FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Shapira, D Liang, JF Gross, CJ Varner, RL Beene, JR Stracener, DW Mueller, PE Kolata, JJ Roberts, A Loveland, W Vinodkumar, AM Prisbrey, L Sprunger, P Jones, KL Caraley, AL AF Shapira, D. Liang, J. F. Gross, C. J. Varner, R. L. Beene, J. R. Stracener, D. W. Mueller, P. E. Kolata, J. J. Roberts, A. Loveland, W. Vinodkumar, A. M. Prisbrey, L. Sprunger, P. Jones, K. L. Caraley, A. L. BE Rehm, KE Back, BB Esbensen, H Lister, CJ TI Evaporation residue yields in reactions of heavy neutron-rich radioactive ion beams with Ni-64 and Zr-96 targets SO FUSION 08 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on New Aspects of Heavy Ion Collisions Near the Coulomb Barrier CY SEP 22-26, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP Phys Div, Argonne Natl Lab, Canberra Eurisys, Micron-Semiconductor, Ortec, Wiener, Plein & Baus DE Radioactive Ion Beams; Neutron-Rich; Fusion ID SUBBARRIER FUSION; ENHANCEMENT AB As hindrance sets in for the fusion of heavier systems, the effect of large neutron excess in the colliding nuclei on their probability to fuse is still an open question. The detection of evaporation residues (ERs), however, provides indisputable evidence for the fusion (complete and incomplete) in the reaction. We therefore devised a system with which we could measure ERs using low intensity neutron-rich radioactive ion beams with an efficiency close to 100%. We report on measurements of the production of ERs in collisions of Sn-132,Sn-134, Te-134 and Sb-134 ion beams with medium mass, neutron-rich targets. The data taken with Sn-131,Sn-134 bombarding a Ni-64 target are compared to available data (ERs and fusion) taken with stable Sri isotopes. Preliminary data on the fusion of Sn-132 with Zr-96 target are also presented. C1 [Shapira, D.; Liang, J. F.; Gross, C. J.; Varner, R. L.; Beene, J. R.; Stracener, D. W.; Mueller, P. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kolata, J. J.; Roberts, A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Loveland, W.; Vinodkumar, A. M.; Prisbrey, L.; Sprunger, P.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jones, K. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Caraley, A. L.] SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Phys, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Shapira, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Jones, Katherine/B-8487-2011 OI Jones, Katherine/0000-0001-7335-1379 FU DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle. A.R; J.J.K; NSF [PHY02-44989] FX This work is supported by DOE contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle. A.R and J.J.K are supported by NSF grant PHY02-44989 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0631-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1098 BP 237 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BJF74 UT WOS:000265468600037 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV Clover, CW Shankar, M Chin, JC Yau, DKY Ma, CYT Yang, Y Sahni, S AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Clover, Charles W. Shankar, Mallikarjun Chin, Jren-Chit Yau, David K. Y. Ma, Chris Y. T. Yang, Yong Sahni, Sartaj GP IEEE TI Improved SPRT Detection Using Localization with Application to Radiation Sources SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Sensor network; sequential probability ratio test; radiation source; detection and localization ID RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; SENSOR NETWORKS AB We consider the problem, of detecting a source with a scalar intensity inside a two-dimensional monitoring area using intensity sensor measurements in presence of a background process. The Sensor measurements may be random due to the underlying nature of the source and background as well as due to sensor errors. The Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) can be used to infer detections from measurements at the individual sensors. When a network of sensors is available, these detection results may be combined using a fusion rule such as majority rule. We propose a detection method that first utilizes a robust localization method to estimate the source parameters and then employs an adaptive SPRY based on estimates to infer detection. Under Lipschitz conditions on the source and background parameters and minimum size of the packing number of state-space, we show that this method provides better performance compared to: (a) any SPRT-based single sensor detection with fixed threshold, and (b) majority and certain general fusers of SPRT-based single sensor detectors. We analyze the performance of this method for the case of detecting point radiation sources, and present simulation and testbed results. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Clover, Charles W.; Shankar, Mallikarjun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chin, Jren-Chit; Yau, David K. Y.; Ma, Chris Y. T.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Yang, Yong] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 60680 USA. [Sahni, Sartaj] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Shankar, Mallikarjun/N-4400-2015; OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460; Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU SensorNet program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; LLC for U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was funded by the SensorNet program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 633 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560000082 ER PT B AU Beaver, JM Kerekes, RA Treadwell, JN AF Beaver, Justin M. Kerekes, Ryan A. Treadwell, Jim N. GP IEEE TI An Information Fusion Framework for Threat Assessment SO FUSION: 2009 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Information Fusion CY JUL 06-09, 2009 CL Seattle, WA SP ISIF, IEEE, ONR, ARL, AF Res Lab, Northrop Grumman, CUBRC, Boeing Co, Georgia Tech Res Inst DE Information fusion; threat assessment; Bayesian belief networks; data analysis; threat signatures AB Modern enterprises are becoming increasingly sensitive to the potential destructive power of small groups or individuals with malicious intent. In response, significant investments are being made in developing a means to assess the likelihood of certain threats to their enterprises. Threat assessment needs are typically focused in very specfic application areas where current processes rely heavily on human analysis to both combine any available data and draw conclusions about the probability of a threat. A generic approach to threat assessment is proposed, including a threat taxonomy and decision-level information fusion framework, that provides a computational means or merging multi-modal data for the purpose of assessing the presence of a threat. The framework is designed for flexibility, and intentionally accounts for the accuracy of each data source, given the environmental conditions, in order to manage the uncertainty associated with any acquire data. The taxonomy and information fusion framework is described, and discussed in the context of real-world applications such as shipping container security and cyber security. C1 [Beaver, Justin M.; Treadwell, Jim N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kerekes, Ryan A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beaver, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Appl Software Engn Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM beaverjm@ornl.gov; kerekesra@ornl.gov; treadwelljn@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Oak Ridge, Tennessee [37831-6285]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR2225, AC05-00OR22725] FX Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6285; managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR2225. This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9824-4380-4 PY 2009 BP 1903 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BMT89 UT WOS:000273560001101 ER PT J AU Taylor, G Harvey, RW AF Taylor, Gary Harvey, Robert W. TI ASSESSMENT OF AN OBLIQUE ECE DIAGNOSTIC FOR ITER SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating CY MAR 10-13, 2008 CL Yosemite Natl Park, CA DE electron cyclotron emission; plasma diagnostics; ITER ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON EMISSION AB A systematic disagreement between the electron temperature measured by electron cyclotron emission (ECE) (T(ECE)) and laser Thomson scattering (T(TS)), which increases with T(ECE), is observed in JET and TFTR plasmas, such that TECE similar to 1.2 T(TS) when T(ECE) similar to 10 keV The disagreement is consistent with a non-Maxwellian distortion in the bulk electron momentum distribution. ITER is projected to operate with T(e)(0) similar to 20 to 40 keV so the disagreement between T(ECE) and T(TS) could be >50%, with significant physics implications. The GENRAY ray-tracing code predicts that a two-view ECE system, with perpendicular and moderately oblique viewing antennas, would be sufficient to reconstruct a two-temperature bulk distribution. If the electron momentum distribution remains Maxwellian, the moderately oblique view could still be used to measure the electron temperature profile T(e)(R). A viewing dump will not be required for the oblique view, and plasma refraction will be minimal. The oblique view has a similar radial resolution to the perpendicular view, but with some reduction in radial coverage. Oblique viewing angles of up to 20 deg can be implemented without a major revision to the front end of the existing ITER ECE diagnostic design. C1 [Taylor, Gary] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Harvey, Robert W.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM gtaylor@pppl.