FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wanakule, NS Nedoma, AJ Robertson, ML Fang, Z Jackson, A Garetz, BA Balsara, NP AF Wanakule, Nisita S. Nedoma, Alisyn J. Robertson, Megan L. Fang, Zhuangxi Jackson, Andrew Garetz, Bruce A. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Characterization of micron-sized periodic structures in multicomponent polymer blends by ultra-small-angle neutron scattering and optical microscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; BLOCK-COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS; BICONTINUOUS MICROEMULSIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; TERNARY-SYSTEMS; SCALE STRUCTURE AB The thermodynamic properties of a multicomponent blend containing nearly equal volume fractions of two homopolymers, a saturated polybutadiene with 89% 1,2-addition (component A) and polyisobutylene (component B), and 1 vol % of a diblock copolymer was studied by a combination of ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) and optical microscopy. The A-C diblock copolymer, which serves as a surfactant, has an A block that is chemically identical to the A homopolymer and a C block that is a saturated polybutadiene with 62% 1,2-addition. The C block exhibits attractive interactions with component B and repulsive interactions with component A. At temperatures between room temperature and 45 degrees C, USAN results indicated that this blend self-assembles into a microemulsion with periodic length scales in the 0.2-4 mu m range. The USANS data were in excellent agreement with the Teubner-Strey equation for scattering from microemulsions. Optical microscopy studies revealed the presence of bicontinuous microemulsions with length scales that were commensurate with those obtained by USANS. C1 [Wanakule, Nisita S.; Nedoma, Alisyn J.; Robertson, Megan L.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fang, Zhuangxi] Polytech Univ, Othmer Jacobs Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Garetz, Bruce A.] Polytech Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm & Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wanakule, NS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Nedoma, Alisyn/0000-0002-3537-2846 NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 22 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 2 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.1021/ma701922y PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 252BE UT WOS:000252419000030 ER PT J AU Tortora, PR Ceccio, SL Mychkovsky, AG O'Hern, TJ Torczynski, JR AF Tortora, P. R. Ceccio, S. L. Mychkovsky, A. G. O'Hern, T. J. Torczynski, J. R. TI Radial profiles of solids loading and flux in a gas-solid circulating fluidized bed SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Institute-for-Chemical-Engineers (AIChE) CY OCT 30-NOV 04, 2005 CL Cincinnati, OH SP AIChE DE EIT; GDT; tomography; fluidized bed; riser; gas-solid ID ELECTRICAL CAPACITANCE TOMOGRAPHY; FLOW DEVELOPMENT; RISER REACTORS; VOIDAGE PROFILES AB An electrical-impedance tomography (EIT) system has been developed to non-invasively measure radial voidage profiles in the riser of a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB), yielding quantitative information that is validated by comparison to a gamma-densitometry tomography (GDT) system. EIT and GDT were applied to the CFB riser (14-cm inner diameter, 5.77-m height) containing fluid catalytic cracking particles in air. For all cases, the average and near-wall voidages from EIT and GDT agreed to within 0.03 and 0.07, respectively. This good agreement suggests that, where feasible, EIT can be used in place of GDT, which is advantageous since EIT systems are often safer, less expensive, and faster than GDT systems. The results also compared well to two correlations for radial voidage profile from the literature. Finally, a procedure for determining radial solids flux profiles from radial voidage profiles using an additional correlation [M.J. Rhodes, X.S. Wang, H. Cheng, T. Hirama, B.M. Gibbs, Similar profiles of solids flux in circulating fluidized-bed risers, Chemical Engineering Science 47 (1992) 1635-1643] was investigated. It was found that the accuracy of this correlation strongly depends on the voidage and/or solids flux measurement at the riser center. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tortora, P. R.; O'Hern, T. J.; Torczynski, J. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Ceccio, S. L.; Mychkovsky, A. G.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP O'Hern, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tjohem@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD JAN 22 PY 2008 VL 180 IS 3 BP 312 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.09.007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 261KM UT WOS:000253077500007 ER PT J AU Green, R Morfa, A Ferguson, AJ Kopidakis, N Rumbles, G Shaheen, SE AF Green, R. Morfa, A. Ferguson, A. J. Kopidakis, N. Rumbles, G. Shaheen, S. E. TI Performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices prepared by airbrush spray deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-CELLS; POLYMER AB We have used airbrush spray deposition to fabricate organic photovoltaic devices with an active layer composed of a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C(61) butyric acid methyl ester. Working devices were prepared in ambient conditions from a variety of common organic solvents; active layers prepared from chlorobenzene exhibit improved homogeneity, resulting in narrower distributions of the relevant device parameters. Further studies on devices prepared from chlorobenzene showed that annealing at 120 degrees C for 10 min resulted in optimum performance, and that an active layer thickness of 150 nm resulted in a maximum efficiency of 2.35% under AM1.5 illumination at 1 sun. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Green, R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Morfa, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ferguson, A. J.; Kopidakis, N.; Rumbles, G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Shaheen, S. E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Green, R (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM andrew_ferguson@nrel.gov RI Morfa, Anthony/D-2153-2011; Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462; Ferguson, Andrew/0000-0003-2544-1753 NR 14 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 3 AR 033301 DI 10.1063/1.2836267 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 256HI UT WOS:000252718600060 ER PT J AU Hess, NJ Bowden, ME Parvanov, VM Mundy, C Kathmann, SM Schenter, GK Autrey, T AF Hess, Nancy J. Bowden, Mark E. Parvanov, Vencislav M. Mundy, Chris Kathmann, Shawn M. Schenter, Gregory K. Autrey, Tom TI Spectroscopic studies of the phase transition in ammonia borane: Raman spectroscopy of single crystal NH(3)BH(3) as a function of temperature from 88 to 330 K SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMINE BORANES; HIGH-PRESSURE; SOLID-STATE; HEXACHLOROETHANE; HEXABROMOETHANE; REFINEMENT; FREQUENCY; SPECTRA; BH3-NH3; BOND AB Raman spectra of single crystal ammonia borane, NH(3)BH(3), were recorded as a function of temperature from 88 to 300 K using Raman microscopy and a variable temperature stage. The orthorhombic to orientationally disordered tetragonal phase transition at 225 K was clearly evident from the decrease in the number of vibrational modes. However, some of the modes in the orthorhombic phase appeared to merge 10-12 K below the phase transition perhaps suggesting the presence of an intermediate phase. Factor group analysis of vibrational spectra for both orthorhombic and tetragonal phase is provided. In addition, electronic structure calculations are used to assist in the interpretation and assignment of the normal modes. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hess, Nancy J.; Parvanov, Vencislav M.; Mundy, Chris; Kathmann, Shawn M.; Schenter, Gregory K.; Autrey, Tom] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Bowden, Mark E.] Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt 6009, New Zealand. RP Hess, NJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM nancy.hess@pnl.gov RI Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014; OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484; Hess, Nancy/0000-0002-8930-9500 NR 24 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 3 AR 034508 DI 10.1063/1.2820768 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252UC UT WOS:000252471100030 PM 18205511 ER PT J AU Santiso, EE Nardelli, MB Gubbins, KE AF Santiso, Erik E. Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno Gubbins, Keith E. TI A remarkable shape-catalytic effect of confinement on the rotational isomerization of small hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-REACTION EQUILIBRIA; AB-INITIO; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CARBON MICROPORES; DENSITY; 1,3-BUTADIENE; SURFACE; BUTANE; DIMERIZATION; POTENTIALS AB As part of an effort to understand the effect of confinement by porous carbons on chemical reactions, we have carried out density functional theory calculations on the rotational isomerization of three four-membered hydrocarbons: n-butane, 1-butene, and 1,3-butadiene. Our results show that the interactions with the carbon walls cause a dramatic change on the potential energy surface for pore sizes comparable to the molecular dimensions. The porous material enhances or hinders reactions depending on how similar is the shape of the transition state to the shape of the confining material. The structure of the stable states and their equilibrium distributions are also drastically modified by confinement. Our results are consistent with a doubly exponential behavior of the reaction rates as a function of pore size, illustrating how the shape of a catalytic support can dramatically change the efficiency of a catalyst. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Santiso, Erik E.; Gubbins, Keith E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Santiso, Erik E.; Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno; Gubbins, Keith E.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Comp Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Santiso, EE (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM keg@ncsu.edu RI Buongiorno Nardelli, Marco/C-9089-2009 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 3 AR 034704 DI 10.1063/1.2819238 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252UC UT WOS:000252471100034 PM 18205515 ER PT J AU Sheehan, SM Parsons, BF Zhou, J Garand, E Yen, TA Moore, DT Neumark, DM AF Sheehan, Sean M. Parsons, Bradley F. Zhou, Jia Garand, Etienne Yen, Terry A. Moore, David T. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Characterization of cyclic and linear C(3)H(-) and C(3)H via anion photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL-NEUTRAL REACTION; AB-INITIO MO; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; INTERSTELLAR C3H; ELECTRONIC-STATE; SPIN-ORBIT; PHOTODETACHMENT; DENSITY; TRANSITION AB Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of C(3)H(-) and C(3)D(-) is performed using both field-free time-of-flight and slow electron velocity-map imaging. We observe and assign transitions originating from linear/bent (l-C(3)H) and cyclic (c-C(3)H) anionic isomers to the corresponding neutral ground states and low-lying excited states. Transitions within the cyclic and linear manifolds are distinguished by their photoelectron angular distributions and their intensity dependence on the neutral precursor. Using calculated values for the energetics of the neutral isomers [Ochsenfeld , J. Chem. Phys. 106, 4141 (1997)], which predict c-C(3)H to lie 74 meV lower than l-C(3)H, the experimental results establish c-C(3)H(-) as the anionic ground state and place it 229 meV below l-C(3)H(-). Electron affinities of 1.999 +/- 0.003 and 1.997 +/- 0.005 eV are determined for C(3)H and C(3)D from the (X) over tilde (2)B(2)<-(X) over tilde (1)A(1) photodetachment transition of c-C(3)H. Term energies for several low-lying states of c-C(3)H and l-C(3)H are also determined. Franck-Condon simulations are used to make vibrational assignments for the bands involving c-C(3)H. Simulations of the l-C(3)H bands were more complicated owing to large amplitude bending motion and, in the case of the neutral (A) over tilde (2)Pi state, strong Renner-Teller coupling. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Parsons, Bradley F.] Creighton Univ, Dept Chem, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. [Moore, David T.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Chem, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Moore, David/A-7393-2008; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 52 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 3 AR 034301 DI 10.1063/1.2812561 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252UC UT WOS:000252471100011 ER PT J AU Subotnik, JE Sodt, A Head-Gordon, M AF Subotnik, Joseph E. Sodt, Alex Head-Gordon, Martin TI The limits of local correlation theory: Electronic delocalization and chemically smooth potential energy surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; DENSITY FITTING APPROXIMATIONS; TRIPLES CORRECTION T; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; MP2; GRADIENTS; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB Local coupled-cluster theory provides an algorithm for measuring electronic correlation quickly, using only the spatial locality of localized electronic orbitals. Previously, we showed [J. Subotnik , J. Chem. Phys. 125, 074116 (2006)] that one may construct a local coupled-cluster singles-doubles theory which (i) yields smooth potential energy surfaces and (ii) achieves near linear scaling. That theory selected which orbitals to correlate based only on the distances between the centers of different, localized orbitals, and the approximate potential energy surfaces were characterized as smooth using only visual identification. This paper now extends our previous algorithm in three important ways. First, locality is now based on both the distances between the centers of orbitals as well as the spatial extent of the orbitals. We find that, by accounting for the spatial extent of a delocalized orbital, one can account for electronic correlation in systems with some electronic delocalization using fast correlation methods designed around orbital locality. Second, we now enforce locality on not just the amplitudes (which measure the exact electron-electron correlation), but also on the two-electron integrals themselves (which measure the bare electron-electron interaction). Our conclusion is that we can bump integrals as well as amplitudes, thereby gaining a tremendous increase in speed and paradoxically increasing the accuracy of our LCCSD approach. Third and finally, we now make a rigorous definition of chemical smoothness as requiring that potential energy surfaces not support artificial maxima, minima, or inflection points. By looking at first and second derivatives from finite difference techniques, we demonstrate complete chemical smoothness of our potential energy surfaces (bumping both amplitudes and integrals). These results are significant both from a theoretical and from a computationally practical point of view. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Subotnik, Joseph E.; Sodt, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Subotnik, Joseph E.] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Chem, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Subotnik, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Biophys Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM subotnik@post.harvard.edu; mhg@chem.berkeley.edu NR 38 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 3 AR 034103 DI 10.1063/1.2821124 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252UC UT WOS:000252471100003 PM 18205484 ER PT J AU Sun, X Liu, WN Stephens, E Khaleel, MA AF Sun, X. Liu, W. N. Stephens, E. Khaleel, M. A. TI Determination of interfacial adhesion strength between oxide scale and substrate for metallic SOFC interconnects SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE metallic interconnect; solid oxide fuel cell; oxide scale; interfacial strength; indentation test ID FUEL-CELLS; INDENTATION; TOUGHNESS AB The interfacial adhesion strength between the oxide scale and the substrate is crucial to the reliability and durability of metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operating environments. It is necessary, therefore, to establish a methodology to quantify the interfacial adhesion strength between the oxide scale and the metallic interconnect substrate, and furthermore to design and optimize the interconnect material as well as the coating materials to meet the design life of an SOFC system. In this paper, we present an integrated experimental/analytical methodology for quantifying the interfacial adhesion strength between the oxide scale and a ferritic stainless steel interconnect. Stair-stepping indentation tests are used in conjunction with subsequent finite element analyses to predict the interfacial strength between the oxide scale and Crofer 22 APU substrate. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, X.; Liu, W. N.; Stephens, E.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, POB 999,906 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM xin.sun@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 176 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.10.027 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 257UE UT WOS:000252823400024 ER PT J AU Ahn, KS Shet, S Deutsch, T Jiang, CS Yan, YF Al-Jassim, M Turner, J AF Ahn, Kwang-Soon Shet, Sudhakar Deutsch, Todd Jiang, Chun-Sheng Yan, Yanfa Al-Jassim, Mowafak Turner, John TI Enhancement of photoelectrochemical response by aligned nanorods in ZnO thin films SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE ZnO nanorod; gas ambient; photoelectrochemical; crystallinity; bandgap; sputter ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; WATER; GROWTH; PHOTOCATALYSIS; ELECTRODES; NANOWIRES; ARRAYS; TIO2 AB ZnO thin films are deposited in pure Ar and mixed Ar and N-2 gas ambient at various substrate temperatures by rf sputtering ZnO targets. We find that the deposition in pure Ar ambient leads to polycrystalline ZnO thin films. However, the presence of N-2 in the deposition ambient promotes the formation of aligned nanorods at temperatures above 300 degrees C. ZnO films with aligned nanorods deposited at 500 degrees C exhibit significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical response, compared to polycrystalline ZnO thin films grown at the same temperature. Our results suggest that aligned nanostructures may offer potential advantages for improving the efficiency of photoclectrochemical water-splitting for H-2 production. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahn, Kwang-Soon; Shet, Sudhakar; Deutsch, Todd; Jiang, Chun-Sheng; Yan, Yanfa; Al-Jassim, Mowafak; Turner, John] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahn, KS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kwang-soon_ahn@nrel.gov RI jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012; OI Deutsch, Todd/0000-0001-6577-1226 NR 26 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 7 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 176 IS 1 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.10.034 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 257UE UT WOS:000252823400055 ER PT J AU Panaitescu, A AF Panaitescu, A. TI X-ray flares, plateaus and chromatic breaks of GRB afterglows from up-scattered forward-shock emission SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE radiation mechanisms : non-thermal; shock waves; gamma-rays : bursts ID SWIFT OBSERVATIONS; THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS; BURST AFTERGLOWS; CENTRAL ENGINE; LIGHT-CURVE; XMM-NEWTON; MODEL; PROMPT AB Scattering of the forward-shock synchrotron emission by a relativistic outflow located behind the leading blast wave may produce an X-ray emission brighter than that coming directly from the forward shock and may explain four features displayed by Swift X-ray afterglows: flares, plateaus (slow decays), chromatic light-curve breaks and fast post-plateau decays. For a cold scattering outflow, the reflected flux overshines the primary one if the scattering outflow is nearly baryon-free and highly relativistic. These two requirements can be relaxed if the scattering outflow is energized by weak internal shocks, so that the incident forward-shock photons are also inverse-Compton scattered, in addition to bulk scattering. Sweeping-up of the photons left behind by the forward shock naturally yields short X-ray flares. Owing to the boost in photon energy produced by bulk scattering, the reflected emission is more likely to overshine that coming directly from the forward shock at higher photon energies, yielding light-curve plateaus and breaks that appear only in the X-ray. The brightness, shape and decay of the X-ray light-curve plateau depend on the radial distribution of the scatterer's Lorentz factor and mass flux. Chromatic X-ray light-curve breaks and sharp post-plateau decays cannot be accommodated by the direct forward-shock emission and argue in favour of the scatteringoutflow model proposed here. On the other hand, the X-ray afterglows without plateaus, those with achromatic breaks and those with very long lived power-law decays are more naturally accommodated by the standard forward-shock model. Thus, the diversity of X-ray light curves arises from the interplay of the scattered and direct forward-shock emissions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alin@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 3 BP 1143 EP 1154 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12607.x PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EP UT WOS:000252851500027 ER PT J AU Canipana, R Massaro, E Gasparrini, D Cutini, S Trainacere, A AF Canipana, Riccardo Massaro, Enrico Gasparrini, Dario Cutini, Sara Trainacere, Andrea TI A Minimal Spanning Tree algorithm for source detection in gamma-ray images SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods : data analysis; gamma rays : observations ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; EXPERIMENT TELESCOPE; EGRET; CLUSTERS; CALIBRATION; STATISTICS AB We developed a source detection algorithm based on the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST), that is a graph-theoretical method useful for finding clusters in a given set of points. This algorithm is applied to gamma-ray bi-dimensional images where the points correspond to the arrival direction of photons, and the possible sources are associated with the regions where they clusterize. Some filters to select these clusters and to reduce the spurious detections are introduced. An empirical study of the statistical properties of MST on random fields is carried out in order to derive some criteria to estimate the best filter values. We also introduce two parameters useful to verify the goodness of candidate sources. To show how the MST algorithm works in practice, we present an application to an EGRET observation of the Virgo field, at high Galactic latitude and with a low and rather uniform background, in which several sources are detected. C1 [Canipana, Riccardo; Massaro, Enrico] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Massaro, Enrico; Gasparrini, Dario; Cutini, Sara] ESRIN, ASI Sci Data Ctr ASDC, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Gasparrini, Dario; Cutini, Sara] Univ Perugia, Dept Phys, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Trainacere, Andrea] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94205 USA. RP Canipana, R (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, Piazzale A Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM riccardo.campana@uniroma1.it; enrico.massaro@uniroma1.it OI Campana, Riccardo/0000-0002-4794-5453 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 383 IS 3 BP 1166 EP 1174 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12616.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 258EP UT WOS:000252851500029 ER PT J AU Seely, DG Bruhns, H Savin, DW Kvale, TJ Galutschek, E Allabadi, H Havener, CC AF Seely, D. G. Bruhns, H. Savin, D. W. Kvale, T. J. Galutschek, E. Allabadi, H. Havener, C. C. TI Rotating dual-wire beam profile monitor optimized for use in merged-beams experiments SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beam profile monitor; beam scanner; rotating wire; merged beams; overlap ID SCANNING SYSTEM AB A rotating dual-wire beam profile monitor based upon a National Electrostatics Corporation Model BPM80 beam profile monitor is described. The device can measure beam profiles in two perpendicular directions (horizontal and vertical) in each of two pseudoplanes that are situated along the beam axis and are separated by a distance of 5.4cm. The output signal from the device is analyzed in real time to yield horizontal and vertical beam profiles and to calculate the divergence of a particle beam that traverses the device. This set-up is well-suited for merged-beams experiments where one beam is tuned to saved profiles from a second beam in order to minimize the merge angle and beam divergences while maximizing the beam-beam overlaps. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seely, D. G.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Bruhns, H.; Savin, D. W.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Kvale, T. J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Galutschek, E.; Allabadi, H.; Havener, C. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Seely, DG (reprint author), Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. EM dseely@albion.edu RI Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 585 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.10.041 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 261MB UT WOS:000253082000008 ER PT J AU Prasankumar, RP Attaluri, RS Averitt, RD Urayama, J Weisse-Bernstein, N Rotella, P Stintz, AD Krishna, S Taylor, AJ AF Prasankumar, R. P. Attaluri, R. S. Averitt, R. D. Urayama, J. Weisse-Bernstein, N. Rotella, P. Stintz, A. D. Krishna, S. Taylor, A. J. TI Ultrafast carrier dynamics in an InAs/InGaAs quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PHONON BOTTLENECK; RELAXATION; PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR; CAPTURE AB Ultrafast differential transmission spectroscopy is used to explore temperature-dependent carrier dynamics in an InAs/InGaAs quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure. Electron-hole pairs are optically injected into the three dimensional GaAs barriers, after which we monitor carrier relaxation into the two dimensional InGaAs quantum wells and the zero dimensional InAs quantum dots by tuning the probe photon energy. We find that carrier capture and relaxation are dominated by Auger carrier-carrier scattering at low temperatures, with thermal emission playing an increasing role with temperature. Our experiments provide essential insight into carrier relaxation across multiple spatial dimensions. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Prasankumar, R. P.; Averitt, R. D.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Attaluri, R. S.; Weisse-Bernstein, N.; Rotella, P.; Stintz, A. D.; Krishna, S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept EECE, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Urayama, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Prasankumar, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov RI Krishna, Sanjay /C-5766-2009 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 2 BP 1165 EP 1173 DI 10.1364/OE.16.001165 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252XB UT WOS:000252479700067 PM 18542190 ER PT J AU Erdin, S AF Erdin, Serkan TI Double-exchange model for molecule-based magnets SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE organic magnets; photoinduced magnetization; double-exchange model ID COMPETING DOUBLE EXCHANGE; SUPEREXCHANGE INTERACTIONS AB We report a detailed study of a double-exchange model proposed for the molecule-based magnets. The model is applied to a two-dimensional periodic complex made of a transition metal and an organic molecule in which the electronic structure is described by effective d orbitals of the transition metal ion at infinite Hund's coupling limit and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the organic molecule, pi*. Depending on the average electron density of the organic molecules and various superexchange couplings between metal ions' core spins, magnetic states of the complex are investigated. Performing Monte Carlo calculations on a model Hamiltonian for various electron densities of the organic molecule, the average magnetization and critical magnetic ordering temperatures are determined. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Erdin, Serkan] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Erdin, Serkan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdin, S (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM serdin@bcm.tmc.edu RI Erdin, Serkan/B-4988-2008 OI Erdin, Serkan/0000-0001-6587-2625 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JAN 21 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 4 BP 493 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2007.07.074 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 257YI UT WOS:000252835200024 ER PT J AU O'Shea, BW Norman, ML AF O'Shea, Brian W. Norman, Michael L. TI Population III star formation in a Lambda CDM Universe. II. Effects of a photodissociating background SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : high-redshift; hydrodynamics; stars : formation ID RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS CODE; PIECEWISE PARABOLIC METHOD; ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; 2 SPACE DIMENSIONS; COLD-DARK-MATTER; METAL-FREE STARS; 1ST STARS; PRIMORDIAL STAR; COSMOLOGICAL HYDRODYNAMICS AB We examine aspects of primordial star formation in the presence of a molecular hydrogen-dissociating ultraviolet background. We compare a set of AMR hydrodynamic cosmological simulations using a single cosmological realization, but with a range of ultraviolet background strengths in the Lyman-Werner band. This allows us to study the effects of Lyman-Werner radiation on suppressing H(2) cooling at low densities, as well as the high-density evolution of the collapsing cloud core in a self-consistent cosmological framework. We find that the addition of a photodissociating background results in a delay of the collapse of high-density gas at the center of the most massive halo in the simulation and, as a result, an increase in the virial mass of this halo at the onset of baryon collapse. We find that, contrary to previous results, Population III star formation is not suppressed for J(21) >= 0: 1, but occurs even with backgrounds as high as J(21) = 1. We find that H(2) cooling leads to collapse despite the depressed core molecular hydrogen fractions due to the elevated H(2) cooling rates at T = 2-5 x 10(3) K. We observe a relationship between the strength of the photodissociating background and the rate of accretion onto the evolving protostellar cloud core, with higher LW background fluxes resulting in higher accretion rates. Finally, we find that the collapsing cloud cores in our simulations do not fragment at densities below n similar to 10(10) cm(-3), regardless of the strength of the LW background, suggesting that Population III stars forming in halos with T(vir) similar to 10(4) K may still form in isolation. C1 [O'Shea, Brian W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys T 6, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Norman, Michael L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP O'Shea, BW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys T 6, MS B227, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bwoshea@lanl.gov; mlnorman@ucsd.edu NR 61 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 14 EP 33 DI 10.1086/524006 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200002 ER PT J AU Marois, C Lafreniere, D Macintosh, B Doyon, R AF Marois, Christian Lafreniere, David Macintosh, Bruce Doyon, Rene TI Confidence level and sensitivity limits in high-contrast imaging SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE instrumentation : adaptive optics; instrumentation : high angular resolution; methods : data analysis; methods : statistical; planetary systems; stars : imaging; stars : low-mass, brown dwarfs; techniques : image processing ID SPECKLE NOISE; COMPANIONS; STATISTICS; PLANETS; SEARCH AB In long adaptive optics corrected exposures, exoplanet detections are currently limited by speckle noise originating from the telescope and instrument optics, and it is expected that such noise will also limit future high-contrast imaging instruments for both ground- and space-based telescopes. Previous theoretical analyses have shown that the time intensity variations of a single speckle follow a modified Rician. It is first demonstrated here that for a circular pupil, this temporal intensity distribution also represents the speckle spatial intensity distribution at a fixed separation from the point-spread function center; this fact is demonstrated using numerical simulations for coronagraphic and noncoronagraphic data. The real statistical distribution of the noise needs to be taken into account explicitly when selecting a detection threshold appropriate for some desired confidence level (CL). In this paper, a technique is described to obtain the pixel intensity distribution of an image and its corresponding CL as a function of the detection threshold. Using numerical simulations, it is shown that in the presence of speckle noise, a detection threshold up to 3 times higher is required to obtain a CL equivalent to that at 5 sigma for Gaussian noise. The technique is then tested on data acquired by simultaneous spectral differential imaging with TRIDENT and by angular differential imaging with NIRI. It is found that the angular differential imaging technique produces quasi-Gaussian residuals, a remarkable result compared to classical adaptive optic imaging. Finally, a power law is derived to predict the 1 - 3 x 10(-7) CL detection threshold when averaging a partially correlated non-Gaussian noise. C1 [Marois, Christian; Macintosh, Bruce] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys L413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Lafreniere, David; Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Lafreniere, David; Doyon, Rene] Univ Montreal, Observ Mt Megant, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Marois, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys L413, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Lafreniere, David/0000-0002-6780-4252 NR 26 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP 647 EP 656 DI 10.1086/523839 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RH UT WOS:000253454200051 ER PT J AU Gnedin, NY AF Gnedin, Nickolay Y. TI Are there enough ionizing photons to reionize the universe by z approximate to 6? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : formation; intergalactic medium large-scale; structure of universe ID LYMAN CONTINUUM EMISSION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; STAR-FORMATION; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; ESCAPE FRACTION; BREAK GALAXIES; HIGH-REDSHIFT; EVOLUTION; Z-SIMILAR-TO-6; HYDROGEN AB The number of ionizing photons per baryon as a function of redshift is estimated from the plausible extrapolation of the observed galaxy UV luminosity function and the latest results on the properties of the escape fraction of ionizing radiation. If the escape fraction for low-mass galaxies (M-TOT less than or similar to 10(11) M-circle dot) is assumed to be negligibly small, as indicated by numerical simulations, then there are not enough ionizing photons to reionize the universe by z = 6 for the cosmology favored by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) third-year results, while the WMAP first-year cosmology is marginally consistent with the reionization requirement. The escape fraction as a function of galaxy mass would have to be constant to within a factor of 2 for the whole mass range of galaxies for reionization to be possible within the WMAP third-year cosmology. C1 [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gnedin, NY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM gnedin@fnal.gov NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD JAN 20 PY 2008 VL 673 IS 1 BP L1 EP L4 DI 10.1086/527356 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 291YG UT WOS:000255232800001 ER PT J AU Hu, JC Zhu, KK Chen, LF Yang, HJ Li, Z Suchopar, A Richards, R AF Hu, Juncheng Zhu, Kake Chen, Lifang Yang, Haijian Li, Zhi Suchopar, Andreas Richards, Ryan TI Preparation and surface activity of single-crystalline NiO(111) nanosheets with hexagonal holes: A semiconductor nanospanner SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID VERSATILE REACTION SYSTEM; LOW-TEMPERATURE; MAGNESIUM METHOXIDE; GRAPHITE LAYERS; BENZYL ALCOHOL; NICKEL-OXIDE; NANOPARTICLES; METHANOL; NIO; DECOMPOSITION AB Semiconductor single crystalline NiO nanosheets with well-defined hexagonal holes having the appearance of a nanometer-scale spanner are prepared via an efficient wet chemical route. The main surfaces of the NiO nanosheets are (111) facets and the sizes of both the sheets and the holes can be controlled. The NiO(111) nanosheets with hexagonal holes showed unusual activity for low temperature methanol decomposition. C1 [Hu, Juncheng; Chen, Lifang; Li, Zhi; Richards, Ryan] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhu, Kake] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Suchopar, Andreas] Jacobs Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. [Yang, Haijian] Hubei Prov S Cent Univ Nationalities, Lab Catalysis & Mat Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Richards, R (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rrichard@mines.edu RI Richards, Ryan/B-3513-2008; Li, Zhi/H-3377-2011; Hu, Juncheng/F-4123-2010; OI Li, Zhi/0000-0003-1668-4948; Hu, Juncheng/0000-0003-0896-1474; Yang, Hai-Jian/0000-0001-9644-6207 NR 31 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 8 U2 56 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 267 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701389 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258LR UT WOS:000252869900009 ER PT J AU Gianola, DS Eberl, C Cheng, XM Hemker, KJ AF Gianola, Daniel S. Eberl, Christoph Cheng, Xuemei Hemker, Kevin J. TI Stress-driven surface topography evolution in nanocrystalline Al thin films SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY MIGRATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; THERMAL-STABILITY; FCC METALS; IN-SITU; GROWTH; DEFORMATION; STRAIN AB Stress-assisted grain growth at room temperature is identified as a plastic deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline thin films. Unique surface relief is attributed to the direct application of stress-coupled grain boundary migration theory. The figure shows a false-color SEM image of surface topography and an AFM height profile as a result of stress-assisted grain growth. A strategy for tailoring the mechanical properties of nanostructured metals is shown. C1 [Gianola, Daniel S.; Eberl, Christoph; Hemker, Kevin J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Cheng, Xuemei] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. RP Hemker, KJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM hemker@jhu.edu RI Hemker, Kevin/A-3315-2010; Cheng, Xuemei/D-2388-2010; Eberl, Christoph/F-3175-2010 OI Cheng, Xuemei/0000-0001-6670-4316; Eberl, Christoph/0000-0003-4271-1380 NR 59 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 BP 303 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701607 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258LR UT WOS:000252869900016 ER PT J AU Polsky, R Harper, JC Wheeler, DR Dirk, SM Arango, DC Brozik, SM AF Polsky, Ronen Harper, Jason C. Wheeler, David R. Dirk, Shawn M. Arango, Dulce C. Brozik, Susan M. TI Electrically addressable diazonium-functionalized antibodies for multianalyte electrochemical sensor applications SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE immunosensors; electrochemical biosensor; diazonium; electrode array; selective functionalization; multianalyte detection ID GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODES; COVALENT MODIFICATION; ORGANIC LAYERS; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; GOLD ELECTRODES; REDUCTION; SALTS; SURFACES; DNA; IMMOBILIZATION AB The direct electrically addressable deposition of diazonium-modified antibodies is examined for electrochemical immunosensing applications. The immobilized antibodies can be detected by the use of electroactive enzyme tags and nanoparticle-gold labeling. Control over antibody functionalization density and minimal spontaneous grafting of diazonium-antibody adducts is shown. The utility of the technique for a sandwich immunoassay as well as the ability to individually and selectively address closely spaced microelectrodes for multi-target protein detection in an array format is demonstrated. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Polsky, Ronen; Harper, Jason C.; Wheeler, David R.; Dirk, Shawn M.; Arango, Dulce C.; Brozik, Susan M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brozik, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smbrozi@sandia.gov NR 43 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 757 EP 764 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2007.08.013 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 257HO UT WOS:000252790000001 PM 17900891 ER PT J AU James, CD Reuel, N Lee, ES Davalos, RV Mani, SS Carroll-Portillo, A Rebeil, R Martino, A Apblett, CA AF James, Conrad D. Reuel, Nigel Lee, Eunice S. Davalos, Rafael V. Mani, Seethambal S. Carroll-Portillo, Amanda Rebeil, Roberto Martino, Anthony Apblett, Christopher A. TI Impedimetric and optical interrogation of single cells in a microfluidic device for real-time viability and chemical response assessment SO BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE impedance spectroscopy; single cell; microfluidics; microfabrication; macrophage; immune response ID PATCH-CLAMP ELECTRODES; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTROPORATION CHIP; ACTIVATION; SUBSTRATE; INVITRO; BIOLOGY; DESIGN; SYSTEM; FIELDS AB We report here a non-invasive, reversible method for interrogating single cells in a microfluidic flow-through system. Impedance spectroscopy of cells held at a micron-sized pore under negative pressure is demonstrated and used to determine the presence and viability of the captured cell. The cell capture pore is optimized for electrical response and mechanical interfacing to a cell using a deposited layer of parylene. Changes in the mechanical interface between the cell and the chip due to chemical exposure or environmental changes can also be assessed. Here, we monitored the change in adhesion/spreading of RAW264.7 macrophages in response to the immune stimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This method enables selective, reversible, and quantitative long-term impedance measurements on single cells. The fully sealed electrofluidic assembly is compatible with long-term cell culturing, and could be modified to incorporate single cell lysis and subsequent intracellular separation and analysis. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [James, Conrad D.; Reuel, Nigel; Lee, Eunice S.; Davalos, Rafael V.; Mani, Seethambal S.; Carroll-Portillo, Amanda; Rebeil, Roberto; Martino, Anthony; Apblett, Christopher A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP James, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdjame@sandia.gov RI Davalos, Rafael/F-9012-2011 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-5663 J9 BIOSENS BIOELECTRON JI Biosens. Bioelectron. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 845 EP 851 DI 10.1016/j.bios.2007.08.022 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biophysics; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 257HO UT WOS:000252790000013 PM 17933506 ER PT J AU Carroll, SA Roberts, SK Criscenti, LJ O'Day, PA AF Carroll, Susan A. Roberts, Sarah K. Criscenti, Louise J. O'Day, Peggy A. TI Surface complexation model for strontium sorption to amorphous silica and goethite SO GEOCHEMICAL TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; RUTILE-WATER INTERFACE; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; TANK-WASTE LEACHATE; TRIPLE-LAYER MODEL; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; SALT-SOLUTIONS; CARBONATE ADSORPTION; MINERAL SURFACES; EXAFS ANALYSIS AB Strontium sorption to amorphous silica and goethite was measured as a function of pH and dissolved strontium and carbonate concentrations at 25 degrees C. Strontium sorption gradually increases from 0 to 100% from pH 6 to 10 for both phases and requires multiple outer-sphere surface complexes to fit the data. All data are modeled using the triple layer model and the site-occupancy standard state; unless stated otherwise all strontium complexes are mononuclear. Strontium sorption to amorphous silica in the presence and absence of dissolved carbonate can be fit with tetradentate Sr(2+) and SrOH(+) complexes on the beta-plane and a monodentate Sr(2+) complex on the diffuse plane to account for strontium sorption at low ionic strength. Strontium sorption to goethite in the absence of dissolved carbonate can be fit with monodentate and tetradentate SrOH(+) complexes and a tetradentate binuclear Sr(2+) species on the beta-plane. The binuclear complex is needed to account for enhanced sorption at hgh strontium surface loadings. In the presence of dissolved carbonate additional monodentate Sr(2+) and SrOH+ carbonate surface complexes on the beta-plane are needed to fit strontium sorption to goethite. Modeling strontium sorption as outersphere complexes is consistent with quantitative analysis of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) on selected sorption samples that show a single first shell of oxygen atoms around strontium indicating hydrated surface complexes at the amorphous silica and goethite surfaces. Strontium surface complexation equilibrium constants determined in this study combined with other alkaline earth surface complexation constants are used to recalibrate a predictive model based on Born solvation and crystal-chemistry theory. The model is accurate to about 0.7 log K units. More studies are needed to determine the dependence of alkaline earth sorption on ionic strength and dissolved carbonate and sulfate concentrations for the development of a robust surface complexation database to estimate alkaline earth sorption in the environment. C1 [Carroll, Susan A.; Roberts, Sarah K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Criscenti, Louise J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [O'Day, Peggy A.] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA USA. RP Carroll, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM carroll6@llnl.gov; roberts28@lllnl.gov; ljcrisc@sandia.gov; poday@ucmerced.edu NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1467-4866 J9 GEOCHEM T JI Geochem. Trans. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 9 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1467-4866-9-2 PG 26 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282DS UT WOS:000254548400001 PM 18205927 ER PT J AU Gary, SP Saito, S Li, H AF Gary, S. Peter Saito, Shinji Li, Hui TI Cascade of whistler turbulence: Particle-in-cell simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALL-MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; SOLAR-WIND TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DISSIPATION RANGE; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTRA; ANISOTROPY; WAVES; DEPENDENCE AB A two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation in a magnetized, homogeneous, collisionless plasma of electrons and protons has been carried out, demonstrating a forward cascade of whistler turbulence. Enhanced magnetic fluctuation spectra are initially imposed with -0.2 < k parallel to c/omega(e) < 0.2 and -0.2 < k(perpendicular to)c/omega(e) < 0.2 where the directional subscripts denote directions relative to the background magnetic field B(o) and c/omega(e) is the electron inertial length. The late-time evolution of the simulation shows a cascade of magnetic fluctuation energy to shorter wavelengths; furthermore, the spectrum is anisotropic with more fluctuation energy at a given wavenumber perpendicular to Bo than at the same wavenumber parallel to the background field. The late-time electron velocity distribution shows a magnetic-field aligned signature due to the Landau resonance of the obliquely propagating whistlers. C1 [Gary, S. Peter; Saito, Shinji; Li, Hui] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gary, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 AR L02104 DI 10.1029/2007GL032327 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 254DS UT WOS:000252567200003 ER PT J AU Masters, A Arridge, CS Dougherty, MK Bertucci, C Billingham, L Schwartz, SJ Jackman, CM Bebesi, Z Coates, AJ Thomsen, MF AF Masters, A. Arridge, C. S. Dougherty, M. K. Bertucci, C. Billingham, L. Schwartz, S. J. Jackman, C. M. Bebesi, Z. Coates, A. J. Thomsen, M. F. TI Cassini encounters with hot flow anomaly-like phenomena at Saturn's bow shock SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; DIAMAGNETIC CAVITIES UPSTREAM; SOLAR-WIND; CURRENT SHEET; DISCONTINUITY AB The first observations of the kronian equivalent of hot flow anomalies (HFAs) are presented. Using magnetic field and plasma data we discuss two events that were observed upstream of Saturn's bow shock during the first two orbits of the Cassini spacecraft. We suggest that these events result from the interaction between interplanetary current sheets and the shock surface. This same interaction is responsible for HFAs at the terrestrial bow shock. Calculations of electron temperature reveal an increase by a factor of approximately two for the first event, which is less than for terrestrial HFAs where the increase is by approximately an order of magnitude. In contrast to terrestrial HFAs we find that these events are associated with density enhancement rather than reduction. Estimates of the total pressure for the first event imply that the central region is expanding. C1 [Masters, A.; Dougherty, M. K.; Bertucci, C.; Billingham, L.; Schwartz, S. J.; Jackman, C. M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, Blackett Lab, London, England. [Arridge, C. S.; Coates, A. J.] UCL, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dept Space & Climate Phys, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Arridge, C. S.; Coates, A. J.] UCL, Ctr Planteray Sci, London, England. [Bebesi, Z.] KFKI Res Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Budapest, Hungary. [Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Masters, A (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, Blackett Lab, London, England. RI Arridge, Christopher/A-2894-2009; Coates, Andrew/C-2396-2008; OI Arridge, Christopher/0000-0002-0431-6526; Coates, Andrew/0000-0002-6185-3125; Bertucci, Cesar/0000-0002-2540-5384; Billingham, Laurence/0000-0002-5858-1579; Jackman, Caitriona/0000-0003-0635-7361 FU Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/D00084X/1] NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 2 AR L02202 DI 10.1029/2007GL032371 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 254DS UT WOS:000252567200004 ER PT J AU Hall, BM Roberts, SA Heroux, A Cordes, MHJ AF Hall, Branwen M. Roberts, Sue A. Heroux, Annie Cordes, Matthew H. J. TI Two structures of a lambda Cro variant highlight dimer flexibility but disfavor major dimer distortions upon specific binding of cognate DNA SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE induced fit; crystal packing; transcription factor; dimerization; X-ray crystallography ID SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC INTERACTIONS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; OPERATOR DNA; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; BACTERIOPHAGE-LAMBDA; REPRESSOR DIMERS; PROTEIN; STABILITY; COMPLEXES AB Previously reported crystal structures of free and DNA-bound dimers. of lambda Cro differ strongly (about 4 A backbone rmsd), suggesting both flexibility of the dimer interface and induced-fit protein structure changes caused by sequence-specific DNA binding. Here, we present two crystal structures, in space groups P3(2)21 and C2 at 1.35 and 1.40 angstrom resolution, respectively, of a variant of lambda Cro with three mutations in its recognition helix (Q27P/A29S/ K32Q, or PSQ for short). One dimer structure (P3221; PSQ form 1) resembles the DNA-bound wild-type Cro dimer (1.0 angstrom backbone rmsd), while the other (C2; PSQ form 2) resembles neither unbound (3.6 angstrom) nor bound (2.4 angstrom) wild-type Cro. Both PSQ form 2 and unbound wild-type dimer crystals have a similar interdimer beta-sheet interaction between the beta 1 strands at the edges of the dimer. In the former, an infinite, open beta-structure along one crystal axis results, while in the latter, a closed tetrameric barrel is formed. Neither the DNA-bound wild-type structure nor PSQ form 1 contains these interdimer interactions. We propose that beta-sheet superstructures resulting from crystal contact interactions distort Cro dimers from their preferred solution conformation, which actually resembles the DNA-bound structure. These results highlight the remarkable flexibility of lambda Cro but also suggest that sequence-specific DNA binding may not induce large changes in the protein structure. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hall, Branwen M.; Roberts, Sue A.; Cordes, Matthew H. J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Heroux, Annie] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Cordes, MHJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cordes@email.arizona.edu NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 375 IS 3 BP 802 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.082 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 262BS UT WOS:000253124600019 PM 18054042 ER PT J AU Liu, WL Coleman, RA Grob, P King, DS Florens, L Washburn, MP Geles, KG Yang, JL Ramey, V Nogales, E Tjian, R AF Liu, Wei-Li Coleman, Robert A. Grob, Patricia King, David S. Florens, Laurence Washburn, Michael P. Geles, Kenneth G. Yang, Joyce L. Ramey, Vincent Nogales, Eva Tjian, Robert TI Structural changes in TAF4b-TFIID correlate with promoter selectivity SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; C-JUN; GENE-EXPRESSION; CORE PROMOTER; IN-VITRO; ACTIVATION; COMPLEX; TFIIA; SP1; COACTIVATOR AB Proper ovarian development requires the cell type-specific transcription factor TAF4b, a subunit of the core promoter recognition complex TRID. We present the 35 A structure of a cell type-specific core promoter recognition complex containing TAF4b and TAF4 (4b/4-IID), which is responsible for directing transcriptional synergy between c-Jun and Sp1 at a TAF4b target promoter. As a first step toward correlating potential structure/function relationships of the prototypic TFIID versus 4b/4-IID, we have compared their 3D structures by electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction. These studies reveal that TAF4b incorporation into TFIID induces an open conformation at the lobe involved in TFIIA and putative activator interactions. Importantly, this open conformation correlates with differential activator-dependent transcription and promoter recognition by 4b/4-IID. By combining functional and structural analysis, we find that distinct localized structural changes in a megadalton macromolecular assembly can significantly alter its activity and lead to a TAF4b-induced reprogramming of promoter specificity. C1 [Liu, Wei-Li; Coleman, Robert A.; King, David S.; Yang, Joyce L.; Tjian, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Li Ka Shing Ctr Biomed & Hlth Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Wei-Li; Coleman, Robert A.; Grob, Patricia; King, David S.; Yang, Joyce L.; Ramey, Vincent; Nogales, Eva; Tjian, Robert] Univ Calif Berkeley, Li Ka Shing Ctr Biomed & Hlth Sci, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grob, Patricia; Ramey, Vincent; Nogales, Eva] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Florens, Laurence; Washburn, Michael P.] Stowers Inst Med Res, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Geles, Kenneth G.] Wyeth Ayerst Res, Pearl River, NY 10965 USA. RP Tjian, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Li Ka Shing Ctr Biomed & Hlth Sci, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jmlim@berkeley.edu OI Florens, Laurence/0000-0002-9310-6650; Washburn, Michael/0000-0001-7568-2585 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NCI NIH HHS [CA 25417, P01 CA112181, P01 CA112181-03, R37 CA025417, R37 CA025417-29]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063072] NR 29 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.11.003 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 253NN UT WOS:000252525000008 PM 18206971 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Akimoto, T Albrow, MG Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Aoki, M Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzi-Bacchetta, P Azzurri, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Baroiant, S Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Bednar, P Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Belloni, A Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Berry, T Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bolshov, A Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cooper, B Copic, K Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lentdecker, G De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M De Pedis, D Derwent, PF Di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Forrester, S Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Giagu, S Giakoumopolou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Hamilton, A Han, BY Han, JY Handler, R Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinemann, B Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A Iyutin, B James, E Jayatilaka, B Jeans, D Jeon, EJ Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Kerzel, U Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Klute, M Knuteson, B Ko, BR Koay, SA Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kraus, J Kreps, M Kroll, J Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhlmann, SE Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kusakabe, Y Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lai, S Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, J Lee, J Lee, YJ Lee, SW Lefevre, R Leonardo, N Leone, S Levy, S Lewis, JD Lin, C Lin, CS Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lovas, L Lu, RS Lucchesi, D Lueck, J Luci, C Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R Lytken, E Mack, P MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, M Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzemer, S Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Messina, A Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miles, J Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moed, S Moggi, N Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, M Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Neu, C Neubauer, MS Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Oldeman, R Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Pagliarone, C Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Piedra, J Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Portell, X Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Reisert, B Rekovic, V Renton, P Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salamanna, G Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savoy-Navarro, A Scheidle, T Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MA Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scott, AL Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sfyria, A Shalhout, SZ Shapiro, MD Shears, T Shepard, PF Sherman, D Shimojima, M Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soderberg, M Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spinella, F Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Sun, H Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thompson, GA Thomson, E Tipton, P Tiwari, V Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Tourneur, S Trischuk, W Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Uozumi, S Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Veszpremi, V Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wurthwein, F Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner-Kuhr, J Wagner, W Wakisaka, T Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wynne, SM Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yamashita, T Yang, C Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zaw, I Zhang, X Zheng, Y Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Adelman, J. Akimoto, T. Albrow, M. G. Gonzalez, B. Alvarez Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Aoki, M. Apollinari, G. Apresyan, A. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzi-Bacchetta, P. Azzurri, P. Bacchetta, N. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Baroiant, S. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Bednar, P. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Belloni, A. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Berry, T. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bolshov, A. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bridgeman, A. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cooper, B. Copic, K. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Dagenhart, D. Datta, M. Davies, T. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lentdecker, G. De Lorenzo, G. Dell'Orso, M. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. De Pedis, D. Derwent, P. F. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. D'Onofrio, M. Donati, S. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Ferrazza, C. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Forrester, S. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garberson, F. Garcia, J. E. Garfinkel, A. F. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Giagu, S. Giakoumopolou, V. Giannetti, P. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. M. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Golossanov, A. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Hamilton, A. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Handler, R. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, D. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hauser, J. Hays, C. Heck, M. Heijboer, A. Heinemann, B. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hewamanage, S. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Huston, J. Incandela, J. Introzzi, G. 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CA CDF Collaboration TI First observation of the decay B-s(0)-> Ds-Ds+ and measurement of its branching ratio SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HADRONIC COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTION; CDF AB We report the observation of the exclusive decay B-s(0)-> Ds-Ds+ at the 7.5 standard deviation level using 355 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF II detector in p (p) over bar collisions at root s =1.96 TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. We measure the relative branching ratio B(B-s(0)-> Ds-Ds+)/B(B-0 -> D-Ds+)=1.44(-0.44)(+0.48). Using the world average value for B(B-0 -> D-Ds+), we find B(B-s(0)-> Ds-Ds+)=(9.4(-4.2)(+4.4))x10(-3). This provides a lower bound Delta Gamma(CP)(s)/Gamma(s)>= 2B(B-s(0)-> Ds-Ds+)> 1.2x10(-2) at 95% C.L. C1 [Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; Lu, R. -S.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Wang, S. 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RI Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; messina, andrea/C-2753-2013; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI iori, maurizio/0000-0002-6349-0380; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Salamanna, Giuseppe/0000-0002-0861-0052; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Osterberg, Kenneth/0000-0003-4807-0414; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964; Latino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4098-3502; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 021803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.021803 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200019 ER PT J AU Angle, J Aprile, E Arneodo, F Baudis, L Bernstein, A Bolozdynya, A Brusov, P Coelho, LCC Dahl, CE DeViveiros, L Ferella, AD Fernandes, LMP Fiorucci, S Gaitskell, RJ Giboni, KL Gomez, R Hasty, R Kastens, L Kwong, J Lopes, JAM Madden, N Manalaysay, A Manzur, A McKinsey, DN Monzani, ME Ni, K Oberlack, U Orboeck, J Plante, G Santorelli, R dos Santos, JMF Shagin, P Shutt, T Sorensen, P Schulte, S Winant, C Yamashita, M AF Angle, J. Aprile, E. Arneodo, F. Baudis, L. Bernstein, A. Bolozdynya, A. Brusov, P. Coelho, L. C. C. Dahl, C. E. DeViveiros, L. Ferella, A. D. Fernandes, L. M. P. Fiorucci, S. Gaitskell, R. J. Giboni, K. L. Gomez, R. Hasty, R. Kastens, L. Kwong, J. Lopes, J. A. M. Madden, N. Manalaysay, A. Manzur, A. McKinsey, D. N. Monzani, M. E. Ni, K. Oberlack, U. Orboeck, J. Plante, G. Santorelli, R. dos Santos, J. M. F. Shagin, P. Shutt, T. Sorensen, P. Schulte, S. Winant, C. Yamashita, M. CA Xenon Collaboration TI First results from the XENON10 dark matter experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID XENON; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CONSTRAINTS; CANDIDATES; SEARCH; WMAP AB The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector measures simultaneously the scintillation and the ionization produced by radiation in pure liquid xenon to discriminate signal from background down to 4.5 keV nuclear-recoil energy. A blind analysis of 58.6 live days of data, acquired between October 6, 2006, and February 14, 2007, and using a fiducial mass of 5.4 kg, excludes previously unexplored parameter space, setting a new 90% C.L. upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 8.8x10(-44) cm(2) for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c(2), and 4.5x10(-44) cm(2) for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c(2). This result further constrains predictions of supersymmetric models. C1 [Angle, J.; Manalaysay, A.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Angle, J.; Baudis, L.; Ferella, A. D.; Manalaysay, A.; Orboeck, J.; Schulte, S.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Klinikum, Dept Phys, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. [Aprile, E.; Giboni, K. L.; Monzani, M. E.; Plante, G.; Santorelli, R.; Yamashita, M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Arneodo, F.; Ferella, A. D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, I-67010 Assergi, Italy. [Bernstein, A.; Madden, N.; Winant, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bolozdynya, A.; Brusov, P.; Dahl, C. E.; Kwong, J.; Shutt, T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Coelho, L. C. C.; Fernandes, L. M. P.; Lopes, J. A. M.; dos Santos, J. M. F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Phys, P-3004516 Coimbra, Portugal. [Dahl, C. E.; Kwong, J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [DeViveiros, L.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Sorensen, P.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Gomez, R.; Oberlack, U.; Shagin, P.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Hasty, R.; Kastens, L.; Manzur, A.; McKinsey, D. N.; Monzani, M. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Angle, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM age@astro.columbia.edu RI Yamashita, Masaki/A-4300-2011; Coelho, Luis/F-4493-2012; Fiorucci, Stefano/I-1251-2012; Arneodo, Francesco/B-8076-2013; de Viveiros, Luiz/M-9205-2013; matias-lopes, jose/H-6074-2012; dos Santos, Joaquim/B-3058-2015; Coelho, Luis/D-9295-2014; Arneodo, Francesco/E-5061-2015; Fernandes, Luis/E-2372-2011; Santorelli, Roberto/L-6017-2015; OI Coelho, Luis/0000-0001-6205-9479; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; de Viveiros, Luiz/0000-0002-7038-2361; matias-lopes, jose/0000-0002-6366-2963; Coelho, Luis/0000-0001-6205-9479; Arneodo, Francesco/0000-0002-1061-0510; Fernandes, Luis/0000-0002-7061-8768; Santorelli, Roberto/0000-0002-0012-2644; dos Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira/0000-0002-8841-6523; Ferella, Alfredo Davide/0000-0002-6006-9160 NR 33 TC 516 Z9 521 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 021303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.021303 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200013 PM 18232850 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Prudent, X Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Tico, JG Grauges, E Lopez, L Palano, A Pappagallo, M Eigen, G Stugu, B Sun, L Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Osipenkov, IL Ronan, MT Tackmann, K Tanabe, T Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Koch, H Schroeder, T Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Barrett, M Khan, A Saleem, M Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Bondioli, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Martin, EC Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Gary, JW Liu, F Long, O Shen, BC Vitug, GM Zhang, L Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Wilson, MG Winstrom, LO Chen, E Cheng, CH Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Andreassen, R Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Gabareen, AM Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Wacker, K Klose, V Kobel, MJ Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Lombardo, V Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Watson, JE Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cecchi, A Cibinetto, G Franchini, P Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Santoro, V Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Chaisanguanthum, KS Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Dauncey, PD Flack, RL Nash, JA Vazquez, WP Tibbetts, M Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gao, YY Gritsan, AV Guo, ZJ Lae, CK Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Bequilleux, J D'Orazio, A Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Sordini, V Stocchi, A Wang, L Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Bingham, I Burke, JP Chavez, CA Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R Hutchcroft, DE 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Lynch, H. L. MacFarlane, D. B. Marsiske, H. Messner, R. Muller, D. R. Nelson, S. O'Grady, C. P. Ofte, I. Perazzo, A. Perl, M. Pulliam, T. Ratcliff, B. N. Roodman, A. Salnikov, A. A. Schindler, R. H. Schwiening, J. Snyder, A. Su, D. Sullivan, M. K. Suzuki, K. Swain, S. K. Thompson, J. M. Va'vra, J. Wagner, A. P. Weaver, M. Wisniewski, W. J. Wittgen, M. Wright, D. H. Yarritu, A. K. Yi, K. Young, C. C. Ziegler, V. Burchat, P. R. Edwards, A. J. Majewski, S. A. Miyashita, T. S. Petersen, B. A. Wilden, L. Ahmed, S. Alam, M. S. Bula, R. Ernst, J. A. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Spanier, S. M. Wogsland, B. J. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Ruland, A. M. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Milanes, D. A. Oyanguren, A. Albert, J. Banerjee, Sw. Bhuyan, B. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Harrison, P. F. Ilic, J. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Dasu, S. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Neal, H. CA BaBar Collaboration TI Observation of the semileptonic decays B -> D-*tau(-)(nu)over-bar(tau) and evidence for B -> D tau(-)(nu)over-bar(tau) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FORM-FACTORS; BRANCHING RATIO; MESON DECAYS; HEAVY MESONS AB We present measurements of the semileptonic decays B--> D-0 tau(-)(nu) over bar (tau), B--> D-*0 tau(-)(nu) over bar (tau), (B) over bar (0)-> D+tau(-)(nu) over bar (tau), and (B) over bar (0)-> D*+tau(-)(nu) over bar (tau), which are potentially sensitive to non-standard model amplitudes. The data sample comprises 232x10(6) Upsilon(4S)-> B (B) over bar decays collected with the BABAR detector. From a combined fit to B- and (B) over bar (0) channels, we obtain the branching fractions B(B -> D tau(-)(nu) over bar (tau))=(0.86 +/- 0.24 +/- 0.11 +/- 0.06)% and B(B -> D-*tau(-)(nu) over bar (tau))=(1.62 +/- 0.31 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.05)% (normalized for the (B) over bar (0)), where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and normalization-mode-related. C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Prudent, X.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Tico, J. Garra; Grauges, E.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Lopez, L.; Palano, A.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Eigen, G.; Stugu, B.; Sun, L.] Univ Bari, Dipartmento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Abrams, G. S.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D. N.; Button-Shafer, J.; Cahn, R. N.; Groysman, Y.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kadyk, J. A.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Kukartsev, G.; Pegna, D. Lopes; Lynch, G.; Mir, L. 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[Albert, J.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bhuyan, B.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Harrison, P. F.; Ilic, J.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Dasu, S.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Wu, S. L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Neal, H.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Valencia, CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Peruzzi, I. M.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Fabozzi, F.] Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Carpinelli, M.] Univ Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy. [Martinez-Vidal, F.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), CNRS, IN2P3, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; White, Ryan/E-2979-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009 OI Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; White, Ryan/0000-0003-3589-5900; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X NR 23 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 021801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.021801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200017 ER PT J AU Baily, SA Maiorov, B Zhou, H Balakirev, FF Jaime, M Foltyn, SR Civale, L AF Baily, S. A. Maiorov, B. Zhou, H. Balakirev, F. F. Jaime, M. Foltyn, S. R. Civale, L. TI Smectic vortex phase in optimally doped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) thin films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; COATED CONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GLASS PHASE; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALS; LINE; DEFECTS; LATTICE AB Angular dependent resistivity measurements of optimally doped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) films in fields H pulsed to 50 T are presented. Up to the highest H, the vortex melting field H(m) increases and vortex motion is reduced for H aligned with the correlated pinning centers along the main crystalline axes, otherwise 3D anisotropic scaling describes the vortex dynamics. For H parallel to ab, the rapid increase in H(m) at low temperatures and a critical exponent analysis near H(m) confirm the presence of the liquid-crystalline smectic phase predicted for layered superconductors. C1 [Baily, S. A.; Maiorov, B.; Zhou, H.; Foltyn, S. R.; Civale, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Baily, S. A.; Maiorov, B.; Balakirev, F. F.; Jaime, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baily, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sbaily@lanl.gov RI Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; OI Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 027004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.027004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200075 PM 18232912 ER PT J AU Burch, KS Chia, EEM Talbayev, D Sales, BC Mandrus, D Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Burch, K. S. Chia, Elbert E. M. Talbayev, D. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. Taylor, A. J. Averitt, R. D. TI Coupling between an optical phonon and the Kondo effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-FERMION SYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTRON; YB14MNSB11; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RELAXATION; MANGANITES; DYNAMICS AB We explore the ultrafast optical response of Yb(14)MnSb(11), providing further evidence that this compound is the first d-electron, ferromagnetic, underscreened Kondo lattice. These results also provide the first demonstration of coupling between an optical phonon mode and the Kondo effect. C1 [Burch, K. S.; Chia, Elbert E. M.; Talbayev, D.; Taylor, A. J.; Averitt, R. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sales, B. C.; Mandrus, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burch, KS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kburch@lanl.gov RI Talbayev, Diyar/C-5525-2009; Chia, Elbert/B-6996-2011; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; OI Talbayev, Diyar/0000-0003-3537-1656; Chia, Elbert/0000-0003-2066-0834; Burch, Kenneth/0000-0002-7541-0245 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 026409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.026409 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200062 PM 18232899 ER PT J AU Duan, HY Fuller, GM Carlson, J Qian, YZ AF Duan, Huaiyu Fuller, George M. Carlson, J. Qian, Yong-Zhong TI Flavor evolution of the neutronization neutrino burst from an O-Ne-Mg core-collapse supernova SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE SUPERNOVAE; II-P SUPERNOVAE; OSCILLATIONS; MATTER; STARS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PHYSICS AB We present results of 3-neutrino flavor evolution simulations for the neutronization burst from an O-Ne-Mg core-collapse supernova. We find that nonlinear neutrino self-coupling engineers a single spectral feature of stepwise conversion in the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy case and in the normal mass hierarchy case, a superposition of two such features corresponding to the vacuum neutrino mass-squared differences associated with solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations. These neutrino spectral features offer a unique potential probe of the conditions in the supernova environment and may allow us to distinguish between O-Ne-Mg and Fe core-collapse supernovae. C1 [Duan, Huaiyu; Fuller, George M.] Univ Washington, Inst Nucl, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fuller, George M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Carlson, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Qian, Yong-Zhong] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Duan, HY (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Nucl, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 38 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 021101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.021101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200009 PM 18232846 ER PT J AU Fuchs, O Zharnikov, M Weinhardt, L Blum, M Weigand, M Zubavichus, Y Bar, M Maier, F Denlinger, JD Heske, C Grunze, M Umbach, E AF Fuchs, O. Zharnikov, M. Weinhardt, L. Blum, M. Weigand, M. Zubavichus, Y. Baer, M. Maier, F. Denlinger, J. D. Heske, C. Grunze, M. Umbach, E. TI Isotope and temperature effects in liquid water probed by x-ray absorption and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATION; SCATTERING AB High-resolution x-ray absorption and emission spectra of liquid water exhibit a strong isotope effect. Further, the emission spectra show a splitting of the 1b(1) emission line, a weak temperature effect, and a pronounced excitation-energy dependence. They can be described as a superposition of two independent contributions. By comparing with gas phase, ice, and NaOH/NaOD, we propose that the two components are governed by the initial state hydrogen bonding configuration and ultrafast dissociation on the time scale of the O 1s core hole decay. C1 [Fuchs, O.; Blum, M.; Weigand, M.; Maier, F.; Umbach, E.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Zharnikov, M.; Zubavichus, Y.; Grunze, M.] Heidelberg Univ, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Weinhardt, L.; Blum, M.; Baer, M.; Heske, C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Denlinger, J. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fuchs, O (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM oliver.fuchs@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de; michael.zharnikov@urz.uni-heidelberg.de; heske@unlv.nevada.edu RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013; Grunze, Michael/H-1600-2013; Zubavichus, Yan/A-3418-2014 OI Zubavichus, Yan/0000-0003-2266-8944 NR 26 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 027801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.027801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200091 PM 18232928 ER PT J AU Grigoriev, A Sichel, R Lee, HN Landahl, EC Adams, B Dufresne, EM Evans, PG AF Grigoriev, Alexei Sichel, Rebecca Lee, Ho Nyung Landahl, Eric C. Adams, Bernhard Dufresne, Eric M. Evans, Paul G. TI Nonlinear piezoelectricity in epitaxial ferroelectrics at high electric fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; PIEZORESPONSE; TRANSITION; CAPACITORS; WURTZITE; STRAIN; OXIDES; ORIGIN; INN AB Nonlinear effects in the coupling of polarization with elastic strain have been predicted to occur in ferroelectric materials subjected to high electric fields. Such predictions are tested here for a PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 ferroelectric thin film at electric fields in the range of several hundred MV/m and strains reaching up to 2.7%. The piezoelectric strain exceeds predictions based on constant piezoelectric coefficients at electric fields from approximately 200 to 400 MV/m, which is consistent with a nonlinear effect predicted to occur at corresponding piezoelectric distortions. C1 [Grigoriev, Alexei; Sichel, Rebecca; Evans, Paul G.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lee, Ho Nyung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Landahl, Eric C.; Adams, Bernhard; Dufresne, Eric M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grigoriev, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 1509 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Landahl, Eric/A-1742-2010; Evans, Paul/A-9260-2009; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012 OI Evans, Paul/0000-0003-0421-6792; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975 NR 22 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 027604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.027604 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200090 PM 18232927 ER PT J AU Kowalski, H Lappi, T Venugopalan, R AF Kowalski, H. Lappi, T. Venugopalan, R. TI Nuclear enhancement of universal dynamics of high parton densities SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SMALL-X; DIFFRACTION DISSOCIATION; COLOR GLASS; SATURATION; QCD; DIS AB We show that the enhancement of the saturation scale in large nuclei relative to the proton is significantly influenced by the effects of quantum evolution and the impact parameter dependence of dipole cross sections in high energy QCD. We demonstrate that there is a strong A dependence in diffractive deeply inelastic scattering and discuss its sensitivity to the measurement of the recoil nucleus. C1 [Kowalski, H.] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Lappi, T.; Venugopalan, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kowalski, H (reprint author), DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. NR 32 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 022303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.022303 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200022 PM 18232859 ER PT J AU Nelson, SL Gregorich, KE Dragojevic, I Garcia, MA Gates, JM Sudowe, R Nitsche, H AF Nelson, S. L. Gregorich, K. E. Dragojevic, I. Garcia, M. A. Gates, J. M. Sudowe, R. Nitsche, H. TI Lightest isotope of Bh produced via the Bi-209(Cr-52, n)(260)Bh reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT 107 AB The lightest isotope of Bh was produced in the new Bi-209(Cr-52,n)(260)Bh reaction at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-Inch Cyclotron. Positive identification was made by observation of eight correlated alpha particle decay chains in the focal plane detector of the Berkeley Gas-Filled Separator. (260)Bh decays with a 35(-9)(+19) ms half-life by alpha particle emission mainly by a group at 10.16 MeV. The measured cross section of 59(-20)(+29) pb is compared to model predictions. The influence of the N=152 and Z=108 shells on alpha decay properties is discussed. C1 [Nelson, S. L.; Gregorich, K. E.; Dragojevic, I.; Garcia, M. A.; Gates, J. M.; Sudowe, R.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nelson, S. L.; Dragojevic, I.; Garcia, M. A.; Gates, J. M.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nelson, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 022501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.022501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200023 PM 18232860 ER PT J AU Papanikolaou, S Fernandes, RM Fradkin, E Phillips, PW Schmalian, J Sknepnek, R AF Papanikolaou, Stefanos Fernandes, Rafael M. Fradkin, Eduardo Phillips, Philip W. Schmalian, Joerg Sknepnek, Rastko TI Universality of liquid-gas Mott transitions at finite temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; METAL-INSULATOR-TRANSITION; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB We explain, in a consistent manner, the set of seemingly conflicting experiments on the finite temperature Mott critical point, and demonstrate that the Mott transition is in the Ising universality class. We show that, even though the thermodynamic behavior of the system near such critical point is described by an Ising order parameter, the global conductivity can depend on other singular observables and, in particular, on the energy density. Finally, we show that in the presence of weak disorder the dimensionality of the system has crucial effects on the size of the critical region that is probed experimentally. C1 [Papanikolaou, Stefanos; Fradkin, Eduardo; Phillips, Philip W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fernandes, Rafael M.; Schmalian, Joerg; Sknepnek, Rastko] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fernandes, Rafael M.; Schmalian, Joerg; Sknepnek, Rastko] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Fernandes, Rafael M.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Fernandes, Rafael M.] Lab Nacl Luz Sincrotron, Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Papanikolaou, S (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Papanikolaou, Stefanos/C-9263-2011; Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011; Fernandes, Rafael/E-9273-2010; Fradkin, Eduardo/B-5612-2013; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; OI Papanikolaou, Stefanos/0000-0001-5239-1275; Fradkin, Eduardo/0000-0001-6837-463X; Sknepnek, Rastko/0000-0002-0144-9921 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 026408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.026408 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200061 PM 18232898 ER PT J AU Song, CY Bergstrom, R Ramunno-Johnson, D Jiang, HD Paterson, D de Jonge, MD McNulty, I Lee, JY Wang, KL Miao, JW AF Song, Changyong Bergstrom, Raymond Ramunno-Johnson, Damien Jiang, Huaidong Paterson, David de Jonge, Martin D. McNulty, Ian Lee, Jooyoung Wang, Kang L. Miao, Jianwei TI Nanoscale imaging of buried structures with elemental specificity using resonant X-ray diffraction microscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; RESOLUTION; SPECIMENS; PULSES; CELLS AB We report the first demonstration of resonant x-ray diffraction microscopy for element specific imaging of buried structures with a pixel resolution of similar to 15 nm by exploiting the abrupt change in the scattering cross section near electronic resonances. We performed nondestructive and quantitative imaging of buried Bi structures inside a Si crystal by directly phasing coherent x-ray diffraction patterns acquired below and above the Bi M-5 edge. We anticipate that resonant x-ray diffraction microscopy will be applied to element and chemical state specific imaging of a broad range of systems including magnetic materials, semiconductors, organic materials, biominerals, and biological specimens. C1 [Song, Changyong; Bergstrom, Raymond; Ramunno-Johnson, Damien; Jiang, Huaidong; Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Paterson, David] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [de Jonge, Martin D.; McNulty, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Jooyoung; Wang, Kang L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Song, CY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM miao@physics.ucla.edu RI de Jonge, Martin/C-3400-2011 NR 35 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 025504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.025504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200049 PM 18232886 ER PT J AU Tewari, S Zhang, CW Das Sarma, S Nayak, C Lee, DH AF Tewari, Sumanta Zhang, Chuanwei Das Sarma, S. Nayak, Chetan Lee, Dung-Hai TI Testable signatures of quantum nonlocality in a two-dimensional chiral p-wave superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SR2RUO4; STATISTICS; STATES AB A class of topological excitations-the odd-winding number vortices-in a spinless 2D chiral p-wave (p(x)+ip(y)) superconductor traps Majorana fermion states in the vortex cores. For a dilute gas of such vortices, the lowest energy fermionic eigenstates are intrinsically nonlocal. We predict two testable signatures of this unusual quantum nonlocality in quasiparticle tunneling experiments. We discuss why the associated teleportationlike phenomenon does not imply the violation of causality. C1 [Tewari, Sumanta; Zhang, Chuanwei; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nayak, Chetan] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Microsoft Stn Q, Santa Barbara, CA 93108 USA. [Nayak, Chetan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lee, Dung-Hai] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Dung-Hai] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tewari, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Zhang, Chuanwei/D-5005-2009; Zhang, Chuanwei/H-3571-2011; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009 OI Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X NR 27 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 027001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.027001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200072 PM 18232909 ER PT J AU Zhu, WG Zhang, ZY Kaxiras, E AF Zhu, Wenguang Zhang, Zhenyu Kaxiras, Efthimios TI Dopant-assisted concentration enhancement of substitutional Mn in Si and Ge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; FERROMAGNETISM; SPINTRONICS AB The influence of p- and n-type electronic dopants on Mn incorporation in bulk Si and Ge is studied using first-principles calculations within density functional theory. In Si, it is found that the site preference of a single Mn atom is reversed from interstitial to substitutional in the presence of a neighboring n-type dopant. In Ge, a Mn atom is more readily incorporated into the lattice when an n-type dopant is present in its immediate neighborhood, forming a stable Mn-dopant pair with both impurities at substitutional sites. A detailed analysis of the magnetic exchange interactions between such pairs reveals a new type of magnetic anisotropy in both systems. C1 [Zhu, Wenguang; Kaxiras, Efthimios] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhu, Wenguang] Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Zhu, Wenguang] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Phys, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Ctr Computat Mat, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Zhu, Wenguang] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Inst Computat Engn & Sci, Ctr Computat Mat, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Zhu, Wenguang; Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhu, Wenguang; Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhu, WG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Zhu, Wenguang/F-4224-2011 OI Zhu, Wenguang/0000-0003-0819-595X NR 25 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 2 AR 027205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.027205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 252UD UT WOS:000252471200080 PM 18232917 ER PT J AU Wang, XB Yang, J Wang, LS AF Wang, Xue-Bin Yang, Jie Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Observation of entropic effect on conformation changes of complex systems under well-controlled temperature conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; HELIUM CLUSTERS; GAS-PHASE; COLD; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; ANIONS AB We report direct observation of an entropic effect in determining the folding of a linear dicarboxylate dianion with a flexible aliphatic chain [-O2C-(CH2)(6)-CO2-] by photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of temperature (18-300 K) and degree of solvation from 1 to 18 water molecules. A folding transition is observed to occur at 16 solvent water molecules at room temperature and at 14 solvent molecules below 120 K due to the entropic effect. The -O2C-(CH2)(6)-CO2-(H2O)(14) hydrated cluster exhibits interesting temperature-dependent behaviors, and its ratio of folded over linear conformations can be precisely controlled as a function of temperature. yielding the enthalpy and entropy differences between the two conformations. A folding barrier is observed at very low temperatures, resulting in kinetic trapping of the linear conformation. The current Work provides a simple model system to study the dynamics and entropic effect in complex systems and may be important for understanding the hydration and conformation changes of biological molecules. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 172 EP 175 DI 10.1021/jp711205z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 250GD UT WOS:000252287100003 PM 18154279 ER PT J AU Jiang, DE Dai, S AF Jiang, De-en Dai, Sheng TI Electronic ground state of higher acenes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; BASIS-SET; POLYACENE; PENTACENE; SEMICONDUCTORS; CIRCUITS AB We examine the electronic ground states of acenes with different numbers of fused benzene rings (up to 40) by using first principles density functional theory. Their properties are compared with those of infinite polyacene. We find that the ground state of acenes that consist of more than seven fused benzene rings is an antiferromagnetic (in other words, open-shell singlet) state, and we show that this singlet is not necessarily a diradical, because the spatially separated magnetizations for the spin-up and spin-down electrons increase with the size of the acene. For example, our results indicate that there are about four spin-up electrons localized at one zigzag edge of 20-acene. The reason that both acenes and polyacene have the antiferromagnetic ground state is due to the zigzag-shaped boundaries, which cause pi-electrons to localize and form spin orders at the edges. Both wider graphene ribbons and large rectangular-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been shown to share this amiferromagnetic ground state. Therefore, we demonstrate that the pi-electronic structures of higher acenes and polyacene are still dictated by the zigzag edges, and our results provide a consistent description of their electronic ground state. C1 [Jiang, De-en; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jiang, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jiangd@ornl.gov RI Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 58 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1021/jp0765087 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 250GD UT WOS:000252287100021 PM 18085758 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Newton, MD AF Wang, Qian Newton, Marshall D. TI Structure, energetics, and electronic coupling in the (TCNE2)(-)circle encounter complex in solution: A polarizable continuum study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID SET SUPERPOSITION ERROR; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTION ENERGY; FRAGMENT RELAXATION ENERGY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; PRECURSOR COMPLEX; SOLVENT; DIMERS; ANION; TCNE; BOND AB For the prototypical dyad (TCNE)(-)circle, previous in vacuo calculations indicate that sizable distortion of the equilibrium gas-phase structure may be required to reduce the donor/acceptor electronic coupling element (H-DA) to the solution-phase experimental estimates. We employ the polarizable continuum model (PCM) to simulate the solvation environment for several polar solvents, finding noticeable structure change associated with the promotion of charge localization due to solvation. We have extended the counterpoise (CP) correction procedure so as to include fragment relaxation energies within the PCM model, and it would be of interest to incorporate this approach into schemes for optimizing coordinates on CP-corrected energy surfaces. The calculations include face-to-face encounter geometries as well as several lateral and twist distortions of the face-to-face structures. In proceeding from vacuum to solution, the calculated stabilization energy is reduced from - 18 to -3 kcal/mol, and the calculated energy surface becomes flatter, with a somewhat larger minimum-energy separation of the monomer units (r(DA)). The corresponding minimum-energy structures are, respectively, delocalized and charge-localized. Using TD-DFT, spin-projected MP2 (PUMP2), and state-averaged two-configuration SCF (SA-TCSCF) calculations to evaluate H-DA for symmetric encounter complex geometries (models for transition-state structures) indicates that HDA has comparable magnitude in the gas phase and in solution for a given dimer structure. SA-TCSCF calculations comparing HDA based on symmetric charge-delocalized structures and their asymmetric (minimum-energy) charge-localized counterparts (at a given r(DA)) yield very similar values. Even with account taken of the energetically accessible configurations probed by the PCM calculations, the HDA values remain significantly higher than the experimental estimates inferred from solution spectra and assumption of r(DA) based on crystal data. Clearly, additional calculations based on molecular-level solvent models would be of value in helping to characterize the intermolecular structures accessible to the encounter complex in polar solution. C1 [Wang, Qian; Newton, Marshall D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wang, Q (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 EI 1520-5207 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 568 EP 576 DI 10.1021/jp0753528 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250GE UT WOS:000252287200042 PM 17935320 ER PT J AU Garrett, MD Bowers, MJ McBride, JR Orndorff, RL Pennycook, SJ Rosenthal, SJ AF Garrett, Maria Danielle Bowers, Michael J., II McBride, James R. Orndorff, Rebecca L. Pennycook, Stephen J. Rosenthal, Sandra J. TI Band edge dynamics in CdSe nanocrystals observed by ultrafast fluorescence upconversion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; CARRIER DYNAMICS; SURFACE STOICHIOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; SIZE; EXCITON; NANOPARTICLES; NANOCLUSTERS AB Fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy has been performed on high-quality, low size dispersion CdSe nanocrystals synthesized using the CdO precursor with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide and hexadecylamine cosurfactants. These measurements reveal that an increase in nanocrystal diameter, from 25 to 60 angstrom, is accompanied by an increase in both the short-lived (tau(1)) and long-lived (tau(2)) components of the fluorescence lifetime at the band edge. The increase in tau(1) is explained by the decrease in accessible trap sites through a reduction in surface-to-volume ratio. The addition of hexadecylamine as a cosolvent, through interaction with dangling selenium bonds on the nanocrystal surface, is shown to increase tau(1), as compared to nanocrystals synthesized only in tri-n-octylphosphine oxide. These results indicate that carrier dynamics are preparation dependent. C1 [Garrett, Maria Danielle; Bowers, Michael J., II; McBride, James R.; Orndorff, Rebecca L.; Rosenthal, Sandra J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Stevenson Ctr 7330, Stn B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pennycook, Stephen J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rosenthal, Sandra J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Rosenthal, SJ (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Stevenson Ctr 7330, Stn B 351822, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM sandra.j.rosenthal@vanderbilt.edu RI McBride, James/D-2934-2012 OI McBride, James/0000-0003-0161-7283 NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 2 BP 436 EP 442 DI 10.1021/jp7099306 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 250GF UT WOS:000252287300018 ER PT J AU Boncella, JM AF Boncella, James M. TI Inorganic chemistry - Uranium gets a reaction SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID URANYL-ION; ANALOGS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Applicat & Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boncella, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Applicat & Phys Div, POB 1663,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM boncella@lanl.gov OI Boncella, James/0000-0001-8393-392X NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7176 BP 250 EP 252 DI 10.1038/451250a PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 252FJ UT WOS:000252432100021 PM 18202628 ER PT J AU Fransson, J Zhu, JX AF Fransson, Jonas Zhu, Jian-Xin TI Spin dynamics in a tunnel junction between ferromagnets SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; MICROSCOPY; SILICON; STM AB The dynamics of a single spin embedded in the tunnel junction (quantum point contact) between ferromagnets is addressed. Using the Keldysh technique, we derive a quantum Langevin equation. As a consequence of the spin-polarization in the leads, the spin displays a rich and unusual dynamics. Parallel configured and equally strong magnetic moments in the leads yield an ordinary spin precession with a Larmor frequency given by the effective magnetic field. Unequal and/or non-parallel configured magnetization, however, causes nutation of the spin in addition to the precession. Our predictions may be directly tested for macroscopic spin clusters. C1 [Fransson, Jonas; Zhu, Jian-Xin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fransson, Jonas] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fransson, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkfransson@gmail.com; jxzhu@lanl.gov RI Fransson, Jonas/A-9238-2009; OI Zhu, Jianxin/0000-0001-7991-3918 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 10 AR 013017 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/1/013017 PG 9 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 261MS UT WOS:000253084000009 ER PT J AU Sun, X AF Sun, X. TI Jet re-heating and its thermal model prediction at RHIC SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE jet re-heating ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; CHEMICAL EQUILIBRATION; PARTICLE RATIOS; SPS AB This study shows a new effect caused by jet in heavy ion collision. That is high energy particle will heat and disorder the equilibration process of the region through which it passes. The observable signals of this effect are predicted by thermal model calculation at RHIC energy. The expectation is consistent with preliminary experiment data. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Sun, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Sun, X.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. EM xsun@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 659 IS 1-2 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.10.066 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 258OU UT WOS:000252878000023 ER PT J AU Celardo, GL Izrailev, FM Zelevinsky, VG Berman, GP AF Celardo, G. L. Izrailev, F. M. Zelevinsky, V. G. Berman, G. P. TI Transition from isolated to overlapping resonances in the open system of interacting fermions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CHAOTIC SCATTERING; STATISTICAL-THEORY; NUCLEAR REACTIONS; RANDOM MATRICES; UNIFIED THEORY; S-MATRIX; QUANTUM; FLUCTUATIONS; PHYSICS; STATES AB We study the statistical properties of resonance widths and spacings in an open system of interacting fermions. At the transition between isolated and overlapping resonances, a radical change in the width distribution occurs with segregation of broad ("super-radiant") and narrow ("trapped") states. Our main interest is to reveal how this transition is influenced by the onset of chaos in the internal dynamics regulated by the strength of random two-body interaction. In the transitional region, the width distribution and its variance, as well as the distribution of spacings between resonances are strongly affected by internal chaos. The results may be applied to the analysis of neutron cross sections, as well as in the physics of mesoscopic devices with strongly interacting electrons. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Celardo, G. L.; Izrailev, F. M.] Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Puebla 72570, Mexico. [Izrailev, F. M.; Zelevinsky, V. G.] Michigan State Univ, NSCL, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Izrailev, F. M.; Zelevinsky, V. G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Berman, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Berman, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Izrailev, FM (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal J-48, Puebla 72570, Mexico. EM felix.izrailev@gmail.com RI celardo, giuseppe/J-3629-2015 OI celardo, giuseppe/0000-0002-3679-1954 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 659 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.11.044 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 258OU UT WOS:000252878000026 ER PT J AU Cloet, IC Bentz, W Thomas, AW AF Cloet, I. C. Bentz, W. Thomas, A. W. TI Transversity quark distributions in a covariant quark-diquark model SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID Q(2) EVOLUTION-EQUATIONS; ODD PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTENDED NJL MODEL; JONA-LASINIO MODEL; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; LEADING ORDER; STATIC PROPERTIES; FADDEEV APPROACH; DYNAMICAL MODEL; NUCLEAR-MATTER AB Transversity quark light-cone momentum distributions are calculated for the nucleon. We utilize a modified Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in which confinement is simulated by eliminating unphysical thresholds for nucleon decay into quarks. The nucleon bound state is obtained by solving the relativistic Faddeev equation in the quark-diquark approximation, where both scalar and axial-vector diquark channels are included. Particular attention is paid to comparing our results with the recent experimental extraction of the transversity distributions by Anselmino et al. We also compare our transversity results with earlier spin-independent and helicity quark distributions calculated in the same approach. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cloet, I. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bentz, W.] Tokai Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan. [Thomas, A. W.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Thomas, A. W.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Cloet, IC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM icloet@anl.gov; bentz@keyaki.cc.u-tokai.ac.jp; awthomas@jlab.org RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 47 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 17 PY 2008 VL 659 IS 1-2 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.071 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 258OU UT WOS:000252878000033 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Holder, GD Warzinski, RP AF Zhang, Yi Holder, Gerald D. Warzinski, Robert P. TI Phase equilibrium in two-phase, water-rich-liquid, hydrate systems: Experiment and theory SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS HYDRATE; LATTICE DISTORTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CO2 SOLUBILITY; IMPROVED MODEL; STABILITY; CO2-HYDRATE; MOLECULES; MIXTURES C1 [Zhang, Yi; Holder, Gerald D.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Warzinski, Robert P.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, US Dept Energy, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Warzinski, RP (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, 1249 Benedum Engn Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM Robert.Warzinski@netl.doe.gov OI Holder, Gerald/0000-0001-8890-794X NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN 16 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 2 BP 459 EP 469 DI 10.1021/ie070846c PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 250HU UT WOS:000252291400020 ER PT J AU Bud'ko, SL Frederick, JC Mun, ED Canfield, PC Schmiedeshoff, GM AF Bud'ko, S. L. Frederick, J. C. Mun, E. D. Canfield, P. C. Schmiedeshoff, G. M. TI Thermal expansion, heat capacity and magnetostriction of RAl(3) (R = Tm, Yb, Lu) single crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITY; YBAL3; TMAL3; GROWTH; METALS; ERAL3 AB We present thermal expansion and longitudinal magnetostriction data for cubic RAl(3) ( R = Tm, Yb, Lu) single crystals. The thermal expansion coefficient for YbAl(3) is consistent with an intermediate valence of the Yb ion, whereas the data for TmAl(3) show crystal electric field contributions and have strong magnetic field dependences. de Haas-van Alphen like oscillations were observed in the magnetostriction data for YbAl(3) and LuAl(3), several new extreme orbits were measured and their effective masses were estimated. Specific heat data taken at 0 and 140 kOe for both LuAl(3) and TmAl(3) for T <= 200 K allow for the determination of a crystal electric field splitting scheme for TmAl(3). C1 [Bud'ko, S. L.; Frederick, J. C.; Mun, E. D.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Frederick, J. C.; Mun, E. D.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schmiedeshoff, G. M.] Occidental Coll, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. RP Bud'ko, SL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 16 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 AR 025220 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/02/025220 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 259EN UT WOS:000252922000027 ER PT J AU Sinitsyn, NA AF Sinitsyn, N. A. TI Semiclassical theories of the anomalous Hall effect SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Review ID FERROMAGNETIC (III,MN)V SEMICONDUCTORS; SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION; WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS; SIDE-JUMP MECHANISM; BERRY-PHASE; MAGNETOTRANSPORT; CONDUCTIVITY; SCATTERING; TRANSPORT; FORCE AB Recently, the semiclassical theory of the anomalous Hall effect induced by the Berry curvature in Bloch bands has been introduced. The theory operates only with gauge invariant concepts that have a simple semiclassical interpretation and provides a clear distinction among various contributions to the Hall current. While the construction of such an approach to the anomalous Hall effect problem has been long sought, only the new semiclassical theory demonstrated the agreement with quantitative results of rigorous approaches based on the Green function techniques. The purpose of this work is to review the semiclassical approach including the early ideas and the recent achievements. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Comp, Comp & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sinitsyn, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Comp, Comp & Stat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sinitsyn, nikolai/B-5617-2009 NR 95 TC 137 Z9 137 U1 14 U2 48 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 16 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 2 AR 023201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/02/023201 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 259EN UT WOS:000252922000007 ER PT J AU Sarangi, R York, JT Helton, ME Fujisawa, K Karlin, KD Tolman, WB Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Sarangi, Ritimukta York, John T. Helton, Matthew E. Fujisawa, Kiyoshi Karlin, Kenneth D. Tolman, William B. Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI X-ray absorption spectroscopic and theoretical studies on (L)(2)[Cu-2(S-2)n](2+) complexes: Disulfide versus disulfide(center dot 1-) bonding SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BLUE COPPER SITE; CU-Z CLUSTER; K-EDGE; ELEMENTAL SULFUR; BASIS-SET; METAL; COVALENCY; LIGAND; STATE; PROBE AB Cu K-, Cu L-, and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) data have been combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations on [{(TMPA)Cu}(2)S-2](CIO4)(2) (1), [{Cu[HB(3,5-Pr(2)(i)pz)(3)]}(2)(S-2)] (2), and [{(TMEDA)Cu}(2)(S-2)(2)](OTf)(2) (3) to obtain a quantitative description of their ground state wavefunctions. The. Cu L-edgeintensities give 63 and 37% Cu d-character in the ground state of 1 and 2, respectively, whereas the S K-pre-edge intensities reflect 20 and 48% S character in their ground states, respetively. These data indicate a more than 2-fold increase in the total disulfide bonding character in 2 relative to 1. The increase in the number of Cu-S bonds in 2 (mu-n(2):n(2) S-2(2-) bridge) compared to 1 ((mu-n(1):n(1) S-2(2-) bridge) dominantly determines the large increase in covalency and Cu-disulfide bond strength in 2. Cu K- and L- and S K-pre-edge energy positions directly demonstrate the Cu-II/(S-2(-))(2) nature of 3. The two disulfide(center dot 1-)'s in 3 undergo strong bonding interactions that destabilize the resultant filled antibonding pi* orbitals of the (S-2(-))(2) fragment relative to the Cu 3d levels. This leads to an inverted bonding scheme in 3 with dominantly ligand-based holes in its ground state, consistent with its description as a dicopper(II)bis-disulfide(center dot 1-)complex. C1 [Sarangi, Ritimukta; Hodgson, Keith O.; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hodgson, Keith O.; Hedman, Britt] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [York, John T.; Tolman, William B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Ctr Met Biocatalysis, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Helton, Matthew E.; Karlin, Kenneth D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Fujisawa, Kiyoshi] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Dept Chem, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM edward.solomon@stanford.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001209, P41 RR001209-29, RR-01209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-31450, R01 DK031450, R37 DK031450, R37 DK031450-27]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM028962, GM-28962, GM-47365, R01 GM028962, R01 GM047365, R37 GM028962-22, R37 GM047365] NR 53 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 16 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 BP 676 EP 686 DI 10.1021/ja0762745 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 250IF UT WOS:000252292500063 PM 18076173 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Yazdy, MM Frias, JL Honein, MA AF Rasmussen, Sonia A. Yazdy, Mahsa M. Frias, Jaime L. Honein, Margaret A. TI Priorities for Public Health Research on Craniosynostosis: Summary and recommendations from a centers for disease control and prevention-sponsored meeting SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE cranial suture; epidemiology; public health; surgery; psychology; genetics; research priorities ID SINGLE-SUTURE CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; NONSYNDROMIC CORONAL CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; SAGITTAL SYNOSTOSIS; INTRACRANIAL-PRESSURE; RISK-FACTORS; CRANIOFACIAL SYNOSTOSIS; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; 20-YEAR EXPERIENCE; UNSOLVED PROBLEMS; CLINICAL FINDINGS AB On June 8-9, 2006, the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held a meeting entitled "Prioritizing a Public Health Research Agenda for Craniosynostosis". The meeting goals were to review current knowledge in the area, discuss research gaps, and identify future priorities for public health research. Participants with a broad range of expertise (including clinical and molecular genetics, cranial morphology, epidemiology, pediatrics, psychology, public health, and surgery) contributed to the development of the research agenda. Meeting participants were asked to consider public health significance and feasibility when identifying areas of priority for future public health research. Participants identified several priorities, including the need to better delineate the prevalence and phenotype of craniosynostosis (CS); to identify factors important in the causation of CS (including potentially modifiable environmental risk factors as well as genes involved in isolated CS and gene-gene and gene -environment interactions); and to better understand short- and long-term outcomes of CS (e.g., surgical, neurocognitive and neuropsychological outcomes, psychological adjustment, and social relationships) and issues related to clinical care that Could affect those outcomes. The need for improved collaboration among clinical treatment centers and standardization of data collection to address these priorities was emphasized. These priorities will be used to guide future public health research on CS. published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 [Rasmussen, Sonia A.; Yazdy, Mahsa M.; Frias, Jaime L.; Honein, Margaret A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Difects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Yazdy, Mahsa M.] ORISE, Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Frias, Jaime L.] McKing Consulting Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Difects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skr9@cdc.gov OI Yazdy, Mahsa/0000-0002-7415-5350 NR 78 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 146A IS 2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.32106 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 248EJ UT WOS:000252134400002 PM 18080327 ER PT J AU Mouffouk, F Chishti, Y Jin, QL Rosa, ME Rivera, M Dasa, S Chen, LH AF Mouffouk, Fouzi Chishti, Yasmin Jin, Qiaoling Rosa, Michelle E. Rivera, Melixa Dasa, Siva Chen, Liaohai TI Polymeric micelle-based bioassay with femtomolar sensitivity SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE detection assay; polymeric micelle ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PROGENITOR CELLS; OVARIAN-CANCER; DRUG-DELIVERY; BEHAVIOR; STEM AB Target-specific polymeric micelles loaded with fluorescence dye molecules in their hydrophobic cores were made from block copolymer of poly=(caprolactones)(23)-b-polyethylene oxide)(45). It was found that the micelles are stable against pH changes from pH 2 to 12 and temperature variation up to 65 C. The dye molecules can be released to the solution on exposing the micelles to organic solvents or ultrasound. A rapid and highly sensitive immunoassay based on the above micelles was developed, and the assay can detect specific target proteins in the femtomolar range from complex biological samples such as serum mimics and cell lysate. For example, less than 0.15 U/ml of ovarian cancer-specific antigen 125, equivalent to 7.5 x 10(-15) M, can be reliably detected in solution. We also demonstrated that the assay can detect a cell surface biomarker, stage-specific embryonic antigen 4, from a single human embryonic stem cell. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All righlts reserved. C1 [Mouffouk, Fouzi; Dasa, Siva; Chen, Liaohai] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Mouffouk, Fouzi; Chishti, Yasmin; Jin, Qiaoling; Chen, Liaohai] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rosa, Michelle E.; Rivera, Melixa] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Chen, LH (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM lhchen@anl.gov FU NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS047719, R01 NS047719-04] NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2007.09.024 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 243NT UT WOS:000251805300002 PM 18005929 ER PT J AU Faulon, JL Misra, M Martin, S Sale, K Sapra, R AF Faulon, Jean-Loup Misra, Milind Martin, Shawn Sale, Ken Sapra, Rajat TI Genome scale enzyme-metabolite and drug-target interaction predictions using the signature molecular descriptor SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; EXTENDED VALENCE SEQUENCES; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AB Motivation: Identifying protein enzymatic or pharmacological activities are important areas of research in biology and chemistry. Biological and chemical databases are increasingly being populated with linkages between protein sequences and chemical structures. There is now sufficient information to apply machine-learning techniques to predict interactions between chemicals and proteins at a genome scale. Current machine-learning techniques use as input either protein sequences and structures or chemical information. We propose here a method to infer proteinchemical interactions using heterogeneous input consisting of both protein sequence and chemical information. Results: Our method relies on expressing proteins and chemicals with a common cheminformatics representation. We demonstrate our approach by predicting whether proteins can catalyze reactions not present in training sets. We also predict whether a given drug can bind a target, in the absence of prior binding information for that drug and target. Such predictions cannot be made with current machine-learning techniques requiring binding information for individual reactions or individual targets. C1 [Faulon, Jean-Loup; Misra, Milind] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biosci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Martin, Shawn] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Informat & Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sale, Ken; Sapra, Rajat] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Faulon, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Biosci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jfaulon@sandia.gov NR 35 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm580 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 253DI UT WOS:000252498500011 PM 18037612 ER PT J AU Tsouris, C Weatherley, L AF Tsouris, Costas Weatherley, Laurence TI Process intensification and innovation process (PI)2 conference II - Cleaner, sustainable, efficient technologies for the future - Christchurch, New Zealand, September 24-29, 2006 - Foreword SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Weatherley, Laurence] Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Weatherley, L (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM lweather@ku.edu RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2007.07.082 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240NC UT WOS:000251593300001 ER PT J AU Szymcek, P McCallum, SD Taboada-Serrano, P Tsouris, C AF Szymcek, Phillip McCallum, Scott D. Taboada-Serrano, Patricia Tsouris, Costas TI A pilot-scale continuous-jet hydrate reactor SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Process Intensification and Innovation Process Conference CY SEP 24-29, 2006 CL Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND DE gas hydrate reactor; carbon dioxide hydrate; ocean carbon sequestration ID OCEAN CARBON SEQUESTRATION; CO2 HYDRATE; LIQUID CO2; STATIC MIXER; DROPLET; WATER AB A three-phase, pilot-scale continuous-jet hydrate reactor (CJHR) has been developed for the production of gas hydrates. The reactor receives water and a hydrate-forming species to produce the solid gas hydrate. The CJHR has been tested for the production Of CO2 hydrate for the purpose of ocean carbon sequestration. Formation of CO2 hydrate was investigated using various reactor/injector designs in a 72-1 high-pressure vessel. Designs of the CJHR varied from single-capillary to multiple-capillary injectors that dispersed (1) liquid CO2 into water or (2) water into liquid CO2. The novel injector is designed to improve the dispersion of one reactant into the other and, thus, eliminate mass transfer barriers that negatively affect conversion. An additional goal was an increase in production rates of two orders of magnitude. The designed injectors were tested in both distilled and saline water. Hydrate production experiments were conducted at different CO2 and water flow rates and for pressures and temperatures equivalent to intermediate ocean depths (1100-1700 m). The pilot-scale reactor with the novel injection system successfully increased hydrate production rates and efficiency. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Szymcek, Phillip; McCallum, Scott D.; Taboada-Serrano, Patricia; Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tsourisc@ornl.gov RI Taboada-Serrano, Patrica/F-4745-2012; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1385-8947 J9 CHEM ENG J JI Chem. Eng. J. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 135 IS 1-2 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.029 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 240NC UT WOS:000251593300011 ER PT J AU Braun, A Huggins, FE Kubatova, A Wirick, S Maricq, MM Mun, BS McDonald, JD Kelly, KE Shah, N Huffman, GP AF Braun, A. Huggins, F. E. Kubatova, A. Wirick, S. Maricq, M. M. Mun, B. S. McDonald, J. D. Kelly, K. E. Shah, N. Huffman, G. P. TI Toward distinguishing woodsmoke and diesel exhaust in ambient particulate matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INNER-SHELL SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY MICROSCOPY; WOOD SMOKE; NEXAFS SPECTROSCOPY; AIR-POLLUTION; CARBON SPECIATION; SOOT; AEROSOL; REDUCTION; EMISSIONS AB Particulate matter (PM) from biomass burning and diesel exhaust has distinct X-ray spectroscopic, carbon specific signatures, which can be employed for source apportionment. Characterization of the functional groups of a wide selection of PM samples (woodsmoke, diesel soot, urban air PM) was carried out using the soft X-ray spectroscopy capabilities at the synchrotron radiation sources in Berkeley (ALS) and Brookhaven (NSLS). The spectra reveal that diesel exhaust particulate (DIP) matter is made up from a semigraphitic solid core and soluble organic matter, predominantly with carboxylic functional groups. Woodsmoke PM has no or a less prevalent, graphitic signature, instead it contains carbon-hydroxyl groups. Using these features to apportion the carbonaceous PM in ambient samples we estimate that the relative contribution of DEP to ambient PM in an urban area such as Lexington, KY and St. Louis, MO is 7% and 13.5%, respectively. These values are comparable to dispersion modeling data from nonurban and urban areas in California, and with elemental carbon measurements in urban locations such as Boston, MA, Rochester, NY, and Washington, DC. C1 [Braun, A.; Huggins, F. E.; Shah, N.; Huffman, G. P.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Braun, A.; Huggins, F. E.; Shah, N.; Huffman, G. P.] Univ Kentucky, CFFS, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Braun, A.] Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Kubatova, A.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Kubatova, A.] Univ N Dakota, EERC, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Wirick, S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wirick, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Maricq, M. M.] Ford Motor Co, Res & Adv Engn, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. [Mun, B. S.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mun, B. S.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ansan 426791, Kyunggi Do, South Korea. [McDonald, J. D.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Natl Environm Resp Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Kelly, K. E.] Univ Utah, Dept Chem & Fuels Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Braun, A (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch RI Huggins, Frank/A-8861-2009; BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009; OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774; Kelly, Kerry/0000-0002-2232-3092; Kubatova, Alena/0000-0002-2318-5883 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 374 EP 380 DI 10.1021/es071260k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250RL UT WOS:000252317700012 PM 18284133 ER PT J AU Vanhulle, S Trovaslet, M Enaud, E Lucas, M Taghavi, S Van Der Lelie, D Van Aken, B Foret, M Onderwater, RCA Wesenberg, D Agathos, SN Schneider, YJ Corbisier, AM AF Vanhulle, Sophie Trovaslet, Marie Enaud, Estelle Lucas, Mathias Taghavi, Safiyh Van Der Lelie, Daniel Van Aken, Benoit Foret, Magali Onderwater, Rob C. A. Wesenberg, Dirk Agathos, Spiros N. Schneider, Yves-Jacques Corbisier, Anne-Marie TI Decolorization, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity reduction during a combined ozonation/fungal treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEXTILE EFFLUENT; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TOXICITY; DEGRADATION; DEHYDROGENASE; REMEDIATION; WASTEWATERS; ACTIVATION; ENZYMES; FUNGUS AB In view of compliance with increasingly stringent environmental legislation imposed by regional, national, and supranational (e.g., European Union) authorities, innovative environmental technologies for the treatment of dye-contaminated effluents are necessary in the color industry. In this study, effluents of an industrial dye producer were subjected to distinct treatment trains following an initial qualitative characterization. The effectiveness of ozonation and a treatment using white rot fungi (WRF) and their enzymes were compared with respect to parameters such as residual color, toxicity on human cells, and genotoxicity. A combined ozonation/WRF process was also investigated. The effluent exhibited significant toxicity that was reduced by only 10% through ozonation, whereas the fungal treatment achieved a 35% reduction. A combined treatment (ozone/ WRF) caused an abatement of the toxicity by more than 70%. In addition, the initial genotoxicity of the effluent was still present after the ozone treatment, while it was completely removed through the fungal treatment. C1 [Vanhulle, Sophie; Trovaslet, Marie; Enaud, Estelle; Lucas, Mathias; Corbisier, Anne-Marie] Univ Catholique Louvain, Microbiol Unit, BE-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Taghavi, Safiyh; Van Der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Van Aken, Benoit] W Virginia Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Foret, Magali; Onderwater, Rob C. A.] Wetlands Engn SPRL, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Wesenberg, Dirk; Agathos, Spiros N.] Univ Catholique Louvain, Bioengn Unit, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Schneider, Yves-Jacques] Univ Catholique Louvain, Inst Sci Vie, Cell Biochem Lab, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. RP Vanhulle, S (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Microbiol Unit, Croix Sud 3 Box 6, BE-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM vanhulle@mbla.ucl.ac.be NR 40 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 2 BP 584 EP 589 DI 10.1021/es071300k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 250RL UT WOS:000252317700045 PM 18284166 ER PT J AU Li, L Steefel, CI Yang, L AF Li, Li Steefel, Carl I. Yang, Li TI Scale dependence of mineral dissolution rates within single pores and fractures SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-WEATHERING RATES; CRYSTALLINE FE(III) OXIDE; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; SILICATE MINERALS; POROUS-MEDIA; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; ROCK INTERACTIONS; BIOGENIC FE(II); SURFACE-AREA; FREE-ENERGY AB The possibility that gradients in concentration may develop within single pores and fractures, potentially giving rise to scale-dependent mineral dissolution rates, was investigated with experimentally validated reactive transport modeling. Three important subsurface mineral phases that dissolve at widely different rates, calcite, plagioclase, and iron hydroxide, were considered. Two models for analyzing mineral dissolution kinetics within. a single pore were developed: (1) a Poiseuille Flow model that applies laboratory-measured dissolution kinetics at the pore or fracture wall and couples this to a rigorous treatment of both advective and diffusive transport within the pore, and (2) a Well-Mixed Reactor model that assumes complete mixing within the pore, while maintaining the same reactive surface area, average flow rate, geometry, and multicomponent chemistry as the Poiseuille Flow model. For the case of a single fracture, a ID Plug Flow Reactor model was also considered to quantify the effects of longitudinal versus transverse mixing. Excellent agreement was obtained between results from the Poiseuille Flow model and microfluidic laboratory experiments in which pH 4 and 5 solutions were flowed through a single 500 mu m diameter by 4000 mu m long cylindrical pore in calcite. The numerical modeling and time scale analysis indicated that rate discrepancies arise primarily where concentration gradients develop under two necessary conditions: (1) comparable rates of reaction and advective transport, and (2) incomplete mixing via molecular diffusion. For plagioclase and iron hydroxide, the scaling effects are negligible at the single pore and fracture scale because of their slow rates. In the case of calcite, where dissolution rates are rapid, scaling effects can develop at high flow rates from 0.1 to 1000 cm/s and for fracture lengths less than I cm. Under more normal flow conditions where flow is usually slower than 0.001 cm/s, however, mixing via molecular diffusion is effective in homogenizing the concentration field, thus eliminating any discrepancies between the Poiscuille Flow and the Well-Mixed Reactor model. The analysis suggests that concentration gradients are unlikely to develop within single pores and fractures under typical geological/hydrologic conditions, implying that the discrepancy between laboratory and field rates must be attributed to other factors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Li, Li; Steefel, Carl I.; Yang, Li] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lili@lbl.gov RI YANG, LI/F-9392-2010; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Li, Li/A-6077-2008 OI Li, Li/0000-0002-1641-3710 NR 71 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 2 BP 360 EP 377 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.10.027 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 253XG UT WOS:000252550300008 ER PT J AU Marin-Spiotta, E Swanston, CW Torn, MS Silver, WL Burton, SD AF Marin-Spiotta, Erika Swanston, Christopher W. Torn, Margaret S. Silver, Whendee L. Burton, Sarah D. TI Chemical and mineral control of soil carbon turnover in abandoned tropical pastures SO GEODERMA LA English DT Review DE soil organic matter; density fractionation; radiocarbon; CP MAS (13)C NMR spectroscopy; reforestation; land-use change ID SOLID-STATE C-13; ORGANIC-MATTER FRACTIONS; N-15 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; LITTER QUALITY; FOREST SOIL; LAND-USE; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; DENSITY FRACTIONS AB We investigated changes in soil carbon (C) cycling with reforestation across a long-term, replicated chronosequence of tropical secondary forests regrowing on abandoned pastures. We applied CP MAS (13)C NMR spectroscopy and radiocarbon modeling to soil density fractions from the top 10 cm to track changes in C chemistry and turnover during secondary forest establishment on former pastures. Our results showed that inter-aggregate, unattached, particulate organic C (free light fraction) and particulate C located inside soil aggregates (occluded light fraction) represent distinct soil C pools with different chemical composition and turnover rates. The signal intensity of the O-alkyl region, primarily representing carbohydrates, decreased, and alkyl C, attributed to recalcitrant waxy compounds and microbially resynthesized lipids, increased from plant litter to soil organic matter and with incorporation into soil aggregates. The alkyl/O-alkyl ratio, a common index of humification, was higher in the occluded than in the free light fraction. Greater variability in the chemical makeup of the occluded light fraction suggests that it represents material in varied stages of decomposition. Mean residence times (14 C-based) of the free light fraction were significantly shorter (4 I years) than for the heavy fraction. We report two scenarios for the occluded light fraction, one fast-cycling in which the occluded and free light fractions have similar turnover rates, and one slow-cycling, in which the occluded light fraction resembles the heavy fraction. Mean residence times of the occluded light fraction and heavy fraction in active pastures and 10-year old secondary forests in the earliest stage of succession were longer than in older secondary forests and primary forests. This is likely due to a preferential loss of physically unprotected C of more labile composition in the pastures and in the youngest successional forests, resulting in an increase in the dominance of slow-cycling C pools. Soil carbon turnover rates of the mineral-associated C in secondary forests recovering from abandoned pasture resembled those of primary forests in as little as 20 years of succession. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Marin-Spiotta, Erika; Silver, Whendee L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Swanston, Christopher W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Burton, Sarah D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Marin-Spiotta, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ems@geog.ucsb.edu RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015; OI Marin-Spiotta, Erika/0000-0001-7343-9354 NR 116 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.001 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 254KT UT WOS:000252586200005 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JL Cole, PJ Cole, SM Schroeder, JL Belcher, ME AF Lenhart, Joseph L. Cole, Phillip J. Cole, Shannon M. Schroeder, John L. Belcher, Michael E. TI Radiation tolerant polymeric films through the incorporation of small molecule dopants in the polymer matrix SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED CONDUCTIVITY; POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; DIELECTRICS AB Radiation induced conductivity (RIC) in semicrystalline polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films can be reduced by incorporating small molecule electron traps into the polymer. The electron traps contained an aromatic core with strong electron withdrawing functionality pendant to the core and were incorporated into the PET film by immersing the polymer in a solution of dopant and solvent at elevated temperatures. The chemical functionality of the electron trapping molecule and the number of pendant functional groups had a strong impact on the equilibrium doping level and the most effective doping solvent. In addition, all of the electron traps exhibited effectiveness at reducing the RIC. The technique of incorporating small molecule dopants into the polymer matrix in order to reduce the RIC can potentially be exploited with other polymers films and coatings utilized in electronics devices such as encapsulants, conformal coatings, and polymeric underfills. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lenhart, Joseph L.; Cole, Phillip J.; Cole, Shannon M.; Schroeder, John L.; Belcher, Michael E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jllenha@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 024908 DI 10.1063/1.2832755 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100107 ER PT J AU Loomis, E Swift, D AF Loomis, E. Swift, D. TI Oblique shock waves incident on an interface between two materials for general equations of state SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM AB Numerical schemes have been devised to solve the problem of an oblique shock scattering off the interface between two solid materials. The problem of a steady three-shock structure is first solved analytically using equations of state (EOS) where the shock speed and particle speed are related through a linear function. The formulation is then generalized to accept general EOS, which requires the incorporation of a more general algorithm to explore possible shock configurations based on the mechanical and thermodynamic parameters in the EOS. The correct configuration is found from the equality of pressure behind the reflected and transmitted waves as well as the equality of boundary deflection due to flow in the upper and lower halves of the three-shock structure. For the case of a reflected rarefaction in material described by general EOS, numerical integration over the release is used for accuracy where the rarefaction has a finite thickness as opposed to a discontinuous "expansion" shock. The results of these models reveal limits to the solution regimes depending only on incident shock angle, material properties (EOS), and the sense in which the incident shock is propagating (i.e., high to low or low to high impedance across the interface). Numerical simulations were run to validate the analytical models, which solved the conservation equations in a two-dimensional Eulerian sense using an operator-split finite difference method. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Loomis, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Swift, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Loomis, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM loomis@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 023518 DI 10.1063/1.2837045 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100030 ER PT J AU Ma, ZX Liu, L Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Perry, DL Yu, PY Mao, SS AF Ma, Zhixun Liu, Lei Yu, Kin Man Walukiewicz, Wladek Perry, Dale L. Yu, Peter Y. Mao, Samuel S. TI Experimental and theoretical studies on gadolinium doping in ZnTe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTORS; BAND-GAP; ALLOYS; FILMS AB We studied the effects of Gd doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnTe films grown by pulsed laser deposition. We found that a small amount of Gd doping yields a reduction in the ZnTe lattice constant with no change in the fundamental band gap of the material. When the doping level increases above 7% the lattice constant becomes more or less constant, while the band gap increases abruptly (by as much as 50 meV). Theoretical calculations based on ZnTe supercells containing either isolated defects or defect complexes show that the reduced lattice constant can be attributed to the presence of defect complexes involving substitutional Gd ions and neighboring vacancies. The insensitivity of the band gap to low Gd concentration can be explained by self-compensation of these defects, while the band-filling effect probably explains the increase in the band gap energy. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ma, Zhixun; Liu, Lei; Yu, Kin Man; Walukiewicz, Wladek; Perry, Dale L.; Yu, Peter Y.; Mao, Samuel S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssmao@lbl.gov RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 023711 DI 10.1063/1.2832403 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100045 ER PT J AU Serrano, G Serquis, A Dou, SX Soltanian, S Civale, L Maiorov, B Holesinger, TG Balakirev, F Jaime, M AF Serrano, G. Serquis, A. Dou, S. X. Soltanian, S. Civale, L. Maiorov, B. Holesinger, T. G. Balakirev, F. Jaime, M. TI SiC and carbon nanotube distinctive effects on the superconducting properties of bulk MgB2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; TRANSPORT CRITICAL-CURRENT; UPPER CRITICAL-FIELD; DOPED MGB2; ENHANCEMENT; TAPES; DEFECTS; WIRES AB This work describes in detail the simultaneous enhancement of the upper critical field (H-c2) and the critical current density (J(c)) of MgB2 bulk samples doped with nano-SiC particles, as well as single-walled and double-walled (dw) carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The magnetization properties were examined in a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, and four-probe transport measurements were performed using a 50 T pulsed magnet to determine H-c2(T). We found that the J(c) enhancement is similar in all doped samples at 5 K but nano-SiC addition is more effective to improve the flux pinning in the high temperature range (T >= 20 K); this improvement cannot solely be attributed to the C incorporation to the lattice but also to the presence of other types of defects (i.e., several kinds of nanoinclusions). CNTs produce a better C incorporation that is more effective to enhance H-c2 [i.e., dwCNT-doped samples reached a record H-c2(0)similar to 44 T value for bulk MgB2]. All the H-c2(T) curves obtained for different types of doping can be successfully described using a model for a two-gap superconductor in the dirty limit. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Serrano, G.; Serquis, A.] Ctr Atom Bariloche CONICET, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Dou, S. X.; Soltanian, S.] Univ Wollongong, Inst Superconducting & Elect Mat, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Civale, L.; Maiorov, B.; Holesinger, T. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Balakirev, F.; Jaime, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Serquis, A (reprint author), Ctr Atom Bariloche CONICET, Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. EM aserquis@cab.cnea.gov.ar RI Dou, Shi Xue/D-5179-2012; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; Soltanian, Saeid/F-6932-2015; Serquis, Adriana/L-6554-2015; OI Dou, Shi Xue/0000-0003-3824-7693; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; Serquis, Adriana/0000-0003-1499-4782; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436; Civale, Leonardo/0000-0003-0806-3113 NR 34 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 2 AR 023907 DI 10.1063/1.2832463 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 257TJ UT WOS:000252821100055 ER PT J AU Hemraj-Benny, T Bandosz, TJ Wong, SS AF Hemraj-Benny, Tirandal Bandosz, Teresa J. Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Effect of ozonolysis on the pore structure, surface chemistry, and bundling of single-walled carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; oxidation; heat treatment; adsorption; BET surface area ID SELECTIVE OXIDATION; ADSORPTION; PURIFICATION; HYDROGEN; AREA; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; POROSITY; OZONE AB An ozonolysis protocol has recently been developed that cannot only purify nanotubes but also achieve rational spatial and molecular control over chemical derivatization in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Ozonolysis likely opens end caps and introduces holes into the sidewalls of tubes, which may occur through an oxidation of carbon atoms located on the nanotube surface, resulting in the formation of oxygen-containing functional groups. Overall, it was demonstrated by analysis of nitrogen adsorption and TGA/DTG that the total surface area, micropore volume, and mesopore volume of SWCNTs depend oil several, intertwined factors including the degree of purity, surface functionality, density of surface groups, as well as the state of aggregation of the carbon tubes. Hydrogen bonding in these systems plays a role too. Data suggest that complete removal of surface functionalities would lead to a greater total surface area and higher micropore volume. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bandosz, Teresa J.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Hemraj-Benny, Tirandal; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Chem, Convent Ave 138th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM tbandosz@ccny.cuny.edu; sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 30 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 18 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 317 IS 2 BP 375 EP 382 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.09.064 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 239ZF UT WOS:000251556100002 PM 17950747 ER PT J AU Song, K Hornak, V De los Santos, C Grollman, AP Simmerling, C AF Song, Kun Hornak, Viktor De los Santos, Carlos Grollman, Arthur P. Simmerling, Carlos TI Molecular mechanics parameters for the FapydG DNA lesion SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE FapydG; formamidopyrimidine; 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-fonnamidopyrimidine; Fpg; MutM; glycosylase; DNA repair; DNA lesion ID CENTER-DOT-DG; FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINE LESIONS; SUBSTRATE DISCRIMINATION; GLYCOSYLASE; REPAIR; 8-OXOGUANINE; RECOGNITION AB FapydG is a common oxidative DNA lesion involving opening of the imidazole ring. It shares the same precursor as 8-oxodG and can be excised by the same enzymes as 8-oxodG. However, the loss of the aromatic imidazole in FapydG results in a reduction of the double bond character between C5 and N7, with an accompanying increase in conformational flexibility. Experimental characterization of FapydG is hampered by high reactivity, and thus it is desirable to investigate structural details through computer simulation. We show that the existing Amber force field parameters for FapydG do not reproduce X-ray structural data. We employed quantum mechanics energy profile calculations to derive new molecular mechanics parameters for the rotation of the dihedral angles in the eximidazole moiety. Using these parameters, all-atom simulations in explicit water reproduce the nonplanar conformation of cFapydG in the crystal structure of the complex with L. lactis glycosylase Fpg. We note that the nonplanar structure is stabilized by an acidic residue that is not present in most Fpg sequences. Simulations of the E -> S mutant, as present in E. coli, resulted in a more planar confonnation, suggesting that the highly nonplanar form observed in the crystal structure may not have direct biological relevance for FapydG. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Song, Kun; Simmerling, Carlos] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hornak, Viktor] SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr Struct Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [De los Santos, Carlos; Grollman, Arthur P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Simmerling, Carlos] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Computat Sci Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Simmerling, C (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM carlos.simmerling@stonybrook.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA047995, R01 CA017395, CA17395, P01 CA047995]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM6167803, R01 GM061678-08, R01 GM061678] NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1002/jcc.20625 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 246BA UT WOS:000251981300004 PM 17551974 ER PT J AU Altman, SJ Forsberg, AA Peplinski, WJ Ho, CK AF Altman, Susan J. Forsberg, Aleeca A. Peplinski, William J. Ho, Clifford K. TI Experimental observation of the drift shadow effect using X-ray absorption imaging SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE drift shadow; X-ray absorption; capillary barrier; radionuclide transport; Yucca mountain ID YUCCA MOUNTAIN; SEEPAGE; DIFFUSION; FRACTURE; NEVADA; FIELDS; ROCKS; LIGHT AB X-ray absorption imaging is used to test the concept of the drift shadow in geological samples. The drift shadow model predicts that water travels around underground tunnels, or drifts, leaving areas of high saturation along the sides of the drift (roof-drip lobe) and an area of low saturation beneath the drift (drift shadow). The drift shadow model could impact nuclear waste repositories designed with open tunnels, such as Yucca Mountain, by impacting the flux available to transport waste beneath the repository. However, without strong evidence for the drift shadow effect, it is difficult to justify its inclusion in performance assessment calculations. Twelve experiments were run looking at the impact of fracture aperture, inflow rate and geological heterogeneity on flow in the vicinity of a drift. Test cells of dimensions 10.1 cm x 15.0 cm x 2.5 cm were constructed using geological samples relevant to the Yucca Mountain project. A semi-circle of sample was removed from one side of the cell creating an artificial drift (assuming symmetry). An artificial fracture was created through the middle of each test cell parallel to the face of the sample. Potassium iodide tracer solution was dripped into the artificial fracture at the top of the sample. X-ray imaging allowed for visualization of the tracer flow paths over the duration of the experiment. In addition, samples were collected at the bottom of the flow cell to determine the lateral distribution of the outflow. Results showed distinct flow paths of tracer solution around the drift followed by shedding at the edge of the drift (roof-drip lobes), as predicted by the drift shadow model. In addition, the distribution of discharge under the drift supported the drift shadow model with less discharge directly under the drift and greater discharge to the side of the drift in most experiments. In the experiments with smaller fracture apertures and lower flow rates, discharge beneath the drift was greater than expected than if flow was uniformly vertical, indicating that under certain conditions some water could be carried back under the drift due to capillary action. Very low mass discharge into the drift (generally less than 1% of the inflow mass) along with the X-ray images of the tracer flow paths provide evidence that the drift is acting as a capillary barrier. X-ray imaging also showed that heterogeneities have some control on the flow paths. Experimental results such as these coupled with numerical modeling that better quantifies the effects of heterogeneities and uncertainties in input parameters may allow performance assessment calculations to include the impact of the drift shadow on radionuclide transport. If implemented, such studies could lead to improved natural barrier performance in future calculations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Altman, Susan J.; Forsberg, Aleeca A.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Peplinski, William J.] Amer Staff Augmentat Providers, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Altman, SJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800,MS0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sjaltma@sandia.gov; aleeca.forsberg@ch2m.com; wjpepli@sandia.gov; ckho@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 348 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 349 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.10.012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 256SB UT WOS:000252749000009 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Gable, CW AF Zhang, Ye Gable, Carl W. TI Two-scale modeling of solute transport in an experimental stratigraphy SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE experimental stratigraphy; hydraulic conductivity; heterogeneity; solute transport; anomalous dispersion; macrodispersion ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; ALLUVIAL AQUIFER SYSTEM; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; CONTAMINANT MIGRATION; ADVECTION-DISPERSION; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; VELOCITY-FIELDS; MASS-TRANSFER; BORDEN SITE; RANDOM-WALK AB A high-resolution non-stationary hydraulic conductivity map is generated based on an experimental stratigraphy. A heterogenous model is created, incorporating the complete conductivity variation. A hydrostratigraphic model (HSM) is also created which divides the space into discrete lithofacies units. For each unit, an equivalent conductivity is estimated using numerical up-scaling. Under a lateral hydraulic gradient, steady-state, incompressible groundwater flow experiments are conducted in both models. Within each flow field, conservative pulse-input line-source tracer is simulated. In the heterogeneous model, the tracer exhibits both scale-dependency in the observed longitudinal macrodispersivity and persistent long tailing associated with anomalous, non-Fickian dispersion. In comparison, HSM-predicted, global mean relative error of hydraulic head is 1.5%, that of groundwater flux is 0.77%. Using (small) hydrodynamic dispersivities, the HSM closely predicts the evolution of the tracer moments. A certain degree of tailing is also predicted, as this model has captured the largest scale, between-unit velocity variations. However, detailed plume shape is knot captured, nor are the arrival and tailing of the breakthrough, curves. Using macrodispersivity (both unit-specific and time-dependent), the breakthrough prediction has improved, especially the solute arrival time. Both macrodispersion models also capture the development of breakthrough asymmetry as well as power-taw tailing. However, the development of a steep front and multiple peak concentrations are not captured. Similar observations are also found for a continuous-source injection. Overall, for the chosen boundary condition, the advection-dispersion equation can be used by the lithofacies model to capture certain key aspects of the bulk flow and transport behaviors, although displacement mapping reveals that heterogeneity-induced dispersion is correlated both in time and space, a likely result of the correlated velocity field. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Ye] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gable, Carl W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, EEES 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1000 Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM ylzhang@umich.edu RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 348 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 411 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.10.017 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 256SB UT WOS:000252749000013 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Yeh, GT Parker, JC Jardine, PM AF Zhang, Fan Yeh, Gour-Tsyh Parker, Jack C. Jardine, Phitip M. TI A reaction-based river/stream water quality model: Model development and numerical schemes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rivers; streams; water quality; sediment transport; reactive transport; simulation models; chemical reactions ID TRANSPORT; RIVER; GROUNDWATER; PARADIGM; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; FUTURE AB This paper presents the conceptual and mathematical development of a numerical model of sediment and reactive chemical transport in rivers and streams. The distribution of mobile suspended sediments and immobile bed sediments is controlled by hydrologic transport as well as erosion and deposition processes. The fate and transport of water quality constituents involving a variety of chemical and physical processes is mathematically described by a system of reaction equations for immobile constituents and advective-dispersive-reactive transport equations for mobile constituents. To circumvent stiffness associated with equilibrium reactions, matrix decomposition is performed via Gauss-Jordan column reduction. After matrix decomposition, the system of water quality constituent reactive transport equations is transformed into a set of thermodynamic equations representing equilibrium reactions and a set of transport equations involving no equilibrium reactions. The decoupling of equilibrium and kinetic reactions enables robust numerical integration of the partial differential equations (PDEs) for non-equilibrium-variabtes. Solving non-equilibrium-variable transport equations instead of individual water quality constituent transport equations also reduces the number of PDEs. A variety of numerical methods are investigated for solving the mixed differential and algebraic equations. Two verification examples are compared with analytical solutions to demonstrate the correctness of the code and to illustrate the importance of employing application-dependent numerical methods to solve specific problems. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Jardine, Phitip M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yeh, Gour-Tsyh] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Parker, Jack C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangf@ornl.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 348 IS 3-4 BP 496 EP 509 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.10.020 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 256SB UT WOS:000252749000021 ER PT J AU Hindle, F Miloshova, M Bychkov, E Benmore, CJ Hannon, AC AF Hindle, F. Miloshova, M. Bychkov, E. Benmore, C. J. Hannon, A. C. TI Structural analysis of xCsCl(1-x)Ga2S3 glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE DE neutron diffraction/scattering; X-ray diffraction; glasses; chalcogenides; chalcohalides; rare-earths in glasses; short-range order ID SULFIDE GLASSES AB Sulphide glasses doped with rare-earth ions have been demonstrated to be suitable for photonic applications such as optical amplifiers, up-converters and fiber lasers. The substitution of metal halides into the glass network has been shown to result glasses with desirable properties in terms of quantum efficiency and fiber manufacture [J.R. Hector, J. Wang, D. Brady, M. Kluth, D.W. Hewak, W.S. Brocklesby, D.N. Payne, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 239 (1998) 176]. To assist in the understanding of this improvement a structural analysis of glasses with a composition xCsCl(1 - x)Ga2S3 has been undertaken in order to examine the nature of the gallium environment. Information collected by high energy X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction have been analyzed to permit the identification of the structural units as Ga centered tetrahedra. The interconnection between the tetrahedra was found to be predominantly corner sharing. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hindle, F.; Miloshova, M.; Bychkov, E.] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, CNRS, UMR 8101, Physicochim Atmosphere Lab, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. [Benmore, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hannon, A. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Hindle, F (reprint author), Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, CNRS, UMR 8101, Physicochim Atmosphere Lab, 189A Av Maurice Schumann, F-59140 Dunkerque, France. EM francis.hindle@univ-littoral.fr RI Hindle, Francis/B-3261-2009; OI Hindle, Francis/0000-0001-9925-4497; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749; Hannon, Alex/0000-0001-5914-1295 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 2-9 BP 134 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.07.031 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 258IE UT WOS:000252860800012 ER PT J AU Pantelides, ST Lu, ZY Nicklaw, C Bakos, T Rashkeev, SN Fleetwood, DM Schrimpf, RD AF Pantelides, S. T. Lu, Z. -Y. Nicklaw, C. Bakos, T. Rashkeev, S. N. Fleetwood, D. M. Schrimpf, R. D. TI The E ' center and oxygen vacancies in SiO2 SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2006 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE DE silica; E ' center; electron spin resonance; defects ID ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; AMORPHOUS SIO2; IRRADIATED QUARTZ; TRAPPED ELECTRONS; TRIPLET-STATE; SILICA; DEFECTS; MODEL AB The E' centers in crystalline and amorphous SiO2 trace their history to 1956 when Robert A. Weeks first used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to study radiation-induced defects in quartz. Since then the primary defect responsible for the E' family of EPR signals has been identified as a positively charged oxygen vacancy with asymmetric relaxations of the two neighboring Si atoms. In the last 15 years, two E' centers, known as E-gamma(') and E-delta(') have been found to play a key role in the dynamics of charged trapped caused by irradiation in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures. In this paper, we give a brief overview of E' centers and highlight recent theoretical results that have elucidated many experimental observations in MOS structures and other forms Of SiO2, as presented in an invited talk at the XI Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pantelides, S. T.; Lu, Z. -Y.; Bakos, T.; Rashkeev, S. N.; Fleetwood, D. M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Pantelides, S. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nicklaw, C.; Fleetwood, D. M.; Schrimpf, R. D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Pantelides, ST (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM pantelides@vanderbilt.edu RI Schrimpf, Ronald/L-5549-2013 OI Schrimpf, Ronald/0000-0001-7419-2701 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 2-9 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.08.080 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 258IE UT WOS:000252860800026 ER PT J AU Strachan, DM Scheele, RD Buck, EC Kozelisky, AE Sell, RL Elovich, RJ Buchmiller, WC AF Strachan, D. M. Scheele, R. D. Buck, E. C. Kozelisky, A. E. Sell, R. L. Elovich, R. J. Buchmiller, W. C. TI Radiation damage effects in candidate titanates for Pu disposition: Zirconolite SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; ACTINIDE HOST PHASES; PU-238-SUBSTITUTED ZIRCONOLITE; PLUTONIUM IMMOBILIZATION; NATURAL ZIRCONOLITE; PYROCHLORE; BRANNERITE; CAZRTI2O7; CERAMICS; TRANSFORMATION AB Results from studies of radiation-induced damage from the alpha decay Of Pu-238 on the density and crystal structure of a nominally phase-pure zirconolite and two other zirconolite-bearing ceramics are discussed. Macro and micro swelling were found to be temperature independent, whereas the density determined with He gas pycnometry was temperature dependent. Approximately 2.6 x 10(18) alpha/g were needed to render the specimens X-ray amorphous-more to saturate the swelling. Unlike pyrochlore-based ceramics, we did not observe any phase changes associated with storage temperature and damage ingrowth. The forward dissolution rate at a pH value of 2 for material containing essentially all zirconolite is 1.7(4) x 10(-3) g/(m(2) d) with very little pH dependence and no dependence on the amount of radiation-induced damage. Even after the radiation-induced swelling saturated, the specimens remained physically intact with no evidence for microcracking. Thus, the material remains physically a viable material for the disposition of surplus weapons-grade Pu. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Strachan, D. M.; Scheele, R. D.; Buck, E. C.; Kozelisky, A. E.; Sell, R. L.; Elovich, R. J.; Buchmiller, W. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strachan, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM denis.strachan@pnl.gov RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 NR 49 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 1 BP 16 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.01.278 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 264BH UT WOS:000253259700002 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Hunn, JD AF Jellison, G. E., Jr. Hunn, J. D. TI Optical anisotropy measurements of TRISO nuclear fuel particle cross-sections: The method SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED ELLIPSOMETRY; PYROCARBON COATINGS AB The analysis of two-modulator generalized ellipsometry microscope (2-MGEM) data to extract information on the optical anisotropy of coated particle fuel layers is discussed. Using a high resolution modification to the 2-MGEM, it is possible to obtain generalized ellipsometry images of coating layer cross-sections with a pixel size of 2.5 mu m and an optical resolution of similar to 4 mu m. The most important parameter that can be extracted from these ellipsometry images is the diattenuation, which can be directly related to the optical anisotropy factor (OAF or OPTAF) used in previous characterization studies of tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particles. Because high resolution images can be obtained, the data for each coating layer contains >6000 points, allowing considerable statistical analysis. This analysis has revealed that the diattenuation of the inner pyrocarbon (IPyC) and outer pyrocarbon (OPyC) coatings varies significantly throughout the layer. The 2-MGEM data can also be used to determine the principal axis angle of the pyrocarbon layers, which is nearly perpendicular to the TRISO radius (i.e., growth direction) and corresponds to the average orientation of the graphene planes. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jellison, G. E., Jr.; Hunn, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jellisongejr@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.02.008 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 264BH UT WOS:000253259700004 ER PT J AU Demkowicz, MJ Hoagland, RG AF Demkowicz, M. J. Hoagland, R. G. TI Structure of Kurdjumov-Sachs interfaces in simulations of a copper-niobium bilayer SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; NANOSCALE CU/NB MULTILAYERS; FCC-BCC BOUNDARIES; METALLIC COMPOSITES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; FILMS; STABILITY; CU AB An interfacial atomic structure that contains a strained monolayer of copper is described for copper and niobium in the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relation. The interfacial monolayer accommodates the inherent misfit between the adjoining crystals. Computer simulations using embedded-atom potentials demonstrate that the improved coordination of interface atoms in this structure can offset the energy penalty associated with creating the strained Cu monolayer sufficiently to make this interface structure energetically favorable with respect to one created by simply joining two perfect Cu and Nb crystals. Insight gained from the analysis of this novel interface structure is applied to predicting what other pairs of materials may form interfaces that lead to improved radiation damage resistance, such as that observed in CuNb multilayer thin-film composites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Demkowicz, M. J.; Hoagland, R. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Demkowicz, MJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM demkovicz@lanl.gov RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012 NR 33 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 372 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.02.001 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 264BH UT WOS:000253259700005 ER PT J AU Bu, W Vaknin, D AF Bu, Wei Vaknin, David TI Bilayer and trilayer crystalline formation by collapsing behenic acid monolayers at gas/aqueous interfaces SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LANGMUIR MONOLAYERS; REFLECTION AB X-ray reflectivities and grazing incidence X-ray diffractions of behenic acid (BA) monolayers compressed to the collapse region reveal that the resulting structures are reproducible and exhibit a high degree of order. The structures of the collapsed monolayers depend on the subphase solution. On pure water, the collapsed monolayer forms a stable crystalline trilayer structure. For monolayers spread on Ca2+ solutions, we find that an inverted bilayer structure is formed; that is, stretched BA-Ca-BA, (calcium dibehenate, with calcium ions bridging the polar headgroups) forms a monolayer with the hydrophobic tails in contact with the water surface. C1 [Bu, Wei; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bu, Wei; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bu, W (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM weibu@iastate.edu; vaknin@ameslab.gov RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009; Bu, Wei/Q-1390-2016 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248; Bu, Wei/0000-0002-9996-3733 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1021/la702107e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 249DV UT WOS:000252208200018 PM 18076194 ER PT J AU Yang, YL Wang, YD Ren, Y He, CS Deng, JN Nan, J Chen, JG Zuo, L AF Yang, Y. L. Wang, Y. D. Ren, Y. He, C. S. Deng, J. N. Nan, J. Chen, J. G. Zuo, L. TI Single-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced copper composite coatings prepared by electrodeposition under ultrasonic field SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; electrical properties; strengthening; X-ray diffraction ID NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX COMPOSITES; WEAR BEHAVIOR; LOAD-TRANSFER; ROPES; DEFORMATION; FABRICATION; TRANSPORT AB Single-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced Cu composite coatings prepared by electrochemical deposition under ultrasonic field exhibit smaller crystallite size and higher lattice micro-strain compared with a pure Cu coating. The as-deposited coatings retain a good electrical conductivity comparable to pure copper and simultaneously show a significant enhancement in mechanical properties. This indicates that the present electrochemical deposition technique can be used for preparing the carbon nanotube-reinforced metals with enhanced mechanical and functional properties. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Y. L.; Wang, Y. D.; He, C. S.; Deng, J. N.; Nan, J.; Chen, J. G.; Zuo, L.] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@mail.neu.edu.cn RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 NR 33 TC 51 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 60 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 62 IS 1 BP 47 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2007.04.086 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 241ED UT WOS:000251638800014 ER PT J AU Li, R Riester, L Watkins, TR Blau, PJ Shih, AJ AF Li, Rui Riester, Laura Watkins, Thomas R. Blau, Peter J. Shih, Albert J. TI Metallurgical analysis and nanoindentation characterization of Ti-6Al-4V workpiece and chips in high-throughput drilling SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Ti drilling; chip; phase transformation; nanoindentation ID MACHINING TITANIUM-ALLOYS; SURFACE INTEGRITY; FLOW INSTABILITY; CP TITANIUM; TOOL; MACHINABILITY; MECHANICS AB The metallurgical analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microprobe, and nanoindentation characterization are conducted to study the Ti-6Al-4V hole surface and subsurface and the chips in high-throughput drilling tests. The influence of high temperature, large strain, and high strain rate deformation on the beta -> alpha phase transformation and mechanical properties is investigated. Diffusionless beta -> alpha phase transformation in the subsurface layer adjacent to the hole surface can be observed in dry drilling, but not in other drilling conditions with the supply of cutting fluid Nanoindentation tests identify a 15-20 mu m high hardness subsurface layer with peak hardness over 9 GPa, relative to the 4-5 GPa bulk material hardness, adjacent to the hole surface in dry drilling. For drilling chips, the 0 phase is retained under all conditions tested due to rapid cooling. On the chips, the saw-tooth feature and narrow shear bands are only formed at the outmost edge and no significant change of hardness across the shear bands can be found in nanoindentation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Rui; Shih, Albert J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Riester, Laura; Watkins, Thomas R.; Blau, Peter J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shih, AJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM shiha@umich.edu RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 472 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.054 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255HP UT WOS:000252649100014 ER PT J AU Wall, JJ Fan, C Liaw, PK Choo, H AF Wall, J. J. Fan, C. Liaw, P. K. Choo, H. TI Processing Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 metallic glass containing high levels of oxygen by microalloying with erbium SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE metallic glass; glassy composite; glass stabilization; BMG processing ID LOW PURITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; IMPURITY; YTTRIUM; ALLOYS AB Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 was doped with oxygen and erbium to determine the effect of impurity oxygen and microalloying on the stability of the liquid during processing from the melt. It was established that oxygen concentrations of 5000-14,000 ppm (atomic herein) destabilized the alloy significantly, consistent with data trends seen in the literature. The oxygen containing materials crystallized into tetragonal and cubic intermetallics during processing. The highest levels of oxygen facilitated complete transformation to the cubic structure. The addition of 0-1 at.% rare-earth Er to the impure materials stabilized the liquid by the formation of anticatalyst (Er, Al)(2)O-3 dispersions, allowing the production of glassy matrix composites in the form of 6.4 mm diameter x 70 mm. rods with oxygen contents up to 16,000 ppm. Compression testing of the Er-doped samples showed that their rupture strengths varied little with Er/O content. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wall, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wall, J. J.; Fan, C.; Liaw, P. K.; Choo, H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Choo, H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wall, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwall@lanl.gov RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009 OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 472 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.025 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255HP UT WOS:000252649100015 ER PT J AU Liu, WC Radhakrishnan, B Li, Z Morris, JG AF Liu, W. C. Radhakrishnan, B. Li, Z. Morris, J. G. TI Through-thickness texture gradient in continuous cast AA 5052 aluminum alloy sheet SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE aluminum alloy; rolling; texture; recrystallization; X-ray diffraction ID COMMERCIAL PURITY ALUMINUM; DIRECT-CHILL-CAST; COLD-ROLLED DC; RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES; ROLLING TEXTURE; FCC METALS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; INHOMOGENEITY AB The development of through-thickness texture gradient during continuous cast (CC) processing of AA 5052 aluminum alloy was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The CC slab and the hot bands after each of three rolling passes were obtained from an industrial CC processing operation. The results show that a through-thickness texture gradient exists near the surface after the first pass. The subsurface layer exhibits a very weak texture, while the center layer shows the 0 fiber rolling texture. After the third pass, a strong P fiber rolling texture is obtained at different through-thickness layers. The roll-gap geometry does not produce any shear deformation at the intermediate layer. After recrystallization annealing, the through-thickness texture gradient still exists in the AA 5052 aluminum alloy sheets. As the measured position moves towards the center from the surface, the cube recrystallization texture strengthens. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, W. C.; Morris, J. G.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Radhakrishnan, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Z.] Aleris Int Inc, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. RP Liu, WC (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, 177 Anderson Hall, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. EM wcliu@engr.uky.edu NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 472 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.024 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255HP UT WOS:000252649100022 ER PT J AU Hasson, U Skipper, JI Wilde, MJ Nusbaum, HC Small, SL AF Hasson, Uri Skipper, Jeremy I. Wilde, Michael J. Nusbaum, Howard C. Small, Steven L. TI Improving the analysis, storage and sharing of neuroimaging data using relational databases and distributed computing SO NEUROIMAGE LA English DT Article ID BRAIN ACTIVITY; PERMUTATION; ACTIVATION; SCIENCE; SYSTEM; IMAGES; CORTEX; TESTS; VOXEL AB The increasingly complex research questions addressed by neuroimaging research impose substantial demands on computational infrastructures. These infrastructures need to support management of massive amounts of data in a way that affords rapid and precise data analysis, to allow collaborative research, and to achieve these aims securely and with minimum management overhead. Here we present an approach that overcomes many current limitations in data analysis and data sharing. This approach is based on open source database management systems that support complex data queries as an integral part of data analysis, flexible data sharing, and parallel and distributed data processing using cluster computing and Grid computing resources. We assess the strengths of these approaches as compared to current frameworks based on storage of binary or text files. We then describe in detail the implementation of such a system and provide a concrete description of how it was used to enable a complex analysis of fMRI time series data. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hasson, Uri; Skipper, Jeremy I.; Small, Steven L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Neurol, Chicago, IL USA. [Hasson, Uri; Skipper, Jeremy I.; Nusbaum, Howard C.; Small, Steven L.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL USA. [Wilde, Michael J.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Wilde, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. [Nusbaum, Howard C.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Cognit & Soc Neurosci, Chicago, IL USA. [Small, Steven L.] Univ Chicago, Brain Res Imaging Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. RP Hasson, U (reprint author), Univ Chicago Hosp, Div Biol Sci, Human Neurosci Lab, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM uhasson@uchicago.edu RI Hasson, Uri/C-1701-2012; Skipper, Jeremy/Q-7052-2016; OI Hasson, Uri/0000-0002-8530-5051; Skipper, Jeremy/0000-0002-5503-764X; Hasson, Uri/0000-0002-3599-7168 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [R21 DC008638, R21 DC008638-01, R21-DC008638] NR 44 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1053-8119 J9 NEUROIMAGE JI Neuroimage PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 39 IS 2 BP 693 EP 706 DI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.021 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 241CL UT WOS:000251634400015 PM 17964812 ER PT J AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, Alexei A. TI Problem of super-high-T-c superconductivity SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXCITON MECHANISM; MODEL AB A possibility of a general path for the search of "super-high-T-c" (SHT) materials is discussed. The approach is based on the idea of enhancement of the basic parameters, entering the BCS formula for T-c: the electron-phonon interaction constant, the density of states and the energy of mediating quasiparticies. The known examples of materials with a relatively high-T-c are examined. The author's idea of finding a substance forming a "crystalline excitonium" phase (1978) is presented. Since the BCS formula represents only an isotropic model, the role of anisotropy is analyzed within the author's model for high-T-c layered cuprates. The main conclusion is, that anisotropy of the spectrum and a long-ranged interaction widens the options for obtaining SHT. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abrikosov@anl.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 468 IS 2 BP 97 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2007.08.014 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 272EV UT WOS:000253843600002 ER PT J AU Logvenov, G Bozovic, I AF Logvenov, G. Bozovic, I. TI Artificial superlattices grown by MBE: Could we design novel superconductors? SO PHYSICA C-SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE molecular beam epitaxy; high-temperature superconductivity; complex oxides; artificial superlattices ID SURFACE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; STRAIN AB We review briefly the technique of atomic-layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE) that allows us to deposit atomically smooth single-crystal thin films of cuprate superconductors and various other complex oxides. We give a couple of examples showing how this technique has been used to synthesize 'artificial' high-T-c superconductors - metastable high-n members of known cuprate families or superlattices of various known (natural, stable) compounds. We also report briefly on the present status of our state-of-the-art ALL-MBE system, and suggest that this technique could be useful in search for new natural or artificial superconducting materials. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Logvenov, G.; Bozovic, I.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Logvenov, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM glogveno@bnli.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 468 IS 2 BP 100 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.physc.2007.08.013 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 272EV UT WOS:000253843600003 ER PT J AU Cotrell, DL McFadden, GB Alder, BJ AF Cotrell, D. L. McFadden, G. B. Alder, B. J. TI Instability in pipe flow SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID POISEUILLE FLOW; LINEAR-STABILITY; GROOVED CHANNELS; STEADY FLOW; VORTEX; TUBES AB The long-puzzling, unphysical result that linear stability analyses lead to no transition in pipe flow, even at infinite Reynolds number, is ascribed to the use of stick boundary conditions, because they ignore the amplitude variations associated with the roughness of the wall. Once that length scale is introduced (here, crudely, through a corrugated pipe), linear stability analyses lead to stable vortex formation at low Reynolds number above a finite amplitude of the corrugation and unsteady flow at a higher Reynolds number, where indications are that the vortex dislodges. Remarkably, extrapolation to infinite Reynolds number of both of these transitions leads to a finite and nearly identical value of the amplitude, implying that below this amplitude, the vortex cannot form because the wall is too smooth and, hence, stick boundary results prevail. C1 [Cotrell, D. L.; Alder, B. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [McFadden, G. B.] NIST, Div Math & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alder, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM alder1@llnl.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 428 EP 430 DI 10.1073/pnas.0709172104 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253XO UT WOS:000252551100008 PM 18178623 ER PT J AU Moan, J Porojnicu, AC Dahlback, A Setlow, RB AF Moan, Johan Porojnicu, Alina Carmen Dahlback, Arne Setlow, Richard B. TI Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE body mass index; cutaneous malignant melanoma; squamous cell carcinoma; ultraviolet radiation ID CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT EXPOSURE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; SOLAR-RADIATION; D INSUFFICIENCY; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER AB Solar radiation is the main cause of skin cancers. However, it also is a main source of vitamin D for humans. Because the optimal status of vitamin D protects against internal cancers and a number of other diseases, a controversy exists: Will increased sun exposure lead to net health benefits or risks? We calculated the relative yield of vitamin D photosynthesis as a function of latitude with a radiative transfer model and cylinder geometry for the human skin surface. The annual yield of vitamin D is 3.4 and 4.8 times larger below the equator than in the U.K. and Scandinavia, respectively. In populations with similar skin types, there are clear latitude gradients of all major forms of skin cancer, indicating a north-south gradient in real sun exposure. Surprisingly, the incidence rates of major internal cancers also increase from north to south. However, the survival prognosis also improves significantly from north to south. Reasons for these findings are discussed in view of the role of vitamin D. In Norway, melanoma rates increased by a factor of 6 from 1960 to 1990, while the prognosis improved in the same period. After 1990, melanoma rates have remained constant or even decreased in age groups <50 years, whereas the prognosis has not improved further. These data, together with those for internal cancers and the beneficial effects of an optimal vitamin D status, indicate that increased sun exposure may lead to improved cancer prognosis and, possibly, give more positive than adverse health effects. C1 [Moan, Johan; Porojnicu, Alina Carmen] Norwegian Radium Hosp, Inst Canc Res, Dept Radiat Biol, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. [Moan, Johan; Dahlback, Arne] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Setlow, Richard B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Moan, J (reprint author), Norwegian Radium Hosp, Inst Canc Res, Dept Radiat Biol, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. EM johan.moan@fys.uio.no; setlow@bnl.gov NR 69 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 2 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710615105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 253XO UT WOS:000252551100050 PM 18180454 ER PT J AU Huang, D Knyazikhin, Y Wang, W Deering, DW Stenberg, P Shabanov, N Tan, B Myneni, RB AF Huang, Dong Knyazikhin, Yuri Wang, Weile Deering, Donald W. Stenberg, Pauline Shabanov, Nikolay Tan, Bin Myneni, Ranga B. TI Stochastic transport theory for investigating the three-dimensional canopy structure from space measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE stochastic radiative transfer; 3D canopy structure ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; VEGETATION CANOPIES; DIGITAL IMAGES; BOREAL FOREST; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; AUTO-CORRELATION; SHOOT STRUCTURE; MODIS; MODELS AB Radiation reflected from vegetation canopies exhibits high spatial variation. Satellite-bome sensors measure the mean intensities emanating from heterogeneous vegetated pixels. The theory of radiative transfer in stochastic media provides the most logical linkage between satellite observations and the three-dimensional canopy structure through a closed system of simple equations which contains the mean intensity and higher statistical moments directly as its unknowns. Although this theory has been a highly active research field in recent years, its potential for satellite remote sensing of vegetated surfaces has not been fully realized because of the lack of models of a canopy pair-correlation function that the stochastic radiative transfer equations require. The pair correlation function is defined as the probability of finding simultaneously phytoelements at two points. This paper presents analytical and Monte Carlo generated pair correlation functions. Theoretical and numerical analyses show that the spatial correlation between phytoelements is primarily responsible for the effects of the three-dimensional canopy structure on canopy reflective and absorptive properties. The pair correlation function, therefore, is the most natural and physically meaningful measure of the canopy structure over a wide range of scales. The stochastic radiative transfer equations naturally admit this measure and thus provide a powerful means to investigate the three-dimensional canopy structure from space. Canopy reflectances predicted by the stochastic equations are assessed by comparisons with the PARABOLA measurements from coniferous and broadleaf forest stands in the BOREAS Southern Study Areas. The pair correlation functions are derived from data on tree structural parameters collected during field campaigns conducted at these sites. The simulated canopy reflectances compare well with the PARABOLA data. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Dong; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Wang, Weile; Shabanov, Nikolay; Tan, Bin; Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Deering, Donald W.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stenberg, Pauline] Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Huang, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, 75 Rutherford Dr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dhuang@bnl.gov RI Tan, Bin/G-1331-2012; Huang, Dong/H-7318-2014; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012 OI Huang, Dong/0000-0001-9715-6922; NR 56 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.026 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 254GL UT WOS:000252574300003 ER PT J AU Galambos, P Czaplewski, D Givler, R Pohl, KR Luck, DL Benavides, G Jokiel, B AF Galambos, Paul Czaplewski, Dave Givler, Rick Pohl, Kenneth R. Luck, David L. Benavides, Gilbert Jokiel, Bernie TI Drop ejection utilizing sideways actuation of a MEMS piston SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE drop ejector; sideshooter; MEMS electrostatic actuator AB A novel electrostatic sideways actuation drop dispenser (a sideshooter) is presented. The polysilicon Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) drop dispenser is surface micromachined using the SUMMIT (TM) fabrication process. The dispenser was used to eject satellite free 0.25 pl drops of aqueous solution at 10 m/s using an 80 V pulse 10 mu s long. The dispenser enables multiple liquid, viscosity, and drop size, integrated ejection microsystems; useful for wet nano-fabrication. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galambos, Paul; Czaplewski, Dave; Givler, Rick; Pohl, Kenneth R.; Luck, David L.; Benavides, Gilbert; Jokiel, Bernie] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Galambos, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pcgalam@sandia.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 141 IS 1 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2007.07.026 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 265VS UT WOS:000253390400025 ER PT J AU Tatarkhanov, M Rose, F Fomin, E Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Tatarkhanov, Mous Rose, Franck Fomin, Evgeny Ogletree, D. Frank Salmeron, Miquel TI Hydrogen adsorption on Ru(001) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE STM; adsorption; dissociation; hydrogen; ruthenium; oxygen ID SURFACE-DIFFUSION; RUTHENIUM 001; PHASE-DIAGRAM; DESORPTION; SITES; OXIDATION; COVERAGE; KINETICS; SYSTEM; OXYGEN AB The adsorption of hydrogen on Ru(00 1) was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy at temperatures around 50 K. Hydrogen was found to adsorb dissociatively forming different ordered structures as a function of coverage. In order of increasing coverage theta in monolayers (ML) these were (root 3 x root 3)R30 degrees at theta = 0.3 ML; (2 x 1) at 0 = 0.50 ML, (2 x 2)-3H at theta = 0.75, and (1 x 1) at theta = 1.00. Some of these structures were observed to coexist at intermediate coverage values. Close to saturation of I ML, H-vacancies (unoccupied three fold fcc-hollow Ru sites) were observed either as single entities or forming transient aggregations. These vacancies diffuse and aggregate to form active sites for the dissociative adsorption of hydrogen. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tatarkhanov, Mous; Rose, Franck; Fomin, Evgeny; Ogletree, D. Frank; Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tatarkhanov, Mous; Fomin, Evgeny] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Amuller-egan@lbl.gov RI Ogletree, D Frank/D-9833-2016 OI Ogletree, D Frank/0000-0002-8159-0182 NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 2 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.042 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 264HH UT WOS:000253277900014 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Kay, BD White, JM Dohnalek, Z AF Kim, Yu Kwon Kay, Bruce D. White, J. M. Dohnalek, Z. TI 2-Propanol dehydration on TiO2(110): The effect of bridge-bonded oxygen vacancy blocking SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TiO2(110); alcohol dehydration; bridge-bonded oxygen vacancy; temperature programmed desorption ID ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; DIRECT VISUALIZATION; SURFACE; WATER; DISSOCIATION; ADSORPTION; DEFECTS; TIO2; ACETONE; SITES AB On 100 K rutile TiO2(1 10) surfaces with 3.5 +/- 0.5% surface bridge-bonded oxygen vacancies (BBOv's), propene formation by dehydration of 2-propanol was monitored by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The BBOv's were either filled or unfilled when the 2-propanol was dosed. Propene desorption rates exhibit two local maxima, nominally at 350 (LT) and 570 K (HT). The former is not altered by filling BBOv's while the latter is reduced by factors of 2.5 and 5 when the vacancies are pre-filled with water (H-OH) and alcohol (R-OH), respectively. The HT process is attributed to a reaction of 2-propoxy groups located on surface BBO's. To account for much of the HT C3H6 yield when BBOv's are filled before (CH3)(2)CHOH dosing, we propose a model whereby, during TPD, vacancies form and are filled with 2-propoxy. The factor of two difference between titrating BBOv's with H2O and alcohols is attributed to stoichiometry; twice as many OH groups form on surface BBO rows when H2O is used so twice as many vacancies are created when OH recombines. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kay, Bruce D.; White, J. M.; Dohnalek, Z.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kay, Bruce D.; White, J. M.; Dohnalek, Z.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kim, Yu Kwon; White, J. M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Ctr Mat Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kay, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Bruce.Kay@pnl.gov; Zdenek.Dohnalek@pnl.gov OI Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 602 IS 2 BP 511 EP 516 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.049 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 264HH UT WOS:000253277900018 ER PT J AU Bouree, JE Mahan, AH AF Bouree, Jean-Eric Mahan, A. Harv TI Fourth international conference on hot-wire CVD (Cat-CVD) process - Preface SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bouree, Jean-Eric] Ecole Polytech, Phys Interfaces & Couches Minces Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Mahan, A. Harv] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bouree, JE (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Phys Interfaces & Couches Minces Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM jean-eric.bouree@polytechnique.edu; harv_mahan@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 5 BP 487 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.062 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 250FR UT WOS:000252285900001 ER PT J AU Doyle, JR Xu, Y Reedy, R Branz, HM Mahan, AH AF Doyle, James R. Xu, Yueqin Reedy, Robert Branz, Howard M. Mahan, A. Harv TI Film stoichiometry and gas dissociation kinetics in hot-wire chemical vapor deposition of a-SiGe : H SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Hot-Wire CVD (Cat-CVD) Process CY OCT 04-08, 2006 CL Takayama, JAPAN DE hot-wire deposition; amorphous silicon germanium alloys AB The gas phase dissociation rates of silane and germane are measured for HWCVD on a tantalum filament and compared to the a-SiGe:H film composition. The Ge from dissociated germane is converted entirely into film on the substrate and chamber walls. Approximately 85% of the Si from the dissociated silane is converted into film, with the rest incorporated into the filament. The dissociation rate per unit partial pressure of germane is 2-3 times that of silane. The pressure dependence of feed gas depletion rates suggests that the dissociation on the filament is rate limited by filament reactive site availability. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Doyle, James R.; Xu, Yueqin; Reedy, Robert; Branz, Howard M.; Mahan, A. Harv] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80231 USA. [Doyle, James R.] Macalester Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, St Paul, MN 55105 USA. RP Doyle, JR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80231 USA. EM doyle@macalester.edu NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 5 BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.189 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 250FR UT WOS:000252285900010 ER PT J AU Mahan, AH Ahrenkiel, SP Schropp, REI Li, H Ginley, DS AF Mahan, A. H. Ahrenkiel, S. P. Schropp, R. E. I. Li, H. Ginley, D. S. TI A comparison of grain nucleation and grain growth during crystallization of HWCVD and PECVD a-Si : H films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Hot-Wire CVD (Cat-CVD) Process CY OCT 04-08, 2006 CL Takayama, JAPAN DE hydrogenated amorphous silicon; annealing; crystallization kinetics; crystallite nucleation; nuclear magnetic resonance ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON FILMS; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURE AB From TEM, XRD and Raman measurements, we compare the crystallization kinetics when HWCVD and PECVD a-Si:H films, containing different initial film hydrogen contents (C-H), are crystallized by annealing at 600 degrees C. For the HWCVD films, the nucleation rate increases, and the incubation time and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the XRD (111) peak decrease with decreasing film C-H. However, the crystallization kinetics of HWCVD and PECVD films of similar initial film C-H are quite different, suggesting that other factors beside the initial film hydrogen content affect the crystallization process. Even though the bonded hydrogen evolves very early from the film during annealing, we suggest that the initial spatial distribution of hydrogen plays a critical role in the crystallization kinetics, and we propose a preliminary model to describe this process. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mahan, A. H.; Ahrenkiel, S. P.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Schropp, R. E. I.; Li, H.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Sci, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Mahan, AH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM harv_mahan@nrel.gov RI Schropp, Ruud/C-6410-2009; Schropp, Ruud/I-7374-2012; Institute (DINS), Debye/G-7730-2014 OI Schropp, Ruud/0000-0003-4175-2658; NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 5 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.036 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 250FR UT WOS:000252285900011 ER PT J AU Cohen, JD Datta, S Palinginis, K Mahan, AH Iwaniczko, E Xu, YQ Branz, HM AF Cohen, J. David Datta, Shouvik Palinginis, Kirnon Mahan, A. H. Iwaniczko, Eugene Xu, Yueqin Branz, Howard M. TI Defect analysis of thin film Si-based alloys deposited by hot-wire CVD using junction capacitance methods SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Hot-Wire CVD (Cat-CVD) Process CY OCT 04-08, 2006 CL Takayama, JAPAN DE silicon germanium alloys; optical spectroscopy; amorphous materials; solar cells; hot-wire deposition ID HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS-SILICON; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GERMANIUM ALLOYS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; GROWTH; RATES; DENSITIES AB We evaluate and compare the electronic properties of hot-wire CVD deposited a-Si:H and a-Si,Ge:H films with those produced by the glow discharge (PECVD) method. A good indicator of film quality with respect to solar cell applications is the narrowness of the band tail widths determined by transient photocapacitance (TPC) spectroscopy. We focus on the excellent electronic properties of hot-wire CVD a-Si,Ge:H alloys that have recently been produced by a 1800 degrees C filament temperature process. These alloy samples were compared to a-Si,Ge:H films of the same optical gaps deposited by PECVD. Light-induced degradation was examined in a few samples and compared to the behavior PECVD a-Si,Ge:H alloys of similar optical gap. The effects of intentional oxygen contamination were also studied on a series of HWCVD a-Si,Ge:H samples containing 29at.% Ge. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cohen, J. David; Datta, Shouvik; Palinginis, Kirnon] Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Mahan, A. H.; Iwaniczko, Eugene; Xu, Yueqin; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Cohen, JD (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Phys, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM deohen@uoregon.edu NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 5 BP 663 EP 669 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.116 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 250FR UT WOS:000252285900045 ER PT J AU Branz, HM Teplin, CW Young, DL Page, MR Iwaniczko, E Roybal, L Bauer, R Mahan, AH Xu, Y Stradins, P Wang, T Wang, Q AF Branz, Howard M. Teplin, Charles W. Young, David L. Page, Matthew R. Iwaniczko, Eugene Roybal, Lorenzo Bauer, Russell Mahan, A. Harv Xu, Yueqin Stradins, Pauls Wang, Tihu Wang, Qi TI Recent advances in hot-wire CVD R&D at NREL: From 18% silicon heterojunction cells to silicon epitaxy at glass-compatible temperatures SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Hot-Wire CVD (Cat-CVD) Process CY OCT 04-08, 2006 CL Takayama, JAPAN DE heterojunctions; solar cells; epitaxial growth; silicon; hot-wire deposition; crystallization; efficiency; passivation ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; FILMS AB Our research aiming to improve silicon photovoltaic materials and devices extensively utilizes hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). We have recently achieved 18.2% heterojunction silicon solar cells by applying HWCVD a-Si:H front and back contacts to textured p-type silicon wafers. This is the best reported p-wafer heterojunction solar cell by any technique. We have also dramatically improved the quality of HWCVD silicon epitaxy and recently achieved I I gm of epitaxial growth at a rate of 110 nm/min. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Branz, Howard M.; Teplin, Charles W.; Young, David L.; Page, Matthew R.; Iwaniczko, Eugene; Roybal, Lorenzo; Bauer, Russell; Mahan, A. Harv; Xu, Yueqin; Stradins, Pauls; Wang, Tihu; Wang, Qi] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolt, Silicon Mat & Devices Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Branz, HM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolt, Silicon Mat & Devices Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM howard_branz@nrel.gov NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 5 BP 743 EP 746 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.115 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 250FR UT WOS:000252285900064 ER PT J AU Dillon, AC Mahan, AH Deshpande, R Parilla, R Jones, KM Lee, SH AF Dillon, A. C. Mahan, A. H. Deshpande, R. Parilla, Ra. Jones, K. M. Lee, S-H. TI Metal oxide nano-particles for improved electrochromic and lithium-ion battery technologies SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Hot-Wire CVD (Cat-CVD) Process CY OCT 04-08, 2006 CL Takayama, JAPAN DE hot-wire chemical vapor deposition; metal oxide nano-particles; electrochromic; lithium-ion battery ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HIGH-DENSITY; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES AB Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) has been employed as an economically scalable method for the deposition of crystalline tungsten oxide nano-rods and nano-particles. Under optimal synthesis conditions, only crystalline WO3 nano-structures with a smallest dimension of similar to 10-50 nm are observed with extensive transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The incorporation of these particles into porous films led to profound advancement in state-of-the-art electrochromic (EC) technologies. HWCVD has also been employed to produce crystalline molybdenum oxide nano-rods, particles and tubes at high density. TEM analyses show that the smallest dimension of these nano-structures is similar to 5-30 nm. XRD and Raman analyses reveal that the materials are highly crystalline and consist of Mo, MoO2 and MoO3 phases. It is also possible to fabricate large-area porous films containing these MoOx, nano-structures. Furthermore, these films have been tested as the negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries, and a surprisingly high, reversible capacity has been observed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All tights reserved. C1 [Dillon, A. C.; Mahan, A. H.; Deshpande, R.; Parilla, Ra.; Jones, K. M.; Lee, S-H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM anne-dillon@nrel.gov RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011 NR 8 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 77 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 15 PY 2008 VL 516 IS 5 BP 794 EP 797 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.06.177 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 250FR UT WOS:000252285900076 ER PT J AU Bollero, A Dieny, B Sort, J Buchanan, KS Landis, S Nogues, J AF Bollero, A. Dieny, B. Sort, J. Buchanan, K. S. Landis, S. Nogues, J. TI Enhanced exchange bias effects in a nanopatterned system consisting of two perpendicularly coupled ferromagnets SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FILMS; FIELD; SIZE; NANOSTRUCTURES; INTERFACES; ANISOTROPY; BEHAVIOR; MODEL AB The effect of patterning on the shift of the hysteresis loop H(E) and coercivity H(C) in a system composed of two perpendicularly exchange-coupled ferromagnets (NiFe sputtered onto a [Pt/Co] multilayer) is investigated in long stripes and square dots. Setting the exchange bias coupling along the stripes results in a threefold increase of H(E) compared to the continuous films. H(C) increases dramatically when the coupling is set perpendicular to the stripes and also in the dots. Magnetic force microscopy studies and micromagnetic simulations suggest that differences in the number and orientation of the magnetic domains can account for the observed effects. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bollero, A.; Dieny, B.] CEA Grenoble, CNRS, URA 2512, SPINTEC, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Sort, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Sort, J.; Nogues, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICREA, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Buchanan, K. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Landis, S.] CEA Grenoble, CEA LETI Minatec, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Nogues, J.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Inst Catala Nanotecnol, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. RP Bollero, A (reprint author), CIEMAT, Dept Energy, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM bollero@yahoo.es; jordi.sort@uab.es RI Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Sort, Jordi/F-6582-2014; OI Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Sort, Jordi/0000-0003-1213-3639; Bollero, Alberto/0000-0002-3282-0981; Buchanan, Kristen/0000-0003-0879-0038 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 AR 022508 DI 10.1063/1.2833124 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 252UA UT WOS:000252470900062 ER PT J AU de Sousa, R Moore, JE AF de Sousa, Rogerio Moore, Joel E. TI Electrical control of magnon propagation in multiferroic BiFeO(3) films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The spin wave spectra of multiferroic BiFeO(3) films is calculated using a phenomenological Landau theory that includes magnetostatic effects. The lowest frequency magnon dispersion is shown to be quite sensitive to the angle between spin wave propagation vector and the Neel moment. Since electrical switching of the Neel moment has recently been demonstrated in this material, the sensitivity of the magnon dispersion permits direct electrical switching of spin wave propagation. This effect can be used to construct spin wave logical gates without current pulses, potentially allowing reduced power dissipation per logical operation. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [de Sousa, Rogerio; Moore, Joel E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moore, Joel E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Sousa, R (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. EM rdesousa@uvic.ca RI de Sousa, Rogerio/C-1078-2008; Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI de Sousa, Rogerio/0000-0003-4258-270X; Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 AR 022514 DI 10.1063/1.2835704 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 252UA UT WOS:000252470900068 ER PT J AU Han, Y Liu, F Li, SC Jia, JF Xue, QK Lee, BJ AF Han, Yong Liu, Feng Li, Shao-Chun Jia, Jin-Feng Xue, Qi-Kun Lee, Byeong-Joo TI Kinetics of mesa overlayer growth: Climbing of adatoms onto the mesa top SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION AB We have calculated the energy barriers for an adatom climbing up onto a Pb mesa top either over a facet-facet edge or through a facet-step joint, using a modified embedded atom method. We found that the second process is not only thermodynamically more favorable than the first one but also much faster with a diminishing barrier. Our results provide a plausible explanation for the experimentally observed intriguing growth behavior of a Pb mesa. The underlying mechanisms can be generally applicable to other systems. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Han, Yong] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Han, Yong; Liu, Feng] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Li, Shao-Chun; Jia, Jin-Feng; Xue, Qi-Kun] Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Lee, Byeong-Joo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Han, Y (reprint author), US DOE, IPRT, 307D Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fliu@eng.utah.edu RI Han, Yong/F-5701-2012 OI Han, Yong/0000-0001-5404-0911 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 AR 021909 DI 10.1063/1.2827200 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 252UA UT WOS:000252470900041 ER PT J AU Huber, DL Wilcoxon, JP Samara, GA AF Huber, Dale L. Wilcoxon, Jess P. Samara, George A. TI Tailorable, visible light emission from silicon nanocrystals (vol 74, pg no 3164, 1999) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction ID NANOPARTICLES; REDUCTION C1 [Huber, Dale L.; Wilcoxon, Jess P.; Samara, George A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Huber, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlhuber@sandia.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 AR 029902 DI 10.1063/1.2832678 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 252UA UT WOS:000252470900130 ER PT J AU Liu, F Collazo, R Mita, S Duscher, G Pennycook, S AF Liu, Fude Collazo, Ramon Mita, Seiji Duscher, Gerd Pennycook, Steven TI The mechanism for polarity inversion of GaN via a thin AlN layer: Direct experimental evidence (vol 91, art no 203115, 2007) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 [Liu, Fude; Collazo, Ramon; Mita, Seiji; Duscher, Gerd] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Pennycook, Steven] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM fude_liu@nrel.gov RI Liu, Fude/E-9873-2010; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 AR 029901 DI 10.1063/1.2836941 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 252UA UT WOS:000252470900129 ER PT J AU Ramirez, MO Krishnamurthi, M Denev, S Kumar, A Yang, SY Chu, YH Saiz, E Seidel, J Pyatakov, AP Bush, A Viehland, D Orenstein, J Ramesh, R Gopalan, V AF Ramirez, Mariola O. Krishnamurthi, M. Denev, S. Kumar, A. Yang, Seung-Yeul Chu, Ying-Hao Saiz, Eduardo Seidel, Jan Pyatakov, A. P. Bush, A. Viehland, D. Orenstein, J. Ramesh, R. Gopalan, Venkatraman TI Two-phonon coupling to the antiferromagnetic phase transition in multiferroic BiFeO(3) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; ALPHA-FE2O3; CRYSTAL; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; DOMAINS; FILMS AB A prominent band centered at similar to 1000-1300 cm(-1) and associated with resonant enhancement of two-phonon Raman scattering is reported in multiferroic BiFeO(3) thin films and single crystals. A strong anomaly in this band occurs at the antiferromagnetic Neel temperature, T(N)similar to 375 degrees C. This band is composed of three peaks, assigned to 2A(4), 2E(8), and 2E(9) Raman modes. While all three peaks were found to be sensitive to the antiferromagnetic phase transition, the 2E(8) mode, in particular, nearly disappears at T(N) on heating, indicating a strong spin-two-phonon coupling in BiFeO(3). (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ramirez, Mariola O.; Krishnamurthi, M.; Denev, S.; Kumar, A.; Gopalan, Venkatraman] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Ramirez, Mariola O.; Krishnamurthi, M.; Denev, S.; Kumar, A.; Gopalan, Venkatraman] Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Yang, Seung-Yeul; Chu, Ying-Hao; Seidel, Jan; Orenstein, J.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yang, Seung-Yeul; Chu, Ying-Hao; Seidel, Jan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Saiz, Eduardo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pyatakov, A. P.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. [Bush, A.] Moscow Inst Radio Engn Elect & Automat, Moscow 117454, Russia. [Viehland, D.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Ramirez, MO (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM mdr20@psu.edu; vgopalan@psu.edu RI Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; Pyatakov, Alexander/D-4865-2012; Kumar, Amit/C-9662-2012; Orenstein, Joseph/I-3451-2015; Ramirez, Maria de la O/I-3439-2016; Alexandr, Bush/R-2287-2016 OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Kumar, Amit/0000-0002-1194-5531; Ramirez, Maria de la O/0000-0002-1233-1769; Alexandr, Bush/0000-0003-3990-9847 NR 26 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 AR 022511 DI 10.1063/1.2829681 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 252UA UT WOS:000252470900065 ER PT J AU Redigolo, ML Koktysh, DS Rosenthal, SJ Dickerson, JH Gai, Z Gao, L Shen, J AF Redigolo, Marcela L. Koktysh, Dmitry S. Rosenthal, Sandra J. Dickerson, James H. Gai, Zheng Gao, Lan Shen, Jian TI Response to "Comment on 'Magnetization reversal in europium sulfide nanocrystals'" [Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 026102 (2007)] SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURFACE ANISOTROPY; NANOPARTICLES; SIZE C1 [Redigolo, Marcela L.; Rosenthal, Sandra J.; Dickerson, James H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Redigolo, Marcela L.; Koktysh, Dmitry S.; Rosenthal, Sandra J.; Dickerson, James H.] Vanderbilt Univ, Vanderbilt Inst Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Koktysh, Dmitry S.; Rosenthal, Sandra J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Gai, Zheng; Gao, Lan; Shen, Jian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gai, Zheng; Shen, Jian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Redigolo, ML (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM james.h.dickerson@vanderbilt.edu RI Gai, Zheng/B-5327-2012; Dickerson, James/F-7950-2013 OI Gai, Zheng/0000-0002-6099-4559; Dickerson, James/0000-0001-9636-6303 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2 AR 026103 DI 10.1063/1.2822438 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 252UA UT WOS:000252470900128 ER PT J AU Howe, JY Bentley, J Wang, W AF Howe, Jane Y. Bentley, James Wang, Wei TI Comment on 'Low-temperature synthesis of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a closed cage structure' by X. Wang et al. [Chem. Phys. Lett. 384 (2004) 391] SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material AB A Letter by Wang et al. reported synthesis of alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with a closed cage structure. The authors mistook thickness fringes in the transmission electron micrographs (TEM) as evidence for 'layers' of 'a closed cage structure'. We prepared alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using procedures described by Wang and recorded a series of TEM images of the particles at 0.5 degrees increments in specimen tilt angle. In this Letter, we first explain the origin of thickness fringes, and then present a series of images to prove that these particles do not have a closed cage structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Howe, Jane Y.; Bentley, James] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Howe, JY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM howej@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 1-3 BP 68 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.11.062 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 253ST UT WOS:000252538600013 ER PT J AU Li, GH Chen, L Dimitrijevic, NM Gray, KA AF Li, Gonghu Chen, Le Dimitrijevic, Nada M. Gray, Kimberly A. TI Visible light photocatalytic properties of anion-doped TiO2 materials prepared from a molecular titanium precursor SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOCRYSTALLINE NAY ZEOLITE; STAINLESS-STEEL; CHARGE-TRANSFER; RUTILE TITANIA; BAND-GAP; DIOXIDE; TRANSFORMATION; REACTIVITY; REDUCTION; SUNLIGHT AB Starting with titanium tri-ethanolaminato isopropoxide, a molecular titanium precursor containing nitrogen and carbon, anion-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized by a simple solvothermal method. Nitric acid was used to control the extent of anion doping and subsequently adjust the photoresponse of anion-doped TiO2 materials. The synthesized materials were characterized by different techniques and were tested in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light illumination. The results indicate that the molecular titanium precursor possesses intrinsic advantages for fabricating anion-doped TiO2 materials as visible light photocatalysts. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Gonghu; Chen, Le; Gray, Kimberly A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Inst Catalysis Energy Proc, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dimitrijevic, Nada M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gray, KA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Inst Catalysis Energy Proc, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM k-gray@northwestern.edu RI Gray, Kimberly/B-6989-2009 NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 1-3 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.11.071 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 253ST UT WOS:000252538600015 ER PT J AU Kim, G Wang, SC Lu, WC Nardelli, MB Bernholc, J AF Kim, Gunn Wang, Shuchun Lu, Wenchang Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno Bernholc, J. TI Effects of end group functionalization and level alignment on electron transport in molecular devices SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AU(111) SURFACE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; CONDUCTANCE; ADSORPTION; JUNCTIONS AB The effect of metal-molecule coupling on electron transport is examined in the prototypical case of alkane chains sandwiched between gold contacts and bridged by either amine or thiol groups. The results show that end group functionalization plays a crucial role in controlling electron transport, and that the symmetries and spatial extent of orbitals near the Fermi level control the conductivity rather than the strength of the bonding. For amine/Au and thiol/Au junctions, a crossover in conductivity with increasing bias is predicted. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kim, Gunn; Wang, Shuchun; Lu, Wenchang; Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno; Bernholc, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kim, Gunn; Wang, Shuchun; Lu, Wenchang; Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno; Bernholc, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lu, Wenchang; Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno; Bernholc, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37881 USA. RP Kim, G (reprint author), Sungkyunkwan Univ, Phys Res Div BK21, Suwon 440746, South Korea. EM bernholc@ncsu.edu RI Buongiorno Nardelli, Marco/C-9089-2009 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 2 AR 024708 DI 10.1063/1.2822180 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252MH UT WOS:000252450100034 PM 18205467 ER PT J AU Lawler, KV Beran, GJO Head-Gordon, M AF Lawler, Keith V. Beran, Gregory J. O. Head-Gordon, Martin TI Symmetry breaking in benzene and larger aromatic molecules within generalized valence bond coupled cluster methods SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLESSET PERTURBATION-THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM-CHEMISTRY; DIRADICAL CHARACTER; LINEAR-COMBINATION; LOCALIZED ORBITALS; CORRELATION-ENERGY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; DOUBLES MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION AB The origin of symmetry breaking (SB) in benzene in generalized valence bond methods is investigated within a coupled cluster formalism that correlates all valence electrons. Retention of a limited number of pair correlation amplitudes (as in the perfect- and imperfect-pairing models) that incompletely describes interpair correlations leads to symmetry breaking as the orbitals and amplitudes are optimized. Local correlation models that are exact for one, two, and three interacting pairs at the doubles excitation level are compared against the exact pair correlation treatment, which correlates four interacting pairs at once in the connected double substitution operator. For simplicity, this comparison is performed with a second-order model of electron correlation, which is reasonably faithful to the infinite-order result. The significant SB known for the one-pair model (perfect pairing) is not eliminated at the two-pair level, but is virtually eliminated at the three-pair level. Therefore, a tractable hybrid model is proposed, which combines three-pair correlations at the second-order level and infinite-order treatment for the strong imperfect-pairing correlations involving one and two-pair correlations. This model greatly reduces SB in benzene and larger delocalized pi systems such as naphthalene and the phenalenyl cation and anion. The resulting optimized orbitals are localized in the sigma space but exhibit significant delocalization in the pi space. This means that correlation effects associated with different resonance structures are treated in a more balanced way than if the pi orbitals localize, leading to reduced SB. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lawler, Keith V.; Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lawler, Keith V.; Head-Gordon, Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beran, Gregory J. O.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Head-Gordon, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Beran, Gregory/B-8684-2011 OI Beran, Gregory/0000-0002-2229-2580 NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 2 AR 024107 DI 10.1063/1.2817600 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252MH UT WOS:000252450100010 PM 18205443 ER PT J AU Pal, R Cui, LF Bulusu, S Zhai, HJ Wang, LS Zeng, XC AF Pal, R. Cui, Li-Feng Bulusu, S. Zhai, Hua-Jin Wang, Lai-Sheng Zeng, X. C. TI Probing the electronic and structural properties of doped aluminum clusters: MAl(12)(-) (M=Li, Cu, and Au) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMBINED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITION-METAL CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; SILICON CLUSTERS; MAGIC CLUSTERS; ALLOY CLUSTERS; PLANAR CARBON; GROUND-STATE; ENERGETICS; AL AB Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is combined with theoretical calculations to investigate the electronic and atomic structures of three doped aluminum clusters, MAl(12)(-) (M=Li, Cu, and Au). Well-resolved PES spectra have been obtained at two detachment photon energies, 266 nm (4.661 eV) and 193 nm (6.424 eV). Basin-hopping global optimization method in combination with density-functional theory calculations has been used for the structural searches. Good agreement between the measured PES spectra and theoretical simulations helps to identify the global minimum structures. It is found that LiAl(12)(-) (C(5v)) can be viewed as replacing a surface Al atom by Li on an icosahedral Al(13)(-), whereas Cu prefers the central site to form the encapsulated D(3d)-Cu@Al(12)(-). For AuAl(12)(-) (C(1)), Au also prefers the central site, but severely distorts the Al(12) cage due to its large size. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Pal, R.; Bulusu, S.; Zeng, X. C.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Pal, R.; Bulusu, S.; Zeng, X. C.] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Cui, Li-Feng; Zhai, Hua-Jin; Wang, Lai-Sheng] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Cui, Li-Feng; Zhai, Hua-Jin; Wang, Lai-Sheng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, MS K8 88, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Chem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM wang@pnl.gov; xczeng@phase2.unl.edu NR 50 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 2 AR 024305 DI 10.1063/1.2805386 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 252MH UT WOS:000252450100015 PM 18205448 ER PT J AU Santos, B Puerta, JM Cerda, JI Stumpf, R von Bergmann, K Wiesendanger, R Bode, M McCarty, KF de la Figuera, J AF Santos, B. Puerta, J. M. Cerda, J. I. Stumpf, R. von Bergmann, K. Wiesendanger, R. Bode, M. McCarty, K. F. de la Figuera, J. TI Structure and magnetism of ultra-thin chromium layers on W(110) SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; FILMS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; RELAXATION; RU(0001); W(100) AB We have investigated the structural and magnetic properties of ultra-thin Cr films on W(110) by means of low-energy electron diffraction intensity-versus-voltage (LEED IV) data acquired using selected-area diffraction within a low-energy electron microscope (LEEM), spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy (SP-STM), and ab initio calculations. The interlayer distances as obtained from LEED IV data are compared to ab initio calculations. The first-principles calculations predict very different interlayer spacings depending on whether the Cr films are antiferromagnetic or non-magnetic. Only antiferromagnetic spin ordering leads to interlayer spacings similar to the experimental spacings determined by LEED IV. This strongly suggests that films of one, two and three atomic layers of Cr on W(110) have antiferromagnetic short-range order. SP-STM data confirm this finding: the Cr monolayer on W(110) shows characteristic stripes along the [001] direction due to the antiferromagnetic order of nearest-neighbor Cr atoms. Additionally, the SP-STM data of the Cr monolayer reveal a periodically varying magnetic amplitude that peaks every 7.7 +/- 0.5 nm. On thick Cr(110) films the signature of an incommensurate spin density wave, existing in two different orientations, is found. We also compare the LEED IV and ab initio relaxations of bare W(110) and bulk-like Cr(110) surfaces. C1 [Santos, B.; de la Figuera, J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Microanal Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Santos, B.; de la Figuera, J.] CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Puerta, J. M.; Cerda, J. I.] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Stumpf, R.; McCarty, K. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [von Bergmann, K.; Wiesendanger, R.; Bode, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Appl Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. [von Bergmann, K.; Wiesendanger, R.; Bode, M.] Univ Hamburg, Microstruct Res Ctr, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. [Bode, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Santos, B (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Microanal Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM mbode@anl.gov RI Cerda, Jorge/F-4043-2010; McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Wiesendanger, Roland/P-9726-2016; Bode, Matthias/S-3249-2016; von Bergmann, Kirsten/S-5696-2016 OI Cerda, Jorge/0000-0001-6176-0191; McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Wiesendanger, Roland/0000-0002-0472-4183; Bode, Matthias/0000-0001-7514-5560; von Bergmann, Kirsten/0000-0002-4514-3254 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2008 VL 10 AR 013005 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/1/013005 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 261MR UT WOS:000253083900005 ER PT J AU Concepcion, JJ Dattelbaum, DM Meyer, TJ Rocha, RC AF Concepcion, Javier J. Dattelbaum, Dana M. Meyer, Thomas J. Rocha, Reginaldo C. TI Probing the localized-to-delocalized transition SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE intervalence transitions; Creutz-Taube ion; classification of mixed-valence compounds; vibrational coupling; localized-to-delocalized transition ID CREUTZ-TAUBE ION; THERMAL ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MIXED-VALENCE SYSTEMS; VIBRONIC COUPLING MODEL; CHARGE-TRANSFER IVCT; INTERVALENCE TRANSFER; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; RUTHENIUM; ABSORPTION; BAND AB Detailed understanding of the transition between localized and delocalized behaviour in mixed valence compounds has been elusive as evidenced by many interpretations of the Creutz-Taube ion, [(NH3)(5)Ru(pz)Ru(NH3)(5)](5+). In a review in 2001, experimental protocols and a systematic model to probe this region were proposed and applied to examples in the literature. The model included: (i) multiple orbital interactions in ligand-bridged transition metal complexes, (ii) inclusion of spin-orbit coupling which, for d pi(5)-d pi(6) complexes, leads to five low-energy bands, two from interconfigurational (d pi -> d pi) transitions at the d pi(5) site and three from intervalence transfer transitions, (iii) differences in time scale between coupled vibrations and solvent modes which can result in solvent averaging with continued electronic asymmetry defining 'class II-III', an addition to the Robin-Day classification scheme, and (iv) delineation of coupled vibrations into barrier vibrations and 'spectator' vibrations. The latter provide direct insight into localization or delocalization and time scales for electron transfer. In this paper, the earlier model is applied to a, series of mixed-valence molecules. C1 [Concepcion, Javier J.; Meyer, Thomas J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Dattelbaum, Dana M.; Rocha, Reginaldo C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meyer, TJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM tjmeyer@unc.edu NR 58 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD JAN 13 PY 2008 VL 366 IS 1862 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1098/rsta.2007.2148 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 242HN UT WOS:000251716300015 PM 17851152 ER PT J AU Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI The ultimate band compression factor in gradient elution chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE acetonitrile - water mobile phases; analytical chromatography; band compression; caffeine; column efficiency; general isotherm modeling; gradient elution chromatography; peak compression factor; RP-HPLC stationary phases; separation ID COLUMN AB The equations predicting the ultimate time band compression factor, G=(t(R) - t(p))/t(p) in linear gradient elution chromatography, for an infinitely narrow injection (injection time t(p)-> 0) were derived for an ideal-model column (dispersionless chromatography, H=0) assuming the Linear Solvent Strength Model for the retention behavior of the analyte. Numerical solutions can readily be obtained when the LSSM model does not apply. The results can be generalized to any retained organic modifier (k'(A)) in the mobile phase. The stronger the retention of the organic modifier, the more effective the band compression. Dispersion in real chromatographic column (H not equal 0) affects the limits that can be reached in linear gradients but poorly in step gradients. Examples based on a conventional HETP of about 12 mu m using a 5 mu m particle packed column reveal that the best time compression factor that could be expected is twice the one predicted with an ideal column. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@utk.edu NR 15 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 12 PY 2008 VL 1178 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.044 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 252WJ UT WOS:000252477400010 PM 18062981 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Mao, Y Park, TJ Wong, SS AF Zhang, Fen Mao, Yuanbing Park, Tae-Jin Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Green synthesis and property characterization of single-crystalline perovskite fluoride nanorods SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ABSORPTION SPECTRUM; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; NH4MNF3; NANOPARTICLES; KMNF3; SIZE; NANOTUBES; EXCHANGE; SHAPE AB The generalized green synthesis of single-crystalline KMnF3 and NH4MnF3 nanorods as well as of their rare-earth ion doped analogues, possessing reproducible shape and controllable size, has been achieved using a modified template-directed approach under ambient room-temperature conditions, with simple inorganic salts as functional precursors. Extensive characterization of the resulting nanorods has been performed using diffraction, electron microscopy, optical spectroscopy, as well as magnetic techniques. We have studied the antiferromagnetism of as-prepared ternary metal fluoride nanorods as well as the luminescence of their as-doped counterparts. Our collective data suggest the possibility of the incorporation of these high-quality, chemically pure materials into functional nanoscale devices with various potential applications that exploit the interesting optomagnetic properties of these systems. C1 [Zhang, Fen; Mao, Yuanbing; Park, Tae-Jin; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Zhang, Fen/G-5015-2010; Mao, Yuanbing/D-5580-2009 NR 59 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1002/adfm.200700655 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 255IN UT WOS:000252651800013 ER PT J AU Georgescu, RE Kim, SS Yurieva, O Kuriyan, J Kong, XP O'Donnell, M AF Georgescu, Roxana E. Kim, Seung-Sup Yurieva, Olga Kuriyan, John Kong, Xiang-Peng O'Donnell, Mike TI Structure of a sliding clamp on DNA SO CELL LA English DT Article ID CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; POLYMERASE-III HOLOENZYME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROCESSIVITY-CLAMP; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; REPLICATION; BETA; SUBUNIT; REPAIR; MECHANISM AB The structure of the E. coli beta clamp polymerase processivity factor has been solved in complex with primed DNA. Interestingly, the clamp directly binds the DNA duplex and also forms a crystal contact with the ssDNA template strand, which binds into the protein-binding pocket of the clamp. We demonstrate that these clamp-DNA interactions function in clamp loading, perhaps by inducing the ring to close around DNA. Clamp binding to template ssDNA may also serve to hold the clamp at a primed site after loading or during switching of multiple factors on the clamp. Remarkably, the DNA is highly tilted as it passes through the b ring. The pronounced 22 degrees angle of DNA through b may enable DNA to switch between multiple factors bound to a single clamp simply by alternating from one protomer of the ring to the other. C1 [Georgescu, Roxana E.; Yurieva, Olga; O'Donnell, Mike] Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Kim, Seung-Sup; Kong, Xiang-Peng] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuriyan, John] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP O'Donnell, M (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM odonnel@mail.rockefeller.edu RI Georgescu, Roxana/B-9943-2011; OI Kong, Xiang-Peng/0000-0001-5773-2681; O'Donnell, Michael/0000-0001-9002-4214 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM038839-16, GM38839, GM45547, GM70841, R01 GM038839, R01 GM045547, R01 GM070841, R37 GM038839, R37 GM038839-17, R37 GM038839-18, R37 GM038839-19] NR 40 TC 115 Z9 115 U1 6 U2 19 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0092-8674 J9 CELL JI Cell PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 132 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.11.045 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 266IL UT WOS:000253427600014 PM 18191219 ER PT J AU Makowski, L Rodi, DJ Mandava, S Minh, DDL Gore, DB Fischetti, RF AF Makowski, Lee Rodi, Diane J. Mandava, Suneeta Minh, David D. L. Gore, David B. Fischetti, Robert F. TI Molecular crowding inhibits intramolecular breathing motions in proteins SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE X-ray scattering; protein conformation; crowding; rigid-body motion; protein stability ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CHEMICAL-SHIFT MODULATION; SOLUTION SCATTERING; RESIDUAL DIPOLAR; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; CORRELATED MOTIONS; BACKBONE DYNAMICS; FLUCTUATIONS; STABILITY; MOVEMENTS AB In aqueous solution some proteins undergo large-scale movements of secondary structures, subunits or domains, referred to as protein "breathing", that define a native-state ensemble of structures. These fluctuations are sensitive to the nature and concentration of solutes and other proteins and are thereby expected to be different in the crowded interior of a cell than in dilute solution. Here we use a combination of wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and computational modeling to derive a quantitative measure of the spatial scale of conformational fluctuations in a protein solution. Concentration-dependent changes in the observed scattering intensities are consistent with a model of structural fluctuations in which secondary structures undergo rigid-body motions relative to one another. This motion increases with decreasing protein concentration or increasing temperature. Analysis of a set of five structurally and functionally diverse proteins reveals a diversity of kinetic behaviors. Proteins with multiple disulfide bonds exhibit little or no increase in breathing in dilute solutions. The spatial extent of structural fluctuations appears highly dependent on both protein structure and concentration and is universally suppressed at very high protein concentrations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Makowski, Lee; Rodi, Diane J.; Mandava, Suneeta; Minh, David D. L.; Fischetti, Robert F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gore, David B.] IIT, Biol Chem & Phys Sci Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Makowski, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lmakowski@anl.gov RI Minh, David/A-4655-2009; ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 OI Minh, David/0000-0002-4802-2618; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630-117019, P41 RR008630, P41 RR008630-090019, P41 RR008630-105046, RR-08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM085648] NR 52 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 375 IS 2 BP 529 EP 546 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.07.075 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 247TN UT WOS:000252103700017 PM 18031757 ER PT J AU Kim, SH AF Kim, S. H. TI Magnetic field analysis and achievable on-axis field for helical undulators SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE X- and gamma-ray sources; helical undulators; superconducting undulators; magnetic fields; ILC positron source ID WIGGLER; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; STRAIN AB The on- and off-axis magnetic fields for infinitely long, helical undulators were analyzed for linear and nonlinear poles. An analytical expression of the on-axis field for linear poles was derived in terms of coil current density, undulator period length, and coil dimensions. The derived expression showed that, when the undulator dimensions were scaled according to the period ratios, the on-axis fields were proportional to the periods, which is in agreement with calculations of model undulators. For undulators with nonlinear steel poles, when the undulator dimensions were scaled, the field distributions remained unchanged for a constant value of (current density x period). It was also shown that, for two scaled undulators, one with linear and one with nonlinear poles, the off-axis field components, normalized to the respective on-axis fields, had the same field distributions near the axis within the calculation errors. This implies that the derived normalized off-axis field for linear poles may be used for beam dynamic analysis in the fields of undulators with nonlinear poles within the beam chamber. Achievable on-axis fields were calculated for short-period undulators with parameters close to those for the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) positron production undulators. The required undulator parameters for the ILC appear to be achievable depending on the Nb3Sn superconductor packing factor in the coil and on how close the chosen operating current is to the critical current. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shkim@aps.anl.gov NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 584 IS 2-3 BP 266 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.10.020 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 261LZ UT WOS:000253081800003 ER PT J AU Atoian, GS Britvich, GI Chernichenko, SK Dhawan, S Issakov, VV Karavichev, O Karavicheva, TL Marin, VN Poblaguev, AA Shein, IV Soldatov, AP Zeller, ME AF Atoian, G. S. Britvich, G. I. Chernichenko, S. K. Dhawan, S. Issakov, V. V. Karavichev, O. V. Karavicheva, T. L. Marin, V. N. Poblaguev, A. A. Shein, I. V. Soldatov, A. P. Zeller, M. E. TI An improved Shashlyk calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Shashlyk calorimeter; scintillator; WLS fiber; APD; WFD; Monte Carlo simulation ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER AB Shashlyk electromagnetic calorimeter modules with an energy resolution of about 3%/root E(GeV) for 50-1000 MeV photons have been developed, and a prototype tested. Details of these improved modules, including mechanical construction, selection of wave shifting fibers and photo-detectors, and development of a new scintillator with improved optical and mechanical properties are described. How the modules will perform in a large calorimeter was determined from prototype measurements. The experimentally determined characteristics of the calorimeter prototype show energy resolution of sigma(E)/E = (1.96 +/- 0.1)% circle plus (2.74 +/- 0.05)%/root E, time resolution of sigma(T) = (72 +/- 4)root E circle plus (14 +/- 2)/E (ps), where photon energy E is given in GeV units and circle plus means a quadratic summation. A punch-through inefficiency of photon detection was measured to be epsilon approximate to 5 x 10(-5) (Theta(beam) > 5 mrad). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Atoian, G. S.; Issakov, V. V.; Karavichev, O. V.; Karavicheva, T. L.; Marin, V. N.; Poblaguev, A. A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. [Britvich, G. I.; Chernichenko, S. K.; Shein, I. V.; Soldatov, A. P.] Protvino High Energy Phys Inst, Protvino 142284, Russia. [Atoian, G. S.; Dhawan, S.; Issakov, V. V.; Zeller, M. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Poblaguev, AA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM poblaguev@bnl.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 584 IS 2-3 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.10.022 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 261LZ UT WOS:000253081800006 ER PT J AU Bagagli, R Baldini, L Bellazzini, R Barblellini, G Belli, F Borden, T Brez, A Brigida, M Caliandro, GA Cecchi, C Cohen-Tanugi, J De Angelis, A Drell, P Favuzzi, C Fusco, P Gargano, F Germani, S Giglietto, N Giordano, F Goodman, J Himel, T Hirayarna, M Johnson, RP Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kroeger, W Ku, J Kuss, M Latronico, L Longo, F Loparco, F Lubrano, P Marangelli, B Marcucci, F Marchetti, M Massai, MM Mazziotta, MN Minori, M Minuti, M Mirizzi, N Mongelli, M Monte, C Morselli, A Nelson, D Nordby, M Omodei, N Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Raino, S Rando, R Razzano, M Rich, D Scolieri, G Sgro, C Spandre, G Spinelli, P Sugizaki, M Takahashi, H Tenze, A Young, C AF Bagagli, R. Baldini, L. Bellazzini, R. Barblellini, G. Belli, F. Borden, T. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Caliandro, G. A. Cecchi, C. Cohen-Tanugi, J. De Angelis, A. Drell, P. Favuzzi, C. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Germani, S. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Goodman, J. Himel, T. Hirayarna, M. Johnson, R. P. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kroeger, W. Ku, J. Kuss, M. Latronico, L. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lubrano, P. Marangelli, B. Marcucci, F. Marchetti, M. Massai, M. M. Mazziotta, M. N. Minori, M. Minuti, M. Mirizzi, N. Mongelli, M. Monte, C. Morselli, A. Nelson, D. Nordby, M. Omodei, N. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Raino, S. Rando, R. Razzano, M. Rich, D. Scolieri, G. Sgro, C. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Sugizaki, M. Takahashi, H. Tenze, A. Young, C. TI Environmental tests of the flight GLAST LAT tracker towers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray; telescope; tracking; silicon strip detector; environmental tests ID SPACE; TELESCOPE AB The Gamma-ray Large Area Space telescope (GLAST) is a gamma-ray satellite scheduled for launch in 2008. Before the assembly of the Tracker subsystem of the Large Area Telescope (LAT) science instrument of GLAST, every component (tray) and module (tower) has been subjected to extensive ground testing required to ensure successful launch and on-orbit operation. This paper describes the sequence and results of the environmental tests performed on an engineering model and all the flight hardware of the GLAST LAT Tracker. Environmental tests include vibration testing, thermal cycles and thermal-vacuum cycles of every tray and tower as well as the verification of their electrical performance. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Marangelli, B.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Mirizzi, N.; Mongelli, M.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Marangelli, B.; Mirizzi, N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Interateneo Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Rando, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Rando, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Marcucci, F.; Pepe, M.; Scolieri, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Marcucci, F.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Bagagli, R.; Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Massai, M. M.; Minuti, M.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Spandre, G.; Tenze, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Massai, M. M.; Razzano, M.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Sgro, C.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Belli, F.; Marchetti, M.; Minori, M.; Morselli, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Barblellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. [Barblellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. [De Angelis, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [De Angelis, A.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Johnson, R. P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Borden, T.; Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Drell, P.; Goodman, J.; Himel, T.; Kroeger, W.; Nelson, D.; Nordby, M.; Young, C.] SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hirayarna, M.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hirayarna, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astroparticle Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hirayarna, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Katagiri, H.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Kataoka, J.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RP Mazziotta, MN (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, Via E Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy. EM mazziotta@ba.infn.it; silvia.raino@ba.infn.it RI Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; OI De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 584 IS 2-3 BP 358 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.10.035 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 261LZ UT WOS:000253081800013 ER PT J AU Kouzes, RT Siciliano, ER Ely, JH Keller, PE McConn, RJ AF Kouzes, Richard T. Siciliano, Edward R. Ely, James H. Keller, Paul E. McConn, Ronald J. TI Passive neutron detection for interdiction of nuclear material at borders SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron detection; ship effect; portal monitor; radiation detection; homeland security; border security; detection of illicit materials; Monte Carlo modeling ID RADIATION PORTAL MONITORS; RAY INDUCED NEUTRONS; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; GROUND-LEVEL; SEA-LEVEL; INTENSITY; SPECTRUM; CARGO; FLUX; SUPPRESSION AB Radiation portal monitor systems based upon polyvinyl toluene scintillator gamma-ray detectors and pressurized He-3-based neutron detector tubes have been deployed to detect illicit trafficking in radioactive materials at international border crossings. This paper reviews the neutron detection requirements and capabilities of passive, as opposed to active interrogation, detection systems used for screening of high-volume commerce for illicit sources of radiation at international border crossings. Computational results are given for the impact of cargo materials on neutron spectra, for the response of various detector geometries, the effects of backgrounds including "ship effect" neutrons, and for simulation of a large neutron detection array. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kouzes, Richard T.; Siciliano, Edward R.; Ely, James H.; Keller, Paul E.; McConn, Ronald J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kouzes, RT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K7-36,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM richard.kouzes@pnl.gov NR 59 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 584 IS 2-3 BP 383 EP 400 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.10.026 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 261LZ UT WOS:000253081800016 ER PT J AU Aubert, B Bona, M Boutigny, D Couderc, F Karyotakis, Y Lees, JP Poireau, V Tisserand, V Zghiche, A Grauges, E Palano, A Chen, JC Qi, ND Rong, G Wang, P Zhu, YS Eigen, G Ofte, I Stugu, B Abrams, GS Battaglia, M Brown, DN Button-Shafer, J Cahn, RN Charles, E Gill, MS Groysman, Y Jacobsen, RG Kadyk, JA Kerth, LT Kolomensky, YG Kukartsev, G Pegna, DL Lynch, G Mir, LM Orimoto, TJ Pripstein, M Roe, NA Ronan, MT Wenzel, WA Sanchez, PD Barrett, M Ford, KE Harrison, TJ Hart, AJ Hawkes, CM Watson, AT Held, T Koch, H Lewandowski, B Pelizaeus, M Peters, K Schroeder, T Steinke, M Boyd, JT Burke, JP Cottingham, WN Walker, D Asgeirsson, DJ Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T Fulsom, BG Hearty, C Knecht, NS Mattison, TS McKenna, JA Khan, A Kyberd, P Saleem, M Sherwood, DJ Teodorescu, L Blinov, VE Bukin, AD Druzhinin, VP Golubev, VB Onuchin, AP Serednyakov, SI Skovpen, YI Solodov, EP Todyshev, KY Best, DS Bondioli, M Bruinsma, M Chao, M Curry, S Eschrich, I Kirkby, D Lankford, AJ Lund, P Mandelkern, M Roethel, W Stoker, DP Abachi, S Buchanan, C Foulkes, SD Gary, JW Long, O Shen, BC Wang, K Zhang, L Hadavand, HK Hill, EJ Paar, HP Rahatlou, S Sharma, V Berryhill, JW Campagnari, C Cunha, A Dahmes, B Hong, TM Kovalskyi, D Richman, JD Beck, TW Eisner, AM Flacco, CJ Heusch, CA Kroseberg, J Lockman, WS Nesom, G Schalk, T Schumm, BA Seiden, A Spradlin, P Williams, DC Wilson, MG Albert, J Chen, E Cheng, CH Dvoretskii, A Fang, F Hitlin, DG Narsky, I Piatenko, T Porter, FC Mancinelli, G Meadows, BT Mishra, K Sokoloff, MD Blanc, F Bloom, PC Chen, S Ford, WT Hirschauer, JF Kreisel, A Nagel, M Nauenberg, U Olivas, A Ruddick, WO Smith, JG Ulmer, KA Wagner, SR Zhang, J Chen, A Eckhart, EA Soffer, A Toki, WH Wilson, RJ Winklmeier, F Zeng, Q Altenburg, DD Feltresi, E Hauke, A Jasper, H Merkel, J Petzold, A Spaan, B Brandt, T Klose, V Lacker, HM Mader, WF Nogowski, R Schubert, J Schubert, KR Schwierz, R Sundermann, JE Volk, A Bernard, D Bonneaud, GR Latour, E Thiebaux, C Verderi, M Clark, PJ Gradl, W Muheim, F Playfer, S Robertson, AI Xie, Y Andreotti, M Bettoni, D Bozzi, C Calabrese, R Cibinetto, G Luppi, E Negrini, M Petrella, A Piemontese, L Prencipe, E Anulli, F Baldini-Ferroli, R Calcaterra, A de Sangro, R Finocchiaro, G Pacetti, S Patteri, P Peruzzi, IM Piccolo, M Rama, M Zallo, A Buzzo, A Contri, R Lo Vetere, M Macri, MM Monge, MR Passaggio, S Patrignani, C Robutti, E Santroni, A Tosi, S Brandenburg, G Chaisanguanthum, KS Lee, CL Morii, M Wu, J Dubitzky, RS Marks, J Schenk, S Uwer, U Bard, DJ Bhimji, W Bowerman, DA Dauncey, PD Egede, U Flack, RL Nash, JA Nikolich, MB Vazquez, WP Behera, PK Chai, X Charles, MJ Mallik, U Meyer, NT Ziegler, V Cochran, J Crawley, HB Dong, L Eyges, V Meyer, WT Prell, S Rosenberg, EI Rubin, AE Gritsan, AV Denig, AG Fritsch, M Schott, G Arnaud, N Davier, M Grosdidier, G Hocker, A Lepeltier, V Le Diberder, F Lutz, AM Oyanguren, A Pruvot, S Rodier, S Roudeau, P Schune, MH Serrano, J Stocchi, A Wang, WF Wormser, G Lange, DJ Wright, DM Chavez, CA Forster, IJ Fry, JR Gabathuler, E Gamet, R George, KA Hutchcroft, DE Payne, DJ Schofield, KC Touramanis, C Bevan, AJ Clarke, CK Di Lodovico, F Menges, W Sacco, R Cowan, G Flaecher, HU Hopkins, DA Jackson, PS McMahon, TR Salvatore, F Wren, AC Brown, DN Davis, CL Allison, J Barlow, NR Barlow, RJ Chia, YM Edgar, CL Lafferty, GD Naisbit, MT Williams, JC Yi, JI Chen, C Hulsbergen, WD Jawahery, A Lae, CK Roberts, DA Simi, G Blaylock, G Dallapiccola, C Hertzbach, SS Li, X Moore, TB Saremi, S Staengle, H Cowan, R Sciolla, G Sekula, SJ Spitznagel, M Taylor, F Yamamoto, RK Kim, H Mclachlin, SE Patel, PM Robertson, SH Lazzaro, A Lombardo, V Palombo, F Bauer, JM Cremaldi, L Eschenburg, V Godang, R Kroeger, R Sanders, DA Summers, DJ Zhao, HW Brunet, S Cote, D Simard, M Taras, P Viaud, FB Nicholson, H Cavallo, N De Nardo, G Fabozzi, F Gatto, C Lista, L Monorchio, D Paolucci, P Piccolo, D Sciacca, C Baak, MA Raven, G Snoek, HL Jessop, CP LoSecco, JM Benelli, G Corwin, LA Gan, KK Honscheid, K Hufnagel, D Jackson, PD Kagan, H Kass, R Rahimi, AM Regensburger, JJ Ter-Antonyan, R Wong, QK Blount, NL Brau, J Frey, R Igonkina, O Kolb, JA Lu, M Potter, CT Rahmat, R Sinev, NB Strom, D Strube, J Torrence, E Gaz, A Margoni, M Morandin, M Pompili, A Posocco, M Rotondo, M Simonetto, F Stroili, R Voci, C Benayoun, M Briand, H Chauveau, J David, P Del Buono, L de la Vaissiere, C Hamon, O Hartfiel, BL Leruste, P Malcles, J Ocariz, J Roos, L Therin, G Gladney, L Biasini, M Covarelli, R Angelini, C Batignani, G Bettarini, S Bucci, F Calderini, G Carpinelli, M Cenci, R Forti, F Giorgi, MA Lusiani, A Marchiori, G Mazur, MA Morganti, M Neri, N Paoloni, E Rizzo, G Walsh, JJ Haire, M Judd, D Wagoner, DE Biesiada, J Danielson, N Elmer, P Lau, YP Lu, C Olsen, J Smith, AJS Telnov, AV Bellini, F Cavoto, G D'Orazio, A del Re, D Di Marco, E Faccini, R Ferrarotto, F Ferroni, F Gaspero, M Gioi, LL Mazzoni, MA Morganti, S Piredda, G Polci, F Tehrani, FS Voena, C Ebert, M Schroder, H Waldi, R Adye, T Franek, B Olaiya, EO Ricciardi, S Wilson, FF Aleksan, R Emery, S Gaidot, A Ganzhur, SF de Monchenault, GH Kozanecki, W Legendre, M Vasseur, G Yeche, C Zito, M Chen, XR Liu, H Park, W Purohit, MV Wilson, JR Allen, MT Aston, D Bartoldus, R Bechtle, P Berger, N Claus, R Coleman, JP Convery, MR Dingfelder, JC Dorfan, J Dubois-Felsmann, GP Dujmic, D Dunwoodie, W Field, RC Glanzman, T Gowdy, SJ Graham, MT Grenier, P Halyo, V Hast, C Hryn'ova, T Innes, WR Kelsey, MH Kim, P Leith, DWGS Li, S Luitz, S Luth, V Lynch, HL MacFarlane, DB Marsiske, H Messner, R Muller, DR O'Grady, CP Ozcan, VE Perazzo, A Perl, M Pulliam, T Ratcliff, BN Roodman, A Salnikov, AA Schindler, RH Schwiening, J Snyder, A Stelzer, J Su, D Sullivan, MK Suzuki, K Swain, SK Thompson, JM Va'vra, J van Bakel, N Wagner, AP Weaver, M Weinstein, AJR Wisniewski, WJ Wittgen, M Wright, DH Wulsin, HW Yarritu, AK Yi, K Young, CC Burchat, PR Edwards, AJ Majewski, SA Petersen, BA Wilden, L Ahmed, S Alam, MS Bula, R Ernst, JA Jain, V Pan, B Saeed, MA Wappler, FR Zain, SB Bugg, W Krishnamurthy, M Spanier, SM Eckmann, R Ritchie, JL Satpathy, A Schilling, CJ Schwitters, RF Izen, JM Lou, XC Ye, S Bianchi, F Gallo, F Gamba, D Bomben, M Bosisio, L Cartaro, C Cossutti, F Della Ricca, G Dittongo, S Lanceri, L Vitale, L Azzolini, V Lopez-March, N Martinez-Vidal, F Banerjee, SW Bhuyan, B Brown, CM Fortin, D Hamano, K Kowalewski, R Nugent, IM Roney, JM Sobie, RJ Back, JJ Harrison, PF Latham, TE Mohanty, GB Pappagallo, M Band, HR Chen, X Cheng, B Dasu, S Datta, M Flood, KT Hollar, JJ Kutter, PE Mellado, B Mihalyi, A Pan, Y Pierini, M Prepost, R Wu, SL Yu, Z Neal, H AF Aubert, B. Bona, M. Boutigny, D. Couderc, F. Karyotakis, Y. Lees, J. P. Poireau, V. Tisserand, V. Zghiche, A. Grauges, E. Palano, A. Chen, J. C. Qi, N. D. Rong, G. Wang, P. Zhu, Y. S. Eigen, G. Ofte, I. Stugu, B. Abrams, G. S. Battaglia, M. Brown, D. N. Button-Shafer, J. Cahn, R. N. Charles, E. Gill, M. S. Groysman, Y. Jacobsen, R. G. Kadyk, J. A. Kerth, L. T. Kolomensky, Yu. G. Kukartsev, G. Pegna, D. Lopes Lynch, G. Mir, L. M. Orimoto, T. J. Pripstein, M. Roe, N. A. Ronan, M. T. Wenzel, W. A. Sanchez, P. del Amo Barrett, M. Ford, K. E. Harrison, T. J. Hart, A. J. Hawkes, C. M. Watson, A. T. Held, T. Koch, H. Lewandowski, B. Pelizaeus, M. Peters, K. Schroeder, T. Steinke, M. Boyd, J. T. Burke, J. P. Cottingham, W. N. Walker, D. Asgeirsson, D. J. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T. Fulsom, B. G. Hearty, C. Knecht, N. S. Mattison, T. S. McKenna, J. A. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Saleem, M. Sherwood, D. J. Teodorescu, L. Blinov, V. E. Bukin, A. D. Druzhinin, V. P. Golubev, V. B. Onuchin, A. P. Serednyakov, S. I. Skovpen, Yu. I. Solodov, E. P. Todyshev, K. Yu Best, D. S. Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, M. Curry, S. Eschrich, I. Kirkby, D. Lankford, A. J. Lund, P. Mandelkern, M. Roethel, W. Stoker, D. P. Abachi, S. Buchanan, C. Foulkes, S. D. Gary, J. W. Long, O. Shen, B. C. Wang, K. Zhang, L. Hadavand, H. K. Hill, E. J. Paar, H. P. Rahatlou, S. Sharma, V. Berryhill, J. W. Campagnari, C. Cunha, A. Dahmes, B. Hong, T. M. Kovalskyi, D. Richman, J. D. Beck, T. W. Eisner, A. M. Flacco, C. J. Heusch, C. A. Kroseberg, J. Lockman, W. S. Nesom, G. Schalk, T. Schumm, B. A. Seiden, A. Spradlin, P. Williams, D. C. Wilson, M. G. Albert, J. Chen, E. Cheng, C. H. Dvoretskii, A. Fang, F. Hitlin, D. G. Narsky, I. Piatenko, T. Porter, F. C. Mancinelli, G. Meadows, B. T. Mishra, K. Sokoloff, M. D. Blanc, F. Bloom, P. C. Chen, S. Ford, W. T. Hirschauer, J. F. Kreisel, A. Nagel, M. Nauenberg, U. Olivas, A. Ruddick, W. O. Smith, J. G. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. Zhang, J. Chen, A. Eckhart, E. A. Soffer, A. Toki, W. H. Wilson, R. J. Winklmeier, F. Zeng, Q. Altenburg, D. D. Feltresi, E. Hauke, A. Jasper, H. Merkel, J. Petzold, A. Spaan, B. Brandt, T. Klose, V. Lacker, H. M. Mader, W. F. Nogowski, R. Schubert, J. Schubert, K. R. Schwierz, R. Sundermann, J. E. Volk, A. Bernard, D. Bonneaud, G. R. Latour, E. Thiebaux, Ch. Verderi, M. Clark, P. J. Gradl, W. Muheim, F. Playfer, S. Robertson, A. I. Xie, Y. Andreotti, M. Bettoni, D. Bozzi, C. Calabrese, R. Cibinetto, G. Luppi, E. Negrini, M. Petrella, A. Piemontese, L. Prencipe, E. Anulli, F. Baldini-Ferroli, R. Calcaterra, A. de Sangro, R. Finocchiaro, G. Pacetti, S. Patteri, P. Peruzzi, I. M. Piccolo, M. Rama, M. Zallo, A. Buzzo, A. Contri, R. Lo Vetere, M. Macri, M. M. Monge, M. R. Passaggio, S. Patrignani, C. Robutti, E. Santroni, A. Tosi, S. Brandenburg, G. Chaisanguanthum, K. S. Lee, C. L. Morii, M. Wu, J. Dubitzky, R. S. Marks, J. Schenk, S. Uwer, U. Bard, D. J. Bhimji, W. Bowerman, D. A. Dauncey, P. D. Egede, U. Flack, R. L. Nash, J. A. Nikolich, M. B. Vazquez, W. Panduro Behera, P. K. Chai, X. Charles, M. J. Mallik, U. Meyer, N. T. Ziegler, V. Cochran, J. Crawley, H. B. Dong, L. Eyges, V. Meyer, W. T. Prell, S. Rosenberg, E. I. Rubin, A. E. Gritsan, A. V. Denig, A. G. Fritsch, M. Schott, G. Arnaud, N. Davier, M. Grosdidier, G. Hoecker, A. Lepeltier, V. Le Diberder, F. Lutz, A. M. Oyanguren, A. Pruvot, S. Rodier, S. Roudeau, P. Schune, M. H. Serrano, J. Stocchi, A. Wang, W. F. Wormser, G. Lange, D. J. Wright, D. M. Chavez, C. A. Forster, I. J. Fry, J. R. Gabathuler, E. Gamet, R. George, K. A. Hutchcroft, D. E. Payne, D. J. Schofield, K. C. Touramanis, C. Bevan, A. J. Clarke, C. K. Di Lodovico, F. Menges, W. Sacco, R. Cowan, G. Flaecher, H. U. Hopkins, D. A. Jackson, P. S. McMahon, T. R. Salvatore, F. Wren, A. C. Brown, D. N. Davis, C. L. Allison, J. Barlow, N. R. Barlow, R. J. Chia, Y. M. Edgar, C. L. Lafferty, G. D. Naisbit, M. T. Williams, J. C. Yi, J. I. Chen, C. Hulsbergen, W. D. Jawahery, A. Lae, C. K. Roberts, D. A. Simi, G. Blaylock, G. Dallapiccola, C. Hertzbach, S. S. Li, X. Moore, T. B. Saremi, S. Staengle, H. Cowan, R. Sciolla, G. Sekula, S. J. Spitznagel, M. Taylor, F. Yamamoto, R. K. Kim, H. Mclachlin, S. E. Patel, P. M. Robertson, S. H. Lazzaro, A. Lombardo, V. Palombo, F. Bauer, J. M. Cremaldi, L. Eschenburg, V. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. J. Zhao, H. W. Brunet, S. Cote, D. Simard, M. Taras, P. Viaud, F. B. Nicholson, H. Cavallo, N. De Nardo, G. Fabozzi, F. Gatto, C. Lista, L. Monorchio, D. Paolucci, P. Piccolo, D. Sciacca, C. Baak, M. A. Raven, G. Snoek, H. L. Jessop, C. P. LoSecco, J. M. Benelli, G. Corwin, L. A. Gan, K. K. Honscheid, K. Hufnagel, D. Jackson, P. D. Kagan, H. Kass, R. Rahimi, A. M. Regensburger, J. J. Ter-Antonyan, R. Wong, Q. K. Blount, N. L. Brau, J. Frey, R. Igonkina, O. Kolb, J. A. Lu, M. Potter, C. T. Rahmat, R. Sinev, N. B. Strom, D. Strube, J. Torrence, E. Gaz, A. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Pompili, A. Posocco, M. Rotondo, M. Simonetto, F. Stroili, R. Voci, C. Benayoun, M. Briand, H. Chauveau, J. David, P. Del Buono, L. de la Vaissiere, Ch. Hamon, O. Hartfiel, B. L. Leruste, Ph. Malcles, J. Ocariz, J. Roos, L. Therin, G. Gladney, L. Biasini, M. Covarelli, R. Angelini, C. Batignani, G. Bettarini, S. Bucci, F. Calderini, G. Carpinelli, M. Cenci, R. Forti, F. Giorgi, M. A. Lusiani, A. Marchiori, G. Mazur, M. A. Morganti, M. Neri, N. Paoloni, E. Rizzo, G. Walsh, J. J. Haire, M. Judd, D. Wagoner, D. E. Biesiada, J. Danielson, N. Elmer, P. Lau, Y. P. Lu, C. Olsen, J. Smith, A. J. S. Telnov, A. V. Bellini, F. Cavoto, G. D'Orazio, A. del Re, D. Di Marco, E. Faccini, R. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, F. Gaspero, M. Gioi, L. Li Mazzoni, M. A. Morganti, S. Piredda, G. Polci, F. Tehrani, F. Safai Voena, C. Ebert, M. Schroeder, H. Waldi, R. Adye, T. Franek, B. Olaiya, E. O. Ricciardi, S. Wilson, F. F. Aleksan, R. Emery, S. Gaidot, A. Ganzhur, S. F. de Monchenault, G. Hamel Kozanecki, W. Legendre, M. Vasseur, G. Yeche, Ch. 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Jain, V. Pan, B. Saeed, M. A. Wappler, F. R. Zain, S. B. Bugg, W. Krishnamurthy, M. Spanier, S. M. Eckmann, R. Ritchie, J. L. Satpathy, A. Schilling, C. J. Schwitters, R. F. Izen, J. M. Lou, X. C. Ye, S. Bianchi, F. Gallo, F. Gamba, D. Bomben, M. Bosisio, L. Cartaro, C. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Dittongo, S. Lanceri, L. Vitale, L. Azzolini, V. Lopez-March, N. Martinez-Vidal, F. Banerjee, S. W. Bhuyan, B. Brown, C. M. Fortin, D. Hamano, K. Kowalewski, R. Nugent, I. M. Roney, J. M. Sobie, R. J. Back, J. J. Harrison, P. F. Latham, T. E. Mohanty, G. B. Pappagallo, M. Band, H. R. Chen, X. Cheng, B. Dasu, S. Datta, M. Flood, K. T. Hollar, J. J. Kutter, P. E. Mellado, B. Mihalyi, A. Pan, Y. Pierini, M. Prepost, R. Wu, S. L. Yu, Z. Neal, H. TI Exclusive branching-fraction measurements of semileptonic tau decays into three charged hadrons, into phi pi(-)nu(tau), and into phi K(-)nu(tau) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STRANGE-QUARK MASS; PHYSICS; SYMMETRY; SEARCH AB Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 342 fb(-1) collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II electron-positron storage ring operating at a center-of-mass energy near 10.58 GeV, we measure B(tau(-)->pi(-)pi(-)pi(+)nu(tau)(ex.K(S)(0)))=(8.83 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.13)%, B(tau(-)-> K(-)pi(-)pi(+)nu(tau)(ex.K(S)(0)))=(0.273 +/- 0.002 +/- 0.009)%, B(tau(-)-> K(-)pi(-)K(+)nu(tau))=(0.1346 +/- 0.0010 +/- 0.0036)%, and B(tau(-)-> K(-)K(-)K(+)nu(tau))=(1.58 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.12)x10(-5), where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. These include significant improvements over previous measurements and a first measurement of B(tau(-)-> K(-)K(-)K(+)nu(tau)) in which no resonance structure is assumed. We also report a first measurement of B(tau(-)->phi pi(-)nu(tau))=(3.42 +/- 0.55 +/- 0.25)x10(-5), a new measurement of B(tau(-)->phi K(-)nu(tau))=(3.39 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.28)x10(-5) and a first upper limit on B(tau(-)-> K(-)K(-)K(+)nu(tau)(ex.phi)). C1 [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.] IN2P3 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Aubert, B.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; Karyotakis, Y.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V.; Tisserand, V.; Zghiche, A.; Buzzo, A.] Univ Savoie, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Grauges, E.] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Palano, A.] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Palano, A.] INFN, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Chen, J. C.; Qi, N. D.; Rong, G.; Wang, P.; Zhu, Y. S.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Ofte, I.; Stugu, B.] Univ Bergen, Inst Phys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Abrams, G. S.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D. N.; Button-Shafer, J.; Cahn, R. N.; Charles, E.; Gill, M. S.; Groysman, Y.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kadyk, J. A.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Kukartsev, G.; Pegna, D. Lopes; Lynch, G.; Mir, L. M.; Orimoto, T. J.; Pripstein, M.; Roe, N. A.; Ronan, M. T.; Wenzel, W. A.] Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abrams, G. S.; Battaglia, M.; Brown, D. N.; Button-Shafer, J.; Cahn, R. N.; Charles, E.; Gill, M. S.; Groysman, Y.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kadyk, J. A.; Kerth, L. T.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Kukartsev, G.; Pegna, D. Lopes; Lynch, G.; Mir, L. M.; Orimoto, T. J.; Pripstein, M.; Roe, N. A.; Ronan, M. T.; Wenzel, W. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sanchez, P. del Amo; Barrett, M.; Ford, K. E.; Harrison, T. J.; Hart, A. J.; Hawkes, C. M.; Watson, A. T.] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Held, T.; Koch, H.; Lewandowski, B.; Pelizaeus, M.; Peters, K.; Schroeder, T.; Steinke, M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Boyd, J. T.; Burke, J. P.; Cottingham, W. N.; Walker, D.] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Asgeirsson, D. J.; Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T.; Fulsom, B. G.; Hearty, C.; Knecht, N. S.; Mattison, T. S.; McKenna, J. A.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Saleem, M.; Sherwood, D. J.; Teodorescu, L.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Blinov, V. E.; Bukin, A. D.; Druzhinin, V. P.; Golubev, V. B.; Onuchin, A. P.; Serednyakov, S. I.; Skovpen, Yu. I.; Solodov, E. P.; Todyshev, K. Yu] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Best, D. S.; Bondioli, M.; Bruinsma, M.; Chao, M.; Curry, S.; Eschrich, I.; Kirkby, D.; Lankford, A. J.; Lund, P.; Mandelkern, M.; Roethel, W.; Stoker, D. P.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Abachi, S.; Buchanan, C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Foulkes, S. D.; Gary, J. W.; Long, O.; Shen, B. C.; Wang, K.; Zhang, L.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Hadavand, H. K.; Hill, E. J.; Paar, H. P.; Rahatlou, S.; Sharma, V.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Berryhill, J. W.; Campagnari, C.; Cunha, A.; Dahmes, B.; Hong, T. M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Richman, J. D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Beck, T. W.; Eisner, A. M.; Flacco, C. J.; Heusch, C. A.; Kroseberg, J.; Lockman, W. S.; Nesom, G.; Schalk, T.; Schumm, B. A.; Seiden, A.; Spradlin, P.; Williams, D. C.; Wilson, M. G.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Albert, J.; Chen, E.; Cheng, C. H.; Dvoretskii, A.; Fang, F.; Hitlin, D. G.; Narsky, I.; Piatenko, T.; Porter, F. C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Mancinelli, G.; Meadows, B. T.; Mishra, K.; Sokoloff, M. D.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Blanc, F.; Bloom, P. C.; Chen, S.; Ford, W. T.; Hirschauer, J. F.; Kreisel, A.; Nagel, M.; Nauenberg, U.; Olivas, A.; Ruddick, W. O.; Smith, J. G.; Ulmer, K. A.; Wagner, S. R.; Zhang, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, A.; Eckhart, E. A.; Soffer, A.; Toki, W. H.; Wilson, R. J.; Winklmeier, F.; Zeng, Q.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Altenburg, D. D.; Feltresi, E.; Hauke, A.; Jasper, H.; Merkel, J.; Petzold, A.; Spaan, B.] Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Brandt, T.; Klose, V.; Lacker, H. M.; Mader, W. F.; Nogowski, R.; Schubert, J.; Schubert, K. R.; Schwierz, R.; Sundermann, J. E.; Volk, A.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Bernard, D.; Bonneaud, G. R.; Latour, E.; Thiebaux, Ch.; Verderi, M.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Clark, P. J.; Gradl, W.; Muheim, F.; Playfer, S.; Robertson, A. I.; Xie, Y.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Andreotti, M.; Bettoni, D.; Bozzi, C.; Calabrese, R.; Cibinetto, G.; Luppi, E.; Negrini, M.; Petrella, A.; Piemontese, L.; Prencipe, E.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Anulli, F.; Baldini-Ferroli, R.; Calcaterra, A.; de Sangro, R.; Finocchiaro, G.; Pacetti, S.; Patteri, P.; Peruzzi, I. M.; Piccolo, M.; Zallo, A.] Lab Nazl Frascati INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Buzzo, A.; Contri, R.; Lo Vetere, M.; Macri, M. M.; Monge, M. R.; Passaggio, S.; Patrignani, C.; Robutti, E.; Santroni, A.; Tosi, S.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis & INFN, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Brandenburg, G.; Chaisanguanthum, K. S.; Lee, C. L.; Morii, M.; Wu, J.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Dubitzky, R. S.; Marks, J.; Schenk, S.; Uwer, U.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bard, D. J.; Bhimji, W.; Bowerman, D. A.; Dauncey, P. D.; Egede, U.; Flack, R. L.; Nash, J. A.; Nikolich, M. B.; Vazquez, W. Panduro] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Behera, P. K.; Chai, X.; Charles, M. J.; Mallik, U.; Meyer, N. T.; Ziegler, V.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Cochran, J.; Crawley, H. B.; Dong, L.; Eyges, V.; Meyer, W. T.; Prell, S.; Rosenberg, E. I.; Rubin, A. E.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gritsan, A. V.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Denig, A. G.; Fritsch, M.; Schott, G.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Arnaud, N.; Davier, M.; Grosdidier, G.; Hoecker, A.; Lepeltier, V.; Le Diberder, F.; Lutz, A. M.; Oyanguren, A.; Pruvot, S.; Rodier, S.; Roudeau, P.; Schune, M. H.; Serrano, J.; Stocchi, A.; Wang, W. F.; Wormser, G.] CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Arnaud, N.; Davier, M.; Grosdidier, G.; Hoecker, A.; Lepeltier, V.; Le Diberder, F.; Lutz, A. M.; Oyanguren, A.; Pruvot, S.; Rodier, S.; Roudeau, P.; Schune, M. H.; Serrano, J.; Stocchi, A.; Wang, W. F.; Wormser, G.] Univ Paris Sud 11, Ctr Sci Orsay, F-91898 Orsay, France. [Lange, D. J.; Wright, D. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Chavez, C. A.; Forster, I. J.; Fry, J. R.; Gabathuler, E.; Gamet, R.; George, K. A.; Hutchcroft, D. E.; Payne, D. J.; Schofield, K. C.; Touramanis, C.] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Bevan, A. J.; Clarke, C. K.; Di Lodovico, F.; Menges, W.; Sacco, R.] Univ London Queen Mary & Westfield Coll, London E1 4NS, England. [Cowan, G.; Flaecher, H. U.; Hopkins, D. A.; Jackson, P. S.; McMahon, T. R.; Salvatore, F.; Wren, A. C.] Univ London Royal Holloway & Bedford New Coll, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Brown, D. N.; Davis, C. L.] Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. [Allison, J.; Barlow, N. R.; Barlow, R. J.; Chia, Y. M.; Edgar, C. L.; Lafferty, G. D.; Naisbit, M. T.; Williams, J. C.; Yi, J. I.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Chen, C.; Hulsbergen, W. D.; Jawahery, A.; Lae, C. K.; Roberts, D. A.; Simi, G.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Blaylock, G.; Dallapiccola, C.; Hertzbach, S. S.; Li, X.; Moore, T. B.; Saremi, S.; Staengle, H.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Cowan, R.; Sciolla, G.; Sekula, S. J.; Spitznagel, M.; Taylor, F.; Yamamoto, R. K.] MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kim, H.; Mclachlin, S. E.; Patel, P. M.; Robertson, S. H.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Lazzaro, A.; Lombardo, V.; Palombo, F.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis & INFN, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Bauer, J. M.; Cremaldi, L.; Eschenburg, V.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Summers, D. J.; Zhao, H. W.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Brunet, S.; Cote, D.; Simard, M.; Taras, P.; Viaud, F. B.] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Nicholson, H.] Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Cavallo, N.; De Nardo, G.; Fabozzi, F.; Gatto, C.; Lista, L.; Monorchio, D.; Paolucci, P.; Piccolo, D.; Sciacca, C.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Baak, M. A.; Raven, G.; Snoek, H. L.] Natl Inst Nucl & High Energy Phys, NIKHEF, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Jessop, C. P.; LoSecco, J. M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Benelli, G.; Corwin, L. A.; Gan, K. K.; Honscheid, K.; Hufnagel, D.; Jackson, P. D.; Kagan, H.; Kass, R.; Rahimi, A. M.; Regensburger, J. J.; Ter-Antonyan, R.; Wong, Q. K.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Blount, N. L.; Brau, J.; Frey, R.; Igonkina, O.; Kolb, J. A.; Lu, M.; Potter, C. T.; Rahmat, R.; Sinev, N. B.; Strom, D.; Strube, J.; Torrence, E.] Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Gaz, A.; Margoni, M.; Morandin, M.; Pompili, A.; Posocco, M.; Rotondo, M.; Simonetto, F.; Stroili, R.; Voci, C.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Benayoun, M.; Briand, H.; Malcles, J.; Ocariz, J.; Roos, L.; Therin, G.] Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, Univ Paris 06, IN2P3 CNRS, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Gladney, L.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Biasini, M.; Covarelli, R.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Angelini, C.; Batignani, G.; Bettarini, S.; Bucci, F.; Calderini, G.; Carpinelli, M.; Cenci, R.; Forti, F.; Giorgi, M. A.; Lusiani, A.; Marchiori, G.; Mazur, M. A.; Morganti, M.; Neri, N.; Paoloni, E.; Rizzo, G.; Walsh, J. J.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, Scuola Normale Super, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Haire, M.; Judd, D.; Wagoner, D. E.] Prairie View A&M Univ, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA. [Biesiada, J.; Danielson, N.; Elmer, P.; Lau, Y. P.; Lu, C.; Olsen, J.; Smith, A. J. S.; Telnov, A. V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bellini, F.; Cavoto, G.; D'Orazio, A.; del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Faccini, R.; Ferrarotto, F.; Ferroni, F.; Gaspero, M.; Gioi, L. Li; Mazzoni, M. A.; Morganti, S.; Piredda, G.; Polci, F.; Tehrani, F. Safai; Voena, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Ebert, M.; Schroeder, H.; Waldi, R.] Univ Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Adye, T.; Franek, B.; Olaiya, E. O.; Ricciardi, S.; Wilson, F. F.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Aleksan, R.; Emery, S.; Gaidot, A.; Ganzhur, S. F.; de Monchenault, G. Hamel; Kozanecki, W.; Legendre, M.; Vasseur, G.; Yeche, Ch.; Zito, M.] CEA Saclay, DSM Dapnia, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Chen, X. R.; Liu, H.; Park, W.; Purohit, M. V.; Wilson, J. R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Allen, M. T.; Aston, D.; Bartoldus, R.; Bechtle, P.; Berger, N.; Claus, R.; Coleman, J. P.; Convery, M. R.; Dingfelder, J. C.; Dorfan, J.; Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.; Dujmic, D.; Dunwoodie, W.; Field, R. C.; Glanzman, T.; Gowdy, S. J.; Graham, M. T.; Grenier, P.; Halyo, V.; Hast, C.; Hryn'ova, T.; Innes, W. R.; Kelsey, M. H.; Kim, P.; Leith, D. W. G. S.; Li, S.; Luitz, S.; Luth, V.; Lynch, H. L.; MacFarlane, D. B.; Marsiske, H.; Messner, R.; Muller, D. R.; O'Grady, C. P.; Ozcan, V. E.; Perazzo, A.; Perl, M.; Pulliam, T.; Ratcliff, B. N.; Roodman, A.; Salnikov, A. A.; Schindler, R. H.; Schwiening, J.; Snyder, A.; Stelzer, J.; Su, D.; Sullivan, M. K.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S. K.; Thompson, J. M.; Va'vra, J.; van Bakel, N.; Wagner, A. P.; Weaver, M.; Weinstein, A. J. R.; Wisniewski, W. J.; Wittgen, M.; Wright, D. H.; Wulsin, H. W.; Yarritu, A. K.; Yi, K.; Young, C. C.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Burchat, P. R.; Edwards, A. J.; Majewski, S. A.; Petersen, B. A.; Wilden, L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, S.; Alam, M. S.; Bula, R.; Ernst, J. A.; Jain, V.; Pan, B.; Saeed, M. A.; Wappler, F. R.; Zain, S. B.] SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Bugg, W.; Krishnamurthy, M.; Spanier, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Eckmann, R.; Ritchie, J. L.; Satpathy, A.; Schilling, C. J.; Schwitters, R. F.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Izen, J. M.; Lou, X. C.; Ye, S.] Univ Texas Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Bianchi, F.; Gallo, F.; Gamba, D.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Bomben, M.; Bosisio, L.; Cartaro, C.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Dittongo, S.; Lanceri, L.; Vitale, L.] Univ Trieste, Dipartmento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Azzolini, V.; Lopez-March, N.; Martinez-Vidal, F.] Univ Politecn Valencia CSIC, IFIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Banerjee, S. W.; Bhuyan, B.; Brown, C. M.; Fortin, D.; Hamano, K.; Kowalewski, R.; Nugent, I. M.; Roney, J. M.; Sobie, R. J.] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Back, J. J.; Harrison, P. F.; Latham, T. E.; Mohanty, G. B.; Pappagallo, M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Band, H. R.; Chen, X.; Cheng, B.; Dasu, S.; Datta, M.; Flood, K. T.; Hollar, J. J.; Kutter, P. E.; Mellado, B.; Mihalyi, A.; Pan, Y.; Pierini, M.; Prepost, R.; Wu, S. L.; Yu, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Neal, H.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aubert, B (reprint author), IN2P3 CNRS, Phys Particules Lab, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/J-7455-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012; Peters, Klaus/C-2728-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Bellini, Fabio/D-1055-2009; Neri, Nicola/G-3991-2012; Forti, Francesco/H-3035-2011; Rotondo, Marcello/I-6043-2012; Patrignani, Claudia/C-5223-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Pappagallo, Marco/R-3305-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Negrini, Matteo/C-8906-2014; Monge, Maria Roberta/G-9127-2012; Oyanguren, Arantza/K-6454-2014; Luppi, Eleonora/A-4902-2015; van Bakel, Niels/B-6233-2015; Calabrese, Roberto/G-4405-2015; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/G-7212-2015; Martinez Vidal, F*/L-7563-2014; Kolomensky, Yury/I-3510-2015; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/J-5049-2012; Lusiani, Alberto/N-2976-2015; Lusiani, Alberto/A-3329-2016 OI Saeed, Mohammad Alam/0000-0002-3529-9255; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Peters, Klaus/0000-0001-7133-0662; Bellini, Fabio/0000-0002-2936-660X; Neri, Nicola/0000-0002-6106-3756; Forti, Francesco/0000-0001-6535-7965; Rotondo, Marcello/0000-0001-5704-6163; Patrignani, Claudia/0000-0002-5882-1747; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Pappagallo, Marco/0000-0001-7601-5602; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Raven, Gerhard/0000-0002-2897-5323; Negrini, Matteo/0000-0003-0101-6963; Monge, Maria Roberta/0000-0003-1633-3195; Oyanguren, Arantza/0000-0002-8240-7300; Luppi, Eleonora/0000-0002-1072-5633; van Bakel, Niels/0000-0002-4053-7588; Calabrese, Roberto/0000-0002-1354-5400; Mir, Lluisa-Maria/0000-0002-4276-715X; Martinez Vidal, F*/0000-0001-6841-6035; Kolomensky, Yury/0000-0001-8496-9975; Lo Vetere, Maurizio/0000-0002-6520-4480; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288; Lusiani, Alberto/0000-0002-6876-3288 NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 011801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.011801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500009 ER PT J AU Friddle, RW AF Friddle, Raymond W. TI Experimental free energy surface reconstruction from single-molecule force spectroscopy using Jarzynski's equality - Comment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material AB A Comment on the Letter by Nolan C. Harris, Yang Song, and Ching-Hwa Kiang, [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 068101 (2007)]. The authors of the Letter offer a Reply. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Friddle, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 019801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.019801 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500093 PM 18232836 ER PT J AU Froula, DH Divol, L London, RA Michel, P Berger, RL Meezan, NB Neumayer, P Ross, JS Wallace, R Glenzer, SH AF Froula, D. H. Divol, L. London, R. A. Michel, P. Berger, R. L. Meezan, N. B. Neumayer, P. Ross, J. S. Wallace, R. Glenzer, S. H. TI Pushing the limits of plasma length in inertial-fusion laser-plasma interaction experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; SIMULATIONS; SCATTERING; TARGETS AB We demonstrate laser beam propagation and low backscatter in laser produced hohlraum plasmas of ignition plasma length. At intensities I < 5x10(14) W cm(-2) greater than 80% of the energy in a blue (3 omega, 351 nm) laser is transmitted through a L=5-mm long, high-temperature (T-e=2.5 keV), high-density (n(e)=5x10(20) cm(-3)) plasma. These experiments show that the backscatter scales exponentially with plasma length which is consistent with linear theory. The backscatter calculated by a new steady state 3D laser-plasma interaction code developed for large ignition plasmas is in good agreement with the measurements. C1 [Froula, D. H.; Divol, L.; London, R. A.; Michel, P.; Berger, R. L.; Meezan, N. B.; Neumayer, P.; Ross, J. S.; Wallace, R.; Glenzer, S. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Froula, DH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM froula1@llnl.gov RI Michel, Pierre/J-9947-2012 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 015002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.015002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500035 PM 18232778 ER PT J AU Green, JS Ovchinnikov, VM Evans, RG Akli, KU Azechi, H Beg, FN Bellei, C Freeman, RR Habara, H Heathcote, R Key, MH King, JA Lancaster, KL Lopes, NC Ma, T MacKinnon, AJ Markey, K McPhee, A Najmudin, Z Nilson, P Onofrei, R Stephens, R Takeda, K Tanaka, KA Theobald, W Tanimoto, T Waugh, J Van Woerkom, L Woolsey, NC Zepf, M Davies, JR Norreys, PA AF Green, J. S. Ovchinnikov, V. M. Evans, R. G. Akli, K. U. Azechi, H. Beg, F. N. Bellei, C. Freeman, R. R. Habara, H. Heathcote, R. Key, M. H. King, J. A. Lancaster, K. L. Lopes, N. C. Ma, T. MacKinnon, A. J. Markey, K. McPhee, A. Najmudin, Z. Nilson, P. Onofrei, R. Stephens, R. Takeda, K. Tanaka, K. A. Theobald, W. Tanimoto, T. Waugh, J. Van Woerkom, L. Woolsey, N. C. Zepf, M. Davies, J. R. Norreys, P. A. TI Effect of laser intensity on fast-electron-beam divergence in solid-density plasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATED FAST ELECTRONS; FAST-IGNITER; OVERDENSE PLASMA; FUSION IGNITION; TARGETS; PULSES; PETAWATT; REAR AB Metal foil targets were irradiated with 1 mu m wavelength (lambda) laser pulses of 5 ps duration and focused intensities (I) of up to 4x10(19) W cm(-2), giving values of both I lambda(2) and pulse duration comparable to those required for fast ignition inertial fusion. The divergence of the electrons accelerated into the target was determined from spatially resolved measurements of x-ray K-alpha emission and from transverse probing of the plasma formed on the back of the foils. Comparison of the divergence with other published data shows that it increases with I lambda(2) and is independent of pulse duration. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations reproduce these results, indicating that it is a fundamental property of the laser-plasma interaction. C1 [Green, J. S.; Evans, R. G.; Heathcote, R.; Lancaster, K. L.; Norreys, P. A.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Green, J. S.; Evans, R. G.; Bellei, C.; Najmudin, Z.; Norreys, P. A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Ovchinnikov, V. M.; Freeman, R. R.; Van Woerkom, L.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Key, M. H.; MacKinnon, A. J.; McPhee, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Waugh, J.; Woolsey, N. C.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Beg, F. N.; King, J. A.; Ma, T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Habara, H.; Tanaka, K. A.; Tanimoto, T.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Azechi, H.; Takeda, K.] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Akli, K. U.; Stephens, R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Nilson, P.; Theobald, W.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Onofrei, R.; Davies, J. R.] Inst Super Tecn, GoLp, Ctr Fis Plasmas, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Markey, K.; Zepf, M.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Phys & Mat, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Green, JS (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RI Nilson, Philip/A-2493-2011; Davies, Jonathan/J-2611-2012; Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; Zepf, Matt/M-1232-2014; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; Azechi, Hiroshi/H-5876-2015; Lopes, Nelson/C-6540-2009 OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141; Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; Lopes, Nelson/0000-0001-8355-4727 NR 25 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 015003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.015003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500036 PM 18232779 ER PT J AU Langanke, K Martinez-Pinedo, G Muller, B Janka, HT Marek, A Hix, WR Juodagalvis, A Sampaio, JM AF Langanke, K. Martinez-Pinedo, G. Mueller, B. Janka, H. -Th. Marek, A. Hix, W. R. Juodagalvis, A. Sampaio, J. M. TI Effects of inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering on supernova dynamics and radiated neutrino spectra SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; EQUATION-OF-STATE; WEAK-INTERACTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; SIMULATIONS; MATTER; HYDRODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; TRANSPORT; STARS AB Based on the shell model for Gamow-Teller and the random phase approximation for forbidden transitions, we calculate cross sections for inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (INNS) under supernova (SN) conditions, assuming a matter composition given by nuclear statistical equilibrium. The cross sections are incorporated into state-of-the-art stellar core-collapse simulations with detailed energy-dependent neutrino transport. While no significant effect on the SN dynamics is observed, INNS increases the neutrino opacities noticeably and strongly reduces the high-energy tail of the neutrino spectrum emitted in the neutrino burst at shock breakout. Relatedly the expected event rates for the observation of such neutrinos by earthbound detectors are reduced by up to about 60%. C1 [Langanke, K.; Martinez-Pinedo, G.] Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, D-64259 Darmstadt, Germany. [Langanke, K.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Mueller, B.; Janka, H. -Th.; Marek, A.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hix, W. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Juodagalvis, A.] Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Sampaio, J. M.] Univ Lisbon, Ctr Fis Nucl, P-1649003 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Langanke, K (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch mbH, Planckstr 1, D-64259 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Sampaio, Jorge/M-4750-2013 OI Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Sampaio, Jorge/0000-0003-4359-493X NR 35 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 011101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.011101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500007 PM 18232750 ER PT J AU Lany, S Zunger, A AF Lany, Stephan Zunger, Alex TI Intrinsic DX centers in ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID II-VI; CUINSE2 AB In III-V and II-VI semiconductors, certain nominally electron-donating impurities do not release electrons but instead form deep electron-traps known as "DX centers." While in these compounds, such traps occur only after the introduction of foreign impurity atoms, we find from first-principles calculations that in ternary I-III-VI(2) chalcopyrites like CuInSe(2) and CuGaSe(2), DX-like centers can develop without the presence of any extrinsic impurities. These intrinsic DX centers are suggested as a cause of the difficulties to maintain high efficiencies in CuInSe(2)-based thin-film solar-cells when the band gap is increased by addition of Ga. C1 [Lany, Stephan; Zunger, Alex] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lany, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013; OI Lany, Stephan/0000-0002-8127-8885 NR 25 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 016401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.016401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500049 PM 18232792 ER PT J AU Leem, CS Kim, BJ Kim, C Park, SR Ohta, T Bostwick, A Rotenberg, E Kim, HD Kim, MK Choi, HJ Kim, C AF Leem, C. S. Kim, B. J. Kim, Chul Park, S. R. Ohta, T. Bostwick, A. Rotenberg, E. Kim, H. -D. Kim, M. K. Choi, H. J. Kim, C. TI Effect of linear density of states on the quasiparticle dynamics and small electron-phonon coupling in graphite SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL GRAPHITE; INVERSE PHOTOEMISSION; BAND-STRUCTURE; LIFETIME; ENERGY; SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION AB We obtained the spectral function of very high quality natural graphite single crystals using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. A clear separation of nonbonding and bonding bands and asymmetric lineshape are observed. The asymmetric line shapes are well accounted for by the finite photoelectron escape depth and the band structure. The extracted width of the spectral function (inverse of the photohole life time) near the K point is, beyond the maximum phonon energy, approximately proportional to the energy as expected from the linear density of states near the Fermi energy. The upper bound for the electron-phonon coupling constant is about 0.2, a much smaller value than the previously reported one. C1 [Leem, C. S.; Kim, Chul; Park, S. R.; Kim, M. K.; Choi, H. J.; Kim, C.] Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, B. J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, B. J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Ctr Strongly Correlated Mat Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Ohta, T.; Bostwick, A.; Rotenberg, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, H. -D.] Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Leem, CS (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM cykim@phya.yonsei.ac.kr RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010; Choi, Hyoung Joon/N-8933-2015 OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Choi, Hyoung Joon/0000-0001-8565-8597 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 016802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.016802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500059 PM 18232802 ER PT J AU Melko, RG Kaul, RK AF Melko, Roger G. Kaul, Ribhu K. TI Scaling in the fan of an unconventional quantum critical point SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-STATE; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; TRANSITIONS; MODEL; SPIN AB We present results of extensive finite-temperature quantum Monte Carlo simulations on a SU(2) symmetric S=1/2 quantum antiferromagnet with four-spin interaction [A. W. Sandvik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 227202 (2007)]. Our simulations, which are free of the sign problem and carried out on lattices containing in excess of 1.6x10(4) spins, indicate that the four-spin interaction destroys the Neel order at an unconventional z=1 quantum critical point, producing a valence-bond solid paramagnet. Our results are consistent with the "deconfined quantum criticality" scenario. C1 [Melko, Roger G.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Melko, Roger G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kaul, Ribhu K.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Melko, RG (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RI Kaul, Ribhu/E-3752-2012 NR 16 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 017203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.017203 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500069 PM 18232812 ER PT J AU Wang, RM Dmitrieva, O Farle, M Dumpich, G Ye, HQ Poppa, H Kilaas, R Kisielowski, C AF Wang, R. M. Dmitrieva, O. Farle, M. Dumpich, G. Ye, H. Q. Poppa, H. Kilaas, R. Kisielowski, C. TI Layer resolved structural relaxation at the surface of magnetic FePt icosahedral nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; SMALL PARTICLES; RECONSTRUCTION; SEGREGATION; OXYGEN AB The periodic shell structure and surface reconstruction of metallic FePt nanoparticles with icosahedral structure has been quantitatively studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with focal series reconstruction with sub-angstrom resolution. The icosahedral FePt nanoparticles fabricated by the gas phase condensation technique in vacuum have been found to be surprisingly oxidation resistant and stable under electron beam irradiation. We find the lattice spacing of (111) planes in the surface region to be size dependent and to expand by as much as 9% with respect to the bulk value of Fe(52)Pt(48). Controlled removal of the (111) surface layers in situ results in a similar outward relaxation of the new surface layer. This unusually large layerwise outward relaxation is discussed in terms of preferential Pt segregation to the surface forming a Pt enriched shell around a Fe-rich Fe/Pt core. C1 [Wang, R. M.] Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Sch Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wang, R. M.; Poppa, H.; Kilaas, R.; Kisielowski, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dmitrieva, O.; Farle, M.; Dumpich, G.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fachbereich Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Dmitrieva, O.; Farle, M.; Dumpich, G.] Univ Duisburg Essen, Ctr Nanointegrat, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. [Ye, H. Q.] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Wang, RM (reprint author), Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Sch Sci, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM rmwang@buaa.edu.cn; farle@uni-due.de; CFKisielowski@lbl.gov RI Wang, Rongming/B-2163-2010; OI Wang, Rongming/0000-0003-4075-6956; Farle, Michael/0000-0002-1864-3261 NR 26 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 55 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 1 AR 017205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.017205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250FN UT WOS:000252285500071 PM 18232814 ER PT J AU Gray, S AF Gray, Stephen TI Introduction to quantum mechanics - A time-dependent perspective SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Gray, Stephen] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gray, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gray@tcg.anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5860 BP 161 EP 161 DI 10.1126/science.1151473 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 249RC UT WOS:000252246400023 ER PT J AU Bianchi, AD Kenzelmann, M DeBeer-Schmitt, L White, JS Forgan, EM Mesot, J Zolliker, M Kohlbrecher, J Movshovich, R Bauer, ED Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z Petrovic, C Eskildsen, MR AF Bianchi, Andrea D. Kenzelmann, Michel DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa White, Jon S. Forgan, Edward M. Mesot, Joel Zolliker, Markus Kohlbrecher, Joachim Movshovich, Roman Bauer, Eric. D. Sarrao, John L. Fisk, Zachary Petrovic, Cedomir Eskildsen, Morten Ring TI Superconducting vortices in CeCoIn5: Toward the Pauli-limiting field SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRITICAL-POINT; D-WAVE; LATTICE; STATE; CORE AB Many superconducting materials allow the penetration of magnetic fields in a mixed state in which the superfluid is threaded by a regular lattice of Abrikosov vortices, each carrying one quantum of magnetic flux. The phenomenological Ginzburg- Landau theory, based on the concept of characteristic length scales, has generally provided a good description of the Abrikosov vortex lattice state. We conducted neutron- scattering measurements of the vortex lattice form factor in the heavy- fermion superconductor cerium- cobalt- indium ( CeCoIn5) and found that this form factor increases with increasing field- opposite to the expectations within the Abrikosov- Ginzburg- Landau paradigm. We propose that the anomalous field dependence of the form factor arises from Pauli paramagnetic effects around the vortex cores and from the proximity of the superconducting state to a quantum critical point. C1 [Bianchi, Andrea D.; Fisk, Zachary] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kenzelmann, Michel] ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Kenzelmann, Michel; Mesot, Joel; Kohlbrecher, Joachim] ETH, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Zolliker, Markus] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Dev & Methods, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa; Eskildsen, Morten Ring] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [White, Jon S.; Forgan, Edward M.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Movshovich, Roman; Bauer, Eric. D.; Sarrao, John L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petrovic, Cedomir] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bianchi, AD (reprint author), Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, CP 6128, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. EM andrea.bianchi@umontreal.ca RI Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Eskildsen, Morten/E-7779-2011; Kohlbrecher, Joachim/C-8790-2011; White, Jonathan/G-2742-2010; DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/I-3313-2015; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937; Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; Kohlbrecher, Joachim/0000-0001-5879-6943; White, Jonathan/0000-0001-7738-0150; DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/0000-0001-9679-3444; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 32 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 11 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5860 BP 177 EP 180 DI 10.1126/science.1150600 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 249RC UT WOS:000252246400033 PM 18187648 ER PT J AU Wang, P Abel, T AF Wang, Peng Abel, Tom TI Dynamical treatment of virialization heating in galaxy formation SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; early universe; galaxies : formation ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; GAS; HISTORY; MODELS; SHOCKS; MASS; SIMULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT; BIMODALITY AB In a hierarchical picture of galaxy formation virialization continually transforms gravitational potential energy into kinetic energies of the baryonic and dark matter. For the gaseous component the kinetic, turbulent energy is transformed eventually into internal thermal energy through shocks and viscous dissipation. Traditionally this virialization and shock heating has been assumed to occur instantaneously, allowing an estimate of the gas temperature to be derived from the virial temperature defined from the embedding dark matter halo velocity dispersion. As the mass grows the virial temperature of a halo grows. Mass accretion hence can be translated into a heating term. We derive this heating rate from the extended Press Schechter formalism and demonstrate its usefulness in semianalytical models of galaxy formation. Our method explicitly conserves energy, unlike the previous impulsive heating assumptions. Our formalism can trivially be applied in all current semianalytical models as the heating term can be computed directly from the underlying merger trees. Our analytic results for the first cooling halos and the transition from cold to hot accretion are in agreement with numerical simulations. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pengwang@stanford.edu; tabel@stanford.edu NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 752 EP 756 DI 10.1086/523623 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100002 ER PT J AU Gnedin, NY Kravtsov, AV Chen, HW AF Gnedin, Nickolay Y. Kravtsov, Andrey V. Chen, Hsiao-Wen TI Escape of ionizing radiation from high-redshift galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : dwarf; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; methods : numerical; stars : formation ID LYMAN-CONTINUUM EMISSION; SMALL-MAGELLANIC-CLOUD; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LOW-MASS GALAXIES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS; ALPHA FOREST; INTERSTELLAR ABUNDANCES; OB ASSOCIATIONS; YOUNG GALAXIES AB We model the escape of ionizing radiation from high-redshift galaxies using high-resolution adaptive mesh refinement N-body + hydrodynamics simulations. Our simulations include the time-dependent and spatially resolved transfer of ionizing radiation in three dimensions, including the effects of dust absorption. For galaxies of total mass M greater than or similar to 10(11) M-circle dot and star formation rates SFR approximate to 1-5M(circle dot) yr(-1), we find angular averaged escape fractions of 1%-3% over the entire redshift interval studied (3 < z < 9). In addition, we find that the escape fraction varies by more than an order of magnitude along different lines of sight within individual galaxies, from the largest values near galactic poles to the smallest along the galactic disk. The escape fraction declines steeply at lower masses and SFR. We show that the low values of escape fractions are due to a small fraction of young stars located just outside the edge of the H I disk. This fraction, and hence the escape fraction, is progressively smaller in disks of smaller galaxies because their H I disks are thicker and more extended relative to the distribution of young stars compared to massive galaxies. We compare our predicted escape fraction of ionizing photons with previous results and find a general agreement with both other simulation results and available direct detection measurements at z similar to 3. We also compare our simulations with a novel method to estimate the escape fraction in galaxies from the observed distribution of neutral hydrogen column densities along the lines of sight to long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Using this method we find escape fractions of the GRB host galaxies of 2%-3%, consistent with our theoretical predictions. Our results thus suggest that high-redshift galaxies are inefficient in releasing ionizing radiation produced by young stars into the intergalactic medium. C1 [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.; Chen, Hsiao-Wen] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kravtsov, Andrey V.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Gnedin, NY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM gnedin@fnal.gov NR 54 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 765 EP 775 DI 10.1086/524007 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100004 ER PT J AU Kataoka, J Madejski, G Sikora, M Roming, P Chester, MM Grupe, D Tsubuku, Y Sato, R Kawai, N Tosti, G Impiombato, D Kovalev, YY Kovalev, YA Edwards, PG Wagner, SJ Moderski, R Stawarz, L Takahashi, T Watanabe, S AF Kataoka, J. Madejski, G. Sikora, M. Roming, P. Chester, M. M. Grupe, D. Tsubuku, Y. Sato, R. Kawai, N. Tosti, G. Impiombato, D. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, Y. A. Edwards, P. G. Wagner, S. J. Moderski, R. Stawarz, L. Takahashi, T. Watanabe, S. TI Multiwavelength observations of the powerful gamma-ray quasar PKS 1510-089: Clues on the jet composition SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; galaxies : jets; quasars : individual (PKS 1510-089); X-rays : galaxies ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RADIO-LOUD QUASARS; BURST ALERT TELESCOPE; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; RELATIVISTIC JET; BOARD SUZAKU; BL LACERTAE; BULK COMPTONIZATION; EXTRAGALACTIC JETS; AMBIENT RADIATION AB We present the results from a multiwavelength campaign conducted in 2006 August of the powerful gamma-ray quasar PKS 1510-089 (z = 0.361). This campaign commenced with a deep Suzaku observation lasting 3 days for a total exposure time of 120 ks and continued with Swift monitoring over 18 days. Besides Swift observations, the campaign included ground-based optical and radio data and yielded a quasi-simultaneous broadband spectrum from 10(9) to 10(19) Hz. The Suzaku observation provided a high signal-to-noise ratio X-ray spectrum, which is well represented by an extremely hard power law with a photon index of Gamma similar or equal to 1.2, augmented by a soft component apparent below 1 keV, which is well described by a blackbody model with a temperature of kT similar or equal to 0.2 keV. Monitoring by Suzaku revealed temporal variability that differs between the low- and high-energy bands, again suggesting the presence of a second, variable component in addition to the primary power-law emission. We model the broadband spectrum, assuming that the high-energy spectral component results from Comptonization of infrared radiation produced by hot dust located in the surrounding molecular torus. The adopted internal shock scenario implies that the power of the jet is dominated by protons, but with a number of electrons and/or positrons that exceeds the number of protons by a factor of similar to 10. We also find that inhomogeneities responsible for the shock formation prior to the collision may produce bulk Compton radiation, which can explain the observed soft X-ray excess and possible excess at similar to 18 keV. We note, however, that the bulk Compton interpretation is not unique, as discussed briefly in the text. C1 [Kataoka, J.; Tsubuku, Y.; Sato, R.; Kawai, N.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Madejski, G.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Madejski, G.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sikora, M.] Nicholus Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Roming, P.; Chester, M. M.; Grupe, D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tosti, G.; Impiombato, D.] Univ Perugia, Dept Phys, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Tosti, G.; Impiombato, D.] Univ Perugia, Astron Observ, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Kovalev, Y. Y.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Kovalev, Y. Y.; Kovalev, Y. A.] Ctr Astro Space, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Edwards, P. G.] Australia Telescope Natl Facil, CSIRO, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia. [Wagner, S. J.] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Takahashi, T.; Watanabe, S.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Dept High Energy Astrophys, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. RP Kataoka, J (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. RI Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Kovalev, Yuri/J-5671-2013; Kovalev, Yuri/N-1053-2015; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Kovalev, Yuri/0000-0001-9303-3263; NR 96 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 787 EP 799 DI 10.1086/523093 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100006 ER PT J AU Marin, FA Wechsler, RH Frieman, JA Nichol, RC AF Marin, Felipe A. Wechsler, Risa H. Frieman, Joshua A. Nichol, Robert C. TI Modeling the galaxy three-point correlation function SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : formation; galaxies : halos; galaxies : statistics; large-scale structure of universe ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; HALO OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION; REDSHIFT-SPACE DISTORTIONS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; SDSS GALAXIES; EXTRAGALACTIC OBJECTS; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; POWER SPECTRUM AB We present new predictions for the galaxy three-point correlation function (3PCF) using high-resolution dissipationless cosmological simulations of a flat Lambda CDM universe which resolve galaxy-size halos and subhalos. We create realistic mock galaxy catalogs by assigning luminosities and colors to dark matter halos and subhalos, and we measure the reduced 3PCF as a function of luminosity and color in both real and redshift space. As galaxy luminosity and color are varied, we find small differences in the amplitude and shape dependence of the reduced 3PCF, at a level qualitatively consistent with recent measurements from the SDSS and 2dFGRS. We confirm that discrepancies between previous 3PCF measurements can be explained in part by differences in binning choices. We explore the degree to which a simple local bias model can fit the simulated 3PCF. The agreement between the model predictions and galaxy 3PCF measurements lends further credence to the straightforward association of galaxies with CDM halos and subhalos. C1 [Marin, Felipe A.; Wechsler, Risa H.; Frieman, Joshua A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wechsler, Risa H.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Wechsler, Risa H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Frieman, Joshua A.] Ctr Particle Astrophys, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Nichol, Robert C.] Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 2EG, Hants, England. RP Marin, FA (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM fmarinp@uchicago.edu NR 70 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 849 EP 860 DI 10.1086/523628 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100011 ER PT J AU Baron, E Jeffery, DJ Branch, D Bravo, E Garcia-Senz, D Hauschildt, PH AF Baron, E. Jeffery, David J. Branch, David Bravo, Eduardo Garcia-Senz, Domingo Hauschildt, Peter H. TI Detailed spectral modeling of a three-dimensional pulsating reverse detonation model: Too much nickel SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : atmospheres; supernovae : individual (SN 1992A, SN 1994D, SN 2006D) ID WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; INTERMEDIATE-MASS NUCLEI; IA SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION; STELLAR ATMOSPHERE PROGRAM; LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; DELAYED-DETONATION; MAXIMUM LIGHT; NON-LTE; PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION; WHITE-DWARFS AB We calculate detailed non-LTE synthetic spectra of a pulsating reverse detonation (PRD) model, a novel explosion mechanism for Type Ia supernovae. While the hydro models are calculated in three dimensions, the spectra use an angle-averaged hydro model and thus some of the three-dimensional (3D) details are lost, but the overall average should be a good representation of the average observed spectra. We study the model at three epochs: maximum light, 7 days prior to maximum light, and 5 days after maximum light. At maximum the defining Si II feature is prominent, but there is also a prominent C II feature, not usually observed in normal SNe Ia near maximum. We compare to the early spectrum of SN 2006D, which did show a prominent C II feature, but the fit to the observations is not compelling. Finally, we compare to the postmaximum UV+optical spectrum of SN 1992A. With the broad spectral coverage it is clear that the iron-peak elements on the outside of the model push too much flux to the red and thus the particular PRD realizations studied would be intrinsically far redder than observed SNe Ia. We briefly discuss variations that could improve future PRD models. C1 [Baron, E.; Jeffery, David J.; Branch, David] Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Baron, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bravo, Eduardo; Garcia-Senz, Domingo] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Fis & Engn Nucl, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Jeffery, David J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Bravo, Eduardo; Garcia-Senz, Domingo] Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain. [Hauschildt, Peter H.] Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. RP Baron, E (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Homer L Dodge Dept Phys & Astron, 440 W Brooks,Room 100, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM baron@nhnou.edu; jeffery@nhn.ou.edu; eduardo.bravo@upc.edu; domingo.garcia@upc.edu; yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009; Bravo, Eduardo/B-1790-2008; OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608; Bravo, Eduardo/0000-0003-0894-6450 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 1038 EP 1042 DI 10.1086/524009 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100025 ER PT J AU Gehrz, RD Woodward, CE Helton, LA Polomski, EF Hayward, TL Houck, JR Evans, A Krautter, J Shore, SN Starrfield, S Truran, J Schwarz, GJ Wagner, RM AF Gehrz, Robert D. Woodward, Charles E. Helton, L. Andrew Polomski, Elisha F. Hayward, Thomas L. Houck, James R. Evans, A. Krautter, Joachim Shore, Steven N. Starrfield, Sumner Truran, James Schwarz, G. J. Wagner, R. Mark TI The neon abundance in the ejecta of QU Vulpeculae from late-epoch infrared spectra SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars : individual (QU Vul, Nova Vul 1984 # 2) ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CLASSICAL NOVAE; IRON PROJECT; ATOMIC DATA; SPECTROGRAPH; EXCITATION; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; CONDENSATION; COEFFICIENTS; NEIII AB We present ground-based SpectroCam-10 mid-infrared, MMT optical, and Spitzer Space Telescope IRS mid-infrared spectra taken 7.62, 18.75, and 19.38 yr, respectively, after the outburst of the old classical nova QU Vulpeculae (Nova Vul 1984# 2). The spectra of the ejecta are dominated by forbidden line emission from neon and oxygen. Our analysis shows that neon was, at the first and last epochs respectively, more than 76 and 168 times overabundant by number with respect to hydrogen compared to the solar value. These high lower limits to the neon abundance confirm that QU Vul involved a thermonuclear runaway on an ONeMg white dwarf, and approach the yields predicted by models of the nucleosynthesis in such events. C1 [Gehrz, Robert D.; Woodward, Charles E.; Helton, L. Andrew; Polomski, Elisha F.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hayward, Thomas L.] Gemini Observ, So Operat Ctr, La Serena, Chile. [Houck, James R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Evans, A.] Univ Keele, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Krautter, Joachim] Landessternwarte Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Shore, Steven N.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Shore, Steven N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Starrfield, Sumner] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Truran, James] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Truran, James] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schwarz, G. J.] W Chester Univ, Dept Geol & Astron, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Wagner, R. Mark] Univ Arizona, Large Binocular Telescope Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gehrz, RD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, 116 Chruch Str SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM yehrz@astro.umn.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 672 IS 2 BP 1167 EP 1173 DI 10.1086/523660 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 266RG UT WOS:000253454100038 ER PT J AU Kubicek, CP Baker, S Gamauf, C Kenerley, CM Druzhinina, IS AF Kubicek, Christian P. Baker, Scott Gamauf, Christian Kenerley, Charles M. Druzhinina, Irina S. TI Purifying selection and birth-and-death evolution in the class II hydrophobin gene families of the ascomycete Trichoderma/Hypocrea SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; SCHIZOPHYLLUM-COMMUNE; MULTIPLE ALIGNMENTS; FUNGAL HYDROPHOBINS; POSITIVE SELECTION; MULTIGENE FAMILIES; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; BIOCONTROL; REESEI AB Background: Hydrophobins are proteins containing eight conserved cysteine residues that occur uniquely in mycelial fungi. Their main function is to confer hydrophobicity to fungal surfaces in contact with air or during attachment of hyphae to hydrophobic surfaces of hosts, symbiotic partners or themselves resulting in morphogenetic signals. Based on their hydropathy patterns and solubility characteristics, hydrophobins are divided into two classes ( I and II), the latter being found only in ascomycetes. Results: We have investigated the mechanisms driving the evolution of the class II hydrophobins in nine species of the mycoparasitic ascomycetous genus Trichoderma/ Hypocrea, using three draft sequenced genomes ( H. jecorina = T. reesei, H. atroviridis = T. atroviride; H. virens = T. virens) an additional 14,000 ESTs from six other Trichoderma spp. ( T. asperellum, H. lixii = T. harzianum, T. aggressivum var. europeae, T. longibrachiatum, T. cf. viride). The former three contained six, ten and nine members, respectively. Ten is the highest number found in any ascomycete so far. All the hydrophobins we examined had the conserved four beta- strands/ one helix structure, which is stabilized by four disulfide bonds. In addition, a small number of these hydrophobins ( HFBs) contained an extended N- terminus rich in either proline and aspartate, or glycine- asparagine. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a mosaic of terminal clades containing duplicated genes and shows only three reasonably supported clades. Calculation of the ratio of differences in synonymous vs. non- synonymous nucleotide substitutions provides evidence for strong purifying selection ( K(S)/ K(a) >> 1). A genome database search for class II HFBs from other ascomycetes retrieved a much smaller number of hydrophobins ( 2 - 4) from each species, and most were from Sordariomycetes. A combined phylogeny of these sequences with those of Trichoderma showed that the Trichoderma HFBs mostly formed their own clades, whereas those of other Sordariomycetes occurred in shared clades. Conclusion: Our study shows that the genus Trichoderma/ Hypocrea has a proliferated arsenal of class II hydrophobins which arose by birth- and- death evolution followed by purifying selection. C1 [Kubicek, Christian P.; Gamauf, Christian; Druzhinina, Irina S.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Res Area Gene Technol & Appl Biochem, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Baker, Scott] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Fungal Biotechnol Team, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kenerley, Charles M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kubicek, CP (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Chem Engn, Res Area Gene Technol & Appl Biochem, Getreidemarkt 9-1665, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. EM ckubicek@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at; scott.baker@pnl.gov; gamauf@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at; c-kenerley@neo.tamu.edu; druzhini@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at NR 76 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 4 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-4 PG 16 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 267XE UT WOS:000253541700001 PM 18186925 ER PT J AU Krnjajic, M Kottas, A Draper, D AF Krnjajic, Milovan Kottas, Athanasios Draper, David TI Parametric and nonparametric Bayesian model specification: A case study involving models for count data SO COMPUTATIONAL STATISTICS & DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE dirichlet process mixture model; Markov chain Monte Carlo methods; random-effects Poisson model; stochastically ordered distributions ID DIRICHLET PROCESS MIXTURE; DISTRIBUTIONS; INFERENCE; PRIORS AB In this paper we present the results of a simulation study to explore the ability of Bayesian parametric and nonparametric models to provide an adequate fit to count data of the type that would routinely be analyzed parametrically either through fixed-effects or random-effects Poisson models. The context of the study is a randomized controlled trial with two groups (treatment and control). Our nonparametric approach uses several modeling formulations based on Dirichlet process priors. We find that the nonparametric models are able to flexibly adapt to the data, to offer rich posterior inference, and to provide, in a variety of settings, more accurate predictive inference than parametric models. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Krnjajic, Milovan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kottas, Athanasios; Draper, David] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Krnjajic, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-227, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM milovan@ams.ucsc.edu; thanos@ams.ucsc.edu; draper@ams.ucsc.edu NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9473 J9 COMPUT STAT DATA AN JI Comput. Stat. Data Anal. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 52 IS 4 BP 2110 EP 2128 DI 10.1016/j.csda.2007.07.010 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 264JL UT WOS:000253283500023 ER PT J AU Gatti-Bono, C AF Gatti-Bono, Caroline TI Coupling and decoupling of the acoustic and gravity waves through perturbational analysis of the Euler equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE non-hydrostatic atmospheric model; gravity waves C1 [Gatti-Bono, Caroline] Ctr Appl Sci Computing, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gatti-Bono, C (reprint author), Ctr Appl Sci Computing, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-560, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cbono@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 1609 EP 1612 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.024 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 258IC UT WOS:000252860600001 ER PT J AU Jia, J Huang, JF AF Jia, Jun Huang, Jingfang TI Krylov deferred correction accelerated method of lines transpose for parabolic problems SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Krylov subspace methods; Krylov deferred correction; method of lines; preconditioners; parabolic partial differential equations ID ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; HELMHOLTZ-EQUATION; POISSON SOLVER; 2 DIMENSIONS; INTEGRATION AB In this paper, a new class of numerical methods for the accurate and efficient solutions of parabolic partial differential equations is presented. Unlike traditional method of lines (MoL), the new Krylov deferred correction (KDC) accelerated method of lines transpose (MoLT) first discretizes the temporal direction using Gaussian type nodes and spectral integration, and symbolically applies low-order time marching schemes to form a preconditioned elliptic system, which is then solved iteratively using Newton-Krylov techniques such as Newton-GMRES or Newton-BiCGStab method. Each function evaluation in the Newton-Krylov method is simply one low-order time-stepping approximation of the error by solving a decoupled system using available fast elliptic equation solvers. Preliminary numerical experiments show that the KDC accelerated MoL T technique is unconditionally stable, can be spectrally accurate in both temporal and spatial directions, and allows optimal time-stepsizes in long-time simulations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jia, Jun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huang, Jingfang] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jia, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jiaj@ornl.gov; huang@amath.unc.edu NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 1739 EP 1753 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.018 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 258IC UT WOS:000252860600009 ER PT J AU Elman, H Howle, VE Shadid, J Shuttleworth, R Tuminaro, R AF Elman, Howard Howle, V. E. Shadid, John Shuttleworth, Robert Tuminaro, Ray TI A taxonomy and comparison of parallel block multi-level preconditioners for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE incompressible flow; Navier-Stokes; iterative methods ID SADDLE-POINT PROBLEMS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; FLOW; FORMULATIONS; PERFORMANCE AB In recent years, considerable effort has been placed on developing efficient and robust solution algorithms for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations based on preconditioned Krylov methods. These include physics-based methods, such as SIMPLE, and purely algebraic preconditioners based on the approximation of the Schur complement. All these techniques can be represented as approximate block factorization (ABF) type preconditioners. The goal is to decompose the application of the preconditioner into simplified sub-systems in which scalable multi-level type solvers can be applied. In this paper we develop a taxonomy of these ideas based on an adaptation of a generalized approximate factorization of the Navier-Stokes system first presented in [A. Quarteroni, F. Saleri, A. Veneziani, Factorization methods for the numerical approximation of Navier-Stokes equations, Computational Methods in Applied Mechanical Engineering 188 (2000) 505-526]. This taxonomy illuminates the similarities and differences among these preconditioners and the central role played by efficient approximation of certain Schur complement operators. We then present a parallel computational study that examines the performance of these methods and compares them to an additive Schwarz domain decomposition (DD) algorithm. Results are presented for two and three-dimensional steady state problems for enclosed domains and inflow/outflow systems on both structured and unstructured meshes. The numerical experiments are performed using MPSalsa, a stabilized finite element code. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Elman, Howard] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Howle, V. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shadid, John] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Shuttleworth, Robert] Univ Maryland, Ctr Sci Computat & Mathemat Modeling, Appl Math & Sci Computing Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tuminaro, Ray] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Elman, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM elman@cs.umd.edu; vehowle@sandia.gov; jnshadi@cs.sandia.gov; rshuttle@math.umd.edu; rstumin@sandia.gov RI Elman, Howard/F-6517-2011 OI Elman, Howard/0000-0002-8886-9901 NR 33 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 1790 EP 1808 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.026 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 258IC UT WOS:000252860600012 ER PT J AU Martin, DF Colella, P Graves, D AF Martin, Daniel F. Colella, Phillip Graves, Daniel TI A cell-centered adaptive projection method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE adaptive mesh refinement; incompressible flow; projection methods ID HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; EMBEDDED BOUNDARY METHOD; EULER EQUATIONS; MESH REFINEMENT; HEAT-EQUATION; FLOWS; GEOMETRIES; 2ND-ORDER AB We present a method for computing incompressible viscous flows in three dimensions using block-structured local refinement in both space and time. This method uses a projection formulation based on a cell-centered approximate projection, combined with the systematic use of multilevel elliptic solvers to compute increments in the solution generated at boundaries between refinement levels due to refinement in time. We use an L-0-stable second-order semi-implicit scheme to evaluate the viscous terms. Results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of this approach. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Martin, Daniel F.; Colella, Phillip; Graves, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Martin, DF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DFMartin@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 1863 EP 1886 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.032 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 258IC UT WOS:000252860600015 ER PT J AU Kadioglu, SY Klein, R Minion, ML AF Kadioglu, Samet Y. Klein, Rupert Minion, Michael L. TI A fourth-order auxiliary variable projection method for zero-Mach number gas dynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE impulse methods; gauge methods; auxiliary variable methods; projection methods; deferred corrections; gas dynamics ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; VISCOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE-FLOW; DEFERRED CORRECTION METHODS; ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; SEMIIMPLICIT NUMERICAL SCHEME; CONSISTENT MASS MATRIX; FRACTIONAL-STEP METHOD; FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; FLUID-FLOW; EULER EQUATIONS AB A fourth-order numerical method for the zero-Mach-number limit of the equations for compressible flow is presented. The method is formed by discretizing a new auxiliary variable formulation of the conservation equations, which is a variable density analog to the impulse or gauge formulation of the incompressible Euler equations. An auxiliary variable projection method is applied to this formulation, and accuracy is achieved by combining a fourth-order finite-volume spatial discretization with a fourth-order temporal scheme based on spectral deferred corrections. Numerical results are included which demonstrate fourth-order spatial and temporal accuracy for non-trivial flows in simple geometries. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Minion, Michael L.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Kadioglu, Samet Y.] Adv Nucl Energy Syst Dept, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Klein, Rupert] Free Univ Berlin, Konrad Zuse Zentrum Informat Tech, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Minion, ML (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Math, Phillips Hall,CB 3250, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM samet.kadioglu@ini.gov; rupert.klein@zib.de; minion@amath.unc.edu RI Minion, Michael/B-2235-2008 NR 78 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 2012 EP 2043 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.10.008 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 258IC UT WOS:000252860600021 ER PT J AU Kadioglu, SY Sussman, M AF Kadioglu, Samet Y. Sussman, Mark TI Adaptive solution techniques for simulating underwater explosions and implosions SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE AMR; semi-implicit; CLSVOF; multi-phase; under-water explosions and implosions ID INCOMPRESSIBLE 2-PHASE FLOWS; PRESSURE-CORRECTION METHOD; COUPLED LEVEL SET; OF-FLUID METHOD; PROJECTION METHOD; MESH REFINEMENT; UNIFIED FORMULATION; COMPRESSIBLE FLOW; ATMOSPHERIC FLOW; EQUATIONS AB Adaptive solution techniques are presented for simulating underwater explosions and implosions. The liquid is assumed to be an adiabatic fluid and the solution in the gas is assumed to be uniform in space. The solution in water is integrated in time using a semi-implicit time discretization of the adiabatic Euler equations. Results are presented either using a non-conservative semi-implicit algorithm or a conservative semi-implicit algorithm. A semi-implicit algorithm allows one to compute with relatively large time steps compared to an explicit method. The interface solver is based on the coupled level set and volurne-of-fluid method (CLSVOF) [M. Sussman, A second order coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method for computing growth and collapse of vapor bubbles, J. Comput. Phys. 187 (2003) 110-136; M. Sussman, E.G. Puckett, A coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method for computing 3D and axisymmetric incompressible two-phase flows, J. Comput. Phys. 162 (2000) 301-337]. Several underwater explosion and implosion test cases are presented to show the performances of our proposed techniques. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kadioglu, Samet Y.] Adv Nucl Energy Syst Dept, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Sussman, Mark] Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Kadioglu, SY (reprint author), Adv Nucl Energy Syst Dept, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, PO Box 1625,MS 3885, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Samet.Kadioglu@ini.gov; sussman@math.fsu.edu NR 34 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 2083 EP 2104 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.10.019 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 258IC UT WOS:000252860600024 ER PT J AU Shestakov, AI Offner, SSR AF Shestakov, Aleksei I. Offner, Stella S. R. TI A multigroup diffusion solver using pseudo transient continuation for a radiation-hydrodynamic code with patch-based AMR SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE multigroup radiation diffusion; pseudo transient continuation; radiation-hydrodynamic codes with AMR ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; PSEUDOTRANSIENT CONTINUATION; EQUATIONS; BENCHMARK; TRANSPORT; SCHEME AB We present a scheme to solve the nonlinear multigroup radiation diffusion (MGD) equations. The method is incorporated into a massively parallel, multidimensional, Eulerian radiation-hydrodynamic code with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR). The patch-based AMR algorithm refines in both space and time creating a hierarchy of levels, coarsest to finest. The physics modules are time-advanced using operator splitting. On each level, separate "level-solve" packages advance the modules. Our multigroup level-solve adapts an implicit procedure which leads to a two-step iterative scheme that alternates between elliptic solves for each group with intra-cell group coupling. For robustness, we introduce pseudo transient continuation (Psi tc). We analyze the magnitude of the Psi tc parameter to ensure positivity of the resulting linear system, diagonal dominance and convergence of the two-step scheme. For AMR, a level defines a subdomain for refinement. For diffusive processes such as MGD, the refined level uses Dirichlet boundary data at the coarse-fine interface and the data is derived from the coarse level solution. After advancing on the fine level, an additional procedure, the sync-solve (SS), is required in order to enforce conservation. The MGD SS reduces to an elliptic solve on a combined grid for a system of G equations, where G is the number of groups. We adapt the "partial temperature" scheme for the SS; hence, we reuse the infrastructure developed for scalar equations. Results are presented. We consider a multigroup test problem with a known analytic solution. We demonstrate utility of Psi tc by running with increasingly larger timesteps. Lastly, we simulate the sudden release of energy Y inside an Al sphere (r = 15 cm) suspended in air at STP. For Y = 11 kT, we find that gray radiation diffusion and MGD produce similar results. However, if Y = 1 NIT, the two packages yield different results. Our large Y simulation contradicts a long-standing theory and demonstrates the inadequacy of gray diffusion. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Shestakov, Aleksei I.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Offner, Stella S. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shestakov, AI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM shestakov@llnl.gov; soffner@berkely.edu NR 27 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 3 BP 2154 EP 2186 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.019 PG 33 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 258IC UT WOS:000252860600028 ER PT J AU Niederhaus, JHJ Greenough, JA Oakley, JG Ranjan, D Anderson, MH Bonazza, R AF Niederhaus, John H. J. Greenough, J. A. Oakley, J. G. Ranjan, D. Anderson, M. H. Bonazza, R. TI A computational parameter study for the three-dimensional shock-bubble interaction SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; HYPERBOLIC CONSERVATION-LAWS; CIRCULATION DEPOSITION; INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; GAS INHOMOGENEITY; WAVES; INSTABILITY; REFRACTION; INTERFACE; FLOWS AB The morphology and time-dependent integral properties of the multifluid compressible flow resulting from the shock-bubble interaction in a gas environment are investigated using a series of three-dimensional multifluid-Eulerian simulations. The bubble consists of a spherical gas volume of radius 2.54cm (128 grid points), which is accelerated by a planar shock wave. Fourteen scenarios are considered: four gas pairings, including Atwood numbers -0.8 < A < 0.7, and shock strengths 1.1 < M <= 5.0. The data are queried at closely spaced time intervals to obtain the time-dependent volumetric compression, mean bubble fluid velocity, circulation and extent of mixing in the shocked-bubble flow. Scaling arguments based on various properties computed from one-dimensional gasdynamics are found to collapse the trends in these quantities successfully for fixed A. However, complex changes in the shock-wave refraction pattern introduce effects that do not scale across differing gas pairings, and for some scenarios with A > 0.2, three-dimensional (non-axisymmetric) effects become particularly significant in the total enstrophy at late times. A new model for the total velocity circulation is proposed, also based on properties derived from one-dimensional gasdynamics, which compares favourably with circulation data obtained from calculations, relative to existing models. The action of nonlinear-acoustic effects and primary and secondary vorticity production is depicted in sequenced visualizations of the density and vorticity fields, which indicate the significance of both secondary vorticity generation and turbulent effects, particularly for M > 2 and A > 0.2. Movies are available with the online version of the paper. C1 [Niederhaus, John H. J.; Oakley, J. G.; Ranjan, D.; Anderson, M. H.; Bonazza, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Greenough, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Niederhaus, JHJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI Ranjan, Devesh/0000-0002-1231-9313 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 EI 1469-7645 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 594 BP 85 EP 124 DI 10.1017/S0022112007008749 PG 40 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 256HK UT WOS:000252718800005 ER PT J AU Zeng, LY Balachandar, S Fischer, P Najjar, F AF Zeng, Lanying Balachandar, S. Fischer, Paul Najjar, Fady TI Interactions of a stationary finite-sized particle with wall turbulence SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR SHEAR-FLOW; SOLID 2-PHASE FLOW; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; CHANNEL FLOW; BOUNDARY-LAYER; LIFT FORCE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; LDV MEASUREMENTS; HEAT-TRANSFER; RIGID SPHERE AB Reliable information on forces on a finite-sized particle in a turbulent boundary layer is lacking, so workers continue to use standard drag and lift correlations developed for a laminar flow to predict drag and lift forces. Here we consider direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow over an isolated particle of finite size. The size of the particle and its location within the turbulent channel are systematically varied. All relevant length and time scales of turbulence, attached boundary layers on the particle, and particle wake are faithfully resolved, and thus we consider fully resolved direct numerical simulations. The results from the direct numerical simulation are compared with corresponding predictions based on the standard drag relation with and without the inclusion of added-mass and shear-induced lift forces. The influence of turbulent structures, such as streaks, quasi-streamwise vortices and hairpin packets, on particle force is explored. The effect of vortex shedding is also observed to be important for larger particles, whose Re exceeds a threshold. C1 [Zeng, Lanying; Balachandar, S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fischer, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Najjar, Fady] Univ Illinois, Ctr Simulat Adv Rockets, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zeng, LY (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Theoret & Appl Mech, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Balachandar, Sivaramakrishnan/E-7358-2011 NR 62 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 594 BP 271 EP 305 DI 10.1017/S0022112007009056 PG 35 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 256HK UT WOS:000252718800011 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, NK Su, MC Michael, JV Jasper, AW Klippenstein, SJ Harding, LB AF Srinivasan, N. K. Su, M. -C. Michael, J. V. Jasper, A. W. Klippenstein, S. J. Harding, L. B. TI Thermal decomposition of CF3 and the reaction of CF2+OH -> CF2O+H SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIREFERENCE PERTURBATION-THEORY; TEMPERATURE RATE CONSTANTS; REFLECTED SHOCK-TUBE; CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; BASIS-SETS; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; PREDICTIVE THEORY; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; H-ATOMS; GAS AB The reflected shock tube technique with multipass absorption spectrometric detection (at a total path length of similar to 1.75 m) of OH-radicals at 308 nm has been used to study the dissociation of CF3-radicals [CF3 + Kr -> CF2 + F + Kr (a)] between 1803 and 2204 K at three pressures between similar to 230 and 680 Torr. The OH-radical concentration buildup resulted from the fast reaction F + H2O -> OH + HF (b). Hence, OH is a marker for F-atoms. To extract rate constants for reaction (a), the [OH] profiles were modeled with a chemical mechanism. The initial rise in [OH] was mostly sensitive to reactions (a) and (b), but the long time values were additionally affected by CF2 + OH -> CF2O + H (c). Over the experimental temperature range, rate constants for (a) and (c) were. determined from the mechanistic fits to be k(CF3+Kr) = 4.61 x 10(-9) exp(-30020 K/T) and k(CF2+OH) = (1.6 +/- 0.6) x 10(-10), both in units of cml molecule(-1) s(-1). Reaction (a), its reverse recombination reaction reaction (-a), and reaction (c) are also studied theoretically. Reactions (c) and (-a) are studied with direct CASPT2 variable reaction coordinate transition state theory. A master equation analysis for reaction (a) incorporating the ab initio determined reactive flux for reaction (-a) suggests that this reaction is close to but not quite in the low-pressure limit for the pressures studied experimentally. In contrast, reaction (c) is predicted to be in the high-pressure limit due to the high exothermicity of the products. A comparison with past and present experimental results demonstrates good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the present data for both (a) and (c). C1 [Srinivasan, N. K.; Su, M. -C.; Michael, J. V.; Jasper, A. W.; Klippenstein, S. J.; Harding, L. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Su, M. -C.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. RP Michael, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmichael@anl.gov RI Jasper, Ahren/A-5292-2011; Michael, Joe/E-3907-2010; OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1021/jp076344u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247ZY UT WOS:000252122300005 PM 18062678 ER PT J AU Engelke, R Blais, NC Sheffield, SA AF Engelke, Ray Blais, Normand C. Sheffield, Stephen A. TI Mass spectroscopic observation of shock-induced chemistry in liquid CS2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO MO; CARBON-DISULFIDE; RADICAL CATIONS; COMPRESSION; SPECTROMETRY; GENERATION; DISULPHIDE; PRESSURE AB We have observed, via time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 13 chemical species more massive than CS2 produced by shocking liquid CS2 to very high pressure/temperature. The stoichiometry of three of these species is uniquely determined-from the (CS2)-C-12 experiments; these species are C2S2, C3S2, and C4S2. The stoichiometry of the other 10 structures cannot be uniquely determined from (CS2)-C-12 experiments. However, by redoing the experiments using isotopically labeled CS2 (i.e., (CS2)-C-13), we determined the stoichiometry of nine of the remaining structures. The nine structures are S-n (n = 3-8) and CS3, C2S5, and C4S6. A structure with mass 297.1 amu was also observed in the (CS2)-C-12 experiments but was not detected in the (CS2)-C-13 experiments. This structure must be C6S7, C14S4, or C22S; given the low carbon content of the other observed carbon species, it is probably C6S7. The shockwaves to which the CS2 molecules were subjected were produced by the detonation of high mass-density solid explosives. The explosives used were either a plastic bonded form of cyclotetramethlylene tetranitramine or pure hexanitrostilbene. Numerical compressible fluid-mechanical simulations were done to estimate the pressures, temperatures, and time scales of the processes that occurred in the shocked CS2. The results obtained in the present experiments are related to earlier work on CS2'S chemical reactivity that used both shockwave methods and static techniques to produce very high pressure. C1 [Engelke, Ray; Blais, Normand C.; Sheffield, Stephen A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Engelke, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P952, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 DI 10.1021/jp0777364 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247ZY UT WOS:000252122300008 PM 18052357 ER PT J AU Sun, J Lyles, BF Yu, KH Weddell, J Pople, J Hetzer, M De Kee, D Russo, PS AF Sun, Jirun Lyles, Bethany F. Yu, Keunok Han Weddell, Jaime Pople, John Hetzer, Max De Kee, Daniel Russo, Paul S. TI Diffusion of dextran probes in a self-assembled fibrous gel composed of two-dimensional arborols SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE PHOTOBLEACHING RECOVERY; 2-DIRECTIONAL CASCADE MOLECULES; SEMIDILUTE POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; THERMOREVERSIBLE GELATION; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; SOLUTE DIFFUSION; TRACER DIFFUSION AB Two-dimensional arborols are bolaform amphiphiles in which a central, hydrophobic spacer separates twin hydrophilic ends. Under appropriate conditions, these relatively small molecules assemble into very long fibers; subsequently, the system gels if the arborol concentration is sufficiently high. The diffusion of linear or slightly branched dextran probes in 3 and 6% arborol gels, as determined by fluorescence photobleaching recovery, resembles that of dextrans in water, suggesting a highly open network structure. Melting the gels produces almost no change in diffusion of the dextran probes. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of wet arborol gels at different concentrations and temperatures, reveals the diameter of the repeating unit of the fibers to be 8.26 +/- 0.68 nm. This dimension, which is independent of concentration and temperature, exceeds the length of a single arborol molecule by about a factor of 3. Rheological investigation identifies the linear response regime of the gels and permits an examination of the weak correlation between dextran probe diffusion and gel viscoelasticity. C1 [Sun, Jirun; Lyles, Bethany F.; Weddell, Jaime; Russo, Paul S.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sun, Jirun; Lyles, Bethany F.; Weddell, Jaime; Russo, Paul S.] Louisiana State Univ, Macromol Studies Grp, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Yu, Keunok Han] Kunsan Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Kunsan 573360, South Korea. [Pople, John] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hetzer, Max; De Kee, Daniel] Tulane Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Russo, PS (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM paul.russo@chem.lsu.edu RI Russo, Paul/G-6473-2012 NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1021/jp077050b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 247ZZ UT WOS:000252122400006 PM 18069819 ER PT J AU Jin, H O'Hare, B Dong, J Arzhantsev, S Baker, GA Wishart, JF Benesi, AJ Maroncelli, M AF Jin, Hui O'Hare, Bernie Dong, Jing Arzhantsev, Sergei Baker, Gary A. Wishart, James F. Benesi, Alan J. Maroncelli, Mark TI Physical properties of ionic liquids consisting of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with various anions and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion with various cations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Review ID FLUORINE CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; SURFACE-TENSION MEASUREMENTS; COMPLETE SOLVATION RESPONSE; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; COHESIVE ENERGY; MOLTEN-SALTS; NILE-RED; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ROTATIONAL-DYNAMICS; SOLVATOCHROMIC DYE AB Physical properties of 4 room-temperature ionic liquids consisting of the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation with various perfluorinated anions and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2N-) anion with 12 pyrrolidinium-, ammonium-, and hydroxyl-containing cations are reported. Electronic structure methods are used to calculate properties related to the size, shape, and dipole moment of individual ions. Experimental measurements of phase-transition temperatures, densities, refractive indices, surface tensions, solvatochromic polarities based on absorption of Nile Red, F-19 chemical shifts of the Tf2N- anion, temperature-dependent viscosities, conductivities, and cation diffusion coefficients are reported. Correlations among the measured quantities as well as the use of surface tension and molar volume for estimating Hildebrand solubility parameters of ionic liquids are also discussed. C1 [Jin, Hui; O'Hare, Bernie; Dong, Jing; Arzhantsev, Sergei; Benesi, Alan J.; Maroncelli, Mark] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Baker, Gary A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wishart, James F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Maroncelli, M (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, 104 Chem Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM maroncelli@psu.edu RI Jin, Hui/B-1837-2010; Maroncelli, Mark/A-1800-2012; Wishart, James/L-6303-2013; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636; Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 119 TC 232 Z9 234 U1 12 U2 134 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1021/jp076462h PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 247ZZ UT WOS:000252122400012 PM 18069817 ER PT J AU Murarka, RK Head-Gordon, T AF Murarka, Rajesh K. Head-Gordon, Teresa TI Dielectric relaxation of aqueous solutions of hydrophilic versus amphiphilic peptides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION DYNAMICS; CANONICAL ENSEMBLE; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; WATER DYNAMICS; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; FORCES AB We report on molecular dynamics simulations of the frequency-dependent dielectric relaxation spectra at room temperature for aqueous solutions of a hydrophilic peptide and an amphiphilic peptide at two concentrations. We find that only the high-concentration amphiphilic peptide solution exhibits an anomalous dielectric increment over, that of pure water, while the hydrophilic peptide exhibits a significant dielectric decrement. The dielectric component analysis carried out by decomposing these peptide solutions into peptide, hydration layer, and outer layer(s) of water clearly shows the presence of a unique dipolar component with a relaxation time scale on the order of similar to 25 ps (compared to the bulk water time scale of similar to 11ps) that originates from the interaction between the hydration layer water and the outer layer(s) of water. Results obtained from the dielectric component analysis further show the emergence of a distinct and much lower frequency relaxation process for the high-concentration amphiphilic peptide compared to the hydrophilic peptide due to strong peptide dipolar couplings to all constituents, accompanied by a slowing of the structural relaxation in all water layers, giving rise to time scales close to similar to 1 ns. We suggest that the molecular origin of the dielectric relaxation anomalies is due to frustration in the water network arising from the amphiphilic chemistry of the peptide that does not allow it to reorient on the picosecond time scale of bulk water motions. This explanation is consistent with the idea of the "slaving" of residue side chain motions to protein surface water, and furthermore offers the possibility that the anomalous dynamics observed from a number of spectroscopies arises at the interface of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains on the protein surface. C1 [Murarka, Rajesh K.; Head-Gordon, Teresa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Head-Gordon, Teresa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1021/jp073440m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 247ZZ UT WOS:000252122400023 PM 18069810 ER PT J AU Zhao, X Payne, CM Cummings, PT AF Zhao, Xiongce Payne, Christina M. Cummings, Peter T. TI Controlled translocation of DNA segments through nanoelectrode gaps from molecular dynamics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; NANOPORE; CONDUCTANCE; ORIENTATION; FIELD AB Molecular dynamics simulations show that electrophoresis of DNA segments through a nanoscale electrode gap can be controlled by applying appropriate biased voltages in the transmembrane direction. The translocation velocities are dependent on both the DNA molecular weight and nucleotide structure. Application of alternating driving fields results in oscillatory motion of DNA inside the gap. Interruption of the driving field can effectively pause the translocation of DNA segments. Results from this work are useful for designing novel sequencing devices. C1 [Zhao, Xiongce; Cummings, Peter T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Payne, Christina M.; Cummings, Peter T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Zhao, X (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payne, Christina/C-7338-2011; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Payne, Christina/0000-0001-5264-0964; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 8 EP 12 DI 10.1021/jp709652y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 248AB UT WOS:000252122600002 ER PT J AU Ding, E More, KL He, T AF Ding, Errun More, Karren L. He, Ting TI Preparation and characterization of carbon-supported PtTi alloy electrocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE PtTi; electrocatalysts; alloys; oxygen reduction reaction; nanoparticles ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; FUEL-CELLS; CONTROLLABLE SIZES; TRANSITION-METALS; IONIC LIQUIDS; NOBLE-METALS; CO ALLOYS; PLATINUM; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE AB Carbon-supported PtTi alloy nanoparticles with well-controlled particle size, dispersity, and composition uniformity, have been synthesized by thermal decomposition and reduction of Pt and Ti precursors at elevated temperatures. The synthesized alloy nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The catalytic activities of these alloys towards molecular oxygen electro-reduction were screened by the hydrodynamic RDE technique. Among the compositions tested, Pt(75)Ti(25) displayed the highest catalytic activity and had a twofold improvement in catalytic performance as compared to a benchmark Pt/C catalyst. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ding, Errun; He, Ting] Honda Res Inst USA Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [More, Karren L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP He, T (reprint author), Honda Res Inst USA Inc, 1381 Kinneat Rd, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. EM the@honda-ti.com RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016; He, Ting/B-8120-2017 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; He, Ting/0000-0002-8877-0215 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2 BP 794 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.10.010 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 255CM UT WOS:000252634300012 ER PT J AU Wu, JW Li, CM Johnson, C Liu, XB AF Wu, Junwei Li, Chengming Johnson, Christopher Liu, Xingbo TI Evaluation of SmCo and SmCoN magnetron sputtering coatings for SOFC interconnect applications SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE SOFC; interconnect; magnetron; sputtering; SmCo; SmCoN ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; TEMPERATURE OXIDATION RESISTANCE; FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; BEHAVIOR; COBALT; ALLOYS; DEPOSITION; PHASE AB Cobalt or cobalt containing coatings are promising for SOFC interconnect applications because of their high conductivity. We have investigated SmCo and SmCoN coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering from a SmCo (5% Sm) target on to Crofer 22 APU substrates. The composition, structure, surface morphology, and electrical conductivity of the coated substrates were characterized by SEM/EDX, XRD and ASR measurements. Addition of Sm enhances the oxidation resistance and the Cr retention capability of the coatings. The use of nitride as a precursor stabilizes Sm during oxidation of the films, thus inhibiting diffusion of Fe, resulting in a more compact coating and lowering ASR. The combined advantages of Sm addition to cobalt and the use of a nitride as a precursor, makes SmCoN coatings a promising new interconnect coating material. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Junwei; Li, Chengming; Liu, Xingbo] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Li, Chengming] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Johnson, Christopher] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Liu, XB (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM xingbo.liu@rnail.wvu.edu NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 2 BP 833 EP 840 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.105 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 255CM UT WOS:000252634300017 ER PT J AU Hochbaum, AI Chen, RK Delgado, RD Liang, WJ Garnett, EC Najarian, M Majumdar, A Yang, PD AF Hochbaum, Allon I. Chen, Renkun Delgado, Raul Diaz Liang, Wenjie Garnett, Erik C. Najarian, Mark Majumdar, Arun Yang, Peidong TI Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ARRAYS; NANOSTRUCTURES; SCATTERING; DEVICES; GROWTH; LAYERS; MERIT; SI AB Approximately 90 per cent of the world's power is generated by heat engines that use fossil fuel combustion as a heat source and typically operate at 30 - 40 per cent efficiency, such that roughly 15 terawatts of heat is lost to the environment. Thermoelectric modules could potentially convert part of this low- grade waste heat to electricity. Their efficiency depends on the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of their material components, which is a function of the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity and absolute temperature. Over the past five decades it has been challenging to increase ZT > 1, since the parameters of ZT are generally interdependent(1). While nanostructured thermoelectric materials can increase ZT > 1 ( refs 2 - 4), the materials ( Bi, Te, Pb, Sb, and Ag) and processes used are not often easy to scale to practically useful dimensions. Here we report the electrochemical synthesis of large- area, wafer- scale arrays of rough Si nanowires that are 20-300 nm in diameter. These nanowires have Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity values that are the same as doped bulk Si, but those with diameters of about 50 nm exhibit 100- fold reduction in thermal conductivity, yielding ZT = 0.6 at room temperature. For such nanowires, the lattice contribution to thermal conductivity approaches the amorphous limit for Si, which cannot be explained by current theories. Although bulk Si is a poor thermoelectric material, by greatly reducing thermal conductivity without much affecting the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity, Si nanowire arrays show promise as high- performance, scalable thermoelectric materials. C1 [Chen, Renkun; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hochbaum, Allon I.; Delgado, Raul Diaz; Liang, Wenjie; Garnett, Erik C.; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Najarian, Mark; Majumdar, Arun; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, Arun; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM majumdar@me.berkeley.edu; p_yang@berkeley.edu RI Garnett, Erik/A-6847-2009; Vasilica, Andrei/F-2185-2010; Chen, Renkun/J-2400-2014 OI Garnett, Erik/0000-0002-9158-8326; Chen, Renkun/0000-0001-7526-4981 NR 28 TC 2242 Z9 2263 U1 156 U2 1303 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7175 BP 163 EP U5 DI 10.1038/nature06381 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 249GA UT WOS:000252214400036 PM 18185582 ER PT J AU Kay, BP Freeman, SJ Schiffer, JP Clark, JA Deibel, C Heinz, A Parikh, A Wrede, C AF Kay, B. P. Freeman, S. J. Schiffer, J. P. Clark, J. A. Deibel, C. Heinz, A. Parikh, A. Wrede, C. TI High-j single-particle neutron states outside the N=82 core SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID = 83 NUCLEI; HOLE STATES; SYSTEMATICS; LEVEL AB The behaviour of the i(13/2) and h(9/2) single-neutron strength was studied with the (of, He-3) reaction on Ba-138, Ce-140, Nd-142 and Sm-144 targets at a beam energy of 51 MeV. The separation between the single-neutron states i(13/2) and h(9/2) was measured in N = 83 nuclei with changing proton number. To this end spectroscopic factors for states populated in high-e transfer were extracted from the data. Some mixing of e = 5 and 6 strength was observed with states that are formed by coupling the f(7/2) state to the 2(+) and 3(-) vibrational states and the mixing matrix elements were found to be remarkably constant. The centroids of the strength indicate a systematic change in the energies of the i(13/2) and h(9/2) single-neutron states with increasing proton number that is in quantitative agreement with the effects expected from the tensor interaction. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kay, B. P.; Freeman, S. J.] Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Schiffer, J. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Clark, J. A.; Deibel, C.; Heinz, A.; Parikh, A.; Wrede, C.] Yale Univ, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Freeman, SJ (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM sean.freeman@manchester.ac.uk RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Kay, Benjamin/F-3291-2011; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Kay, Benjamin/0000-0002-7438-0208; NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 658 IS 5 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.11.033 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 254UC UT WOS:000252612500007 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MMS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Arthaud, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, S Banerjee, P Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Biscarat, C Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chan, K Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Clement, C Clement, B Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Davies, G De, K de Jong, SJ de Jong, P De la Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Gele, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, J Guo, F Gutierrez, P Gutierrez, G Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Hansson, P Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JR Kalk, JM Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kothari, B Kozelov, AV Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lellouch, J Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Li, L Lietti, SM Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, J Meyer, A Michaut, M 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Vasilyev, IA Vaupel, M Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Villeneuve-Seguier, F Vint, P Vokac, P Von Toerne, E Voutilainen, M Vreeswijk, M Wagner, R Wahl, HD Wang, L Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Weber, G Weerts, H Wenger, A Wermes, N Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yan, M Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Yu, C Yurkewicz, A Zatserklyaniy, A Zeitnitz, C Zhang, D Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zivkovic, L Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahn, S. H. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Anastasoaie, M. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anderson, S. Andrieu, B. Anzelc, M. S. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Arthaud, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Jesus, A. C. S. Assis Atramentov, O. Autermann, C. Avila, C. Ay, C. Badaud, F. Baden, A. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. Banerjee, P. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Berntzon, L. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Biscarat, C. Blazey, G. Blekman, F. Blessing, S. Bloch, D. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Borissov, G. Bos, K. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Buchanan, N. J. 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[Bargassa, P.; Cooke, M.; Corcoran, M.; Mackin, D.; Padley, P.; Pawloski, G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Kryemadhi, A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Burnett, T. H.; Gadfort, T.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bandurin, DV (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM bandurin@fnal.gov RI Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013 OI Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489 NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 658 IS 5 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.06.047 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 254UC UT WOS:000252612500019 ER PT J AU Parra, MK Tan, JS Mohandas, N Conboy, JG AF Parra, Marilyn K. Tan, Jeff S. Mohandas, Narla Conboy, John G. TI Intrasplicing coordinates alternative first exons with alternative splicing in the protein 4.1R gene SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alternative first exons; alternative splicing; intrasplicing; protein 4.1R ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; POLYMERASE-II; PROMOTER STRUCTURE; HUMAN GENOME; TRANSCRIPTION; EXPRESSION; ISOFORMS; INTRON; ORGANIZATION; RECRUITMENT AB In the protein 4.1R gene, alternative first exons splice differentially to alternative 30 splice sites far downstream in exon 2'/2 (E2'/2). We describe a novel intrasplicing mechanism by which exon 1A (E1A) splices exclusively to the distal E2'/2 acceptor via two nested splicing reactions regulated by novel properties of exon 1B (E1B). E1B behaves as an exon in the first step, using its consensus 50 donor to splice to the proximal E2'/2 acceptor. A long region of downstream intron is excised, juxtaposing E1B with E2'/2 to generate a new composite acceptor containing the E1B branchpoint/pyrimidine tract and E2 distal 30 AG-dinucleotide. Next, the upstream E1A splices over E1B to this distal acceptor, excising the remaining intron plus E1B and E2' to form mature E1A/E2 product. We mapped branchpoints for both intrasplicing reactions and demonstrated that mutation of the E1B 50 splice site or branchpoint abrogates intrasplicing. In the 4.1R gene, intrasplicing ultimately determines N-terminal protein structure and function. More generally, intrasplicing represents a new mechanism by which alternative promoters can be coordinated with downstream alternative splicing. C1 [Parra, Marilyn K.; Tan, Jeff S.; Conboy, John G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mohandas, Narla] New York Blood Ctr, Red Cell Physiol Lab, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Conboy, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Rm 225 MS 74-217,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgconboy@lbl.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL45182, R01 HL045182, R56 HL045182]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P01 DK032094, DK32094] NR 44 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 27 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601957 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 249LQ UT WOS:000252230300012 PM 18079699 ER PT J AU Niebling, T Rubel, O Heimbrodt, W Stolz, W Baranovskii, SD Jklar, P Geisz, JF AF Niebling, T. Rubel, O. Heimbrodt, W. Stolz, W. Baranovskii, S. D. Jklar, P. Geisz, J. F. TI Spectral and time dependences of the energy transfer of bound optical excitations in GaP(N) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GANXP1-X ALLOYS; ISOELECTRONIC TRAPS; QUANTUM-WELL; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; EXCITONS; RECOMBINATION; CDS1-XSEX; NITROGEN; STATES AB Low-temperature kinetics of the energy transfer of localized optical excitations in a nitrogen-doped GaP bulk sample with a nitrogen content of 2.1% are studied by means of time-resolved spectroscopy. Both the spectral and time dependences of the photoluminescence decay are described quantitatively on a timescale from nanoseconds to a microsecond by a phenomenological theory of hopping and energy relaxation of localized excitons. The microscopic parameters, which characterize the luminescent states, are determined by comparison between experiment and theory. C1 [Niebling, T.; Rubel, O.; Heimbrodt, W.; Stolz, W.; Baranovskii, S. D.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Niebling, T.; Rubel, O.; Heimbrodt, W.; Stolz, W.; Baranovskii, S. D.] Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Jklar, P.] Univ Giessen, Inst Expt Phys, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. [Geisz, J. F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Niebling, T (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM tobias.niebling@physik.uni-marburg.de; oleg.rubel@physik.uni-marburg.de NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 AR 015217 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/01/015217 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 259EL UT WOS:000252921800025 ER PT J AU Wearing, LH Smerdon, JA Leung, L Dhesi, SS Ledieu, J Bencok, P Fisher, I Jenks, CJ McGrath, R AF Wearing, L. H. Smerdon, J. A. Leung, L. Dhesi, S. S. Ledieu, J. Bencok, P. Fisher, I. Jenks, C. J. McGrath, R. TI Iron deposition on the tenfold surface of the Al(72)Ni(11)Co(17) decagonal quasicrystal SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID AL-PD-MN; ENERGY ION-SCATTERING; FILM GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; ORDER AB The adsorption behaviour of Fe on the tenfold surface of the decagonal quasicrystal Al(72.6)Ni(10.5)Co(16.9) has been studied using scanning tunnelling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The results show the growth of a disordered film up to a coverage of 9 MLE (monolayer equivalent) after which polycrystalline island growth is observed. These islands are interconnected, and the LEED pattern indicates that they preferentially align along five directions. The AES results indicate that the film is composed of Fe intermixed with the substrate elements. The XMCD results point to an induced magnetic moment for Co and Ni in the intermixed layer/interface region. C1 [Wearing, L. H.; Smerdon, J. A.; Leung, L.; McGrath, R.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Wearing, L. H.; Smerdon, J. A.; Leung, L.; McGrath, R.] Univ Liverpool, Surface Sci Res Ctr, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Dhesi, S. S.] Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Ledieu, J.] Ecole Mines, LSG2M, CNRS, UMR 7584, F-54042 Nancy, France. [Bencok, P.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Fisher, I.; Jenks, C. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP McGrath, R (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. EM mcgrath@liv.ac.uk RI McGrath, Ronan/A-1568-2009; Ledieu, Julian/F-1430-2010 OI McGrath, Ronan/0000-0002-9880-5741; NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 AR 015005 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/01/015005 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 259EL UT WOS:000252921800006 ER PT J AU Peng, HS AF Peng, Huisheng TI Aligned carbon nanotube/polymer composite films with robust flexibility, high transparency, and excellent conductivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; FABRICATION; ARRAYS AB This work reports a novel and general synthesis of aligned carbon nanotube/polymer composite films with high optical transparency, robust flexibility, and excellent conductivity. These composite films show many potential applications such as flexible conductors for optoelectronic devices. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys & Applicat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peng, HS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Phys & Applicat, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hpeng@lanl.gov RI Peng, Huisheng/G-8867-2011 NR 12 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 7 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 BP 42 EP + DI 10.1021/ja078267m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 248BY UT WOS:000252127500021 PM 18072781 ER PT J AU Doonan, CJ Rubie, ND Peariso, K Harris, HH Knottenbelt, SZ George, GN Young, CG Kirk, ML AF Doonan, Christian J. Rubie, Nick D. Peariso, Katrina Harris, Hugh H. Knottenbelt, Sushilla Z. George, Graham N. Young, Charles G. Kirk, Martin L. TI Electronic structure description of the cis-MoOS unit in models for molybdenum hydroxylases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE SIGNALS; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CATALYTICALLY LABILE OXYGEN; RELEVANT ANALOG COMPLEXES; XANTHINE-OXIDASE FAMILY; DIFFERENT REDUCED FORMS; REDUCTIVE HALF-REACTION; ALDEHYDE OXIDASE; CORRELATION-ENERGY; ACTIVE-SITE AB The molybdenum hydroxylases catalyze the oxidation of numerous aromatic heterocycles and simple organics and, unlike other hydroxylases, utilize water as the source of oxygen incorporated into the product. The electronic structures of the cis-MoOS units in C0Cp(2)[Tp(/Pr)Mo(V)OS(OPh)] and Tp(/Pr)Mo(V1)OS-(OPh) (Tp(/Pr) = hydrotris(3-isopropylpyrazol-1-yl)borate), new models for molybdenum hydroxylases, have been studied in detail using S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and detailed bonding calculations. The results show a highly delocalized Mo = S pi* LUMO redox orbital that is formally Mo(d(xy)) with similar to 35% sulfido ligand character. Vibrational spectroscopy has been used to quantitate MoSsuffido bond order changes in the cis-MoOS units as a function of redox state. Results support a redox active molecular orbital that has a profound influence on MoOS bonding through changes to the relative electro/nucleophilicity of the terminal sulfido ligand accompanying oxidation state changes. The bonding description for these model cis-MoOS systems supports enzyme mechanisms that are under orbital control and dominantly influenced by the unique electronic structure of the cis-MoOS site. The electronic structure of the oxidized enzyme site is postulated to play a role in polarizing a substrate carbon center for nucleophilic attack by metal activated water and acting as an electron sink in the two-electron oxidation of substrates. C1 [Doonan, Christian J.; Young, Charles G.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Rubie, Nick D.; Peariso, Katrina; Knottenbelt, Sushilla Z.; Kirk, Martin L.] Univ New Mexico, MSC03 20601 Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Harris, Hugh H.; George, Graham N.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Young, CG (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Chem, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM cgyoung@unimelb.edu.au; mkirk@unm.edu RI Harris, Hugh/A-4983-2008; George, Graham/E-3290-2013; OI Harris, Hugh/0000-0002-3472-8628 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-057378] NR 91 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 9 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1021/ja068512m PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 248BY UT WOS:000252127500026 PM 18062689 ER PT J AU Ozen, C Norris, AL Land, ML Tjioe, E Serpersu, EH AF Oezen, Can Norris, Adrianne L. Land, Miriam L. Tjioe, Elina Serpersu, Engin H. TI Detection of specific solvent rearrangement regions of an enzyme: NMR and ITC studies with aminoglycoside phosphotransferase(3 ')-IIIa SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ISOTHERMAL TITRATION CALORIMETRY; HEAT-CAPACITY CHANGES; ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ENZYME; BINDING-PROTEIN; MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS; LIGAND-BINDING; THERMODYNAMICS; SURFACE; SITE AB This work describes differential effects of solvent in complexes of the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase(3')-IIIa (APH) with different aminoglycosides and the detection of change in solvent structure at specific sites away from substrates. Binding of kanamycins to APH occurs with a larger negative Delta H in H2O relative to D2O (Delta Delta H(H2O-D2O) < 0), while the reverse is true for neomycins. Unusually large negative Delta C-p values were observed for binding of aminoglycosides to APH. Delta C-p for the APH-neomycin complex was -1.6 kcal(.)mol(-1.)deg(-1). A break at 30 degrees C was observed in the APH-kanamycin complex yielding Delta C-p values of -0.7 kcal(.)mol(-1.)deg(-1) and -3.8 kcal(.)mol(-1.)deg(-1) below and above 30 degrees C, respectively. Neither the change in cessible surface area (Delta ASA) nor contributions from heats of ionization were sufficient to explain the large negative Delta C-p values. Most significantly, N-15-H-1 HSQC experiments showed that temperature-dependent shifts of the backkbone amide protons of Leu 88, Ser 91, Cys 98, and Leu143 revealed a break at 30 C only in the APH-kanamycin complex in spectra collected between 21 degrees C and 38 degrees C. These amino acids represent solvent reorganization sites that experience a change in solvent structure in their immediate environment as structurally different ligands bind to the enzyme. These residues were away from the substrate binding site and distributed in three hydrophobic patches in APH. Overall, our results show that a large number of factors affect Delta C-p and binding of structurally different ligand groups cause different solvent structure in the active site as well as differentially affecting specific sites away from the ligand binding site. C1 [Norris, Adrianne L.; Serpersu, Engin H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cell & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oezen, Can; Land, Miriam L.; Tjioe, Elina; Serpersu, Engin H.] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oezen, Can; Land, Miriam L.; Tjioe, Elina; Serpersu, Engin H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Land, Miriam L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Serpersu, EH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cell & Mol Biol, Walters Life Sci Bldg,M407, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Serpersu@utk.edu RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 40 EP 49 DI 10.1021/bi701711j PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 246RG UT WOS:000252024100005 PM 18067326 ER PT J AU Boschek, CB Jones, TE Smallwood, HS Squier, TC Bigelow, DJ AF Boschek, Curt B. Jones, Terry E. Smallwood, Heather S. Squier, Thomas C. Bigelow, Diana J. TI Loss of the calmodulin-dependent inhibition of the RyR1 calcium release channel upon oxidation of methionines in calmodulin SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE CA-ATPASE; MUSCLE SARCOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; RYANODINE RECEPTOR; OXIDIZED CALMODULIN; BINDING DOMAIN; GLUTAMINE SUBSTITUTIONS; PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATION; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE AB The oxidation of methionines in calmodulin (CaM) can affect the activity of calcium-pumps and channels to modulate the amplitude and duration of calcium signals. We have therefore investigated the possible oxidation of CaM in skeletal muscle and its effect on the CaM-dependent regulation of the RyR1 calcium release channel. Taking advantage of characteristic reductions in electrophoretic mobility determined by SDS -PAGE, we find that approximately two methionines are oxidized in CaM from skeletal muscle. The functional effect of CaM oxidation on the open probability of the RyR1 calcium release channel was assessed through measurements of [H-3]ryanodine binding using a heavy sarcoplasmic c reticulum preparation enriched in RyR1. There is a biphasic regulation of RyR1 by unoxidized CaM, in which calcium-activated CaM acts to enhance the calcium sensitivity of channel closure, while apo-CaM functions to enhance channel activity at resting calcium levels. We find that physiological levels of CaM oxidation preferentially weaken the CaM-dependent inhibition of the RyR1 calcium release channel observed at activating micromolar levels of calcium. In contrast, the oxidation of CaM resulted in minimal functional changes in the CaM-dependent activation of RyR1 at resting nanomolar calcium levels. Oxidation does not significantly affect the high-affinity binding of calcium-activated CaM to the CaM-binding sequence of RyR1; rather, methionine oxidation disrupts interdomain interactions between the opposing domains of CaM in complex with the CaM-binding sequence of RyR1 that normally function as part of a conformational switch associated with RyR1 inhibition. These results suggest that the oxidation of CaM can contribute to observed elevations in intracellular calcium levels in response to conditions of oxidative stress observed during biological aging. We suggest that the sensitivity of RyR1 channel activity to CaM oxidation may function as part of an adaptive cellular response that enhances the duration of calcium transients to promote enhanced contractility. C1 [Bigelow, Diana J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Boschek, Curt B.; Jones, Terry E.; Smallwood, Heather S.; Squier, Thomas C.; Bigelow, Diana J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bigelow, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, 790,6th St,Mail Stop P7-53, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM diana.bigelow@pnl.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG18013, AG12993] NR 74 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.1021/N701352w PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 246RG UT WOS:000252024100014 PM 18076146 ER PT J AU Longo, A Guanga, GP Rose, RB AF Longo, Antonella Guanga, Gerald P. Rose, Robert B. TI Crystal structure of E47 neuroD1/Beta2 bHLH domain DNA complex: Heterodimer selectivity and DNA recognition SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INSULIN GENE-TRANSCRIPTION; LOOP-HELIX PROTEINS; B/HLH/Z DOMAIN; PROMOTER; BINDING; MYOD; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; MAFA; FOS AB The ubiquitous class I basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factor E47 forms heterodimers with multiple tissue specific class 11 bHLH proteins to. regulate distinct differentiation pathways. In order to define how class I- class II heterodimer partners are selected, we determined the crystal structure of the E47-NeuroD1-bHLH dimer in complex with the insulin promoter E-box sequence. Purification of the bHLH domain of E47-NeuroD1 indicates that E47 heterodimers are stable in solution. The interactions between E47 and NeuroD1 in the heterodimer are comparable to the interactions between E47 monomers in the homodimer, including hydrogen bonding, buried hydrophobic surface, and packing interactions. This is consistent with a model in which E47-NeuroD1 heterodimers are favored due to the instability of NeuroD1 homodimers. Although E47-NeuroD1 is oriented uniquely on the E-box sequence (CATCTG) within the promoter of the insulin gene, no direct contacts are observed with the central base pairs within this E-box sequence. We propose that concerted domain motions allow E47 to form specific base contacts in solution. NeuroD1 is restrained from adopting the same base contacts by an additional phosphate backbone interaction by the neurogenic-specific residue His115. Orienting E47-NeuroD1 on promoters may foster protein-protein contacts essential to initiate transcription. C1 [Longo, Antonella; Guanga, Gerald P.; Rose, Robert B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Longo, Antonella] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rose, RB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, 128 Polk Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bob_rose@ncsu.edu NR 59 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 218 EP 229 DI 10.1021/bi701527r PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 246RG UT WOS:000252024100021 PM 18069799 ER PT J AU Quaye, O Lountos, GT Fan, F Orville, AM Gadda, G AF Quaye, Osbourne Lountos, George T. Fan, Fan Orville, Allen M. Gadda, Giovanni TI Role of Glu312 in binding and positioning of the substrate for the hydride transfer reaction in choline oxidaset SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTIONS; SOLUTES GLYCINE BETAINE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COMPATIBLE SOLUTES; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; CHOLESTEROL OXIDASE; ABIOTIC-STRESS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; PENICILLIUM-AMAGASAKIENSE AB Choline oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine, a compatible solute that accumulates in pathogenic bacteria and plants so they can withstand osmotic and temperature stresses. The crystal structure of choline oxidase was determined and refined to a resolution of 1.86 angstrom with data collected at 100 K using synchrotron X-ray radiation. The structure reveals a covalent linkage between His99 N epsilon 2 and FAD C8M atoms, and a 123 angstrom(3) solvent-excluded cavity adjacent to the re face of the flavin. A hypothetical model for choline docked into the cavity suggests that several aromatic residues and Glu312 may orient the cationic substrate for efficient catalysis. The role of the negative charge on Glu312 was investigated by engineering variant enzymes in which Glu312 was replaced with alanine, glutamine, or aspartate. The Glu312Ala enzyme was inactive. The Glu312Gln enzyme exhibited a K-d value for choline at least 500 times larger than that of the wild-type enzyme. The Glu312Asp enzyme had a k(cat)/k(O2) value similar to that of the wild-type enzyme but k(cat) and k(cat)/k(m) values that were 230 and 35 times lower, respectively, than in the wild-type enzyme. These data are consistent with the spatial location of the negative charge on residue 312 being important for the oxidation of the alcohol substrate.. Solvent viscosity and substrate kinetic isotope effects suggest the presence of an internal equilibrium in the Glu312Asp enzyme prior to the hydride transfer reaction. Altogether, the crystallographic and mechanistic data suggest that Glu312 is important for binding and positioning of the substrate in the active site of choline oxidase. C1 [Fan, Fan; Gadda, Giovanni] Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Quaye, Osbourne; Gadda, Giovanni] Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Lountos, George T.; Orville, Allen M.; Gadda, Giovanni] Georgia State Univ, Ctr Biotechnol & Drug Design, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA. [Quaye, Osbourne; Lountos, George T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Parker Petit Inst Bioengn & Biosci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Quaye, Osbourne; Lountos, George T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Orville, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM amorv@bnl.gov; ggadda@gsu.edu RI Lountos, George/B-3983-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 P41 RR012408] NR 78 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1021/bi7017943 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 246RG UT WOS:000252024100023 PM 18072756 ER PT J AU Olsen, BD Alcazar, D Krikorian, V Toney, MF Thomas, EL Segalman, RA AF Olsen, Bradley D. Alcazar, Daniel Krikorian, Vahik Toney, Michael F. Thomas, Edwin L. Segalman, Rachel A. TI Crystalline structure in thin films of DEH-PPV homopolymer and PPV-b-PI rod-coil block copolymers SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMER BLENDS; PARA-PHENYLENE VINYLENE; POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MOLECULAR AGGREGATION; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SOLAR-CELLS; MORPHOLOGY; NANOSTRUCTURES AB The rod orientation and crystalline packing of a model semiconducting rodlike polymer, poly(2,5-di(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (DEH-PPV), is shown to affect the self-assembly of weakly segregated rod-coil block copolymers. The in-plane packing of DEH-PPV rods in lamellar poly(2,5-di(2'ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene-b-isoprene) (DEH-PPV-b-PI) diblock copolymers is nearly identical to that observed in DEH-PPV homopolymers for compositions ranging from 0.42 to 0.82 vol % coil block. The crystal structure of DEH-PPV, characterized by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction, consists of a tetragonal unit cell having c = 0.665 nm with a = b = 1.348 nm. The polymer chain axis is aligned along the [001] direction, and the nearest neighbor rod-rod spacing along < 110 > is 1.0 nm. As-cast thin films of DEH-PPV homopolymer demonstrate chain alignment primarily perpendicular to the substrate in 5100 g/mol homopolymer, while for 3500 g/mol homopolymer the chains align both perpendicular and parallel to the substrate. For the DEH-PPV-b-PI block copolymers, a sharper 001 reflection is observed due to the effect of microphase separation. improving alignment and stacking of the rods. The lamellar phases have a smectic A-like packing structure with the rods oriented parallel to the lamellar normal regardless of coil fraction; however, at coil fractions above about 0.8 the crystalline lattice of the rods becomes rapidly disordered as evidenced by loss of all but the two strongest Bragg reflections. This suggests that the constraints of packing into the unit cell outweigh the chain stretching and segment-segment repulsion energies that are predicted to lead to a transition from normal (smectic A) to tilted (smectic C) rod orientation within the lamellae at high coil fraction; increasing coil fraction breaks apart the crystalline lattice rather than distorting it into a tilted polymorph. C1 [Olsen, Bradley D.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alcazar, Daniel; Krikorian, Vahik; Thomas, Edwin L.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Alcazar, Daniel; Krikorian, Vahik; Thomas, Edwin L.] MIT, Inst Soldier Nanotechnol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Segalman, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM segalman@berkeley.edu OI Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103; Olsen, Bradley/0000-0002-7272-7140 NR 63 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1021/ma0714971 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 246YZ UT WOS:000252045600011 ER PT J AU Gomez, ED Ruegg, ML Minor, AM Kisielowski, C Downing, KH Glaeser, RM Balsara, NP AF Gomez, Enrique D. Ruegg, Megan L. Minor, Andrew M. Kisielowski, Christian Downing, Kenneth H. Glaeser, Robert M. Balsara, Nitash P. TI Interfacial concentration profiles of rubbery polyolefin lamellae determined by quantitative electron microscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; POLYMER BLENDS; PHASE-CONTRAST; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; COLLECTION; MICROPHASE; SEPARATION; FILMS; RATIO AB The composition profile across a lamellar phase obtained in a multicomponent blend of saturated poly(butadiene) and poly(isobutylene), stabilized by a saturated poly(butadiene) copolymer serving as a surfactant, was quantified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and self-consistent field theory (SCFT). The liquidlike nature of this system at room temperature makes traditional staining methods for the enhancement of contrast ineffective. Instead, we take advantage of the large inelastic scattering cross-section of soft materials to generate contrast in zero-loss TEM images. Independent spatially resolved thickness measurements enable quantification of electron scattering. This enabled a comparison between the TEM data and predictions based on SCFT without any adjustable parameters. C1 [Gomez, Enrique D.; Ruegg, Megan L.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gomez, Enrique D.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minor, Andrew M.; Kisielowski, Christian] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Downing, Kenneth H.; Glaeser, Robert M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glaeser, Robert M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gomez, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gomez, Enrique/E-5887-2013 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1021/ma071498t PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 246YZ UT WOS:000252045600022 ER PT J AU Yun, SI Lai, KC Briber, RM Teertstra, SJ Gauthier, M Bauer, BJ AF Yun, Seok Il Lai, Kai-Chi Briber, Robert M. Teertstra, Steven J. Gauthier, Mario Bauer, Barry J. TI Conformation of arborescent polymers in solution by small-angle neutron scattering: Segment density and core-shell morphology SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HARD-SPHERE BEHAVIOR; INTERACTING PARTICLES; BRANCHED POLYMERS; DILUTE-SOLUTION; POLYSTYRENES; COPOLYMERS; TRANSFORMATION AB The radius of gyration (R-g) was determined as a function of generation number for arborescent polystyrenes with two different side chain mass average molecular mass (M-w approximate to 5000, 5K, versus 30 000, 30K) by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The R-g values obtained were analyzed in terms of the Zimm-Stockmayer model for randomly branched polymers, the scaling relation R-g proportional to M-w(v), and the expansion factor alpha(s) = (R-g)(goodsolvent)/(R-g)(Theta solvent). The R-g and scaling exponent v = 0.26 +/- 0.01 found for G0 through G3 polymers with 5K side chains in cyclohexane-d correspond to the values predicted by the Zimm-Stockmayer model. The R-g for GO through G3 polymers with 30K side chains deviate from the model with v = 0.32 +/- 0.02, corresponding to v = 0.33 expected for hard spheres. Deuterated polystyrene (PS-d) side chains were grafted onto G2 and G3 polystyrene (PS) cores. These copolymers, G2PS-graft-PS-d and G3PS-graft-PS-d, were characterized as spheres with a well-defined PS core-PS-d shell structure by the SANS contrast matching method. The shape and the segment radial density profile of the core and shell for GPS-graft-PS-d were determined based on P(r) and Delta rho(r) obtained by indirect Fourier transformation and deconvolution methods (P(r), pair distance distribution function and Delta rho(r) = rho(r) - rho(solvent), scattering length density contrast profile). C1 [Yun, Seok Il] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Yun, Seok Il] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lai, Kai-Chi; Briber, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Teertstra, Steven J.; Gauthier, Mario] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Polymer Res Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bauer, Barry J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yun, SI (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1021/ma7021106 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 246YZ UT WOS:000252045600025 ER PT J AU Huang, T Messman, JM Mays, JW AF Huang, Tianzi Messman, Jamie M. Mays, Jimmy W. TI A new fluorinated polymer having two connected rings in the main chain: Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated poly(1,3-cyclohexadiene) SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIVING ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; 1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE POLYMERS; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; DIFLUOROCARBENE; 1,2-POLYBUTADIENE; POLYBUTADIENES; POLYISOPRENE; POLYSTYRENE; SEGREGATION C1 [Huang, Tianzi; Mays, Jimmy W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Messman, Jamie M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Messman, Jamie M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mays, JW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jimmymays@utk.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1021/ma0718043 PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 246YZ UT WOS:000252045600036 ER PT J AU Holman, KL Morosan, E Casey, PA Li, L Ong, NP Klimczuk, T Felser, C Cava, RJ AF Holman, K. L. Morosan, E. Casey, P. A. Li, Lu Ong, N. P. Klimczuk, T. Felser, C. Cava, R. J. TI Crystal structure and physical properties of Mg6Cu16Si7-type M6Ni16Si7, for M = Mg, Sc, Ti, Nb, and Ta SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE intermetallic compounds; metals; chemical synthesis; X-ray diffraction; superconductivity ID INTERMETALLIC PHASES; TERNARY-SYSTEM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SI AB Five compounds were investigated for magnetic character and superconductivity, all with non-magnetic nickel and band structures containing flat bands and steep bands. The syntheses and crystal structures, refined by powder X-ray diffraction, are reported for M6Ni16Si7, where M = Mg, Sc, Ti, Nb, and Ta. All compounds form in the Mg6Cu16Si7 structure type. Resistance measurements are also reported on M6Ni16Si7 (M = Mg, Sc, Ti, and Nb) down to 0.3 K, with all four showing metallic conductivity. No superconductivity is observed. Magnetization measurements for all compounds reveal essentially temperature independent paramagnetism, with a tendency toward more enhanced low temperature paramagnetism for the cases of Mg6Ni16Si7 and Sc6Ni16Si7. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holman, K. L.; Morosan, E.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08450 USA. [Casey, P. A.; Li, Lu; Ong, N. P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08450 USA. [Klimczuk, T.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. [Klimczuk, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Felser, C.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Holman, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08450 USA. EM kholman@Princeton.edu RI Felser, Claudia/A-5779-2009; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013 OI Felser, Claudia/0000-0002-8200-2063; Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2007.09.023 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 250YD UT WOS:000252336300002 ER PT J AU Sandberg, RL Song, CY Wachulak, PW Raymondson, DA Paul, A Amirbekian, B Lee, E Sakdinawat, AE La-O-Vorakiat, C Marconi, MC Menoni, CS Murnane, MM Rocca, JJ Kapteyn, HC Miao, JW AF Sandberg, Richard L. Song, Changyong Wachulak, Przemyslaw W. Raymondson, Daisy A. Paul, Ariel Amirbekian, Bagrat Lee, Edwin Sakdinawat, Anne E. La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Marconi, Mario C. Menoni, Carmen S. Murnane, Margaret M. Rocca, Jorge J. Kapteyn, Henry C. Miao, Jianwei TI High numerical aperture tabletop soft x-ray diffraction microscopy with 70-nm resolution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE imaging; lensless; nanoscale; extreme-ultraviolet; ultrafast ID HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION; COHERENT-LIGHT; LASER; PULSES AB Light microscopy has greatly advanced our understanding of nature. The achievable resolution, however, is limited by optical wavelengths to approximate to 200 nm. By using imaging and labeling technologies, resolutions beyond the diffraction limit can be achieved for specialized specimens with techniques such as near-field scanning optical microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and photoactivated localization microscopy. Here, we report a versatile soft x-ray diffraction microscope with 70- to 90-nm resolution by using two different tabletop coherent soft x-ray sources-a soft x-ray laser and a high-harmonic source. We also use field curvature correction that allows high numerical aperture imaging and near-diffraction-limited resolution of 1.5 lambda. A tabletop soft x-ray diffraction microscope should find broad applications in biology, nano-science, and materials science because of its simple optical design, high resolution, large depth of field, 3D imaging capability, scalability to shorter wavelengths, and ultrafast temporal resolution. C1 [Sandberg, Richard L.; Raymondson, Daisy A.; Paul, Ariel; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sandberg, Richard L.; Raymondson, Daisy A.; Paul, Ariel; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sandberg, Richard L.; Raymondson, Daisy A.; Paul, Ariel; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Song, Changyong; Amirbekian, Bagrat; Lee, Edwin; Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Song, Changyong; Amirbekian, Bagrat; Lee, Edwin; Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wachulak, Przemyslaw W.; Marconi, Mario C.; Menoni, Carmen S.; Rocca, Jorge J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sakdinawat, Anne E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sakdinawat, Anne E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Murnane, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM murnane@jila.colorado.edu RI Sandberg, Richard/F-8790-2011; Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Wachulak, Przemyslaw/0000-0001-9853-7946 NR 23 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710761105 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 252GP UT WOS:000252435300008 PM 18162534 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Alexe, M Kalinin, SV AF Rodriguez, Brian J. Jesse, Stephen Alexe, Marin Kalinin, Sergei V. TI Spatially resolved mapping of polarization switching behavior in nanoscale ferroelectrics SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; PIEZORESPONSE; DISLOCATIONS; PHYSICS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOWIRES; STABILITY; STORAGE; ARRAYS AB The spatial variability of polarization switching in ferroelectric lead zirconate-titanate nanoparticle arrays and within a single sub-100 nanometer nanoparticle is investigated by using switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy. Strong variations of switching properties within a single nanoparticle are observed and attributed to polarization pinning by geometric effects and interfacial dislocations. The spatial distributions of imprint bias and the thickness of the frozen polarization layer within the nanoparticle are reconstructed. C1 [Rodriguez, Brian J.; Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rodriguez, Brian J.; Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Alexe, Marin] Max Planck Inst Microstruct Phys, D-06120 Halle, Germany. RP Kalinin, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kim, Yu Jin/A-2433-2012; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Alexe, Marin/K-3882-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Alexe, Marin/0000-0002-0386-3026 NR 40 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 109 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200700473 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258KM UT WOS:000252866800018 ER PT J AU Liu, FD Collazo, R Mita, S Sitar, Z Duscher, G AF Liu, Fude Collazo, Ramon Mita, Seiji Sitar, Zlatko Duscher, Gerd TI Three-dimensional geometry of nanometer-scale AlN pits: A new template for quantum dots? SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; WURTZITE GAN; GROWTH; SAPPHIRE AB The exact 3D geometry of nanometer-scale AIN pits is determined by Z-contrast imaging. The figure shows the 3D geometry of an AIN nano-pit and its corresponding GaN quantum dot. An atomic-resolution Z-contrast image is displayed in false color to clearly show the Z-contrast of the image, while the other panel displays a schematic 3D view. C1 [Liu, Fude; Collazo, Ramon; Mita, Seiji; Sitar, Zlatko; Duscher, Gerd] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Duscher, Gerd] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, FD (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, MailStop 3215, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM fude_liu@nrel.gov RI Liu, Fude/E-9873-2010; Duscher, Gerd/G-1730-2014 OI Duscher, Gerd/0000-0002-2039-548X NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 1 BP 134 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701288 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 258KM UT WOS:000252866800023 ER PT J AU Azad, AK Taylor, AJ Smirnova, E O'Hara, JF AF Azad, Abul K. Taylor, Antoinette J. Smirnova, Evgenya O'Hara, John F. TI Characterization and analysis of terahertz metamaterials based on rectangular split-ring resonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES AB We present the experimental characterization of planar terahertz metamaterials based on rectangular electric split-ring resonator designs. Comparisons to square-ring designs reveal that rectangular shapes greatly affect the overall metamaterial response by altering the spectral separation and coupling between multiple ring resonances. A simple model is used to help us understand this coupling behavior and the extent of its effects. Advantages and disadvantages of these unconventional ring designs are discussed in terms of possible applications. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Azad, Abul K.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Smirnova, Evgenya; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Azad, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM aazad@lanl.gov RI Azad, Abul/B-1163-2011; OI Azad, Abul/0000-0002-7784-7432; Simakov, Evgenya/0000-0002-7483-1152 NR 15 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 011119 DI 10.1063/1.2829791 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200019 ER PT J AU Callender, C Norton, DP Das, R Hebard, AF Budai, JD AF Callender, C. Norton, D. P. Das, R. Hebard, A. F. Budai, J. D. TI Ferromagnetism in pseudocubic BaFeO(3) epitaxial films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; KNBO3/KTAO3 SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH; TRANSPORT AB Growth and properties of epitaxial BaFeO(3) thin films in the metastable cubic perovskite phase are examined. BaFeO(3) films were grown on (012) LaAlO(3) and (001) SrTiO(3) single crystal substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. X-ray diffraction shows that films grown between 650 and 850 degrees C yield an oxygen-deficient BaFeO(2.5+x) pseudocubic perovskite phase that decreases in lattice spacing with increasing growth temperature. Magnetization measurements on as-deposited BaFeO(3) films indicate weakly ferromagnetic behavior. Annealing in 1 atm oxygen ambient converts them into conductive and robustly ferromagnetic pseudocubic BaFeO(3) phase with T(C)=235 K. Observation of ferromagnetism with increasing oxygen content is consistent with superexchange coupling of Fe(+4)-O-Fe(+4). (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Callender, C.; Norton, D. P.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Budai, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Das, R.; Hebard, A. F.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Callender, C (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM dnort@mse.ufl.edu RI Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012514 DI 10.1063/1.2832768 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200104 ER PT J AU Enta, Y Mun, BS Rossi, M Ross, PN Hussain, Z Fadley, CS Lee, KS Kim, SK AF Enta, Yoshiharu Mun, Bongjin S. Rossi, Massimiliano Ross, Philip N., Jr. Hussain, Zahid Fadley, Charles S. Lee, Ki-Suk Kim, Sang-Koog TI Real-time observation of the dry oxidation of the Si(100) surface with ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2P CORE-LEVEL; THERMAL-OXIDATION; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SI(001) SURFACES; SILICON; GROWTH; SI; OXIDE; DECOMPOSITION AB We have applied ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with Si 2p chemical shifts to study the real-time dry oxidation of Si(100), using pressures in the range of 0.01-1 Torr and temperatures of 300-530 degrees C, and examining the oxide thickness range from 0 to similar to 25 angstrom. The oxidation rate is initially very high (with rates of up to similar to 225 angstrom/h) and then, after a certain initial thickness of the oxide in the range of 6-22 angstrom is formed, decreases to a slow state (with rates of similar to 1.5-4.0 angstrom/h). Neither the rapid nor the slow regime is explained by the standard Deal-Grove model for Si oxidation. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Enta, Yoshiharu] Hirosaki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. [Mun, Bongjin S.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Ansan 426791, Kyeonggi, South Korea. [Mun, Bongjin S.; Rossi, Massimiliano; Ross, Philip N., Jr.; Hussain, Zahid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fadley, Charles S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Fadley, Charles S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Ki-Suk; Kim, Sang-Koog] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Res Ctr Spin Dynam & Spin Wave Dev, Dept Mat Sci, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Lee, Ki-Suk; Kim, Sang-Koog] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Engn, Nanospintron Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Seoul 151744, South Korea. RP Enta, Y (reprint author), Hirosaki Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, 3 Bunkyo Cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan. EM enta@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp; bsmun@lbl.gov RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Enta, Yoshiharu/F-6995-2013; Mun, Bongjin /G-1701-2013; Kim, Sang-Koog/J-4638-2014 OI Enta, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-0199-1814; NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012110 DI 10.1063/1.2830332 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200078 ER PT J AU Farshchi, R Dubon, OD Hwang, DJ Misra, N Grigoropoulos, CP Ashby, PD AF Farshchi, R. Dubon, O. D. Hwang, D. J. Misra, N. Grigoropoulos, C. P. Ashby, P. D. TI Laser activation of ferromagnetism in hydrogenated Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; SPINTRONICS AB We demonstrate the local depassivation of hydrogenated Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As by pulsed-laser annealing. The controlled removal of Mn-H defect complexes, which form upon hydrogenation and render Mn acceptors inactive, is achieved by focused laser irradiation. As a result, regions of electrically and ferromagnetically active Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As are formed within a nonactive, otherwise structurally identical film. The hydrogenated films subjected to blanket laser depassivation display a Curie temperature T(C) up to 60 K, or 60% of the T(C) of the as-grown films. These results demonstrate the direct laser writing of mesoscopic ferromagnetically active regions as a viable route for the realization of planar, nanoscale spintronic systems. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Farshchi, R.; Dubon, O. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Farshchi, R.; Dubon, O. D.; Ashby, P. D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hwang, D. J.; Misra, N.; Grigoropoulos, C. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Farshchi, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@berkeley.edu RI Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012517 DI 10.1063/1.2824833 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200107 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Lee, HN Biegalski, MD Christen, HM AF Kim, Dae Ho Lee, Ho Nyung Biegalski, Michael D. Christen, Hans M. TI Effect of epitaxial strain on ferroelectric polarization in multiferroic BiFeO3 films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERLATTICES; ENHANCEMENT; FIELD AB Multiferroic BiFeO3 epitaxial films with thicknesses ranging from 40 to 960 nm were grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 (001) substrates with SrRuO3 bottom electrodes. X-ray characterization shows that the structure evolves from angularly distorted tetragonal with c/a approximate to 1.04 to more bulklike distorted rhombohedral (c/a approximate to 1.01) as the strain relaxes with increasing thickness. Despite this significant structural evolution, the ferroelectric polarization along the body diagonal of the distorted pseudocubic unit cells, as calculated from measurements along the normal direction, barely changes. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Kim, Dae Ho; Lee, Ho Nyung; Christen, Hans M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Biegalski, Michael D.; Christen, Hans M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kim, DH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kimdh@ornl.gov RI Kim, Dae Ho/B-4670-2012; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012 OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975 NR 25 TC 97 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 57 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012911 DI 10.1063/1.2830799 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200118 ER PT J AU Li, Y Kim, KJ AF Li, Yuelin Kim, Kwang-Je TI Nonrelativistic electron bunch train for coherently enhanced terahertz radiation sources SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMITH-PURCELL RADIATION; PULSE-TRAIN; GENERATION AB We propose to generate a train of prebunched electron beams for producing coherently enhanced Smith-Purcell radiation [S. J. Smith and E. M. Purcell, Phys. Rev. 92, 1069 (1953)] in the terahertz wavelength range. In this scheme, a train of picosecond laser pulses is produced to drive a photoemission gun to generate a train of 50 keV electron pulses. The parameters are chosen so that the space-charge effect does not destroy the pulse time structure. Smith-Purcell radiation from the electron pulse train is enhanced due both to the short length of the individual electron bunch and to the repetitive structure of the beam. Example systems producing coherent terahertz power at about 1 mW are described. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Li, Yuelin; Kim, Kwang-Je] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Li, Yuelin; Kim, Kwang-Je] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Accelerator Inst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ylli@aps.anl.gov OI Li, Yuelin/0000-0002-6229-7490 NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 014101 DI 10.1063/1.2828337 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200187 ER PT J AU Lu, ZP Bei, H Wu, Y Chen, GL George, EP Liu, CT AF Lu, Z. P. Bei, H. Wu, Y. Chen, G. L. George, E. P. Liu, C. T. TI Oxygen effects on plastic deformation of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOUGHNESS; FRACTURE; ALLOYS AB Starting with Zr of two different purities, Zr-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) with a nominal composition of Zr62Cu15.5Ni12.5Al10 were prepared having oxygen concentrations of about 3900 and 920 at. ppm, respectively. Uniaxial compression tests showed that the BMG containing the higher level of oxygen has a higher yield strength and is capable of undergoing much less plastic deformation than that containing the lower level of oxygen. It appears that oxygen suppresses the formation of multiple shear bands but leads to an inability to sustain shear-band propagation, thus, changing the failure mode from relatively ductile to catastrophic brittle fracture. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lu, Z. P.; Wu, Y.; Chen, G. L.] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Bei, H.; George, E. P.; Liu, C. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [George, E. P.; Liu, C. T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Lu, ZP (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM luzp@skl.ustb.edu.cn; beih@ornl.gov RI wu, yuan/E-8927-2010; Lu, Zhao-Ping/A-2718-2009; George, Easo/L-5434-2014; Wu, Yuan/C-4025-2015; OI Wu, Yuan/0000-0001-7857-0247; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 011915 DI 10.1063/1.2828981 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200053 ER PT J AU Morfa, AJ Rowlen, KL Reilly, TH Romero, MJ van de Lagemaat, J AF Morfa, Anthony J. Rowlen, Kathy L. Reilly, Thomas H., III Romero, Manuel J. van de lagemaat, Jao TI Plasmon-enhanced solar energy conversion in organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaics SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL NANOPARTICLES; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; SURFACE-PLASMONS; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CELLS; EFFICIENCY; FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCE AB Plasmon-active silver nanoparticle layers were included in solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Nanoparticle layers were fabricated using vapor-phase deposition on indium tin oxide electrodes. Owing to the increase in optical electrical field inside the photoactive layer, the inclusion of such particle films lead to increased optical absorption and consequently increased photoconversion at solar-conversion relevant wavelengths. The resulting solar energy conversion efficiency for a bulk heterojunction photovoltaic device of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl C(61) butyric acid methyl ester was found to increase from 1.3%+/- 0.2% to 2.2%+/- 0.1% for devices employing thin plasmon-active layers. Based on six measurements, the improvement factor of 1.7 was demonstrated to be statistically significant. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Morfa, Anthony J.; Rowlen, Kathy L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rowlen, Kathy L.] InDevR Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Reilly, Thomas H., III; Romero, Manuel J.; van de lagemaat, Jao] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Morfa, AJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jao_vandelagemaat@nrel.gov RI Morfa, Anthony/D-2153-2011; van de Lagemaat, Jao/J-9431-2012; Wei, Zhanhua/D-7544-2013 OI Wei, Zhanhua/0000-0003-2687-0293 NR 34 TC 309 Z9 316 U1 8 U2 136 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 013504 DI 10.1063/1.2823578 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200172 ER PT J AU Gaunt, AJ Enriquez, AE Reilly, SD Scott, BL Neu, MP AF Gaunt, Andrew J. Enriquez, Alejandro E. Reilly, Sean D. Scott, Brian L. Neu, Mary P. TI Structural characterization of Pu[N(SiMe3)(2)](3), a synthetically useful nonaqueous plutonium(III) precursor SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRIVALENT ACTINIDE; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; CE AB A rare, and synthetically versatile, nonaqueous plutonium complex, Pu[N(SiMe3)(2)](3) (1), has been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction for the first time and reveals significantly shorter agostic interactions compared to the cerium(III) analogue, indicating possible covalency differences. C1 [Gaunt, Andrew J.; Enriquez, Alejandro E.; Reilly, Sean D.; Scott, Brian L.; Neu, Mary P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Plutonium Manufacturing & Technol Div, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gaunt, Andrew J.; Enriquez, Alejandro E.; Reilly, Sean D.; Scott, Brian L.; Neu, Mary P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Plutonium Manufacturing & Technol Div, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mneu@lanl.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Gaunt, Andrew/0000-0001-9679-6020 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1021/ic701673e PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 246PO UT WOS:000252019500009 PM 17929808 ER PT J AU Gaunt, AJ Reilly, SD Enriquez, AE Scott, BL Ibers, JA Sekar, P Ingram, KIM Kaltsoyannis, N Neu, MP AF Gaunt, Andrew J. Reilly, Sean D. Enriquez, Alejandro E. Scott, Brian L. Ibers, James A. Sekar, Perumal Ingram, Kieran I. M. Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas Neu, Mary P. TI Experimental and theoretical comparison of actinide and lanthanide bonding in M[N(EPR2)(2)](3) complexes (M = U, Pu, La, Ce; E = S, Se, Te; R = Ph, iPr, H) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RICH COORDINATION ENVIRONMENT; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; N-DONOR LIGAND; LANTHANIDE(III)/ACTINIDE(III) DIFFERENTIATION; TRIVALENT ACTINIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PHENYLCHALCOGENOLATE COMPLEXES; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; URANIUM AB Treatment of M[N(SiMe3)213 (M = J, Pu (An); La, Ce (Ln)) with NH(EPPh2)(2) and NH(EP/Pr-2)(2) (E = S, Se), afforded the neutral complexes M[N(EPR2)(2)](3) (R = Ph, Pr). Tellurium donor complexes were synthesized by treatment of MI3(SOl)(4) (M = U, Pu; sol = py and M La, Ce; sol = thf) with Na(tmeda)[N(TePiPr(2))(2)]. The complexes have been structurally and spectroscopically characterized with concomitant computational modeling through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The An-E bond lengths are shorter than the Ln-E bond lengths for metal ions of similar ionic radii, consistent with an increase in covalent interactions in the actinide bonding relative to the lanthanide bonding. In addition, the magnitude of the differences in the bonding is slightly greater with increasing softness of the chalcogen donor atom. The DFT calculations for the model systems correlate well with experimentally determined metrical parameters. They indicate that the enhanced covalency in the WE bond as group 16 is descended arises mostly from increased metal d-orbital participation. Conversely, an increase in f-orbital participation is responsible for the enhancement of covalency in An-E bonds compared to Ln-E bonds. The fundamental and practical importance of such studies of the role of the valence d and f orbitals in the bonding of the f elements is emphasized. C1 [Gaunt, Andrew J.; Reilly, Sean D.; Enriquez, Alejandro E.; Scott, Brian L.; Neu, Mary P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Plutonium Manufacturing & Technol Div, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gaunt, Andrew J.; Reilly, Sean D.; Enriquez, Alejandro E.; Scott, Brian L.; Neu, Mary P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ibers, James A.; Sekar, Perumal] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ingram, Kieran I. M.; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. RP Gaunt, AJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Plutonium Manufacturing & Technol Div, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gaunt@lanl.gov; n.kaltsoyannis@ucl.ac.uk; mneu@laln.gov RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Kaltsoyannis, Nikolas/0000-0003-0293-5742; Gaunt, Andrew/0000-0001-9679-6020 NR 67 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.1021/ic7011618a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 246PO UT WOS:000252019500010 PM 18020446 ER PT J AU Allesch, M Lightstone, FC Schwegler, E Galli, G AF Allesch, Markus Lightstone, Felice C. Schwegler, Eric Galli, Giulia TI First principles and classical molecular dynamics simulations of solvated benzene SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; HYDROPHOBIC HYDRATION; MONTE-CARLO; FORCE-FIELD; WATER-STRUCTURE; RIGID WATER; MODEL; HEXAFLUOROBENZENE; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB We have performed extensive ab initio and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of benzene in water in order to examine the unique solvation structures that are formed. Qualitative differences between classical and ab initio MD simulations are found and the importance of various technical simulation parameters is examined. Our comparison indicates that nonpolarizable classical models are not capable of describing the solute-water interface correctly if local interactions become energetically comparable to water hydrogen bonds. In addition, a comparison is made between a rigid water model and fully flexible water within ab initio MD simulations which shows that both models agree qualitatively for this challenging system. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Allesch, Markus] Graz Univ Technol, Dept Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Allesch, Markus; Lightstone, Felice C.; Schwegler, Eric; Galli, Giulia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Galli, Giulia] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allesch, M (reprint author), Graz Univ Technol, Dept Theoret & Computat Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. EM allesch2@llnl.gov RI Schwegler, Eric/F-7294-2010; Schwegler, Eric/A-2436-2016 OI Schwegler, Eric/0000-0003-3635-7418 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 1 AR 014501 DI 10.1063/1.2806288 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 248YR UT WOS:000252193700021 PM 18190198 ER PT J AU Hodak, M Lu, WC Bernholc, J AF Hodak, Miroslav Lu, Wenchang Bernholc, J. TI Hybrid ab initio Kohn-Sham density functional theory/frozen-density orbital-free density functional theory simulation method suitable for biological systems SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC-ENERGY FUNCTIONALS; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON-GAS; 1ST PRINCIPLES SIMULATIONS; PRION PROTEIN; LIQUID WATER; COPPER-BINDING; CU(II) BINDING; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB A hybrid computational method intended for simulations of biomolecules in solution is described. The ab initio Kohn-Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT) method is used to describe the chemically active part of the system and its first solvation shells, while a frozen-density orbital-free (FDOF) DFT method is used to treat the rest of the solvent. The molecules in the FDOF method have fixed internal structures and frozen electron densities. The hybrid method provides a seamless description of the boundary between the subsystems and allows for the flow of molecules across the boundary. Tests on a liquid water system show that the total energy is conserved well during molecular dynamics and that the effect of the solvent environment on the KS subsystem is well described. An initial application to copper ion binding to the prion protein is also presented. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hodak, Miroslav; Lu, Wenchang; Bernholc, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hodak, Miroslav; Lu, Wenchang; Bernholc, J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lu, Wenchang; Bernholc, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CNMS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lu, Wenchang; Bernholc, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSMD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hodak, M (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr High Performance Simulat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM hodak@chips.ncsu.edu NR 79 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 1 AR 014101 DI 10.1063/1.2814165 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 248YR UT WOS:000252193700002 PM 18190179 ER PT J AU Lacevic, N Fried, LE Gee, RH AF Lacevic, Naida Fried, Laurence E. Gee, Richard H. TI Heterogeneous directional mobility in the early stages of polymer crystallization SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EXTENDED-CHAIN CRYSTALS; INDUCTION PERIOD; PHASE-SEPARATION; UNIFIED THEORY; POLYETHYLENE; MELTS; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); GROWTH AB Recently, we demonstrated via large-scale molecular dynamics simulations a "coexistence period" in polymer melt ordering before crystallization, where nucleation and growth mechanisms coexist with a phase-separation mechanism [Gee , Nat. Mater. 5, 39 (2006)]. Here, we present an extension of this work, where we analyze the directional displacements as a measure of the mobility of monomers as they order during crystallization over more than 100 ns of simulation time. It is found that the polymer melt, after quenching, rapidly separates into many ordered hexagonal domains separated by amorphous regions, where surprisingly, the magnitude of the monomer's displacement in the ordered state, parallel to the domain axial direction, is similar to its magnitude in the melt. The monomer displacements in the domain's lateral direction are found to decrease during the time of the simulation. The ordered hexagonal domains do not align into uniform lamellar structures during the timescales of our simulations. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lacevic, Naida; Fried, Laurence E.; Gee, Richard H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lacevic, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Div Chem Sci, POB 808,L 268, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lacevic.n@gmail.co RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 1 AR 014903 DI 10.1063/1.2813896 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 248YR UT WOS:000252193700045 PM 18190222 ER PT J AU Delsanto, PP Condat, CA Pugno, N Gliozzi, AS Griffa, M AF Delsanto, P. P. Condat, C. A. Pugno, N. Gliozzi, A. S. Griffa, M. TI A multilevel approach to cancer growth modeling SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cancer growth; multicellular tumor spheroids; modeling; scaling; multilevel approach; cellular dynamics; universality; energy balance; complexity ID MULTICELLULAR TUMOR SPHEROIDS; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; ONTOGENIC GROWTH; CELL SPHEROIDS; INTERNALIZATION; MIGRATION; INVASION; NECROSIS; GLUCOSE; OXYGEN AB Cancer growth models may be divided into macroscopic models, which describe the tumor as a single entity, and microscopic ones, which consider the tumor as a complex system whose behavior emerges from the local dynamics of its basic components, the neoplastic cells. Mesoscopic models (e.g. as based on the Local Interaction Simulation Approach [Delsanto, P.P., Mignogna, R., Scalerandi, M., Schechter, R., 1998. In: Delsanto, P.P. Saenz, A.W. (Eds.), New Perspectives on Problems in Classical and Quantum Physics, vol. 2. Gordon & Breach, New Delhi, p. 5174]), which explicitly consider the behavior of cell clusters and their interactions, may be used instead of the microscopic ones, in order to study the properties of cancer biology that strongly depend on the interactions of small groups of cells at intermediate spatial and temporal scales. All these approaches have been developed independently, which limits their usefulness, since they all include relevant features and information that should be cross-correlated for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved. In this contribution we consider multicellular tumor spheroids as biological reference systems and propose an intermediate model to bridge the gap between a macroscopic formulation of tumor growth and a mesoscopic one. Thus we are able to establish, as an important result of our formalism, a direct correspondence between parameters characterizing processes occurring at different scales. In particular, we analyze their dependence on an important limiting factor to tumor growth, i.e. the extra-cellular matrix pressure. Since the macro and meso-models stem from totally different roots (energy conservation and clinical observations vs. cell groups dynamics), their consistency may be used to validate both approaches. It may also be interesting to note that the proposed formalism fits well into a recently proposed conjecture of growth laws universality. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Delsanto, P. P.; Gliozzi, A. S.] Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Delsanto, P. P.; Griffa, M.] Bioinformat & High Performance Comp Lab, I-10100 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy. [Pugno, N.] Politecn Torino, Dept Struct Engn, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Condat, C. A.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, CONICET, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Condat, C. A.] Univ Nacl Cordoba, FAMAF, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. [Griffa, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES 11, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Delsanto, PP (reprint author), Politecn Torino, Dept Phys, Corso Duca Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Turin, Italy. EM pier.delsanto@polito.it; condat@famaf.unc.edu.ar; nicola.pugno@polito.it; antonio.gliozzi@polito.it; mgriffa@lanl.gov RI Gliozzi, Antonio/G-7769-2012; Pugno, Nicola/C-2289-2014; OI GLIOZZI, ANTONIO/0000-0003-1084-0444 NR 62 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 250 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.09.023 PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 252UN UT WOS:000252472200002 PM 18028962 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, K Chaudhuri, D AF Balasubramanian, K. Chaudhuri, Doyel TI Computational modeling of environmental plutonyl mono-, di- and tricarbonate complexes with Ca counterions: Structures and spectra: Puo(2)(CO3)(2)(2-), PuO2(CO3)(2)Ca, and PuO2(CO3)(3)Ca-3 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEVADA TEST-SITE; URANYL; IONS; DENSITY; WATER; COORDINATION; CHEMISTRY; URANIUM; UO2CO3; STATE AB We have computed the structures, and select vibrational spectra, electron density and molecular orbital contour plots of plutonium(VI) complexes of environmental importance such as [PuO2(CO3)(2)](2-) and [PuO2(CO3)(3)](4-). We show that Ca2+ is efficacious in gas-phase modeling of electronic and spectroscopic properties of multiply charged plutonyl di and tricarbonate anions through complexes such as PuO2(CO3)(2)Ca and [PuO2(CO3)(3)Ca-3](2+). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Balasubramanian, K.] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Balasubramanian, K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Balasubramanian, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chaudhuri, Doyel] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balasubramanian, K (reprint author), Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Math & Comp Sci, E Bay, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. EM balu@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 450 IS 4-6 BP 196 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.11.012 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 255YH UT WOS:000252694000005 ER PT J AU Badaeva, E Tretiak, S AF Badaeva, Ekaterina Tretiak, Sergei TI Two photon absorption of extended substituted phenylenevinylene oligomers: A TDDFT study SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MULTIBRANCHED STRUCTURES; CONJUGATED MOLECULES; EXCITED-STATES; AB-INITIO; TD-DFT; CHROMOPHORES; QUADRUPOLAR; DERIVATIVES; DIPOLAR AB Time dependent density functional theory has been applied to analyze the effect of substituent groups on one-photon (OPA) and two-photon (TPA) absorption properties of extended amine-terminated phenylenevinylene oligomers. All investigated molecules are characterized by increased TPA activity. Calculated TPA cross-sections for these compounds do not show TPA enhancements observed in experimental measurements. Stabilization of the TPA active excited state in these chromophores leads to the small (similar to 0.2 eV) energy separation between the OPA and TPA allowed excited states, which agrees well with experimental data and may lead to the enhancement of the TPA response due to the strong vibronic couplings. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Badaeva, Ekaterina; Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Badaeva, Ekaterina] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Badaeva, Ekaterina; Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tretiak, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM serg@lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 450 IS 4-6 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.10.108 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 255YH UT WOS:000252694000028 ER PT J AU Kaczmarski, K Gritti, F Guiochon, G AF Kaczmarski, Krzysztof Gritti, Fabrice Guiochon, Georges TI Prediction of the influence of the heat generated by viscous friction on the efficiency of chromatography columns SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE axial temperature profiles; column efficiency; heat generation; heat transfer; radial temperature profiles; viscous friction ID PRESSURE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION; FLOW VELOCITY; HPLC COLUMNS; PERFORMANCE; DISSIPATION AB The combination of the heat balance in a chromatographic column percolated by a stream of mobile phase and of the model of band migration under linear conditions along such a column permits the calculation of the axial and radial temperature distributions in the column, of the elution band profiles, and of the column efficiency under different sets of experimental conditions. The calculated results are always consistent with the experimental results published by different groups and often in good quantitative agreement. Minor discrepancies arise from difficulties in deriving precise estimates of the heat transfers from the column due to the massive endfittings of the column and to uncontrolled heat transfer from the column tube to ambient air. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaczmarski, Krzysztof; Guiochon, Georges] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kaczmarski, Krzysztof] Rzeszow Univ Technol, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland. [Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, 552 Buehler Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM guiochon@ion.chem.utk.edu NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 1177 IS 1 BP 92 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.009 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 251KA UT WOS:000252370700010 PM 18037428 ER PT J AU Proudfoot, M Sanders, SA Singer, A Zhang, R Brown, G Binkowski, A Xu, L Lukin, JA Murzin, AG Joachimiak, A Arrowsmith, CH Edwards, AM Savchenko, AV Yakunin, AF AF Proudfoot, Michael Sanders, Stephen A. Singer, Alex Zhang, Rongguang Brown, Greg Binkowski, Andrew Xu, Linda Lukin, Jonathan A. Murzin, Alexey G. Joachimiak, Andrzej Arrowsmith, Cheryl H. Edwards, Aled M. Savchenko, Alexei V. Yakunin, Alexander F. TI Biochemical and structural characterization of a novel family of cystathionine beta-synthase domain proteins fused to a Zn ribbon-like domain SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cystathionine beta-synthase domain; zinc ribbon domain; rubredoxin; electron transfer; crystal structure ID ARCHAEBACTERIUM PYROCOCCUS-FURIOSUS; ENZYMATIC OMEGA-OXIDATION; PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS RUBREDOXIN; YEAST RNA-POLYMERASES; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; CLOSTRIDIUM-PASTEURIANUM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DESULFOVIBRIO-GIGAS AB We have identified a novel family of proteins, in which the N-terminal cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) domain is fused to the C-terminal Zn ribbon domain. Four proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified: TA0289 from Thermoplasma acidophilum, TV1335 from Thermoplasma volcanium, PF1953 from Pyrococcus furiosus, and PH0267 from Pyrococcus horikoshii. The purified proteins had a red/purple color in solution and an absorption spectrum typical of rubredoxins (Rds). Metal analysis of purified proteins revealed the presence of several metals, with iron and zinc being the most abundant metals (2-67% of iron and 12-74% of zinc). Crystal structures of both mercury- and iron-bound TA0289 (1.5-2.0 angstrom resolution) revealed a dimeric protein whose intersubunit contacts are formed exclusively by the alpha-helices of two cystathionine beta-synthase subdomains, whereas the C-terminal domain has a classical Zn ribbon planar architecture. All proteins were reversibly reduced by chemical reductants (ascorbate or dithionite) or by the general Rd reductase NorW from E. coli in the presence of NADH. Reduced TA0289. was found to be capable of transferring electrons to cytochrome C from horse heart. Likewise, the purified Zn ribbon protein KTI11 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae had a purple color in solution and an Rd-like absorption spectrum, contained both iron and zinc, and was reduced by the Rd reductase NorW from E. coli. Thus, recombinant Zn ribbon domains from archaea and yeast demonstrate an Rd-like electron carrier activity in vitro. We suggest that, in vivo, some Zn ribbon domains might also bind iron and therefore possess an electron carrier activity, adding another physiological role to this large family of important proteins. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Proudfoot, Michael; Sanders, Stephen A.; Singer, Alex; Brown, Greg; Xu, Linda; Edwards, Aled M.; Savchenko, Alexei V.; Yakunin, Alexander F.] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. [Zhang, Rongguang; Binkowski, Andrew; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lukin, Jonathan A.; Arrowsmith, Cheryl H.] Univ Toronto, Ontario Canc Inst, Dept Med Biophys, Toronto, ON M5G 1L5, Canada. [Murzin, Alexey G.] MRC, Ctr Protein Engn, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. RP Yakunin, AF (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, 112 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada. EM a.iakounine@utoronto.ca RI Yakunin, Alexander/J-1519-2014 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U105192716]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM62414, P50 GM062414, U54 GM074942, U54 GM074942-01] NR 74 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 375 IS 1 BP 301 EP 315 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.060 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 246JA UT WOS:000252002100024 PM 18021800 ER PT J AU Rensing, SA Lang, D Zimmer, AD Terry, A Salamov, A Shapiro, H Nishiyama, T Perroud, PF Lindquist, EA Kamisugi, Y Tanahashi, T Sakakibara, K Fujita, T Oishi, K Shin-I, T Kuroki, Y Toyoda, A Suzuki, Y Hashimoto, S Yamaguchi, K Sugano, S Kohara, Y Fujiyama, A Anterola, A Aoki, S Ashton, N Barbazuk, WB Barker, E Bennetzen, JL Blankenship, R Cho, SH Dutcher, SK Estelle, M Fawcett, JA Gundlach, H Hanada, K Heyl, A Hicks, KA Hughes, J Lohr, M Mayer, K Melkozernov, A Murata, T Nelson, DR Pils, B Prigge, M Reiss, B Renner, T Rombauts, S Rushton, PJ Sanderfoot, A Schween, G Shiu, SH Stueber, K Theodoulou, FL Tu, H Van de Peer, Y Verrier, PJ Waters, E Wood, A Yang, LX Cove, D Cuming, AC Hasebe, M Lucas, S Mishler, BD Reski, R Grigoriev, IV Quatrano, RS Boore, JL AF Rensing, Stefan A. Lang, Daniel Zimmer, Andreas D. Terry, Astrid Salamov, Asaf Shapiro, Harris Nishiyama, Tomoaki Perroud, Pierre-Francois Lindquist, Erika A. Kamisugi, Yasuko Tanahashi, Takako Sakakibara, Keiko Fujita, Tomomichi Oishi, Kazuko Shin-I, Tadasu Kuroki, Yoko Toyoda, Atsushi Suzuki, Yutaka Hashimoto, Shin-ichi Yamaguchi, Kazuo Sugano, Sumio Kohara, Yuji Fujiyama, Asao Anterola, Aldwin Aoki, Setsuyuki Ashton, Neil Barbazuk, W. Brad Barker, Elizabeth Bennetzen, Jeffrey L. Blankenship, Robert Cho, Sung Hyun Dutcher, Susan K. Estelle, Mark Fawcett, Jeffrey A. Gundlach, Heidrun Hanada, Kousuke Heyl, Alexander Hicks, Karen A. Hughes, Jon Lohr, Martin Mayer, Klaus Melkozernov, Alexander Murata, Takashi Nelson, David R. Pils, Birgit Prigge, Michael Reiss, Bernd Renner, Tanya Rombauts, Stephane Rushton, Paul J. Sanderfoot, Anton Schween, Gabriele Shiu, Shin-Han Stueber, Kurt Theodoulou, Frederica L. Tu, Hank Van de Peer, Yves Verrier, Paul J. Waters, Elizabeth Wood, Andrew Yang, Lixing Cove, David Cuming, Andrew C. Hasebe, Mitsuyasu Lucas, Susan Mishler, Brent D. Reski, Ralf Grigoriev, Igor V. Quatrano, Ralph S. Boore, Jeffrey L. TI The Physcomitrella genome reveals evolutionary insights into the conquest of land by plants SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; OSMOTIC-STRESS; ABSCISIC-ACID; PATENS; GENE; REPAIR; SALT; CONSEQUENCES; DUPLICATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB We report the draft genome sequence of the model moss Physcomitrella patens and compare its features with those of flowering plants, from which it is separated by more than 400 million years, and unicellular aquatic algae. This comparison reveals genomic changes concomitant with the evolutionary movement to land, including a general increase in gene family complexity; loss of genes associated with aquatic environments ( e. g., flagellar arms); acquisition of genes for tolerating terrestrial stresses ( e. g., variation in temperature and water availability); and the development of the auxin and abscisic acid signaling pathways for coordinating multicellular growth and dehydration response. The Physcomitrella genome provides a resource for phylogenetic inferences about gene function and for experimental analysis of plant processes through this plant's unique facility for reverse genetics. C1 [Perroud, Pierre-Francois; Blankenship, Robert; Cho, Sung Hyun; Cove, David; Quatrano, Ralph S.] Washington Univ, Dept Biol, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Rensing, Stefan A.; Lang, Daniel; Zimmer, Andreas D.; Schween, Gabriele; Reski, Ralf] Univ Freiburg, Fac Biol, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. [Terry, Astrid; Lucas, Susan] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Terry, Astrid; Lucas, Susan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Salamov, Asaf; Shapiro, Harris; Lindquist, Erika A.; Tu, Hank; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Nishiyama, Tomoaki; Yamaguchi, Kazuo] Kanazawa Univ, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9200934, Japan. [Kamisugi, Yasuko; Cove, David; Cuming, Andrew C.] Univ Leeds, Ctr Plant Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Tanahashi, Takako; Murata, Takashi; Hasebe, Mitsuyasu] Natl Inst Basic Biol, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Tanahashi, Takako; Murata, Takashi; Hasebe, Mitsuyasu] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Life Sci, Dept Basic Biol, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Sakakibara, Keiko] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3800, Australia. [Fujita, Tomomichi] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Oishi, Kazuko; Shin-I, Tadasu; Kohara, Yuji] Natl Inst Genet, Ctr Genet Resource Informat, Genome Biol Lab, Mishima, Shizuoka 4118540, Japan. [Kuroki, Yoko; Toyoda, Atsushi; Fujiyama, Asao] RIKEN, Genom Sci Ctr, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. [Suzuki, Yutaka; Sugano, Sumio] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Med Genome Sci, Lab Funct Genom, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. [Hashimoto, Shin-ichi] Univ Tokyo, Sch Med, Dept Mol Prevent Med, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Yamaguchi, Kazuo] Kanazawa Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201192, Japan. [Kohara, Yuji] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Life Sci, Dept Genet, Mishima, Shizuoka 4118540, Japan. [Fujiyama, Asao] Natl Inst Informat, Tokyo 1018403, Japan. [Fujiyama, Asao] Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Multidisciplinary Sci, Dept Informat, Tokyo 1018403, Japan. [Anterola, Aldwin; Wood, Andrew] So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Aoki, Setsuyuki] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Informat Sci, Life Sci Informat Unit, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Ashton, Neil; Barker, Elizabeth] Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Barbazuk, W. Brad] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Bennetzen, Jeffrey L.; Yang, Lixing] Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Davison Life Sci Complex, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Dutcher, Susan K.] Washington Univ, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Estelle, Mark; Prigge, Michael] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Fawcett, Jeffrey A.; Rombauts, Stephane; Van de Peer, Yves] Univ Ghent VIB, Dept Plant Syst Biol, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium. [Gundlach, Heidrun; Mayer, Klaus] GSF Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, MIPS IBI Inst Bioinformat, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Hanada, Kousuke; Shiu, Shin-Han] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hanada, Kousuke] RIKEN, Plant Sci Ctr, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. [Heyl, Alexander] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, Appl Genet Neubau, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Hicks, Karen A.; Reiss, Bernd; Stueber, Kurt] Max Planck Inst Plant Breeding Res, D-50829 Cologne, Germany. [Hicks, Karen A.] Kenyon Coll, Dept Biol, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. [Hughes, Jon] Univ Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Lohr, Martin] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Gen Bot, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Melkozernov, Alexander] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nelson, David R.] Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Pils, Birgit; Waters, Elizabeth] Univ Wurzburg, Biozentrum, Dept Bioinformat, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Renner, Tanya] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Rushton, Paul J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Sanderfoot, Anton] Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Biol, Biol Sci Ctr 250, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Theodoulou, Frederica L.] Rothamsted Res, Dept Biol Chem, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Verrier, Paul J.] Rothamsted Res, Biomath & Bioinformat Dept, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. [Hasebe, Mitsuyasu] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, ERATO, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Mishler, Brent D.; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP Quatrano, RS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, 1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM rsq@wustl.edu RI Reski, Ralf/A-8817-2008; Fawcett, Jeffrey/B-4145-2008; Van de Peer, Yves/D-4388-2009; Yang, Lixing/A-7073-2013; Lang, Daniel/C-7238-2008; Rombauts, Stephane/D-7640-2014; Mayer, Klaus/M-7941-2015; Lohr, Martin/A-1214-2009; OI Van de Peer, Yves/0000-0003-4327-3730; Lang, Daniel/0000-0002-2166-0716; Rombauts, Stephane/0000-0002-3985-4981; Mayer, Klaus/0000-0001-6484-1077; Nelson, David/0000-0003-0583-5421; Prigge, Michael/0000-0003-0671-2538; Nishiyama, Tomoaki/0000-0003-1279-7806; Shiu, Shin-Han/0000-0001-6470-235X FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/C/00004948] NR 35 TC 839 Z9 937 U1 15 U2 160 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5859 BP 64 EP 69 DI 10.1126/science.1150646 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247MM UT WOS:000252084000030 PM 18079367 ER PT J AU Garand, E Zhou, J Manolopoulos, DE Alexander, MH Neumark, DM AF Garand, Etienne Zhou, Jia Manolopoulos, David E. Alexander, Millard H. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Nonadiabatic interactions in the Cl+H-2 reaction probed by CIH2- and CID2- photoelectron imaging SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; CHLORINE ATOM REACTION; SPIN-ORBIT REACTIVITY; TRANSITION-STATE; F+H-2 REACTION; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTODETACHMENT; DYNAMICS; IONS AB The degree of electronic and nuclear coupling in the Cl + H-2 reaction has become a vexing problem in chemical dynamics. We report slow electron velocity- map imaging (SEVI) spectra of ClH2- and ClD2-. These spectra probe the reactant valley of the neutral reaction potential energy surface, where nonadiabatic transitions responsible for reactivity of the Cl excited spin- orbit state with H-2 would occur. The SEVI spectra reveal progressions in low- frequency Cl center dot H-2 bending and stretching modes, and are compared to simulations with and without nonadiabatic couplings between the Cl spin- orbit states. Although nonadiabatic effects are small, their inclusion improves agreement with experiment. This comparison validates the theoretical treatment, especially of the nonadiabatic effects, in this critical region of the Cl + H-2 reaction, and suggests strongly that these effects are minor. C1 [Manolopoulos, David E.] Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. [Garand, Etienne; Zhou, Jia; Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alexander, Millard H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Alexander, Millard H.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Manolopoulos, DE (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QZ, England. EM david.manolopoulos@chem.ox.ac.uk; mha@umd.edu; dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 39 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5859 BP 72 EP 75 DI 10.1126/science.1150602 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247MM UT WOS:000252084000032 PM 18174436 ER PT J AU Marty, B Palma, RL Pepin, RO Zimmermann, L Schlutter, DJ Burnard, PG Westphal, AJ Snead, CJ Bajt, S Becker, RH Simones, JE AF Marty, Bernard Palma, Russell L. Pepin, Robert O. Zimmermann, Laurent Schlutter, Dennis J. Burnard, Peter G. Westphal, Andrew J. Snead, Christopher J. Bajt, Sasa Becker, Richard H. Simones, Jacob E. TI Helium and neon abundances and compositions in cometary matter SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY DUST PARTICLES; NOBLE-GAS COMPONENT; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS; STARDUST SPACECRAFT; EXCESS HE-3; SOLAR-WIND; P/WILD 2; ORIGIN; 81P/WILD-2; METEORITE AB Materials trapped and preserved in comets date from the earliest history of the solar system. Particles captured by the Stardust spacecraft from comet 81P/Wild2 are indisputable cometary matter available for laboratory study. Here we report measurements of noble gases in Stardust material. Neon isotope ratios are within the range observed in "phase Q," a ubiquitous, primitive organic carrier of noble gases in meteorites. Helium displays He-3/He-4 ratios twice those in phase Q and in Jupiter's atmosphere. Abundances per gram are surprisingly large, suggesting implantation by ion irradiation. The gases are probably carried in high- temperature igneous grains similar to particles found in other Stardust studies. Collectively, the evidence points to gas acquisition in a hot, high ion- flux nebular environment close to the young Sun. C1 [Palma, Russell L.; Pepin, Robert O.; Schlutter, Dennis J.; Becker, Richard H.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Marty, Bernard; Zimmermann, Laurent; Burnard, Peter G.] Nancy Univ, Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Palma, Russell L.; Simones, Jacob E.] Minnesota State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. [Westphal, Andrew J.; Snead, Christopher J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bajt, Sasa] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pepin, RO (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM pepin001@umn.edu RI Bajt, Sasa/G-2228-2010 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5859 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1126/science.1148001 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247MM UT WOS:000252084000033 PM 18174437 ER PT J AU Sholklapper, TZ Radmilovic, V Jacobson, CP Visco, SJ De Jonghe, LC AF Sholklapper, Tal Z. Radmilovic, Velimir Jacobson, Craig P. Visco, Steven J. De Jonghe, Lutgard C. TI Nanocomposite Ag-LSM solid oxide fuel cell electrodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE SOFC; nanoparticulate; electrodes; silver ID REDUCED-TEMPERATURE SOFCS; CERMET CATHODE; ELECTROLYTES; DEPOSITION AB Advances in infiltration technology have enabled the creation of innovative electrode architectures that are key to highly effective SOFC anodes and cathodes. In this work, an Ag-infiltrated electrode has been created using a pre-sintered porous scandia-stabilized zirconia (SSZ) electrode backbone. The well-sintered SSZ provides a highly connected ion-conducting pathway throughout the electrode, while the nanometer thickness of the Ag particle layer minimizes the oxygen transport resistance that otherwise limits reaction rates in typical Ag composite electrodes. The new Ag composite electrode had minimal activation polarization by 750C. The infiltration technology has allowed for incorporation of additional nanoscale electrocatalysts. Here, an Ag-LSM (strontium-doped lanthanum manganate) composite was produced, that takes advantage of each component catalyst and demonstrates a further enhanced effectiveness of the cathode Ag metal catalyst, producing relatively stable cell power densities of 3 16 mW cm(-2) at 0.7 V (and 467 mW cm-2 peak power at similar to 0.4 V) for over 500 h. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Sholklapper, Tal Z.; Jacobson, Craig P.; Visco, Steven J.; De Jonghe, Lutgard C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Radmilovic, Velimir] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sholklapper, Tal Z.; De Jonghe, Lutgard C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sholklapper, TZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tzsholklapper@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.051 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 253IY UT WOS:000252513100025 ER PT J AU Elezovic, NR Babic, BM Radmilovic, VR Gojkovic, SL Krstajic, NV Vracar, LM AF Elezovic, N. R. Babic, B. M. Radmilovic, V. R. Gojkovic, S. Lj. Krstajic, N. V. Vracar, Lj. M. TI Pt/C doped by MoOx as the electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE methanol oxidation; oxygen reduction; platinum; molybdenum oxides; TEM ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; ALLOY CATALYSTS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; H-2/CO MIXTURES; ACID-SOLUTION; PLATINUM; CO; ELECTRODE; NI; PERFORMANCE AB The oxidation of methanol and reduction of oxygen were studied on MoOx-Pt/C nano-catalysts prepared by the polyole method combined by MoOx post-deposition. The catalysts were characterized by TEM and EDX. The presented composition of the electrode is very similar to the nominal ones and post-deposited MoOx species block only a small fraction of the active Pt particle surface area. MoOx deposition on the carbon support can be ruled out from the EDX results and the low mobility of these oxides at corresponding conditions. The electrode catalytic activity in the electrooxidation of methanol and the reduction of oxygen was studied by steady-state voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. MoOx-Pt/C catalyst exhibits higher catalytic activity than Pt/C for the oxygen reduction. The catalytic effect in oxidation of methanol is achieved only under potentiodynamic conditions, when poisoning species have no enough time to develop fully. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gojkovic, S. Lj.; Krstajic, N. V.; Vracar, Lj. M.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia. [Radmilovic, V. R.] LBLN Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA USA. [Babic, B. M.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Elezovic, N. R.] Univ Belgrade, Ctr Multidisciplinary Studies, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia. RP Vracar, LM (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, YU-11001 Belgrade, Serbia. EM ljvracar@tmf.bg.ac.yu NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1 BP 250 EP 255 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 253IY UT WOS:000252513100032 ER PT J AU Tucker, MC Lau, GY Jacobson, CP DeJonghe, LC Visco, SJ AF Tucker, Michael C. Lau, Grace Y. Jacobson, Craig P. DeJonghe, Lutgard C. Visco, Steven J. TI Stability and robustness of metal-supported SOFCs SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE SOFC; metal support; stability ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; REDUCTION; ANODES AB Tubular metal-supported SOFCs with YSZ electrolyte and electrodes comprising porous YSZ backbone and infiltrated Ni and LSM catalysts are operated at 700 degrees C. Tolerance to five complete anode redox cycles and five very rapid thermal cycles is demonstrated. The power output of a cell with as-infiltrated Ni anode degrades rapidly over 15 h operation. This degradation can be attributed primarily to coarsening of the fine infiltrated Ni particles. A cell in which the infiltrated Ni anode is precoarsened at 800 degrees C before operation at 700 degrees C shows dramatically improved stability. Stable operation over 350 h is demonstrated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tucker, Michael C.; Lau, Grace Y.; Jacobson, Craig P.; DeJonghe, Lutgard C.; Visco, Steven J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tucker, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mctucker@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1 BP 447 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.032 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 253IY UT WOS:000252513100056 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Abraham, DP Xiao, A Lucht, BL AF Kang, S. -H. Abraham, D. P. Xiao, A. Lucht, B. L. TI Investigating the solid electrolyte interphase using binder-free graphite electrodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE electrophoretic deposition; LiPF6; LiF2BC2O4; passivation films ID LIBOB-BASED ELECTROLYTES; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACE; ANODES; SALT; DICARBONATE AB Binder-free (BF) electrodes simplify interpretation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) data obtained from studies of graphite surfaces. In this work, we prepared BF-graphite electrodes by electrophoretic deposition (EPD), and the SEI layers formed on the electrode in lithium cells containing LiPF6- and LiF2BC2O4-bearing electrolytes were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the dominant SEI species were lithium alkyl carbonates (ROCO2Li) and lithium alkoxides (ROLi); Li2CO3 was conspicuously absent. Trigonal borate oligomers are most likely present in the SEI of graphite samples cycled in LiF2BC2O4 electrolyte, while lithium fluorophosphates are present on graphite samples cycled in LiPF6 electrolyte. The SEI layer coverage was greater on graphite samples cycled in LiF2BC2O4 electrolyte than in the LiPF6 electrolyte. Our results demonstrate that BF-graphite electrodes prepared by EPD are suitable for the study of SEI layer formed in various electrolyte systems. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, S. -H.; Abraham, D. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Xiao, A.; Lucht, B. L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abraham@cmt.anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010 NR 29 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 6 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 175 IS 1 BP 526 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.112 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 253IY UT WOS:000252513100067 ER PT J AU Sales, BC Jin, RY Mandrus, D AF Sales, Brian C. Jin, Rongying Mandrus, David TI Zintl Compounds: From Power Generation To The Anomalous Hall Effect SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Zintl; thermoelectric; skutterudite; clathrate; Yb14MnSb11; anomalous Hall effect AB The general characteristics of Zintl compounds are discussed with particular emphasis on the use of these materials in thermoelectric devices for the conversion of heat into electricity. In addition to thermoelectric applications, many of these Zintl phases also have unusual correlated ground states. The tetragonal compound Yb14MnSb11 is a good example. This compound exhibits excellent thermoelectric properties at high temperatures and at low temperatures is believed to be a rare example of an underscreened Kondo ferromagnet. In the ferromagnetic state the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) data from Yb14MnSb11 is highly anisotropic, and reflects the competition between a ferromagnetic ground state and Kondo screening. In one direction (H//a, I //c), the AHE data are "normal ", and dominated by intrinsic Berry phase physics. In another orientation (H//c, I//a), Kondo skew scattering appears to dominate. C1 [Sales, Brian C.; Jin, Rongying; Mandrus, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sales, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM salesbc@ornl.gov FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge stimulating and illuminating discussions with Allan MacDonald, Qian Niu and Peter Khalifah. Research sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 77 SU A BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1143/JPSJS.77SA.48 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V39AS UT WOS:000209384500009 ER PT J AU Onishi, H Hotta, T AF Onishi, Hiroaki Hotta, Takashi TI Antiferro-quadrupole state of orbital-degenerate Kondo lattice model with f(2) configuration SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE PrPb3; antiferro-quadrupole state; j-j coupling scheme AB To clarify a key role of f orbitals in the emergence of antiferro-quadrupole structure in PrPb3, we investigate the ground-state property of an orbital-degenerate Kondo lattice model by numerical diagonalization techniques. In PrPb3, Pr3+ has a 4f(2) configuration and the crystalline-electric-field ground state is a non-Kramers doublet Gamma(3). In a j-j coupling scheme, the Gamma(3) state is described by two local singlets, each of which consists of two f electrons with one in Gamma(7) and another in Gamma(8) orbitals. Since in a cubic structure, Gamma(7) has localized nature, while Gamma(8) orbitals are rather itinerant, we propose the orbital-degenerate Kondo lattice model for an effective Hamiltonian of PrPb3. We show that an antiferro-orbital state is favored by the so-called double-exchange mechanism which is characteristic of multi-orbital systems. C1 [Onishi, Hiroaki; Hotta, Takashi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Onishi, Hiroaki] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Onishi, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [18027016]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [18540361] FX The authors have been supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Priority Area "Skutterudites" under the contract No. 18027016 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. T.H. has been also supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) under the contract No. 18540361 from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 77 SU A BP 199 EP 201 DI 10.1143/JPSJS.77SA.199 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V39AS UT WOS:000209384500034 ER PT J AU Yanagisawa, T Yasumoto, Y Nemoto, Y Goto, T Yuhasz, WM Ho, PC Maple, MB Henkie, Z Pietraszko, A AF Yanagisawa, T. Yasumoto, Y. Nemoto, Y. Goto, T. Yuhasz, W. M. Ho, P-C. Maple, M. B. Henkie, Z. Pietraszko, A. TI Quadrupole Effect in the Filled Skutterudite Compound PrOs4As12 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE filled-skutterudite; antiferro magnetism; quadrupole; ultrasound; elastic constant AB Ultrasonic investigation of a single crystal of the filled skutterudite antiferromagnetic compound PrOs4As12 was performed. Curie-type softening appeared in C-L111 = C-B + 4/3C(44) and C-T111 = 2/3(C-11 - C-12)/2 + 4/3C(44), is explained in terms of the quadrupole susceptibility modified by a crystalline electric field with a Gamma((2))(4) -triplet ground state and a Gamma(1)-singlet first excited state. The quadrupole susceptibility analysis finds that the intersite quadrupole interactions in this compound are negative, indicating an antiferro-quadrupolar type interaction. Additional ultrasonic features, appeared in an ordered phase under magnetic fields between 2 T and 3 T for H \\ [111] and H \\ [110], suggest the existence of another intermediate phase boundary. Magnetic field-temperature (H - T) phase diagrams for H \\ [111] and H \\ [1 (1) over bar0], which exhibits strong magnetic anisotropy, were obtained. C1 [Yanagisawa, T.; Yasumoto, Y.; Nemoto, Y.; Goto, T.] Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. [Yuhasz, W. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ho, P-C.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Phys, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Maple, M. B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. [Henkie, Z.; Pietraszko, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Emperature & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw, Poland. RP Yanagisawa, T (reprint author), Niigata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Niigata 9502181, Japan. RI YANAGISAWA, Tatsuya/B-3199-2008 OI YANAGISAWA, Tatsuya/0000-0003-4558-8824 FU U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-04ER46105]; U.S. NSF [DMR0335173]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan [18002008] FX Research at UCSD was supported by the U.S. DOE. Grant DE-FG02-04ER46105 and the U.S. NSF. Grant DMR0335173. Work at Niigata Univ. was supported by Grand-in Aid for Specially Promoted Research "Strongly correlated quantum phase associated with charge fluctuation" (No. 18002008) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 77 SU A BP 225 EP 228 DI 10.1143/JPSJS.77SA.225 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V39AS UT WOS:000209384500043 ER PT J AU Johnson, PA Savage, H Knuth, M Gomberg, J Marone, C AF Johnson, Paul A. Savage, Heather Knuth, Matt Gomberg, Joan Marone, Chris TI Effects of acoustic waves on stick-slip in granular media and implications for earthquakes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SEISMICITY; STRESS; DEFORMATIONS; CALIFORNIA; FRICTION AB It remains unknown how the small strains induced by seismic waves can trigger earthquakes at large distances, in some cases thousands of kilometres from the triggering earthquake, with failure often occurring long after the waves have passed(1-6). Earthquake nucleation is usually observed to take place at depths of 10 - 20 km, and so static overburden should be large enough to inhibit triggering by seismic- wave stress perturbations. To understand the physics of dynamic triggering better, as well as the influence of dynamic stressing on earthquake recurrence, we have conducted laboratory studies of stick - slip in granular media with and without applied acoustic vibration. Glass beads were used to simulate granular fault zone material, sheared under constant normal stress, and subject to transient or continuous perturbation by acoustic waves. Here we show that small- magnitude failure events, corresponding to triggered aftershocks, occur when applied sound- wave amplitudes exceed several microstrain. These events are frequently delayed or occur as part of a cascade of small events. Vibrations also cause large slip events to be disrupted in time relative to those without wave perturbation. The effects are observed for many large- event cycles after vibrations cease, indicating a strain memory in the granular material. Dynamic stressing of tectonic faults may play a similar role in determining the complexity of earthquake recurrence. C1 [Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Savage, Heather; Knuth, Matt; Marone, Chris] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Savage, Heather] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Knuth, Matt] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gomberg, Joan] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp EES11, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM paj@lanl.gov OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 17 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 35 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7174 BP 57 EP U5 DI 10.1038/nature06440 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247KZ UT WOS:000252079300032 PM 18172496 ER PT J AU Atsumi, S Hanai, T Liao, JC AF Atsumi, Shota Hanai, Taizo Liao, James C. TI Non-fermentative pathways for synthesis of branched-chain higher alcohols as biofuels SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AMINO-ACIDS; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ISOLEUCINE BIOSYNTHESIS; DECARBOXYLASE; METABOLISM; GENE; 1,3-PROPANEDIOL AB Global energy and environmental problems have stimulated increased efforts towards synthesizing biofuels from renewable resources(1-3). Compared to the traditional biofuel, ethanol, higher alcohols offer advantages as gasoline substitutes because of their higher energy density and lower hygroscopicity. In addition, branched- chain alcohols have higher octane numbers compared with their straight- chain counterparts. However, these alcohols cannot be synthesized economically using native organisms. Here we present a metabolic engineering approach using Escherichia coli to produce higher alcohols including isobutanol, 1-butanol, 2- methyl- 1- butanol, 3- methyl- 1- butanol and 2- phenylethanol from glucose, a renewable carbon source. This strategy uses the host's highly active amino acid biosynthetic pathway and diverts its 2- keto acid intermediates for alcohol synthesis. In particular, we have achieved high- yield, high- specificity production of isobutanol from glucose. The strategy enables the exploration of biofuels beyond those naturally accumulated to high quantities in microbial fermentation. C1 [Atsumi, Shota; Hanai, Taizo; Liao, James C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Liao, James C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Liao, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 5531 Boelter Hall,420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM liaoj@seas.ucla.edu OI Atsumi, Shota/0000-0002-5782-4196 NR 30 TC 834 Z9 889 U1 49 U2 444 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7174 BP 86 EP U13 DI 10.1038/nature06450 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247KZ UT WOS:000252079300039 PM 18172501 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Agelou, M Ahn, SH Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Anastasoaie, M Andeen, T Anderson, S Andrieu, B Anzelc, MS Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Jesus, ACSA Atramentov, O Autermann, C Avila, C Ay, C Badaud, F Baden, A Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, P Banerjee, S Barberis, E Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barnes, C Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Berntzon, L Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Binder, M Biscarat, C Black, KM Blackler, I Blazey, G Blekman, F Blessing, S Bloch, D Bloom, K Blumenschein, U Boehnlein, A Boeriu, O Bolton, TA Borissov, G Bos, K Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Buchanan, NJ Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Burdin, S Burke, S Burnett, TH Busato, E Buszello, CP Butler, JM Calfayan, P Calvet, S Cammin, J Caron, S Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Cason, NM Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Charles, F Cheu, E Chevallier, F Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christofek, L Claes, D Clement, B Clement, C Coadou, Y Cooke, M Cooper, WE Coppage, D Corcoran, M Cousinou, MC Cox, B Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M da Motta, H Das, A Das, M Davies, B Davies, G Davis, GA De, K de Jong, P de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Martins, CD Degenhardt, JD Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Demine, P Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Doidge, M Dominguez, A Dong, H Dudko, LV Duflot, L Dugad, SR Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dyer, J Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Edwards, T Ellison, J Elmsheuser, J Elvira, VD Eno, S Ermolov, P Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Fatakia, SN Feligioni, L Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fleck, I Ford, M Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Gallas, E Galyaev, E Garcia, C Garcia-Bellido, A Gardner, J Gavrilov, V Gay, A Gay, P Gele, D Gelhaus, R Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gollub, N Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hadley, NJ Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Hanagaki, K Harder, K Harel, A Harrington, R Hauptman, JM Hauser, R Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinmiller, JM Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoeth, H Hohlfeld, M Hong, SJ Hooper, R Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jarvis, C Jenkins, A Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kafer, D Kahn, S Kajfasz, E Kalinin, AM Kalk, JM Kalk, JR Kappler, S Karmanov, D Kasper, J Kasper, P Katsanos, I Kau, D Kaur, R Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YM Khatidze, D Kim, H Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kopal, M Korablev, VM Kotcher, J Kothari, B Koubarovsky, A Kozelov, AV Kozminski, J Krop, D Kryemadhi, A Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kunori, S Kupco, A Kurca, T Kvita, J Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lazoflores, J Le Bihan, AC Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lehner, F Lesne, V Leveque, J Lewis, P Li, J Li, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Z Lobo, L Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Lounis, A Love, P Lubatti, HJ Lynker, M Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Mattig, P Magass, C Magerkurth, A Magnan, AM Makovec, N Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Mao, HS Maravin, Y Martens, M McCarthy, R Meder, D Melnitchouk, A Mendes, A Mendoza, L Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Michaut, M Miettinen, H Millet, T Mitrevski, J Molina, J Mondal, NK Monk, J Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulders, M Mulhearn, M Mundim, L Mutaf, Y Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Naumann, NA Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Noeding, C Nomerotski, A Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T O'Dell, V O'Neil, DC Obrant, G Oguri, V Oliveira, N Oshima, N Otec, R Otero y Garzon, GJ Owen, M Padley, P Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Perea, PM Perez, E Peters, K Petroff, P Petteni, M Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Pompos, A Pope, BG Popov, AV Potter, C da Silva, WLP Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Rani, KJ Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Reucroft, S 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Stolin, V. Stone, A. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strang, M. A. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Strovink, M. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Sznajder, A. Talby, M. Tamburello, P. Taylor, W. Telford, P. Temple, J. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tomoto, M. Toole, T. Torchiani, I. Towers, S. Trefzger, T. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Turcot, A. S. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Vachon, B. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vartapetian, A. Vasilyev, I. A. Vaupel, M. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Villeneuve-Seguier, F. Vint, P. Vlimant, J. -R. Von Toerne, E. Voutilainen, M. Vreeswijk, M. Wahl, H. D. Wang, L. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, M. Weerts, H. Wermes, N. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Womersley, J. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xuan, N. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yan, M. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, C. Yu, J. Yurkewicz, A. Zatserklyaniy, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zhang, D. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zieminski, A. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. TI Measurement of the ratios of the Z/gamma*+ >= n jet production cross sections to the total inclusive Z/gamma* cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article AB We present a study of events with Z bosons and associated jets produced at the Fermilab Tevatron collider in p p collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV The data sample consists of nearly 14000 Z/gamma* -> e(+)e(-) candidates corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.4 fb(-1) collected with the D circle divide detector. Ratios of the Z/gamma*+ >= n jet cross sections to the total inclusive Z/gamma* cross section have been measured for n = 1-4 jets, and found to be in good agreement with a next-to-leading order QCD calculation and with a tree-level QCD prediction with parton shower simulation and hadronization. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Kryemadhi, A.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Piegaia, R.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Alves, G. A.; Barreto, J.; da Motta, H.; Maciel, A. K. A.; Pol, M. -E.; Rangel, M. S.; Souza, M.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Assis Jesus, A. C. S.; Begalli, M.; Carvalho, W.; De Oliveira Martins, C.; Malbouisson, H. B.; Molina, J.; Mundim, L.; Oguri, V.; Oliveira, N.; Prado da Silva, W. L.] Univ Estado Rio de Janerio, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Gregores, E. M.; Novaes, S. F.] Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, BR-01405 Sao Paulo, Brazil. 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V.; Vertogradov, L. S.; Yatsunenko, Y. A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Evdokimov, A.; Gavrilov, V.; Stolin, V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Dudko, L. V.; Ermolov, P.; Karmanov, D.; Koubarovsky, A.; Leflat, A.; Merkin, M.; Rud, V. I.; Zverev, E. G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Bezzubov, V. A.; Denisov, S. P.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Korablev, V. M.; Kozelov, A. V.; Lipaev, V. V.; Popov, A. V.; Shchukin, A. A.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Vasilyev, I. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Alkhazov, G.; Lobodenko, A.; Neustroev, P.; Obrant, G.; Scheglov, Y.; Uvarov, L.; Uvarov, S.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Asman, B.; Clement, C.; Gollub, N.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.] Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. [Asman, B.; Clement, C.; Gollub, N.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Asman, B.; Clement, C.; Gollub, N.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Bernhard, R.; Lehner, F.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bertram, I.; Biscarat, C.; Borissov, G.; Davies, B.; Doidge, M.; Ratoff, P. N.; Sopczak, A.; Towers, S.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Barnes, C.; Bauer, D.; Beuselinck, R.; Blackler, I.; Blekman, F.; Buszello, C. P.; Davies, G.; Jenkins, A.; Jesik, R.; Jonsson, P.; Lewis, P.; Lobo, L.; Petteni, M.; Robinson, S.; Scanlon, T.; Villeneuve-Seguier, F.; Vint, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Cox, B.; Edwards, T.; Ford, M.; Monk, J.; Owen, M.; Peters, K.; Schwanenberger, C.; Soldner-Rembold, S.; Turcot, A. S.; Wyatt, T. R.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Anderson, S.; Burke, S.; Cheu, E.; Johns, K.; Tamburello, P.; Temple, J.; Varnes, E. W.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Madaras, R. J.; Strovink, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hall, R. E.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Ellison, J.; Gelhaus, R.; Heinson, A. P.; Perea, P. M.; Wimpenny, S. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Blessing, S.; Buchanan, N. J.; Duggan, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Hagopian, S.; Lazoflores, J.; Prosper, H. B.; Sekaric, J.; Sengupta, S.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wahl, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baldin, B.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bellantoni, L.; Bhat, P. C.; Boehnlein, A.; Bross, A.; Burdin, S.; Demarteau, M.; Denisov, D.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Elvira, V. D.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Fisher, W.; Fisk, H. E.; Fu, S.; Fuess, S.; Gallas, E.; Greenlee, H.; Grunendahl, S.; Gutierrez, G.; Hanagaki, K.; Illingworth, R.; Ito, A. S.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Juste, A.; Kasper, P.; Klima, B.; Li, Q. Z.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Lyon, A. L.; Martens, M.; Merritt, K. W.; Mulders, M.; Nomerotski, A.; Oshima, N.; Podstavkov, V. M.; Rubinov, P.; Savage, G.; Shpakov, D.; Sirotenko, V.; Smith, R. P.; Stutte, L.; Tomoto, M.; Verzocchi, M.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Weber, M.; Wobisch, M.; Womersley, J.; Yamada, R.; Yasuda, T.; Zhang, D.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Adams, M.; Gerber, C. E.; Heinmiller, J. M.; Otero y Garzon, G. J.; Shabalina, E.; Stone, A.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Arov, M.; Bagby, L.; Blazey, G.; Chakraborty, D.; Dyshkant, A.; Fortner, M.; Hedin, D.; Lee, W. M.; Lima, J. G. R.; Song, X.; Uzunyan, S.; Zatserklyaniy, A.; Zutshi, V.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Andeen, T.; Anzelc, M. S.; Buchholz, D.; Davis, G. A.; Hays, J.; Schellman, H.; Strom, D.; Yacoob, S.; Youn, S. W.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Evans, H.; Krop, D.; Van Kooten, R.; Zieminska, D.; Zieminski, A.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Boeriu, O.; Cason, N. M.; Galyaev, E.; Goussiou, A.; Hildreth, M. D.; Lynker, M.; Mal, P. K.; Pogorelov, Y.; Ruchti, R.; Shephard, W. D.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Atramentov, O.; Hauptman, J. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bean, A.; Christofek, L.; Coppage, D.; Gardner, J.; Hensel, C.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ahsan, M.; Bandurin, D. V.; Bolton, T. A.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Harder, K.; Maravin, Y.; Shamim, M.; Sidwell, R. A.; Von Toerne, E.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Eno, S.; Hadley, N. J.; Jarvis, C.; Kunori, S.; Sanders, M. P.; Toole, T.; Wang, L.; Wetstein, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Black, K. M.; Butler, J. M.; Cho, D. K.; Das, A.; Fatakia, S. N.; Feligioni, L.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.; Kasper, J.; Khalatyan, N.; Narain, M.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Harrington, R.; Hesketh, G.; Reucroft, S.; Wood, D. R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alton, A.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Degenhardt, J. D.; Magerkurth, A.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J. A.; Brock, R.; Edmunds, D.; Kalk, J. R.; Kozminski, J.; Piper, J.; Schwienhorst, R.; Unalan, R.; Weerts, H.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melnitchouk, A.; Quinn, B.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bellavance, A.; Bloom, K.; Claes, D.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Haley, J.; Schwartzman, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Strang, M. A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Haas, A.; Katsanos, I.; Khatidze, D.; Kothari, B.; Lammers, S.; Mulhearn, M.; Parsons, J.; Tuts, P. M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cammin, J.; Ferbel, T.; Garcia, C.; Harel, A.; Park, S. -J.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Desai, S.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Herner, K.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Mutaf, Yd.; Parua, N.