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 55 IS 1 BP 64 EP 75 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 400MM UT WOS:000262872300007 ER PT S AU Payne, TL Bogomolny, D Brown, G AF Payne, Terry L. Bogomolny, David Brown, Gilbert BE Jones, RF TI Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cells: A Market Need Provides Research Opportunities SO FUTURE OF THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Future of the Chemical Industry CY AUG 18, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP ACS,Div Business Dev & Management DE catalyst; fuel cell; global; hydrogen; impurity; international; market; membrane; PEM C1 [Payne, Terry L.; Brown, Gilbert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Payne, TL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM paynetl@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-0002-9 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2009 VL 1026 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BQX40 UT WOS:000282062300005 ER PT S AU Miyoshi, Y Jordanova, VK AF Miyoshi, Y. Jordanova, V. K. BE Hirahara, M Shinohara, I Miyoshi, Y Terada, N Mukai, T TI Numerical Simulation of Energetic Electrons in the Inner Magnetosphere during the October 2001 storm SO FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF SPACE PLASMA AND PARTICLE INSTRUMENTATION AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Future Perspectives of Space Plasma and Particle Instrumentation and International Collaborations CY NOV 01-03, 2006 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Rikkyo Univ, Nagoya Univ, Solar Terrestrial Environm Lab, Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci ID OUTER RADIATION BELT; MAGNETIC STORM AB We simulated the dynamics of energetic electrons during the October 2001 magnetic storm with the relativistic RAM electron model for a wide range of energies. We identified the transport modes which produce the flux variations at the different energies. The simulation reproduced the inward convection and the local time flux asymmetry of hot electrons during the main phase. The higher-energy electrons, on the other hand, were predominantly transported inward by radial diffusion and not convective motion. Most of the adiabatic energization occurred around the main phase due to the convection, and radial diffusion has a secondary effect. C1 [Miyoshi, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Jordanova, V. K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miyoshi, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. OI Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 FU Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [17740326]; NASA LWS; GI programs; Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant FX This work was supported by grant-in-aid for scientific research (17740326) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. Work at Los Alamos was conducted under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy, with partial support from the NASA LWS and GI programs, and from a Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant. The LANL satellite data are provided from M. Thomsen and G. Reeves. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0681-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1144 BP 142 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BLS33 UT WOS:000270932100023 ER PT J AU McJunkin, TR Scott, JR AF McJunkin, Timothy R. Scott, Jill R. BE Vargas, RE TI APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC FOR AUTOMATED INTERPRETATION OF MASS SPECTRA SO FUZZY LOGIC: THEORY, PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASSISTED-LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION; DOUBLE-BOND POSITION; ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE; CHEMICAL INFERENCE; COMPUTER METHODS; SPECTROMETRY DATA; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; NEURAL-NETWORKS; EXPERT-SYSTEMS; DECISION-TREE AB The advent of laboratory automation has given researchers the capability to acquire a plethora of data so that data interpretation is now the rate limiting step, which is particularly true in mass spectrometry used for high-throughput screening. Fuzzy logic is a natural way to encapsulate the processes used by human experts to interpret mass spectra because mass spectra can be described linguistically. Unfortunately, the vast majority of approaches to automated mass spectral analysis have relied on neural network or chemometric strategies. Artificial neural network interpretation schemes tend to become a "black box" that lacks transparency in the decision process and require greater skill in choosing an architecture and training method than the mass spectrometrist may realize and, therefore, are prone to pitfalls that may not be visible without expensive validation efforts. Chemometric techniques tend to mishandle unanticipated spectral data, often obscuring valuable information. In contrast, fuzzy logic rules are straightforward mathematical expressions of plain language; thus, the decision-making process is transparent. In addition, fuzzy methods can be used to highlight the presence of unexpected, unknown spectra. In the case of data sets in which there is little a priori knowledge about the solution, other data discovery methods can be used to assist in forming the rule base. A prudent approach uses these methods to abstract key features from data sets to form fuzzy rules, but then relies on fuzzy logic to capture the human inference process to form the decision basis implemented in the classifier. Examples illustrate the fuzzy methods needed to describe mass spectra, to develop fuzzy rule bases, to employ fuzzy logic approaches to classify spectra, and to construct methods to determine hard classifications (i.e., defuzzification) for final decision making as well as methods to resolve uncertainty in classification with information provided by spatially related data points in mass spectra based chemical imaging. The illustrations presented provide a bridge to span the gap between scientists using mass spectrometry and practitioners of fuzzy logic. C1 [McJunkin, Timothy R.; Scott, Jill R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Scott, JR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625 MS 2208, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM jill.scott@inl.gov NR 74 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60456-915-5 PY 2009 BP 85 EP 113 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BPS15 UT WOS:000279761800005 ER PT S AU Meegan, C Bhat, PN Bissaldi, E Briggs, M Connaughton, V Diehl, R Fishman, G Greiner, J Hoover, AS van der Horst, A von Kienlin, A Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Lichti, G Paciesas, W Preece, R Steinle, H Wallace, MS Wilson-Hodge, C AF Meegan, Charles Bhat, P. N. Bissaldi, Elisabetta Briggs, Michael Connaughton, Valerie Diehl, Roland Fishman, Gerald Greiner, Jochen Hoover, Andrew S. van der Horst, Alexander von Kienlin, Andreas Kippen, R. Marc Kouveliotou, Chryssa Lichti, Giselher Paciesas, William Preece, Robert Steinle, Helmut Wallace, Mark S. Wilson-Hodge, Colleen BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI On-Orbit Performance of the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitoi SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma-ray bursts; gamma-ray detectors ID HIGH-ENERGY AB The Fermi Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) enhances the science return from the Fermi mission by providing observations of GRBs in the energy range 8 keV to 40 MeV, thereby extending GRB spectra three decades below the Large Area Telescope (LAT) threshold of similar to 20 MeV. GBM employs twelve sodium iodide scintillation detectors and two bismuth germinate scintillation detectors to observe the full unocculted sky. The flight software localizes GRBs and can generate a request to autonomously repoint the spacecraft to place a burst within the LAT field of view. GBM has a trigger threshold of 0.74 photons-cm(-2)-s(-1) and triggers on similar to 260 bursts per year, as well as a variety of other gamma-ray transients. C1 [Meegan, Charles] Univ Space Res Assoc, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Bhat, P. N.; Connaughton, Valerie; Paciesas, William; Preece, Robert] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Bissaldi, Elisabetta; Briggs, Michael; Diehl, Roland; Greiner, Jochen; von Kienlin, Andreas; Lichti, Giselher; Steinle, Helmut] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Fishman, Gerald; van der Horst, Alexander; Kouveliotou, Chryssa; Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Kippen, R. Marc; Wallace, Mark S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Meegan, C (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 7 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300002 ER PT S AU Bhat, PN Meegan, CA Lichti, GG Briggs, AS Connaughton, V Diehl, R Fishman, GJ Greiner, J Kippen, RM Kouveliotou, C Paciesas, WS Preece, RD von Kienlin, A AF Bhat, P. N. Meegan, C. A. Lichti, G. G. Briggs, M. S. Connaughton, V. Diehl, R. Fishman, G. J. Greiner, J. Kippen, R. M. Kouveliotou, C. Paciesas, W. S. Preece, R. D. von Kienlin, A. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Instrument SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma-ray Burst Instrumentation AB The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope launched on June 11, 2008 carries two experiments onboard - the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The primary mission of the GBM instrument is to support the LAT in observing gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by providing low-energy measurements with high temporal and spectral resolution as well as rapid burst locations over a large field-of-view (>= 8 sr). The GBM will complement the LAT measurements by observing GRBs in the energy range 8 keV to 40 Mev, the region of the spectral turnover in most GRBs. The GBM detector signals are processed by the onboard digital processing unit (DPU). We describe some of the hardware features of the DPU and its expected limitations during intense triggers. C1 [Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Meegan, C. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Lichti, G. G.; von Kienlin, A.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Garching, Germany. [Fishman, G. J.; Kouveliotou, C.] NASA Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Kippen, R. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bhat, PN (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 34 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300007 ER PT S AU Bissaldi, E von Kienlin, A Lichti, G Steinle, H Bhat, PN Briggs, MS Fishman, GJ Hoover, AS Kippen, RM Krumrey, M Gerlach, M Connaughton, V Diehl, R Greiner, J van der Horst, AJ Kouveliotou, C McBreeni, S Meegan, CA Paciesas, WS Preece, RD Wilson-Hodge, CA AF Bissaldi, E. von Kienlin, A. Lichti, G. Steinle, H. Bhat, P. N. Briggs, M. S. Fishman, G. J. Hoover, A. S. Kippen, R. M. Krumrey, M. Gerlach, M. Connaughton, V. Diehl, R. Greiner, J. van der Horst, A. J. Kouveliotou, C. McBreeni, S. Meegan, C. A. Paciesas, W. S. Preece, R. D. Wilson-Hodge, C. A. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Fermi GBM: Main detector-level calibration results SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope; GLAST; Gamma-Ray Detectors; Calibration; Nal(Tl); BGO; Gamma-Ray Burst ID GLAST BURST MONITOR AB One of the scientific objectives of NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is the study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) was designed to detect and localize bursts for the Fermi mission. By means of an array of 12 Nal(Tl) (8 keV to 1 MeV) and two BGO (0.2 to 40 MeV) scintillation detectors, GBM extends the energy range (20 MeV to > 300 GeV) of Fermi's main instrument, the Large Area Telescope (LAT), into the traditional range of current GRB databases. The physical detector response of the GBM instrument to GRBs is determined with the help of Monte Carlo simulations, which are supported and verified by on-ground individual detector calibration measurements. We present the principal instrument properties, which have been determined as a function of energy and angle, including the channel-energy relation, the energy resolution and the effective area. C1 [Bissaldi, E.; von Kienlin, A.; Lichti, G.; Steinle, H.; Diehl, R.; Greiner, J.; McBreeni, S.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bhat, P. N.; Briggs, M. S.; Connaughton, V.; Paciesas, W. S.; Preece, R. D.] Univ Alabama, NSSTC, Huntsville, AL USA. [Fishman, G. J.; van der Horst, A. J.; Kouveliotou, C.; Meegan, C. A.; Wilson-Hodge, C. A.] Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Hoover, A. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Krumrey, M.; Gerlach, M.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany. [McBreeni, S.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. RP Bissaldi, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RI Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011; Bissaldi, Elisabetta/K-7911-2016; OI Bissaldi, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9935-8106; Preece, Robert/0000-0003-1626-7335 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 37 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300008 ER PT S AU Briggs, MS Connaughton, V Meegan, CA Wilson-Hodge, C Kippen, M Hurley, K AF Briggs, Michael S. Connaughton, Valerie Meegan, Charles A. Wilson-Hodge, Colleen Kippen, Marc Hurley, Kevin BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI The Accuracy of GBM GRB Locations SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma rays: Bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURST AB The Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) locates transient gamma-ray sources using the relative rates in the twelve NaI detectors. The location algorithm is described. This method is subject to both statistical and systematic errors. Three types of locations are produced: automatic locations by the Flight Software onboard GBM, automatic locations by ground software, and human-guided locations. A Bayesian model comparison method is used to analyze the error distributions of the GBM GRB locations. The analysis uses samples of accurate reference locations provided by other instruments. C1 [Briggs, Michael S.; Connaughton, Valerie] Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Meegan, Charles A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Wilson-Hodge, Colleen] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Kippen, Marc] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hurley, Kevin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Briggs, MS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 40 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300009 ER PT S AU Fryer, CL AF Fryer, Chris L. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Applying Lessons from SN Studies to GRBs SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE stellar evolution: late stages; supernovae; gamma-ray bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; SUPERNOVA; PROGENITORS; MODEL AB Supernovae and Gamma-Ray bursts display many similarities, both in their observational qualities and in the engines behind these powerful explosions. Although not identical, there is a strong synergy in the study of these two objects. There is much the gamma-ray burst field can learn from the lessons of the more-developed supernova field, but the supernova field can also learn from new techniques developed for gamma-ray burst studies. Here I review some of the "lessons learned" from these fields to help foster this synergy. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D409,CCS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300027 ER PT S AU Panaitescu, A AF Panaitescu, A. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Gamma-Ray Burst afterglows: theory and observations SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn ID SWIFT XRT DATA; LIGHT-CURVES; THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GRB AFTERGLOWS; FIREBALL MODEL; JET BREAKS; EMISSION; SHOCK; ENERGY AB I discuss some theoretical expectations for the synchrotron emission from a relativistic blast-wave interacting with the ambient medium, as a model for GRB afterglows, and compare them with observations. An afterglow flux evolving as a power-law in time, a bright optical flash during and after the burst, and light-curve breaks owing to a tight ejecta collimation are the major predictions that were confirmed observationally, but it should be recognized that light-curve decay indices are not correlated with the spectral slopes (as would be expected), optical flashes are quite rare, and jet-breaks harder to find in Swift X-ray afterglows. X-ray light-curve plateaus could be due to variations in the average energy-per-solid-angle of the blast-wave, confirming to two other anticipated features of GRB outflows: energy injection and angular structure. The latter is also the more likely origin of the fast-rises seen in some optical light-curves. To account for the existence of both chromatic and achromatic afterglow light-curve breaks, the overall picture must be even more complex and include a new mechanism that dominates occasionally the emission from the blast-wave: either late internal shocks or scattering (bulk and/or inverse-Compton) of the blast-wave emission by an outflow interior to it. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Panaitescu, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR 1, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 127 EP 138 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300035 ER PT S AU Gonzalez, MM Sacahui, JR Dingus, BL AF Gonzalez, M. M. Sacahui, J. R. Dingus, B. L. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI GRB980923; a Burst with the MeV-spectral Component of GRB941017 SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma rays: bursts; gamma rays: observations; methods:data analysis ID BATSE AB A detailed joint analysis of BATSE-LAD and EGRET-TASC data yielded to the discovery of an anomalous MeV-component in the spectra of GRB941017. The detailed description and time evolution, as well as the lack of other GRBs with the MeV-component have made difficult the description of such MeV-component. Previous analyses by Kaneko [5] and Gonzalez [3, 4], showed that the spectrum of GRB980923 beyond 10MeV is not consistent with a smooth continuation of the spectra at keV-energies along the whole burst. We have deeply analyzed GRB980923 and found the presence of a MeV-component with similar spectral features to the one found in GRB941017. In this work we compare GRB941017 and GRB980923. C1 [Gonzalez, M. M.; Sacahui, J. R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Dingus, B. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gonzalez, MM (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. OI Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [J50705-F] FX M. M. Gonzalez was partially supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, grant number J50705-F. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 409 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300096 ER PT S AU Salmonson, JD AF Salmonson, Jay D. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Numerical Modeling of GRB Prompt Emission via Internal Shocks SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma-ray bursts; internal shocks; synchrotron; relativistic astrophysics AB The prompt emission from gamma-ray bursts is the most direct observation we have of the mysterious central engine. It also remains one of the most enigmatic and intriguing phases of the GRB. Due to the difficulty in simulating highly relativistic hydrodynamic flows and calculating their observational signatures, efforts to model this phase to date have been primarily either crude analytical, or approximate numerical treatments. We present results from a new numerical framework which post-processes relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of internal shocks from the COSMOS++ code to provide a multi-wavelength temporal emission profile as would be seen by an observer. This framework allows for the study of arbitrary shock geometries, energetics, and emission mechanisms and to make clear predictions of their observable consequences. Our method is general and thus includes all relativitic time-of-flight, doppler, and aberrative effects as well as cosmological redshift. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Salmonson, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 422 EP 424 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300100 ER PT S AU Ukwatta, TN Sakamoto, T Dhuga, KS Parke, WC Barthelmy, SD Gehrels, N Stamatikos, M Tueller, J AF Ukwatta, T. N. Sakamoto, T. Dhuga, K. S. Parke, W. C. Barthelmy, S. D. Gehrels, N. Stamatikos, M. Tueller, J. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Investigating the Possibility of Screening High-z GRBs based on BAT Prompt Emission Properties SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE Gamma-ray Bursts; High-z GRBs ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; REDSHIFT; MISSION AB Being able to quickly select among gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) seen by the Swift satellite those which are high-z candidates would give ground-based observers a better chance to determine a redshift for such distant GRBs. Information about these high-z GRBs is important in helping to resolve questions about the early universe such as the formation rate of high-z GRBs, the re-ionization period of the universe, the metallicity of the early universe, and the Hubble expansion. Initially using a sample of 51 GRBs with previously measured redshifts, we have developed high-z screening criteria employing the GRB spectral as well as temporal characteristics of the prompt emission from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on Swift. Now that the sample has increased to 81 GRBs, we have revisited the screening criteria and our methodology. Our updated high-z screening criteria are presented in this paper. C1 [Ukwatta, T. N.; Dhuga, K. S.; Parke, W. C.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Ukwatta, T. N.; Sakamoto, T.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Gehrels, N.; Stamatikos, M.; Tueller, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Stamatikos, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ukwatta, TN (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 437 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300105 ER PT S AU Sakamoto, T Barbier, L Barthelmy, SD Cummings, JR Fenimore, EE Gehrels, N Krimm, HA Markwardt, CB Palmer, DM Parsons, AM Sato, G Stamatikos, M Tueller, J AF Sakamoto, T. Barbier, L. Barthelmy, S. D. Cummings, J. R. Fenimore, E. E. Gehrels, N. Krimm, H. A. Markwardt, C. B. Palmer, D. M. Parsons, A. M. Sato, G. Stamatikos, M. Tueller, J. BE Meegan, C Gehrels, N Kouveliotou, C TI Probing the Nature of Short Swift Bursts via Deep INTEGRAL Monitoring of GRB 050925 SO GAMMA-RAY BUSTS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Huntsville, AL SP Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, Swift, Univ Alabama, Curry Fdn DE gamma ray: bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; FLARE AB We present results from Swift, XMM-Newton, and deep INTEGRAL monitoring (AO-5 key program data) in the region of GRB 050925. This short Swift burst is a candidate for a newly discovered soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) with the following observational burst properties: 1) galactic plane (b=-0.07 degrees) localization, 2) 150 msec duration, and 3) a blackbody rather than a simple power-law spectral shape. We will show a possible X-ray counterpart of GRB 050925, and also the results of searching similar to 1 Msec INTEGRAL data for persistent hard X-ray emission from this SGR candidate source. C1 [Sakamoto, T.; Cummings, J. R.; Krimm, H. A.; Markwardt, C. B.] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Sakamoto, T.; Barbier, L.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Cummings, J. R.; Gehrels, N.; Krimm, H. A.; Markwardt, C. B.; Sato, G.; Stamatikos, M.; Tueller, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cummings, J. R.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Astrophys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Fenimore, E. E.; Palmer, D. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Krimm, H. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Markwardt, C. B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sato, G.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Stamatikos, M.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sakamoto, T (reprint author), CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Sakamoto, T (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Parsons, Ann/I-6604-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0670-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1133 BP 503 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BKC01 UT WOS:000267717300120 ER PT S AU Chialvo, AA Chialvo, S Simonson, JM AF Chialvo, Ariel A. Chialvo, Sebastian Simonson, J. Michael BE Hutchenson, KW Scurto, AM Subramaniam, B TI On the Molecular-Based Modeling of Dilute Ternary Systems in Compressible Media: Formal Results and Thermodynamic Pitfalls SO GAS-EXPANDED LIQUIDS AND NEAR-CRITICAL MEDIA: GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Green Chemistry and Engineering with Gas-Expanded Liquids and Near-Critical Media CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP ACS, Div Ind Engn Chem ID TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; NEAR-CRITICAL SOLUTIONS; SUPERCRITICAL MIXTURES; SOLUTE SOLUTE; FUGACITY COEFFICIENTS; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; SOLUBILITY; SOLVATION; ENTRAINER; FLUIDS AB Truncated series expansions for the species fugacity coefficients in ternary dilute systems are derived for the systematic study of mixed solutes in highly compressible media. Then, explicit molecular-based expressions for the expansion coefficients are drawn in terms of direct and total correlation function integrals associated with the actual microstructure of the reference infinite dilute system. Finally, these self-consistent formal expressions are used (a) to derive the corresponding expressions for special systems, (b) to highlight, and discuss with examples from the literature, some frequent pitfalls in the molecular modeling of these mixtures leading to serious thermodynamic inconsistencies, and (c) to illustrate how the proposed expressions reduce exactly, in the zero-density limit, to those for the properties of mixtures obeying the 1(st)-order truncated virial equation of state. C1 [Chialvo, Ariel A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Aqueous Chem & Geochem Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6971-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2009 VL 1006 BP 66 EP 80 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BQX62 UT WOS:000282065100003 ER PT J AU Gabaldon, T Dessimoz, C Huxley-Jones, J Vilella, AJ Sonnhammer, ELL Lewis, S AF Gabaldon, Toni Dessimoz, Christophe Huxley-Jones, Julie Vilella, Albert J. Sonnhammer, Erik L. L. Lewis, Suzanna TI Joining forces in the quest for orthologs SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AUTOMATED CONSTRUCTION; ANNOTATION; RESOURCE AB Better orthology-prediction resources would be beneficial for the whole biological community. A recent meeting discussed how to coordinate and leverage current efforts. C1 [Gabaldon, Toni] Ctr Gene Regulac CRG, Bioinformat & Genom Programme, Barcelona, Spain. [Dessimoz, Christophe] ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Dessimoz, Christophe] Swiss Inst Bioinformat, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Huxley-Jones, Julie] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Computat Biol, Stevenage SG1 2NY, Herts, England. [Vilella, Albert J.] Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [Sonnhammer, Erik L. L.] Stockholm Univ, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm Bioinformat Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lewis, Suzanna] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94618 USA. RP Gabaldon, T (reprint author), Ctr Gene Regulac CRG, Bioinformat & Genom Programme, Dr Aiguader 88-00800, Barcelona, Spain. EM tgabaldon@crg.es RI Gabaldon, Toni/A-7336-2008; Dessimoz, Christophe/D-3678-2011; Vilella, Albert/A-8586-2008; OI Gabaldon, Toni/0000-0003-0019-1735; Dessimoz, Christophe/0000-0002-2170-853X; Vilella, Albert/0000-0002-2005-2516; Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X NR 13 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 9 AR 403 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-9-403 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 514VX UT WOS:000271425300020 PM 19785718 ER PT J AU Heiser, LM Jwang, N Talcott, CL Laderoute, KR Knapp, M Guan, YH Hu, Z Ziyad, S Weber, BL Laquerre, S Jackson, JR Wooster, RF Kuo, WL Gray, JW Spellman, PT AF Heiser, Laura M. Jwang, Nicholas Talcott, Carolyn L. Laderoute, Keith R. Knapp, Merrill Guan, Yinghui Hu, Zhi Ziyad, Safiyyah Weber, Barbara L. Laquerre, Sylvie Jackson, Jeffrey R. Wooster, Richard F. Kuo, Wen Lin Gray, Joe W. Spellman, Paul T. TI Integrated analysis of breast cancer cell lines reveals unique signaling pathways SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; METASTATIC BREAST; PROSTATE-CANCER; RHOB EXPRESSION; RAF-1 KINASE; PIK3CA GENE; IN-VIVO AB Background: Cancer is a heterogeneous disease resulting from the accumulation of genetic defects that negatively impact control of cell division, motility, adhesion and apoptosis. Deregulation in signaling along the EgfR-MAPK pathway is common in breast cancer, though the manner in which deregulation occurs varies between both individuals and cancer subtypes. Results: We were interested in identifying subnetworks within the EgfR-MAPK pathway that are similarly deregulated across subsets of breast cancers. To that end, we mapped genomic, transcriptional and proteomic profiles for 30 breast cancer cell lines onto a curated Pathway Logic symbolic systems model of EgfR-MAPK signaling. This model was composed of 539 molecular states and 396 rules governing signaling between active states. We analyzed these models and identified several subtype-specific subnetworks, including one that suggested Pak1 is particularly important in regulating the MAPK cascade when it is over-expressed. We hypothesized that Pak1 over-expressing cell lines would have increased sensitivity to Mek inhibitors. We tested this experimentally by measuring quantitative responses of 20 breast cancer cell lines to three Mek inhibitors. We found that Pak1 over-expressing luminal breast cancer cell lines are significantly more sensitive to Mek inhibition compared to those that express Pak1 at low levels. This indicates that Pak1 over-expression may be a useful clinical marker to identify patient populations that may be sensitive to Mek inhibitors. Conclusions: All together, our results support the utility of symbolic system biology models for identification of therapeutic approaches that will be effective against breast cancer subsets. C1 [Heiser, Laura M.; Jwang, Nicholas; Guan, Yinghui; Hu, Zhi; Ziyad, Safiyyah; Kuo, Wen Lin; Gray, Joe W.; Spellman, Paul T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Talcott, Carolyn L.; Laderoute, Keith R.; Knapp, Merrill] SRI Int Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Weber, Barbara L.; Laquerre, Sylvie; Jackson, Jeffrey R.; Wooster, Richard F.] GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Oncol CEDD, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. [Gray, Joe W.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Spellman, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ptspellman@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute [P50 CA 58207]; SmithKline Beecham Corporation; [U54 CA 112970] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute grants P50 CA 58207 Breast SPORE, the U54 CA 112970 (ICBP), and by the SmithKline Beecham Corporation grant to JWG. NR 98 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 AR R31 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-3-r31 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 452MO UT WOS:000266544500011 PM 19317917 ER PT J AU Henry, CS Zinner, JF Cohoon, MP Stevens, RL AF Henry, Christopher S. Zinner, Jenifer F. Cohoon, Matthew P. Stevens, Rick L. TI iBsu1103: a new genome-scale metabolic model of Bacillus subtilis based on SEED annotations SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; FLUX ANALYSIS; WILD-TYPE; RECONSTRUCTION; NETWORK; GROWTH; CAPABILITIES; CONSTRAINTS AB Background: Bacillus subtilis is an organism of interest because of its extensive industrial applications, its similarity to pathogenic organisms, and its role as the model organism for Gram positive, sporulating bacteria. In this work, we introduce a new genome-scale metabolic model of B. subtilis 168 called iBsu1103. This new model is based on the annotated B. subtilis 168 genome generated by the SEED, one of the most up-to-date and accurate annotations of B. subtilis 168 available. Results: The iBsu1103 model includes 1,437 reactions associated with 1,103 genes, making it the most complete model of B. subtilis available. The model also includes Gibbs free energy change (Delta(r)G'degrees) values for 1,403 (97%) of the model reactions estimated by using the group contribution method. This data was used with an improved reaction reversibility prediction method to identify 653 (45%) irreversible reactions in the model. The model was validated against an experimental dataset consisting of 1,500 distinct conditions and was optimized by using an improved model optimization method to increase model accuracy from 89.7% to 93.1%. Conclusions: Basing the iBsu1103 model on the annotations generated by the SEED significantly improved the model completeness and accuracy compared with the most recent previously published model. The enhanced accuracy of the iBsu1103 model also demonstrates the efficacy of the improved reaction directionality prediction method in accurately identifying irreversible reactions in the B. subtilis metabolism. The proposed improved model optimization methodology was also demonstrated to be effective in minimally adjusting model content to improve model accuracy. C1 [Henry, Christopher S.; Zinner, Jenifer F.; Cohoon, Matthew P.; Stevens, Rick L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zinner, Jenifer F.; Stevens, Rick L.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Henry, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chenry@mcs.anl.gov; jzinner@mcs.anl.gov; cohoon@mcs.anl.gov; stevens@anl.gov NR 49 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 6 AR R69 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-6-r69 PG 46 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 465RK UT WOS:000267604300019 PM 19555510 ER PT J AU Hooper, SD Mavromatis, K Kyrpides, NC AF Hooper, Sean D. Mavromatis, Konstantinos Kyrpides, Nikos C. TI Microbial co-habitation and lateral gene transfer: what transposases can tell us SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; INSERTION SEQUENCES; GENOMES; WATER; HOST; TOOL; RECONSTRUCTION; EVOLUTION; PATHOGENS AB Background: Determining the habitat range for various microbes is not a simple, straightforward matter, as habitats interlace, microbes move between habitats, and microbial communities change over time. In this study, we explore an approach using the history of lateral gene transfer recorded in microbial genomes to begin to answer two key questions: where have you been and who have you been with? Results: All currently sequenced microbial genomes were surveyed to identify pairs of taxa that share a transposase that is likely to have been acquired through lateral gene transfer. A microbial interaction network including almost 800 organisms was then derived from these connections. Although the majority of the connections are between closely related organisms with the same or overlapping habitat assignments, numerous examples were found of cross-habitat and cross-phylum connections. Conclusions: We present a large-scale study of the distributions of transposases across phylogeny and habitat, and find a significant correlation between habitat and transposase connections. We observed cases where phylogenetic boundaries are traversed, especially when organisms share habitats; this suggests that the potential exists for genetic material to move laterally between diverse groups via bridging connections. The results presented here also suggest that the complex dynamics of microbial ecology may be traceable in the microbial genomes. C1 [Hooper, Sean D.; Mavromatis, Konstantinos; Kyrpides, Nikos C.] JGI, DOE, Genome Biol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hooper, SD (reprint author), JGI, DOE, Genome Biol Program, Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM SHooper@lbl.gov RI Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 FU University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-06NA25396. We thank Dongying Wu for helpful discussions and Merry Youle for constructive reading of the manuscript and input. NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 AR R45 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-4-r45 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 452MP UT WOS:000266544600017 PM 19393086 ER PT J AU MacArthur, S Li, XY Li, JY Brown, JB Chu, HC Zeng, L Grondona, BP Hechmer, A Simirenko, L Keranen, SVE Knowles, DW Stapleton, M Bickel, P Biggin, MD Eisen, MB AF MacArthur, Stewart Li, Xiao-Yong Li, Jingyi Brown, James B. Chu, Hou Cheng Zeng, Lucy Grondona, Brandi P. Hechmer, Aaron Simirenko, Lisa Keraenen, Soile V. E. Knowles, David W. Stapleton, Mark Bickel, Peter Biggin, Mark D. Eisen, Michael B. TI Developmental roles of 21 Drosophila transcription factors are determined by quantitative differences in binding to an overlapping set of thousands of genomic regions SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HOMEOPROTEIN-DNA-BINDING; SEGMENTATION GENE RUNT; CIS-REGULATORY MODULES; FUSHI-TARAZU PROTEIN; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; PAIR-RULE STRIPES; IN-VIVO; GERM LAYERS; FISH-HOOK; EXPRESSION AB Background: We previously established that six sequence-specific transcription factors that initiate anterior/posterior patterning in Drosophila bind to overlapping sets of thousands of genomic regions in blastoderm embryos. While regions bound at high levels include known and probable functional targets, more poorly bound regions are preferentially associated with housekeeping genes and/or genes not transcribed in the blastoderm, and are frequently found in protein coding sequences or in less conserved non-coding DNA, suggesting that many are likely non-functional. Results: Here we show that an additional 15 transcription factors that regulate other aspects of embryo patterning show a similar quantitative continuum of function and binding to thousands of genomic regions in vivo. Collectively, the 21 regulators show a surprisingly high overlap in the regions they bind given that they belong to 11 DNA binding domain families, specify distinct developmental fates, and can act via different cis-regulatory modules. We demonstrate, however, that quantitative differences in relative levels of binding to shared targets correlate with the known biological and transcriptional regulatory specificities of these factors. Conclusions: It is likely that the overlap in binding of biochemically and functionally unrelated transcription factors arises from the high concentrations of these proteins in nuclei, which, coupled with their broad DNA binding specificities, directs them to regions of open chromatin. We suggest that most animal transcription factors will be found to show a similar broad overlapping pattern of binding in vivo, with specificity achieved by modulating the amount, rather than the identity, of bound factor. C1 [MacArthur, Stewart; Li, Xiao-Yong; Chu, Hou Cheng; Zeng, Lucy; Grondona, Brandi P.; Hechmer, Aaron; Simirenko, Lisa; Keraenen, Soile V. E.; Stapleton, Mark; Biggin, Mark D.; Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Xiao-Yong; Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Jingyi; Brown, James B.; Bickel, Peter] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knowles, David W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Biggin, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Cyclotron Rd MS 84-181, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MDBiggin@lbl.gov; MBEisen@lbl.gov RI Li, Jingyi Jessica/K-2037-2012; Brown, James/H-2971-2015; OI Li, Jingyi Jessica/0000-0002-9288-5648; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM704403, HG002779]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is part of a broader collaboration by the BDTNP. We are grateful for the frequent advice, support, criticisms, and enthusiasm of its members. We thank Laurel Raftery, Eric Wieschaus, and Robert Tjian for their generous gifts of antisera. The in vivo binding data and computational analyses were funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grants GM704403 (to MDB and MBE). Additional computational and evolutionary analyses were funded by NIH grant HG002779 (to MBE). Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was conducted under Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 106 TC 195 Z9 198 U1 2 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 7 AR R80 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-7-r80 PG 26 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 487WV UT WOS:000269309600015 PM 19627575 ER PT J AU Silby, MW Cerdeno-Tarraga, AM Vernikos, GS Giddens, SR Jackson, RW Preston, GM Zhang, XX Moon, CD Gehrig, SM Godfrey, SAC Knight, CG Malone, JG Robinson, Z Spiers, AJ Harris, S Challis, GL Yaxley, AM Harris, D Seeger, K Murphy, L Rutter, S Squares, R Quail, MA Saunders, E Mavromatis, K Brettin, TS Bentley, SD Hothersall, J Stephens, E Thomas, CM Parkhill, J Levy, SB Rainey, PB Thomson, NR AF Silby, Mark W. Cerdeno-Tarraga, Ana M. Vernikos, Georgios S. Giddens, Stephen R. Jackson, Robert W. Preston, Gail M. Zhang, Xue-Xian Moon, Christina D. Gehrig, Stefanie M. Godfrey, Scott A. C. Knight, Christopher G. Malone, Jacob G. Robinson, Zena Spiers, Andrew J. Harris, Simon Challis, Gregory L. Yaxley, Alice M. Harris, David Seeger, Kathy Murphy, Lee Rutter, Simon Squares, Rob Quail, Michael A. Saunders, Elizabeth Mavromatis, Konstantinos Brettin, Thomas S. Bentley, Stephen D. Hothersall, Joanne Stephens, Elton Thomas, Christopher M. Parkhill, Julian Levy, Stuart B. Rainey, Paul B. Thomson, Nicholas R. TI Genomic and genetic analyses of diversity and plant interactions of Pseudomonas fluorescens SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; VIVO EXPRESSION TECHNOLOGY; SUGAR-BEET; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS; OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN; ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE; BACTERIAL GENOMES; IN-VITRO; SBW25 AB Background: Pseudomonas fluorescens are common soil bacteria that can improve plant health through nutrient cycling, pathogen antagonism and induction of plant defenses. The genome sequences of strains SBW25 and Pf0-1 were determined and compared to each other and with P. fluorescens Pf-5. A functional genomic in vivo expression technology (IVET) screen provided insight into genes used by P. fluorescens in its natural environment and an improved understanding of the ecological significance of diversity within this species. Results: Comparisons of three P. fluorescens genomes (SBW25, Pf0-1, Pf-5) revealed considerable divergence: 61% of genes are shared, the majority located near the replication origin. Phylogenetic and average amino acid identity analyses showed a low overall relationship. A functional screen of SBW25 defined 125 plant-induced genes including a range of functions specific to the plant environment. Orthologues of 83 of these exist in Pf0-1 and Pf-5, with 73 shared by both strains. The P. fluorescens genomes carry numerous complex repetitive DNA sequences, some resembling Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs). In SBW25, repeat density and distribution revealed 'repeat deserts' lacking repeats, covering approximately 40% of the genome. Conclusions: P. fluorescens genomes are highly diverse. Strain-specific regions around the replication terminus suggest genome compartmentalization. The genomic heterogeneity among the three strains is reminiscent of a species complex rather than a single species. That 42% of plant-inducible genes were not shared by all strains reinforces this conclusion and shows that ecological success requires specialized and core functions. The diversity also indicates the significant size of genetic information within the Pseudomonas pan genome. C1 [Cerdeno-Tarraga, Ana M.; Vernikos, Georgios S.; Harris, Simon; Harris, David; Seeger, Kathy; Murphy, Lee; Rutter, Simon; Squares, Rob; Quail, Michael A.; Bentley, Stephen D.; Parkhill, Julian; Thomson, Nicholas R.] Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. [Silby, Mark W.; Levy, Stuart B.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Adaptat Genet & Drug Resistance, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Silby, Mark W.; Levy, Stuart B.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Biol & Microbiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Giddens, Stephen R.; Jackson, Robert W.; Preston, Gail M.; Moon, Christina D.; Gehrig, Stefanie M.; Godfrey, Scott A. C.; Knight, Christopher G.; Malone, Jacob G.; Robinson, Zena; Spiers, Andrew J.] Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci, Oxford OX1 3RB, England. [Jackson, Robert W.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AJ, Berks, England. [Zhang, Xue-Xian; Rainey, Paul B.] Massey Univ, N Shore Mail Ctr, New Zealand Inst Adv Study, Auckland, New Zealand. [Challis, Gregory L.] Univ Warwick, Dept Chem, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Yaxley, Alice M.] Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Saunders, Elizabeth; Brettin, Thomas S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mavromatis, Konstantinos] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energys, Genome Biol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Hothersall, Joanne; Stephens, Elton; Thomas, Christopher M.] Univ Birmingham, Dept Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Rainey, Paul B.] Massey Univ Auckland, Allan Wilson Ctr Mol Ecol & Evolut, N Shore Mail Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Thomson, NR (reprint author), Wellcome Trust Sanger Inst, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England. EM nrt@sanger.ac.uk RI Rainey, Paul/A-3207-2008; Jackson, Robert/C-2973-2009; Preston, Gail/C-3072-2009; Parkhill, Julian/G-4703-2011; Malone, Jacob/G-8319-2011; Harris, Simon/K-1318-2013; Spiers, Andrew/I-3535-2012; Knight, Chris/B-2797-2009; OI Jackson, Robert/0000-0002-2042-4105; Parkhill, Julian/0000-0002-7069-5958; Harris, Simon/0000-0003-1512-6194; Spiers, Andrew/0000-0003-0463-8629; Knight, Chris/0000-0001-9815-4267; Cerdeno-Tarraga, Ana M./0000-0001-6635-3237; Murphy, Lee/0000-0001-6467-7449; Preston, Gail/0000-0003-3882-4438; Challis, Gregory/0000-0001-5976-3545; Moon, Christina/0000-0001-9692-9559 FU BBSRC [104/P16729, P15257]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; University of California; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; USDA [2006-35604-16673]; New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology FX We thank the core sequencing and informatics teams at the Sanger Institute for their assistance, The Wellcome Trust for its support of the Sanger Institute Pathogen Genomics and Pathogen Informatics groups, and Andrew Berry and Alex Bateman for their role in the repeat analysis. The P. fluorescens SBW25 work was carried out at The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute supported by a BBSRC grant ( number 104/P16729) to PBR and CMT. Pf0-1 genome sequencing was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program and by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-Eng-48, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC03-76SF00098 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENG-36. The P. fluorescens Pf0-1 work was supported by USDA grant 2006-35604-16673 to SBL. MWS was supported in part by a postdoctoral fellowship from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology. JH and ES were supported by BBSRC grant P15257 for studies on mupirocin biosynthesis in P. fluorescens NCIMB10586. NR 75 TC 165 Z9 852 U1 5 U2 105 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 5 AR R51 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-5-r51 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 465RJ UT WOS:000267604200010 PM 19432983 ER PT J AU Skerker, JM Lucks, JB Arkin, AP AF Skerker, Jeffrey M. Lucks, Julius B. Arkin, Adam P. TI Evolution, ecology and the engineered organism: lessons for synthetic biology SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-MOLECULES; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; IN-VITRO; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; PROTEIN FAMILIES; RECOMBINANT-DNA; BACTERIA; GENOME AB As the scope and complexity of synthetic biology grows, an understanding of evolution and ecology will be critical to its success. C1 [Skerker, Jeffrey M.; Lucks, Julius B.