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Yurkewicz, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Patwa, A.; Protopopescu, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, G.; Hall, I.; Jain, S.; Kopal, M.; Severini, H.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Bose, T.; Casey, B. C. K.; Hooper, R.; Landsberg, G.; Partridge, R.; Xie, Y.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; Brown, D.; De, K.; Kim, H.; Li, J.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; Vartapetian, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bargassa, P.; Corcoran, M.; Miettinen, H.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Burnett, T. H.; Gadfort, T.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Das, M.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Kalk, J. M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. RP Buehler, M (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. EM buehler@fnal.gov RI Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Telford, Paul/B-6253-2011; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 658 IS 4 BP 112 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2007.10.046 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 252RF UT WOS:000252463600004 ER PT S AU Osborne, TH Snyder, PB Burrell, KH Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Leonard, AW Moyer, RA Schaffer, MJ West, WP AF Osborne, T. H. Snyder, P. B. Burrell, K. H. Evans, T. E. Fenstermacher, M. E. Leonard, A. W. Moyer, R. A. Schaffer, M. J. West, W. P. BE Takizuka, T TI Edge stability of stationary ELM-suppressed regimes on DIII-D SO 11TH IAEA TECHNICAL MEETING ON H-MODE PHYSICS AND TRANSPORT BARRIERS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAEA Technical Meeting on H-mode Physics and Transport Barriers CY SEP 26-28, 2007 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP Tsukuba Int Congress Ctr, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Univ Tsukuba ID QUIESCENT H-MODE; D TOKAMAK; TRANSPORT BARRIER; LOCALIZED MODES; PLASMAS; INSTABILITIES; PEDESTAL; DENSITY; LIMITS AB We discuss the MHD stability of the H-mode pedestal region in two edge localized mode (ELM)-suppressed H-mode regimes on DIII-D, the quiescent (Q)H-mode and resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) H-mode. The QH-mode is obtained at low density with most of the neutral beam power injected counter to the plasma current, and is characterized by a continuous, low toroidal mode number (n), edge harmonic oscillation (EHO). QH-mode is observed to transition back to ELMing H-mode as the rotational shear is decreased by increasing the co-current neutral beam power fraction or by increasing the plasma to conducting wall distance, consistent with a model for the EHO as a peeling instability with added drive from rotational shear, which saturates through self transport of momentum or damping of rotation through drag of the mode on the conducting wall. In RMP H-mode, an n = 3 coil provides the non-axisymmetric perturbation. Two regimes of RMP ELM suppression are observed. At low collisionality with large resonant field perturbation, the pedestal pressure gradient and current density are reduced below the peeling-ballooning mode stability limit; while at higher collisionality with large non-resonant perturbation there is little change in the pedestal parameters and type II ELMs are enhanced. C1 [Osborne, T. H.; Snyder, P. B.; Burrell, K. H.; Evans, T. E.; Leonard, A. W.; Schaffer, M. J.; West, W. P.] Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Fenstermacher, M. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Moyer, R. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Osborne, TH (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM osborne@fusion.gat.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, W-7405-ENG-48, DE-FG02-04ER54758] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698, W-7405- ENG-48, and DE-FG02-04ER54758. NR 22 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 123 AR 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/123/1/012014 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BIX24 UT WOS:000263553100014 ER PT S AU Abercrombie, RK Sheldon, FT Mili, A AF Abercrombie, Robert K. Sheldon, Frederick T. Mili, Ali BE Li, X Smidts, CS Xu, J TI Synopsis of Evaluating Security Controls Based on Key Performance Indicators and Stakeholder Mission Value SO 11TH IEEE HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium CY DEC 03-05, 2008 CL Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Nanjing Univ, IEEE Reliabil Soc AB Information security continues to evolve in response to disruptive changes with a persistent focus on information-centric controls and a healthy debate about balancing endpoint and network protection, with the goal of improved enterprise and business risk management. Economic uncertainty, intensively collaborative work styles, virtualization, increased outsourcing and ongoing compliance pressures require careful consideration and adaptation of a balanced approach. The Cyberspace Security Econometrics System (CSES) provides a measure of reliability, security and safety of a system that accounts for the criticality of each requirement as a function of one or more stakeholders' interests in that requirement. For a given stakeholder, CSES reflects the variance that may exist among the stakes one attaches to meeting each requirement. This paper summarizes the basis, objectives and capabilities for the CSES including inputs/outputs as well as the structural underpinnings. C1 [Abercrombie, Robert K.; Sheldon, Frederick T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Abercrombie, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM abercrombier@ornl.gov; sheldonft@ornl.gov; mili@cis.njit.edu OI Abercrombie, Robert/0000-0003-0949-4070; Sheldon, Frederick/0000-0003-1241-2750 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2059 BN 978-0-7695-3482-4 J9 IEEE HI ASS SYS ENGR PY 2008 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1109/HASE.2008.61 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV51 UT WOS:000263156000053 ER PT B AU Leggett, S Freedman, R Geballe, T Golimowski, D Lodieu, N Marley, M Pinfield, D Saumon, D Stephens, D Warren, S AF Leggett, S. Freedman, R. Geballe, T. Golimowski, D. Lodieu, N. Marley, M. Pinfield, D. Saumon, D. Stephens, D. Warren, S. BE VanBelle, G TI Properties of the coolest dwarfs SO 14TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Pasadena, CA ID DEEP SKY SURVEY; T-DWARFS; BROWN DWARF; SPACE-TELESCOPE; SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; L/T TRANSITION; PHOTOMETRY; CLOUDS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Eleven years after the discovery of the first T dwarf, a population of ultracool L and T dwarfs has been identified that is large enough to show a range of atmospheric properties. Also, model atmospheres are sufficiently advanced to study these properties in detail. Since the last Cool Stars meeting, several observational developments have aided in these studies. We present recent mid-infrared photometry and spectroscopy from the Spitzer Space Telescope which confirms the prevalence of vertical mixing in the atmospheres of L and T dwarfs. Hence, the 700 K to 2200 K L and T dwarf photospheres require several parameters for successful modelling: effective temperature, gravity, metallicity, grain sedimentation efficiency and vertical mixing efficiency. We also describe initial results of a search for ultracool dwarfs in the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey, and present the latest T dwarf found to date. We conclude with a discussion of the possible spectral indicators of Y dwarfs. C1 [Leggett, S.; Geballe, T.] Gemini N, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Freedman, R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, SETI, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Golimowski, D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Phys & Astr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lodieu, N.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Marley, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Pinfield, D.] Univ Hertfordshire, Inst Sci & Technol, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Saumon, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stephens, D.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Warren, S.] Imperial Coll, Astrophys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Leggett, S (reprint author), Gemini N, 670 N Aohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013 FU Gemini Observatory [GS-2006B-Q-36]; National Science Foundation (United States); PPARC (UK); National Research Council (Canada); CONICYT (Chile); Australian Research Council (Australia); CNPq (Brazil); CONICET (Argentina); NASA through JPL/Caltech; U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36]; NASA Office of Space Sciences FX UKIDSS is made possible by the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT), the University of Cambridge Astronomical Survey Unit and the WFCAM Science Archive at the Royal Observatory Edinburgh. UKIRT is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre for the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC). Based on data obtained by program GS-2006B-Q-36 at Gemini Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), PPARC (UK), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil) and CONICET (Argentina). SL and TG are supported by Gemini Observatory. This work also uses observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support was provided by NASA through an award issued by JPL/Caltech. Support also provided under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory by Contract W-7405-ENG-36. MS and DS acknowledge the support of the NASA Office of Space Sciences. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-331-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 384 BP 98 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHQ83 UT WOS:000255549400011 ER PT B AU Mamajek, EE Navascues, DBY Randich, S Jensen, ELN Young, PA Miglio, A Barnes, SA AF Mamajek, Eric E. Navascues, David Barrado y Randich, Sofia Jensen, Eric L. N. Young, Patrick A. Miglio, Andrea Barnes, Sydney A. BE VanBelle, G TI A splinter session on the thorny problem of stellar ages SO 14TH CAMBRIDGE WORKSHOP ON COOL STARS, STELLAR SYSTEMS, AND THE SUN SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun CY NOV 05-10, 2006 CL Pasadena, CA ID SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS; ALPHA-CENTAURI-AB; LOW-MASS STARS; LITHIUM DEPLETION; FREQUENCIES; PARAMETERS; EVOLUTION; CLUSTER; DWARFS AB Accurate stellar ages remain one of the most poorly constrained, but most desired, astronomical quantities. Here we briefly summarize some recent efforts to improve the stellar age scale from a subset of talks from the "Stellar Ages" splinter session at the 14th Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun. The topics discussed include both the apparent successes and alarming discrepancies in using Li depletion to age-date clusters, sources of uncertainty in ages due to input physics in evolutionary models, and recent results from asteroseismology and gyrochronology. C1 [Mamajek, Eric E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Navascues, David Barrado y] lab Astrofis, Espacial Fis Fundamental, E-28080 Madrid, Spain. [Jensen, Eric L. N.] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, Largo E Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Young, Patrick A.] Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Young, Patrick A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Miglio, Andrea] Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. [Barnes, Sydney A.] Lowell Observ, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Mamajek, EE (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI Barrado Navascues, David/C-1439-2017 OI Barrado Navascues, David/0000-0002-5971-9242 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-331-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2008 VL 384 BP 374 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BHQ83 UT WOS:000255549400040 ER PT S AU Banta, RM Pichugina, YL Kelley, ND Jonkman, B Brewer, WA AF Banta, R. M. Pichugina, Y. L. Kelley, N. D. Jonkman, B. Brewer, W. A. BE Mann, J Bingol, F Courtney, M Jorgensen, HE Lindelow, P Mikkelsen, T Pena, A Sjoholm, M Wagner, R TI Doppler lidar measurements of the Great Plains low-level jet: Applications to wind energy SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOUNDARY LAYER REMOTE SENSING SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; CASES-99 AB The southerly low-level jet (LLJ) of the Great Plains of the United States is a recurrent flow feature of the nighttime boundary layer of the region, which has been identified as a region of high potential for wind energy. The acceleration of the LLJ after sunset produces an enhancement of the wind speed over daytime values, and provides a dependable resource for wind energy. On the negative side, occasional bursts of strong turbulence may be generated that can be of just the right frequency to excite strong oscillatory response in the turbine rotors, thereby accelerating the fatigue of the rotor parts. High resolution Doppler lidar has been used in two studies of the LLJ over the U.S. Great Plains. In this paper we show the usefulness of this remote sensing tool in documenting the mean and turbulent vertical structure, and the evolution of these vertical structures through entire nights. This leads to implications about potential usefulness of Doppler lidar in monitoring mean winds and turbulence in real time to aid in turbine operations. C1 [Banta, R. M.; Pichugina, Y. L.; Brewer, W. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pichugina, Y. L.] Cooperat Inst Res Environ Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelley, N. D.; Jonkman, B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.banta@noaa.gov FU National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement [DOE-AI36-03GO13094]; U.S. Army Research Office; Army Research Laboratory [43711-EV (CASES-99)]; CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX Field data acquisition and much of the analysis for this research were funded by the National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DOE-AI36-03GO13094 (Lamar), and the U.S. Army Research Office (Dr. Walter Bach) of the Army Research Laboratory under Proposal No. 43711-EV (CASES-99) and CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research. Analysis and manuscript preparation were also supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 DI 10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012020 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BHW10 UT WOS:000256952700020 ER PT S AU Pichugina, YL Banta, RM Kelley, ND Brewer, WA Sandberg, SP Machol, JL Jonkman, BJ AF Pichugina, Y. L. Banta, R. M. Kelley, N. D. Brewer, W. A. Sandberg, S. P. Machol, J. L. Jonkman, B. J. BE Mann, J Bingol, F Courtney, M Jorgensen, HE Lindelow, P Mikkelsen, T Pena, A Sjoholm, M Wagner, R TI Remote sensing of the nocturnal boundary layer for Wind Energy applications SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOUNDARY LAYER REMOTE SENSING SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID CASES-99 AB The fine temporal and spatial resolution of Doppler lidar observations has been highly effective in the study of wind and turbulence dynamic in the nocturnal boundary layer during Lamar Low-Level Project in 2003. The High-Resolution Doppler Lidar (HRDL), designed and developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), measures range-resolved profiles of line-of sight (LOS) Doppler velocity and aerosol backscatter with a pulse repetition frequency of 200 Hz, velocity precision about 10 cm s(-1), and a very narrow beam width. The majority of the lidar-measured wind speed and variance profiles were derived using a vertical-scan mode and the application of a vertical binning technique. The profile data were used to calculate quantities important for wind energy applications, including turbulence intensity, wind and directional shear through the layer of the turbine rotor. Profiles of all quantities show a strong variation with height. The mean wind fields, the turbulence, and turbulence intensities show a good agreement with sonic anemometer sodar high confidence (high SNR) measurements. The ability of HRDL to provide continuous information about wind and turbulence conditions at the turbine height and above the range of the tower measurements made HRDL as a powerful instrument for studies of the nighttime boundary layer features. Such information is needed as turbine rotors continue to rise higher into the boundary layer. C1 [Pichugina, Y. L.; Machol, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pichugina, Y. L.; Banta, R. M.; Kelley, N. D.; Brewer, W. A.; Sandberg, S. P.; Machol, J. L.] ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelley, N. D.; Jonkman, B. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Pichugina, YL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Yelena.Pichugina@noaa.gov RI Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016 OI Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DOE-AI36-03GO13094 (Lamar)]; U.S. Army Research Office (Dr.Walter Bach) of the Army Research Laboratory [43711-EV]; CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX Field data acquisition and much of the analysis for this research were funded by the National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DOE-AI36-03GO13094 (Lamar), and the U.S. Army Research Office (Dr.Walter Bach) of the Army Research Laboratory under Proposal No. 43711-EV (CASES-99) and CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research. Analysis and manuscript preparation were also supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. We thank our colleagues Raul Alvarez, Lisa Darby, Joanne George, Jennifer Keane, Janet Machol, Brandi McCarty, Andreas Muschinski, Ron Richter, Scott Sandberg, and Ann Weickmann from ESRL, and the following from NREL: J. Adams, Dave Jager, Mari Shirazi and S. Wilde. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 DI 10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012048 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BHW10 UT WOS:000256952700048 ER PT B AU Sumali, H Epp, DS Torczynski, JR Gallis, MA AF Sumali, Hartono Epp, David S. Torczynski, John R. Gallis, Michael A. GP ASME TI Experimental validation of a squeeze-film damping model based on the direct simulation Monte Carlo method SO 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DESIGN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY/1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS, VOL 3, PART A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB A model for computing the force from a gas film squeezed between parallel plates was recently developed using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo simulations in conjunction with the classical Reynolds equation. This paper compares predictions from that model with experimental data. The experimental validation used an almost rectangular MEMS oscillating plate with piezoelectric base excitation. The velocities of the suspended plate and of the substrate were measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer and a microscope. Experimental modal analysis yielded the damping ratio of twelve test structures for several different gas pressures. Small perforation holes in the plates did not alter the squeeze-film damping substantially. These experimental data suggest that the model predicts squeeze-film damping forces accurately. From this comparison, it is seen that these structures have a tangential-velocity accommodation coefficient close to unity. C1 [Sumali, Hartono; Epp, David S.; Torczynski, John R.; Gallis, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sumali, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1070,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4804-3 PY 2008 BP 719 EP 724 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHL91 UT WOS:000254167700067 ER PT S AU Korecki, JN Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Kegelmeyer, WP AF Korecki, John N. Banfield, Robert E. Hall, Lawrence O. Bowyer, Kevin W. Kegelmeyer, W. Philip GP IEEE TI Semi-Supervised Learning on Large Complex Simulations SO 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-6 SE International Conference on Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2008) CY DEC 08-11, 2008 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB Complex simulations can generate very large amounts of data stored disjointly across many local disks. Learning from this data can be problematic due to the difficulty of obtaining labels for the data. We present an algorithm for the application of semi-supervised learning on disjoint data generated by complex simulations. Our semi-supervised technique shows a statistically significant accuracy improvement over supervised learning using the same underlying learning algorithm and requires less labeled data for comparable results. C1 [Korecki, John N.; Banfield, Robert E.; Hall, Lawrence O.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Bowyer, Kevin W.] Notre Dame Univ, Notre Dame, IN USA. [Kegelmeyer, W. Philip] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Korecki, JN (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM jkorecki@cse.usf.edu; rbanfiel@cse.usf.edu; hall@cse.usf.edu; kwb@cse.nd.edu; wpk@sandia.gov FU Department of Energy through the ASCI CSEE Data Discovery Program [E-AC04-76DO00789]; National Science Foundation [EIA-0130768] FX This research was partially supported by the Department of Energy through the ASCI CSEE Data Discovery Program, Contract number: DE-AC04-76DO00789 and the National Science Foundation under grant EIA- 0130768. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 978-1-4244-2174-9 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2008 BP 2396 EP 2399 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJC36 UT WOS:000264729001105 ER PT S AU Springer, C Kegelmeyer, WP AF Springer, Clayton Kegelmeyer, W. Philip GP IEEE TI Feature Selection via Decision Tree Surrogate Splits SO 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-6 SE International Conference on Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2008) CY DEC 08-11, 2008 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE AB CART's "variable ranking" provides a quick estimate of the importance of an individual feature in a decision tree, and it is based on surrogate splits. We extend this estimate to arbitrary subsets. We have applied our estimate (called "dI") to three datasets. The performance of dI as an importance estimate is very dependent on the underlying performance of the tree used to generate the surrogate splits. C1 [Springer, Clayton; Kegelmeyer, W. Philip] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosyst Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Springer, C (reprint author), Novartis Inst BioMed Res Inc, 100 Technol Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU United States Department of Energy through the Sandia National Laboratories ASCI VIEWS Data Discovery Program [DE-AC0476D000789]; Sandia National Labs LDRD program FX Clayton Springer would like to thank Mathis Thoma for many helpful suggestions. This effort was supported by the United States Department of Energy through the Sandia National Laboratories ASCI VIEWS Data Discovery Program, contract #DE-AC0476D000789. Clayton Springer was supported by the Sandia National Labs LDRD program. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 978-1-4244-2174-9 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2008 BP 3682 EP 3686 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJC36 UT WOS:000264729001421 ER PT S AU Shoemaker, L Banfield, RE Hall, LO Bowyer, KW Kegelmeyer, WP AF Shoemaker, Larry Banfield, Robert E. Hall, Lawrence O. Bowyer, Kevin W. Kegelmeyer, W. Philip GP IEEE TI Detecting and Ordering Salient Regions for Efficient Browsing SO 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-6 SE International Conference on Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2008) CY DEC 08-11, 2008 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE ID SPATIALLY DISJOINT DATA; ENSEMBLES AB We describe an ensemble approach to learning salient regions from data partitioned according to the distributed processing requirements of large-scale simulations. The volume of the data is such that classifiers can train only on data local to a given partition. Classes will likely be missing from some, or even most, partitions. We combine a fast ensemble learning algorithm with scaled probabilistic majority voting in order to learn an accurate classifier from such data. We order predicted regions to increase the likelihood that most of the initial set of presented regions are salient. Results from a simulated casing being dropped show that regions of interest are successfully identified and ordered. This approach is much faster than manually browsing and visualizing terabyte or larger simulations to find regions of interest. C1 [Shoemaker, Larry; Banfield, Robert E.; Hall, Lawrence O.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Bowyer, Kevin W.] Notre Dame Univ, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia. [Kegelmeyer, W. Philip] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Shoemaker, L (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM lwshoema@cse.usf.edu; rbanfiel@cse.usf.edu; hall@cse.usf.edu; kwb@cse.nd.edu; wpk@sandia.gov FU Department of Energy through the ASCI CSEE [DE-AC04-76DO00789]; National Science Foundation [EIA-0130768] FX This research was partially supported by the Department of Energy through the ASCI CSEE Data Discovery Program, Contract number: DE-AC04-76DO00789 and the National Science Foundation under grant EIA-0130768. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 978-1-4244-2174-9 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2008 BP 3711 EP 3714 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJC36 UT WOS:000264729001428 ER PT S AU Brice, S AF Brice, Steve BE Barlow, R TI Neutrino Experiments: Status, Recent Progress, and Prospects SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ ID LSND EXPERIMENT; OSCILLATIONS; SEARCH; RATIO AB Neutrino physics has seen an explosion of activity and new results in the last decade. In this report the current state of the field is summarized, with a particular focus on progress in the last two years. Prospects for the near term (roughly 5 years) are also described. C1 Neutrino Dept, Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Brice, S (reprint author), Neutrino Dept, Fermilab, Mail Stn 309, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM sbrice@fnal.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/1/012008 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400008 ER PT S AU Coleman, J AF Coleman, Jonathon BE Barlow, R TI D-0-(D)over-bar(0) mixing at BABAR SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ ID SEARCH; DECAYS; PARTICLE; D-0 AB This article reviews the recent measurement of D-0-(D) over bar (0) mixing with the D-0 -> K pi decay channel from the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II B-Factory. Averages from the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group btween this result and a previous result from BELLE are also presented. C1 SLAC, Grp B, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Coleman, J (reprint author), SLAC, Grp B, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM coleman@slac.stanford.edu NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 052009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/5/052009 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400132 ER PT S AU Damazio, DO AF Damazio, Denis Oliveira CA ATLAS Liquid Argon Grp BE Barlow, R TI ATLAS LAr Calorimeter: Construction, Integration and Commissioning SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ AB The ATLAS detector is under intense installation and commissioning. The Liquid Argon calorimeters are involved in such effort. It is being exercised with calibration pulses and cosmic signals. This paper reports on the results obtained. C1 [Damazio, Denis Oliveira; ATLAS Liquid Argon Grp] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11955 USA. RP Damazio, DO (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11955 USA. EM damazio@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 092007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/9/092007 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400287 ER PT S AU Hays, C Jayatilaka, B Kotwal, A Nodulman, L Stelzer-Chilton, O Trischuk, W Vollrath, I AF Hays, C. Jayatilaka, B. Kotwal, A. Nodulman, L. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Trischuk, W. Vollrath, I. CA CDF Collaboration BE Barlow, R TI First Measurement of the W Boson Mass with CDF in Run II SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ C1 [Hays, C.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Hays, C.; Jayatilaka, B.; Kotwal, A.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Nodulman, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stelzer-Chilton, O.; Trischuk, W.; Vollrath, I.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Hays, C (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. EM OliverSC@fnal.gov OI Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR UNSP 122019 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/2/122019 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400353 ER PT S AU Lamont, MAC AF Lamont, Matthew A. C. CA STAR Collaboration BE Barlow, R TI Strangeness production as a function of system size and energy at RHIC SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ ID COLLISIONS; STAR AB In this paper we report on strangeness measurements in p+p, Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at different energies in the STAR detector at RHIC. We will focus on two momentum regions in particular: Firstly we look at strangeness enhancement in A+A collisions with respect to p+p. These yields are dominated by low transverse momentum. We compare the enhancements from Au+Au and Cu+Cu data at root(NN)-N-S = 200 GeV with Pb+Pb data at root(NN)-N-S = 17.2 GeV and find that the enhancement does not scale with N-part as expected, but rather scales with N-part(1/3), where N-part represents the number of participants; We then examine Lambda/K-S(0), ratios at intermediate transverse momentum in both Au+Au and Cu+Cu data where we find a greater enhancement in Cu+Cu compared to Au+Au data when we compare integrated ratios between 1.5 < p(T) < 3.5 GeV/c. C1 [Lamont, Matthew A. C.; STAR Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11777 USA. RP Lamont, MAC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11777 USA. EM macl@bnl.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 032011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/3/032011 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400084 ER PT S AU Garzon, GJOY AF Otero y Garzon, Gustavo J. BE Barlow, R TI Top quark Production and Properties at Dempty set SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; PLUS JETS EVENTS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.96 TEV AB The latest results from the Dempty set Collaboration on top quark production and properties in p (p) over bar collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.96 TeV are presented. The measurements were performed using approximately 1 fb(-1) of Dempty set data taken during Run II at the Tevatron. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Garzon, GJOY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM gotero@fnal.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 042020 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/4/042020 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400109 ER PT S AU Tarrade, F AF Tarrade, Fabien CA ATLAS Collaboration BE Barlow, R TI Recent Results from 2004 ATLAS Calorimeter Combined Test Beam. SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BARREL CALORIMETER AB During a combined test beam in summer 2004 a slice of the ATLAS barrel detector (including all detector sub systems from the inner tracker, the calorimetry to the muon system) was exposed to particle beams (electrons, pions, photons and muons) with different energies (1 GeV to 350 GeV). The aim was to study the combined performance of the different detector sub systems in ATLAS-like conditions. We will present the electronics calibration scheme of the electromagnetic calorimeter and its implementation. The following studies on the combined test beam data have been performed and will be presented: performance of the electromagnetic calorimetry down to very low energies (E < 10 GeV). These measurements have been compared to Monte Carlo simulations showing a good agreement to the data. Results for electrons will be presented and compared to MC simulation. C1 [Tarrade, Fabien; ATLAS Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tarrade, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fabien.tarrade@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 092030 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/9/092030 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400310 ER PT S AU Yu, SS AF Yu, Shin-Shan CA CDF Collaboration D0 Collaboration BE Barlow, R TI Search for New Physics with Photons at the Tevatron SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ AB We report on a search for compositeness in ee gamma events and a search for gauge-mediated supersymmetry in gamma gamma E-T events. We also report on two signature-based searches for anomalous production of gamma gamma + X (where X = e, mu, gamma, E-T) and gamma l + X (where X = E-T, l, gamma). The analyses are based on 0.9-1.2 fb(-1) of data from p (p) over tilde collisions at root s = 1.96 TeV collected with the CDF and D0 detectors at the Fermilab Tevatron. No significant excess of data over the predicted background has been observed. C1 [Yu, Shin-Shan; CDF Collaboration; D0 Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, SS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS 318,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM eikoyu@fnal.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 072049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/7/072049 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400256 ER PT S AU Zisman, MS AF Zisman, Michael S. CA ISS Accelerator Working Grp BE Barlow, R TI International scoping study: accelerator working group report SO 2007 EUROPHYSICS CONFERENCE ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, PTS 1-12 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 19-25, 2007 CL Manchester Univ, Manchester, ENGLAND HO Manchester Univ AB During the past several years, an International Scoping Study (ISS) of a Neutrino Factory was carried out, with the aim of developing an internationally accepted baseline facility design. Progress toward that goal will be described. Many of the key technical aspects of a Neutrino Factory facility design are presently being investigated experimentally, and the status of these investigations will be mentioned. Plans for the recently launched International Design Study (IDS), which serves as a follow-on to the ISS, will be briefly described. C1 [Zisman, Michael S.; ISS Accelerator Working Grp] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zisman, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Accelerator & Fus Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mszisman@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2008 VL 110 AR 112006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/110/1/112006 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BBR86 UT WOS:000308008400334 ER PT S AU Bharathan, D Kelly, K AF Bharathan, Desikan Kelly, Kenneth GP IEEE TI An assessment of air cooling for use with automotive power electronics SO 2008 11TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE air cooling; laminar flow; heat transfer; power electronics; micro-channel; heat exchanger AB In this research, we evaluate the potential for air cooling to meet the stringent cooling requirements of advanced automotive power electronics. We assess air cooling of power electronic components using laminar airflow micro-channel heat exchangers. Comparisons are made with ethylene glycol systems commonly used in tandem with engine cooling. Our analysis shows that despite a lower coefficient of performance and higher parasitic losses, air cooling compares quite favorably, offering lower mass, fewer components, and a lower projected cost. Air cooling also has many significant, less obvious advantages such as simpler design and greater reliability. Micro-channel heat exchangers appear to offer the most promise and can be further enhanced by simple design changes, such as reducing passage lengths. Direct air cooling appears to be a viable option for the current generation of silicon-based power switches and will be more attractive for anticipated future electronic components made of materials that operate at higher temperatures. Continuing work includes experimentation and data validation. Recommendations for future research include fabricating and testing air-cooled inverters. A Micro-Channel Performance Estimator program we developed was found to over-project heat flux in comparison to a more detailed computational fluid dynamics model. However, the program provides an initial estimate that can be used as a quick, convenient means of estimating micro-channel heat transfer with a variety of configurations and fluids. C1 [Bharathan, Desikan; Kelly, Kenneth] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bharathan, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-1700-1 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2008 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2008.4544251 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BID58 UT WOS:000258726500007 ER PT S AU Narumanchi, S Mihalic, M Kelly, K Eesley, G AF Narumanchi, Sreekant Mihalic, Mark Kelly, Kenneth Eesley, Gary GP IEEE TI Thermal interface materials for power electronics applications SO 2008 11TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE thermal resistance; steady state; transient; modeling; greases; PCMs; IGBTs; ASTM D5470; laser flash AB In a typical power electronics package, a grease layer forms the interface between the direct bond copper (DBC) layer or a baseplate and the heat sink. This grease layer has the highest thermal resistance of any layer in the package. Reducing the thermal resistance of this thermal interface material (TIM) can help achieve the FreedomCAR program goals of using a glycol water mixture at 105 degrees C or even air cooling. It is desirable to keep the maximum temperature of the conventional silicon die below 125 degrees C, trench insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) below 150 degrees C, and silicon carbide-based devices below 200 degrees C. Using improved thermal interface materials enables the realization of these goals and the dissipation of high heat fluxes. The ability to dissipate high heat fluxes in turn enables a reduction in die size, cost, weight, and volume. This paper describes our progress in characterizing the thermal performance of some conventional and novel thermal interface materials. We acquired, modified, and improved an apparatus based on the ASTM D5470 test method and measured the thermal resistance of various conventional greases. We also measured the performance of select phase-change materials and thermoplastics through the ASTM steady-state and the transient laser flash approaches, and compared the two methodologies. These experimental results for thermal resistance are cast in the context of automotive power electronics cooling. Results from numerical finite element modeling indicate that the thermal resistance of the TIM layer has a dramatic effect on the maximum temperature in the IGBT package. C1 [Narumanchi, Sreekant; Mihalic, Mark; Kelly, Kenneth] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Eesley, Gary] One Corp Ctr, Kokomo, IN 46904 USA. RP Narumanchi, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sreekant_narumanchi@nrel.gov OI Narumanchi, Sreekant/0000-0001-5337-6069 FU Vehicle Technologies Program; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by Susan Rogers, Technology Development Manager for Power Electronics and Electrical Machines, Vehicle Technologies Program, DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The authors would also like to thank Keith Gawlik and the power electronics team at NREL for helpful discussions and interactions. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-1700-1 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2008 BP 395 EP + DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2008.4544297 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BID58 UT WOS:000258726500053 ER PT S AU Mudawar, I Bharathan, D Kelly, K Narumanchi, S AF Mudawar, Issam Bharathan, Desikan Kelly, Kenneth Narumanchi, Sreekant GP IEEE TI Two-phase spray cooling of hybrid vehicle electronics SO 2008 11TH IEEE INTERSOCIETY CONFERENCE ON THERMAL AND THERMOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 SE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems CY MAY 28-31, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP IEEE DE hybrid vehicles; power electronics; electronics cooling; spray cooling; environmental ID CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX AB As part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Power Electronics (APE) program, DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is currently leading a national effort to develop next-generation cooling technologies for hybrid vehicle electronics. Spray cooling has been identified as a potential solution that can dissipate 150200 W/cm(2) while maintaining the chip temperature below 125 degrees C. This study explores the viability and implementation of this cooling scheme. First, commercial coolants arc assessed for their suitability to this application in terms of thermal, environmental, and safety concerns and material compatibility. In this assessment, HFE-7100 is identified as the optimum coolant in all performance categories. Next, spray models are used to determine the HFE-7100 spray conditions that meet such stringent heat dissipation requirements. These findings are verified experimentally, demonstrating that spray cooling is a viable thermal management solution for hybrid vehicle electronics. C1 [Mudawar, Issam] Mudawar Thermal Syst Inc, 1291 Cumberland Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Bharathan, Desikan; Kelly, Kenneth; Narumanchi, Sreekant] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mudawar, I (reprint author), Mudawar Thermal Syst Inc, 1291 Cumberland Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM im@mudawar.com OI Narumanchi, Sreekant/0000-0001-5337-6069 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory Subcontract under the U.S. Department of Energy [YEV-6-55511-01, DEAC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported through National Renewable Energy Laboratory Subcontract YEV-6-55511-01 under the U.S. Department of Energy Contract DEAC36-99GO10337. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1087-9870 BN 978-1-4244-1700-1 J9 INTERSOC C THERMAL T PY 2008 BP 1210 EP + DI 10.1109/ITHERM.2008.4544399 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BID58 UT WOS:000258726500155 ER PT S AU Gezahegne, A Kainath, C AF Gezahegne, Abel Kainath, Chandrika GP IEEE TI TRACKING NON-RIGID STRUCTURES IN COMPUTER SIMULATIONS SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE tracking; non-rigid structures; correspondence problem AB A key challenge in tracking moving objects is the correspondence problem, that is, the correct propagation of object labels from one time step to another. This is especially true when the objects are non-rigid structures, changing shape, and merging and splitting over time. In this work, we describe a general approach to tracking thousands of non-rigid structures in an image sequence. We show how we can minimize memory requirements and generate accurate results while working with only two frames of the sequence at a time. We demonstrate our results using data from computer simulations of a fluid-mix problem. C1 [Gezahegne, Abel; Kainath, Chandrika] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gezahegne, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 1548 EP 1551 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712063 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921400388 ER PT S AU Manay, S Paglieroni, DW AF Manay, Siddharth Paglieroni, David W. GP IEEE TI DETECTING POLYGONS OF VARIABLE DIMENSION IN OVERHEAD IMAGES WITH PARTICLE FILTERS SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE polygon / building detection; particle filter ID TARGET RECOGNITION AB We extend the particle filtering approach to detecting polygonal structures of fixed shape and variable size in overhead images to the more practically useful case of unconstrained side lengths. Our approach deals with multiple candidate sides by validating and clustering particles based on evidence that corners of proper acuteness and orientation (as constrained by the polygon model) might exist. A queue-regulated tracking algorithm that handles multiple candidates across multiple sides is discussed. Compelling detection results in overhead images that involve entire families of polygonal structure are provided. C1 [Manay, Siddharth; Paglieroni, David W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Manay, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM manay2@llnl.gov; paglieronil@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 2372 EP 2375 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712269 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921401110 ER PT S AU Chartrand, R AF Chartrand, Rick GP IEEE TI NONCONVEX COMPRESSIVE SENSING AND RECONSTRUCTION OF GRADIENT-SPARSE IMAGES: RANDOM VS. TOMOGRAPHIC FOURIER SAMPLING SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Image reconstruction; compressive sensing; nonconvex optimization AB Previous compressive sensing papers have considered the example of recovering an image with sparse gradient from a surprisingly small number of samples of its Fourier transform. The samples were taken along radial lines, this being equivalent to a tomographic reconstruction problem. The theory of compressive sensing, however, considers random sampling instead. We perform numerical experiments to compare the two approaches, in terms of the number of samples necessary for exact recovery, algorithmic performance, and robustness to noise. We use a nonconvex approach, this having previously been shown to allow reconstruction with fewer measurements and greater robustness to noise, as confirmed by our results here. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chartrand, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rickc@lanl.gov OI Chartrand, Rick/0000-0003-3256-2238 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 2624 EP 2627 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712332 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921401173 ER PT S AU Paquit, VC Price, JR Meriaudeau, F Tobin, KW AF Paquit, Vincent C. Price, Jeffery R. Meriaudeau, Fabrice Tobin, Kenneth W. GP IEEE TI IMPROVING LIGHT PROPAGATION MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS WITH ACCURATE 3D MODELING OF SKIN TISSUE SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE Monte Carlo simulation; 3D modeling; Near-Infrared imaging; Active optical triangulation AB In this paper, we present a 3D light propagation model to simulate multispectral reflectance images of large skin surface areas. In particular, we aim to simulate more accurately the effects of various physiological properties of the skin in the case of subcutaneous vein imaging compared to existing models. Our method combines a Monte Carlo light propagation model, a realistic three-dimensional model of the skin using parametric surfaces and a vision system for data acquisition. We describe our model in detail, present results from the Monte Carlo modeling and compare our results with those obtained with a well established Monte Carlo model and with real skin reflectance images. C1 [Paquit, Vincent C.; Price, Jeffery R.; Tobin, Kenneth W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Meriaudeau, Fabrice] Univ Burgundy, Le2i, F-71200 Dijon, France. RP Paquit, VC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013 OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 2976 EP 2979 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712420 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921401261 ER PT S AU Yan, GH Chen, SQ Eidenbenz, S AF Yan, Guanhua Chen, Songqing Eidenbenz, Stephan GP IEEE TI Dynamic balancing of packet filtering workloads on distributed firewalls SO 2008 16TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUALITY OF SERVICE, PROCEEDINGS SE International Workshop on Quality of Service LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS 2008) CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Univ Twente, Enschede, NETHERLANDS SP Netherlands Org Sci Res, Univ Twente, Ctr Telemat & Informat Technol, IEEE Commun Soc HO Univ Twente AB Firewalls are widely deployed nowadays to enforce security policies of enterprise networks. While having played crucial roles in securing these networks, firewalls themselves are subject to performance limitations. An overloaded firewall can cause severe damage to the protected enterprise network, because any legitimate communication through it is either degraded or even completely severed. In this paper, we address how to dynamically balance packet filtering workloads on distributed firewalls efficiently in large enterprise networks. We model dynamic load balancing on distributed firewalls as a minimax optimization problem, and show that it is strongly NP-complete even if we eliminate all precedence relationships among policy rules by rule rewriting. Accordingly, we propose a light-weight rule distribution scheme that quickly balances workloads among all firewalls. Our scheme is adaptive to incoming traffic. Moreover, dynamically placing and ordering policy rules on distributed firewalls reduces the probability that attackers successfully infer the rule distribution. Experimental results show that using a commodity PC, our approach can reduce the peak firewall workload in distributed firewall systems by 40% within less than five minutes, compared against alternative solutions that only optimize rule ordering on individual firewalls. C1 [Yan, Guanhua; Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Songqing] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Yan, GH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ghyan@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov; sqchen@cs.gmu.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-615X BN 978-1-4244-2084-1 J9 INT WORKSH QUAL SERV PY 2008 BP 229 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIC38 UT WOS:000258372200025 ER PT S AU Buncick, MC Ashley, PR Scalora, M Akozbek, N Vincenti, MA Centini, M Fowlkes, JD Ivanov, IN AF Buncick, Milan C. Ashley, Paul R. Scalora, M. Akozbek, Neset Vincenti, Maria Antonietta Centini, Marco Fowlkes, Jason D. Ivanov, Ilia N. GP IEEE TI Investigation of the interaction of surface plasmons (SP) with an electro optic polymer and development of SP optical devices SO 2008 17TH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICRO-NANO SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE University Government Industry Micro-Nano Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro-Nano Symposium CY JUL 13-16, 2008 CL Louisville, KY SP JST Mfg Inc, Signatone, KY EPSCoR, Wright Brothers Inc, Univ Louisville, Angstrom Sci, VWR DE surface plasmons; plasmonics; photonics; nanophotonics; nonlinear optics ID NEGATIVE REFRACTION; SUBWAVELENGTH AB We are designing and fabricating arrays of subwavelength SP structures in metal films and combining these structures with EO polymers to understand the interaction of the EO polymer with the enhanced electric fields of the plasmons. We have designed and modeled resonance structures to maximize extraordinary transmittance. We are making a systematic study of SP structure shapes by studying circular holes, elliptical holes and slits. Initially we have fabricated and begun optical evaluation of subwavelength slits in gold films. Slits with 32 nm width and 120nm width have been fabricated by a focused ion beam system. Preliminary optical transmittance measurements in the visible and NIR are underway and will be compared to theoretical modeling. C1 [Buncick, Milan C.] AEgis Technol Grp, 631 Discovery Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Vincenti, Maria Antonietta; Centini, Marco] Univ Rome La, Dipartimento Energetica, Rome, Italy. [Fowlkes, Jason D.; Ivanov, Ilia N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Materials Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ashley, Paul R.; Scalora, M.; Akozbek, Neset] RDECOM, AMSRD AMR WS ST, Charles M Bowden Res Ctr, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898 USA. RP Buncick, MC (reprint author), AEgis Technol Grp, 631 Discovery Dr, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. OI CENTINI, MARCO/0000-0003-0625-0054; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502 FU National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energ FX A portion of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energ NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 978-1-4244-2484-9 J9 U GOV IND MICRO NANO PY 2008 BP 128 EP + DI 10.1109/UGIM.2008.41 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIK30 UT WOS:000260372400034 ER PT S AU Shlyk, LV Kryukov, SA De Long, LE Schupp-Niewa, B Niewa, R Lynn, JW Huang, Q Arenholz, E Piamonteze, C AF Shlyk, L. V. Kryukov, S. A. De Long, L. E. Schuepp-Niewa, B. Niewa, R. Lynn, J. W. Huang, Qing Arenholz, E. Piamonteze, C. GP IEEE TI A Novel Class of High-T-C Ferromagnetic Semiconductors Novel Ferromagnetic Semiconductors SO 2008 17TH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICRO-NANO SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE University Government Industry Micro-Nano Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro-Nano Symposium CY JUL 13-16, 2008 CL Louisville, KY SP JST Mfg Inc, Signatone, KY EPSCoR, Wright Brothers Inc, Univ Louisville, Angstrom Sci, VWR DE Spintronics; ferromagnetic semiconductors; ruthenates; mechanisms of ferromagnetism; R-Type ferrites ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SPINTRONICS; FERRITES; ORIGIN; FE AB We have grown single crystals of novel ruthenates (Sr,Ba)(Fe,Co)(2+x)RU4-xO11 that exhibit long-range ferromagnetic order well above room temperature, accompanied by narrow-gap semiconducting properties that include a large anomalous Hall conductance, low resistivity, high carrier concentration and low coercive field, which are properties well suited to spintronic applications. X-ray diffraction, EDX, neutron diffraction and x-ray absorption measurements on single crystals firmly establish the "R-Type" hexagonal ferrite structure (space group P6(3)/mmc, No 194) and single-phase nature of all samples. The electronic structure and physical properties can be tuned by simple chemical substitution of two elements, M = Fe or Co, or by varying the relative concentration of 3d solutes and 4d Ru. Our magnetotransport, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic moment data suggest the mechanism for FM order is quite different from that governing known dilute magnetic semiconductors. C1 [Shlyk, L. V.; Kryukov, S. A.; De Long, L. E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Schuepp-Niewa, B.; Niewa, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Munich, Germany. [Lynn, J. W.; Huang, Qing] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Arenholz, E.; Piamonteze, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Shlyk, LV (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RI Piamonteze, Cinthia/E-9740-2016 FU U.S. DoE [DE-FG02-97ER45653]; T.U. Munchen; NIST; LBNL FX Research at U. Kentucky supported by U.S. DoE Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER45653; research at T.U. Munchen supported by; research at NIST supported by; research at LBNL supported by U.s. DoE Contract No. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 978-1-4244-2484-9 J9 U GOV IND MICRO NANO PY 2008 BP 142 EP + DI 10.1109/UGIM.2008.45 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIK30 UT WOS:000260372400038 ER PT S AU Seal, K Bintachitt, P Jesse, S Morozovska, A Baddorf, AP Trolier-McKinstry, S Kalinin, SV AF Seal, K. Bintachitt, P. Jesse, S. Morozovska, A. Baddorf, A. P. Trolier-McKinstry, S. Kalinin, S. V. GP IEEE TI Local Polarization Dynamics in Chemical Solution Deposited PZT Capacitors by Switching Spectroscopy PFM SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB The local polarization dynamics in chemical solution deposited PZT thin film capacitors were studied using spatially resolved spectroscopic measurements. 2D maps of switchable polarization as a function of bias window allow the voltage-dependence and spatial distribution of regions with reversible and irreversible wall motion to be mapped. Extension of the measurements to mapping the disorder potential controlling domain wall pinning enabling development of a spatially resolved Preisach model is discussed. C1 [Seal, K.; Jesse, S.; Baddorf, A. P.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bintachitt, P.; Jesse, S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morozovska, A.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Seal, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 FU Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (KS, ABP, and SVK); CNMS user proposal [CNMS2006-020]; Center for Dielectric Studies (CDS); Royal Thai Government scholarshoip (PB) FX The research is supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (KS, ABP, and SVK) and in part by CNMS user proposal CNMS2006-020 (PB and STM). Funding for work at Penn State was supplied by the Center for Dielectric Studies (CDS) and a Royal Thai Government scholarshoip (PB). NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 65 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000021 ER PT S AU Chisholm, MF Lee, HN van Benthem, K AF Chisholm, M. F. Lee, H. N. van Benthem, K. GP IEEE TI Atomic scale investigations of ferroelectricity in perovskite thin films SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID SUPERLATTICES C1 [Chisholm, M. F.; Lee, H. N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [van Benthem, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chisholm, MF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012 OI Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 100 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000034 ER PT S AU MacManus-Driscoll, JL Fouchet, A Zerrer, P Yu, R Wang, H Yang, H Yoon, J Jia, QX AF MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. Fouchet, A. Zerrer, P. Yu, R. Wang, H. Yang, H. Yoon, J. Jia, Q. X. GP IEEE TI Spontaneous Ordering, Strain Control and Mutlifunctionality in Vertical Nanocomposite Heteroepitaxial Films SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB Two-phase nanocomposite heteroepitaxial films with vertical microstructures hold great promise for various (multi)functional (e.g. multiferroic) electronic device applications. With the aim of creating addressable arrays, it is necesary to form spontaneously ordered structures over large areas. However, such structures have not, so far, been demonstrated. We have recently shown remarkable spontaneously ordered phase assemblies and find that these structures form concomitantly with two-dimensional vertical strain control, i.e. strain in the two phases is controlled along the vertical interface between them rather than being influenced by the substrate [1]. In this extended abstract we report briefly on our findings. C1 [MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.; Fouchet, A.; Zerrer, P.; Yu, R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Wang, H.; Yoon, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yang, H.; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacManus-Driscoll, JL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. FU European Commission [MEXT-CT- 2004-014156]; U.K Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project; United States Department of Energy FX The work was supported by the European Commission (Marie Curie Excellence Grant NanoFen, MEXT-CT- 2004-014156), the U.K Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project under the United States Department of Energy. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 109 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000037 ER PT S AU Nozik, AJ AF Nozik, A. J. GP IEEE TI Multiple Exciton Generation in Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Novel Molecules: Applications to Third Generation Solar Photon Conversion SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE C1 Ctr Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Basic Sci, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 159 EP 160 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000055 ER PT S AU Perkins, JD Berry, JJ van Hest, MFAM Cavendor, AN Leenheer, AJ O'Hayre, RP Ginley, DS AF Perkins, J. D. Berry, J. J. van Hest, M. F. A. M. Cavendor, A. N. Leenheer, A. J. O'Hayre, R. P. Ginley, D. S. GP IEEE TI Transparent Conducting Oxide Development for Electronics Applications SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB We have employed both combinatorial composition spread and conventional single composition approaches to determine the relative roles of metals and oxygen stoichiometries on the opto-electronic proper-ties of amorphous In-Zn-O (a-IZO) thin film transparent conductors. Two major results were found. First, that the optimization of conductivity in a-IZO is a coupled process with the best metals composition depending upon the oxygen content of the sputter gas. Second, that the electron mobility as a function of carrier concentration is given by a common curve for all a-IZO films independent of the metals composition. C1 [Perkins, J. D.; Berry, J. J.; van Hest, M. F. A. M.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Cavendor, A. N.; Leenheer, A. J.; O'Hayre, R. P.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 90401 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI O'Hayre, Ryan/A-8183-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99G010337]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-99G010337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 162 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000056 ER PT S AU Auciello, O Sumant, AV Hiller, J Kabius, B Ma, Z Srinivasan, S AF Auciello, O. Sumant, A. V. Hiller, J. Kabius, B. Ma, Z. Srinivasan, S. GP IEEE TI Science and Technology of Piezoelectric/Diamond Heterostructures for Monolithically Integrated High Performance MEMS/NEMS/CMOS Devices SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND AB This paper describes the fundamental and applied science performed to integrate piezoelectric PbZrxTi1-xO3 and AlN films with a novel mechanically robust ultranano crystalline diamond layer to enable a new generation of low voltage / high-performance piezoactuated hybrid piezoelectric/diamond MEMS/NEMS devices. C1 [Auciello, O.; Srinivasan, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Auciello, O.; Sumant, A. V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hiller, J.; Kabius, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Electron Microscopy, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ma, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008 FU US Department of Energy; BES-Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DARPA [MIPR 06-W238] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, BES-Materials Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and by DARPA under contract MIPR 06-W238. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 241 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000087 ER PT S AU Talin, AA Wang, GT Lai, E Anderson, RJ AF Talin, A. Alec Wang, George T. Lai, Elaine Anderson, Richard J. GP IEEE TI The Dependence of Optical and Electrical Properties of GaN Nanowires on the Growth Temperature SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB The optical and electrical transport of GaN nanowires grown by metal catalyzed metal organic chemical vapor deposition was investigated as a function of substrate temperature during growth. As the growth temperature increased from 800 degrees C to 900 degrees C the electrical conduction mechanism changed from space charge limited to ohmic transport, the nanowire resistivity dropped from similar to 10(7) ohm-cm to similar to 10(-3) ohm-cm, and the band edge luminescence increased by more than two orders of magnitude. A strong correlation between the resistivity and the fraction of band edge luminescence for individual nanowires was observed. C1 [Talin, A. Alec; Lai, Elaine; Anderson, Richard J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Center Integrated Nanotechnol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wang, George T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 340 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000121 ER PT S AU Shelton, CT Dandeneau, C Matias, V Gibbons, BJ AF Shelton, C. T. Dandeneau, C. Matias, V. Gibbons, B. J. GP IEEE TI Epitaxial Piezoelectric Thin Films on Flexible Substrates SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB It is well known that the piezoelectric properties of a thin film can be influenced by crystallographic texture. At the extreme case, epitaxial thin films can be deposited on single crystal substrates (with appropriate lattice matching) to effectively achieve a single crystal thin film. Here, the maximum advantage of orientation dependence is found. Typically this has required small, expensive single crystalline substrates. In the past 10 years however, the technique of Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) has been developed for applying a biaxial textured template to an arbitrary smooth surface. That is, biaxially textured MgO (similar to 10 nm thick) can be deposited on a flexible, polycrystalline or amorphous substrate. This has opened up a new realm of materials integration possibilities, with the prime example being high-temperature superconducting wires. Here, the same template is utilized for deposition of epitaxial piezoelectric thin films onto flexible substrates. C1 [Shelton, C. T.; Dandeneau, C.; Gibbons, B. J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Matias, V.] Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shelton, CT (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Mat Sci Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 356 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000127 ER PT S AU Burns, GR Winter, MR DiAntonio, CB Rodriguez, MA Yang, P Chavez, TP Blea, AL AF Burns, G. R. Winter, M. R. DiAntonio, C. B. Rodriguez, M. A. Yang, P. Chavez, T. P. Blea, A. L. GP IEEE TI Characterization of the Electro-Mechanical Behavior of Zirconia-Rich PZT Ceramics SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary have been the backbone materials for piezoelectric applications for more than 50 years. The electro-mechanical responses for these materials have been well studied. In this study, we investigated the electro-mechanical behavior of two zirconia-rich PZT compositions, with and without tin (Sn) modification. These materials, close to the antiferroelectric phase region, have been used for power supply and actuator applications due to their unique ferroelectric(FE)-antiferroelectric(AFE) phase transformation behavior. However, limited information is available characterizing their electromechanical responses, especially outside of room temperature. In this work, we present the electromechanical properties of these compositions as a function of temperature. Special attention has been placed on the electromechanical responses near the FE-FE phase transformation. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energg's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. C1 [Burns, G. R.; Winter, M. R.; DiAntonio, C. B.; Rodriguez, M. A.; Yang, P.; Chavez, T. P.; Blea, A. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Burns, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 360 EP 361 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000129 ER PT S AU Chavez, T DiAntonio, CB Winter, M Rodriguez, M Yang, P Burns, G Blea, A AF Chavez, T. DiAntonio, C. B. Winter, M. Rodriguez, M. Yang, P. Burns, G. Blea, A. GP IEEE TI Ceramic Processing of Template-Induced Microstructure Textured Ceramics PI008 SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB The target of this work is to develop an advanced manufacturing process that results in a bulk polycrystalline electroceramic component through a texture induced forming method. The technique produces a bulk ceramic component that exhibits enhanced macroscopic properties when compared to a traditional electroceramic material that has electrically induced ferroelectric texture or crystallographic texture. Templated texturing can involve the "laying down" of seed crystals with planar morphology to induce preferential grain growth within a pre-designed orientation of the bulk ceramic. Through well-controlled slurry processing of ceramic powders and the addition of templated crystals it is possible to induce this preferential grain orientation for sintered ceramics. This work will present the results of a comparison between three separate advanced ceramic forming techniques; tape casting, thick film screen printing, and extrusion, examining the degree of microstructure texture developed by these methods. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. C1 [Chavez, T.; DiAntonio, C. B.; Winter, M.; Rodriguez, M.; Yang, P.; Burns, G.; Blea, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Chavez, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 367 EP 368 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000132 ER PT S AU DiAntonio, CB Winter, M Rodriguez, M Yang, P Burns, G Chavez, T Blea, A AF DiAntonio, C. B. Winter, M. Rodriguez, M. Yang, P. Burns, G. Chavez, T. Blea, A. GP IEEE TI Textured Processing, Reactive Templated Grain Growth, and Electrical Property Relationships for Sodium Bismuth Titanate PI015 SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB The investigation of lead-free piezoelectric ceramic compositions has recently gained an increased level of interest due to the efforts to reduce lead based components. The most widely used piezoelectric/ferroelectric ceramic material today, including specialized ceramics for military applications (ex. sonar), consists of PbTiO(3)-PbZrO(3) (i.e. PZT-system). It has become imperative to integrate a processing strategy with a lead-free ferroelectric material capable of competing with or surpassing the properties of lead-based compositions. This work examines the development of optimal processing parameters through texturing and reactive templated grain growth to selectively engineer a polycrystalline ceramic microstructure. It presents how these parameters can affect the electro-mechanical properties for a sodium bismuth titanate based composition. The final properties for all ceramic materials are highly influenced by the processing steps and forming techniques used to construct the bulk ceramic component. Texturally modified ceramic compositions have recently exhibited enhanced properties that, depending on the system, match and even surpass those of an optimum modified lead-based composition. In this work we report on the development and use of a texture induced forming process combined with reactive templated grain growth to produce grain-oriented polycrystalline bulk ceramics. Thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction characterization, microstructure stereology and the dielectric and electromechanical performance will be presented. A processing space has been characterized and mapped in order to drive towards achieving maximized electrical performance for this lead-free system. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. C1 [DiAntonio, C. B.; Winter, M.; Rodriguez, M.; Yang, P.; Burns, G.; Chavez, T.; Blea, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP DiAntonio, CB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 381 EP 382 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000136 ER PT S AU Winter, MR DiAntonio, CB Bell, N Rodriguez, M Samara, G Yang, P Burns, G Chavez, T Blea, A AF Winter, M. R. DiAntonio, C. B. Bell, N. Rodriguez, M. Samara, G. Yang, P. Burns, G. Chavez, T. Blea, A. GP IEEE TI PI017-Thick Film Texturing to Enhance the Properties of Lead-Free Ferroelectric Materials SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID TEMPLATED GRAIN-GROWTH; ORIENTATION; CERAMICS AB Increasing concern surrounding the use of lead in consumer products has stimulated research to identify candidates to replace lead-based materials used in many commercial applications. To be integrated into commercial products; however, a lead-free replacement must be fabricated using common industrial techniques while maintaining dielectric properties equivalent to the current lead-based systems. Texturing has been shown to dramatically enhance the dielectric properties of lead-free materials such that several potential systems are now being considered as replacements for the current lead-based materials. In this work, a large degree of texturing has been introduced to bismuth titanium oxide bulk samples through the process of screen printing large, plate-like seeds in a matrix of equi-axial powder. The degree of texturing achieved gives rise to a high probability of excellent dielectric properties, making textured bismuth titanate a viable replacement for commercial lead-based dielectrics. C1 [Winter, M. R.; DiAntonio, C. B.; Bell, N.; Rodriguez, M.; Samara, G.; Yang, P.; Burns, G.; Chavez, T.; Blea, A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Winter, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 384 EP 386 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000137 ER PT S AU Jain, M Karan, NK Yoon, J Wang, H Katiyar, RS Jia, QX AF Jain, M. Karan, N. K. Yoon, J. Wang, H. Katiyar, R. S. Jia, Q. X. GP IEEE TI Tunable Dielectric Properties of Lead Strontium Titanate Thin Films by Sol-Gel Technique SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB For the applications in tunable microwave devices, thin films of a potential candidate material, PbxSr1-xTiO3 (with x=0.3), were studied. To study dielectric proeprties in coplanar and metal-insulator-metal configuration, the PbxSr1-xTiO3 films were deposited on single crystalline LaAlO3 and conductive LaNiO3 coated LaAlO3 substrates using sol-gel technique. The film on LaAlO3 was highly c-axis oriented and epitaxial. At room temperature, dielectric tunability values as high as 18% (at 20kV/cm) and 70% (at 225kV/cm) were achieved for the Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 film on LaAlO3 and LaNiO3/LaAlO3, respectively. C1 [Jain, M.; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Karan, N. K.; Katiyar, R. S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Yoon, J.; Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jain, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Laboratory Directed Research; Development Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the United States Department of Energy; [NAGT-40091]; [NCC3-1034] FX This work was supported in parts as a Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the United States Department of Energy. The work was also supported in parts by NAGT-40091 and NCC3-1034 grants. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 435 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000158 ER PT S AU Sigman, J Clem, PG Brennecka, GL Tuttle, BA AF Sigman, Jennifer Clem, Paul G. Brennecka, Geoff L. Tuttle, Bruce A. GP IEEE TI Fabrication of (Ba,Sr)TiO(3) High-Value Integrated Capacitors by Chemical Solution Deposition SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID THIN-FILMS AB This report focuses on our recent advances in the fabrication and processing of barium strontium titanate (BST) thin films by chemical solution depositiion for next generation fuctional integrated capacitors. Projected trends for capacitors include increasing capacitance density, decreasing operating voltages, decreasing dielectric thickness and decreased process cost. Key to all these trends is the strong correlation of film phase evolution and resulting microstructure, it becomes possible to tailor the microstructure for specific applications. This interplay will be discussed in relation to the resulting temperature dependent dielectric response of the BST films. C1 [Sigman, Jennifer; Clem, Paul G.; Brennecka, Geoff L.; Tuttle, Bruce A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Sigman, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RI Brennecka, Geoff/J-9367-2012 OI Brennecka, Geoff/0000-0002-4476-7655 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000168 ER PT S AU Ma, B Kwon, DK Narayanan, M Balachandran, U AF Ma, B. Kwon, D. K. Narayanan, M. Balachandran, U. GP IEEE TI Development of PLZT Films on Base-Metal Foils by Chemical Solution Deposition SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID TITANATE THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; CAPACITORS; CERAMICS AB Thin films of Pb(0.92)La(0.08)Zr(0.52)Ti(0.48)O(3) were deposited on Ni foils by chemical solution deposition to form film-on-foil capacitors with high dielectric constant. These capacitors can be embedded into printed wire boards. We measured dielectric constants of 1300 (at 25 degrees C) and 1800 (at 150 degrees C), as well as leakage current densities approximate to 6.6 x 10(-9) (at 25 degrees C) and 1.4 x 10(-8) A/cm(2) (at 150 degrees C), breakdown field strength >1.4 MV/cm, and energy density of 16.5 J/cm(3) C1 [Ma, B.; Kwon, D. K.; Narayanan, M.; Balachandran, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Narayanan, Manoj/A-4622-2011; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 487 EP 488 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000176 ER PT S AU Brennecka, GL Parish, CM Tuttle, BA Rodriguez, MA Brewer, LN Wheeler, JS AF Brennecka, G. L. Parish, C. M. Tuttle, B. A. Rodriguez, M. A. Brewer, L. N. Wheeler, J. S. GP IEEE TI TF026 SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; ULTRATHIN-FILM CAPACITORS; BARIUM-TITANATE; THIN AB Layer thicknesses which are achievable using, powder-based fabrication techniques such as tape casting continue to improve, but are still significant portions of a micron. We have developed an alternative approach to the fabrication of multilayer capacitors that is based upon chemical solution deposition and which has enabled us to decrease dielectric layer thicknesses to as thin as 20 nm in a 10-layer structure. For layers thinner than similar to 100 nm, phase development and interactions between the dielectric layers and Pt electrodes become increasingly problematic, but we have found that exploiting the reversibility of the perovskite-fluorite phase transition is helpful in achieving ultrathin films with excellent electrical properties. Quantitative SIMS and TEM investigations of Pt-Pb interactions have also offered further insight into the critical electrode-dielectric interface. Under optimized processing conditions, electrical properties such as capacitance, leakage current, and temperature characteristics of ultrathin multilayer capacitors vary directly with the number of layers, indicating consistency of film quality with increased layers. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. C1 [Brennecka, G. L.; Tuttle, B. A.; Wheeler, J. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Elect & Nanostructured Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Parish, C. M.; Rodriguez, M. A.; Brewer, L. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brennecka, GL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Elect & Nanostructured Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Parish, Chad/J-8381-2013; Brennecka, Geoff/J-9367-2012 OI Brennecka, Geoff/0000-0002-4476-7655 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 489 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000177 ER PT S AU Jain, M Karan, NK Yoon, J Wang, H Katiyar, RS Jia, QX AF Jain, M. Karan, N. K. Yoon, J. Wang, H. Katiyar, R. S. Jia, Q. X. GP IEEE TI Tunable Dielectric Properties of Lead Strontium Titanate Thin Films by Sol-Gel Technique SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB For the applications in tunable microwave devices, thin films of a potential candidate material, PbxSr1-xTiO3 (with x=0.3), were studied. To study dielectric proeprties in coplanar and metal-insulator-metal configuration, the PbxSr1-xTiO3 films were deposited on single crystalline LaAlO3 and conductive LaNiO3 coated LaAlO3 substrates using sol-gel technique The film on LaAlO3 was highly c-axis oriented and epitaxial. At room temperature, dielectric tunability values as high as 18% (at 20kV/cm) and 70% (at 225kV/cm) were achieved for the Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 film on LaAlO3 and LaNiO3/LaAlO3, respectively. C1 [Jain, M.; Jia, Q. X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Karan, N. K.; Katiyar, R. S.] Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Yoon, J.; Wang, H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Jain, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the United States Department of Energy [NAGT-40091, NCC3-1034] FX This work was supported in parts as a Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the United States Department of Energy. The work was also supported in parts by NAGT-40091 and NCC3-1034 grants. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 496 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000179 ER PT B AU Cloutier, R Griego, R AF Cloutier, Robert Griego, Regina GP IEEE TI Applying object oriented systems engineering to complex systems SO 2008 2ND ANNUAL IEEE SYSTEMS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual IEEE Systems Conference CY APR 07-10, 2008 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE DE OOSE; concept development; system architecture; SysML AB Analyzing systems using functional analysis has been the mainstream for Systems Engineering for five decades. With the advent of object oriented software methods and the Object Management Group's (OMG) Unified Modeling Language(TM) (UML), a number of Systems Engineers working on software intensive systems began to apply Use Cases and Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methods to large scale, complex systems. While the use of these OO methods is still controversial within the systems engineering community, many systems engineers that apply OO methods effectively have used functional analysis and understand the strengths of both methods. FireSAT is a well known fictitious system of systems space mission to provide a space based approach to wildfire detection, monitor and control. This paper will explore the use of OOAD methods to FireSAT for problem definition; concept development, and system architecture development Using the OMGs recently adopted System Modeling Language(TM) (SysML) and more traditional Systems engineering modeling techniques, this paper will compare and contrast some of the differences between OO and functional methods, showing diagrams from each approach. C1 [Cloutier, Robert] Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Griego, Regina] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cloutier, R (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Sch Syst & Enterprises, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM robert.cloutier@stevens.edu; griegor@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2149-7 PY 2008 BP 409 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHW80 UT WOS:000257097600062 ER PT S AU Paquit, VC Meriaudeau, F Price, JR Tobin, KW AF Paquit, Vincent C. Meriaudeau, Fabrice Price, Jeffery R. Tobin, Kenneth W. GP IEEE TI Simulation of skin reflectance images using 3D tissue modeling and multispectral Monte Carlo light propagation SO 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP DEVICIX, Green Coll, Natl Inst Hlth, NIBIB, NSF, PLEXON Inc, UBC Engn Biomed Engn, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Bentham Sci Publ Ltd, Recent Patents Biomed Engn, Recent Patents Engn DE Monte Carlo simulation; 3D modeling; structured light ranging; Near-Infrared venous imaging ID CONTRAST AB In this work we propose a method to simulate the expected, i.e. seen by a camera, multispectral reflectance images of a large skin surface area by combining Monte Carlo light propagation model and realistic tissue modeling based on three dimensional data acquisition of human body areas. In particular, we aim to simulate more accurately light transport in biological tissue by taking into account the geometrical topography of the skin surface, the structure and optical properties of the skin layers, and the subcutaneous veins in presence. We describe our computation method in detail and present simulated reflectance images results. C1 [Paquit, Vincent C.; Meriaudeau, Fabrice] Univ Burgundy, Le2i Lab, Le Creusot, France. [Price, Jeffery R.; Tobin, Kenneth W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paquit, VC (reprint author), Univ Burgundy, Le2i Lab, Le Creusot, France. EM paquitvc@ornl.gov RI Paquit, Vincent/K-9541-2013 OI Paquit, Vincent/0000-0003-0331-2598 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-1814-5 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2008 BP 447 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4649186 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIS22 UT WOS:000262404500113 ER PT S AU May, E Leitao, A Faulon, JL Joo, J Misra, M Oprea, TI AF May, Elebeoba Leitao, Andrei Faulon, Jean-Loup Joo, Jaewook Misra, Milind Oprea, Tudor I. GP IEEE TI Understanding Virulence Mechanisms in M. tuberculosis Infection via A Circuit-Based Simulation Framework SO 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP DEVICIX, Green Coll, Natl Inst Hlth, NIBIB, NSF, PLEXON Inc, UBC Engn Biomed Engn, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Bentham Sci Publ Ltd, Recent Patents Biomed Engn, Recent Patents Engn DE Systems biology; BioXyce; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Systems chemical biology (SCB) ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SYSTEMS; BIOLOGY AB Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium, tuberculosis (Mtb), is a growing international health crisis. Mtb is able to persist in host tissues in a non-replicating persistent (NRP) or Intent state. This presents a challenge in the treatment of TB. Latent TB can re-activate in 10% of individuals with normal immune systems, higher for those with compromised immune systems. A quantitative under-standing of latency-associated virulence mechanisms may help researchers develop more effective methods to battle the spread and reduce TB associated fatalities. Leveraging BioXyce's ability to simulate whole-cell and multi-cellular systems we are developing a circuit-based framework to investigate the impact of pathogenicity-associated pathways on the latency/reactivation phase of tuberculosis infection. We discuss efforts to simulate metabolic pathways that potentially impact the ability of Mtb to persist within host immune cells. We demonstrate how simulation studies can provide Insight regarding the efficacy of potential anti-TB agents on biological networks critical to Mtb pathogenicity using a systems chemical biology approach. C1 [May, Elebeoba; Faulon, Jean-Loup; Joo, Jaewook; Misra, Milind] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Leitao, Andrei; Oprea, Tudor I.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Div Biocomp, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP May, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eemay@sandia.gov RI Oprea, Tudor/A-5746-2011; Leitao, Andrei/B-7942-2012 OI Oprea, Tudor/0000-0002-6195-6976; FU NIH/NHLBI [5K25HL75105-3] FX E. May is supported by an NIH/NHLBI grant 5K25HL75105-3 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-1814-5 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2008 BP 4953 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4650325 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIS22 UT WOS:000262404503041 ER PT S AU Karnowski, TP Govindasamy, VP Tobin, KW Chaum, E Abramoff, MD AF Karnowski, Thomas P. Govindasamy, V. Priya Tobin, Kenneth W., Jr. Chaum, Edward Abramoff, M. D. GP IEEE TI Retina Lesion and Microaneurysm Segmentation using Morphological Reconstruction Methods with Ground-Truth Data SO 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP DEVICIX, Green Coll, Natl Inst Hlth, NIBIB, NSF, PLEXON Inc, UBC Engn Biomed Engn, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Bentham Sci Publ Ltd, Recent Patents Biomed Engn, Recent Patents Engn ID DIABETIC-RETINOPATHY AB In this work we report on a method for lesion segmentation based on the morphological reconstruction methods of Shell et. al. We adapt the method to include segmentation of dark lesions with a given vasculature segmentation. The segmentation is performed at a variety of scales determined using ground-truth data. Since the method tends to over-segment imagery, ground-truth data was used to create post-processing filters to separate nuisance blobs from true lesions. A sensitivity and specificity of 90% of classification of blobs into nuisance and actual lesion was achieved on two data sets of 86 images and 1296 images. C1 [Karnowski, Thomas P.; Govindasamy, V. Priya; Tobin, Kenneth W., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chaum, Edward] Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Knoxville, TN 38163 USA. [Abramoff, M. D.] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Karnowski, TP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM karnowskitp@ornl.gov FU National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health [RO1- EY017065]; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Oak Ridge, Tennessee [37831-6285]; UTBATTELLE; LLC; U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Manuscript received April 7, 2008. This work was supported in part by the National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health (RO1- EY017065). This paper was prepared by the OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6285, operated by UTBATTELLE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-1814-5 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2008 BP 5433 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4650443 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIS22 UT WOS:000262404503159 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Abramoff, MD Chaum, E Giancardo, L Govindasamy, VP Karnowski, TP Tennant, MTS Swainson, S AF Tobin, Kenneth W. Abramoff, Michael D. Chaum, Edward Giancardo, Luca Govindasamy, V. Priya Karnowski, Thomas P. Tennant, Matthew T. S. Swainson, Stephen GP IEEE TI Using a Patient Image Archive to Diagnose Retinopathy SO 2008 30TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY AUG 20-24, 2008 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP DEVICIX, Green Coll, Natl Inst Hlth, NIBIB, NSF, PLEXON Inc, UBC Engn Biomed Engn, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Bentham Sci Publ Ltd, Recent Patents Biomed Engn, Recent Patents Engn ID OPTIC DISC; SEGMENTATION AB Diabetes has become an epidemic that is expected to impact 365 Million people worldwide by 2025. Consequently, diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the industrialized world today. If detected early, treatments can preserve vision and significantly reduce debilitating blindness. Through this research we are developing and testing a method for automating the diagnosis of retinopathy in a screening environment using a patient archive and digital fundus imagery. We present an overview of our content-based image retrieval (CBIR) approach and provide performance results for a dataset of 98 images from a study in Canada when compared to an archive of 1,355 patients from a study in the Netherlands. An aggregate performance of 89% correct diagnosis is achieved, demonstrating the potential of automated, web-based diagnosis for a broad range of imagery collected under different conditions and with different cameras. C1 [Tobin, Kenneth W.; Govindasamy, V. Priya; Karnowski, Thomas P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Abramoff, Michael D.] Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Chaum, Edward] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Hamilton Eye Inst, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Giancardo, Luca] Nat Lab, Master Student European VIBOT Prog, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tennant, Matthew T. S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Ophthalmol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. [Swainson, Stephen] Univ Alberta, Fac Med, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M7, Canada. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tobinkwjr@ornl.gov; echaum@utmem.edu; giancardol@ornl.gov; muthusamygov@ornl.gov; karnowskitp@ornl.gov; mtennant@alberta-retina.com; sjs15@ualberta.ca OI Giancardo, Luca/0000-0002-4862-2277 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Eye Institute [EY01765]; United States Army Medical and Material Command; Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center [W81XWH-05-1-0409]; unrestricted UTHSC Departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY; The Plough Foundation, Memphis, TN FX Manuscript received April 15, 2008. These studies were supported in part by grants from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the National Eye Institute, (EY01765), the United States Army Medical and Material Command, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center (W81XWH-05-1-0409), by an unrestricted UTHSC Departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, New York, NY, and by The Plough Foundation, Memphis, TN. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1557-170X BN 978-1-4244-1814-5 J9 IEEE ENG MED BIO PY 2008 BP 5441 EP + DI 10.1109/IEMBS.2008.4650445 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIS22 UT WOS:000262404503161 ER PT B AU Smirnova, EI Earley, LM Heath, CE Shchegolkov, DY AF Smirnova, Evgenya I. Earley, Lawrence M. Heath, Cynthia E. Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu. GP IEEE TI Design and Fabrication of a 100 GHz Channel-Drop Filter SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB We have designed and are fabricating a novel passive mm-wave spectrometer based on a Photonic Band Gap (PBG) channel-drop filter (CDF). There is a need for a compact, wide-band, versatile and configurable mm-wave spectrometer for applications in mm-wave communications, radio astronomy, and radar receivers for remote sensing and nonproliferation. The CDF spectrometer was designed to operate in the frequency range of 90-130 GHz. We have manufactured a single proof-of-principle channel-drop filter. The manufacturing process involved etching the rods on a silicon wafer and then bonding them to metallic plates. The initial testing results for the filter will he presented here. Research is also underway to explore alternative configurations of the CDF, including one with metallic rods. C1 [Smirnova, Evgenya I.; Earley, Lawrence M.; Heath, Cynthia E.; Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smirnova, EI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700006 ER PT B AU Wanke, MC Nordquist, C Arrington, CL Rowen, AM Grine, AD Shaner, EA Lee, M AF Wanke, Michael C. Nordquist, Christopher Arrington, Christian L. Rowen, Adam M. Grine, Albert D. Shaner, Eric A. Lee, Mark GP IEEE TI Integration of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers with Lithographically Micromachined Waveguides SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID DIODE AB Gold rectangular waveguides suitable for single mode operation at frequencies near 3 THz have been micromachined using silicon microfabrication methods. The design, fabrication, and loss characteristics of these waveguides will be presented. On-chip integration of these waveguide structures with THz quantum cascade laser (QCL) sources has been achieved and the characteristics of QCL beams guided by waveguide will be discussed. C1 [Wanke, Michael C.; Nordquist, Christopher; Arrington, Christian L.; Rowen, Adam M.; Grine, Albert D.; Shaner, Eric A.; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wanke, MC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700131 ER PT B AU Shchegolkov, DY Azad, AK O'Hara, JF Smirnova, EI AF Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu. Azad, Abul K. O'Hara, John F. Smirnova, Evgenya I. GP IEEE TI A Proposed Measurement of the Reverse Cherenkov Radiation Effect in a Metamaterial-Loaded Circular Waveguide SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB We have proposed an experiment on verification of the Reverse Cherenkov Radiation effect in a Left-Handed-Material-loaded waveguide. Applications of reverse Cherenkov radiation effect may range from novel higher-order-mode absorbers in microwave and millimeter-wave sources to improved particle detectors for satellite non-proliferation missions. The experimental configuration employs a circular waveguide filled with an artificial metamaterial with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability, in which the electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 95 GHz will interact with an electron beam. We have demonstrated that for certain values of effective permittivity and permeability only the backward-propagating mode can be exited by the electron beam. In this presentation we will discuss the results of simulations and different manufacturing and assembling techniques for the metamaterial-loaded waveguide. C1 [Shchegolkov, Dmitry Yu.; Azad, Abul K.; O'Hara, John F.; Smirnova, Evgenya I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shchegolkov, DY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 372 EP 373 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700197 ER PT B AU Allen, SJ Aizin, GR Bowers, J Crossno, JD Dyer, GC Mars, D Mikalopas, J Reno, JL Robrish, P Shaner, EA Trutna, R Wanke, MC Zeng, G AF Allen, S. J. Aizin, G. R. Bowers, J. Crossno, J. D. Dyer, G. C. Mars, D. Mikalopas, J. Reno, J. L. Robrish, P. Shaner, E. A. Trutna, R. Wanke, M. C. Zeng, G. GP IEEE TI Exploring novel terahertz detectors and sources with the UCSB free-electron lasers SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE C1 [Allen, S. J.; Bowers, J.; Crossno, J. D.; Dyer, G. C.; Zeng, G.] UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Allen, S. J.; Bowers, J.; Crossno, J. D.; Dyer, G. C.; Zeng, G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Mars, D.; Robrish, P.; Trutna, R.] Agilent Labs, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Aizin, G. R.; Mikalopas, J.] CUNY, New York, NY USA. RP Allen, SJ (reprint author), UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. FU NSF NIRT [ECS0609146]; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04- 94AL85000]; ARO [W911NF-05-1-0031]; Defense MicroElectronics Activity (DMEA) through Center for Nanoscience Innovation for Defense FX This work is supported through NSF NIRT Grant No. ECS0609146, by Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000, by ARO Grant No. W911NF-05-1-0031 and Defense MicroElectronics Activity (DMEA) through the Center for Nanoscience Innovation for Defense. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 559 EP 559 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700298 ER PT B AU Attenkofer, K Kodituwakku, N Goerlich, M Adams, B Ross, SK Nielsen, T Nielsen, MM Tiede, DM AF Attenkofer, Klaus Kodituwakku, Nalaka Goerlich, Michael Adams, Bernhard Ross, Steve K. Nielsen, Thomas Nielsen, Martin M. Tiede, David M. GP IEEE TI Using coplanar wave guides to excite molecular motions in the frequency range of 10-1000GHz SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB We are presenting a new method to trigger molecular configurational chain reaction employing coplanar wave guides. This technique permits large field gradients at an individual molecule, direct electron transfer, and short excitation length down to the ps and sub-ps time scale. We present first results with excitation pulses of 1ns-100ps and compare these with simulations. Additionally we present simulations which show the feasibility of this technique up to the 1ps level. C1 [Attenkofer, Klaus; Kodituwakku, Nalaka; Goerlich, Michael; Adams, Bernhard; Ross, Steve K.; Tiede, David M.] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nielsen, Thomas; Nielsen, Martin M.] Ctr Mol Movies, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Attenkofer, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 742 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700390 ER PT B AU Sundaram, SK Riley, BJ Crum, JV AF Sundaram, S. K. Riley, Brian J. Crum, Jarrod V. GP IEEE TI Terahertz Transmission Spectroscopy of Chalcogenide Glasses SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID EXPLOSIVES AB Terahertz transmission of a chalcogenide family of glasses is reported. The glasses were processed using established methods for non-oxide glasses. Transmission through the samples was measured using a THz spectrometer. The transmission and optical properties of the glasses are summarized. The results show promise of these glasses for application as THz windows. C1 [Sundaram, S. K.; Riley, Brian J.; Crum, Jarrod V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Sundaram, SK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 838 EP 839 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700439 ER PT B AU O'Hara, JF Chen, HT Azad, AK Simrnova, E Padilla, WJ Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ AF O'Hara, J. F. Chen, H. -T. Azad, A. K. Simrnova, E. Padilla, W. J. Averitt, R. D. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Active THz Metamaterials SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS AB In this work, we demonstrate THz metamaterials exhibiting either amplitude control, via carrier injection or depletion in the active semiconductor substrate or frequency control, via photoexcitation of carriers into active semiconducting materials incorporated into the sub-wavelength metamaterial structure. C1 [O'Hara, J. F.; Chen, H. -T.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Azad, A. K.; Simrnova, E.; Padilla, W. J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02467 USA. [Averitt, R. D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 859 EP 861 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700452 ER PT B AU Padilla, WJ Chen, H Landy, NI Bingham, C Tao, H Zhang, X Zide, JMO Gossard, AC Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD AF Padilla, Willie J. Chen, Houtong Landy, Nathan I. Bingham, Christopher Tao, Hu Zhang, Xin Zide, Josh M. O. Gossard, Arthur C. Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. GP IEEE TI Metamaterials for the Terahertz Gap SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB Metamaterials are engineered materials which offer superb electromagnetic performance over naturally occurring materials, and offer great potential to construct novel devices operating in the terahertz frequency regime. Here we experimentally demonstrate metamaterial narrow band filters, perfect absorbing elements for THz imaging, and ultra-fast THz switches. Experiments are supplanted with simulation and theory, thus verifying high performance. C1 [Padilla, Willie J.; Landy, Nathan I.; Bingham, Christopher] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Chen, Houtong; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tao, Hu; Zhang, Xin] Boston Univ, Dept Manufacturing Engn, Boston, MA 02446 USA. [Zide, Josh M. O.; Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Averitt, Richard D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Padilla, WJ (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 878 EP 878 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700462 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Adler-Golden, SM AF Theiler, James Adler-Golden, Steven M. GP IEEE TI Detection of Ephemeral Changes in Sequences of Images SO 2008 37TH IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2008 CL Washington, DC ID SETS AB The formalism of anomalous change detection, which was developed for finding unusual changes in pairs of images, is extended to sequences of more than two images. Extended algorithms based on RX, Chronochrome, and Hyper are presented for identifying the most anomalously changing pixels in a sequence of co-registered images. Experimental comparisons are performed both on real data with real anomalies and on real data with simulated anomalies. C1 [Theiler, James] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Adler-Golden, Steven M.] Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jt@lanl.gov; adlergolden@spectral.com FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program FX Work at Los Alamos was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4244-3125-0 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2008 BP 205 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BLL30 UT WOS:000270443200034 ER PT S AU Vijayaraj, V Cheriyadat, AM Sallee, P Colder, B Vatsavai, RR Bright, EA Bhaduri, BL AF Vijayaraj, V. Cheriyadat, A. M. Sallee, Phil Colder, Brian Vatsavai, R. R. Bright, E. A. Bhaduri, B. L. GP IEEE TI Overhead Image Statistics SO 2008 37TH IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2008 CL Washington, DC ID NATURAL IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; TEXTURE; CORTEX AB Statistical properties of high-resolution overhead images representing different land use categories are analyzed using various local and global statistical image properties based on the shape of the power spectrum, image gradient distributions, edge co-occurrence, and inter-scale wavelet coefficient distributions. The analysis was performed on a database of high-resolution (1 meter) overhead images representing a multitude of different downtown, suburban, commercial, agricultural and wooded exemplars. Various statistical properties relating to these image categories and their relationship are discussed. The categorical variations in power spectrum contour shapes, the unique gradient distribution characteristics of wooded categories, the similarity in edge co-occurrence statistics for overhead and natural images, and the unique edge co-occurrence statistics of downtown categories are presented in this work. Though previous work on natural image statistics has showed some of the unique characteristics for different categories, the relationships for overhead Images are not well understood. The statistical properties of natural images were used in previous studies to develop prior image models, to predict and index objects in a scene and to improve computer vision models. The results from our research findings can be used to augment and adapt computer vision algorithms that rely on prior image statistics to process overhead images, calibrate the performance of overhead image analysis algorithms, and derive features for better discrimination of overhead image categories. C1 [Vijayaraj, V.; Cheriyadat, A. M.; Vatsavai, R. R.; Bright, E. A.; Bhaduri, B. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008 MS 6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sallee, Phil] Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Colder, Brian] Colder Sci, Mclean, VA 22043 USA. RP Vijayaraj, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, POB 2008 MS 6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NGA research; NGA [HM1582-06-C-0017] FX The ORNL authors greatly acknowledge the support provided for this work by NGA research grant. We would like to thank Dr. Jeffrey Kretsch for his invaluable technical inputs to this project. Support for Phil Sallee and Brian Colder on this work was provided by NGA contract HM1582-06-C-0017 to Booz Allen Hamilton. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4244-3125-0 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2008 BP 217 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BLL30 UT WOS:000270443200036 ER PT S AU Vodacek, A Li, Y Garrett, AJ AF Vodacek, A. Li, Y. Garrett, A. J. GP IEEE TI Remote Sensing Data Assimilation in Environmental Models SO 2008 37TH IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2008 CL Washington, DC ID OCEAN COLOR DATA; BIOCHEMICAL-MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TAMPA-BAY; IMAGERY AB Passive remote sensing is limited in that a two dimensional image is used to sense a three dimensional world. Multiple images over time add a fourth dimension, but time is under sampled with most remote sensing systems. Physical models of time varying environmental processes can be used to address the time and three dimensional aspect of the environment, but standalone models become inaccurate over time. Data assimilation is the term used to describe the continual input of new data into an executing model to keep the model aligned with reality. Some results and aspects of the Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation technique are described for two potential applications: water quality modeling and wildland fire modeling. C1 [Vodacek, A.; Li, Y.] Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Garrett, A. J.] Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Vodacek, A (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, Chester F Carlson Ctr Imaging Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RI Vodacek, Anthony/F-1585-2011 OI Vodacek, Anthony/0000-0001-9196-0928 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4600217]; NSF [CNS-0324989, CNS-0719626] FX This work was supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4600217 and NSF grants CNS-0324989 and CNS-0719626. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4244-3125-0 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2008 BP 225 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BLL30 UT WOS:000270443200037 ER PT B AU Lu, J Cao, ZL Aslam, DM Sepulveda, N Sullivan, JP AF Lu, Jing Cao, Zongliang Aslam, Dean M. Sepulveda, Nelson Sullivan, John P. GP IEEE TI Diamond micro and nano resonators using laser, capacitive or piezoresistive detection SO 2008 3RD IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NANO/MICRO ENGINEERED AND MOLECULAR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Conference of Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems CY JAN 06-09, 2008 CL Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, State Key Lab Multi Spectral Informat Proc Technol, Chinese Soc Micro Nano Technol, Ctr Micro & Nano Syst, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, Shenyang Inst Automat, Univ California, UCLA, Ctr Cell Control, Global Engn Technol Inst, Nanosurf AG, Smart Instruments Nanosci & Nanotechnol, US Army Int Technol Ctr, Pacific DE polycrystalline diamond; micro and nano resonators; RFMEMS; laser; capacitive and piezoresistive detection ID CANTILEVER AB Design, fabrication and testing of poIycrystalline diamond (poly-C) micro and nano resonators are reported using laser, capacitive or piezoresistive detection. Important diamond MEMS fabrication issues, including micro-masking in dry etching, are also addressed. The resonators consisted of undoped poly-C (grown at 700 degrees C or 780 degrees C) cantilever beams with lengths, widths and thicknesses in the ranges of 40 - 2000 mu m, 10 - 200 mu m and 0.6 - 2 mu m, respectively. The ploy-C piezoresistors, in-situ boron doped (rho = 1 - 10 Omega*cm) at 700 degrees C, had lengths, widths and thickness in the ranges of 24 - 42 mu m, 3 - 12 mu m and 0.5 mu m, respectively. The early results of measurement using piezoelectric actuation and laser detection, in a vacuum chamber held at 10(-8) torr, are very encouraging. C1 [Lu, Jing; Cao, Zongliang; Aslam, Dean M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sepulveda, Nelson] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00682 USA. [Sullivan, John P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM lujing1@msu.edu RI Sepulveda, Nelson/E-6536-2011 OI Sepulveda, Nelson/0000-0002-9676-8529 FU Engineering Research Centers Program (ERC) of the National Science Foundation [EEC-9986866] FX This work is supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program (ERC) of the National Science Foundation under Award Number EEC-9986866. The authors are thankful to Dr. Donnie Reinhard for help on measurement and Hoyin Chan for help in the fabrication of samples. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1907-4 PY 2008 BP 876 EP 876 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHW70 UT WOS:000257066200189 ER PT S AU Xu, Y Li, FX Rizy, DT Kueck, JD AF Xu, Yan Li, Fangxing Rizy, D. Tom Kueck, John D. GP IEEE TI Active Power and Nonactive Power Control of Distributed Energy Resources SO 2008 40TH NORTH AMERICAN POWER SYMPOSIUM (NAPS 2008) SE North American Power Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th North American Power Symposium CY SEP 28-30, 2008 CL Calgary, CANADA DE active power; distributed energy resources; dynamic voltage regulation; nonactive power; unbalance compensation ID STATCOM; STORAGE AB Distributed energy, resources (DE) have been widely used in the power systems to Supply active power, and most of the present DE resources are operated :With limited or without nonactive power capability. This paper shows that with a slight modification in hardware configuration and a small boost in the power ratings, as well as proper implementation of control strategies, a DE system with a power electronics converter interface can provide active power and nonactive power simultaneously and independently. A DE can provide dynamic voltage regulation to the local bus because of its nonactive power capability. Furthermore, the proposed DE control method in this paper can effectively compensate the unbalance in the local voltage. The system requirements such as the inverter current rating and the dc voltage rating are discussed. The analysis of the system requirements to provide nonactive power shows that it is cost-effective to have DE provide voltage regulation. C1 [Xu, Yan; Li, Fangxing; Rizy, D. Tom; Kueck, John D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6067, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6067, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xuy3@ornl.gov; fli6@utk.edu; rizydt@ornl.gov; kueckjd@ornl.gov RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-4939 BN 978-1-4244-4283-6 J9 NORTH AMER POW SYMP PY 2008 BP 89 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BNJ88 UT WOS:000274766700015 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Pierre, JW AF Zhou, Ning Pierre, John W. GP IEEE TI Time-Limited Perturbation Waveform Generation by an Extended Time-Frequency Domain Swapping Algorithm SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN ID SIGNALS AB A time-limited pseudo-random signal is an important component in perturbation signals during a system identification procedure. In this paper, a finite-time duration pseudo-random waveform with desired continuous spectral features is generated using an extended time-frequency domain swapping algorithm. Multi-Sine waveforms are used as initial waveforms. Through iterations, the waveform is polished to achieve desired spectral features and small crest factor. A comparison with multi-sine waveforms shows that the new waveform generated with the proposed algorithm has a much flatter spectrum and smaller crest factor as being desired. C1 [Zhou, Ning] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Technol Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pierre, John W.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Technol Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.zhou@pnl.gov; pierre@uwyo.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR [DE-FG02-03ER46044, DE-FC26-06NT42750]; The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR under grant DE-FG02-03ER46044 and DE-FC26-06NT42750. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 149 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616758 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500038 ER PT S AU Martin, PM Smith, MC Alam, S Agarwal, P AF Martin, Phillip M. Smith, Melissa C. Alam, Sadaf Agarwal, Pratul GP IEEE TI Implementation Methodology for Emerging Reconfigurable Systems SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN ID HIGH-PERFORMANCE AB The widespread adoption of reconfigurable (FPGA) accelerator devices for scientific computing faces two critical challenges: first, sustaining performance in the presence of data transfer overheads and second, the availability of a portable interface in a high-level language to target multiple devices. The XtremeData XD1000 is one available system that addresses the first challenge by coupling the reconfigurable hardware with the host mu P on a dual-core Opteron motherboard. The ImpulseC development environment, addresses the challenge of portability and programmability by enabling development of applications in C that are capable of targeting multiple reconfigurable hardware platforms. We present a workflow methodology for accelerating a production-level biomolecular simulation framework called LAMMPS in ImpulseC. Using LAMMPS as an example scientific application, we explore the design space and characterize the performance of our implementation on the XD1000 platform. C1 [Martin, Phillip M.; Smith, Melissa C.] Clemson Univ, ECE Dept, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Alam, Sadaf; Agarwal, Pratul] CSMD, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Martin, PM (reprint author), Clemson Univ, ECE Dept, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pmmarti@clemson.edu; smithmc@clemson.edu; alamsr@ornl.gov; agarwalpk@ornl.gov FU Computational Sciences and Mathematics division; University of Tennessee at Knoxville; XtremeData for donating the development system to Clemson University under their university partners program FX Special thanks to: XtremeData for donating the development system to Clemson University under their university partners program, the Computational Sciences and Mathematics division and University of Tennessee at Knoxville for sponsoring the summer research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory that lead to this paper, Pratul Agarwal, Sadaf Alam, and Melissa Smith for their involvement with the research. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616763 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500043 ER PT S AU Ning, ZL Blalock, BJ Ericson, MN Oliver, J Van Berg, R O'Connor, P Britton, CL AF Ning, Zuoliang Blalock, Benjamin J. Ericson, M. Nance Oliver, John Van Berg, Richard O'Connor, Paul Britton, Charles L., Jr. GP IEEE TI A High Voltage CCD Sensor Control Chip for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN DE CCD clock driver; high-voltage analog; cold temperature electronics; Silicon-On-Instdator AB A Sensor Control Chip (SCC) that can drive a 20 V adjustable output voltage swing and a maximum output current of 100 mA has been developed to provide the required clock and bias signals for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's CCD imagers. The prototype chip has been fabricated in a 0.8-mu m BCD-SOI process, and is designed to operate down to 150K. The circuit consists of current steering DACs followed by transimpedence operational amplifiers to control the rail voltages of the clock signals and bias voltages. The clocks are input to the SCC through LVDS receivers and converted internally to the required amplitude for driving the CCD. Design techniques will be presented along with room temperature and operational temperature test results obtained from prototype chips. C1 [Ericson, M. Nance; Britton, Charles L., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ning, Zuoliang; Blalock, Benjamin J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Oliver, John] Harvard Univ, Lab Particle Phys & Cosmol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Van Berg, Richard] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [O'Connor, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ericson, MN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bblalock@ittk.edu; ericsonmn@ornl.gov; jnoliver@fas.harvard.edu; rick@hep.upenn.edu; poc@bnl.gov; brittoncl@ornl.gov RI Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 535 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616854 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500134 ER PT S AU Liu, HW Tolbert, LA Ozpineci, B Du, Z AF Liu, Haiwen Tolbert, Leon A. Ozpineci, Burak Du, Zhong GP IEEE TI Hybrid Multilevel Inverter with Single DC Source SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN ID CONVERTERS AB A hybrid multilevel inverter model based on PSIM and MATLAB/SIMULINK is presented in this paper. It consists of a standard 3-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and H-bridge in series with each inverter leg. The inverter can be used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV). The co-simulation model is employed in order to take full advantage of different power electronics simulation software. Specifically, the main circuit model is developed using PSIM, and the control model is developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK An experimental 5-level hybrid inverter is tested, which is controlled by multilevel carrier-based PWM signals. The simulation yields a good estimation for the test results of the inverter. C1 [Liu, Haiwen; Tolbert, Leon A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon A.; Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Du, Zhong] Parker Hannifin Corp, Otsego, MI 38654 USA. RP Liu, HW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 538 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616855 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500135 ER PT S AU Huque, MA Islam, SK Kuruganti, PT AF Huque, Mohammed Aminul Islam, Syed Kamrul Kuruganti, Phani Teja GP IEEE TI Towards fully integrated high temperature wireless sensors using GaN-based HEMT devices SO 2008 51ST MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 51st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems CY AUG 10-13, 2008 CL Knoxville, TN ID TRANSISTORS; MICROWAVE; NOISE AB Wireless sensors that are capable of working in extreme environments can significantly improve the efficiency and performance of industrial processes by facilitating better monitoring and control. Gallium Nitride (GaN), a widely researched wide bandgap material, can potentially be used to fabricate components for sensing and actuation for high temperature integrated wireless sensors. In this paper we are presenting an experimental study on the performance of AlGaN/GaN HEMT at high temperatures (up to 300 degrees C). From test results, DC and microwave parameters at different temperatures were extracted. C1 [Huque, Mohammed Aminul; Islam, Syed Kamrul] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kuruganti, Phani Teja] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Extreme Measurment Commun Ctr, EMC2, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Huque, MA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM mhuque@utk.edu; sislam@utk.edu; kurugantipv@ornl.gov FU UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy. FX This manuscript has been authored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3746 BN 978-1-4244-2166-4 J9 MIDWEST SYMP CIRCUIT PY 2008 BP 582 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSCAS.2008.4616866 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIP84 UT WOS:000261729500146 ER PT B AU Watts, MR Trotter, DC Young, RW Lentine, AL AF Watts, Michael R. Trotter, Douglas C. Young, Ralph W. Lentine, Anthony L. GP IEEE TI Ultralow Power Silicon Microdisk Modulators and Switches SO 2008 5TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUP IV PHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics CY SEP 17-19, 2008 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE, Informat Soc Technol, Helios AB We demonstrate a 4 mu m silicon microdisk modulator with a power consumption of 85fJ/bit. The modulator utilizes a reverse-biased, vertical p-n junction to achieve 10Gb/s data transmission, with 3.5V drive voltage, BER<10(-12), and without signal pre-emphasis. High-speed silicon bandpass switches are constructed from pairs of modulators. (C)2008 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers C1 [Watts, Michael R.; Trotter, Douglas C.; Young, Ralph W.; Lentine, Anthony L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Watts, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mwatts@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1769-8 PY 2008 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1109/GROUP4.2008.4638077 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIV87 UT WOS:000263222900002 ER PT B AU Makarov, YV Loutan, C Ma, J de Mello, P Lui, S AF Makarov, Yuri V. Loutan, Clyde Ma, Jian de Mello, Phillip Lui, Shuai GP IEEE TI Impacts of Integration of Wind Generation on Regulation and Load Following Requirements of California Power Systems SO 2008 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY MARKET, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market CY MAY 28-30, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE DE Wind power; capacity; ramp rates; scheduling; real-time dispatch; load following; regulation; load forecast; wind generation forecast ID OPERATION AB This paper describes a methodology to evaluate the amount of required regulation and load following capability to maintain reliability in the CAISO Control Area. The methodology is based on a mathematical model of the CAISO's actual scheduling, real-time dispatch and regulation processes. The forecast load and wind power are stochastic quantities, represented by two series of minute by minute values: the load/wind-power average value and its standard deviation magnitude. The hour-ahead wind generation forecast was assumed to be a part of the future CAISO/Scheduling Coordinator (SC) scheduling system. CAISO actual 2006 data and simulated 2010 data are analyzed by season. Load following and regulation requirements, including the capacity, ramping, and duration requirements by operating hour within a season of 2006 and 2010 were analyzed simultaneously. C1 [Makarov, Yuri V.; Ma, Jian; Lui, Shuai] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Loutan, Clyde; de Mello, Phillip] Calif Independent Syst Operator, Folsom, CA 95616 USA. [Ma, Jian] Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, Brisbane, Qld QLD 4072, Australia. [de Mello, Phillip] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Makarov, YV (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; cloutan@caiso.com; pdemello@caiso.com; shuai.lu@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1743-8 PY 2008 BP 187 EP + PG 2 WC Business; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BII66 UT WOS:000259866500032 ER PT B AU Yang, B Makarov, Y Desteese, J Viswanathan, V Nyeng, P McManus, B Pease, J AF Yang, Bo Makarov, Yuri Desteese, John Viswanathan, Vilayanur Nyeng, Preben McManus, Bart Pease, John GP IEEE TI On the Use of Energy Storage Technologies for Regulation Services in Electric Power Systems with Significant Penetration of Wind Energy SO 2008 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY MARKET, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market CY MAY 28-30, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE DE Energy Storage; Regulation; Flywheel Energy Storage; Pumped Hydro Electric Power Plant; Battery Energy Storage AB Energy produced by intermittent renewable resources is sharply increasing in the United States. At high penetration levels, volatility of wind power production could cause additional problems for the power system balancing functions such as regulation. This paper reports some partial results of a project work, recently conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). The project proposes to mitigate additional intermittency with the help of Wide Area Energy Management System (WAEMS) that would provide a two-way simultaneous regulation service for the BPA and California ISO systems by using a large energy storage facility. The paper evaluates several utility-scale energy storage technology options for their usage as regulation resources. The regulation service requires a participating resource to quickly vary its power output following the rapidly and frequently changing regulation signal. Several energy storage options have been analyzed based on thirteen selection criteria. The evaluation process resulted in the selection of flywheels, pumped hydro electric power (or conventional hydro electric power) plant and sodium sulfur or nickel cadmium batteries as candidate technologies for the WAEMS project. A cost benefit analysis should be conducted to narrow the choice to one technology. C1 [Yang, Bo; Makarov, Yuri; Desteese, John; Viswanathan, Vilayanur] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Nyeng, Preben] Techn Univ Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark. [McManus, Bart; Pease, John] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland 98666, OR USA. EM bo.yang@pnl.gov; yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; john.desteese@pnl.gov; vilayanur.viswanathan@pnl.gov; pny@elektro.dtu.dk; bamcmanus@bpa.gov; jhpease@bpa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration Technology Innovations [BPA00028087/PNNL52946] FX The work has been funded under the Bonneville Power Administration Technology Innovations contract # BPA00028087/PNNL52946. California ISO and Beacon Power Corporation contributed in kind to this project. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1743-8 PY 2008 BP 469 EP + PG 3 WC Business; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BII66 UT WOS:000259866500080 ER PT B AU Makarov, YV Lu, SA McManus, B Pease, J AF Makarov, Yuri V. Lu, Shuai McManus, Bart Pease, John GP IEEE TI The Future Impact of Wind on BPA Power System Load Following and Regulation Requirements SO 2008 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY MARKET, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market CY MAY 28-30, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE DE Wind Integration; Load Following; Regulation; Hour-ahead Schedule; Real-time Schedule AB Wind power is growing at a very fast pace as an alternative generating resource. As the ratio of wind power over total system capacity increases, the impact of wind on various system aspects becomes significant. This paper presents a methodology to study the future impact of wind on BPA power system load following and regulation requirements. Existing methodologies for similar analysis include dispatch model simulation and standard deviation evaluation on load and wind data. The methodology proposed in this paper uses historical data and stochastic processes to simulate the load balancing processes in the BPA power system. It mimics the actual power system operations therefore the results are close to reality yet the study based on this methodology is convenient to perform. The capacity, ramp rate and ramp duration characteristics are extracted from the simulation results. System load following and regulation capacity requirements are calculated accordingly. The ramp rate and ramp duration data obtained from the analysis can be used to evaluate generation fleet ramp requirement and regulating units' energy requirement, respectively. C1 [Makarov, Yuri V.; Lu, Shuai] USA, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [McManus, Bart; Pease, John] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; shuai.lu@pnl.gov; bamcmanus@bpa.gov; jhpease@bpa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration under contract Mitigating the Operational Impacts of Wind Energy Resources in the BPA Control Area FX This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration under contract Mitigating the Operational Impacts of Wind Energy Resources in the BPA Control Area. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1743-8 PY 2008 BP 493 EP + PG 2 WC Business; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BII66 UT WOS:000259866500084 ER PT B AU Thimmapuram, P Veselka, TD Koritarov, V Vilela, S Pereira, R Silva, RF AF Thimmapuram, Prakash Veselka, Thomas D. Koritarov, Vladimir Vilela, Sonia Pereira, Ricardo Silva, Rui Figueiredo GP IEEE TI Modeling Hydro Power Plants in Deregulated Electricity Markets: Integration and Application of EMCAS and VALORAGUA SO 2008 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY MARKET, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market CY MAY 28-30, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE DE Hydro Power Plants; Deregulated Power Markets; Agent-Based Modeling; Iberian market AB In this paper, we present details of integrating an agent-based model, Electricity Market Complex Adaptive System (EMCAS) with a hydro-thermal coordination model, VALORAGUA. EMCAS provides a framework for simulating deregulated markets with flexible regulatory structure along with bidding strategies for supply offers and demand bids. VALORAGUA provides longer-term operation plans by optimizing hydro and thermal power plant operation for the entire year. In addition, EMCAS uses the price forecasts and weekly hydro schedules from VALORAGUA to provide intra-week hydro plant optimization for hourly supply offers. The integrated model is then applied to the Iberian electricity market which includes about 111 thermal plants and 38 hydro power plants. We then analyze the impact of hydro plant supply offers on the market prices and ways to minimize the Gencos' exposure to price risk. C1 [Thimmapuram, Prakash; Veselka, Thomas D.; Koritarov, Vladimir] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Vilela, Sonia; Pereira, Ricardo] Rede Elect Nacl SA, P-4000 Oporto, Portugal. [Silva, Rui Figueiredo] Energias Portuga, P-4000 Oporto, Portugal. RP Thimmapuram, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM prakash@anl.gov; tdveselka@anl.gov; koritarov@anl.gov; sonia.vilela@ren.pt; ricardo.pereira@ren.pt; Rui.FigueiredoSilva@edp.pt NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1743-8 PY 2008 BP 593 EP + PG 2 WC Business; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BII66 UT WOS:000259866500101 ER PT B AU Botterud, A Mahalik, MR Conzelmann, G Silva, RF Vilela, S Pereira, R AF Botterud, Audun Mahalik, Matthew R. Conzelmann, Guenter Silva, Rui Figueiredo Vilela, Sonia Pereira, Ricardo GP IEEE TI Multi-Agent Simulation of Generation Capacity Expansion Decisions SO 2008 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE EUROPEAN ELECTRICITY MARKET, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market CY MAY 28-30, 2008 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL SP IEEE DE Electricity Markets; Generation Expansion; Multi-Agent Simulation; EMCAS; Iberian Market ID MODEL AB In this paper, we use a multi-agent simulation model, EMCAS, to analyze generation expansion in the Iberian electricity market. The expansion model simulates generation investment decisions of decentralized generating companies (GenCos) interacting in a complex, multidimensional environment. A probabilistic dispatch algorithm calculates prices and profits for new candidate units in different future states of the system. Uncertainties in future load, hydropower conditions, and competitors' actions are represented in a scenario tree, and decision analysis is used to identify the optimal expansion decision for each individual GenCo. We run the model using detailed data for the Iberian market. In a scenario analysis, we look at the impact of market design variables, such as the energy price cap and carbon emission prices. We also analyze how market concentration and GenCos' risk preferences influence the timing and choice of new generating capacity. C1 [Botterud, Audun; Mahalik, Matthew R.; Conzelmann, Guenter] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Silva, Rui Figueiredo] Energias Portugal, Oporto, Portugal. [Vilela, Sonia; Pereira, Ricardo] Rede Elect Nacl, Oporto, Portugal. RP Botterud, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abotterud@anl.gov; mahalik@anl.gov; guenter@anl.gov; rui.figueiredosilva@edpproducao.edp.pt; sonia.vilela@ren.pt; ricardo.pereira@ren.pt FU UChicago Argonne, LLC, [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy FX The submitted manuscript was created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1743-8 PY 2008 BP 599 EP + PG 2 WC Business; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BII66 UT WOS:000259866500102 ER PT B AU Hurd, S Smith, R Leischner, G AF Hurd, Steven Smith, Rhett Leischner, Garrett GP IEEE TI Tutorial: Security in electric utility control systems SO 2008 61ST ANNUAL CONFERENCE FOR PROTECTIVE RELAY ENGINEERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers CY APR 01-03, 2008 CL Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX SP IEEE HO Texas A&M Univ AB This paper provides a tutorial on practical security measures that can be implemented in power system communication networks. h also includes a discussion and comparison of NERC CIP regulations requirements and proven IT security implementations. This tutorial provides a straightforward look at what NERC CEP requires along with potential steps on how to comply, what basic cybersecurity practices are available today, and how these can be implemented quickly and inexpensively. This tutorial examines new security protocols in development for substation applications to achieve cybersecurity using proven in and vetted IT security protocols tailored for substation use including Ethernet, serial, and modem communications links. This tutorial covers specifically emerging standards including the following: 1. IEEE P1711-Trial-Use Standard for a Cryptographic Protocol for Cybersecurity of Substation Serial Links. 2. OPSAID (Open PCS Security Architecture for Interoperable Design)-Design standard vendors may use to build secure systems for use in industrial control applications. The standard comes from the OPSAID project, under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy Office of the Electric Delivery and Reliability's National SCADA Test Bed Program. C1 [Hurd, Steven] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Smith, Rhett; Leischner, Garrett] Schweitzer Engn Lab, Stanford, CA 90574 USA. RP Hurd, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1949-4 PY 2008 BP 304 EP + DI 10.1109/CPRE.2008.4515061 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIA53 UT WOS:000257931600017 ER PT S AU Palensky, P Kupzog, F Zaidi, AA Zhou, K AF Palensky, Peter Kupzog, Friederich Zaidi, Adeel Abbas Zhou, Kai GP IEEE TI A simulation platform for distributed energy optimization algorithms SO 2008 6TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics INDIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics CY JUL 13-16, 2008 CL Daejeon, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE AB Optimizing the energy system is vital for supply safety and efficient operation. One part of such optimization efforts are demand side measures. This article discusses a simulation platform for automated demand side management, i.e. automated load management. Up to now, the strategies and algorithms that decided where and when to take influence on the loads were very primitive. The complexity of the system did not allow for intuitively designing smarter algorithms. As, the energy system is a wide area distributed system, questions about system stability, SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), reaction times or the relation to the wider environment (customer processes, energy market, etc.) are very difficult to research. The presented prototype is intended to offer a research platform for evaluating potential algorithms for their real-world usage. All relevant parts of the overall process 'intelligent grid" are modeled into the world of discrete event simulation and first implementation results are discussed. C1 [Palensky, Peter] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 02404 USA. [Palensky, Peter] Univ Pretoria, Seoul, South Korea. [Kupzog, Friederich; Zaidi, Adeel Abbas; Zhou, Kai] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Comp Technol, Vienna, Austria. RP Palensky, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 02404 USA. EM palensky@ieee.org; kupzog@ict.tuwien.ac.at; zaidia@ict.tuwien.ac.at; zhou@ict.tuwien.ac.at NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1935-4576 BN 978-1-4244-2170-1 J9 IEEE INTL CONF IND I PY 2008 BP 316 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIQ46 UT WOS:000262049000056 ER PT B AU Sfiligoi, I Quinn, G Green, C Thain, G AF Sfiligoi, Igor Quinn, Greg Green, Chris Thain, Greg GP IEEE TI Pilot Job Accounting and Auditing in Open Science Grid SO 2008 9TH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GRID COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Grid Computing CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP IEEE, ACM AB The Grid accounting and auditing mechanisms were designed under the assumption that users would submit their jobs directly to the Grid gatekeepers. However, many groups are starting to use pilot-based systems, where users submit jobs to a centralized queue and are successively transferred to the Grid resources by the pilot infrastructure. While this approach greatly improves the user experience, it does disrupt the established accounting and auditing procedures. Open Science Grid deploys gLExec on the worker nodes to keep the pilot-related accounting and auditing information and centralizes the accounting collection with GRATIA. C1 [Sfiligoi, Igor; Green, Chris] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Sfiligoi, I (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. EM sfiligoi@fnal.gov; gquinn@cs.wisc.edu; greenc@fnal.gov; gthain@cs.wisc.edu NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2578-5 PY 2008 BP 112 EP 117 DI 10.1109/GRID.2008.4662789 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJC78 UT WOS:000264846900014 ER PT B AU Ward, TZ Shen, J AF Ward, T. Z. Shen, Jian BA Huang, R BF Huang, R BE Yu, M An, X TI Emerging Transport Behavior in Manganites Wires SO 2008 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE AND INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit Technology CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Beijing Sect, Chinese Inst Elect, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE EDS, Beijing Chapter, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE, Hong Kong EDS, SSCS Chapter, IEEE SSCS, Beijing Chapter, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Elect Div IEEE, URSI Commiss D, Inst Elect Engineers Korea, Assoc Asia Pacific Phys Soc, Peking Univ, IEEE EDS, Student Chapter ID PHASE-SEPARATION AB The two hottest areas of research in condensed matter physics are complexity and nanoscale physics. Interestingly, these two areas have little overlap as most of the nanophysics research work is conducted using "simple" materials of metals or semiconductors instead of complex materials such as transition metal oxides. However, due to the strong electronic correlation, it is exactly the transition metal oxides that will most likely lead to observations of striking new phenomena under spatial confinement. We will use perovskite manganites as model systems to demonstrate how spatial confinement can dramatically affect their transport and magnetic properties. The emerging magnetic and transport behavior is Rely associated with the electronic phase separation under confined geometry in the manganites. Some of the new properties such as ultrasharp jumps of magnetoresistance and reentrant metal-insulator transition may have significant impact on fabricating oxides-based novel devices. C1 [Ward, T. Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Shen, Jian] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astronomy, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ward, TZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM Shenj@ornl.gov RI Ward, Thomas/I-6636-2016 OI Ward, Thomas/0000-0002-1027-9186 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2185-5 PY 2008 BP 556 EP 558 DI 10.1109/ICSICT.2008.4734602 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJH87 UT WOS:000265971000142 ER PT B AU Nikolic, RJ Conway, AM Reinhardt, CE Graff, RT Wang, TF Deo, N Cheung, CL AF Nikolic, Rebecca J. Conway, Adam M. Reinhardt, Catherine E. Graff, Robert T. Wang, Tzu-Fang Deo, Nirmalendu Cheung, Chin Li BA Huang, R BF Huang, R BE Yu, M An, X TI Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detector SO 2008 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE AND INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit Technology CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Beijing Sect, Chinese Inst Elect, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE EDS, Beijing Chapter, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE, Hong Kong EDS, SSCS Chapter, IEEE SSCS, Beijing Chapter, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Elect Div IEEE, URSI Commiss D, Inst Elect Engineers Korea, Assoc Asia Pacific Phys Soc, Peking Univ, IEEE EDS, Student Chapter ID FILMS AB This work describes an innovative solid state device structure that leverages advanced semiconductor fabrication technology to produce an efficient device for thermal neutron detection which we have coined the "Pillar Detector". State-of-the-art thermal neutron detectors have shortcomings in simultaneously achieving high efficiency, low operating voltage while maintaining adequate fieldability performance. By using a three dimensional silicon PIN diode pillar array filled with isotopic (10)boron (B-10), a high efficiency device is theoretically possible. Here we review the design considerations for going from a 2-D to 3-D device and discuss the materials trade-offs. The relationship between the geometrical features and efficiency within our 3-D device is investigated by Monte Carlo radiation transport method coupled with finite element drift-diffusion carrier transport simulations. To benchmark our simulations and validate the predicted efficiency scaling, experimental results of a prototype device are illustrated. The fabricated pillar structures reported in this work are composed of 2 mu m diameter silicon pillars with a 2 mu m spacing and pillar height of 12 mu m. The pillar detector with a 12 gin height achieved a thermal neutron detection efficiency of 7.3% at a reverse bias of -2V. C1 [Nikolic, Rebecca J.; Conway, Adam M.; Reinhardt, Catherine E.; Graff, Robert T.; Wang, Tzu-Fang] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Deo, Nirmalendu; Cheung, Chin Li] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Nikolic, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nikolic1@llnl.gov RI Conway, Adam/C-3624-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-PROC-404677] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-PROC-404677. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2185-5 PY 2008 BP 2353 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJH87 UT WOS:000265971003114 ER PT S AU Nimityongskul, S Lacy, S Babuska, V AF Nimityongskul, Sonny Lacy, Seth Babuska, Vit GP IEEE TI Model synthesis weighting effects on model tuning in system identification SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN AB System identification is the process of deriving dynamic equations from observed system behavior, the inverse of the common problem of deriving solutions to a given set of dynamics. The system identification process generally consists of two steps, a model synthesis step followed by a model tuning step. For complex systems, standard system identification tools often fall to provide satisfactory results without extensive manipulation by an experienced engineer. Input, output, and frequency weightings are often used to adjust the properties of the identified model in model tuning. In this effort, we examine the impact of model synthesis weightings on model tuning results. Model synthesis weightings are shown to improve the initial models used for model tuning. However, it is shown that an improved initial model for model tuning does not necessarily lead to faster model tuning or more accurate identified models. C1 [Nimityongskul, Sonny] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lacy, Seth] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Babuska, Vit] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nimityongskul, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM apnimityongs@wisc.edu; seth.lacy@kirtland.af.mil; vbabusk@sandia.gov FU Air Force Office [LRI00VS17COR.] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under LRI00VS17COR. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 638 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586564 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261500109 ER PT S AU Yoo, TS Garcia, HE AF Yoo, Tae-Sic Garcia, Humberto E. GP IEEE TI Stochastic event counter for discrete-event systems under unreliable observations SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID DIAGNOSIS; DIAGNOSABILITY AB This paper addresses the issues of counting the occurrence of special events in the framework of partially-observed discrete-event dynamical systems (DEDS). First, we develop a noble recursive procedure that updates active counter information state sequentially with available observations. In general, the cardinality of active counter information state is unbounded, which makes the exact recursion infeasible computationally. To overcome this difficulty, we develop an approximated recursive procedure that regulates and bounds the size of active counter information state. Using the approximated active counting information state, we give an approximated minimum mean square error (MMSE) counter. The developed algorithms are then applied to count special routing events in a material flow system. C1 [Yoo, Tae-Sic; Garcia, Humberto E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Yoo, TS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Tae-Sic.Yoo@inl.gov; Humberto.Garcia@inl.gov NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 1145 EP 1152 DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586647 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261500192 ER PT S AU Thorsley, D Yoo, TS Garcia, HE AF Thorsley, David Yoo, Tae-Sic Garcia, Humberto E. GP IEEE TI Diagnosability of stochastic discrete-event systems under unreliable observations SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID DIAGNOSIS AB We investigate diagnosabitity of stochastic discrete-event systems where the observation of certain events is unreliable, that is, there are non-zero probabilities of the misdetection and misclassification of events based on faulty sensor readings. Such sensor unreliability is unavoidable in applications such as nuclear energy generation. We propose the notions of uA- and uAA-diagnosability for stochastic automata and demonstrate their relationship with the concepts of A- and AA-diagnosabilty defined in [1]. We extend the concept of the stochastic diagnoser to the unreliable observation paradigm and find conditions for uA- and uAA-diagnosability. C1 [Thorsley, David] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yoo, Tae-Sic; Garcia, Humberto E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Thorsley, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM thorsley@u.washington.edu; Tae-Sic.Yoo@inl.gov; Humberto.Garcia@inl.gov FU Idaho National Laboratory; AFOSR MURI "High Confidence Design for Distributed Embedded Systems FX Part of this research was performed when D. Thorsley was supported by the Idaho National Laboratory, and another part was performed when D. Thorsley was supported by the AFOSR MURI High Confidence Design for Distributed Embedded Systems. D. Thorsley would like to thank D.Teneketzis and S. Lafortune, Department of EECS, University of Michigan, for their support while part of this research was being completed. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 1158 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586649 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261500194 ER PT S AU Griffin, C AF Griffin, Christopher GP IEEE TI Optimal parametric discrete event control: Problem and solution SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID SUPERVISORY CONTROL; SYSTEMS; CONTROLLABILITY; LANGUAGE AB We present a novel optimization problem for discrete event control, similar in spirit to the optimal parametric control problem common in statistical process control. In our problem, we assume a known finite state machine plant model G defined over an event alphabet Sigma so that the plant model language L = L-M(G) is prefix closed. We further assume the existence of a base control structure M-K, which may be either a finite state machine or a deterministic pushdown machine. If K = L-M (M-K), we assume K is prefix closed and that K subset of L. We associate each controllable transition of M-K with a binary variable X-1,..., X-n indicating whether the transition is enabled or not This leads to a function MK (Xi,...,X-n), that returns a new control specification depending upon the values of X-1,...,X-n. We exhibit a branch-and-bound algorithm to solve the optimization problem min x(1),..., x(n) max(w epsilon K) C(W) such that M-K(X-1,...,X-n) satisfies II and L-M(M-K(X-1,...,X-n)) epsilon C(L). Here H is a set of logical assertions on the structure of M-K(X-1,X-...,X-n), and M-K(X-1,...,X-n) satisfies II indicates that M-K (X-1,..., X-n) satisfies the logical assertions; and, C (L) is the set of controllable sublanguages of L-1. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Griffin, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6418, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 1166 EP 1171 DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586650 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261500195 ER PT S AU Griffin, C AF Griffin, Christopher GP IEEE TI Exception handling controllers: An application of pushdown systems to discrete event control SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID SUPERVISORY CONTROL; CONTROLLABILITY; LANGUAGE AB Recent work by the author has extended the Supervisory Control Theory to include the class of control languages defined by pushdown machines. A pushdown machine is a finite state machine extended by an infinite stack memory. In this paper, we define a specific type of deterministic pushdown machine that is particularly useful as a discrete event controller. Checking controllability of pushdown machines requires computing the complement of the controller machine. We show that Exception Handling Controllers have the property that algorithms for taking their complements and determining their prefix closures are nearly identical to the algorithms available for finite state machines. Further, they exhibit an important property that makes checking for controllability extremely simple. Hence, they maintain the simplicity of the finite state machine, while providing the extra power associated with a pushdown stack memory. We provide an example of a useful control specification that cannot be implemented using a finite state machine, but can be implemented using an Exception Handling Controller(1). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Griffin, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6418, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 1722 EP 1727 DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4586740 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261501065 ER PT S AU Siranosian, AA Krstic, M Smyshlyaev, A Bement, M AF Siranosian, Antranik A. Krstic, Miroslav Smyshlyaev, Andrey Bement, Matt GP IEEE TI Motion planning and tracking for tip displacement and deflection angle for flexible beams SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID FEEDBACK AB We present results for motion planning and tracking for flexible beams with Kelvin-Voigt damping, when the goal is to track sinusoidal reference signals for the displacement and deflection angle at the free-end of the beam using only actuation at the base. We present the solution to the motion planning problem for the string model, and a method of leveraging the string solution with PDE backstepping theory to solve the motion planning problem for the shear beam. We then present state-feedback boundary controllers that stabilize their respective systems around the motion planning solution. C1 [Siranosian, Antranik A.; Krstic, Miroslav; Smyshlyaev, Andrey] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bement, Matt] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Siranosian, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM asiranosian@ucsd.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 4023 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587122 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261503011 ER PT S AU Griffin, C Brooks, RR Schwier, J AF Griffin, Christopher Brooks, Richard R. Schwier, Jason GP IEEE TI Determining a purely symbolic transfer function from symbol streams: Theory and algorithms SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE AB Transfer function modeting is a standard technique in classical Linear Time Invariant and Statistical Process Control. The work of Box and Jenkins was seminal in developing methods for identifying parameters associated with classical (r, s, k) transfer functions. Discrete event systems are often used for modeling hybrid control structures and high-level decision problems. Examples include discrete time, discrete strategy repeated games. For these games, a discrete transfer function in the form of an accurate hidden Markov model of input-output relations could be used to derive optimal response strategies. In this paper, we develop an algorithm for creating probabilistic Mealy machines that act as transfer function models for discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS). Our models are defined by three parameters, (l(1); l(2), k) just as the Box-Jenkins transfer function models. Here l(1) is the maximal input history lengths to consider, l(2) is the maximal output history lengths to consider and k is the response lag. Using related results, We show that our Mealy machine transfer functions are optimal in the sense that they maximize the mutual information between the current known state of the DEDS and the next observed input/output pair(1). C1 [Griffin, Christopher] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6418, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Brooks, Richard R.; Schwier, Jason] Clemson Univ, Holcombe Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Griffin, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6418, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cgriffin@psu.edu; rrb@acm.org; jschwie@clemson.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-C-0022]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, Contract N00014-06-C-0022. Portions of Dr. Griffins work were performed as a Eugene P. Wigner Fellow and staff member at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 4065 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587129 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261503018 ER PT S AU Santarelli, KR Dahleh, MA AF Santarelli, Keith R. Dahleh, Munther A. GP IEEE TI Comparison of a switching controller to two LTI controllers for a class of LTI plants SO 2008 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-12 SE Proceedings of the American Control Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference 2008 CY JUN 11-13, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP IEEE ID STABILIZATION; SYSTEMS AB We consider the design of three different control architectures for a step response tracking problem within a class of linear, time-invariant plants. Our goal is to motivate the use of a particular switching architecture that has been the subject of our prior work. We show the design of the particular switching architecture that we use and characterize its step response performance (measured in terms of the percentage overshoot and 1% settling time). We then compare the response of the switching controller to two other forms of LTI control in a servo configuration, one in which the order of the controller is unconstrained, and one in which the order of the controller is constrained to be first order (which matches the order of the dynamics of the switching controller). We shall show that, while the LTI control of unconstrained order can outperform the switching architecture, the performance improvement is bounded (in a sense to be defined). Moreover, one method of designing close-to-optimal controllers shall be discussed which yields controllers of very high order. We shall also show that the switching architecture can outperform first order LTI control and shall illustrate this via a particular design example. C1 [Santarelli, Keith R.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dahleh, Munther A.] MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Santarelli, KR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM krsanta@sandia.gov; dahleh@mit.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 978-1-4244-2078-0 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2008 BP 4640 EP + DI 10.1109/ACC.2008.4587227 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIG00 UT WOS:000259261503116 ER PT S AU Few, D Smart, WD Bruemmer, D Neilsen, C AF Few, Douglas Smart, William D. Bruemmer, David Neilsen, Curtis GP IEEE TI "Seamless Autonomy": Removing Autonomy Level Stratifications SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Eurographics Technical Report Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Conference on Human System Interactions CY MAY 25-27, 2008 CL Kracow, POLAND SP IEEE ID HUMAN-ROBOT INTERACTION AB The dispatching of robots into mission critical environments is becoming more and more commonplace a hardware evolves to a level of ruggedness demanded in these scenarios. Despite the advances in hardware platforms, novel control strategies to support effective human-robot interaction languish behind. Researchers at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and Washington University in St. Louis have been working to bridge the gap between current robotic hardware readiness and its lack of efficient system usability. In 2007 the INL successfully deployed commercial off the shelf (COTS) robots targeted to Military and Hazmat Team usage outfitted with an intelligence payload in a series of chemical, biological, radiologic, nuclear, explosive (CBRNE) detection exercises using domain area experts from the V Navy Explosive Ordinance Disposal Command and the U! Armys Chemical School at Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri. This paper examines the primitive behaviors that comprise the intelligent navigation payload used in the exercises. It also discusses Seamless Autonomy, a robot control strategy that blends the users knowledge of the task requirement with the robot's interpretation of the local environment, providing more appropriate task allocation between human and robot Seamless autonomy simplifies the user's interaction with the system by removing the need for the user to understand the individual behaviors or when they should be used. Instead the user is enabled to think in terms of the task goals. C1 [Few, Douglas; Smart, William D.] Washington Univ, Media & Machines Lab, St Louis, MO USA. [Bruemmer, David; Neilsen, Curtis] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Few, D (reprint author), Washington Univ, Media & Machines Lab, St Louis, MO USA. EM dafew@cse.wustl.edu; wds@cse.wustl.edu; david.bruemmer@inl.gov; curtis.neilsen@inl.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1017-4656 BN 978-1-4244-1542-7 J9 EUROGR TECH REP SER PY 2008 BP 452 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BII67 UT WOS:000259867600082 ER PT B AU Haynam, CA Wegner, PJ Heestand, GM Moses, E Sacks, RA Bowers, MW Dixit, SN Erbert, GV Henesian, MA Hermann, MR Jancaitis, KS Knittel, K Kohut, T Manes, KR Marshall, CD Mehta, NC Menapace, J Murray, JR Nostrand, MC Orth, CD Patterson, R Saunders, R Shaw, MJ Spaeth, M Sutton, SB Williams, WH Widmayer, CC White, RK Yang, ST Van Wonterghem, BM AF Haynam, C. A. Wegner, P. J. Heestand, G. M. Moses, E. Sacks, R. A. Bowers, M. W. Dixit, S. N. Erbert, G. V. Henesian, M. A. Hermann, M. R. Jancaitis, K. S. Knittel, K. Kohut, T. Manes, K. R. Marshall, C. D. Mehta, N. C. Menapace, J. Murray, J. R. Nostrand, M. C. Orth, C. D. Patterson, R. Saunders, R. Shaw, M. J. Spaeth, M. Sutton, S. B. Williams, W. H. Widmayer, C. C. White, R. K. Yang, S. T. Van Wonterghem, B. M. GP IEEE TI The National Ignition Facility: Status and Performance of the World's Largest Laser System for the High Energy Density and Inertial Confinement Fusion SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been designed to support a wide variety of high energy density science (BEDS) experiments, including the demonstration of inertial fusion ignition and burn. To meet this goal, its 192-beam frequency-converted neodymium-glass laser must deliver up to 1.8-MJ total energy at 351nm, with peak power of 500 TW and precisely-controlled temporal pulse shapes spanning two orders of magnitude. Over the past two years, a series of detailed measurements have been performed on one beamline of the NIF laser at 1 omega(1053nm), 2 omega(526.5nm), and 3 omega(351 nm). Results of these experiments lend confidence to the expectation that NIF will meet its laser performance design criteria and that it will be able to simultaneously deliver the temporal pulse shaping, focal spot conditioning, peak power, shot-to-shot reproducibility, and power balance required for indirect-drive fusion ignition campaigns. The NIT final optics system has also been demonstrated to be capable of operating at 2w energies of up to 17.9kJ/beamline-3.4MJ for a similarly configured 192-beam NIF. We discuss the status of NIF commissioning, and the nature and results of these measurement campaigns. C1 [Haynam, C. A.; Wegner, P. J.; Heestand, G. M.; Moses, E.; Sacks, R. A.; Bowers, M. W.; Dixit, S. N.; Erbert, G. V.; Henesian, M. A.; Hermann, M. R.; Jancaitis, K. S.; Knittel, K.; Kohut, T.; Manes, K. R.; Marshall, C. D.; Mehta, N. C.; Menapace, J.; Murray, J. R.; Nostrand, M. C.; Orth, C. D.; Patterson, R.; Saunders, R.; Shaw, M. J.; Spaeth, M.; Sutton, S. B.; Williams, W. H.; Widmayer, C. C.; White, R. K.; Yang, S. T.; Van Wonterghem, B. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Haynam, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM haynam1@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 204 EP 205 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400103 ER PT B AU Smith, AV Hadley, GR Farrow, RL Do, BT AF Smith, A. V. Hadley, G. R. Farrow, R. L. Do, B. T. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Optical Limits to Power in Fiber Amplifiers SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Stimulated Brillouin scattering, stimulated Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, self phase modulation, self focusing, and optical dielectric breakdown limit the power obtainable from fiber amplifiers. We explore the limits on nanosecond pulse amplification in LMA fibers. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Smith, A. V.; Hadley, G. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Farrow, R. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Do, B. T.] Ball Aerosp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 220 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400111 ER PT B AU Kim, KY Taylor, AJ Rodriguez, G AF Kim, K. Y. Taylor, A. J. Rodriguez, G. GP IEEE TI Intense THz Supercontinuum Generation in Femtosecond Laser-Gas Interactions SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID TERAHERTZ-EMISSION; PULSES; AIR AB Intense coherent THz radiation from two-color laser interactions with various gas species is examined. Peak THz energy of >4.5 mu J per pulse with a bandwidth in excess of 70 THz is routinely produced. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, K. Y.; Taylor, A. J.; Rodriguez, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, KY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kykim@lanl.gov RI Rodriguez, George/G-7571-2012 OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 274 EP 275 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400138 ER PT B AU Wu, SSQ Soules, TF Page, RH Mtchell, SC Kanz, VK Beach, RJ AF Wu, Sheldon S. Q. Soules, Thomas F. Page, Ralph H. Mtchell, Scoff C. Kanz, V. Keith Beach, Raymond J. GP IEEE TI Developments toward a reliable diode-pumped hydrocarbon-free 795-nm rubidium laser SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID VAPOR AB We report a 795-nm diode-pumpable Rb laser using a buffer gas of pure (3)He. (3)He gas enhances mixing of the Rb fine-structure levels. This enables efficient lasing at reduced He pressures and improved thermal management. C1 [Wu, Sheldon S. Q.; Soules, Thomas F.; Page, Ralph H.; Mtchell, Scoff C.; Kanz, V. Keith; Beach, Raymond J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wu, SSQ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wu31@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400146 ER PT B AU Peralta, XG Arrington, CL Wanke, MC Brener, I Williams, JD Smirnova, E Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF Strikwerda, A Averitt, RD Padilla, WJ AF Peralta, X. G. Arrington, C. L. Wanke, M. C. Brener, I. Williams, J. D. Smirnova, E. Taylor, A. J. O'Hara, J. F. Strikwerda, A. Averitt, R. D. Padilla, W. J. GP IEEE TI Flexible, Large-Area Metamaterials Fabricated on Thin Silicon Nitride Membranes SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We present terahertz metamaterials fabricated on large-area, free-standing thin (<= 1 mu m) silicon nitride membranes with the aim of reducing dielectric losses, enhancing metamaterial sensing capabilities, and enabling flexible and conformable designs. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Peralta, X. G.; Arrington, C. L.; Wanke, M. C.; Brener, I.; Williams, J. D.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Peralta, X. G.; Brener, I.] CINT SNL, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Smirnova, E.] ISR 6, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Taylor, A. J.; O'Hara, J. F.] CINT, Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Strikwerda, A.; Averitt, R. D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Padilla, W. J.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Peralta, XG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA.; Peralta, XG (reprint author), CINT SNL, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM xgperal@sandia.gov RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008; Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847; Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 314 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400158 ER PT B AU Lindenberg, AM Wen, H Szilagyi, E AF Lindenberg, A. M. Wen, H. Szilagyi, E. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear THz-pump/THz-probe measurements of semiconductor carrier dynamics SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION AB A table-top THz source has been employed to study the nonlinear response of semiconductors to near-half-cycle femtosecond pulses. We report nonlinear field-induced changes in the far infrared absorption coefficient, associated with impact ionization processes. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Lindenberg, A. M.; Wen, H.; Szilagyi, E.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Lindenberg, AM (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PULSE Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aaronl@slac.stanford.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 322 EP 323 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400162 ER PT B AU Raymondson, DA Sandberg, RL La-o-vorakiat, C Paul, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Schlotter, WF AF Raymondson, D. A. Sandberg, R. L. La-o-vorakiat, C. Paul, A. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Schlotter, W. F. GP IEEE TI Multiple Reference Fourier Transform Holography using Coherent High-Harmonic Soft-X-Rays SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate multiple reference Fourier transform holography with coherent soft x-rays from a tabletop high harmonic source for the first time. Simple reconstruction using a two dimensional Fourier Transform shows a 90nm resolution. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Raymondson, D. A.; Sandberg, R. L.; La-o-vorakiat, C.; Paul, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Raymondson, D. A.; Sandberg, R. L.; La-o-vorakiat, C.; Paul, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schlotter, W. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schlotter, W. F.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Raymondson, DA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Daisy.Raymondson@Colorado.EDU RI Sandberg, Richard/F-8790-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 394 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400198 ER PT B AU Chen, HT Lu, H Azad, AK O'Hara, JE Gossard, AC Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ AF Chen, Hou-Tong Lu, Hong Azad, Abul K. O'Hara, John E. Gossard, Arthur C. Averitt, Richard D. Taylor, Antoinette J. GP IEEE TI Electronically Switchable Extraordinary Terahertz Transmission through Metallic Hole Arrays Fabricated on a Semiconductor Substrate SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrated electronically switchable extraordinary terahertz transmission through sub-wavelength metallic hole arrays fabricated on doped semiconductor substrates. A reverse voltage bias results in a controllable depletion thus tuning the substrate loss and switching the transmission. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; Azad, Abul K.; O'Hara, John E.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINT, MPA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINT, MPA, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lan1.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 412 EP 413 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400207 ER PT B AU Phillips, MC Ho, N AF Phillips, Mark C. Ho, Nicolas GP IEEE TI Fast Hyperspectral Imaging Using a Mid-Infrared Tunable External Cavity Quantum Cascade Laser SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID SPECTROSCOPY AB A hyperspectral imaging system using an external cavity quantum cascade laser and a focal plane array acquiring images at 25 Hz from 985 cm(-1) to 1075 cm(-1) with a resolution of 0.3 cm(-1) is demonstrated. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Phillips, Mark C.; Ho, Nicolas] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Phillips, MC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM markphillips@pnl.gov; nicolas.ho@pnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 508 EP 509 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400255 ER PT B AU Rambo, P Schwarz, J Kimmel, M Atherton, B Bergstrom, A Flusche, B AF Rambo, Patrick Schwarz, Jens Kimmel, Mark Atherton, Briggs Bergstrom, Austin Flusche, Brian GP IEEE TI Development of high damage threshold apodizers for laser applications SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Using laser ablation of a transmissive fused silica window, high damage threshold apodizers were produced in order to modify the spatial and amplitude profile of a high energy laser beam. C1 [Rambo, Patrick; Schwarz, Jens; Kimmel, Mark; Atherton, Briggs] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Bergstrom, Austin; Flusche, Brian] US Air Force Acad, Dept Phys, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. RP Rambo, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM prambo@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04- 94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 654 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400328 ER PT B AU Li, YL AF Li, Yuelin GP IEEE TI Shortening of Laser Pulses at the Focus of a Chromatic Lens SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID FRONT DISTORTION AB We show that a long self-modulated laser pulse can be shortened at the focus of a chromatic lens as the result of a destructive superposition of the field due to the radius-dependent group delay. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Yuelin] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ylli@aps.anl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 690 EP 691 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400346 ER PT B AU He, F Hung, HSS Daga, NK Naz, N Prawiharjo, J Price, JHV Hanna, DC Shepherd, DP Richardson, DJ Dawson, JW Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF He, F. Hung, H. S. S. Daga, N. K. Naz, N. Prawiharjo, J. Price, J. H. V. Hanna, D. C. Shepherd, D. P. Richardson, D. J. Dawson, J. W. Siders, C. W. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI High energy femtosecond fiber chirped pulse amplification system with adaptive phase control SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate threefold increased autocorrelation peak from an Yb-fiber CPA system operating with strong self-phase modulation by pre-shaping the pulse spectral-phase. The adaptive control loop used feedback from the output autocorrelation. High-quality 800 fs, 65 mu J recompressed pulses were produced. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [He, F.; Hung, H. S. S.; Daga, N. K.; Naz, N.; Prawiharjo, J.; Price, J. H. V.; Hanna, D. C.; Shepherd, D. P.; Richardson, D. J.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Dawson, J. W.; Siders, C. W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP He, F (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM feh@orc.soton.ac.uk RI Shepherd, David/I-2823-2015; Richardson, David/N-5129-2014 OI Shepherd, David/0000-0002-4561-8184; Richardson, David/0000-0002-4092-6970 FU Royal Academy of Engineering/EPSRC research fellowship, and the project is funded by EPSRC, UK. FX We are grateful to J. Mills (ORC) for assistance with pulse characterisation. J. Price is supported by a Royal Academy of Engineering/EPSRC research fellowship, and the project is funded by EPSRC, UK. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 815 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400409 ER PT B AU Wasserman, D Shaner, EA Cederberg, JG AF Wasserman, D. Shaner, E. A. Cederberg, J. G. GP IEEE TI Electrically Tunable Mid-Infrared Extraordinary Optical Transmission Gratings SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Active control over the resonant frequency of a surface plasmon excitation is demonstrated. Tunable semiconductor-based extraordinary optical transmission gratings were fabricated, designed for transmission between 7 and 10 mu m, showing a tuning range of over 25cm(-1). (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Wasserman, D.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Shaner, E. A.; Cederberg, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wasserman, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's Na tional Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 825 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400414 ER PT B AU Schaffers, KI Menapace, JA Bayramian, AJ Davis, PJ Ebbers, CA Wolfe, JE Caird, JA Barty, CPJ AF Schaffers, K. I. Menapace, J. A. Bayramian, A. J. Davis, P. J. Ebbers, C. A. Wolfe, J. E. Caird, J. A. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI MRF: Engineering Large-Scale Crystals for Improved Wavefront SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Magneto-rheological finishing techniques have been applied to Yb:S-FAP and Ti:sapphire crystals to compensate for submillimeter distortions; improving the transmitted wavefront (10x) and increasing the availability of large aperture parts (>10 cm). (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Schaffers, K. I.; Menapace, J. A.; Bayramian, A. J.; Davis, P. J.; Ebbers, C. A.; Wolfe, J. E.; Caird, J. A.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schaffers, KI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-482, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM schaffers1@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 831 EP 832 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400417 ER PT B AU Armstrong, JP Bayramian, AJ Campbell, RW Dawson, JW Ebbers, CA Freitas, BL Lanning, RK Kent, RA Peterson, NL Schaffers, KI Schenkel, N Telford, SJ Utterback, EJ Caird, JA Barty, CPJ AF Armstrong, J. P. Bayramian, A. J. Campbell, R. W. Dawson, J. W. Ebbers, C. A. Freitas, B. L. Lanning, R. K. Kent, R. A. Peterson, N. L. Schaffers, K. I. Schenkel, N. Telford, S. J. Utterback, E. J. Caird, J. A. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI High Energy Hybrid Fiber - Yb:SFAP Laser with Dynamic Spectral and Temporal Pulse Shaping SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We have commissioned a turnkey 500mJ, 10Hz front end laser. The system delivers temporally and spectrally tailored pulses to correct signal distortions within itself or subsequent amplifiers from single longitudinal mode to 250GHz RF bandwidth. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Armstrong, J. P.; Bayramian, A. J.; Campbell, R. W.; Dawson, J. W.; Ebbers, C. A.; Freitas, B. L.; Lanning, R. K.; Kent, R. A.; Peterson, N. L.; Schaffers, K. I.; Schenkel, N.; Telford, S. J.; Utterback, E. J.; Caird, J. A.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Armstrong, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L 479, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM armstrong16@llnl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 937 EP 938 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400470 ER PT B AU Castaing, M Balembois, F Georges, P Georges, T Schaffers, K Tassano, J AF Castaing, Marc Balembois, Francois Georges, Patrick Georges, Thierry Schaffers, Kathleen Tassano, John GP IEEE TI First indirectly diode pumped Yb:SFAP laser, Reaching the watt level at 985 nm SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID YAG LASER AB We present the first demonstration of the three-level-laser transition at 985nm in an Yb:S-FAP crystal intracavity pumped at 914nm. We obtained 940mW output power at 985nm for 20W incident pump power at 808nm. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Castaing, Marc; Balembois, Francois; Georges, Patrick] Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Lab Charles Fabry, Inst Opt, Campus Polytech,RD128, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. [Castaing, Marc; Georges, Thierry] Oxxius SA, F-22300 Lannion, France. [Schaffers, Kathleen; Tassano, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Castaing, M (reprint author), Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Lab Charles Fabry, Inst Opt, Campus Polytech,RD128, F-91127 Palaiseau, France. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 939 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400471 ER PT B AU Efimov, A AF Efimov, Anatoly GP IEEE TI Visualizing Ultrafast Nonlinear Dynamics with X-FROG SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; GENERATION; WAVE AB Cross-correlation FROG is a versatile tool for observing complex nonlinear dynamics in waveguides. Structures ranging from femtosecond solitons to continuous waves to supercontinua as well as their interactions can be visualized in time-frequency simultaneously. (C)2007 Optical Society of America C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MPA CINT, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM efimov@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1041 EP 1042 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400522 ER PT B AU Moore, SW Koplow, JP Hansen, A Wien, G Kliner, DAV AF Moore, Sean W. Koplow, Jeffrey P. Hansen, Andrea Wien, Georg Kliner, Dahv A. V. GP IEEE TI Embedded-Mirror Side Pumping of Double-Clad Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Embedded-mirror side pumping enables fabrication of compact, efficient fiber sources using a variety of pump sources. It is the only method capable of employing the output of an unformatted diode bar. We discuss recent progress. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Moore, Sean W.; Koplow, Jeffrey P.; Hansen, Andrea; Wien, Georg; Kliner, Dahv A. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moore, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9056, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM dakline@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1069 EP 1070 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400536 ER PT B AU Farrow, RL Moore, SW Schrader, PE Smith, AV AF Farrow, R. L. Moore, S. W. Schrader, P. E. Smith, A. V. GP IEEE TI Numerical Simulations of Yb3+-Doped, Pulsed Fiber Amplifiers: Comparison with Experiment SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We have developed a numerical simulation of cw-pumped Yb3+-doped fiber amplifiers seeded by pulses at 1064 nm. Results compare well to measurements of longitudinal upper-level ion populations and of output pulse energy versus pump power. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Farrow, R. L.; Moore, S. W.; Schrader, P. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Smith, A. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Farrow, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM farrow@sandia.gov; seamoor@sandia.gov; peschra@sandia.gov; arlsmit@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development, Sandia National Laboratories, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Work supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development, Sandia National Laboratories, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors wish to thank Dahv A.V. Kliner, Sandia National Laboratories, for many insightful discussions. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1077 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400540 ER PT B AU Jamshidi, A Pauzauskie, PJ Ohta, AT Huang, JX Neale, S Hsu, HY Valley, J Yang, PD Wu, MC AF Jamshidi, Arash Pauzauskie, Peter J. Ohta, Aaron T. Huang, Jiaxing Neale, Steven Hsu, Hsan-Yin Valley, Justin Yang, Peidong Wu, Ming C. GP IEEE TI Study of the dipole-dipole interaction between metallic nanowires trapped using optoelectronic tweezers (OET) SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We present a study of dipole-dipole interaction between silver nanowires trapped using optoelectronic tweezers. Measurement of the maximum repulsion force between nanowires and self-assembly of nanowires to achieve the lowest potential energy configuration are demonstrated. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Jamshidi, Arash; Ohta, Aaron T.; Neale, Steven; Hsu, Hsan-Yin; Valley, Justin; Wu, Ming C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pauzauskie, Peter J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. [Huang, Jiaxing; Yang, Peidong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA USA. [Yang, Peidong] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Jamshidi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM arash@eecs.berkeley.edu RI Huang, Jiaxing/B-7521-2009; Neale, Steven/D-1937-2009 OI Neale, Steven/0000-0002-4588-276X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1089 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400546 ER PT B AU Heebner, JE Sarantos, CH AF Heebner, John E. Sarantos, Chris H. GP IEEE TI All-Optical Streak Camera SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID BEAM DEFLECTION; MODULATION; PULSES; WAVE AB We demonstrate a novel, ultrafast measurement technique based on optical beam deflection in a planar waveguide through the activation of an array of transient prisms for high-dynamic-range, single-shot recording with 2.5 ps resolution. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Heebner, John E.; Sarantos, Chris H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heebner, JE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM heebner@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1262 EP 1263 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400633 ER PT B AU Bennett, CV Moran, BD Langrock, C Fejer, MM Ibsen, M AF Bennett, Corey V. Moran, Bryan D. Langrock, Carsten Fejer, M. M. Ibsen, Morten GP IEEE TI 640 GHz Real-Time Recording Using Temporal Imaging SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID MAGNIFICATION; MICROSCOPE AB 640 GHz chirped beat waves are recorded on a real-time scope and 2.2 ps pulses are recorded on a single-shot streak camera with 1000:1 dynamic range after -30x time magnification. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Bennett, Corey V.; Moran, Bryan D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bennett, CV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM CVBenneu@LLNL.gov RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1272 EP 1273 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400638 ER PT B AU O'Hara, JF Smirnova, E Azad, AK Chen, HT Taylor, AJ AF O'Hara, John F. Smirnova, Evgenya Azad, Abul K. Chen, Hou-Tong Taylor, Antoinette J. GP IEEE TI A Circuit Model for Terahertz Metafdms and Effective Medium Implications SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB A lumped-element circuit model is shown to accurately describe the behavior of terahertz metafilms, or planar metamaterials. The model provides insight into the proper application of effective medium approximations in determining metafilm constitutive parameters. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [O'Hara, John F.; Azad, Abul K.; Chen, Hou-Tong; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663,MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Smirnova, Evgenya] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663,MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1335 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400670 ER PT B AU Azad, AK Chen, HT Akhadov, E Weisse-Bernstein, NR Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF AF Azad, Abul K. Chen, Hou-Tong Akhadov, Elshan Weisse-Bernstein, Nina R. Taylor, Antoinette J. O'Hara, John F. GP IEEE TI Multi-Layer Planar Terahertz Electric Metamaterials on Flexible Substrates SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Planar electric metamaterials fabricated on thin, flexible substrates are studied using terahertz-time domain spectroscopy. Transmission measurements are performed to analyze dielectric properties on single and multiple stacked samples and reveal strong resonances at 1.2 THz. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Azad, Abul K.; Chen, Hou-Tong; Akhadov, Elshan; Weisse-Bernstein, Nina R.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Azad, AK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1339 EP 1340 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400672 ER PT B AU Acuna, GP Kuchler, F Kersting, R Chen, HT Taylor, AJ Gossard, AC AF Acuna, Guillermo P. Kuchler, Florian Kersting, Roland Chen, Hou-Tong Taylor, Antoinette J. Gossard, Arthur C. GP IEEE TI Terahertz near field microscopy of metamaterials SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We apply terahertz microscopy for studying metamaterials with resonances in the terahertz band. The data provide insight into the metamaterial's local response on scales much smaller than the unit cell of the structure. C1 [Acuna, Guillermo P.; Kuchler, Florian; Kersting, Roland] Univ Munich, Photon & Optoelect Grp, Amalienstr 54, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Chen, Hou-Tong; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Mat Phy & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gossard, Arthur C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Acuna, GP (reprint author), Univ Munich, Photon & Optoelect Grp, Amalienstr 54, D-80799 Munich, Germany. EM roland.kersting@physik.uni-muenchen.de RI Acuna, Guillermo/L-8169-2016 OI Acuna, Guillermo/0000-0001-8066-2677 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1341 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400673 ER PT B AU Peralta, XG Brener, I Azad, A Smirnova, E Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF AF Peralta, X. G. Brener, I. Azad, A. Smirnova, E. Taylor, A. J. O'Hara, J. F. GP IEEE TI THz Polarimetric Metamaterials SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a THz-metamaterial that exhibits a frequency selective resonant response based on the polarization of the incident field. The metamaterial is based on a asymmetric split-ring resonator structure. A polarization-insensitive design is also presented. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Peralta, X. G.; Brener, I.] Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, POB 5800,MS1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Azad, A.; Taylor, A. J.; O'Hara, J. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Smirnova, E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peralta, XG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, CINT, POB 5800,MS1082, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM xgperal@sandia.gov RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1343 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400674 ER PT B AU Keeler, GA Serkland, DK Hsu, AY Geib, KM Overberg, ME Klem, JF AF Keeler, Gordon A. Serkland, Darwin K. Hsu, Alan Y. Geib, Kent M. Overberg, Mark E. Klem, John F. GP IEEE TI High-Speed Switching of a 1.55-mu m Symmetric SEED SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID ELECTROOPTIC EFFECT DEVICE; GATE; MODULATOR AB We demonstrate high-speed switching of a symmetric self-electrooptic effect device (S-SEED) operating at 1550 nm. Transitions faster than 10 ps are observed, verifying the suitability of this technology for integrated logic operations beyond 40 GHz. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Keeler, Gordon A.; Serkland, Darwin K.; Hsu, Alan Y.; Geib, Kent M.; Overberg, Mark E.; Klem, John F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Keeler, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gakeele@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1451 EP 1452 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400728 ER PT B AU O'Hara, JF Singh, R Peralta, XG Brener, I Shaner, EA Branch, DW Han, J Taylor, AJ Zhang, W AF O'Hara, John F. Singh, Ranjan Peralta, Xomalin G. Brener, Igal Shaner, Eric A. Branch, Darren W. Han, Jiaguang Taylor, Antoinette J. Zhang, Weili GP IEEE TI Thin-film Sensing with Terahertz Split-ring Resonators SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID DNA AB We investigate the limitations of using THz metamaterials as thin-film chem-bio sensors, by depositing dielectric overlayers onto split-ring resonator arrays. We also study resonance shifts by conjugating biomolecules using avidin/silane linkers attached to the resonators. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [O'Hara, John F.; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663,MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Singh, Ranjan; Han, Jiaguang; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Peralta, Xomalin G.; Brener, Igal; Shaner, Eric A.; Branch, Darren W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP O'Hara, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663,MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Peralta, Xomalin/F-3710-2014 OI Peralta, Xomalin/0000-0002-4034-3214 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1475 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400740 ER PT B AU Broege, DW Coffee, RN Bucksbaum, PH AF Broege, D. W. Coffee, R. N. Bucksbaum, P. H. GP IEEE TI Impulsive Alignment of Hot, Centrifugally Distorted, Molecules SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID INDUCED POLARIZATION SPECTROSCOPY AB We achieve impulsive alignment in a 400K sample of diatomic iodine. Polarization measurements of rotational wave-packet revivals reveal dispersed oscillatory structures. These structures are due to centrifugal distortion resulting from the high temperature. (C) Optical Society of America C1 [Broege, D. W.; Bucksbaum, P. H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Coffee, R. N.; Bucksbaum, P. H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Broege, DW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dbroege@stanford.edu NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1770 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400888 ER PT B AU Prasankumar, RP Choi, SG Wang, GT Picraux, ST Taylor, AJ AF Prasankumar, R. P. Choi, S. G. Wang, G. T. Picraux, S. T. Taylor, A. J. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanowires SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID GERMANIUM; GROWTH AB Ultrafast wavelength-tunable optical measurements on semiconductor nanowires allow us to independently probe the dynamics of electrons, holes, and defect states. These investigations reveal the influence of two-dimensional confinement on carrier dynamics in these nanosystems. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Prasankumar, R. P.; Choi, S. G.; Picraux, S. T.; Taylor, A. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, G. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Prasankumar, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rpprasan@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1796 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400901 ER PT B AU Toth, C Nakamura, K Gonsalves, A Panasenko, D Matlis, N Geddes, CGR Schroeder, CB Esarey, E Leemans, WP AF Toth, C. Nakamura, K. Gonsalves, A. Panasenko, D. Matlis, N. Geddes, C. G. R. Schroeder, C. B. Esarey, E. Leemans, W. P. GP IEEE TI 1 GeV Electron Beams from a Laser-Driven Channel-Guided Accelerator SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB GeV-class electron beams generated from laser wakefield accelerator with 40 TW laser pulses using a 33 mm hydrogen-based capillary discharge waveguide. Stable 0.5 GeV e-beams can produce bright radiation from THz to x-rays. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Toth, C.; Nakamura, K.; Gonsalves, A.; Panasenko, D.; Matlis, N.; Geddes, C. G. R.; Schroeder, C. B.; Esarey, E.; Leemans, W. P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Toth, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, LOASIS Program, MS 71-259,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ctoth@lbl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1971 EP 1972 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400989 ER PT B AU Humble, TS Bennink, RS Grice, WP AF Humble, Travis S. Bennink, Ryan S. Grice, Warren P. GP IEEE TI Simultaneous Teleportation of the Spectral and Polarization States of a Photon SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID QUANTUM TELEPORTATION AB We describe how spectrally multimode, polarization-entangled photons simultaneously teleport quantum information encoded into the spectral and polarization degrees of freedom of a single photon using sum frequency generation to implement a Bell-state measurement. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Humble, Travis S.; Bennink, Ryan S.; Grice, Warren P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Humble, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM humblets@ornl.gov; benninkrs@ornl.gov; gricew@ornl.gov RI Grice, Warren/L-8466-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2383 EP 2384 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401182 ER PT B AU Li, YL Nemeth, K Cary, J AF Li, Yuelin Nemeth, Karoly Cary, John GP IEEE TI Beam Slowing Down in a Laser Plasma Accelerator by Laser-Induced Betatron Oscillation SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID ELECTRON-BEAMS AB The beam in a laser wakefield can be slowed down by laser-induced, large-amplitude betatron oscillation, leading to potential larger dephasing length between the beam and the wake field and in turn a higher beam energy. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Yuelin; Nemeth, Karoly] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2495 EP 2496 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401238 ER PT B AU Cardoza, D Florean, A White, J Sension, R Bucksbaum, P AF Cardoza, David Florean, Andrei White, James Sension, Roseanne Bucksbaum, Philip GP IEEE TI Probing Excited State Dynamics of Retinal Isomerization in Bacteriorhodopsin SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID FEMTOSECOND AB We study the effects of excitation pulse intensity, chirp and bandwidth on the ultrafast dynamics of retinal isomerization in bacteriorhodopsin. Variation of these parameters alters the decay times of the I and J conformations. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 [Cardoza, David; Florean, Andrei; White, James; Sension, Roseanne; Bucksbaum, Philip] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Cardoza, David; Florean, Andrei; White, James; Sension, Roseanne; Bucksbaum, Philip] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Cardoza, David; Florean, Andrei; White, James; Sension, Roseanne; Bucksbaum, Philip] SLAC, PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Cardoza, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dcardoza@stanford.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2509 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401245 ER PT B AU Rambo, P Schwarz, J Geissel, M Brambrink, E Edens, A Kimmel, M Atherton, B AF Rambo, Patrick Schwarz, Jens Geissel, Matthias Brambrink, Erik Edens, Aaron Kimmel, Mark Atherton, Briggs GP IEEE TI The Z-Petawatt Laser at Sandia National Laboratories SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Performance characteristics and first experiments on Sandia's Z-Petawatt (ZPW) laser will be presented. This system will provide enhanced backlighting capabilities on the Z-Accelerator by achieving multi 10 keV x-rays in less than a picosecond. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Rambo, Patrick; Schwarz, Jens; Geissel, Matthias; Brambrink, Erik; Edens, Aaron; Kimmel, Mark; Atherton, Briggs] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rambo, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1193, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM prambo@sandia.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2515 EP 2516 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401248 ER PT B AU Crane, JK Page, RH Shverdin, MY Messerly, MJ Nissen, JD Kanz, VK Dawson, JW Shaw, BH Shih, G Siders, CW Barty, CPJ AF Crane, John K. Page, Ralph H. Shverdin, Miro Y. Messerly, Mike J. Nissen, James D. Kanz, V. Keith Dawson, Jay W. Shaw, Brian H. Shih, Grace Siders, Craig W. Barty, C. P. J. GP IEEE TI a Group delay measurement for balancing dispersion in complex stretcher-compressor systems SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB The phase-shift technique for measuring group-delay has novel applications for aligning and commissioning grating compressors and balancing dispersion in Large, high-energy petawatt and other complex, chirped-pulse amplifier systems. C1 [Crane, John K.; Page, Ralph H.; Shverdin, Miro Y.; Messerly, Mike J.; Nissen, James D.; Kanz, V. Keith; Dawson, Jay W.; Siders, Craig W.; Barty, C. P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shaw, Brian H.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Shih, Grace] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Crane, JK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM crane1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Liver more National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Liver more National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2519 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401250 ER PT B AU Buric, MP Falk, J Chen, K Woodruff, S AF Buric, M. P. Falk, J. Chen, K. Woodruff, S. GP IEEE TI Enhanced Spontaneous Raman Scattering using a Photonic Crystal Fiber SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB The output power from spontaneous gas-phase Raman scattering is enhanced using a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for the gas cell and Stokes light collector, yielding >100 times enhancement over a free-space configuration. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Buric, M. P.; Falk, J.; Chen, K.; Woodruff, S.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Buric, MP (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM falk@engr.pitt.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2613 EP 2614 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401297 ER PT B AU Farrell, JP McFarland, BK Guhr, M Bucksbaum, PH AF Farrell, J. P. McFarland, B. K. Guehr, M. Bucksbaum, P. H. GP IEEE TI Observation of an Intensity Dependent Minimum and Harmonic Dependent Linewidths in the High Harmonic Spectrum of N-2 SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION AB We observe an intensity dependent minimum and harmonic dependent linewidths in the high harmonic spectrum of N-2. The quantum mechanical origin of these features and their relevance to molecular orbital reconstruction is discussed. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Farrell, JP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford PULSE Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ijoe@stanford.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2679 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401330 ER PT B AU Valenzuela, A Rodriguez, G Clarke, S AF Valenzuela, Anthony Rodriguez, George Clarke, Steven GP IEEE TI Optical topography system for laser ablation plume measurements SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We image the nanoscale plasma plume of laser-ablated titanium metal by using a Shack-Hartmann based optical topographic system. We show this diagnostic produces data with ultrafast temporal resolution that is concurrent with simulations. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Valenzuela, Anthony; Rodriguez, George; Clarke, Steven] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valenzuela, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K771,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM arv@lanl.gov OI Rodriguez, George/0000-0002-6044-9462 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2740 EP 2741 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401361 ER PT B AU Waldmueller, I Chow, WW Wanke, MC AF Waldmueller, Ines Chow, Weng W. Wanke, Michael C. GP IEEE TI High-Temperature All-Optical Intersubband Terahertz Wave Switch SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We propose an intersubband all-optical THz switch. Adjusting the optical control switch beam even strong THz probe signals with intensities of up to 1 MW/cm(2) can be modulated with extinction ratios of - 80 dB/mm. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [Waldmueller, Ines; Chow, Weng W.; Wanke, Michael C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Waldmueller, I (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM iwaldmu@sandia.gov RI Montano, Ines/I-7497-2012 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2766 EP 2767 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401374 ER PT B AU Li, YL Sun, YE Kim, KJ AF Li, Yuelin Sun, Yin-E Kim, Kwang-Je GP IEEE TI A High Power, Coherently Enhanced THz Source SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID RADIATION AB We propose a compact Smith-Purcell device can potentially generate hundreds of Watts of THz radiation, based on a train of short electron bunches from an rf photoemission gun at an energy of a few MeV. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Yuelin; Sun, Yin-E; Kim, Kwang-Je] Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Accelerator Syst Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2796 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401389 ER PT B AU Singh, R Azad, AK Zhang, WL AF Singh, Ranjan Azad, Abul K. Zhang, Weili GP IEEE TI Influence of Metal Permittivity on Transmission Properties of Terahertz Metamaterials SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We present the effect of metal permittivity on transmission properties of double split-ring terahertz metamaterials. The measured LC resonance is enhanced with increasing imaginary permittivity of the constituent metals, showing consistence with numerical simulations. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Singh, Ranjan; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Azad, Abul K.] MPA CINT, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM weili.zhang@okstate.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2800 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401391 ER PT B AU Crooker, SA Smith, DL Palmstrom, CJ Crowell, PA AF Crooker, Scoff A. Smith, Darryl L. Palmstrom, Chris J. Crowell, Paul A. GP IEEE TI Imaging Spin Injection and Spin Transport in Semiconductors SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID DEVICES AB Using scanning Kerr-rotation microscopy, we directly image the injection and subsequent transport of spin-polarized electrons in semiconductors. We discuss optical spin injection as well as electrical spin injection in hybrid Fe/GaAs spin transport devices. C1 [Crooker, Scoff A.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Smith, Darryl L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Palmstrom, Chris J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Crowell, Paul A.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Crooker, SA (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM crooker@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3056 EP 3056 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401520 ER PT B AU Ngom, M Ringnalda, J Mansfield, JF Kotov, N Agrawal, A Zaluzec, N Norris, TB AF Ngom, Moussa Ringnalda, Jan Mansfield, John F. Kotov, Nicholas Agrawal, Ashish Zaluzec, Nestor Norris, Theodore B. GP IEEE TI Single Particle Plasmon Spectroscopy of Silver Nanowires SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB The excitation of surface plasmons on individual silver nanowires is studied by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope, and the results are compared to ensemble optical spectra. The transverse and longitudinal modes of these nanostructures were selectively resolved, confirming the plasmon peak shift versus nanowire length. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Ngom, Moussa] Univ Michigan, Dept Appl Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Norris, Theodore B.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, EECS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kotov, Nicholas; Agrawal, Ashish] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mansfield, John F.] Univ Michigan, Elect Microbeam Anal Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zaluzec, Nestor] Argonne Natl Lab, Elect Microscopy Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ringnalda, Jan] Ohio State Univ, FEI Co, Fontana labs, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ngom, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Appl Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3065 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401525 ER PT B AU Cho, DJ Wang, F Zhang, X Shen, YR AF Cho, David J. Wang, Feng Zhang, Xiang Shen, Y. Ron GP IEEE TI Contribution of Electric Quadrupole Resonance in Optical Metamaterials SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Contribution of electric quadrupole resonance is studied in optical metamaterials through numerical simulation. For nanostructures, its radiation is often comparable to that from magnetic dipole. Their individual contributions can be determined by angle-resolved scattering spectroscopy. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Cho, David J.; Wang, Feng; Shen, Y. Ron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shen, Y. Ron] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 97420 USA. RP Cho, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM djycho@berkeley.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3127 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401557 ER PT B AU Plum, E Dong, J Zhou, J Fedotov, VA Koschny, T Soukoulis, C Zheludev, NI AF Plum, E. Dong, J. Zhou, J. Fedotov, V. A. Koschny, T. Soukoulis, C. Zheludev, N. I. GP IEEE TI 3D-Chiral Metamaterial with Artificial Magnetic Response SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Artificial magnetism, negative permeability and zero refractive index are demonstrated in 3D-chiral metamaterial that shows giant polarization rotation and circular dichroism. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Plum, E.; Fedotov, V. A.; Zheludev, N. I.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, EPSRC Nanophoton Portfolio Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Dong, J.] Ningbo Univ, Inst Opt Fiber Commun & Network Tech, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Dong, J.; Zhou, J.; Koschny, T.; Soukoulis, C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dong, J.; Zhou, J.; Koschny, T.; Soukoulis, C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, J.] Iowa State Univ, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Koschny, T.; Soukoulis, C.] Univ Crete, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, FORTH, Rethimnon, Greece. [Koschny, T.; Soukoulis, C.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci, Rethimnon, Greece. RP Plum, E (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, EPSRC Nanophoton Portfolio Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM erp@orc.soton.ac.uk NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3129 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401558 ER PT B AU Murnane, MM Rocca, J Miao, J Yang, RG Nelson, K Anderson, E Aeschlimann, M Menoni, C Marconi, M Kapteyn, HC AF Murnane, Margaret M. Rocca, Jorge Miao, John Yang, Ronggui Nelson, Keith Anderson, Eric Aeschlimann, Martin Menoni, Carmen Marconi, Mario Kapteyn, Henry C. GP IEEE TI Harnessing Attosecond Science for Visualizing the Nanoworld SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID COHERENT X-RAYS AB New science and technology is enabled by manipulating and controlling electrons on attosecond timescales. Applications range from new table-top sources of coherent x-rays, to high-resolution tabletop coherent imaging of molecules, nanostructures, and materials. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Murnane, Margaret M.; Yang, Ronggui; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rocca, Jorge; Menoni, Carmen; Marconi, Mario] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Miao, John] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Nelson, Keith] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Anderson, Eric] Ctr X Ray Opt, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aeschlimann, Martin] Univ Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany. RP Murnane, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Margaret.Murnane@colorado.edu RI Aeschlimann, Martin/D-7141-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Yang, Ronggui/H-1278-2011 OI Aeschlimann, Martin/0000-0003-3413-5029; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; FU National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; NNSA FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy and the NNSA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3179 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401583 ER PT B AU McFarland, BK Farrell, JP Guhr, M Bucksbaum, PH AF McFarland, B. K. Farrell, J. P. Guehr, M. Bucksbaum, P. H. GP IEEE TI High Harmonic Spectral Minimum and Phase in Argon and Nitrogen SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID PHOTOIONIZATION; MODEL AB Measurements of the high harmonic amplitude and phase in Argon and N-2 display amplitude and phase modulations which can be related to a Cooper Minimum in Argon and recombination interference in N-2. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America C1 [McFarland, B. K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford PULSE Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McFarland, B. K.; Farrell, J. P.; Guehr, M.; Bucksbaum, P. H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP McFarland, BK (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford PULSE Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bmcfarla@stanford.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3181 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401584 ER PT B AU Chen, HT Azad, AK Shrekenhamer, D Padilla, WJ Averitt, RD Taylor, AJ O'Hara, JF AF Chen, Hou-Tong Azad, Abul K. Shrekenhamer, D. Padilla, Willie J. Averitt, Richard D. Taylor, Antoinette J. O'Hara, John F. GP IEEE TI Frequency Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We present a hybrid metamaterial semiconductor device capable of 20% tunability of the center resonance frequency via photoexcitation of the semiconductor regions, thereby addressing the metamaterials drawback of narrow bandwidth operation. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Hou-Tong; Azad, Abul K.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; O'Hara, John F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Shrekenhamer, D.; Padilla, Willie J.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Averitt, Richard D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA CINT, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM chenht@lanl.gov RI Padilla, Willie/A-7235-2008 OI Padilla, Willie/0000-0001-7734-8847 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3189 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401588 ER PT B AU Kim, E Wang, F Wu, W Yu, ZN Shen, YR AF Kim, Evgenia Wang, Feng Wu, Wei Yu, Zhaoning Shen, Y. Ron GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy of Photonic Metamaterials SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID MAGNETIC METAMATERIALS; GENERATION AB We probe the nonlinear optical properties of a fishnet metamaterial via second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) spectroscopy. We show that the resonance enhancement of nonlinear response in metamaterials is distinct from molecular case. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Evgenia; Wang, Feng; Shen, Y. Ron] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Wei; Yu, Zhaoning] Hewlett Packard Corp, HP Labs, Quantum Sci Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Shen, Y. Ron] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 97420 USA. RP Kim, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yrshen@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy FX The Berkeley group was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3191 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401589 ER PT B AU Talbayev, D Taylor, AJ Averitt, RD Zhang, CL Cheong, SW AF Talbayev, Diyar Taylor, Antoinette J. Averitt, Richard D. Zhang, Chenglin Cheong, Sang-Wook GP IEEE TI Ultrafast pump-probe reflectance study of multiferroic Eu0.75Y0.25MnO3 SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We measured the pump-probe reflectance relaxation time in multiferroic Eu(0.75)Y(0.2)5MnO(3). The relaxation time can be tuned by magnetic field and follows the temperature dependence of the low-energy spectral weight that includes phonons and electro-active magnons. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Talbayev, Diyar; Taylor, Antoinette J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Averitt, Richard D.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Zhang, Chenglin; Cheong, Sang-Wook] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Talbayev, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, MS K771, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM diyar@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3285 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401636 ER PT B AU Dodge, JS Schumacher, AB Miller, LL Chemla, DS AF Dodge, J. Steven Schumacher, Andreas B. Miller, Lance L. Chemla, Daniel S. GP IEEE TI Time-resolved spectroscopy of the charge-transfer gap in Sr2CuO2Cl2 SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We present energy- and time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy near the charge-transfer gap in the undoped copper oxide Sr2CuO2Cl2. The photoinduced response relates simply to the thermal response, indicating a common boson-mediated origin. (C)Optical Society of America C1 [Dodge, J. Steven] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Schumacher, Andreas B.; Chemla, Daniel S.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Lance L.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Miller, Lance L.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Chemla, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dodge, JS (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Phys, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM jsdodge@sfu.ca NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3289 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401638 ER PT B AU Itatani, J Rini, M Cavalleri, A Onda, K Ishikawa, T Ogihara, S Koshihara, S Shao, X Yamochi, H Saito, G Schoenlein, RW AF Itatani, J. Rini, M. Cavalleri, A. Onda, K. Ishikawa, T. Ogihara, S. Koshihara, S. Shao, X. Yamochi, H. Saito, G. Schoenlein, R. W. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Gigantic Photo-Response in Charge-Ordered Organic Salt (EDO-TTF)(2)PF6 on 10-fs time scales SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB The initial dynamics of photo-induced phase transition in (EDO-TTF)(2)PF6 was investigated using 10-fs laser pulses. We observed sub-20-fs gigantic photo-responses (vertical bar Delta R/R vertical bar>100%) and a clear signature of a structural bottleneck (similar to 60 fs) for the first time. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Itatani, J.; Rini, M.; Schoenlein, R. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS2R300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Itatani, J.; Onda, K.; Koshihara, S.; Shao, X.; Yamochi, H.] ERATO, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1020075, Japan. [Cavalleri, A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Onda, K.; Ishikawa, T.; Ogihara, S.; Koshihara, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Shao, X.; Yamochi, H.] Kyoto Univ, Res Ctr Low Temp & Mat Sci, Saikyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Saito, G.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Div Chem, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. RP Itatani, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS2R300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JItatani@lbl.gov RI Onda, Ken/H-3389-2014; Koshihara, Shinya/B-5095-2015 OI Onda, Ken/0000-0003-1724-2009; Koshihara, Shinya/0000-0002-7119-2017 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3293 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401640 ER PT B AU Rini, M Tobey, R Wall, S Dean, N Itatani, J Tomioka, Y Tokura, Y Schoenlein, RW Cavalleri, A AF Rini, M. Tobey, R. Wall, S. Dean, N. Itatani, J. Tomioka, Y. Tokura, Y. Schoenlein, R. W. Cavalleri, A. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Phase-Transition Induced by Selective Vibrational Excitation in a Magnetoresistive Manganite SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We show that selective excitation of a phonon mode induces an insulator-metal phase transition in a magnetoresistive manganite. The dynamics of such phase transformation are studied by optical pump-probe, transport and X-ray absorption measurements. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Rini, M.; Itatani, J.; Schoenlein, R. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tobey, R.; Wall, S.; Dean, N.; Cavalleri, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Tobey, R.; Wall, S.; Dean, N.; Cavalleri, A.] ERATO, Non equilibrium Dynam Project, Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Tomioka, Y.; Tokura, Y.] AIST, Correlated Elect Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. RP Rini, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MRini@lbl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3321 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401654 ER PT B AU Cotoros, I Wang, JG Stone, P Dubon, O Chemla, D AF Cotoros, Ingrid Wang, Jigang Stone, Peter Dubon, Oscar Chemla, Daniel GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Photoinduced Ferromagnetic Phase Enhancement in Ion Implanted GaMnAs SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We report on the dramatic ultrafast photo-enhancement of ferromagnetism on a 100 picosecond timescale in ion-implanted semiconductor GaMnAs via photoexcited transient carriers. This non-thermal, transient cooperative magnetic process surprisingly quenches at low temperatures, significantly bellow the Curie temperature. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Cotoros, Ingrid; Stone, Peter; Dubon, Oscar; Chemla, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cotoros, Ingrid; Wang, Jigang; Stone, Peter; Dubon, Oscar; Chemla, Daniel] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cotoros, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM iacotoros@lbl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3331 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401659 ER PT B AU Herrmann, S Chiow, SW Muller, H Chu, S AF Herrmann, S. Chiow, S. -W. Mueller, H. Chu, S. GP IEEE TI Atom Interferometry using Beam Splitters Based on Multi-Photon Bragg Diffraction: A Tool for Precision Measurements SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID CONSTANT; GRAVITY AB We apply multi-photon beam splitters based on Bragg diffraction in atom interferometers transferring up to 24 photon momenta in a single process. Ultimately, this may lead to atom interferometric measurements of increased precision. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Herrmann, S.; Chiow, S. -W.; Mueller, H.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chu, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Herrmann, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Herrmann, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM sherrma@stanford.edu RI Mueller, Holger/E-3194-2015 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3351 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401669 ER PT B AU Savukov, I Ledbetter, M Acosta, V Budker, D Romalis, M AF Savukov, Igor Ledbetter, Micah Acosta, Victor Budker, Dmitry Romalis, Michael GP IEEE TI Cesium spin-exchange-relaxation-free magnetometer SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER AB We have built and tested a Cs atomic magnetometer operating in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime at much lower temperature than a more conventional potassium SERF magnetometer developed at Princeton University. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Savukov, Igor] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ledbetter, Micah; Acosta, Victor; Budker, Dmitry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Romalis, Michael] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Savukov, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM isavukov@lanl.gov RI Acosta, Victor/G-8176-2011 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3361 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401674 ER PT B AU Klimov, VI AF Klimov, Victor I. GP IEEE TI Carrier Multiplication in Nanocrystal Quantum Dots and Solar Energy Conversion SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB This paper discusses aspects of carrier multiplication (multiexciton generation by single photons) in semiconductor nanocrystals such as its mechanism, competing relaxation channels, ultimate efficiencies for photon-to-exciton conversion and implications of this process in photovoltaics. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Softmatter Nanotechnol & Adv Spect Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Softmatter Nanotechnol & Adv Spect Team, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3635 EP 3636 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401813 ER PT B AU Hernandez, VJ Mendez, AJ Gagliardi, RM Bennett, CV Lennon, WJ AF Hernandez, V. J. Mendez, A. J. Gagliardi, R. M. Bennett, C. V. Lennon, W. J. GP OSA TI Performance impact of multiple access interference in a 4-ary pulse position modulated optical code division multiple access (PPM/O-CDMA) system SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION/NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL San Diego, CA ID OCDMA AB An O-CDMA system utilizing 4-ary pulse position modulation and a novel virtual quadrant receiver is described. Bit-error-rates show the impact of multiple access interference, as influenced by its proximity to the correctly decoded signal. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Hernandez, V. J.; Bennett, C. V.; Lennon, W. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hernandez, VJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-223, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Hernandez, Vincent/C-2522-2009; Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-55752-856-8 PY 2008 BP 1497 EP 1499 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BID99 UT WOS:000258857701075 ER PT B AU Hadley, GR AF Hadley, G. Ronald GP OSA TI High-power pulse propagation in optical fibers SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION/NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL San Diego, CA ID PEAK-POWER; AMPLIFIER AB The operation of fiber lasers and amplifiers in new higher-power regimes for machining applications is limited by several nonlinear effects that must be understood and mitigated against for further development of these sources. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hadley, GR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-55752-856-8 PY 2008 BP 2176 EP 2178 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BID99 UT WOS:000258857701245 ER PT B AU Rosenberg, D Peterson, CG Harrington, J Rice, P Dallmann, N Tyagi, KT McCabe, KP Hughes, RJ Nordholt, JE Hadfield, RH Baek, B Nam, S AF Rosenberg, D. Peterson, C. G. Harrington, J. Rice, P. Dallmann, N. Tyagi, K. T. McCabe, K. P. Hughes, R. J. Nordholt, J. E. Hadfield, R. H. Baek, B. Nam, S. GP OSA TI Long distance quantum key distribution in optical fiber SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION/NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL San Diego, CA ID CRYPTOGRAPHY; ATTACK AB Results are presented from an experiment using quantum key distribution with decoy states and low-noise superconducting nanowire single photon detectors to distribute secure key across 145 km of optical fiber. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Rosenberg, D.; Peterson, C. G.; Harrington, J.; Rice, P.; Dallmann, N.; Tyagi, K. T.; McCabe, K. P.; Hughes, R. J.; Nordholt, J. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rosenberg, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-55752-856-8 PY 2008 BP 2756 EP 2758 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BID99 UT WOS:000258857702122 ER PT B AU Quinn, TJ Parks, HV Speake, CC Davis, RS AF Quinn, T. J. Parks, H. V. Speake, C. C. Davis, R. S. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI The BIPM G experiment - Final results SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB This paper gives the final results of the Mk II version of the BIPM torsion-balance G experiment. Results of the Mk I version were published in 2001 and the apparatus was entirely rebuilt in the years 2001 to 2003. The key feature the BIPM approach is that a value of G can be obtained by up to three different methods. The 2001 result came from two methods, which agreed with each other closely. The present work is producing results from three different methods and the considerable challenge to be described in this paper is to obtain agreement among the three. C1 [Quinn, T. J.; Davis, R. S.] BIPM, Sevres, France. [Parks, H. V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Speake, C. C.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astronm, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. RP Quinn, TJ (reprint author), BIPM, Sevres, France. RI Speake, Clive/A-5330-2009 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 6 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574625 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400003 ER PT B AU Ayyorgun, S Ai, J Shankar, S AF Ayyorgun, Sami Ai, Jing Shankar, Sonu GP IEEE TI Towards a Self-organizing Stochastic-Communications Paradigm for Wireless Ad-hoc/Sensor Networks SO 2008 FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE AD-HOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB We introduce a self-organizing stochastic-communications scheme, called BSTeR, for wireless adhoc/sensor networks (mobile or stationary). The introduced scheme involves three ideas essentially: 1) Each node i determines its transmit power dynamically according to a random variable P(i); 2) Node i computes the Probability Mass Function (PMF) of P(i), based on the topology of the network and the PMFs of other nodes in the network dynamically; and 3) Each time node i needs to transmit a data packet, it generates a random number pi(i) according to P(i), and transmits the data with power level pi(i). Compared to the widely employed fixed-power communication schemes, the introduced scheme provides significant performance gains over many performance aspects concurrently, including network connectivity, end-to-end power/energy consumption, end-to-end delay and throughput, energy-delay relation, system longevity, and coverage. C1 [Ayyorgun, Sami; Ai, Jing; Shankar, Sonu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ayyorgun, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sami@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2574-7 PY 2008 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1109/MAHSS.2008.4660080 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIW40 UT WOS:000263368900004 ER PT B AU Basagni, S Carosi, A Petrioli, C Phillips, CA AF Basagni, S. Carosi, A. Petrioli, C. Phillips, C. A. GP IEEE TI Moving Multiple Sinks Through Wireless Sensor Networks for Lifetime Maximization SO 2008 FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE AD-HOC AND SENSOR SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB We propose scalable models and centralized heuristics for the concurrent and coordinated movement of multiple sinks in a wireless sensor network (WSN). The proposed centralized heuristic runs in polynomial time given the solution to the linear program and achieves results that are within 2% of the LP-relaxation-based upper bound. It provides a useful benchmark for evaluating centralized and distributed schemes for controlled sink mobility. C1 [Basagni, S.] Northeastern Univ, ECE Dept, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Carosi, A.; Petrioli, C.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dip Informat, Rome, Italy. [Phillips, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Basagni, S (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, ECE Dept, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM basaqni@ece.neu.edu; carosi@di.uniroma1.it; petrioli@di.uniroma1.it; caphill@sandia.gov RI Petrioli, Chiara/F-6297-2012; OI Petrioli, Chiara/0000-0002-3240-5075 FU NSF [0738720]; "SENSEI, Integrating the Physical with the Digital World of the Network of the Future," [215923]; International FIRB [RBIN047MH9]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was partially supported by NSF grant #0738720, by the FP7 ED project "SENSEI, Integrating the Physical with the Digital World of the Network of the Future," Grant Agreement Number 215923, www.ict-senseLorg, and by the International FIRB contract RBIN047MH9. Sandia is a multipurpose laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors are grateful to Bob Carr of Sandia National Laboratories for useful comments. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2574-7 PY 2008 BP 523 EP + DI 10.1109/MAHSS.2008.4660067 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIW40 UT WOS:000263368900069 ER PT B AU Yanmaz, E AF Yanmaz, Evsen GP IEEE TI Impact of Mobility Pattern on Epidemic Propagation in Wireless Networks SO 2008 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Cannes, FRANCE SP IEEE AB The physical topology of a wireless ad hoc network has a great impact on not only the performance of the algorithms developed for such networks, but also on the robustness (i.e., vulnerability to attacks or node failures) of the network. In this work, an empirical study on the impact of mobility on the epidemic (e.g., worm) propagation is provided, where topology. dependent and independent mobility models are compared in terms of infection (compromise) propagation among nodes. Results show that if there is no node recovery (i.e., no patches), for some mobility models whole network can be compromised in a short amount of time with infection rates less than 0.01 for even sparsely-connected ad hoc wireless networks. If there is recovery an epidemic might arise depending on the infective time durations and infection rates. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yanmaz, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eyanmaz@alumni.cmu.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2643-0 PY 2008 BP 1731 EP 1735 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BRH60 UT WOS:000282721801035 ER PT B AU Chow, WW Skogen, EJ Vawter, GA AF Chow, W. W. Skogen, E. J. Vawter, G. A. GP IEEE TI Modulation Response in Isolator-Free MOPA and Injection.-Locked Laser Configurations SO 2008 IEEE 21ST INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 21st International Semiconductor Laser Conference CY SEP 14-18, 2008 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE AB Modulation response in injection-locked lasers is investigated with optical isolation between master and slave lasers removed. A strong-coupling theory shows that recently demonstrated modulation response enhancement can be maintained in a significantly more compact device. C1 [Chow, W. W.; Skogen, E. J.; Vawter, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wwchow@sandia.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1782-7 PY 2008 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1109/ISLC.2008.4636065 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIV84 UT WOS:000263222600087 ER PT S AU Sinha, RR Winslett, M Wu, K Stockinger, K Shoshani, A AF Sinha, Rishi Rakesh Winslett, Marianne Wu, Kesheng Stockinger, Kurt Shoshani, Arie GP IEEE TI Adaptive bitmap indexes for space-constrained systems SO 2008 IEEE 24TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA ENGINEERING, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering/ 1st International Workshop on Secure Semantic Web CY APR 07-12, 2008 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP IEEE, Invent, Microsoft, ORACLE, IBM, SAP, Google, YAHOO AB Data management systems for "big science" often have tight memory and disk space constraints. In this paper, we introduce adaptive bitmap indexes, which conform to both space limits while dynamically adapting to the query load and offering excellent performance. So that adaptive bitmap indexes can use optimal bin boundaries, we show how to improve the scalability of optimal binning algorithms so that they can be used with real-world workloads. As the removal of false positives is the largest component of lookup time for a small-footprint bitmap index, we propose a novel way to materialize and drop auxiliary projection indexes, to eliminate the need to visit the data store to check for false positives. Our experiments with real-world data and queries show that adaptive bitmap indexes offer approximately 100-300% performance improvement (compared to standard binned bitmap indexes) at a cost of 5 MB of dedicated memory, under disk storage constraints that would cripple other indexes. C1 [Sinha, Rishi Rakesh] Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Winslett, Marianne] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Wu, Kesheng; Stockinger, Kurt; Shoshani, Arie] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sinha, RR (reprint author), Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. EM rsinha@microsoft.com; winslett@cs.uiuc.edu; kwu@lbl.gov; stockinger@lbl.gov; shoshani@lbl.gov FU Department of Energy [B341494, DOE DEFC02-01ER25508, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NSF [ACI 02-05611] FX This work was done while R Sinha was at the University of Illinois. This research was supported by a Computational Science Fellowship, by the Department of Energy under subcontracts B341494, DOE DEFC02-01ER25508, and DE-AC03-76SF00098, and by NSF grant NSF ACI 02-05611. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-4627 BN 978-1-4244-1836-7 J9 PROC INT CONF DATA PY 2008 BP 1418 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDE.2008.4497575 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHX71 UT WOS:000257282600173 ER PT S AU Park, BH Samatova, NF Munavalli, R Krishnamurthy, R Kettani, H Geist, A AF Park, Byung-Hoon Samatova, Nagiza F. Munavalli, Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Ramya Kettani, Houssain Geist, Al GP IEEE TI Rapid and robust ranking of text documents in a dynamically changing corpus SO 2008 IEEE/ACS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-3 SE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA-08) CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2008 CL Doha, QATAR SP IEEE, ACS AB Ranking documents in a selected corpus plays an important role in information retrieval systems. Despite notable advances in this direction, with continuously accumulating text documents, maintaining up-to-date ordering among documents in the domains of interest is a challenging task. Conventional approaches can produce an ordering that is only valid within a given corpus. Thus, with such approaches, ordering should be completely redone as documents are added to or deleted from the corpus. In this paper, we introduce a corpus-independent framework for rapid ordering of documents in a dynamically changing corpus. Like in many practical approaches, our framework suggests utilizing a similarity measure in some metric space indicating the degree of relevance of a document to the domain of interest However, unlike in corpus-dependent approaches, the relevance score of a document remains valid with changes being introduced into the corpus (insertion of new documents, for example), thus allowing a rapid ordering within the corpus. This paper particularly details a statistical approach to compute such relevance scores. C1 [Park, Byung-Hoon; Samatova, Nagiza F.; Munavalli, Rajesh; Krishnamurthy, Ramya; Geist, Al] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSM Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC USA. [Kettani, Houssain] Polytech Univ Puerto Rico, ECECS Dept, San Juan, PR USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSM Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM samatovan@ornl.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-5322 BN 978-1-4244-1967-8 J9 I C COMP SYST APPLIC PY 2008 BP 149 EP + DI 10.1109/AICCSA.2008.4493529 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Telecommunications GA BHW81 UT WOS:000257099100021 ER PT S AU Johnson, J Howes, W Wirthlin, M McMurtrey, DL Caffrey, M Graham, P Morgan, K AF Johnson, Jonathan Howes, William Wirthlin, Michael McMurtrey, Daniel L. Caffrey, Michael Graham, Paul Morgan, Keith GP IEEE TI Using duplication with compare for on-line error detection in FPGA-based designs SO 2008 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2008 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB It is well known that SRAM-based FPGAs are susceptible to single-event upsets (SEUs) in radiation environments. A variety of mitigation strategies have been demonstrated to provide appropriate mitigation and correction of SEUs in these environments. While full mitigation of SEUs is appropriate for some situations, some systems may tolerate SEUs as long as these upsets are detected quickly and correctly. These systems require effective error detection techniques rather than costly error correction methods. This work leverages a well-known error detection technique for FPGAs called duplication with compare (DWC). This technique has been shown to be very effective at quickly and accurately detecting SEUs using fault injection and radiation testing. C1 [Johnson, Jonathan; Howes, William; Wirthlin, Michael] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84606 USA. [McMurtrey, Daniel L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque 87114, NM USA. [Caffrey, Michael; Graham, Paul; Morgan, Keith] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, J (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84606 USA. FU Los Alamos National Laboratory under the Soprano and CFE projects FX This work was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under the Soprano and CFE projects. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4244-1487-1 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2008 BP 2322 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC00 UT WOS:000258321201088 ER PT B AU Higgins, MB AF Higgins, Matthew B. GP IEEE TI Gain Compensations for Cavities with Slot Apertures between Reverberant and Anechoic Environments SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Higgins, MB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM mbhiggi@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 328 EP 331 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440600083 ER PT B AU Stowell, ML Fasenfest, BJ White, DA AF Stowell, Mark L. Fasenfest, Benjamin J. White, Daniel A. GP IEEE TI investigation of radar propagation in buildings: A 10 billion element Cartesian-mesh FETD simulation. SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB In this paper large scale full-wave simulations are performed to investigate radar wave propagation inside buildings. In principle, a radar system combined with sophisticated numerical methods for inverse problems can be used to determine the internal structure of a building. The composition of the walls (cinder block, re-bar) may effect the propagation of the radar waves in a complicated manner. In order to provide a benchmark solution of radar propagation in buildings, including the effects of cinder block and re-bar, we performed large scale full wave simulations using a Finite Element Time Domain (FETD) method. This particular FETD implementation is tuned for the special case of an orthogonal Cartesian mesh and hence resembles FDTD in accuracy and efficiency. The method was implemented on a general-purpose massively parallel computer. In this paper we briefly describe the radar propagation problem, the FETD implementation, and we present results of simulations that used over 10 billion elements. C1 [Stowell, Mark L.; Fasenfest, Benjamin J.; White, Daniel A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stowell, ML (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM 94551.white37@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 496 EP 499 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440600125 ER PT B AU Higgins, MB Caldwell, M Morris, M AF Higgins, Matthew B. Caldwell, Michele Morris, Marv GP IEEE TI Characterization of Indirect Coupling Mechanisms from Lightning to Underground Cavities SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Higgins, Matthew B.; Caldwell, Michele] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Morris, Marv] Bolt Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Higgins, MB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM mbhiggi@sandia.gov; mcaldw@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 903 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440600227 ER PT B AU Aguirre, J Pao, HY Lin, HS Garland, P O'Neill, D Horton, K AF Aguirre, Jerry Pao, Hsueh-Yuan Lin, Hung-Sheng Garland, Paul O'Neill, David Horton, Kevin GP IEEE TI An LTCC 94 GHz Antenna Array SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB An antenna array is designed in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) Ferro A6M (TM) for a mm-wave application. The antenna is designed to operate at 94 GHz with a few percent bandwidth. A key manufacturing technology is the use of 3 mil diameter vias on a 6 mil pitch to construct the laminated waveguides that form the beamforming network and radiating elements. Measurements for loss in the laminated waveguide are presented. The slot-fed cavity-radiating element is designed to account for extremely tight mutual coupling between elements. The array incorporates a slot-fed multi-layer beamforming network. C1 [Aguirre, Jerry; Garland, Paul; O'Neill, David; Horton, Kevin] Kyocera Amer Inc, 8611 Balboa, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. [Pao, Hsueh-Yuan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lin, Hung-Sheng] EMWAVE, Redondo Beach, CA 90277 USA. RP Aguirre, J (reprint author), Kyocera Amer Inc, 8611 Balboa, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy by University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 1978 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601108 ER PT B AU Srinivas, S George, JS Lazzi, G AF Srinivas, Sundar George, John S. Lazzi, Gianluca GP IEEE TI Finite Difference formulation to calculate the induced current density profile inside the retina by a microcoil array SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID PROSTHESIS C1 [Srinivas, Sundar; Lazzi, Gianluca] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [George, John S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Srinivas, S (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ssriniv@ncsu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 3074 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440601381 ER PT B AU Johnson, WA Basilio, LI Wilton, DR Champagn, NJ Kotulski, JD Cruz-Cabrera, AA Peters, DW AF Johnson, William A. Basilio, Lorena I. Wilton, Donald R. Champagn, Nathan. J. Kotulski, Joseph D. Cruz-Cabrera, A. A. Peters, David W. GP IEEE TI EIGER (TM) Development and Application to an IR Frequency-Selective Surface SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID PERIODIC STRUCTURES C1 [Johnson, William A.; Basilio, Lorena I.; Kotulski, Joseph D.; Cruz-Cabrera, A. A.; Peters, David W.] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Wilton, Donald R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87118 USA. [Champagn, Nathan. J.] ERC Inc, ESCG JE02, Houston, TX 77258 USA. RP Johnson, WA (reprint author), Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM wajohns@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 3218 EP 3220 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602033 ER PT B AU Nordquist, CD Wanke, MC Rowen, AM Arrington, CL Lee, M Grine, AD AF Nordquist, Christopher D. Wanke, Michael C. Rowen, Adam M. Arrington, Christian L. Lee, Mark Grine, Albert D. GP IEEE TI Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Metal Micromachined Rectangular Waveguides at 3 THz SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Single-mode 75 gm x 37 gm rectangular waveguide components, including horn antennas, couplers, and bends, for operation at 3 THz have been designed and fabricated using thick gold micromachining. THz transmission through these waveguides has been quasi-optically measured at 2.92 THz. This technology offers the potential for realizing miniature integrated systems operating in the 3 THz frequency range. C1 [Nordquist, Christopher D.; Wanke, Michael C.; Rowen, Adam M.; Lee, Mark] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. [Arrington, Christian L.] L&M Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. [Grine, Albert D.] American Staff Augmentat Providers, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Nordquist, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. EM cdnordq@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors thank Gary Patrizi, Bridget Clevenger, and Frank Austin III for processing efforts NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 3367 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602071 ER PT B AU Garland, P Aguirre, J Pao, HY Lin, HS O'Neill, D Horton, K AF Garland, Paul Aguirre, Jerry Pao, Hsueh-Yuan Lin, Hung-Sheng O'Neill, David Horton, Kevin GP IEEE TI Manufacturing Challenges for a W-band Laminated Waveguide Phased Array SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB This paper describes the manufacturing challenges of a specific design over 90 GHz with an eye toward meeting performance goals while fitting into a production environment. Understanding the critical physical dimensions, along with the non-critical allowed for a successful design demonstration Furthermore, this paper will illustrate the specific tactics utilized for a successful design showing both material property measurements and process developments needed to execute a multi-element array applicable to W-band applications. C1 [Garland, Paul; Aguirre, Jerry; O'Neill, David; Horton, Kevin] Kyocera Amer Inc, 8611 Balboa, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. [Pao, Hsueh-Yuan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lin, Hung-Sheng] EMWAVE, Redondo Beach, CA 90277 USA. RP Garland, P (reprint author), Kyocera Amer Inc, 8611 Balboa, San Diego, CA 92111 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 3371 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440602072 ER PT S AU Pattipati, B Pattipati, K Christopherson, JP Namburu, SM Prokhorov, DV Qiao, L AF Pattipati, Bharath Pattipati, Krishna Christopherson, Jon P. Namburu, Setu Madhavi Prokhorov, Danil V. Qiao, Liu GP IEEE TI Automotive Battery Management Systems SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Battery Management System (BMS); State of Charge (SOC); State of Health (SOH); Power Fade; Capacity Fade; Remaining Useful Life (RUL); Support Vector Machines (SVM) AB Battery management system (BMS) is an integral part of an automobile. It protects the battery from damage, predicts battery life and maintains the battery in an operational condition. The BMS performs these tasks by integrating one or more of the functions, such as protecting the cell, controlling the charge, determining the state of charge (SOC), the state of health (SOH), and the remaining useful life (RUL) of the battery, cell balancing, as well as monitoring and storing historical data. In this paper, we propose a BMS that estimates three critical characteristics of the battery (SOC, SOH, and RUL) using a data-driven approach. Our estimation procedure is based on an equivalent circuit battery model consisting of resistors, capacitor, and Warburg impedance. The resistors usually characterize the self-discharge and internal resistance of the battery, the capacitor generally represents the charge stored in the battery, and the Warburg impedance represents the diffusion phenomenon. We investigate the use of support vector machines to predict the capacity fade and power fade, which characterize the SOH of a battery, as well as estimate the SOC of the battery. The circuit parameters are estimated from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) test data using non-linear least squares estimation techniques. Predictions of Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the battery are obtained by support vector regression of the power fade and capacity fade estimates. C1 [Pattipati, Bharath; Pattipati, Krishna] Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 371 Fairfield Rd,U-2157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Christopherson, Jon P.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Namburu, Setu Madhavi; Prokhorov, Danil V.; Qiao, Liu] Toyota Tech Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Pattipati, B (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 371 Fairfield Rd,U-2157, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM bharath@engr.uconn.edu; krishna@engr.uconn.edu; jon.christopherson@inl.gov; setumadhavi.namburu@tema.toyota.com; danil.prokhorov@tema.toyota.com; liu.qiao@tema.toyota.com FU Toyota Technical Center FX This work was supported by the Toyota Technical Center. Any opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not represent those of the sponsor. We would also like to gratefully acknowledge technical discussions with William Morrison of Qualtech Systems, Inc. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 227 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700043 ER PT S AU Quinn, H Graham, P Morgan, K Caffrey, M Krone, J AF Quinn, Heather Graham, Paul Morgan, Keith Caffrey, Michael Krone, Jim GP IEEE TI A Test Methodology for Determining Space-Readiness of Xilinx SRAM-based FPGA Designs SO 2008 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE Autotestcon LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual IEEE AUTOTESTCON Conference CY SEP 08-11, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP IEEE Aerosp & Elect Syst Soc DE Field programmable gate arrays; Reliability testing; Reliability estimation; Failure analysis; Space technology ID RELIABILITY; CIRCUITS AB Using reconfigurable, static random-access memory (SRAM) based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for space-based computation has been an very active area of research for the past decade. Since both the circuit and the circuit's state are stored in radiation-tolerant memory, both could be altered by the harsh space radiation environment. Both the circuit and the circuit's state can be protected by triple-modular redundancy (TMR), but applying TMR to FPGA user designs is often an error-prone process. Faulty application of TMR could cause the FPGA user circuit to output incorrect data. This paper will describe a three-tiered methodology for testing FPGA user designs for space-readiness. We will describe the standard approach to testing FPGA user designs using a particle accelerator as well as two methods using fault injection and modeling. While accelerator testing is the current "gold standard" for pre-launch testing, we believe the use of fault injection and modeling tools allows for easy, cheap and uniform access for discovering errors earlier in the design process. C1 [Quinn, Heather; Graham, Paul; Morgan, Keith; Caffrey, Michael; Krone, Jim] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Quinn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR Space Data Syst 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1088-7725 BN 978-1-4244-2225-8 J9 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PY 2008 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIZ84 UT WOS:000264052700047 ER PT B AU Mendez, AJ Gagliardi, RM Hernandez, VJ Bennett, CV AF Mendez, A. J. Gagliardi, R. M. Hernandez, V. J. Bennett, C. V. GP IEEE TI RECEIVER ARCHITECTURE FOR 12.5 GB/S 16-ARY PULSE POSITION MODULATION (PPM) SIGNALING SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc C1 [Mendez, A. J.] Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA USA. [Gagliardi, R. M.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hernandez, V. J.; Bennett, C. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Mendez, AJ (reprint author), Mendez R&D Associates, El Segundo, CA USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009; Hernandez, Vincent/C-2522-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739; NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653175 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800030 ER PT S AU Loss, LA Bebis, G Nicolescu, M Skurikhin, A AF Loss, Leandro A. Bebis, George Nicolescu, Mircea Skurikhin, Alexei GP IEEE TI Investigating How and When Perceptual Organization Cues Improve Boundary Detection in Natural Images SO 2008 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Boundary detection in natural images represents an important but also challenging problem in computer vision. Motivated by studies in psychophysics claiming that humans use multiple cues for segmentation, several promising methods have been proposed which perform boundary detection by optimally combining local image measurements such as color texture, and brightness. Very interesting results have been reported by applying these methods on challenging datasets such as the Berkeley segmentation benchmark. Although combining different cues for boundary detection has been shown to outperform methods using a single cue, results can be further improved by integrating perceptual organization cites with the boundary detection process. The main goal of this study is to investigate how and when perceptual organization cues improve boundary detection in natural images. In this context, we investigate the idea of integrating with segmentation the Iterative Multi-Scale Tensor Voting (IMSTV), a variant of Tensor Voting (TV) that performs perceptual grouping by analyzing information at multiple-scales and removing background clutter in an iterative fashion, preserving salient, organized structures. The key idea is to use IMSTV to post-process the boundary posterior probability (PB) map produced by segmentation algorithms. Detailed analysis of our experimental results reveals how and when perceptual organization cues are likely to improve or degrade boundary detection. In particular we show that using perceptual grouping as a post-processing step improves boundary detection in 84% of the grayscale test images in the Berkeley segmentation dataset. C1 [Loss, Leandro A.; Bebis, George; Nicolescu, Mircea] Univ Nevada, Comp Vis Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Skurikhin, Alexei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loss, LA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Comp Vis Lab, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM loss@cse.unr.edu; debis@cse.unr.edu; mircea@cse.unr.edu; alexei@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-2339-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2008 BP 174 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIK29 UT WOS:000260371900025 ER PT S AU Prasad, L Swaminarayan, S AF Prasad, Lakshman Swaminarayan, Sriram GP IEEE TI Hierarchical Image Segmentation by Polygon Grouping SO 2008 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS, VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE Comp Soc ID TRIXEL AGGLOMERATION AB We present a simple cascading algorithm for rapid hierarchical image segmentation based on perceptually driven contour completion and scene statistics. We start with an initial fine-scale segmentation of an image obtained by perceptual completion of partial contours into polygonal regions using region-contour correspondences established by Delaunay triangulation of edge pixels. The resulting polygon size distribution is analyzed for a dominant mode of granularity of the image. Polygons whose sizes are less than or equal to this granularity are merged with their spectrally closest neighbors to obtain the next level of polygonal segments in the hierarchy. The iterative application of this process precipitates textured regions as polygons with highly convolved boundaries and helps distinguish them from objects which typically have more regular boundaries. C1 [Prasad, Lakshman; Swaminarayan, Sriram] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prasad, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-2339-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2008 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIK29 UT WOS:000260371900031 ER PT S AU Cheriyadat, AM Bhaduri, BL Radke, RJ AF Cheriyadat, Anil M. Bhaduri, Budhendra L. Radke, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Detecting Multiple Moving Objects in Crowded Environments with Coherent Motion Regions SO 2008 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE Comp Soc AB We propose an object detection system that uses the locations of tracked low-level feature points as input, and produces a set of independent coherent motion regions as output. As an object moves, tracked feature points on it span a coherent 3D region in the space-time volume defined by the video. In the case of multi-object motion, many possible coherent motion regions can be constructed around the set of all feature point tracks. Our approach is to identify all possible coherent motion regions, and extract the subset that maximizes an overall likelihood function while assigning each point track to at most one motion region. We solve the problem of finding the best set of coherent motion regions with a simple greedy algorithm, and show that our approach produces semantically correct detections and counts of similar objects moving through crowded scenes. C1 [Cheriyadat, Anil M.; Bhaduri, Budhendra L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cheriyadat, Anil M.; Radke, Richard J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Elect Comp & Syst Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Cheriyadat, AM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM cheriyadatam@ornl.gov; bhaduribl@oml.gov; rjradke@ecse.rpi.edu RI Radke, Richard/I-3289-2013 OI Radke, Richard/0000-0001-5064-7775 FU LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC05-00OR22725]; US National Science Foundation [IIS-0237516] FX Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6285, managed by UT- Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725.; This manuscript has been authored by employees of UT- Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Accordingly, the United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevo- cable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.; This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation, under the award IIS-0237516. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-2339-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2008 BP 245 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIK29 UT WOS:000260371900034 ER PT S AU Aouada, D Dreisigmeyer, DW Krim, H AF Aouada, Djamila Dreisigmeyer, David W. Krim, Hamid GP IEEE TI Geometric Modeling of Rigid and Non-rigid 3D Shapes Using the Global Geodesic Function SO 2008 IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOPS, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE Comp Soc DE Curved Reeb graph; object geometric modeling; GGF; Whitney embedding; iso-geodesic curves AB In this paper, we present a novel intrinsic geometric representation of 3D objects. We add the proposed modeling of objects to their topological graphs to ensure a full and compact description necessary for shape-based retrieval, recognition and analysis of 3D models. In our approach, we address the challenges due to pose variability, computational complexity and noisy data by intrinsically and simply describing a 3D object by a global geodesic function. We exploit the geometric features contained in the dense set of iso-levels of this function. Using Whitney Easy Embedding theorem, we embed the manifold of the geodesic iso-levels in R-3 and obtain a single space curve as our geometry descriptor. 3D shape comparison is then reduced to comparing the resulting modeling curves. To quantify the dissimilarities between them we simply compute an L-2 distance between classical Euclidian invariants applied to space curves. The experimental results show that in addition to being straightforward and easy to compute, our modeling technique achieves a high level of discrimination, and appears to be robust to both noise and decimation. C1 [Aouada, Djamila; Krim, Hamid] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Krim, Hamid] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Aouada, D (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM daouada@ncsu.edu; dreisigm@lanl.gov; ahk@ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-2339-2 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2008 BP 935 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIK29 UT WOS:000260371900126 ER PT S AU Chang, H Yang, Q Parvin, B AF Chang, Hang Yang, Qing Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI A Bayesian approach for image segmentation with shape priors SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1-12 SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CY JUN 23-28, 2008 CL Anchorage, AK SP IEEE Comp Soc ID ENERGY MINIMIZATION; GRAPH CUTS; ALGORITHMS AB Color and texture have been widely used in image segmentation; however, their performance is often hindered by scene ambiguities, overlapping objects, or missing parts. In this paper, we propose an interactive image segmentation approach with shape prior models within a Bayesian framework. Interactive features, through mouse strokes, reduce ambiguities, and the incorporation of shape priors enhances quality of the segmentation where color and/or texture are not solely adequate. The novelties of our approach are in (i) formulating the segmentation problem in a well-defined Bayesian framework with multiple shape priors, (ii) efficiently estimating parameters of the Bayesian model, and (iii) multi-object segmentation through user-specified priors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a set of natural and synthetic images. C1 [Chang, Hang; Yang, Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Automat, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Chang, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Automat, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. EM hchang@lbl.gov FU Department of Energy; National Institute of Health [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of California FX Research was partially funded by the Department of Energy and National Institute of Health under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the University of California. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4244-2242-5 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2008 BP 687 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BII46 UT WOS:000259736800090 ER PT B AU Sauers, I James, DR Tuncer, E Ellis, AR Pace, MO AF Sauers, I. James, D. R. Tuncer, E. Ellis, A. R. Pace, M. O. GP IEEE TI Delayed Breakdown in Liquid Nitrogen for Sphere-Plane Geometry When Subjected to Lightning Impulse SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE AB Liquid nitrogen (LN) is often the primary insulating medium for high voltage, high temperature superconducting grid applications. A number of papers have been published on the AC and DC breakdown strengths but only a few have focused on lightning impulse. In general, when a 1.2x50 mu s (rise/fall) impulse is applied to a sphere-plane gap in liquid nitrogen the breakdown does not always or typically occur at the peak voltage, but rather at times following the peak, ranging from 0 (no delay) up to 120 lis for the LN(2) pressures and gaps studied. Data will be presented on the delay times for different gaps, sphere diameters and at two pressures, 1 bar and 1.33 bar. Most of the data was obtained for negative impulse (on the sphere) and one data set was obtained for positive impulse. Delays were observed to increase with increasing gap spacing. However, for a given set of conditions (i.e. within a given data set) the breakdown delays decreased as the peak voltage increased. It is believed that liquid nitrogen bubble initiation and growth may account for the delay in breakdown. C1 [Sauers, I.; James, D. R.; Tuncer, E.; Ellis, A. R.; Pace, M. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sauers, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2548-8 PY 2008 BP 671 EP 674 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJH50 UT WOS:000265875100168 ER PT B AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR Pace, MO AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. Pace, Marshall O. GP IEEE TI Electrical properties of commercial sheet insulation materials for cryogenic applications SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena CY OCT 26-29, 2008 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE ID DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; LIQUID-NITROGEN; HIGH-VOLTAGE; STATISTICS AB Dielectric properties of electrical insulation materials are needed for low temperature power applications. Performance of materials and their compatibility determine the size of the electrical insulation in power equipment. In this work we report the dielectric properties of some commercially available materials in sheet form. The selected materials are polypropylene laminated paper from Sumitomo Electric Inc., porous polyethylene (Tyvek (M)) from Dupont and polyamide paper (Nomex (M)) from Dupont The dielectric properties are characterized with an electrical impedance analyzer in the frequency domain. The impedances are recorded in a cryocooler in the temperature range from 50K to 300K. The dielectric breakdown characteristics of the materials are measured in a liquid nitrogen bath at atmospheric pressure. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Sauers, Isidor; James, D. Randy; Ellis, Alvin R.; Pace, Marshall O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2548-8 PY 2008 BP 675 EP 678 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJH50 UT WOS:000265875100169 ER PT B AU Banerjee, S Powers, N Ramanathan, V Cunningham, N Chandler-Smith, N Chen, S Shadwick, B Umstadter, D Vane, R Schultz, D Beene, J Pozzi, S AF Banerjee, Sudeep Powers, Nathan Ramanathan, Vidya Cunningham, Nathaniel Chandler-Smith, Nate Chen, Shouyuan Shadwick, Bradley Umstadter, Donald Vane, Randy Schultz, Dave Beene, Jim Pozzi, Sara GP IEEE TI All-laser-driven, MeV-energy x-ray source for detection of SNM SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; PLASMA; ACCELERATION; GENERATION; PULSES AB A quasi-monoenergetic MeV x-ray source based on laser-driven electron acceleration and Thomson scattering is under development at the Extreme Light Laboratory at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Reported are experimental results on the generation of high-brightness, nearly monoenergetic 300-MeV energy electron beams with the high power, short-pulse DIOCLES laser system. The laser system produces > 100 TW of maximum peak power per pulse. The maximum pulse energy is 3.5 J with a temporal duration of 30 fs. Energetic electron beams are produced by focusing a laser pulse with 40-50-TW peak-power on a supersonic helium nozzle to drive a relativistic plasma wave (laser wakefield). Electron beams with energies of 320 +/- 20 MeV are accelerated over a distance of 3 mm. The beam has an angular spread of 5 mrad with a charge of 100 pC. The use of a stable and well-characterized laser system-in conjunction with high temporal contrast and adaptive optics correction on the amplified beam (to obtain ideal focal spots) -has enabled generation of very reproducible electron beams, both in terms of energy and pointing stability. It is found that electron acceleration is most efficient, beam brightness is highest and reproducibility is best in the resonant regime, where the temporal duration of the laser pulse equals the plasma period. A beamsplitter is used after compression to generate two pulses in the ratio of 80% to 20%. The higher power pulse drives the laser wakefield to produce the energetic electron beams while the lower power pulse is transported through an independent line and focused on the electron beam to generate x-rays. Experiments are currently in progress to observe and characterize the x-ray beam. Theoretical predictions indicate that 1-2+/-10% -MeV x-ray photons can be produced in a well-collimated beam. The expected photon flux is 10(9) photons per laser shot. Characterization of such a high-flux high energy x-ray beam is in progress. Quasi-monoenergetic x-rays offer significant advantages for the detection of sensitive nuclear materials using techniques such as nuclear resonance fluorescence. A systematic effort is also in progress to further improve the characteristics of laser produced electron beams with regard to monochromaticity, divergence and stability and also permit easy tunability of the x-ray source. The design of a compact system capable of being deployed in the field will also be discussed as part of a long-term solution to the critical requirement for an efficient cargo-scanning system. C1 [Banerjee, Sudeep; Powers, Nathan; Ramanathan, Vidya; Cunningham, Nathaniel; Chandler-Smith, Nate; Chen, Shouyuan; Shadwick, Bradley; Umstadter, Donald] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Pozzi, Sara] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pozzi, Sara] Univ Michigan, Dept Nuclear Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Umstadter, Donald/A-1581-2016 OI Umstadter, Donald/0000-0002-2182-4346 FU Domestic Nuclear Detection Office; Department of Homeland Security; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX his work is supported by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office, Department of Homeland Security and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200001 ER PT B AU Estep, RJ Sapp, BA AF Estep, Robert J. Sapp, Benjamin A. GP IEEE TI Energy calibration algorithms for the multiple isotope material basis set (MIMBS) isotope identification method SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind AB As we show in this report, the multiple isotope material basis set (MIMBS) method for isotope identification with medium- and low-resolution gamma-ray detectors requires an accurate energy calibration to be optimally effective. Determination of the detector's energy calibration using one or more known radioisotopes is generally required for all applications We are developing an algorithm that automatically finds the best energy calibration using one or more identified (standard) gamma spectra as input, with no effort on the part of the user other than qualitatively identifying the isotopes present in the spectrum Instruments that suffer significant energy calibration drift, such as NaI handheld identifiers, also require some type of real time gain stabilization to keep their calibration steady We have developed two approaches for stabilizing the energy calibration for MIMBS analyses, (1) a standard peak-based gain stabilization algorithm for use when seeded or background gamma peaks are known to be present and (2) a peak-free stabilization algorithm based on a non-linear gain optimization. In this report, we describe the calibration algorithms and evaluate their effectiveness on real and simulated gamma ray spectra under varying measurement conditions. C1 [Estep, Robert J.; Sapp, Benjamin A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Estep, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534415 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200003 ER PT B AU Joslyn, C Gillen, D Burke, J Critchlow, T Damante, M Fernandes, R AF Joslyn, Cliff Gillen, David Burke, John Critchlow, Terence Damante, Matt Fernandes, Robert GP IEEE TI Hybrid multidimensional relational and link analytical knowledge discovery for law enforcement SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind AB The challenges facing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) require not only multi-dimensional, but also multi-scale data analysis. In particular, the ability to seamlessly move from summary information, such as trends, into detailed analysis of individual entities, while critical for law enforcement, typically requires manually transferring information among multiple tools. Such time-consuming and error prone processes significantly hamper the analysts' ability to quickly explore data and identify threats. As part of a DHS Science and Technology effort, we have been developing and deploying for Immigration and Customs Enforcement the CubeLink system integrating information between relational data cubes and link analytical semantic graphs. In this paper we describe CubeLink in terms of the underlying components, their integration, and the formal mapping from multidimensional data analysis into link analysis. In so doing, we provide a formal basis for one particular form of automatic schema-ontology mapping from OLAP data cubes to semantic graphs databases, and point the way towards future "intelligent" OLAP data cubes equipped with meta-data about their dimensional typing. C1 [Joslyn, Cliff; Gillen, David; Burke, John; Critchlow, Terence] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Damante, Matt; Fernandes, Robert] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Joslyn, C (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM cjoslyn@pnl.gov; david.gillen@pnl.gov; john.burke@pnl.gov; terence.critchlow@pnl.gov; mdamante@llnl.gov; rfernand@llnl.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 161 EP + DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534442 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200030 ER PT B AU Baddeley, B Younkin, K Riensche, R Best, D Pike, WA May, R AF Baddeley, Bob Younkin, Katarina Riensche, Rick Best, Daniel Pike, William A. May, Richard GP IEEE TI From desktop to field: Deploying visual incident analysis for law enforcement SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind AB We present a prototype mobile application environment for law enforcement users to assist them in daily operations. This system supports the collection of real-time observations and allows users to quickly share their findings with team members. Mobile tools for law enforcement introduce safety and other operational constraints that must be considered in developing appropriate user interfaces. Our environment attempts to address these challenges and provide tools to increase information sharing among officers and, expedite form-filling and evidence collection. Moreover, real-time location tracking and mapping enables mobile users to view the locations of team members and to push data (such as field-collected images, video, or text) to them. C1 [Baddeley, Bob; Younkin, Katarina; Riensche, Rick; Best, Daniel; Pike, William A.; May, Richard] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baddeley, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534451 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200039 ER PT B AU Schmitt, M AF Schmitt, Michael GP IEEE TI Coordinating the Global Information Grid initiative with the NG9-1-1 initiative SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind AB As the Department of Defense develops the Global Information Grid, the Department of Transportation develops the Next Generation 9-1-1 system. Close examinations of these initiatives show that the two are similar in architectures, applications, and communications interoperability. These similarities are extracted from the lowest user level to the highest commander rank that will be involved in each network. Once the similarities are brought into perspective, efforts should be made to collaborate between the two departments. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Schmitt, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 415 EP 420 DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534488 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200076 ER PT B AU Verba, J Milvich, M AF Verba, Jared Milvich, Michael GP IEEE TI Idaho National Laboratory Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Intrusion Detection System (SCADA IDS) SO 2008 IEEE CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security CY MAY 12-13, 2008 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE, Massachusetts Port Author, SAIC, Raytheon, EADS N Amer, ARES Corp, AVERT, Appl Signal Technol, Homeland Secur Daily Wire, Sugarspun Ind AB Current Intrusion Detection System (IDS) technology is not suited to be widely deployed inside a Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) environment. Anomaly- and signature-based IDS technologies have developed methods to cover information technology-based networks activity and protocols effectively. However, these IDS technologies do not include the fine protocol granularity required to ensure network security inside an environment with weak protocols lacking authentication and encryption. By implementing a more specific and more intelligent packet inspection mechanism, tailored traffic flow analysis, and unique packet tampering detection, IDS technology developed specifically for SCADA environments can be deployed with confidence in detecting malicious activity. C1 [Verba, Jared; Milvich, Michael] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Verba, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jared.verba@inl.gov; michael.milvich@jnl.gov NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1977-7 PY 2008 BP 469 EP 473 DI 10.1109/THS.2008.4534498 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BIA64 UT WOS:000257944200086 ER PT S AU Nordquist, CD Dyck, CW Kraus, GM Sullivan, CT Austin, F Finnegan, PS Ballance, MH AF Nordquist, Christopher D. Dyck, Christopher W. Kraus, Garth M. Sullivan, Charles T. Austin, Franklin, IV Finnegan, Patrick S. Ballance, Mark H. GP IEEE TI Ku-band Six-bit RF MEMS Time Delay Network SO 2008 IEEE CSIC SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium Technical Digest LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE Microelectromechanical devices; microwave phase shifters; delay circuits; switches ID PHASE SHIFTERS; SWITCHES AB A six-bit time delay circuit operating from DC to 18 GHz is reported. Capacitively loaded transmission lines are used to reduce the physical length of the delay elements and shrink the die size. Additionally, selection of the reference line lengths to avoid resonances allows the replacement of series-shunt switching elements with only series elements. With through-wafer transitions and a packaging seal ring, the 7 mm x 10 mm circuit demonstrates <2.8 dB of loss and 60 ps of delay with good delay flatness and accuracy through 18 GHz. C1 [Nordquist, Christopher D.; Dyck, Christopher W.; Kraus, Garth M.; Sullivan, Charles T.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Austin, Franklin, IV; Finnegan, Patrick S.; Ballance, Mark H.] LMATA Govt Serv LLC, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Nordquist, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdnordq@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-8781 BN 978-1-4244-1939-5 J9 COMP SEMICOND INTEGR PY 2008 BP 96 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJC92 UT WOS:000264860100025 ER PT B AU DeBlasio, R Tom, C AF DeBlasio, Richard Tom, Cherry GP IEEE TI Standards for the Smart Grid SO 2008 IEEE ENERGY 2030 CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy 2030 Conference CY NOV 17-18, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB To get from today's electricity grid to tomorrow's smart grid with interconnection and,full two way communications connection to distributed energy sources such as wind, solar, and plug-in electric vehicles requires an interoperability framework of protocols and standards. C1 [DeBlasio, Richard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tom, Cherry] EEESA, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP DeBlasio, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2850-2 PY 2008 BP 6 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJF61 UT WOS:000265454500002 ER PT B AU Mujadi, E Nguyen, TB Pai, MA AF Mujadi, E. Nguyen, T. B. Pai, M. A. GP IEEE TI Impact of Wind Power Plants on Voltage and Transient Stability of Power Systems SO 2008 IEEE ENERGY 2030 CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy 2030 Conference CY NOV 17-18, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE wind turbine; wind power plant; equivalencing; high penetration; system integration; wind energy; aggregation; power systems; renewable energy; stability analysis AB With the scenario of wind power constituting up to 20% of the electric grid capacity in the future, the need for systematic studies of the impact of wind power on both voltage and transient stability of the grid has increased. A large number of parameters will affect such studies. For this paper, studies were conducted on a standard three-machine, nine-bus system augmented by a radially connected wind power plant (WPP), which contains 22 wind turbine generators (WTG). The studies include examining the voltage stability (P-V) curves of the system at the point of interconnection (POI), as well as in the radial system with and without the WPP. These voltage stability studies are done for the base case as well as for contingencies. This is followed by transient stability studies for three-phase faults, again at the POI as well on the radial system. The transient stability studies illustrate the capability of the WPP. The conclusions drawn from this study will be supported by an analytical study in the future. C1 [Mujadi, E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nguyen, T. B.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Pai, M. A.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Mujadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov; tony.nguyen@pnl.gov; mapai@uiuc.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission; Western Electric Coordinating Council; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; National Science Foundation [CNS-05-40237] FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission, Western Electric Coordinating Council, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Author M. A. Pai also acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation under grant number CNS-05-40237. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2850-2 PY 2008 BP 321 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJF61 UT WOS:000265454500053 ER PT B AU Liu, Y Bebic, J Kroposki, B de Bedout, J Ren, W AF Liu, Y. Bebic, J. Kroposki, B. de Bedout, J. Ren, W. GP IEEE TI Distribution System Voltage Performance Analysis for High-Penetration PV SO 2008 IEEE ENERGY 2030 CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Energy 2030 Conference CY NOV 17-18, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE distributed generation; photovoltaics (PV) penetration; voltage regulation; reactive power compensation; PV inverter AB Distributed generation can have an impact on distribution feeder voltage regulation, and distributed solar photovoltaics (PV) are no exception. As the penetration level of solar PV rises over the coming decades, reverse power flow on the distribution feeder will happen more frequently and the associated voltage rise might lead to violations of voltage boundaries defined by ANSI C84.1. The severity of possible voltage problems depends on the relative size and location of distributed PV generation and loads, distribution feeder topology, and method of voltage regulation. In this paper, an illustrative distribution system feeder is assumed, and various case studies are conducted. The performance of the commonly used distribution voltage regulation methods under reverse power flow are investigated and presented. Voltage performance of the feeder, and the flow of active and reactive power are studied under different loading assumptions, and different assumptions of PV inverters' participation. The paper also explores the system performance using coordinated controls of inverters and utility equipment. C1 [Liu, Y.; Bebic, J.] GE Energy, 1 River Rd, Schenectady, NY 12345 USA. [Kroposki, B.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [de Bedout, J.; Ren, W.] GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), GE Energy, 1 River Rd, Schenectady, NY 12345 USA. FU U.S. DOE; Renewable Systems Interconnection Study under NREL [ADC-7-77032-01] FX This paper draws from one of the 15 Renewable Systems Interconnection (RSI) reports sponsored by the U.S. DOE during the summer of 2007 to study both the technical and analytical challenges associated with high penetration levels of distributed renewable energy technologies [8].; This research was conducted as part of the Renewable Systems Interconnection Study under NREL Subcontract No. ADC-7-77032-01. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2850-2 PY 2008 BP 547 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJF61 UT WOS:000265454500083 ER PT S AU Han, C Huang, AQ Bhattacharya, S White, LW Ingram, M Atcitty, S Wong, W AF Han, Chong Huang, Alex Q. Bhattacharya, Subhashish White, Leonard W. Ingram, Michael Atcitty, Stanley Wong, Willie GP IEEE TI Design of an Ultra-capacitor Energy Storage System (UESS) for Power Quality Improvement of Electric Arc Furnaces SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE Ultra-Capacitor (UC); Energy Storage System (ESS); Electrical Arc Furnace (EAF); real power fluctuation AB Electrical arc furnace (EAF), acting as a fast varying real power and reactive power sink, not only induces the power quality pollution back to utility, but also prevent the effective production of metal industry. In this paper, a methodology of designing an energy storage system (ESS) for EAFs is presented. Based on the field data-based study of atypical EAF, the power, energy, and speed requirement of ESS are quantitatively evaluated. Based on the requirement, an ultra-capacitor energy storage system (UESS) is deemed as the suitable type of ESS for the EAF application. The design of UESS is described, and the preliminary experimental results are given. C1 [Han, Chong; Wong, Willie] ABB Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Huang, Alex Q.; Bhattacharya, Subhashish; White, Leonard W.] North Carolina State Univ, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ingram, Michael] Tennessee Valley Author, Chattanooga, TN USA. [Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Han, C (reprint author), ABB Inc, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 32 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417000005 ER PT S AU Hsu, JS Lee, ST Tolbert, LM AF Hsu, John S. Lee, Seong-Taek Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI High-Strength Undiffused Brushless (HSUB) Machine SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper introduces a new high-strength undiffused brushless machine that transfers the stationary excitation magnetomotive force to the rotor without any brushes. For a conventional permanent magnet (PM) machine, the air gap flux density cannot be enhanced effectively but can be weakened. In the new machine, both the stationary excitation coil and the PM in the rotor produce an enhanced air gap flux. The PM in the rotor prevents magnetic flux diffusion between the poles and guides the reluctance flux path. The pole flux density in the air gap can be much higher than what the PM alone can produce. A high-strength machine is thus obtained. The air gap flux density can be weakened through the stationary excitation winding. This type of machine is particularly suitable for electric and hybrid-electric vehicle applications. Patents of this new technology are either granted or pending. C1 [Hsu, John S.; Lee, Seong-Taek; Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Hsu, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 510 EP 517 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417000080 ER PT S AU Hsu, JS Burress, TA Lee, ST Wiles, RH Coomer, CL McKeever, JW Adams, DJ AF Hsu, J. S. Burress, T. A. Lee, S. T. Wiles, R. H. Coomer, C. L. McKeever, J. W. Adams, D. J. GP IEEE TI 16,000-rpm Interior Permanent Magnet Reluctance Machine with Brushless Field Excitation SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc AB This paper introduces a high speed brushless field excitation (BFE) machine that offers high torque per ampere (A) per core length at low speed and weakened flux at high speed. Lower core losses at high speeds, are attained by reducing the field excitation. Safety and reliability are increased by weakening the field when a winding short-circuit fault occurs. For a high-speed motor the bridges that link the rotor punching segments together must be thickened for mechanical integrity; BITE can ensure sufficient rotor flux when needed. Projected efficiency map including losses of the excitation coils confirms the advantage of this technology. C1 [Hsu, J. S.; Burress, T. A.; Lee, S. T.; Wiles, R. H.; Coomer, C. L.; McKeever, J. W.; Adams, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Hsu, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 1181 EP 1186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417000184 ER PT S AU Chakraborty, S Simoes, MG AF Chakraborty, Sudipta Simoes, M. Godoy GP IEEE TI PV-Microgrid Operational Cost Minimization by Neural Forecasting and Heuristic Optimization SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE Distributed generation; microgrid; net metering; avoided cost; distributed intelligent energy; management system; linear programming; heuristics AB Advantages provided by the renewable based distributed generation coupled with federal and state deregulation policies and incentives, are pushing the future energy markets to invest more into renewable systems. Microgrid is a well-known concept for integrating the distributed resources into the current power distribution network. With advanced power electronics and controls, the technology already exists to develop microgrid with renewable energy sources. But, still the biggest concern in the mind of general consumers lies in the form of cost of energy of these renewable systems. Installation of the renewable energy systems requires high initial costs. In addition, the analysis and deployment of renewable energy system is challenging because of large number of design options, uncertainty in future fuel price, intermittent and seasonal nature of renewable power generation. Irrespective of interconnection technology, the optimization of those power electronics based system is extremely important to minimize the operation cost. In this paper, a Distributed Intelligent Energy Management System (DIEMS) is implemented to optimize operating costs of a representative photovoltaics (PV) based microgrid. Depending on the Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network based forecast of PV generation, an optimization scheme is developed utilizing linear programming along with heuristics. Case studies are done for a household to demonstrate that the proposed DIEMS not only reduces the cost of operation, but also helps to improve overall system operation such as lower maintenance for storage and improved battery life. C1 [Chakraborty, Sudipta] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Simoes, M. Godoy] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chakraborty, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sudipta_chakraborty@nrel.gov; msimoes@mines.edu RI Simoes, Marcelo/J-9600-2012 OI Simoes, Marcelo/0000-0003-4124-061X FU National Science Foundation (NSF). FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 1925 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417001057 ER PT S AU Malmedal, K Kroposki, B Sen, PK AF Malmedal, Keith Kroposki, Ben Sen, P. K. GP IEEE TI Distributed Energy Resources and Renewable Energy in Distribution Systems: Protection Considerations and Penetration Levels SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc AB Distributed Energy Resources (DER) including renewables of various designs and ratings have become increasingly common in the last decade. Many States and the Federal government have passed Laws mandating a certain amount of energy be generated using renewables and/or alternative fuels that lend themselves to smaller power plants being connected to the utility system at the distribution level. Power electronics have also made substantial progress allowing inverter-connected smaller power plants with diverse types of fuels to be interconnected with the grid. Optimization of overall electrical system performance at the distribution level is very important for the long-term economic viability of DER systems. It is becoming more important to understand the integration of these systems with the existing electric power system. This paper will address the system integration and utilization issues associated with DER including renewables and will examine protection considerations and penetration limits for DER in the existing distribution systems. C1 [Malmedal, Keith] NEI Elect Power Engn, Arvada, CO 80001 USA. [Kroposki, Ben] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sen, P. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Malmedal, K (reprint author), NEI Elect Power Engn, Arvada, CO 80001 USA. EM kmalmedal@neiengineering.com; kroposki@nrel.gov; psen@mines.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 1933 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417001058 ER PT S AU Su, GJ Tang, LX AF Su, Gui-Jia Tang, Lixin GP IEEE TI A Three-Phase Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Automotive Applications SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE bidirectional dc-dc converter; phase shifted three phase converter; isolated dc-dc converter; asymmetrical duty cycle ID ASYMMETRICAL DUTY CYCLE; HIGH-POWER APPLICATIONS; PWM DC/DC CONVERTER; DESIGN AB This paper presents a three-phase soft-switching, bidirectional dc-dc converter for high-power automotive applications. The converter employs dual three-phase active bridges and operates with a novel asymmetrical but fixed duty cycle for the top and bottom switches of each phase leg. Simulation and experimental data on a 6-kW prototype are included to verify the novel operating and power flow control principles. C1 [Su, Gui-Jia; Tang, Lixin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov; tangl@ornl.gov RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 2403 EP 2409 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417001124 ER PT B AU Barnum, H Dahsten, OCO Leifer, M Toner, B AF Barnum, Howard Dahsten, Oscar C. O. Leifer, Matthew Toner, Ben GP IEEE TI Nonclassicality without entanglement enables bit commitment SO 2008 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Information Theory Workshop CY MAY 05-08, 2008 CL Porto, PORTUGAL SP IEEE ID QUANTUM-THEORY; INFORMATION AB We investigate the existence of secure bit commitment protocols in the convex framework for probabilistic theories. The theory makes only minimal assumptions, and can be used to formalize quantum theory, classical probability theory, and a host of other possibilities. We prove that in all such theories that are locally non-classical but do not have entanglement, there exists a bit commitment protocol that is exponentially secure in the number of systems used. C1 [Barnum, Howard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Informat Sci & Quantum Inst 3, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Dahsten, Oscar C. O.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Therorit Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Leifer, Matthew] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON, Canada. [Toner, Ben] Centrum Voor Wiskunde Informat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Barnum, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Informat Sci & Quantum Inst 3, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM barnum@lanl.gov; dahlsten@phys.etz.ch; matt@mattleifer.info; Ben.Toner@cwi.nl FU Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi); SECOQC; MITACS; ORDCF; FQXi [RFP1-06-006]; Government of Canada through NSERC; Province of Ontario through MRI; EU [FP6-FET]; QAP [CT-015848]; NWO VICI [639-023-302]; Dutch BSIK/BRICKS; US Department of Energy through the LDRD program at LANL FX Part of this work was completed at the workshop Operational probabilistic theories as foils to quantum theory, July 2-13 2007 at the University of Cambridge, funded by The Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi) and SECOQC. At IQC, ML was supported in part by MITACS and ORDCF. ML and OD were supported in part by grant RFP1-06-006 from FQXi. Research at Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics is supported in part by the Government of Canada through NSERC and by the Province of Ontario through MRI. BT is supported by the EU FP6-FET Integrated Project QAP CT-015848, NWO VICI project 639-023-302, and the Dutch BSIK/BRICKS project. HB was supported by the US Department of Energy through the LDRD program at LANL. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2269-2 PY 2008 BP 386 EP + DI 10.1109/ITW.2008.4578692 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIG31 UT WOS:000259299000086 ER PT S AU Bugallo, MF Takai, H Marx, M Bynum, D Hover, J AF Bugallo, Monica F. Takai, Helio Marx, Michael Bynum, David Hover, John GP IEEE TI MARIACHI: A multidisciplinary effort to bring science and engineering to the classroom SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE MARIACHI; ultra-high-energy cosmic rays; multidisciplinary education; radar-based techniques; scintillator ground detector AB MARIACHI(1) is a unique endeavor that integrates research at the frontier of our knowledge of the universe, with a broad program of training, education, advancement, and mentoring. Its scientific goal is to detect ultra-high-energy cosmic rays whose origin may provide insight into the evolution of the universe. The detection technique is novel and is based on radar-like technology (where signal processing plays a crucial role) and traditional scintillator ground detectors. The wide educational program flows from the research concept and involves students at all levels (high-school, undergraduate and graduate) working with a multidisciplinary team of scientists, engineers and educators. C1 [Bugallo, Monica F.; Marx, Michael; Bynum, David] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Takai, Helio; Hover, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bugallo, MF (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM monica@ece.sunysb.edu; takai@bnl.org RI Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012 OI Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307 FU National Science Foundation [OCI-0636194]; SBU/BNL Seed Grant Program [37298]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (OCI-0636194), the SBU/BNL Seed Grant Program (37298) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886). NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 2661 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4518196 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456701327 ER PT S AU Chartrand, R Yin, WT AF Chartrand, Rick Yin, Wotao GP IEEE TI Iteratively reweighted algorithms for compressive sensing SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing ICASSP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE compressive sensing; signal reconstruction; nonconvex optimization; iteratively reweighted least squares; l(1) minimization ID RECONSTRUCTION; PROJECTIONS AB The theory of compressive sensing has shown that sparse signals can be reconstructed exactly from many fewer measurements than traditionally believed necessary. In [1], it was shown empirically that using l(p) minimization with p < 1 can do so with fewer measurements than with p = 1. In this paper we consider the use of iteratively reweighted algorithms for computing local minima of the nonconvex problem. In particular, a particular regularization strategy is found to greatly improve the ability of a reweighted least-squares algorithm to recover sparse signals, with exact recovery being observed for signals that are much less sparse than required by an unregularized version (such as FOCUSS, [2]). Improvements are also observed for the reweighted-l(1) approach of [3]. C1 [Chartrand, Rick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Yin, Wotao] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Chartrand, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rickc@lanl.gov; wotao.yin@rice.edu RI Yin, Wotao/A-5472-2011; OI Yin, Wotao/0000-0001-6697-9731; Chartrand, Rick/0000-0003-3256-2238 FU Dean of Engineering at Rice University FX The second author was supported by an internal faculty research grant from the Dean of Engineering at Rice University. He would like to thank Elaine Hale and Yin Zhang for valuable help with coding. NR 22 TC 279 Z9 290 U1 4 U2 20 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 3869 EP + DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4518498 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456702290 ER PT S AU Phillips, JL Colvin, ME Lau, EY Newsam, S AF Phillips, Joshua L. Colvin, Michael E. Lau, Edmond Y. Newsam, Shawn BE Chen, Y He, J Reddy, CK Yang, J Yoo, I Zhang, X Gao, J Huang, Y Song, M Yang, J Wu, Z TI Analyzing Dynamical Simulations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Using Spectral Clustering SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICINE WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine Workshop-BIBMW LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine CY NOV 03-05, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE ID TRAJECTORIES; ENSEMBLES AB Continuing improvements in algorithms and computer speeds promise that an increasing number of biomolecular phenomena can be simulated by molecular dynamics to produce accurate "trajectories" of their molecular motions on the nanosecond to microsecond time scale. An important target for such simulations will be non-equilibrium biochemical processes, such as protein folding, but existing tools for analyzing molecular dynamics trajectories are not well suited to non-equilibrium processes and progress will require improvements in tools for classifying the range and types of dynamics exhibited by these systems. An extreme example of a non-equilibrium biochemical process is the function of "intrinsically disordered" proteins - proteins that function without ever folding into a unique structure. In this paper we demonstrate the use of spectral clustering methods to analyze the data produced from simulations of several forms from one class of intrinsically disordered proteins, the phenylalanine-glycine nucleoporins (FG-Nups). We explain why such methods are well-suited for the data produced by our simulations and show that clustering methods provide a direct, quantitative measure of how effectively single simulations independently sample regions of structural phase space. Moreover, our clustering results show distinct dynamical behavior in different forms of the FG-Nups, which may provide insights into their biological function. C1 [Phillips, Joshua L.; Newsam, Shawn] Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95348 USA. [Lau, Edmond Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Newsam, Shawn] Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95343 USA. RP Phillips, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95348 USA. EM jphillips7@ucmerced.edu; mcolvin@ucmerced.edu; lau12@llnl.gov; snewsam@ucmerced.edu FU NIH [GM077520]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and Biological & Environmental Research through U.C. Merced Center for Computational Biology; United States Department of Energy through University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with Prof. Miguel Carreira-Perpinan (UC Merced), Prof. Ajay Gopinathan (UC Merced), Prof. Michael Rexach (UC Santa Cruz), and Prof. V.V. Krishnan (CSU Fresno & UC Davis). This work was supported in part by NIH Grants GM077520 and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and Biological & Environmental Research through the U.C. Merced Center for Computational Biology. This work was also performed in part under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy through the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2163-6966 BN 978-1-4244-2890-8 J9 IEEE INT C BIO BIO W PY 2008 BP 17 EP + DI 10.1109/BIBMW.2008.4686204 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BIQ62 UT WOS:000262067000003 ER PT S AU Underwood, KD Levenhagen, M Hemmert, KS Brightwell, R AF Underwood, Keith D. Levenhagen, Michael Hemmert, K. Scott Brightwell, Ron GP IEEE TI High Message Rate, NIC-Based Atomics: Design and Performance Considerations SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP IEEE ID SHARED-MEMORY; ALGORITHMS; NETWORK AB Remote atomic memory operations are critical for achieving high-performance synchronization in tightly-coupled systems. Previous approaches to implementing atomic memory operations on high-performance networks have explored providing the primitives necessary to achieve low latency and low host processor overhead. In this paper, we explore the implementation of atomic memory operations with a focus on achieving high message rate. We believe that high message rate is a key performance characteristic that will determine the viability of a high-performance network to support future multi-petascale systems, especially those that expect to employ a partitioned global address space (PGAS) programming model. As an example, many have proposed using network interface level atomic operations to enhance the performance of the HPCC RandomAccess benchmark. This paper explores several issues relevant to the design of an atomic unit on the network interface. We explore the implications of the size of the cache as well as the associativity. Given the growing ratio of bandwidth to latency of modern host interfaces, we explore some of the interactions that impact the concurrency needed to saturate the interface. C1 [Underwood, Keith D.] Intel Corp, DEG Architecture & Planning, MS-1319,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Levenhagen, Michael; Hemmert, K. Scott; Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Underwood, KD (reprint author), Intel Corp, DEG Architecture & Planning, MS-1319,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM Keith.D.Underwood@intel.com; mjleven@sandia.gov; kshemme@sandia.gov; rbbrigh@sandia.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-1-4244-2639-3 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2008 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2008.4663764 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ05 UT WOS:000263868800015 ER PT S AU Desai, N Balaji, P Sadayappan, P Islam, M AF Desai, N. Balaji, P. Sadayappan, P. Islam, M. GP IEEE TI Are Nonblocking Networks Really Needed for High-End-Computing Workloads? SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP IEEE ID PROCESSOR ALLOCATION; HYPERCUBE COMPUTERS AB High-speed interconnects are frequently used to provide scalable communication on increasingly large high-end computing systems. Often, these networks are nonblocking, where there exist independent paths between all pairs of nodes in the system allowing for simultaneous communication with zero network contention. This performance, however, comes at a heavy cost as the number of components needed (and hence cost) increases superlinearly with the number of nodes in the system. In this paper, we study the behavior of real and synthetic super-computer workloads to understand the impact of the network's nonblocking capability on overall performance. Starting from a fully nonblocking network, we begin by assessing the worse-case performance degradation caused by removing interstage communication links, resulting in overprovisioning and hence potentially blocking in the communication network. We also study the impact of several factors on this behavior, including system workloads, multicore processors, and switch crossbar sizes. Our observations show that a significant reduction in the number of interstage links can be tolerated on all of the workloads analyzed, causing less than 5% overall loss of performance. C1 [Desai, N.; Balaji, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sadayappan, P.; Islam, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Desai, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM desai@mcs.anl.gov; balaji@mcs.anl.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu; islammo@cse.ohio-state.edu FU Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division sub program of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division sub program of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-1-4244-2639-3 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2008 BP 152 EP 159 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2008.4663766 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ05 UT WOS:000263868800017 ER PT S AU Trebon, N Beckman, P AF Trebon, Nick Beckman, Pete GP IEEE TI Empirical-based probabilistic upper bounds for urgent computing applications SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CLUSTER COMPUTING SE IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN SP IEEE AB Scientific simulation and modeling often aid in making critical decisions in such diverse fields as city planning, severe weather prediction and influenza modeling. In some of these situations the computations operate under strict deadlines, after which point the results may have very little value. In these cases of urgent computing, it is imperative that these computations begin execution as quickly as possible. The Special PRiority and Urgent Compute Environment (SPRUCE) is a framework designed to enable these high priority computations to quickly access computational Grid resources through elevated batch queue priority. However, participating resources are allowed to decide locally how to respond to urgent requests. For instance, some may offer next-to-run status while others may preempt currently executing jobs to clear off the necessary nodes. However, the user is still faced with the problem of resource selection - namely, which resource (and corresponding urgent computing policy) provides the best probability of meeting a given deadline? This paper introduces a set of methodologies and heuristics aimed at generating an empirical-based probabilistic upper bound on the total turnaround time for an urgent computation. These upper bounds can then be used to guide the user in selecting a resource with greater confidence that their deadline will be met. C1 [Trebon, Nick] Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, 1100 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Beckman, Pete] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Trebon, N (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Comp Sci, 1100 E 58th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM ntrebon@cs.uchicago.edu; beckman@mcs.anl.gov FU National Science Foundation Office of Cyberinfrastructure [0503697]; ETF Grid Infrastructure Group FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Office of Cyberinfrastructure, grant number 0503697 ETF Grid Infrastructure Group: Providing System Management and Integration for the TeraGrid. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1552-5244 BN 978-1-4244-2639-3 J9 IEEE INT C CL COMP PY 2008 BP 342 EP 347 DI 10.1109/CLUSTR.2008.4663793 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIZ05 UT WOS:000263868800044 ER PT S AU Watkins, L Beyah, R Corbett, C AF Watkins, Lanier Beyah, Raheem Corbett, Cherita GP IEEE TI Passive identification of under-utilized CPUs in high performance Cluster Grid networks SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-13 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2008) CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Chinese Inst Elect, Chinese Inst Commun, Tsinghu Univ, Beijing Univ, Posts & Telecommun DE grid computing; dynamic resource discovery; wavelet transform; passive resource discovery; CPU scheduling AB In this paper we propose a passive approach to using network traffic to discover the availability of resources in local distributed networks (e.g., Cluster Grids, Campus Desktop Grids, etc.). To our knowledge, this is the first approach of its kind. The ability to quickly identify resource availability is critical because the presence of available resources directly affects the job execution time of a distributed environment. The proposed method creates a delay sensitive profile generated by the analysis of monitored network traffic, which emulates high performance UDP based grid services such as file transfer applications (FOBS, Tsunami, UDT, SABUL., etc.), message passing platforms (MPICHG2/Score, etc.), and others. An energy value is derived from the delay sensitive profile, which represents the state (over-utilized CPU or under-utilized CPU) of the resource of interest. Then a simple threshold (derived from initial calibrations on the over-utilized resources.) is applied to the energy value to identify the state of the resource. This method could be used to enhance existing resource discovery algorithms used in local distributed networks because this approach is capable of passively determining a major dynamic resource attribute - CPU utilization. The main benefits are the reduction in the necessary complexity associated with the use of non-passive algorithms (e.g., flooding algorithm, name-dropper algorithm, distinctive awareness algorithm, etc.) and the reduction in the extra network traffic that results from the continual need to determine the availability of dynamic resources. Since this method is passive in nature, there is no need to query potential resources directly, to determine their availability to complete distributed computing related jobs. Results suggest that once the CPU utilization approaches 70% (unavailable) the network traffic produced by that node exhibits different behavior than when the CPU utilization is less than 70% (available). C1 [Watkins, Lanier; Beyah, Raheem] Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. [Corbett, Cherita] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Watkins, L (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. OI Watkins, Lanier/0000-0002-3322-1833 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-2074-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2008 BP 408 EP + DI 10.1109/ICC.2008.82 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIH49 UT WOS:000259505000074 ER PT S AU Sun, B Yan, GH Xiao, Y AF Sun, Bo Yan, Guanhua Xiao, Yang GP IEEE TI Worm propagation dynamics in wireless sensor networks SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-13 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2008) CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Chinese Inst Elect, Chinese Inst Commun, Tsinghu Univ, Beijing Univ, Posts & Telecommun AB Worms have become an emergent threat towards information confidentiality, integrity, and service availability. While playing an important role for people to interact with surrounding environments, wireless sensor networks suffer from growing security concerns posed by worms because of sensor networks' low physical security, lack of resilience and robustness of underlying operating systems, and the ever increased complexity of deployed applications. In this paper, we study worm propagation in 802.15.4 based wireless sensor networks. First we present a baseline worm model in the context of wireless sensor networks. Then we describe a preliminary study of the impact of various protocol parameters and network scenarios on worm propagation dynamics. Our simulation study can provide insight into deriving a suitable model to characterize worm propagation in sensor networks. C1 [Sun, Bo] Lamar Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. [Yan, Guanhua] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci CCS3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Xiao, Yang] Univ Alabama, Dept Comp Sci, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Sun, B (reprint author), Lamar Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Beaumont, TX 77710 USA. EM bsun@my.lamar.edu; ghyan@lanl.gov; yangxiao@ieee.org FU Texas Advanced Research Program [003581-0006-2006]; US National Science Foundation (NSF) [DUE-0633445, CNS-0716211, CNS-0737325] FX This research was supported in part by the Texas Advanced Research Program under grant 003581-0006-2006 and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants DUE-0633445, CNS-0716211, and CNS-0737325 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-2074-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2008 BP 1541 EP + DI 10.1109/ICC.2008.298 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIH49 UT WOS:000259505001036 ER PT S AU Smith, KA Rahn, CD Wang, CY AF Smith, Kandler A. Rahn, Christopher D. Wang, Chao-Yang GP IEEE TI Model-Based Electrochemical Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Conference on Control Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY SEP 03-05, 2008 CL San Antonio, CA SP IEEE ID INSERTION CELL; STATE; CHARGE; DISCHARGE AB A linear Kalman filter based on a reduced order electrochemical model is designed to estimate internal battery potentials, concentration gradients, and state of charge (SOC) from external current and voltage measurements. The estimates are compared with results from an experimentally validated one-dimensional nonlinear finite volume model of a 6 Ah hybrid electric vehicle battery. The linear filter gives, to within similar to 2%, performance in the 30%-70% SOC range, except in the case of severe current pulses that draw electrode surface concentrations to near saturation and depletion; however, the estimates recover as concentration gradients relax. With 4 to 7 states, the filter has low order comparable to empirical equivalent circuit models but provides estimates of the battery's internal electrochemical state. C1 [Smith, Kandler A.; Rahn, Christopher D.; Wang, Chao-Yang] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Smith, KA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM kandler_smith@nrel.gov; cdrahn@psu.edu; cxw31@psu.edu RI Wang, Chao-Yang/C-4122-2009 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1085-1992 BN 978-1-4244-2222-7 J9 IEEE INTL CONF CONTR PY 2008 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BIX39 UT WOS:000263577800021 ER PT S AU Solano-Quinde, LD Bode, BM AF Solano-Quinde, Lizandro D. Bode, Brett M. GP IEEE TI Module prototype for online failure prediction for the IBM Blue Gene/L SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRO/INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SE International Conference on Electro Information Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology CY MAY 18-20, 2008 CL Ames, IA SP IEEE DE Blue Gene/L; computer fault tolerance; failure analysis; software fault tolerance AB The growing complexity of scientific applications has led to the design and deployment of large-scale parallel systems. The IBM Blue Gene/L can hold in excess of 200K processors and it has been designed for high performance and reliability. However, failures in this large-scale parallel system are a major concern, since it has been demonstrated that a failure will significantly reduce the performance of the system. Although reactive fault tolerant policies effectively minimize the effects of faults, it has been shown that these techniques drastically reduce the system performance. Proactive fault tolerant policies have emerged as an alternative due to the reduced performance degradation they impose. Proactive fault tolerant policies are based on the analysis of information about the state of the system. The monitoring system of the IBM Blue Gene/L generates online information about the state of hardware and software of the system and stores that information in the RAS event log. In this study, we design and implement a module prototype for online failure prediction. This prototype is tested and validated, on a realistic scenario, using the RAS event log of an IBM Blue Gene/L system. We show that our module prototype for failure prediction predicts up to 70% of the fatal events. C1 [Solano-Quinde, Lizandro D.; Bode, Brett M.] Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Solano-Quinde, LD (reprint author), Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lsolano@scl.ameslab.gov; brett@scl.a.meslab.gov OI Bode, Brett/0000-0002-4202-1024 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2154-0357 BN 978-1-4244-2029-2 J9 INT CONF ELECTRO INF PY 2008 BP 470 EP 474 DI 10.1109/EIT.2008.4554349 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIG42 UT WOS:000259300100092 ER PT S AU Derr, K Manic, M AF Derr, Kurt Manic, Milos BE Fay, IA TI DSTiPE Algorithm for Fuzzy Spatio-Temporal Risk Calculation in Wireless Environments SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND FACTORY AUTOMATION, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation-ETFA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP IEEE, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Helmut Schmidt Univ, ABB Stotz Kontakt AB Time and location data play a very significant role in a variety of factory automation scenarios, such as automated vehicles and robots, their navigation, tracking, and monitoring, to services of optimization and security. Pervasive wireless capabilities combined with time and location information are enabling new applications in areas such as transportation systems, health care, elder care, military, emergency response, critical infrastructure, and law enforcement. A wireless object in proximity to some area for a duration of time may pose a risk hazard to the environment. This paper presents a novel fuzzy based spatio-temporal risk calculation DSTiPE method that a wireless object may present to the environment. The presented Matlab based application for cluster extraction is verified on a diagonal vehicle movement example. C1 [Derr, Kurt] Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Derr, K (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM derr5843@uidaho.edu; misko@ieee.org NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1946-0740 BN 978-1-4244-1505-2 J9 IEEE INT C EMERG PY 2008 BP 1161 EP + DI 10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638545 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BIL43 UT WOS:000260495500187 ER PT B AU Bush, B Duffy, M Sandor, D Peterson, S AF Bush, Brian Duffy, Michael Sandor, Debra Peterson, Steve GP IEEE TI Using System Dynamics to Model the Transition to Biofuels in the United States SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE DE system dynamics; biofuels; biomass; renewable; energy; system of systems; modeling; simulation AB Today, the US. consumes almost 21 million barrels of crude oil per day; approximately 60% of the U.S. demand is supplied by imports. The transportation sector alone accounts for two-thirds of US. petroleum use. Biofuels, liquid fuels produced from domestically-grown biomass, have the potential to displace about 30% of current US. gasoline consumption. Transitioning to a biofuels industry on this scale will require the creation of a robust biomass-to-biofuels system-of-systems that operates in concert with the existing agriculture, forestry, energy, and transportation markets. The US. Department Of Energy is employing a system dynamics approach to investigate potential market penetration scenarios for cellulosic ethanol, and to aid decision makers in focusing government actions on the areas with greatest potential to accelerate the deployment of biofuels and ultimately reduce the nation's dependence on imported oil. C1 [Bush, Brian; Duffy, Michael; Sandor, Debra] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Peterson, Steve] Peterson Grp, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Bush, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM brian_bush@nrel.gov; michael_duffy@nrel.gov; debra_sandor@nrel.gov; steve@evans-peterson.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 29 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000006 ER PT B AU Wirsbinski, JW AF Wirsbinski, John W. GP IEEE TI Paradox: Systems Thinking at its Best or at its Worst SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SOSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on System of Systems Engineering CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE AB It has been asserted that paradoxical thinking epitomizes systems thinking. This paper examines this assertion using systems thinking approaches, in particular soft systems methods and Systemigrams. Additional systems concepts such as boundary are also utilized. The analysis results provide insight into paradoxical thinking as a problem structuring method for dealing with complex engineering problems and their corresponding solutions (e.g., systems of systems) as well as opportunities for future research. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wirsbinski, JW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0434, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwwirsb@sandia.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2172-5 PY 2008 BP 171 EP 176 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJE67 UT WOS:000265213000030 ER PT B AU Ravula, SK Branch, DW Westlake, K Brener, I AF Ravula, Surendra K. Branch, Darren W. Westlake, Karl Brener, Igal GP IEEE TI Characterization and Modeling of a Bulk Acoustic Wave Particle Focusing Device SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID ULTRASONIC STANDING-WAVE; MANIPULATION AB In this paper, we discuss our work in the modeling and characterization of an acoustic-microfluidic focusing device that uses standing bulk acoustic waves to focus particles under flow. Modeling was done using Comsol Multiphysics (R) (Comsol, Los Angeles, CA), a multiphysics FEM tool, and the performance of the device was assessed through coefficient of variance (CV) measurements using a confocal microscope. C1 [Ravula, Surendra K.; Branch, Darren W.; Westlake, Karl; Brener, Igal] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ravula, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM skravul@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 35 EP 38 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622951 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400006 ER PT B AU Olsson, RH Washburn, CM Stevens, JE Tuck, MR Nordquist, CD AF Olsson, Roy H., III Washburn, Cody M. Stevens, James E. Tuck, Melanie R. Nordquist, Christopher D. GP IEEE TI VHF and UHF Mechanically Coupled Aluminum Nitride MEMS Filters SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID RESONATORS AB This paper reports the development of narrow-bandwidth, post-CMOS compatible aluminum nitride (AlN) MEMS filters operating in the very (VHF) and ultra (UHF high frequency bands. Percent bandwidths less than 0.1% are achieved utilizing a mechanically coupled filter architecture, where a quarter wavelength beam attached in low velocity coupling locations is used to connect two AlN ring resonators. The filter bandwidth has been successfully varied from 0.09% to 0.2% by moving the attachment of the coupling beam on the ring to locations with different velocity at resonance. Insertion losses of 11 dB are obtained for filters centered at 99.5 MHz with low termination impedances of 200 Omega. Utilizing a passive temperature compensation technique, the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) for these filters has been reduced from -21 ppm/C to 2.5 ppm/C. The reduced TCF is critical for narrow bandwidth filters, requiring only 13% of the filter bandwidth to account for military range (-55 to 125 C) temperature variations compared to 100% for uncompensated filters. Filters operating at 557 MHz are realized using overtone operation of the ring resonators and coupling beam where higher insertion losses of 32 dB into 50 Omega are seen due to the finite resonator quality factor and narrow bandwidth design. Overtone operation allows for the implementation of fully differential and balun type filters where the stop-band rejection is as high as 38 dB despite the increased insertion loss. C1 [Olsson, Roy H., III; Washburn, Cody M.; Stevens, James E.; Tuck, Melanie R.; Nordquist, Christopher D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olsson, RH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rholsso@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 634 EP 639 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623077 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400132 ER PT S AU Peterson, LE Coleman, MA AF Peterson, Leif E. Coleman, Matthew A. GP IEEE TI Text-Mining Protein-Protein Interaction Corpus Using Concept Clustering to Identify Intermittency SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID HIGH-ENERGY; FACTORIAL MOMENTS; FLUCTUATIONS; TURBULENCE; DATABASE; PREDICTION; SYSTEMS AB We used human protein-protein interaction (PPI) data transformed into documents to perform text-mining via concept clusters. The advantage of text-mining PPI data is that words (proteins) that are very sparse or over-abundant can be dropped, leaving the remaining bulk of data for clustering and rule mining. Libraries of tissue-specific binary PPIs were constructed from a list of 36,137 binary PPIs in the Human Protein Reference Database(HPRD). A randomization test for intermittency in the form of spikes and holes in frequency distributions of cluster-specific word frequencies was developed using scaled factorial moments. The test was based on a permutation form of a log-linear regression model to determine differences in slopes for ln(F-2) vs. ln(M) in the intermittent and null distributions. Significant intermittency (p < 0.0005) in PPI was detected for prostate and testis tissue after a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple tests. The presence of intermittency reflects spikes and holes in histograms of cluster-specific word frequencies and possibly suggests identification of novel large signal transduction pathways or networks. C1 [Peterson, Leif E.] Methodist Hosp, Res Inst, Ctr Biostat, 6565 Fannin St,Suite MGJ6-031, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Coleman, Matthew A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotech Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Peterson, LE (reprint author), Methodist Hosp, Res Inst, Ctr Biostat, 6565 Fannin St,Suite MGJ6-031, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM peterson.leif@ieee.org; coleman16@llnl.gov OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018; Peterson, Leif/0000-0002-1187-0883 NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 3634 EP + DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4634318 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827202078 ER PT S AU Jimeno, M Christensen, K Nordman, B AF Jimeno, Miguel Christensen, Ken Nordman, Bruce GP IEEE TI A Network Connection Proxy to Enable Hosts to Sleep and Save Energy SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (IPCCC 2008) SE IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC) CY DEC 07-09, 2008 CL Austin, TX AB Billions of dollars of electricity are being used to keep idle or unused network hosts fully powered-on only to maintain their network presence. We investigate how a Network Connectivity Proxy (NCP) could enable significant energy savings by allowing idle hosts to enter a low-power sleep state and still maintain full network presence. An NCP must handle ARP, ICMP, DHCP, and other low-level network presence tasks for a network host. An NCP must also be able to maintain TCP connections and UDP data flows and to respond to application messages. The focus of this paper is on how TCP connections can be kept alive during periods of host sleep by using a SOCKS-based approach called green SOCKS (gSOCKS) as part of an NCP. The gSOCKS includes awareness of the power state of a host. A prototype implementation of gSOCKS in a Linksys router shows that TCP connections can be preserved. C1 [Jimeno, Miguel; Christensen, Ken] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Nordman, Bruce] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jimeno, M (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM mjimeno@cse.usf.edu; christen@cse.usf.edu; bnordman@lbl.gov FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0721858]; Cisco Collaborative Research Initiative; California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research program FX The development of this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant CNS-0721858 (Christensen), Cisco Collaborative Research Initiative (Jimeno), and California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research program (Nordman). NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-2641 BN 978-1-4244-3368-1 J9 IEEE IPCCC PY 2008 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1109/PCCC.2008.4745133 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BUD68 UT WOS:000288942800013 ER PT B AU McMahon, TJ AF McMahon, T. J. GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP TI Solar cell/module degradation and failure diagnostics SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 46TH ANNUAL SE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE photovoltaics; PV modules; reliability; stress; testing AB Solar cell/module degradation and failure diagnostics are reviewed. Cell and packaging failure are distinguished. Failure relevant to photovoltaics(PV) is caused by and can be accelerated with each or combination of each of the following stresses: temperature, voltage, moisture, current, and thermal cycling. Failure mechanisms for the different module technologies are summarized. Diagnostic tools for locating the affected area within a large-area module are pointed out along with the importance of interpretation of the visual appearance of the different damage mechanisms. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP McMahon, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2049-0 J9 INT REL PHY PY 2008 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2008.4558880 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHZ18 UT WOS:000257615900026 ER PT S AU Narasimham, B Gadlage, MJ Bhuva, BL Schrimpf, RD Massengill, LW Holman, WT Witulski, AF Zhu, X Balasubramanian, A Wender, SA AF Narasimham, Balaji Gadlage, Matthew J. Bhuva, Bharat L. Schrimpf, Ronald D. Massengill, Lloyd W. Holman, W. Timothy Witulski, Arthur F. Zhu, Xiaowei Balasubramanian, Anupama Wender, Steve A. GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP TI Neutron and alpha particle-induced transients in 90 nm technology SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 46TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE soft error; single event; single event transient (SET); soft error rate (SER); pulse width; neutron; alpha ID SINGLE-EVENT UPSET AB Combinational logic soft errors are a major environment-related reliability issue in advanced CMOS processes. The key to determining logic soft error rates (SER) is detailed knowledge of neutron and alpha particle-induced single event transient (SET) pulse widths, but these pulse widths have not been measured previously. Experimental results obtained using a novel test chip fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS technology indicate the SET widths are similar to those of legitimate logic signals. C1 [Narasimham, Balaji; Gadlage, Matthew J.; Bhuva, Bharat L.; Schrimpf, Ronald D.; Massengill, Lloyd W.; Holman, W. Timothy; Witulski, Arthur F.; Balasubramanian, Anupama] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept EECS, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Zhu, Xiaowei] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. [Wender, Steve A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Narasimham, B (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept EECS, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM balaji.narasimham@vanderbilt.edu NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4244-2049-0 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2008 BP 478 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2008.4558932 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHZ18 UT WOS:000257615900079 ER PT S AU Porter, M Wilkinson, J Walsh, K Sierawski, B Warren, K Reed, RA Vizkelethy, G AF Porter, Mark Wilkinson, Jeff Walsh, Kevin Sierawski, Brian Warren, Kevin Reed, Robert A. Vizkelethy, Gyorgy GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP TI Soft error reliability improvements for implantable medical devices SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 46TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE SEU; SER; SEE; soft error AB As the expectations of physicians and patients have matured, the desire to utilize advanced CMOS technologies to provide increasingly sophisticated therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities has grown. This has pushed the high reliability implantable device business into the use of processes that are much more susceptible to soft error events than in the past. This paper discusses experimental and modeling results of logic upsets in a 0.25 mu m CMOS IC process. C1 [Porter, Mark; Walsh, Kevin] Medtron Microelect Ctr, Tempe, AZ USA. [Wilkinson, Jeff] Medtron, Mounds View, MN USA. [Sierawski, Brian; Warren, Kevin] Vanderbilt Univ, Inst Space & Def Elect, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Reed, Robert A.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Vizkelethy, Gyorgy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Porter, M (reprint author), Medtron Microelect Ctr, Tempe, AZ USA. OI , Jeff/0000-0001-6454-0477 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4244-2049-0 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2008 BP 488 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2008.4558934 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHZ18 UT WOS:000257615900081 ER PT S AU Herrera, GV Bauer, T Blain, MG Dodd, PE Dondero, R Garcia, EJ Galambos, PC Hetherington, DL Hudgens, JJ McCormick, FB Nielson, GN Nordquist, CD Okandan, M Olsson, RH Ortiz, K Platzbecker, MR Resnick, PJ Shul, RJ Shaw, MJ Sullivan, CT Watts, MR AF Herrera, G. V. Bauer, Todd Blain, M. G. Dodd, P. E. Dondero, R. Garcia, E. J. Galambos, P. C. Hetherington, D. L. Hudgens, J. J. McCormick, F. B. Nielson, G. N. Nordquist, C. D. Okandan, M. Olsson, R. H. Ortiz, K. Platzbecker, M. R. Resnick, P. J. Shul, R. J. Shaw, M. J. Sullivan, C. T. Watts, M. R. GP IEEE TI SOI-Enabled MEMS Processes Lead to Novel Mechanical, Optical, and Atomic Physics Devices SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SOI CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International SOI Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International SOI Conference CY OCT 06-09, 2008 CL New Platz, NY SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB Beginning in the mid-1990s, Sandia National Laboratories began its migration to Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers to develop a radiation-hardened semiconductor process for sub-0.5 mu m geometries. Successfully radiation hardening SOI technologies enabled an in-house processing familiarity that exceeded our expectations by opening opportunities to improve other technologies. Rather than rely on a single SOI technology, we have developed families of SOI processes using SOI wafers specifically tailored for each of a number of diverse applications. From this SOI expertise, we have designed, developed, and fabricated a number of novel devices that exploit a variety of mechanical, electrical, and optical phenomena, including atomic-physics based devices. We present a high-level description of our SOI process technologies using product examples. Of particular note are a novel accelerometer, RF MEMS microresonators and contacting switches, integrated optics (low-loss Si waveguides, the smallest and lowest power micro-ring modulators and thermo-optic phase modulators/switches), and ion traps for quantum computing (along with other atomic physics device examples). C1 [Herrera, G. V.; Bauer, Todd; Blain, M. G.; Dodd, P. E.; Dondero, R.; Garcia, E. J.; Galambos, P. C.; Hetherington, D. L.; Hudgens, J. J.; McCormick, F. B.; Nielson, G. N.; Nordquist, C. D.; Okandan, M.; Olsson, R. H.; Ortiz, K.; Platzbecker, M. R.; Resnick, P. J.; Shul, R. J.; Shaw, M. J.; Sullivan, C. T.; Watts, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Herrera, GV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-621X BN 978-1-4244-1954-8 J9 IEEE INT SOI CONF PY 2008 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1109/SOI.2008.4656269 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIQ60 UT WOS:000262065700002 ER PT S AU Zhou, JH Chang, S Liu, QS Pappas, G BoronikolaS, V Michaelides, M Volkow, ND Thanos, PK Metaxas, D AF Zhou, Jinghao Chang, Sukmoon Liu, Qingshan Pappas, George BoronikolaS, Vasilios Michaelides, Michael Volkow, Nora D. Thanos, Panayotis K. Metaxas, Dimitris GP IEEE TI A novel learning based segmentation method for rodent brain structures using MRI SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE biomedical image processing; image segmentation; learning systems; robust active shape model ID IMAGES AB This paper reports a novel method for fully automated segmentation of rodent brain volume by extending the robust active shape models to incorporate an automatic prior shape selection process. This automatic prior shape selection process using support vector machines provides an automatic shape initialization method for further segmentation of rodent brain structures such as Cerebellum, Neocortex, Corpus Callosum, External Capsule, Caudate Putamen, Hippocampus and Ventricles with the robust active shape model framework in magnetic resonance images (MRI). The mean successful rate of this classification method shows 92.2% accuracy compared to the expert-defined ground truth. We also demonstrate the very promising segmentation results of the robust active shape model framework in rodent brain volume. C1 [Zhou, Jinghao; Chang, Sukmoon; Liu, Qingshan; Metaxas, Dimitris] Rutgers State Univ, CBIM, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Chang, Sukmoon] Penn State Univ, Capital Coll, Comp Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Pappas, George; BoronikolaS, Vasilios; Michaelides, Michael; Volkow, Nora D.; Thanos, Panayotis K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhou, JH (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, CBIM, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-2002-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2008 BP 61 EP + DI 10.1109/ISBI.2008.4540932 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIB70 UT WOS:000258259800016 ER PT S AU Chang, H DeFilippis, RA Tlsty, TD Parvin, B AF Chang, Hang DeFilippis, Rosa Anna Tlsty, Thea D. Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI Scoring histological sections through immunohistochemistry SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE image segmentation; color processing AB Immunohistochemical staining of biological samples provides a rapid protocol for visualizing various complexes and organelles. However, this method of sample staining is seldom used for direct quantitative analysis due to variations in sample fixations, ambiguities introduced by color composition, and the limited dynamic range of imaging instruments. We demonstrate that, through the decomposition of color signals, staining can be scored on a cell-by-cell basis. We applied our method to fibroblasts grown from histologically normal breast tissue biopsies obtained from two populations. Nuclear regions are initially segmented by a cascade of filters and geometric constraints. Subsequently, the strength of staining is quantified by a color decomposition model that is optimized by graph cut algorithm. By including color decomposition in the process, nuclear segmentation can be validated (corrected) for subsequent geometric representation. Finally, signal complexes are associated with each nuclear region following region-based Voronoi tessellation. C1 [Chang, Hang; Parvin, Bahram] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Hang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Automat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [DeFilippis, Rosa Anna; Tlsty, Thea D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Chang, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA FX RESEARCH FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE, UNDER CONTRACT NUMBER DE-AC02-05CH11231 WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-2002-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2008 BP 344 EP + DI 10.1109/ISBI.2008.4541003 PG 3 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIB70 UT WOS:000258259800087 ER PT S AU Khan, S Cottereau, B Leahy, RM Mosher, JC Ammari, H Baillet, S AF Khan, S. Cottereau, B. Leahy, R. M. Mosher, J. C. Ammari, H. Baillet, S. GP IEEE TI A two-step imaging procedure for MEG characterization of cortical currents: Location and spatial extent SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE electromagnetic brain imaging; magnetoencephalography (MEG); current multipoles ID EXPANSIONS; EEG AB There is theoretical and experimental evidence that the spatial extent of mass neural activity is an important factor of brain response in neuroimaging studies. Direct estimation of the surface area of activated regions would importantly complement the quantitative analysis of amplitude variations of cortical currents. These latter are accessible at the regional scale through source modeling of magnetoencephalographic signals. Here we present a joint approach to the estimation of both the local spatial extent and amplitude variations of neural current sources. The technique operates in two consecutive steps: 1) the compact modeling of regional cortical currents using equivalent current multipoles and 2) the remapping of these latter back onto the cortical surface using a sparse-focal imaging model. This Multipole Cortical Remapping technique operates in a Bayesian framework. Performances are evaluated using extensive Monte-Carlo simulations and are complemented with real data from a somatosensory mapping MEG experiment. C1 [Khan, S.; Cottereau, B.; Baillet, S.] CNRS, Cognit Neurosci & Brain Imaging Lab, Paris, France. [Leahy, R. M.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Khan, S.; Cottereau, B.; Baillet, S.] Hop Salpetrier, Paris, France. [Cottereau, B.] ESME, Sudria Coll Engn, Ivry, France. [Mosher, J. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Ammari, H.] CNRS & ESPCI, Lab Ondes Acoust, Paris, France. [Khan, S.; Baillet, S.] Univ Paris 06, UPMC, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Khan, S (reprint author), CNRS, Cognit Neurosci & Brain Imaging Lab, Paris, France. RI Cottereau, Benoit/M-1096-2014 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-2002-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2008 BP 1067 EP + DI 10.1109/ISBI.2008.4541184 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIB70 UT WOS:000258259800268 ER PT S AU Han, J Chang, H Andarawewa, K Yaswen, P Barcellos-Hoff, MH Parvin, B AF Han, Ju Chang, Hang Andarawewa, Kumari Yaswen, Paul Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen Parvin, Bahram GP IEEE TI Integrated profiling of cell surface protein and nuclear marker for discriminant analysis SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMEDICAL IMAGING: FROM NANO TO MACRO, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging CY MAY 14-17, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE multivariate analysis of imaging assay; cadherin; segmentation; irradiation AB Cell membrane proteins play an important role in tissue architecture and cell-cell communication. We hypothesize that segmentation and multivariate characterization of the distribution of cell membrane proteins, on a cell-cell basis, enable improved classification of treatment groups and identify important characteristics that can otherwise be hidden. We have developed a series of computational steps to (i) delineate cell membrane protein signals and associate them with specific nuclei, (ii) compute a coupled representation of the multiplexed DNA content with membrane proteins and other end points, (iii) evaluate computed features associated with such a multivariate representation, and (iv) discriminate between treatment groups in an optimal fashion. The novelty of our method is in the segmentation of the membrane signal and the multivariate representation of phenotypes on a cell-cell basis. To test the utility of the new method, the proposed computational steps were applied to images of cells that have been irradiated with different radiation qualities in the presence and absence of TGF beta. These samples are labeled for their DNA content and E-cadherin membrane protein. We demonstrate that multivariate representation of cell-cell phenotypes improves predictive and visualization capabilities among different treatment groups, and increases quantitative sensitivity of cellular responses. C1 [Han, Ju; Chang, Hang; Andarawewa, Kumari; Yaswen, Paul; Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1945-7928 BN 978-1-4244-2002-5 J9 I S BIOMED IMAGING PY 2008 BP 1343 EP 1346 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIB70 UT WOS:000258259800337 ER PT B AU Santhi, N AF Santhi, Nandakishore GP IEEE TI Sparse Representations for Codes and the Hardness of Decoding LDPC Codes SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION THEORY PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory CY JUL 06-11, 2008 CL Toronto, CANADA SP IEEE, RIM, Ontario Cent Excellence, IBM Res, Microsoft Res AB The Maximum Likelihood Decoding problem is known to be NP-hard for binary linear codes, while belief propagation decoding is known to work well in practice for several LDPC codes. In this paper we give a polynomial time reduction from the Maximum Likelihood Decoding (MLD) problem for binary linear codes to the Weighted MLD problem for (3,3)LDPC codes. The reduction proves the NP-hardness of Weighted MLD for (3,3)-LDPC codes. It also provides a method which can be used to transform the decoding problem for dense codes to the decoding of sparse codes. The later problem is often more amenable to the use of belief propagation algorithm. For ease of presentation, we have organized the total reduction in several intermediate reductions, most of which are elementary and easy to follow. C1 LANL, CCS Div, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Santhi, N (reprint author), LANL, CCS Div, Div Theoret, PO 1663,MS B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nsanthi@lanl.gov OI Santhi, Nandakishore/0000-0002-4755-7821 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2256-2 PY 2008 BP 290 EP 294 DI 10.1109/ISIT.2008.4594994 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIK25 UT WOS:000260364400059 ER PT S AU Eckart, B Chen, X He, XB Scott, SL AF Eckart, Ben Chen, Xin He, Xubin Scott, Stephen L. GP IEEE TI Failure Prediction Models for Proactive Fault Tolerance within Storage Systems SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING, ANALYSIS & SIMULATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (MASCOTS) SE International Symposium on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems CY SEP 08-10, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE AB The increasingly large demand for data storage has spurred on the development of systems that rely on the aggregate performance of multiple hard drives. In many of these applications, reliability and availability are of utmost importance. It is therefore necessary to closely scrutinize a complex storage system's reliability characteristics. In this paper, we use Markov models to rigorously demonstrate the effects that failure prediction has on a system's mean time to data loss (MTTDL) given a parameterized sensitivity. We devise models for a single hard drive, RAID1, and N+1 type RAID systems. We find that the normal SMART failure prediction system has little impact on the MTTDL, but striking results can be seen when the sensitivity of the predictor reaches 0.5 or more. In past research, machine learning techniques have been proposed to improve SAMRT showing that sensitivity levels of 0.5 or more are possible by training on past SMART data alone. The results of our stochastic models show that even with such relatively modest predictive power these failure prediction algorithms can drastically extend the MTTDL of a data storage System. We feel that these results underscore the importance and need for complex prediction systems when calculating impending hard drive failures. C1 [Eckart, Ben; Chen, Xin; He, Xubin] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Eckart, B (reprint author), Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. EM bdeckart21@tntech.edu; xchen21@tntech.edu; hexb@tntech.edu; scottsl@ornl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1526-7539 BN 978-1-4244-2817-5 J9 I S MOD ANAL SIM COM PY 2008 BP 85 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BLT74 UT WOS:000270991700010 ER PT S AU Sherrell, J Wertz, JS Gruenbacher, D AF Sherrell, John Wertz, Jason S. Gruenbacher, Don GP IEEE TI A Discrete Event Simulation Model for Parallel Data Transfer Applications SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELING, ANALYSIS & SIMULATION OF COMPUTER AND TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (MASCOTS) SE International Symposium on Modeling Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems CY SEP 08-10, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE AB Developers of bulk data transfer applications have discovered that they can increase network utilization by transferring data over many sockets in parallel. We introduce a software model of parallel data transfer applications that leverages OPNET Modeler (R) to adapt to a wide range of network scenarios. We also compare preliminary simulation results with real-world performance data. C1 [Sherrell, John; Gruenbacher, Don] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Wertz, Jason S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sherrell, J (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM jms7373@ksu.edu; jswertz@sandia.gov; grue@ksu.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1526-7539 BN 978-1-4244-2817-5 J9 I S MOD ANAL SIM COM PY 2008 BP 350 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BLT74 UT WOS:000270991700043 ER PT B AU Teuscher, C Gulbahce, N Rohlf, T AF Teuscher, Christof Gulbahce, Natali Rohlf, Thimo GP IEEE TI Assessing random dynamical network architectures for nanoelectronics SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NANOSCALE ARCHITECTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures CY JUN 12-13, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; ANNEALED APPROXIMATION; GIGASCALE INTEGRATION; BOOLEAN NETWORKS; SMALL-WORLD AB Independent of the technology, it is generally expected that future nanoscale devices will be built from vast numbers of densely arranged devices that exhibit high failure rates. Other than that, there is little consensus on what type of technology and computing architecture holds most promises to go far beyond today's top-down engineered silicon devices. Cellular automata (CA) have been proposed in the past as a possible class of architectures to the von Neumann computing architecture, which is not generally well suited for future massively parallel and fine-grained nanoscale electronics. While the top-down engineered semi-conducting technology favors regular and locally interconnected structures, future bottom-up self-assembled devices tend to have irregular structures because of the current lack of precise control over these processes. In this paper, we will assess random dynamical networks, namely Random Boolean Networks (RBNs) and Random Threshold Networks (RTNs), as alternative computing architectures and models for future information processing devices. We will illustrate that-from a theoretical perspective-they offer superior properties over classical CA-based architectures, such as inherent robustness as the system scales up, more efficient information processing capabilities, and manufacturing benefits for bottom-up designed devices, which motivates this investigation. We will present recent results on the dynamic behavior and robustness of such random dynamical networks while also including manufacturing issues in the assessment. C1 [Teuscher, Christof] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gulbahce, Natali] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Complex Networks Res, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Rohlf, Thimo] Max Planck Inst Math Sci, Leipzig, Germany. RP Teuscher, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM christof@teuscher.ch; natali.gulbahce@gmail.com; rohlf@santafe.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program for this work. The authors would like to thank Elshan A. Akhadov and Hsing-Lin Wang. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2552-5 PY 2008 BP 16 EP + DI 10.1109/NANOARCH.2008.4585787 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIH08 UT WOS:000259442100003 ER PT B AU Yelick, K AF Yelick, Katherine GP IEEE TI Programming models for petascale to exascale SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB Multiple petascale systems will soon be available to the computational science community and will represent a variety of architectural models. These high-end systems, like all computing platforms, will have an increasing C, reliance on software-managed on-chip parallelism. These architectural trends brine, into question the message, passing programming model that has dominated high-end programming for the past decade. In this talk I will describe some of the technology challenges that will drive the design of future systems and their implications for software tools, algorithm design, and application programming. In particular, I will show a need to consider models other than message passing as we move towards massive on-chip parallelism. I will talk about a class of Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages, which are an alternative to both message passing models like MPI and shared memory models like OpenMP. PGAS languages offer the possibility of a programming model that will work well across a wide range of shared memory, distributed memory, and hybrid platforms. Some of these languages, including UPC, CAF and Titanium, are based on a static model of parallelism, which gives programmers direct control over the underlying processor resources. The restricted nature of the static parallelism model in these languages has advantages in terms of implementation simplicity, analyzability, and performance transparency, but some applications demand a more dynamic execution model, similar to that of Charm++ or the recently developed HPCS languages (X10, Chapel, and Fortress). I will describe some of our experience working with both static and dynamically managed applications and some of the research challenges that I believe will be critical in developing viable programming techniques for future systems. C1 Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, UC Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Yelick, K (reprint author), Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, UC Berkeley, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400004 ER PT B AU Park, BH Schmidt, M Thomas, K Karpinets, T Samatova, NF AF Park, Byung-Hoon Schmidt, Matthew Thomas, Kevin Karpinets, Tatiana Samatova, Nagiza F. GP IEEE TI Parallel, scalable, memory-efficient backtracking for combinatorial modeling of large-scale biological systems SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; STRESS; GENES AB Data-driven modeling of biological systems such as protein-protein interaction networks is data-intensive and combinatorially challenging. Backtracking can constrain a combinatorial search space. Yet, its recursive nature, exacerbated by dida-intensity, limits its applicability for large-scale systems. Parallel, scalable, and memory-efficient backtracking is a promising approach Parallel backtracking suffers from unbalanced loads. Load rebalancing via synchronization and data movement is prohibitively expensive. Balancing these discrepancies, while minimizing end-to-end execution time and memory requirements, is desirable. This paper introduces such a framework. Its scalability and efficiency, demonstrated on the maximal clique enumeration problem, are attributed to the proposed: (a) representation of search tree decomposition to enable parallelization; (b) depth-first parallel search to minimize memory requirement; (c) least stringent synchronization to minimize data movement; and (d) on-demand work stealing with stack splitting to minimize processors' idle time. The applications of this framework to real biological problems related to bioethanol production are discussed. C1 [Park, Byung-Hoon; Schmidt, Matthew; Karpinets, Tatiana; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Schmidt, Matthew; Samatova, Nagiza F.] N Carolina State Univ, Comp Sci Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM samatovan@ornl.gov RI Karpinets, Tatiana/F-4505-2011 FU U.S.Department of Energy (Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science); Laboratory Directed Research; Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT- Battelle for the LLC U.S. D.O.E. [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX This research has been supported by the "Exploratory Data Intensive Computing for Complex Biological Systems" project from U.S.Department of Energy (Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science). The work of NFS was also sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT- Battelle for the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 536 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400071 ER PT B AU Alam, SR Agarwal, PK Hampton, SS Ong, H Vetter, JS AF Alam, Sadaf R. Agarwal, Pratul K. Hampton, Scott S. Ong, Hong Vetter, Jeffrey S. GP IEEE TI Impact of multicores on large-scale molecular dynamics simulations SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB Processing nodes of the Cray XT and IBM Blue Gene Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) systems are composed of multiple execution units, sharing memory and network subsystems. These multicore processors offer greater computational power, but may be hindered by resource contention. In order to understand and avoid such situations, we investigate the impact of resource contention on three scalable molecular dynamics suites: AMBER (PMEMD module), LAMMPS, and NAMD. The results reveal the factors that can inhibit scaling and performance efficiency on emerging multicore processors. C1 [Alam, Sadaf R.; Agarwal, Pratul K.; Hampton, Scott S.; Ong, Hong; Vetter, Jeffrey S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alam, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 544 EP 550 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400072 ER PT B AU Shet, AG Elwasif, WR Harrison, RJ Bernholdt, DE AF Shet, Aniruddha G. Elwasif, Wael R. Harrison, Robert J. Bernholdt, David E. GP IEEE TI Programmability of the HPCS languages: A case study with a quantum chemistry kernel SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID PERFORMANCE COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AB As high-end computer systems present users with rapidly increasing numbers of processors, possibly also incorporating attached co-processors, programmers are increasingly challenged to express the necessary levels of concurrency with the dominant parallel programming model, Fortran+MPI+OpenMP (or minor variations). In this paper, we examine the languages developed under the DARPA High-Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) program (Chapel, Fortress, and X10) as representatives of a different parallel programming model which might be more effective on emerging high-performance systems. The application used in this study is the Hartree-Fock method from quantum chemistry, which combines access to distributed data with a task-parallel algorithm and is characterized by significant irregularity in the computational tasks. We present several different implementation strategies for load balancing of the task-parallel computation, as well as distributed array operations, in each of the three languages. We conclude that the HPCS languages provide a wide variety of mechanisms for expressing parallelism, which can be combined at multiple levels, making them quite expressive for this problem. C1 [Shet, Aniruddha G.; Elwasif, Wael R.; Harrison, Robert J.; Bernholdt, David E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shet, AG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shetag@ornl.gov; elwasifwr@ornl.gov; harrisonrj@ornl.gov; bernholdtde@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 622 EP 629 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400082 ER PT B AU Kamil, S Shalf, J Strohmaier, E AF Kamil, Shoaib Shalf, John Strohmaier, Erich GP IEEE TI Power efficiency in high performance computing SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB After 15 years of exponential improvement in microprocessor clock rates, the physical principles allowing for Dennard scaling, which enabled performance improvements without a commensurate increase in power consumption, have all but ended. Until now, most HPC systems have not focused on power efficiency. However, as the cost of power reaches parity with capital costs, it is increasingly important to compare systems with metrics based on the sustained performance per watt. Therefore we need to establish practical methods to measure power consumption of such systems in situ in order to support such metrics. Our study provides power measurements for various computational loads on the largest scale HPC systems ever involved in such an assessment. This study demonstrates clearly that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the power consumed while running the High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark is very close to the power consumed by any subset of a typical compute-intensive scientific workload. Therefore, HPL, which in most cases cannot serve as a suitable workload for performance measurements, can be used for the purposes of power measurement. Furthermore, we show through measurements on a large scale system that the power consumed by smaller subsets of the system can be projected straightforwardly and accurately to estimate the power consumption of the full system. This allows a less invasive approach for determining the power consumption of large-scale systems. C1 [Kamil, Shoaib] LBNL UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. [Shalf, John] LBNL NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strohmaier, Erich] LBNL CRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kamil, S (reprint author), LBNL UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. EM sakamil@lbl.gov; jshalf@lbl.gov; estrohmaier@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 870 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400114 ER PT B AU Zhu, M Wu, Q Rao, NSV AF Zhu, Mengxia Wu, Qishi Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI Computational monitoring and steering using network-optimized visualization and Ajax web server SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB We describe a system for computational monitoring and steering of an on-going computation or visualization on a remote host such as workstation or supercomputer Unlike the conventional "launch-and-leave" batch computations, this system enables: (i) continuous monitoring of variables of an on-going remote computation using visualization tools, and (ii) interactive specification of chosen computational parameters to steer the computation. The visualization and control streams are supported over widearea networks using transport protocols based on stochastic approximation methods to provide stable throughput. Using performance models for transport channels and visualization modules, we develop a visualization pipeline configuration solution that minimizes end-to-end delay over widearea connections. The user interface utilizes Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax) technologies to provide an interactive environment that can be accessed by multiple remote users using web browsers. We present experimental results on a geographically distributed deployment to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. C1 [Zhu, Mengxia] So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Wu, Qishi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhu, M (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mzhu@cs.siu.edu; qishiwu@memphis.edia; raons@ornl.gov FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0721980]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [PO 4000056349]; University of Memphis FX This research is partially sponsored by National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0721980 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. PO 4000056349 with University of Memphis. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1279 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400151 ER PT B AU Pakin, S AF Pakin, Scott GP IEEE TI Receiver-initiated message passing over RDMA networks SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID MODE MPI IMPLEMENTATION; COMMUNICATION; ARCHITECTURE; PROCESSOR AB Providing point-to-point messaging-passing semantics atop Put/Get hardware traditionally involves implementing a protocol comprising three network latencies. In this paper we analyze the performance of an alternative implementation approach-receiver-initiated message passing-that eliminates one of the three network latencies. Performance measurements taken on the Cell Broadband Engine indicate that receiver-initiated message passing exhibits substantially lower latency than standard, sender-initiated message passing. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL CCS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pakin, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL CCS1, CCS-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pakin@lanl.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1303 EP 1314 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400153 ER PT B AU Fahey, M Larkin, J Adams, J AF Fahey, Mark Larkin, Jeff Adams, Joylika GP IEEE TI I/O performance on a massively parallel Cray XT3/XT4 SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB We present an overview of the current status of input/output (I/O) on the Cray XT line of supercomputers and provide guidance to application developers and users for achieving efficient I/O. Many I/O benchmark results are presented, based on projected I/O requirements for some widely used scientific applications in the Department of Energy. Finally, we interpret and summarize these benchmark results to provide forward-looking guidance for I/O in large-scale application runs on a Cray XT3/XT4. C1 [Fahey, Mark] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Larkin, Jeff] Cray Inc, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Adams, Joylika] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Fahey, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM faheymr@ornl.gov; larkin@cray.com; jadams49@fisk.edu FU Mathematical Information and Computational Sciences Division; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0500OR22725]; UT-Battelle; LLC; Research Alliance in Math and Science program; NCCS at ORNL; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0500OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC0500OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This research was also sponsored by the Research Alliance in Math and Science program, which is sponsored by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, U.S. Department of Energy. This research used the resources of the NCCS at ORNL, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC0500OR22725. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1392 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501400161 ER PT B AU Yu, WK Vetter, JS Oral, HS AF Yu, Weikuan Vetter, Jeffrey S. Oral, H. Sarp GP IEEE TI Performance characterization and optimization of parallel I/O on the Cray XT SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID NETWORK AB This paper presents an extensive characterization, tuning, and optimization of parallel PO on the Cray XT supercomputer, named Jaguar, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We have characterized the performance and scalability for different levels of storage hierarchy including a single Lustre object storage target, a single S2A storage couplet, and the entire system. Our analysis covers both data- and metadata-intensive I/O patterns. In particular, for small, non-contiguous data-intensive I/O on Jaguar, we have evaluated several parallel I/O techniques, such as data sieving and two-phase collective I/O, and shed light on their effectiveness. Based on our characterization, we have demonstrated that it is possible, and often prudent, to improve the I/O performance of scientific benchmarks and applications by tuning and optimizing I/O. For example, we demonstrate that the I/O performance of the S3D combustion application can be improved at large scale by tuning the I/O system to avoid a bandwidth degradation of 49% with 8192 processes when compared to 4096 processes. We have also shown that the performance of Flash I/O can be improved by 34% by tuning the collective I/O parameters carefully. C1 [Yu, Weikuan; Vetter, Jeffrey S.; Oral, H. Sarp] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yu, WK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wyu@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; oralhs@ornl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1468 EP 1478 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401005 ER PT B AU Liu, Y Nassar, R Leangsuksun, C Naksinehaboon, N Paun, M Scott, SL AF Liu, Yudan Nassar, Raja Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box) Naksinehaboon, Nichanion Paun, Mihaela Scott, Stephen L. GP IEEE TI An optimal checkpoint/restart model for a large scale High Performance Computing system SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE DE large-scale distributed system events log analysis; reliability; fault-tolerance; checkpoint/restart model; HPC ID PLACEMENT; RECOVERY; INTERVAL; ROLLBACK AB The increase in the physical size of High Performance Computing (HPC) platform makes system reliability more challenging. In order to minimize the performance loss (rollback and checkpoint overheads) due to unexpected failures or unnecessary overhead of fault tolerant mechanisms, we present a reliability-aware method for an optimal checkpoint/restart strategy. Our scheme aims at addressing fault tolerance challenge, especially in a large-scale HPC system, by providing optimal checkpoint placement techniques that are derived from the actual system reliability. Unlike existing checkpoint models, which can only handle Poisson failure and a constant checkpoint interval, our model can deal with a varying checkpoint interval and with different failure distributions. In addition, the approach considers optimality for both checkpoint overhead and rollback time. Our validation results suggest a significant improvement over existing techniques. C1 [Liu, Yudan; Nassar, Raja; Leangsuksun, Chokchai (Box); Naksinehaboon, Nichanion; Paun, Mihaela] Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Scott, Stephen L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Coll Engn & Sci, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM yli010@latech.edu; nassar@latech.edu; box@latech.edu; nna003@latech.edu; mpaun@latech.edu; scottsl@ornl.gov RI Paun, Mihaela/C-3539-2011 OI Paun, Mihaela/0000-0002-3342-9140 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER25659]; Mathematics, Information and Computational Sciences Office; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle; LLC FX Research supported by the Department of Energy Grant no: DE-FG02-05ER25659 Research supported by the Mathematics, Information and Computational Sciences Office, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 19 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1491 EP + DI 10.1109/IPDPS.2008.4536279 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401007 ER PT B AU Koop, MJ Jones, T Panda, DK AF Koop, Matthew J. Jones, Terry Panda, Dhabaleswar K. GP IEEE TI MVAPICH-Aptus: Scalable high-performance multi-transport MPI over InfiniBand SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB The need for computational cycles continues to exceed availability, driving commodity clusters to increasing scales. With upcoming clusters containing tens-of-thousands of cores, InfiniBand is a popular interconnect on these clusters, due to its low latency (1.5 mu sec) and high bandwidth (1.5 GB/sec). Since most scientific applications running on these clusters are written using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) as the parallel programming model, the MPI library plays a key role in the performance and scalability of the system. Nearly all MPIs implemented over InfiniBand currently use the Reliable Connection (RC) transport of InfiniBand to implement message passing. Using this transport exclusively, however, has been shown to potentially reach a memory footprint of over 200MB/task at 16K tasks for the MPI library. The Unreliable Datagram (UD) transport, however, offers higher scalability, but at the cost of medium and large message performance. In this paper we present a multi-transport MPI design, MVAPICH-Aptus, that uses both the RC and UD transports of InfiniBand to deliver scalability and performance higher than that of a single-transport MPI design. Evaluation of our hybrid design on 512 cores shows a 12% improvement over an RC-based design and 4% better than a UD-based design for the SMG2000 application benchmark. In addition, for the molecular dynamics application NAMD we show a 10% improvement over an RC-only design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such analysis and design of optimized MPI using both UD and RC. C1 [Koop, Matthew J.; Panda, Dhabaleswar K.] Ohio State Univ, Network Based Comp Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Panda, Dhabaleswar K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Koop, MJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Network Based Comp Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM koop@cse.ohio-state.edu; trj@llnl.gov; panda@cse.ohio-state.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-06ER25749, DE-FC02-06ER25755]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-CONF-400676]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0403342, CCF-0702675]; Wright Center for Innovation [WCI04-010-OSU-0] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-400676). This research also supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy grants #DE-FC02-06ER25749 and #DE-FC02-06ER25755; National Science Foundation grants #CNS-0403342 and #CCF-0702675; grant from Wright Center for Innovation #WCI04-010-OSU-0. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1533 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401011 ER PT B AU Williams, S Carter, J Oliker, L Shalf, J Yelick, K AF Williams, Samuel Carter, Jonathan Oliker, Leonid Shalf, John Yelick, Katherine GP IEEE TI Lattice Boltzmann simulation optimization on leading multicore platforms SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB We present an auto-tuning approach to optimize application performance on emerging multicore architectures. The methodology extends the idea of search-based performance optimizations, popular in linear algebra and FFT libraries, to application-specific computational kernels. Our work applies this strategy to a lattice Boltzmann application (LBMHD) that historically has made poor use of scalar microprocessors due to its complex data structures and memory access patterns. We explore one of the broadest sets of multicore architectures in the HPC literature, including the Intel Clovertown, AMD Opteron X2, Sun Niagara2, STI Cell, as well as the single core Intel Itanium2. Rather than hand-tuning LBMHD for each system, we develop a code generator that allows us identify a highly optimized version for each platform, while amortizing the human programming effort. Results show that our autotuned LBMHD application achieves up to a 14x improvement compared with the original code. Additionally, we present detailed analysis of each optimization, which reveal surprising hardware bottlenecks and software challenges for future multicore systems and applications. C1 [Williams, Samuel; Carter, Jonathan; Oliker, Leonid; Shalf, John; Yelick, Katherine] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CRD NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1665 EP 1678 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401023 ER PT B AU Sancho, JC Kerbyson, DJ AF Sancho, Jose Carlos Kerbyson, Darren J. GP IEEE TI Analysis of double buffering on two different multicore architectures: Quad-core Opteron and the Cell-BE SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID MULTIPROCESSOR AB In order to take full advantage of multi-core processors careful attention must be given to the way in which each core interacts with main memory. In data-rich parallel applications multiple transfers between the main memory and local memory (cache or other) of each core will be required. It will be increasingly important to overlap these data transfers with useful computation in order to achieve high performance. One approach to exploit this compute-transfer overlap is to use double-buffering techniques that require minimal resources in the local memory available to the cores. In this paper, we present optimized buffering techniques and evaluate them for two state-of-the-art multi-core architectures: quad-core Opteron and the Cell-BE. Experimental results show that using double buffering can substantially deliver higher performance for codes with data-parallel loop structures. Performance improvements of 1.4x and 2.2x can be achieved for the quad-core Opteron and Cell-BE respectively. Moreover, this study also provides insight into the application characteristics required for achieving improved performance when using double-buffering, and also the tuning that is required in order to achieve optimal performance. C1 [Sancho, Jose Carlos; Kerbyson, Darren J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Sci HPC CCS 1, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sancho, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Sci HPC CCS 1, PAL, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sancho , Jose Carlos/B-3125-2016 OI Sancho , Jose Carlos/0000-0002-6917-9155 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1909 EP 1920 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401044 ER PT B AU Curry, ML Skjellum, A Ward, HL Brightwell, R AF Curry, Matthew L. Skjellum, Anthony Ward, H. Lee Brightwell, Ron GP IEEE TI Accelerating Reed-Solomon coding in RAID systems with GPUs SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID STORAGE AB Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) have been applied to more types of computations than just graphics processing for several years. Until recently, however GPU hardware has not been capable of efficiently performing general data processing tasks. With the advent of more general-purpose extensions to GPUs, many more types of computations are now possible. One such computation that we have identified as being suitable for the GPUs unique architecture is Reed-Solomon coding in a manner appropriate for RAID-type systems. In this paper we motivate the need for RAID with triple-disk parity and describe a pipelined architecture for using a GPU for this purpose. Performance results show that the GPU can outperform a modem CPU on this problem by an order of magnitude and also confirm that a GPU can be used to support a system with at least three parity disks with no performance penalty. C1 [Curry, Matthew L.; Skjellum, Anthony] Univ Alabama Birmingham, 115A Campbell Hall,1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Ward, H. Lee; Brightwell, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Comp Informat & Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Curry, ML (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, 115A Campbell Hall,1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM curryml@cis.uab.edu; tony@cis.uab.edu; lee@sandia.gov; rbbrigh@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 1981 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401050 ER PT B AU Khanna, G Catalyurek, U Kurc, T Kettimuthu, R Sadayappan, P Saltz, J AF Khanna, Gaurav Catalyurek, Umit Kurc, Tahsin Kettimuthu, Rajkumar Sadayappan, P. Saltz, Joel GP IEEE TI A dynamic scheduling approach for coordinated wide-area data transfers using GridFTP SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID TASKS AB Many scientific applications need to stage large volumes of files from one set of machines to another set of machines in a wide-area network. Efficient execution of such data transfers needs to take into account the heterogeneous nature of the environment and dynamic availability of shared resources. This paper proposes an algorithm that dynamically schedules a batch of data transfer requests with the goal of minimizing the overall transfer time. The proposed algorithm performs simultaneous transfer of chunks of files from multiple file replicas, if the replicas exist. Adaptive replica selection is employed to transfer different chunks of the same file by taking dynamically changing network bandwidths into account. We utilize GridFTP as the underlying mechanism for data transfers. The algorithm makes use of information from past GridFTP transfers to estimate network bandwidths and resource availability. The efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated on a wide-area testbed. C1 [Khanna, Gaurav; Sadayappan, P.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Catalyurek, Umit; Kurc, Tahsin; Saltz, Joel] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH USA. [Kettimuthu, Rajkumar] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL USA. RP Khanna, G (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Catalyurek, Umit/A-2454-2008 OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 FU National Science Foundation [CCF-0342615, CNS-0403342, CNS-0643969] FX This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grants #CCF-0342615, #CNS-0403342 and #CNS-0643969. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 2011 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401053 ER PT B AU Barker, K Davis, K Hoisie, A Kerbyson, D Lang, M Pakin, S Sancho, JC AF Barker, Kevin Davis, Kei Hoisie, Adolfy Kerbyson, Darren Lang, Mike Pakin, Scott Sancho, Jose Carlos GP IEEE TI Experiences in scaling scientific applications on current-generation quad-core processors SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB In this work we present an initial performance evaluation of AMD and Intel's first quad-core processor offerings: the AMD Barcelona and the Intel Xeon X7350. We examine the suitability of these processors in quad-socket compute nodes as building blocks for large-scale scientific computing clusters. Our analysis of intra-processor and intra-node scalability of microbenchmarks and a range of large-scale scientific applications indicates that quad-core processors can deliver an improvement in performance of up to 4x per processor but is heavily dependent on the workload being processed. While the Intel processor has a higher clock rate and peak performance, the AMD processor has higher memory bandwidth and intra-node scalability. The scientific applications we analyzed exhibit a range of performance improvements from only 3x up to the full 16x speed-up over a single core. Also, we note that the maximum node performance is not necessarily achieved by using all 16 cores. C1 [Barker, Kevin; Davis, Kei; Hoisie, Adolfy; Kerbyson, Darren; Lang, Mike; Pakin, Scott; Sancho, Jose Carlos] Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Barker, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Sancho , Jose Carlos/B-3125-2016 OI Sancho , Jose Carlos/0000-0002-6917-9155 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 2150 EP 2157 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401070 ER PT B AU Johnson, G Kerbyson, DJ Lang, M AF Johnson, Gregory Kerbyson, Darren J. Lang, Mike GP IEEE TI Optimization of Infiniband for scientific applications SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB The achievable performance on Infiniband networks is governed by the latencies and bandwidths of communication channels as well as by contention within the network Currently Infiniband statically routes messages and thus do not take into account dynamic loading of the channels. By interrogating the network routing tables we quantify the contention that occurs for a number of communication patterns using a large-scale (1024 processor) system. Empirical data confirms our contention calculation almost exactly. Custom routing tables are defined that provide both optimum and worst-case performance for a large-range of communication patterns. Performance differences can be as large as 12x (from optimum to worst-case). Two large-scale applications show a runtime improvement of between 10-20% and up to 40% improvement in just their communication time when using optimized routing tables. The approach taken is applicable to many Infiniband systems, and we expect the performance improvements to be even greater on larger-scale systems. C1 [Johnson, Gregory; Kerbyson, Darren J.; Lang, Mike] Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, PAL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 2174 EP 2181 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401073 ER PT B AU Wheeler, KB Murphy, RC Thain, D AF Wheeler, Kyle B. Murphy, Richard C. Thain, Douglas GP IEEE TI Qthreads: An API for programming with millions of lightweight threads SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB Large scale hardware-supported multithreading, an attractive means of increasing computational power, benefits significantly from low per-thread costs. Hardware support for lightweight threads is a developing area of research. Each architecture with such support provides a unique interface, hindering development for them and comparisons between them. A portable abstraction that provides basic lightweight thread control and synchronization primitives is needed. Such an abstraction would assist in exploring both the architectural needs of large scale threading and the semantic power of existing languages. Managing thread resources is a problem that must be addressed if massive parallelism is to be popularized. The qthread abstraction enables development of large-scale multithreading applications on commodity architectures. This paper introduces the qthread API and its Unix implementation, discusses resource management, and presents performance results from the HPCCG benchmark. C1 [Wheeler, Kyle B.; Thain, Douglas] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Murphy, Richard C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wheeler, KB (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM kwheeler@cse.nd.edu; rcmurphy@sandia.gov; dthain@cse.nd.edu FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04- 94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04- 94AL85000. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 2282 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401087 ER PT B AU Chavarria-Miranda, D Marquez, A Nieplocha, J Maschhoff, K Scherrer, C AF Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel Marquez, Andres Nieplocha, Jarek Maschhoff, Kristyn Scherrer, Chad GP IEEE TI Early experience with out-of-core applications on the Cray XMT SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID FACTORIZATION AB This paper describes our early experiences with a pre-production Cray XMT system that implements a scalable shared memory architecture with hardware support for multithreading. Unlike its predecessor, the Cray MTA-2 that had very limited I/IO capability, the Cray XMT offers Lustre, a scalable high-performance parallel file system. Therefore it enables development of out-of-core applications that can deal with very large data sets that otherwise would not fit in the system main memory. Our application performs statistically-based anomaly detection for categorical data that can be used for analysis of Internet traffic data. Experimental results indicate that the preproduction version of the machine is able to achieve good performance and scalability for the in- and out-of-core versions of the application. C1 [Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel; Marquez, Andres] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nieplocha, Jarek] Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA USA. RP Chavarria-Miranda, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.chavarria@pnl.gov; andres.marquez@pnl.gov; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov; kristyn@cray.com; chad.scherrer@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under the Data Intensive Computing Initiative [DE-ACO6-76RL01830]; US Department of Energys Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Data Intensive Computing Initiative; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-ACO6-76RL01830] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energys Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under the Data Intensive Computing Initiative. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-ACO6-76RL01830. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 2290 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501401088 ER PT B AU Wu, QS Gu, Y Zhu, MX Rao, NSV AF Wu, Qishi Gu, Yi Zhu, Mengxia Rao, Nageswara S. V. GP IEEE TI Optimizing network performance of computing pipelines in distributed environments SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Workshop on Advances in Parallel and Distributed Computational Models/22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE ID VISUALIZATION AB Supporting high performance computing pipelines over wide-area networks is critical to enabling large-scale distributed scientific applications that require fast responses for interactive operations or smooth flows for data streaming. We construct analytical cost models for computing modules, network nodes, and communication links to estimate the computing times on nodes and the data transport times over connections. Based on these time estimates, we present the Efficient Linear Pipeline Configuration method based on dynamic programming that partitions the pipeline modules into groups and strategically maps them onto a set of selected computing nodes in a network to achieve minimum end-to-end delay or maximum frame rate. We implemented this method and evaluated its effectiveness with experiments on a large set of simulated application pipelines and computing networks. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the Streamline and Greedy algorithms. These results, together with polynomial computational complexity, make our method a potential scalable solution for large practical deployments. C1 [Wu, Qishi; Gu, Yi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Zhu, Mengxia] So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, Q (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM qishiwu@memphis.edu; yigu@memphis.edu; mzhu@cs.siu.edu; raons@oml.gov FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0721980]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [PO4000056349]; University of Memphis FX This research is sponsored by National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0721980 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory,U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. PO4000056349 with University of Memphis. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 2945 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501402017 ER PT B AU Xu, J Mustapha, B Aseev, VN Ostroumov, PN Nolen, J AF Xu, J. Mustapha, B. Aseev, V. N. Ostroumov, P. N. Nolen, J. GP IEEE TI Efficient parallelization method for large scale beam dynamics simulations in linear accelerators SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB Large scale beam dynamics simulations are important to support the design and operations of an accelerator. The beam dynamics code TRACK originally developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has become a general beam dynamics code for hadron linacs and has found wide applications worldwide. In order to combine the unique features of TRACK with large scale and fast parallel computing we have recently developed parallel version of the code: PTRACK It has been successfully benchmarked on different platforms: BG/L and Jazz at ANL, Iceberg at ARSC and Seaborg at NERSC. Large scale end-to-end simulations of the FNAL proton driver has been performed, where 100 millions particles were tracked. The actual parallel version has the potential of simulating 109 particles on 10 racks with 20,480 processors of BG/L at ANL, which will be available in 2008. This paper focus on efficient parallelization method been used in PTRACK C1 [Xu, J.; Mustapha, B.; Aseev, V. N.; Ostroumov, P. N.; Nolen, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Xu, Jin/C-7751-2014 OI Xu, Jin/0000-0002-1147-7408 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 3063 EP 3070 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501402032 ER PT B AU Baker, ZK Porter, R AF Baker, Zachary K. Porter, Reid GP IEEE TI Rotationally invariant sparse patch matching on GPU and FPGA SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE AB Vector and data-flow processors are particularly strong at dense, regular computation. Sparse, irregular data layouts cause problems because their unpredictable data access patterns prevent computational pipelines from filling effectively. A number of algorithms in image processing have been proposed which are not dense, and instead apply local neighborhood operations to a sparse, irregular set of points. Sparse and irregular data transfer is difficult for modern processors because they have more processing power than memory bandwidth. However if the computation can be expanded while not increasing the bandwidth, modern processors can be made more efficient. The application targeted in this paper is patch matching over large scenes. Given two sequential frames of video data, corresponding points between the two frames are found. Correspondences are determined by comparing small image patches around each point. By rotating and comparing patches of the image over a range of angles, it is possible to more accurately match them through the scene. Rotation and interpolation are required to produce an appropriate image to compare against. Results for CPU, FPGA, and GPU are presented, with FPGA far outperforming the GPU or CPU due to its potential for high levels of hardware parallelism as the total volume of computation increases. C1 [Baker, Zachary K.; Porter, Reid] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baker, ZK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 3321 EP 3328 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501402067 ER PT B AU Brandt, JM Debusschere, BJ Gentile, AC Mayo, JR Pebay, PP Thompson, D Wong, MH AF Brandt, J. M. Debusschere, B. J. Gentile, A. C. Mayo, J. R. Pebay, P. P. Thompson, D. Wong, M. H. GP IEEE TI Ovis-2: A robust distributed architecture for scalable RAS SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL & DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2008) CY APR 14-18, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE DE RAS; fault-tolerance; failure prediction; scalable analysis; distributed analysis; cluster monitoring AB Resource utilization in High Performance Compute clusters can be improved by increased awareness of system state information. Sophisticated run-time characterization of system state in increasingly large clusters requires a scalable fault-tolerant RAS framework. In this paper we describe the architecture of OVIS-2 and how it meets these requirements. We describe some of the sophisticated statistical analysis, 3-D visualization, and use cases for these. Using this framework and associated tools allows the engineer to explore the behaviors and complex interactions of low level system elements while simultaneously giving the system administrator their desired level of detail with respect to ongoing system and component health. C1 [Brandt, J. M.; Debusschere, B. J.; Gentile, A. C.; Mayo, J. R.; Pebay, P. P.; Thompson, D.; Wong, M. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brandt, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1693-6 PY 2008 BP 3580 EP 3587 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BID12 UT WOS:000258501402101 ER PT B AU Kwan, J Bieniosek, F Henestroza, E Leitner, M Mitchell, R Miram, G Prichard, B Scarpetti, R Waldron, W Westenskow, G AF Kwan, Joe Bieniosek, Frank Henestroza, Enrique Leitner, Matthaeus Mitchell, Russell Miram, George Prichard, Ben Scarpetti, Ray Waldron, Will Westenskow, Glen GP IEEE TI Gas poisoning of 612-m and 311-XM cathodes SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE M type dispenser cathode; scandium; gas poisoning; DARHT injector AB A 2 kA cathode was successfully developed for the DARHT-II injector [1]. Since the DARHT injector cannot be baked and there may be virtual leaks, the local pressure near the cathode was not ideal even though the system pressure was in the 10(-8) Torr range. In a series of experiments using quarter-inch size button cathodes, we showed that gas poisoning was a significant factor in this pressure range. Furthermore we found that the 311-XM (doped with scandium and has an M coating) cathode was less affected by gas poisoning than the 612-M, corresponding to a lower effective work function. Water vapor was found to be the worst contaminant among the various gases that we have tested. With a 6.5" diameter 311-XM cathode, the DARHT-II injector produced >2 kA corresponding to a current density of 10 A/cm(2). C1 [Kwan, Joe; Bieniosek, Frank; Henestroza, Enrique; Leitner, Matthaeus; Waldron, Will] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kwan, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jwkwan@lbl.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900020 ER PT B AU Smirnova, EI Carlsten, BE Earley, LM AF Smirnova, Evgenya I. Carlsten, Bruce E. Earley, Lawrence M. GP IEEE TI Progress on fabrication and testing of the omniguide traveling-wave tube structures SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc DE dielectric-loaded waveguides; millimeter-wave power amplifiers; photonic band gap structures; traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) AB We have designed, fabricated and tested with low power a novel W-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) structure based on a slow-wave cylindrically-symmetric pholonic band gap (PBG) structure, or an "omniguide" PBG TWT structures have great potential for very large bandwidth and linear dispersion. The omniguide structure was designed and fabricated with silica dielectric with a copper harness. Cold-test results were found to be in excellent agreement with the design. A band-width of more than 10 per cent was demonstrated This structure a designed to generate millimeter-wave rf when driven by a 2-A, 120-kV electron beam. C1 [Smirnova, Evgenya I.; Carlsten, Bruce E.; Earley, Lawrence M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smirnova, EI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 6, POB 1663,MS H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900041 ER PT B AU Bishofberger, K Carlsten, BE Faehl, R AF Bishofberger, K. Carlsten, B. E. Faehl, R. GP IEEE TI Generation of millimeter and sub-millimeter radiation in a compact oscillator utilizing the two-stream instability SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL VACUUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE SE IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference IVEC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference CY APR 22-24, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc C1 [Bishofberger, K.; Carlsten, B. E.; Faehl, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bishofberger, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kbish@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1715-5 J9 IEEE INT VAC ELECT C PY 2008 BP 162 EP 162 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIH43 UT WOS:000259487900081 ER PT B AU Jin, SS Suleiman, A Daly, D Springer, D Miller, J AF Jin, Shuangshuang Suleiman, Atef Daly, Donald Springer, David Miller, John GP IEEE TI Pathway discovery by genome-wide, high-throughput, quantitative mass spectrometry SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GENOMIC SIGNAL PROCESSING AND STATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics CY JUN 08-10, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE ID INHALATION AB Genome-wide high-throughput mass spectrometry has emerged as an important new source of data on biological systems. This technology yields global information about the proteins expressed by an organism; consequently, biological processes can be studied without prior assumptions about the proteins that are involved. A profile of up- and down-regulated proteins is obtained which can be used to discover the gene-expression and cellular signaling pathways that underlie disease states and/or responses to treatments. Many data-manipulation steps are involved in obtaining pathway information from mass spectrometry of protease-digested complex mixtures of proteins. In this paper, we describe work to create a seamless data flow through these steps from peptide detection to queries of pathway databases based on patterns of up- and down-regulated proteins. Data from a mouse-model study of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are used to illustrate our results. C1 [Jin, Shuangshuang; Suleiman, Atef; Miller, John] Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Daly, Donald; Springer, David] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jin, SS (reprint author), Washington State Univ Tri Cities, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jhmiller@tricity.wsu.edu FU Office of Science (BER); U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64105, DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U.S. DOE FX SJ and JM gratefully acknowledge support by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER64105 to Washington State Universtity. A portion of this work was performed at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and supported by U.S. DOE. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2371-2 PY 2008 BP 3 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BIC55 UT WOS:000258398200002 ER PT S AU Efthimiou, N Panayiotakis, GS Varvarigou, A Bouziotis, P Efthimiou, N Loudos, G Kandarakis, I McKisson, J Majewski, S AF Efthimiou, N. Panayiotakis, G. S. Varvarigou, A. Bouziotis, P. Efthimiou, N. Loudos, G. Kandarakis, I. McKisson, J. Majewski, S. GP IEEE TI Small animal positron emission tomography using a dual head prototype based on PSPMTs and FPGA readout SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES SE IEEE International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Chania, GREECE SP IEEE DE small animal imaging; PET system; PSPMT; data acquisition; FPGA; low cost ID PET; SPECT AB The purpose of this article is to present the system architecture, as well as, initial performance results from a low cost PET system specially designed for small animal planar imaging. This PET camera was designed and assembled from the "Detector and Imaging Group" of the "Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, USA, in collaboration with the Medical Instruments dep. of Technological Educational institute of Athens. This system is the first working small PET prototype in Greece. Currently is used for pharmacokinetic studies in the Institute of Radioisotopes-Radiodiagnostic Products, N.C.S.R. Demokritos. The system high performance is archived by using the very fast LSO crystal, the Hamamatsu H8500 PSPMTs, fast amplification electronics, an FPGA system and USB 2 data transfer protocol. The image reconstruction is performed with JAVA in the Kmax environment. C1 [Efthimiou, N.; Panayiotakis, G. S.] Univ Patras, Sch Med, Dept Med Phys, Patras 26500, Greece. [Efthimiou, N.; Loudos, G.; Kandarakis, I.] Technol Educ Inst Athens, Dept Med Instruments Technol, Athens 12210, Greece. [Varvarigou, A.; Bouziotis, P.] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Radioisotopes Radiodiagnost Prod, Athens 15310, Greece. [McKisson, J.; Majewski, S.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Detector & Imaging Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Efthimiou, N (reprint author), Univ Patras, Sch Med, Dept Med Phys, Patras 26500, Greece. EM nikos.efthimiou@gmail.com; avar@rrp.demokritos.gr; gloudos@teiath.gr; mckisson@jlab.org OI Efthimiou, Nikos/0000-0003-1947-5033 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1558-2809 BN 978-1-4244-2496-2 J9 I W IMAG SYST TECHNI PY 2008 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1109/IST.2008.4659935 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJF76 UT WOS:000265470100007 ER PT B AU Spahn, OB Phinney, LM Wong, CC Cowan, WD Adams, DP Grossetete, GD AF Spahn, Olga Blum Phinney, Leslie M. Wong, C. Channy Cowan, William D. Adams, David P. Grossetete, Grant D. GP IEEE TI Impact of High Optical Power on Optical MEMS SO 2008 IEEE/LEOS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics CY AUG 11-14, 2008 CL Freiburg, GERMANY SP IEEE, LEOS DE MEMS mirrors; deformation; optical power handling AB a number of applications require optical MEMS devices to handle high optical power. We present theoretical and experimental results for SUMMiT (TM) fabricated mirrors and other structures illustrating performance limitations and several mitigation strategies. C1 [Spahn, Olga Blum; Phinney, Leslie M.; Wong, C. Channy; Cowan, William D.; Adams, David P.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Grossetete, Grant D.] L&M Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Spahn, OB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM oblum@sandia.gov FU [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1917-3 PY 2008 BP 68 EP + DI 10.1109/OMEMS.2008.4607832 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BJB69 UT WOS:000264556700035 ER PT B AU Hung, Y Tawfik, H Devinder, M AF Hung, Y. Tawfik, Hazem Mahajan, Devinder GP IEEE TI Characterization Studies on PEM Metallic Bipolar Plates and Membrane Electrode Assembly SO 2008 IEEE LONG ISLAND SYSTEMS, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference CY MAY 02, 2008 CL Farmingdale, NY SP IEEE ID FUEL-CELLS; STAINLESS-STEEL AB Metallic bipolar plates seem more appropriate than graphite composite bipolar plate, that is currently considered the industry standard for PEM fuel cell operation. Metallic plates have higher mechanical strength, easier maufacturability, and lower interface contact resistance than graphite composite plates. Metallic and graphite composite plates were tested one thousand hours under normal operating conditions and cyclic loading. After operation, bipolar plates, Membrane Electrode Assembly and byproduct "water" samples were collected and tested from both the cathode and anode side of a single cell. Characterization studies were then conducted on aluminum coated bipolar plates with carbide based alloy to examine for any possible chemical changes in the composition of the coating and/or the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) that may affect the stability of the coating, substrate, and/or the ionic conductivity of the cell. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were performed on the land and valley surfaces of the reactant flow fields at both the anode and the cathode. The measurements were supper imposed to identify the locations and zones of anomalies to conduct further analysis focused on these zones. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were also conducted on samples scraped from the anode and cathode electrodes of the MEA that was also performed for 1000 hrs in metallic bipolar plate fuel cell. Moreover, samples of water as a byproduct produced during the single fuel cells operation were also collected and tested for the existence of chromium, nickel, carbon, iron, sulfur and aluminum using mass spectroscopy analysis technique. The analysis of the EDX measurements indicated the possibility of the dissociation and the dissolution of the nickel chrome that is used as the binder for the carbide based corrosion resistant coating with the substrate. The X-ray analysis yielded the tendency for catalyst growth that could result in power degradation. C1 [Hung, Y.; Tawfik, Hazem] SUNY, Farmingdale State Coll, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. [Tawfik, Hazem; Mahajan, Devinder] SUNY Stony Brook, Adv Energy Res & Technnol Ctr AERTC, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] SUNY Stony Brook, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mahajan, Devinder] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hung, Y (reprint author), SUNY, Farmingdale State Coll, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. EM Jeff.Hung@farmingdale.edu; hazem.tawfik@farmingdale.edu; Devinder.Mahajan@stonybrook.edu RI 李, 应辉/A-7739-2011 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1731-5 PY 2008 BP 62 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIQ06 UT WOS:000261798900016 ER PT S AU Alexander, S DeCleene, B Rogers, J Sholander, P AF Alexander, Scott DeCleene, Brian Rogers, Jason Sholander, Peter GP IEEE TI REQUIREMENTS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR INTRINSICALLY ASSURABLE MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB An Intrinsically Assurable Mobile Ad hoc Network (IAMANET) will directly support the integrity, availability, reliability, confidentiality, and safety of MANET communications and data. In contrast, the dominant Internet paradigm is intrinsically insecure. For example, the Internet does not deny unauthorized traffic by default and therefore violates the principle of least privilege. In addition, there are no provisions for non-repudiation or accountability and therefore adversaries can probe for vulnerabilities with impunity because the likelihood of attributing bad behavior to a particular adversary is limited. Finally (although not exhaustively) existing protocols are not robust to Byzantine failures and malicious behavior, leaving entire Internet-based systems vulnerable. This paper expands on these high-level requirements and threat models. It then presents an early view of two high-level architectures for an IAMANET PIANO and Zodiac. C1 [Alexander, Scott] Telcordia, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [DeCleene, Brian] BAE Syst, Burlington, MA USA. [Rogers, Jason] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Sholander, Peter] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Alexander, S (reprint author), Telcordia, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. FU DARPA [DE-AC04- 94AL85000, N66001-08-C-2012, N66001-08-C-2013] FX Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Defense AdvancedResearch Agency (DARPA) or the US Government. This work was funded by DARPA under the following contracts: DE-AC04- 94AL85000, N66001-08-C-2012, and N66001-08-C-2013. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 934 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300141 ER PT S AU Fisk, M Miller, S Kent, A AF Fisk, Mike Miller, Scott Kent, Alex GP IEEE TI GLOBAL VIRTUAL VAULT: PREVENTING UNAUTHORIZED PHYSICAL DISCLOSURE BY THE INSIDER SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB Information providers on networks such as the Global Information Grid need to share sensitive information while still protecting that information from misuse. We show how common information-sharing mechanisms encourage and allow high-bandwidth, hard-to-detect information ex-filtration by malicious insiders, and by adversaries in the field. By leveraging netcentricity, modern stateless clients, and advances in distance visualization techniques, we can provide analysts and warfighters with highly-usable access to information that remains secured in high-availability, high-security data centers. We quantitatively analyze the intentional mid inadvertent data exfiltration paths of several off-the-shelf secure computing solutions and demonstrate how to re-engineer these systems to greatly reduce residual risk by limiting access to human-interaction protocols. This approach eliminates large classes of insider attacks that are largely unaddressed in most systems and concentrates traditional insider access to manageable, well-defended physical security perimeters. C1 [Fisk, Mike; Miller, Scott; Kent, Alex] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fisk, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1192 EP 1198 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300179 ER PT S AU Kerekes, R Jiao, Y Shankar, M Potok, T Lusk, R AF Kerekes, Ryan Jiao, Yu (Cathy) Shankar, Mallikarjun Potok, Thomas Lusk, Rick GP IEEE TI AGENT-BASED FORWARD ANALYSIS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We propose software agent-based "forward analysis" for efficient information retrieval in a network of sensing devices. In our approach, processing is pushed to the data at the edge of the network via intelligent software agents rather than pulling data to a central facility for processing. The agents are deployed with a specific query and perform varying levels of analysis of the data, communicating with each other and sending only relevant information back across the network. We demonstrate our concept in the context of face recognition using a wireless test bed comprised of PDA cell phones and laptops. We show that agent-based forward analysis can provide a significant increase in retrieval speed while decreasing bandwidth usage and information overload at the central facility. C1 [Kerekes, Ryan; Jiao, Yu (Cathy); Shankar, Mallikarjun; Potok, Thomas; Lusk, Rick] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kerekes, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Shankar, Mallikarjun/N-4400-2015 OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 3196 EP 3202 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709302022 ER PT S AU Wilson, J Wang, C Yang, SN Fathy, AE Kang, YW AF Wilson, Joshua Wang, Cheng Yang, Songnan Fathy, Aly E. Kang, Yoon W. GP IEEE TI An Accurate and Stable Fourth Order Finite Difference Time Domain Method SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE Runge-Kutta; Yee-grid; finite difference time domain; Jameson's method ID CONSTRUCTION AB A long-stencil fourth order finite difference method over a Yee-grid is developed to solve Maxwell's equations. The different variables are located at staggered mesh points, and a symmetric image formula is introduced near the boundary. The introduction of these symmetric ghost grid points assures the stability of the boundary extrapolation, and in turn a complete set of purely imaginary eigenvalues are given for the fourth-order discrete curl operators for both electric and magnetic fields. Subsequently, the four-stage Jameson method integrator constrained by a pre-determined time step is utilized to produce a stable full fourth order accuracy in both time and space. The accuracy of the developed numerical scheme has been validated by comparing its results to the closed form solutions for a rectangular cavity. C1 [Wilson, Joshua; Wang, Cheng; Yang, Songnan; Fathy, Aly E.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kang, Yoon W.] Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wilson, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. FU ORNL-SNS; [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work has been sponsored by ORNL-SNS. The Spallation Neutron Source is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-1780-3 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2008 BP 1376 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIT08 UT WOS:000262480000345 ER PT B AU Starke, M Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B AF Starke, Michael Tolbert, Leon M. Ozpineci, Burak GP IEEE TI AC vs. DC distribution: A loss comparison SO 2008 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, PES DE DC power systems; power system modeling; power distribution; losses AB Environmentally friendly technologies such as photovoltaics and fuel cells are DC sources. In the current power infrastructure, this necessitates converting the power supplied by these devices into AC for transmission and distribution which adds losses and complexity. The amount of DC loads in our buildings is ever-increasing with computers, monitors, and other electronics entering our workplaces and homes. This forces another conversion of the AC power to DC, adding further losses and complexity. This paper proposes the use of a DC distribution system. In this study, an equivalent AC and DC distribution system are compared in terms of efficiency. C1 [Starke, Michael; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.; Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Starke, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1903-6 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2008 BP 225 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIB50 UT WOS:000258172300039 ER PT B AU Makarov, Y Lu, S McManus, B Pease, J AF Makarov, Yuri Lu, Shuai McManus, Bart Pease, John GP IEEE TI The future impact of wind on BPA power system ancillary services SO 2008 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, PES DE wind integration; ancillary service; load following; regulation; hour-ahead schedule; real-time schedule AB Wind power is growing in a very fast pace as an alternative generating resource. As the ratio of wind power over total system capacity increases, the impact of wind on various system aspects becomes significant. This paper presents a methodology to study the future impact of wind on BPA power system ancillary services including load following and regulation. Existing approaches for similar analysis include dispatch model simulation and standard deviation evaluation. The methodology proposed in this paper uses historical data and stochastic processes to simulate the load balancing processes in BPA power system. Then capacity, ramp rate and ramp duration characteristics are extracted from the simulation results, and load following and regulation requirements are calculated accordingly. It mimics the actual power system operations therefore the results can be more realistic yet the approach is convenient to perform. Further, the ramp rate and ramp duration data obtained from the analysis can be used to evaluate generator response or maneuverability and energy requirement, respectively, additional to the capacity requirement. C1 [Makarov, Yuri; Lu, Shuai] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [McManus, Bart; Pease, John] Bonneville Power Adm, Vancouver, WA 98666 USA. RP Makarov, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; shuai.lu@pnl.gov; bamamanus@bpa.gov; jhpease@bpa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration under contract Mitigating Operational Impact of Wind Energy FX This work was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration under contract Mitigating Operational Impact of Wind Energy. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1903-6 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2008 BP 297 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIB50 UT WOS:000258172300051 ER PT B AU Chassin, DP Schneider, K Gerkensmeyer, C AF Chassin, D. P. Schneider, K. Gerkensmeyer, C. GP IEEE TI GridLAB-D: An open-source power systems modeling and simulation environment SO 2008 IEEE/PES TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-3 SE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition CY APR 21-24, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE, PES DE power simulation; power modeling; high-performance computing AB GridLAB-D is a new power system modeling and simulation environment developed by the US Department of Energy. This paper describes its basic design concept, method of solution, and the initial suite of models that it supports. C1 [Chassin, D. P.; Schneider, K.; Gerkensmeyer, C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.chassin@pnl.gov; kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; clint.gerkensmemer@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC65-76RLO1830] FX Development of GridLAB-D is funded by the US Department of Energy and managed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC65-76RLO1830. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1903-6 J9 TRANS DISTRIB CONF PY 2008 BP 1213 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BIB50 UT WOS:000258172300214 ER PT B AU Hongpinyo, V Ding, YH Dimas, CE Wang, Y Ooi, BS Qiu, W Goddard, LL Behymer, EM Cole, GD Bond, TC AF Hongpinyo, V. Ding, Y. H. Dimas, C. E. Wang, Y. Ooi, B. S. Qiu, W. Goddard, L. L. Behymer, E. M. Cole, G. D. Bond, T. C. GP IEEE TI Intermixing of InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Well Using Multiple Cycles Annealing SO 2008 IEEE PHOTONICSGLOBAL@SINGAPORE (IPGC), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PhotonicsGlobal at Singapore CY DEC 08-11, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE AB The authors investigate the effect of intermixing in shallow InGaAs/GaAs quantum well structure using impurity free induced disordering (IFVD) technique. The degradation of the photoluminescence (PL) signal is due to the severe loss of As from the material during high temperature annealing at above intermixing activation energy. The recovery of the PL signal from the intermixed InGaAs/GaAs quantum-well has been found to be achieved by applying a cycle-annealing at 800 degrees C which is below activation temperature. C1 [Hongpinyo, V.; Ding, Y. H.; Dimas, C. E.; Wang, Y.; Ooi, B. S.] Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Qiu, W.; Goddard, L. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Behymer, E. M.; Cole, G. D.; Bond, T. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hongpinyo, V (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. EM bsooi@lehigh.edu RI Cole, Garrett/B-9383-2011; Dimas, Clara/C-8884-2011; Ooi, Boon/D-4370-2011 OI Ooi, Boon/0000-0001-9606-5578 FU University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405- Eng-48]; Microsystems Technology Office at DARPA FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405- Eng-48. The work was supported by the Microsystems Technology Office at DARPA. Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3901-0 PY 2008 BP 51 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BKA56 UT WOS:000267591100015 ER PT B AU Chow, WW AF Chow, W. W. GP IEEE TI Optical Properties of Semiconductor Quantum Dots SO 2008 IEEE PHOTONICSGLOBAL@SINGAPORE (IPGC), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE PhotonicsGlobal at Singapore CY DEC 08-11, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE ID LASERS; TEMPERATURE; LINEWIDTH; ROOM AB An important step towards realizing the advantages of quantum dots in electro-optic applications is to understand the excitation dependences of optical properties. This paper discusses results obtained using a microscopic theory. The calculations uncovered complicated carrier density and electronic structure influences on absorption, gain and refractive index that can be attributed to a delicate balancing of electronic-structure and many-body effects in a coupled quantum-dot-quantum-well system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3901-0 PY 2008 BP 86 EP 89 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BKA56 UT WOS:000267591100023 ER PT S AU Liu, HW Tolbert, LM Khomfoi, S Ozpineci, B Du, Z AF Liu, Haiwen Tolbert, Leon M. Khomfoi, Surin Ozpineci, Burak Du, Zhong GP IEEE TI Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with PWM Control Method SO 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 08) CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE SP IEEE ID MODULATION INDEXES; CONVERTERS AB A hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter with PWM method is presented in this paper. It consists of a standard 3-leg inverter (one leg for each phase) and H-bridge in series with each inverter leg. It can use only a single DC power source to supply a standard 3-leg inverter along with three full H-bridges supplied by capacitors. Multilevel carrier-based PWM method is used to produce a five-level phase voltage. The inverter can be used in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV). A simulation model based on PSIM and MATLAB/SIMULINK is developed. An experimental 5 kW prototype inverter is built and tested. The results experimentally validate the proposed PWM hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. C1 [Liu, Haiwen; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.; Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Khomfoi, Surin] King Mongkuts Inst Technol, Ladkrabang, Thailand. [Khomfoi, Surin] Parker Hannifin Corp, Olive Branch, Olivet 38654, MI USA. RP Liu, HW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 16 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-1-4244-1667-7 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2008 BP 162 EP + DI 10.1109/PESC.2008.4591918 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIK43 UT WOS:000260398500026 ER PT S AU Tang, LX Su, GJ AF Tang, Lixin Su, Gui-Jia GP IEEE TI Experimental Investigation of a Soft-switching Three-Phase, Three-Voltage Bus DC/DC Converter for Fuel Cell Vehicle Applications SO 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 08) CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE SP IEEE AB A soft-switching three-phase, three-voltage (14V/42V/High Voltage) bus dc/dc converter is presented for power management in fuel cell vehicle applications. It features reduced ripple currents, smaller capacitances, high efficiency and a larger power handling capability. The mathematic model is derived and used in the determination of the soft-switching criteria with and without the 14 V bus load current. The topology was verified experimentally with a 6 kW prototype that occupies a small foot print of 19.8 cm X 27.9 cm. The efficiency of the converter is above 96% in most load conditions with a maximum efficiency of 96.99%. An efficiency of 95.2% was achieved at the maximum output power of 6.4 kW in the boost mode. Dynamic response test results in the buck and boost modes are also shown. C1 [Tang, Lixin] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Su, Gui-Jia] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tang, LX (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tang, Lixin/B-9242-2009 OI Tang, Lixin/0000-0001-8361-8196 FU UT-Battelle; LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-1-4244-1667-7 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2008 BP 585 EP + DI 10.1109/PESC.2008.4591993 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIK43 UT WOS:000260398500093 ER PT S AU Filho, FJT Mateus, THA Maia, HZ Ozpineci, B Pinto, JOP Tolbert, LM AF Filho, F. J. T. Mateus, T. H. A. Maia, H. Z. Ozpineci, B. Pinto, J. O. P. Tolbert, L. M. GP IEEE TI Real-Time Selective Harmonic Minimization in Cascaded Multilevel Inverters with Varying DC Sources SO 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 08) CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE SP IEEE ID ELIMINATION; CONVERTERS AB A new approach for selective harmonic elimination in a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter with separate DC sources will be presented. As opposed to previous research in this area, the DC sources feeding the multilevel inverter are considered to be varying in time. This method uses genetic algorithms to obtain switching angles offline for different DC source values and uses neural networks to determine the switching angles that correspond to the real-time values of the DC sources. This implies that each one of the DC sources of this topology can have different values at any time but the output fundamental voltage will stay constant and the harmonic will still meet the specifications. The paper gives details on the approach used, together with simulation and experimental results. C1 [Filho, F. J. T.; Tolbert, L. M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mateus, T. H. A.; Maia, H. Z.; Pinto, J. O. P.] Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Dept Elect Engn, Campo Grande, Brazil. [Ozpineci, B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37830 USA. RP Filho, FJT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-1-4244-1667-7 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2008 BP 4302 EP + DI 10.1109/PESC.2008.4592634 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIK43 UT WOS:000260398502226 ER PT S AU Renner, AJ Renner, JL AF Renner, Allan J. Renner, J. L. GP IEEE TI A Perspective on the Future of Geothermal Energy in the United States SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Geothermal energy; geothermal power generation AB Electricity has been produced from geothermal energy since 1960. Hydrothermal resources, naturally occurring hot water, am the fluid providers. Since these resources seem limited geothermal developers are now looking at the much larger potential resource represented by hot rocks with low productivity. This resource originally termed "hot dry rock" (HDR) but now termed "enhanced geothermal systen&' (EGS) which includes the transition between hydrothermal systems and HDR will be the future for geothermal development throughout the world. C1 [Renner, Allan J.] US DOE, Geothermal Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. [Renner, J. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Renner, AJ (reprint author), US DOE, Geothermal Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. EM Allan.Jelacic@hq.doe.gov; joel.renner@inl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 123 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800024 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E Mills, Z Foster, R Conto, J Ellis, A AF Muljadi, Eduard Mills, Zach Foster, Robert Conto, Jose Ellis, Abraham GP IEEE TI FAULT ANALYSIS AT A WIND POWER PLANT FOR ONE YEAR OF OBSERVATION SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE wind turbine; wind farm; wind integration; wind power plant; stability; wind energy; aggregation; power system; variable-speed generation; renewable energy; low voltage ride-through; fault analysis AB The growth of wind energy has mushroomed over the past decade. Over the next twenty years, there will be more significant growth in wind energy with the expectation of 20% wind grid penetration by 2030. To accommodate this amount of wind power into our grid, the infrastructure of the transmission grid must be improved. In the high penetration scenario, the ability of wind power plants to stay connected during disturbances is important to avoid a cascading effect due to lack of generation. So-called voltage ride-through capability has become a key criterion for wind integration. This paper analyzes the fault characteristics observed at a wind power plant, and the behavior of the wind power plant under fault events. The focus of observation is a wind power plant monitored in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) control area [1]. The wind power plant is monitored during fault events for a period of one year. The fault events are actual faults occurring naturally in the surrounding wind power plants. C1 [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mills, Zach; Foster, Robert] New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Conto, Jose] ERCOT, Taylor, TX USA. [Ellis, Abraham] Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard_mujaldi@nrel.gov; zmills@nmsu.edu; rfoster@nmsu.edu; jconto@ercot.com; aellis@pnm.com FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory; California Energy Commission; Western Electric Coordinating Council; ERCOT-NREL; National Science Foundation Partnerships; NREL FX This paper presents part of a project called WECC Wind Generator Modeling. This work is being completed with the support from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, California Energy Commission, and Western Electric Coordinating Council.; The data used in this project is based on data monitored at a wind power plant within the Electric Reliability Council of Texas control area, and funded under an ERCOT-NREL monitoring collaboration.; Zach Mills is a New Mexico State University student supported by National Science Foundation Partnerships for Innovation Program and NREL funding. This work was based on Zach's data analysis during his 2007 internship at NREL. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800038 ER PT S AU Ellis, A Muljadi, E AF Ellis, Abraham Muljadi, Eduard GP IEEE TI Wind Power Plant Representation in Large-Scale Power Flow Simulations in WECC SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Wind power plant; wind energy; power flow representation; power flow simulation AB This paper contains technical recommendations for power flow representation of wind power plant (WPP) in large-scale positive-sequence power flow simulations. These guidelines were prepared by the Wind Generator Modeling Group (WGMG) of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). C1 [Ellis, Abraham] Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87158 USA. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ellis, A (reprint author), Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87158 USA. EM aellis@pnm.com; eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 306 EP 311 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800052 ER PT S AU Hand, M Blair, N Bolinger, M Wiser, R O'Connell, R Hern, T Miller, B AF Hand, Maureen Blair, Nate Bolinger, Mark Wiser, Ryan O'Connell, Richard Hern, Tracy Miller, Bart GP IEEE TI Power System Modeling of 20% Wind- Generated Electricity by 2030 SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE power system modeling; wind energy; capacity expansion model AB The Wind Energy Deployment System model was used to estimate the costs and benefits associated with producing 20% of the nation's electricity from wind technology by 2030. This generation capacity expansion model selects from electricity generation technologies that include pulverized coal plants combined cycle natural gas plants, combustion turbine nature gas plants, nuclear plants, and wind technology to meet projected demand in future years. Technology cost and performance projections, as well as transmission operation and expansion costs, are assumed. This study demonstrates that producing 20% of the nation's projected electricity demand in 2030 from wind technology is technically feasible, not cost-prohibitive, and provides benefits in the forms of carbon emission reductions, natural gas price reductions, and water savings. C1 [Hand, Maureen; Blair, Nate] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [O'Connell, Richard] Black & Veatch Consulting Engineers, San Francisco, CA USA. [Hern, Tracy; Miller, Bart] Western Res Advocates, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hand, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM Maureen_hand@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99-GO10337, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC36-99-GO10337 and contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 324 EP 331 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800056 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E Pasupulati, S Ellis, A Kosterov, D AF Muljadi, E. Pasupulati, S. Ellis, A. Kosterov, D. GP IEEE TI Method of Equivalencing for a Large Wind Power Plant with Multiple Turbine Representation SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE wind turbine; wind farm; wind power plant; wind energy; aggregation; equivalence; distribution network; collector system; power systems; systems integration; renewable energy AB As the size and number of wind power plants (WPP) increases, power system planners will need to study their impact on the power system in more detail. As the level of wind power penetration into the grid increases, the transmission system integration requirements will become more critical [1-2]. A very large WPP may contain hundreds of megawatt-size wind turbines. These turbines are interconnected by an intricate collector system. While the impact of individual turbines on the larger power system network is minimal, collectively, wind turbines can have a significant impact on the power systems during a severe disturbance such as a nearby fault. Since it is not practical to represent all individual wind turbines to conduct simulations, a simplified equivalent representation is required. This paper focuses on our effort to develop an equivalent representation of a WPP collector system for power system planning studies. The layout of the WPP, the size and type of conductors used, and the method of delivery (overhead or buried cables) all influence the performance of the collector system inside the WPP. Our effort to develop an equivalent representation of the collector system for WPPs is an attempt to simplify power system modeling for future developments or planned expansions of WPPs. Although we use a specific large WPP as a case study, the concept is applicable for any type of WPP. C1 [Muljadi, E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Pasupulati, S.] Oak Energy Syst Inc, Mojave, CA 93501 USA. [Ellis, A.] Pub Serv Co New Mexicos, Albuquerque, NM 87158 USA. [Kosterov, D.] Bonneville Power Adm, Vancouver, WA 98666 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov; subbaiah@oakcreekenergy.com; aellis@pnm.com; dnkosterev@bpa.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission; Western Electric Coordinating Council FX We acknowledge the financial support provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission, and Western Electric Coordinating Council. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 528 EP 536 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800092 ER PT S AU Bhandari, R Gonzalez, S Ropp, ME AF Bhandari, R. Gonzalez, S. Ropp, M. E. GP IEEE TI Investigation of Two Anti-Islanding Methods in the Multi-Inverter Case SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Inverters; islanding; photovoltaic power systems; string inverters; AC modules AB As photovoltaic systems proliferate on grids, larger numbers of inverters will be interconnected with each other through their host utility. This becomes especially true if string inverters (SIs) or AC module "microinverters" are used. It will thus become increasingly important to ensure that the islanding detection methods used are effective in this so-called "multiinverter case". In this paper, two methods, one that uses classical controls concepts to obtain positive feedback (the 'classical linear instability method', or CLIM), and a more recent method called the Sandia Frequency Shift (SFS) that applies positive feedback directly to the inverter's output frequency, are investigated in multi-inverter use via MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The results indicate that the effectiveness of these two anti-islanding methods can depend on the number of inverters on the system, depending on the system configuration. C1 [Bhandari, R.; Ropp, M. E.] South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Gonzalez, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Distributed Energy Test Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87310 USA. RP Bhandari, R (reprint author), South Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM sgonza@sandia.gov; michael.ropp@sdstate.edu FU National Science Foundation [ECS- 0238533] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant ECS- 0238533. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 822 EP 828 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800138 ER PT S AU Starke, M Li, FX Tolbere, LM Ozpineci, B AF Starke, Michael Li, Fangxing Tolbere, Leon M. Ozpineci, Burak GP IEEE TI AC vs. DC Distribution: Maximum Transfer Capability SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE DC power systems; power system modeling; power distribution; maximum power transfer; continuation power flow method ID SYSTEM AB Many studies comparing AC and DC systems have focused on efficiency, stability, and controllability, but have not compared the maximum transfer capability. In this paper, the maximum transfer capability of an AC system and two DC systems, one with two lines and another with three, is determined through the continuation power flow method and compared. The results reveal that significant gains can be achieved by moving to a DC system with three lines. C1 [Starke, Michael; Li, Fangxing; Tolbere, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbere, Leon M.; Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Starke, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 922 EP 927 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800155 ER PT B AU Greitzer, FL Schur, A Paget, M Guttromson, RT AF Greitzer, F. L. Schur, A. Paget, M. Guttromson, R. T. GP IEEE TI A Sensemaking Perspective on Situation Awareness in Power Grid Operations SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Computer displays; computer interface human factors; decision making; decision support systems; display human factors; human factors; man-machine systems; power systems; situation awareness; user interfaces AB With increasing complexity and interconnectivity of the electric power grid, the scope and complexity of grid operations continues to grow. New paradigms are needed to guide research to improve operations by enhancing situation awareness of operators. Research on human factors/situation awareness is described within a taxonomy of tools and approaches that address different levels of cognitive processing. While user interface features and visualization approaches represent the predominant focus of human factors studies of situation awareness, this paper argues that a complementary level, sensemaking, deserves further consideration by designers of decision support systems for power grid operations. A sensemaking perspective on situation awareness, may reveal new insights that complement ongoing human factors research, where the focus of the investigation of errors is to understand why the decision makers experienced the situation the way they did, or why what they saw made sense to them at the time. C1 [Greitzer, F. L.; Schur, A.; Paget, M.; Guttromson, R. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greitzer, FL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.greitzer@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 949 EP 954 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800161 ER PT B AU Wang, JH Botterud, A Conzelmann, G Koritarov, VS AF Wang, Jianhui Botterud, Audun Conzelmann, Guenter Koritarov, Vladimir S. GP IEEE TI Market Power Analysis in the EEX Electricity Market: An Agent-Based Simulation Approach SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Agent-based modeling and simulation; EEX market; electricity markets; electricity prices; market power ID ENGLAND; WALES; MODEL AB In this paper, an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) approach is used to model the German wholesale electricity market. The spot market prices in the European Energy Exchange (EEX) are studied as the wholesale market prices. Each participant in the market is modeled as an individual rationality-bounded agent whose objective Is to maximize its own profit. By simulating the market clearing process, the interaction among agents is captured. The market clearing price formed by agents' production cost bidding is regarded as the reference marginal cost. The gap between the marginal cost and the real market price is measured as an indicator or possible market power exertion. Various bidding strategies such as physical withholding and economic withholding can be simulated to represent strategic bidding behaviors of the market participants. The preliminary simulation results show that some generation companies (GenCos) are in the position of exerting market power by strategic bidding. C1 [Wang, Jianhui; Botterud, Audun; Conzelmann, Guenter; Koritarov, Vladimir S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jianhui.wang@anl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1075 EP 1082 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800193 ER PT B AU Chassin, DP Hammerstrom, DJ DeSteese, JG AF Chassin, David P. Hammerstrom, Donald J. DeSteese, John G. GP IEEE TI The Pacific Northwest Demand Response Market Demonstration SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE demand response; power markets; retail markets; distribution automation; distributed resources; load control AB This paper describes the implementation and results of a field demonstration wherein residential electric water heaters and thermostats, commercial building space conditioning, municipal water pump loads, and several distributed generators were coordinated to manage constrained feeder electrical distribution through the two-way communication of load status and electric price signals. The field demonstration took place in Washington and Oregon and was paid for by the U.S. Department of Energy and several northwest utilities. Price is found to be an effective control signal for managing transmission or distribution congestion. Real-time signals at 5-minute intervals are shown to shift controlled load in time. The behaviors of customers and their responses under fixed, time-of-use, and real-time price contracts are compared. Peak loads are effectively reduced on the experimental feeder. A novel application of portfolio theory is applied to the selection of an optimal mix of customer contract types. C1 [Chassin, David P.; Hammerstrom, Donald J.; DeSteese, John G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Box 999,MS K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.chassin@pnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1122 EP 1127 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800200 ER PT S AU Yang, D Jin, T Wu, ZJ Zou, HF AF Yang, Dan Jin, Tao Wu, Zhijun Zou, Heng-fu GP IEEE TI Dual Stepsize Explicit Numerical Integration Method and Applications SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE A-stability; differential equations; differential algebraic equations; dual stepsize; dual timestep; dynamical systems; numerical integration; power systems; stiff systems; time-domain simulation ID POWER-SYSTEM DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; TRANSIENT; EQUATIONS AB Numerical integration, or time domain simulation, is an important tool to study dynamical systems. Many dynamical systems are stiff, for instance, electric power systems consist of a variety of components with greatly different time scales. Although explicit integration methods are computationally efficient, they are not commonly used for studying stiff systems, because these methods may have numerical instability problems. In this paper, an explicit numerical integration method with dual stepsizes is proposed for analyzing stiff systems. The algorithm uses a small and a large stepsize to integrate different system components. Under the proposed decomposition, we demonstrate the numerical property and prove that dual stepsize integration is guaranteed to converge for all linear test systems in absolute stability. Thus, the method has both advantages: numerical stability and computational efficiency. The properties of the proposed method are illustrated through a mathematical example and two power system examples. C1 [Yang, Dan] Calif Independent Syst Operator, Dept Market Monitoring, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. [Jin, Tao] Univ Rochester, Dept Math, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Wu, Zhijun] Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zou, Heng-fu] CEMA Ctr Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Zou, Heng-fu] IAS Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Zou, Heng-fu] Peking Univ, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, D (reprint author), Calif Independent Syst Operator, Dept Market Monitoring, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. EM dyang@caiso.com; tjin@math.rochester.edu; zhijun@iastate.edu; hzou@worldbank.org NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1168 EP 1175 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800208 ER PT B AU Huang, ZY Dagle, J AF Huang, Zhenyu Dagle, Jeff GP IEEE TI SynchroPhasor Measurements: System Architecture and Performance Evaluation in Supporting Wide-Area Applications SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Synchronized Phasor Measurements; Phasor Measurement Unit; Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS); North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) AB The infrastructure of phasor measurements have evolved over the last 15 years from isolated measurement units to networked measurement systems with footprints beyond individual utility companies. This phasor measurement network, to a great extent, is a bottom-up self-evolving process except some local systems built by design. Given the number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the system is small (currently about 70 in each of the western and eastern interconnections in North America), the current phasor network architecture satisfies today's operational requirements. However, the architecture will become a bottleneck when large number of PMUs are installed (e.g. >1000 similar to 10000). The need for phasor architecture design has yet to be addressed. This paper reviews the current phasor networks and investigates future architectures, as related to the efforts undertaken by the North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI). Then it continues to present staged system tests to evaluate the performance of phasor networks, which is a common practice in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system. This is followed by field measurement evaluation and the implication of phasor quality issues on phasor applications. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Dagle, Jeff] Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; jeff.dagle@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1215 EP 1217 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800220 ER PT S AU Dale, NV Harrison, KW Han, T Mann, MD Salehfar, H Dhirde, A AF Dale, N. V. Harrison, K. W. Han, T. Mann, M. D. Salehfar, H. Dhirde, A. M. GP IEEE TI Hydrogen Dew Point Control in Renewable Energy Systems Using Thermoelectric Coolers SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Dew point; Hydrogen; PEM electrolysis; Thermoelectric coolers AB This paper describes a system, utilizing the Peltier effect, to reduce and control the dew point of hydrogen gas by water condensation and desublimation using thermoelectric coolers and water cooled heat sinks. The design is compared to a two-tube desiccant-drying system used in some commercial proton exchange membrane electrolyzer systems. The desiccant system in the water electrolyzer consumes roughly 0.2 kg per day of hydrogen product gas (corresponding to 3.4 kWh per kg of hydrogen based on the higher heating value) to maintain the two desiccant beds. Thermodynamic modeling was performed to determine the appropriate sizing for the thermoelectric coolers and water-cooled heat sinks for a 1 Nm(3) hr(-1) hydrogen flow rate to obtain a theoretical dew point of -35 degrees C. The potential benefits and energy consumed by the thermoelectric approach (3.05 kWh per kg of hydrogen) is compared to the hydrogen loss of the desiccant system. The thermoelectric cooler-based system has the ability to control the dew point to match the variable flow rate of hydrogen in a renewable electrolysis system. C1 [Dale, N. V.; Han, T.; Mann, M. D.; Salehfar, H.; Dhirde, A. M.] Univ North Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Harrison, K. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dale, NV (reprint author), Univ North Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM nilesh.dale@und.edu; kevin_harrison@nrel.gov; taehee.han@und.edu; mikemann@mail.und.nodak.edu; hsalehfar@und.nodak.edu FU Department of Energy's Experimental Program to Stimulate Completive Research (EPSCoR): Building EPSCoR State/National Laboratory Partnership [DE-FG02-04-ER46115]; North Dakota Department of Commerce Division of Community Services; University of North Dakota FX This work is sponsored by Department of Energys Experimental Program to Stimulate Completive Research (EPSCoR): Building EPSCoR State/National Laboratory Partnership under Grant Number DE-FG02-04-ER46115. Funding has also been provided by North Dakota Department of Commerce Division of Community Services and the University of North Dakota. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1260 EP 1265 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800227 ER PT B AU Surdoval, WA AF Surdoval, Wayne A. GP IEEE TI DOE's SECA and FutureGen Programs: Progress and Plans SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE FutureGen; SECA; SOFC AB The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy (FE) is sponsoring the development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) under the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) and advanced "zero-emission" coal-based power technology - technology that is capable of producing power and other products such as hydrogen while capturing over 90 percent of potential carbon dioxide emissions for permanent geologic storage - under the FutureGen Alliance. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Surdoval, WA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM wayne.surdoval@netl.doe.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1296 EP 1297 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800232 ER PT B AU Kroposki, B Basso, T DeBlasio, R AF Kroposki, Benjamin Basso, Thomas DeBlasio, Richard GP IEEE TI Microgrid Standards and Technologies SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Microgrid; Intentional Islanding; Distributed Energy Resources; Distributed Generation; Distributed Storage; Interconnection AB Microgrids are intentional islands formed at a facility or in an electrical distribution system that contain at least one distributed energy resource and associated loads. Microgrids that operate both electrical generation and loads in a coordinated manner can offer benefits to the customer and the local utility. The loads and energy sources in a microgrid can be disconnected from and reconnected to the utility system with minimal disruption, thereby improving reliability. Any time a microgrid is implemented in an electrical distribution system, it must be well planned to avoid problems. This paper discusses current microgrid technologies and standards that are being developed to address Implementation of microgrids. C1 [Kroposki, Benjamin; Basso, Thomas; DeBlasio, Richard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM benjamin-kroposki@nrel.gov; thomas_basso@nrel.gov; richard_deblasio@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1319 EP 1322 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800238 ER PT B AU Huang, ZY Nieplocha, J AF Huang, Zhenyu Nieplocha, Jarek GP IEEE TI Transforming Power Grid Operations via High Performance Computing SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE High Performance Computing; Parallel Computing; Power Grid Operations; State Estimation; Contingency Analysis; Dynamic Simulation; Control Centers; Power System Blackouts AB Past power grid blackout events revealed the inadequacy of grid operations software when handling adverse situations, to a large degree due to its low computational efficiency. High performance computing (HPC) promises a solution to this problem. In addition, the HPC technology becomes necessary to take advantage of parallel computing platforms as the computer industry is undergoing a significant change from the traditional single-core processors to multi-core based computing platforms. HPC can improve today's key grid operation functions like state estimation and contingency analysis and reduce the solution time from minutes to seconds, comparable to SCADA measurement cycles. HPC also enables the integration of dynamic analysis into real-time grid operations. Dynamic state estimation, look-ahead dynamic simulation and real-time dynamic contingency analysis would be three crucial dynamic functions in future control centers. HPC provides opportunities for developing better decision support tools, which also need HPC support to handle large volume of data and large number of cases. Given the complexity of the grid and the sheer number of possible configurations, we argue that HPC will be an indispensible element in the next generation control centers. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Nieplocha, Jarek] Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; jarek.nieplocha@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1359 EP 1366 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800245 ER PT S AU Mujadi, E Ellis, A AF Mujadi, E. Ellis, A. GP IEEE TI Validation of Wind Power Plant Models SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE dynamic model; power system; renewable energy; variable-speed generation; weak grid; wind energy; wind farm; wind power plant; wind turbine; wind integration; systems integration; WECC; wind turbine model; validation AB Wind energy will continue to grow at a rapid pace and will provide an increasingly large portion of the total electricity generation. To achieve its full potential, the industry needs adequate wind-turbine generator (WTG) dynamic models to determine the impact of adding wind generation, and establish how the system needs to be upgraded. For the most part, WTG manufacturers have sponsored the development of WTG dynamic models. Models developed under this paradigm tend to be proprietary and specific to a particular WTG model. They often disclosed under confidential terms for interconnection studies and design of individual projects. However, once the projects are installed, the use of proprietary models is incompatible with critical grid planning activities that are conducted by regional reliability organizations as a collaborative effort among many stakeholders. In this context, the use of generic or simplified models is desirable. To address this industry need, the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) has embarked on the development of generic positive sequence WTG models for large-scale power system transient stability analysis. As an integral part of this WECC activity, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is engaged in a model validation effort. This paper discusses the process of model validation against field measurements. The procedure is illustrated with a specific example. C1 [Mujadi, E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ellis, A.] Publ Serv Co New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Mujadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard_muljadi@nrel.gov; aellis@pnm.com FU U.S. Department of Energy; Public Service Company of New Mexico; Western Electric Coordinating Council; California Energy Commission's PIER Program FX We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Public Service Company of New Mexico, and the Western Electric Coordinating Council, and the project funding provided by the California Energy Commission's PIER Program. This work is part of a larger project called WECC Wind Generator Modeling. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1458 EP 1463 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800260 ER PT S AU Huang, ZY Kasztenny, B Madani, V Martin, K Meliopoulos, S Novosel, D Stenbakken, J AF Huang, Zhenyu Kasztenny, Bogdan Madani, Vahid Martin, Ken Meliopoulos, Sakis Novosel, Damir Stenbakken, Jerry GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation of Phasor Measurement Systems SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Synchronized Phasor Measurements; Phasor Measurement Unit; PMU Testing and Characterization; North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) AB After two decades of phasor network deployment, phasor measurements are now available at many major substations and power plants. The North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI), supported by the US Department of Energy and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), provides a forum to facilitate cultivating the efforts in phasor technology in North America and globally. Phasor applications have been explored and some are in today's utility practice. The IEEE C37.118 Standard is a milestone in standardizing phasor measurements and defining performance requirements. To comply with the IEEE C37.118 and to better understand the impact of phasor quality on applications, the NASPI Performance and Standards Task Team (PSTT) has prepared two comprehensive documents which leverage prior industry work (esp. in WECC) and international experience. The first document describes PMU testing based on both IEEE C37.118 requirements and required dynamic performance tests. The second document describes characterization of PMUs and instrumentation channels based on practical information. This paper summarizes the accomplished PSTT work and presents the methods for phasor measurement evaluation to assure consistent PMU system performance. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu] Battelle Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kasztenny, Bogdan] General Elect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Madani, Vahid] Pacific Gas & Electric Co, White Plains, NY USA. [Martin, Ken] Bonneville Power Adm, Chehails, WA USA. [Meliopoulos, Sakis] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Novosel, Damir] Quanta Technol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Stenbakken, Jerry] Natl Inst Standards &Technol, Maryland, NY USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Battelle Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; dnovosel@quanta-technology.com FU U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS); Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This paper is a summary of comprehensive collective efforts of the members of the North American SynchroPhasor Initiative (NASPI) Performance and Standards Task Team (PSTT), supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS). Representatives from the PSTT have prepared this paper.; The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1574 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403801003 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Trudnowski, D Pierre, JW Sarawgi, S Bhatt, N AF Zhou, N. Trudnowski, D. Pierre, J. W. Sarawgi, S. Bhatt, N. GP IEEE TI An Algorithm for Removing Trends from Power-System Oscillation Data SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Power-system oscillations; Detrend; non-stationary; non-linear; identification; preprocessing; empirical mode decomposition (EMD) AB When analyzing the electromechanical dynamic properties of power-system field-measurement data using signal processing techniques, it is often useful to identify and remove the slow trends within the data. This paper proposes an iterative non-linear trend identification algorithm. The proposed method adapts the upper and lower envelope idea proposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method to identify the trend. The comparison with conventional trend identification methods are made with simulation data. Also, the proposed algorithm is applied to a field measurement data set to evaluate its performance. C1 [Zhou, N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Trudnowski, D.] Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Missoula, MT 59701 USA. [Pierre, J. W.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sarawgi, S.; Bhatt, N.] American Elect Power, Columbus, OH 43230 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.zhou@pnl.gov; DTrudnowski@mtech.edu; pierre@uwyo.edu; sksarawgi@aep.com; nbbhatt@aep.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-06NT42750] FX Portions of this work were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FC26-06NT42750. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 3843 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403802135 ER PT S AU Baran, ME Telekel, S Huang, A Bhattacharya, S Anderson, L Atcitty, S AF Baran, Mesut E. Telekel, Sercan Huang, Alex Bhattacharya, Subhashish Anderson, Loren Atcitty, Stanley GP IEEE TI STATCOM with Energy Storage for Smoothing Intermittent Wind Farm Power SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Wind Power; STATCOM; energy storage; control AB In this paper, STATCOM with battery energy storage system (BESS) is proposed for smoothing intermittent power output of a large wind farm. The main advantage of the system is that it can inject both real power (by chargin/discharging the BESS) and the reactive power to the system. Simulations based on an actual wind farm data indicate that indeed with the proposed control strategy the power output or the wind farm can he smoothed to facilitate 1/2h dispatching of the wind farm. Also, the reactive power compensation provided by the STATCOM helps to smooth out the fast voltage variations at the interconnecting bus. C1 [Baran, Mesut E.; Telekel, Sercan; Huang, Alex; Bhattacharya, Subhashish] NC State Univ, Dept ECE, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Anderson, Loren] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR USA. [Atcitty, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Baran, ME (reprint author), NC State Univ, Dept ECE, Semicond Power Elect Ctr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM baran@nesu.edu; steleke@nesu.edu RI Huang, Alex/Q-9784-2016 OI Huang, Alex/0000-0003-3427-0335 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 4037 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403802163 ER PT S AU Lu, N Xie, YL Huang, ZY Puyleart, F Yang, S AF Lu, Ning Xie, Yulong Huang, Zhenyu Puyleart, Francis Yang, Steve GP IEEE TI Load Component Database of Household Appliances and Small Office Equipment SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE load models; appliance testing; power system simulation AB This paper discusses the development of a load component database for household appliances and office equipment. To develop more accurate load models at both the transmission and distribution levels, a better understanding of the behaviors of home appliances and office equipment associated with the variations of the power system voltage becomes more and more critical. The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has performed a series of voltage tests against home appliances and office equipment since 2005. Since 2006, researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have collaborated with BPA personnel and developed a load component database based on the appliance testing results to facilitate load modeling work for the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC). In this paper, the testing procedure and results are first presented. Then, the load model parameters are derived and grouped. Recommendations are given for aggregating the individual appliance models to the feeder level, the models of which are used for distribution and transmission level studies. C1 [Lu, Ning; Xie, Yulong; Huang, Zhenyu] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Puyleart, Francis; Yang, Steve] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU Bonneville Power Administration [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by Bonneville Power Administration under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 4656 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403802264 ER PT S AU Li, HJ Li, FX Xu, Y Rizy, DT Kueck, JD AF Li, Huijuan Li, Fangxing Xu, Yan Rizy, D. Tom Kueck, John D. GP IEEE TI Interaction of Multiple Distributed Energy Resources in Voltage Regulation SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE ancillary services; distributed energy resources; voltage regulation; voltage unbalance; nonactive power AB Distributed energy resources (DE) with power electronics (PE) interfaces with the tight control are capable of providing reactive power related ancillary services; voltage regulation In particular has drawn much attention. In this paper the problem of how to coordinate control multiple DEs to regulate the local voltage in the distribution system is addressed. A control method for voltage regulation using the DE PE controller is presented and based on the proposed control scheme; the voltage regulation of a distribution system with one DE and two DEs are tested, respectively. The factors affecting the gain parameters of the PE controller are investigated. The simulation results show that the parameters of the controller determine its, dynamic response for voltage regulation and the factors associated with the network characteristics, such as locations of DEs and the amount of load, affect the impact range of the controller. The research work presented in this paper can be potentially used for the control system design of Smart Grid or Utility of the Future. C1 [Li, Huijuan; Li, Fangxing] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Xu, Yan; Rizy, D. Tom; Kueck, John D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37891 USA. RP Li, HJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fli6@utk.edu RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 4811 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803030 ER PT S AU Shankar, M Stovall, J Sorokine, A Bhaduri, B King, T AF Shankar, Mallikarjun Stovall, John Sorokine, Alexandre Bhaduri, Budhendra King, Thomas, Jr. GP IEEE TI Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Electric Grid; Spatial Reasoning; Temporal; Visualization AB For the North American hurricane season, in partnership with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and working with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Reliability, we have developed a capability that helps visualize the status of the electric transmission system infrastructure. The capability toolkit, called VERDE - Visualizing Energy Resources Dynamically on Earth, takes advantage of the Google Earth (R) platform to display spatio-temporally informed power grid and related data. Custom libraries describe the electrical transmission network in the Eastern United States and the dynamic status of each transmission line. Standard Google Earth layers provide rich spatial context. In addition to live status, VERDE provides a framework and mechanism to ingest predictive models, data from different sources, and response C1 [Shankar, Mallikarjun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stovall, John] Ohio State Univ, Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Sorokine, Alexandre] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. [Bhaduri, Budhendra] ORNL, Geog Informat Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [King, Thomas, Jr.] ORNL, Elect Transmiss & Delivery Program, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Shankar, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shankarm@ornl.gov; stovalljp@ornl.gov; sorokinA@ornl.gov; bhadurib1@ornl.gov; kingtjjr@ornl.gov RI Sorokine, Alexandre/G-5746-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725]; U.S. government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-000R22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. government under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. government purposes. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 5036 EP + PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803073 ER PT S AU Smith, SC Sen, PK Kroposki, B AF Smith, Steven C. Sen, P. K. Kroposki, Benjamin GP IEEE TI Advancement of Energy Storage Devices and Applications in Electrical Power System SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Energy storage; renewable energy; distributed resources; battery; compressed air; flywheel; pumped-hydro; supercapacitor; ultracapacitor; superconducting magnetic energy storage; renewable energy ID RENEWABLE ENERGY; CAES AB Overall structure of electrical power system is in the process of changing. For incremental growth, it is moving away from fossil fuel based operations to renewable energy resources that are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. At the same time it has to grow to meet the ever increasing need for more energy. These changes bring very unique opportunities and obstacles. Over the past few decades many new and innovative ideas have been explored in the broad area of energy storage. They range in size, capacity and complexity in design. Some of the systems are designed for applications in large scale power and others are performing short term energy storage ride through capabilities for critical manufacturing and technology systems. Energy storage technology has become an enabling technology for renewable energy applications and enhancing power quality in the transmission and distribution power systems. This paper will summarize all the advancements made and provide a composite picture of costs and trends in storage technologies. C1 [Smith, Steven C.] Lockheed Martin, Littleton, CO 80122 USA. [Sen, P. K.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kroposki, Benjamin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Smith, SC (reprint author), Lockheed Martin, Littleton, CO 80122 USA. EM steve.c.smith@lmco.com; psen@mines.edu; Benjamin_Kroposki@NREL.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 5072 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803082 ER PT B AU Ma, J Makarov, YV Miller, CH Nguyen, TB AF Ma, Jian Makarov, Yuri V. Miller, Carl H. Nguyen, Tony B. GP IEEE TI Use Multi-Dimensional Ellipsoid to Monitor Dynamic Behavior of Power Systems Based on PMU Measurement SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Minimum volume ellipsoid; PMU measurement; dynamic behavior; extreme events; singular value decomposition; orientation matrix ID COMPUTATION AB The paper discusses a new idea or the multidimensional characteristic ellipsoid (CELL) approach to monitor dynamic behavior of an interconnected power system using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) measurement. The multidimensional Minimum Volume Enclosing Ellipsoid (MVEE) is extracted based on phasor measurements to represent the feature or dynamic behavior of power systems. The orientation matrix of MVE describes the shape and orientation of the CELL. Extreme events can be identified by trucking the volume change of the CELL, with respect to time. Some feature indexes that can be used to determine the disturbance are also proposed to interpret the dynamic behavior of the power system, and to determine the decision trees for extreme event identification procedure. This method will be a useful tool for providing wide-area situational awareness for grid operators, identification of system disturbances and detection of system stresses and their locations. C1 [Ma, Jian; Makarov, Yuri V.; Miller, Carl H.; Nguyen, Tony B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ma, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jian.ma@pnl.gov; yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; carl.miller@pnl.gov; tony.nguyen@pnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 5151 EP 5158 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803096 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Pierre, J Trudnowski, D Guttromson, R AF Zhou, Ning Pierre, John Trudnowski, Daniel Guttromson, Ross GP IEEE TI Robust RLS Methods for On-line Estimation of Power System Electromechanical Modes SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc C1 [Zhou, Ning; Guttromson, Ross] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pierre, John] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Trudnowski, Daniel] Montana Tech Univ Montana, Butte, MT 59701 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER46044]; EPSCoR [DE-FC26-06NT42750]; [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; [TPWRS-00672-2006] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR under Grants DE-FG02-03ER46044 and DE-FC26-06NT42750. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Paper no. TPWRS-00672-2006. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 5417 EP 5417 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803146 ER PT S AU Yang, B Huang, Z Kosterev, D AF Yang, Bo Huang, Zhenyu Kosterev, Dmitry GP IEEE TI Multi-terminal Subsystem Model Validation for Pacific DC Intertie SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Pacific DC Intertie; model validation; hybrid simulation; Playback; sensitivity study; PMU AB This paper proposes to validate dynamic model of Pacific DC Intertie with the concept of hybrid simulation by combing simulation with PMU measurements. The Playback function available in GE PSLF is adopted for hybrid simulation. It is demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using Playback function on multi-terminal subsystem., Sensitivity studies are also presented as a result of common PMU measurement quality problem, ie, offset noise and time synchronization. Results indicate a good tolerance of PDCI model generally. It is recommended that requirements should apply to phasor measurements in model validation work to ensure better analysis. Key parameters are identified based on impact of value change to model behavior. Two events are employed for preliminary model validation with PMU measurements. Suggestions are made for PDCI model validation work in the future. C1 [Yang, Bo; Huang, Zhenyu] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kosterev, Dmitry] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bo.yang@pnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; dnkosterev@bpa.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 5418 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803147 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Pierre, J Hauer, J AF Zhou, Ning Pierre, John Hauer, John GP IEEE TI Initial Results in Power System Identification From Injected Probing Signals Using a Subspace Method SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc C1 [Zhou, Ning; Hauer, John] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pierre, John] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU The Bonneville Power Administration [00016286]; the U.S. Department of Energy; EPSCoR [DE-FG02-03ER4604]; [TPWRS-00419-2005] FX This work was supported in part by the Bonneville Power Administration under Grant 00016286 and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR under Grant DE-FG02-03ER46044. Paper no. TPWRS-00419-2005 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 5426 EP 5426 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803148 ER PT S AU Schneider, K Gerkensmeyer, C Kintner-Meyer, M Fletcher, R AF Schneider, K. Gerkensmeyer, C. Kintner-Meyer, M. Fletcher, R. GP IEEE TI Impact Assessment of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles on Pacific Northwest Distribution Systems SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE Power distribution; Power industry; Road vehicle electric propulsion AB The U.S. electric power infrastructure is a significantly underutilized strategic asset which, with the proper shift in operational paradigms could provide a significant portion of the energy requirements for the existing U.S. light duty vehicle (LDV) fleet. This shift would result in reduced emissions, improved economics for utilities, and a reduced dependence on oil. A previous study has shown that the existing generation and transmission assets of the U.S. electric power infrastructure could feasibly supply the electricity for approximately 70% of the U.S. LDV fleet. In the limitations of the distribution system were not explicitly addressed and are more difficult to quantify because of the large diversity of distribution systems topology, design guidelines and load growth. This paper focuses on the impacts of a high penetration of Plug-in Electric Hybrid Vehicles (PHEVs) on the distribution systems. Presented are results specific for the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Schneider, K.; Gerkensmeyer, C.; Kintner-Meyer, M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Fletcher, R.] Snohomish County PUD Everet, Washington, DC 98206 USA. RP Schneider, K (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; clint.gerkensmemer@pnl.gov; michael.kintner-meyer@pnl.gov; rhfletcher@snopud.com FU Office of Electricity Delivery; Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX This work was funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 5568 EP + PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403803171 ER PT S AU Underwood, DG AF Underwood, David G. GP IEEE TI Large Doppler Shift in RADAR Detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE Cosmic Ray Doppler AB Radar detection of cosmic ray air showers has been discussed for 60 years, but never clearly observed. The topic was reexamined by Gorham in 2001 and some serious simulations were done by Takai, who also initiated the Mariachi project utilizing commercial television transmissions as a signal source. The air showers from ultra-high energy cosmic rays are expected to generate a plasma with plasma frequency in the high VHF region. One factor limiting the received signal strength is the short ion recombination time in air at low altitude. However, a major factor which has not been the center of attention so far is the possible large Doppler shifts for non-specular reflection, and the soft transition between specular and diffuse for small objects and short time scales. We discuss recent work on receivers, and simulations of the Doppler shift. These simulations assume a very short ion recombination time in the lower atmosphere, and use an extremely simple mathematical model. A central feature of oar simulations is large Doppler shift from non-moving material. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Underwood, DG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dgu@hep.anl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 753 EP 757 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663000139 ER PT B AU Yanmaz, E AF Yanmaz, Evsen GP IEEE TI Impact of topology-dependent and independent mobility models on the connectivity of wireless networks SO 2008 IEEE SARNOFF SYMPOSIUM SE IEEE Sarnoff Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Sarnoff Symposium CY APR 28-30, 2008 CL Princeton, NJ SP IEEE AB The performance of the algorithms developed for wireless ad hoe and sensor networks is strictly dependent upon the changes in the physical topology of such networks. In this work, the connectivity and average path length of a static wireless network is studied in the presence of overlaying mobile nodes. A topology-based mobility model is proposed and the performance is empirically compared with traditional mobility models, such as random walk, for grid, random, and degree-limited initial topologies for different network sizes. It is shown that the connectivity of randomly distributed wireless networks can significantly be improved even with a single additional mobile node. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yanmaz, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eyanmaz@alumni.cmu.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1843-5 J9 IEEE SARNOFF SYMPOS PY 2008 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIC39 UT WOS:000258372300013 ER EF