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Skerker, Jeffrey M.; Lucks, Julius B.; Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arkin, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aparkin@lbl.gov RI Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Lucks, Julius/L-2801-2016 OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 11 AR 114 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-11-114 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 540OT UT WOS:000273344600002 PM 19941672 ER PT J AU Vastrik, I D'Eustachio, P Schmidt, E Gopinath, G Croft, D de Bono, B Gillespie, M Jassal, B Lewis, S Matthews, L Wu, G Birney, E Stein, L AF Vastrik, Imre D'Eustachio, Peter Schmidt, Esther Gopinath, Gopal Croft, David de Bono, Bernard Gillespie, Marc Jassal, Bijay Lewis, Suzanna Matthews, Lisa Wu, Guanming Birney, Ewan Stein, Lincoln TI Reactome: a knowledge base of biologic pathways and processes (vol 8, pg 39, 2007) SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Vastrik, Imre; Schmidt, Esther; Croft, David; de Bono, Bernard; Jassal, Bijay; Birney, Ewan] European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. [D'Eustachio, Peter] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Gillespie, Marc] St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm & Allied Hlth Profess, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA. [Lewis, Suzanna] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [D'Eustachio, Peter; Gopinath, Gopal; Gillespie, Marc; Matthews, Lisa; Wu, Guanming; Stein, Lincoln] Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP Stein, L (reprint author), Ontario Inst Can Res, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada. EM lincoln.stein@gmail.com NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 AR 402 DI 10.1186/gb-2009-10-2-402 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 449QR UT WOS:000266345600009 ER PT J AU Donaher, N Tanifuji, G Onodera, NT Malfatti, SA Chain, PSG Hara, Y Archibald, JM AF Donaher, Natalie Tanifuji, Goro Onodera, Naoko T. Malfatti, Stephanie A. Chain, Patrick S. G. Hara, Yoshiaki Archibald, John M. TI The Complete Plastid Genome Sequence of the Secondarily Nonphotosynthetic Alga Cryptomonas paramecium: Reduction, Compaction, and Accelerated Evolutionary Rate SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cryptomonads; plastids; genome reduction; photosynthesis; secondary endosymbiosis ID COMPLETE GENE MAP; NUCLEOMORPH GENOME; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PROTOTHECA-WICKERHAMII; UNICELLULAR EUKARYOTES; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; CHLOROPLAST GENOMES; CRYPTOPHYTE ALGA; DNA-SEQUENCES AB The cryptomonads are a group of unicellular algae that acquired photosynthesis through the engulfment of a red algal cell, a process called secondary endosymbiosis. Here, we present the complete plastid genome sequence of the secondarily nonphotosynthetic species Cryptomonas paramecium CCAP977/2a. The similar to 78 kilobase pair (Kbp) C. paramecium genome contains 82 predicted protein genes, 29 transfer RNA genes, and a single pseudogene (atpF). The C. paramecium plastid genome is approximately 50 Kbp smaller than those of the photosynthetic cryptomonads Guillardia theta and Rhodomonas salina; 71 genes present in the G. theta and/or R. salina plastid genomes are missing in C. paramecium. The pet, psa, and psb photosynthetic gene families are almost entirely absent. Interestingly, the ribosomal RNA operon, present as inverted repeats in most plastid genomes (including G. theta and R. salina), exists as a single copy in C. paramecium. The G + C content (38%) is higher in C. paramecium than in other cryptomonad plastid genomes, and C. paramecium plastid genes are characterized by significantly different codon usage patterns and increased evolutionary rates. The content and structure of the C. paramecium plastid genome provides insight into the changes associated with recent loss of photosynthesis in a predominantly photosynthetic group of algae and reveals features shared with the plastid genomes of other secondarily nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes. C1 [Donaher, Natalie; Tanifuji, Goro; Onodera, Naoko T.; Archibald, John M.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Integrated Microbial Biodivers Program, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Malfatti, Stephanie A.; Chain, Patrick S. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. [Hara, Yoshiaki] Yamagata Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol, Yamagata 990, Japan. [Malfatti, Stephanie A.; Chain, Patrick S. G.] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Donaher, N (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Integrated Microbial Biodivers Program, Halifax, NS, Canada. EM john.archibald@dal.ca RI chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Tanifuji, Goro/O-9172-2015 FU Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation [ROP85016] FX We thank H. Khan for providing alignments of plastid proteins, R. Eveleigh and A. Roger for assistance with phylogenetic analysis, and M. Schnare for help with rRNA gene prediction. K. Hoef-Emden is also thanked for discussion of codon usage patterns in cryptomonad plastid genomes. J. M. A. acknowledges support from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program, as well as a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) New Investigator award. This work was supported by an operating grant from the CIHR Regional Partnership Program, together with the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (ROP85016). NR 56 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2009 VL 1 BP 439 EP 448 DI 10.1093/gbe/evp047 PG 10 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 565DK UT WOS:000275269200043 PM 20333213 ER PT J AU Croal, LR Jiao, Y Kappler, A Newman, DK AF Croal, L. R. Jiao, Y. Kappler, A. Newman, D. K. TI Phototrophic Fe(II) oxidation in an atmosphere of H-2: implications for Archean banded iron formations SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BILLION YEARS AGO; EARLY EARTH; BACTERIA; OCEAN; GEOCHEMISTRY; EVOLUTION; OPERON; TIE-1 AB The effect of hydrogen on the rate of phototrophic Fe(II) oxidation by two species of purple bacteria was measured at two different bicarbonate concentrations. Hydrogen slowed Fe(II) oxidation to varying degrees depending on the bicarbonate concentration, but even the slowest rate of Fe(II) oxidation remained on the same order of magnitude as that estimated to have been necessary to deposit the Hamersley banded iron formations. Given the hydrogen and bicarbonate concentrations inferred for the Archean, our data suggest that Fe(II) phototrophy could have been a viable process at this time. C1 [Croal, L. R.; Newman, D. K.] MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Newman, D. K.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Newman, D. K.] MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Jiao, Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biosci Div, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kappler, A.] Univ Tubingen, Ctr Appl Geosci, Tubingen, Germany. RP Newman, DK (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM dkn@mit.edu RI Kappler, Andreas/G-7221-2016 FU Packard Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NSF FX We thank the reviewers for constructive comments and the members of the Newman laboratory for helpful discussion. This work was supported by grants from the Packard Foundation and Howard Hughes Medical Institute to D.K.N. and an NSF graduate fellowship to L.R.C. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00185.x PG 4 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 404EN UT WOS:000263133700003 PM 19200143 ER PT J AU Li, YL Pfiffner, SM Dyar, MD Vali, H Konhauser, KO Cole, DR Rondinone, AJ Phelps, TJ AF Li, Y. -L. Pfiffner, S. M. Dyar, M. D. Vali, H. Konhauser, K. O. Cole, D. R. Rondinone, A. J. Phelps, T. J. TI Degeneration of biogenic superparamagnetic magnetite SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOMAIN MAGNETITE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; BACTERIAL MAGNETITE; MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA; IRON BIOMINERALIZATION; REDUCING BACTERIUM; PELAGIC SEDIMENTS; METAL REDUCTION; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB Magnetite crystals precipitated as a consequence of Fe(III) reduction by Shewanella algae BrY after 265 h incubation and 5-year anaerobic storage were investigated with transmission electron microscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The magnetite crystals were typically superparamagnetic with an approximate size of 13 nm. The lattice constants of the 265 h and 5-year crystals are 8.4164 angstrom and 8.3774 angstrom, respectively. The Mossbauer spectra indicated that the 265 h magnetite had excess Fe(II) in its crystal-chemistry (Fe(1.990)(3+)Fe(1.015)(2+)O(4)) but the 5-year magnetite was Fe(II)-deficient in stoichiometry (Fe(2.388)(3+)Fe(0.419)(2+)O(4)). Such crystal-chemical changes may be indicative of the degeneration of superparamagnetic magnetite through the aqueous oxidization of Fe(II) anaerobically, and the concomitant oxidation of the organic phases (fatty acid methyl esters) that were present during the initial formation of the magnetite. The observation of a corona structure on the aged magnetite corroborates the anaerobic oxidation of Fe(II) on the outer layers of magnetite crystals. These results suggest that there may be a possible link between the enzymatic activity of the bacteria and the stability of Fe(II)-excess magnetite, which may help explain why stable nano-magnetite grains are seldom preserved in natural environments. C1 [Li, Y. -L.] Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Li, Y. -L.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Pfiffner, S. M.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. [Dyar, M. D.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Astron, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Vali, H.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Canada. [Konhauser, K. O.] Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. [Cole, D. R.; Rondinone, A. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Phelps, T. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Dept Earth Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM yiliang@hku.hk RI Li, Yiliang/E-9916-2010; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; Konhauser, Kurt/0000-0001-7722-7068 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute; NASA [NNG04GG12G]; Institute for Rock Magnetism; Keck Foundation; NSF; University of Minnesota; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Energy Biosciences of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by NASA Astrobiology Institute grant to the Indiana-Princeton-Tennessee Astrobiology Initiative led by L.M. Pratt. Mossbauer spectroscopy at Mount Holyoke College was supported by NASA grant NNG04GG12G. Mossbauer spectroscopy at University of Minnesota was supported by the Institute for Rock Magnetism which is founded by the Keck Foundation, NSF, and the University of Minnesota. DRC was funded by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Energy Biosciences of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. The manuscript was improved by the insightful comments from Dr Robert Kopp and an anonymous reviewer, and subject editor Lee Kump. NR 66 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00186.x PG 10 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 404EN UT WOS:000263133700004 PM 19200144 ER PT B AU Shekhar, S Vatsavai, RR Chawla, S AF Shekhar, Shashi Vatsavai, Ranga Raju Chawla, Sanjay BE Miller, HJ Han, J TI Spatial Classification and Prediction Models for Geospatial Data Mining SO GEOGRAPHIC DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, SECOND EDITION SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MARKOV RANDOM-FIELDS; CONTEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; IMAGES; EM C1 [Shekhar, Shashi] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Vatsavai, Ranga Raju] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Chawla, Sanjay] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Shekhar, S (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7397-3 J9 CH CRC DATA MIN KNOW PY 2009 BP 117 EP + D2 10.1201/9781420073980 PG 32 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geography, Physical SC Computer Science; Physical Geography GA BKC22 UT WOS:000267735500006 ER PT J AU Beazley, MJ Martinez, RJ Sobecky, PA Webb, SM Taillefert, M AF Beazley, Melanie J. Martinez, Robert J. Sobecky, Patricia A. Webb, Samuel M. Taillefert, Martial TI Nonreductive Biomineralization of Uranium(VI) Phosphate Via Microbial Phosphatase Activity in Anaerobic Conditions SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biomineralization; bioremediation; microbial phosphatase; uranium (VI) ID CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE SOILS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; METAL-REDUCING BACTERIUM; IN-SITU BIOREDUCTION; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SHEWANELLA-PUTREFACIENS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; U(IV) OXIDATION; REDUCTION; NITRATE AB The remediation of uranium from soils and groundwater at Department of Energy (DOE) sites across the United States represents a major environmental issue, and bioremediation has exhibited great potential as a strategy to immobilize U in the subsurface. The bioreduction of U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) uraninite has been proposed to be an effective bioremediation process in anaerobic conditions. However, high concentrations of nitrate and low pH found in some contaminated areas have been shown to limit the efficiency of microbial reduction of uranium. In the present study, nonreductive uranium biomineralization promoted by microbial phosphatase activity was investigated in anaerobic conditions in the presence of high nitrate and low pH as an alternative approach to the bioreduction of U(VI). A facultative anaerobe, Rahnella sp. Y9602, isolated from soils at DOE's Oak Ridge Field Research Center (ORFRC), was able to respire anaerobically on nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor in the presence of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) as the sole carbon and phosphorus source and hydrolyzed sufficient phosphate to precipitate 95% total uranium after 120 hours in synthetic groundwater at pH 5.5. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy identified the mineral formed as chernikovite, a U(VI) autunite-type mineral. The results of this study suggest that in contaminated subsurfaces, such as at the ORFRC, where high concentrations of nitrate and low pH may limit uranium bioreduction, the biomineralization of U(VI) phosphate minerals may be a more attractive approach for in situ remediation providing that a source of organophosphate is supplied for bioremediation. C1 [Beazley, Melanie J.; Taillefert, Martial] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Martinez, Robert J.; Sobecky, Patricia A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Webb, Samuel M.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Taillefert, M (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM mtaillef@eas.gatech.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009; OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464; Beazley, Melanie/0000-0001-9973-7798 FU Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63906]; Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health; National Center for Research Resources FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U. S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER63906. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. We thank Hong Yi at the Emory School of Medicine Electron Microscopy Core for transmission electron microscopy sample preparation and imaging and Dr. Joan S. Hudson at the Clemson University ElectronMicroscope Facility for variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy imaging, transmission electron microscopy imaging, and EDX analyses. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments to improve the manuscript. NR 72 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 7 BP 431 EP 441 AR PII 915036896 DI 10.1080/01490450903060780 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 495FR UT WOS:000269876500001 ER PT J AU Eisner, L Fischer, T Rutledge, JT AF Eisner, Leo Fischer, Tomas Rutledge, James T. TI Determination of S-wave slowness from a linear array of borehole receivers SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Downhole methods; Controlled source seismology; Body waves; Wave propagation ID MICROEARTHQUAKES; FIELD AB Locations of seismic events from a linear array of receivers may require determination of slowness vectors of arriving waves. In an isotropic medium, P waves are polarized along the slowness vector, which enables direct determination of backazimuth (i.e. azimuth to a source from a receiver) from P-wave polarization. In contrast, S waves usually have much larger signal-to-noise ratio than P waves, but are polarized in a plane perpendicular to their slowness vectors, which prevents direct determination of their backazimuth. We have developed a novel technique to determine the slowness vector of S waves detected in a linear array of receivers in an isotropic medium. We combine the S-wave polarization measurement with the derivative of the S-wave travel times along the array to obtain the full slowness vector and backazimuth. The proposed method allows one to determine direction to sources of seismic events from a single linear array of receivers, using only S waves. This technique is not affected by SV waves, which is shown by a test on a synthetic data set. We also test the method on two real microseismic data sets from hydraulic fracturing treatments and show that it outperforms the backazimuth determination from P waves and from horizontal polarization of S waves. C1 [Eisner, Leo] Schlumberger Cambridge Res Ltd, Cambridge CB3 0HG, England. [Fischer, Tomas] Acad Sci, Inst Geophys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Fischer, Tomas] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Sci, Prague, Czech Republic. [Rutledge, James T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Eisner, L (reprint author), Microseismic Inc, Houston, TX USA. EM leisner@microseismic.com RI Eisner, Leo/G-6456-2014; Fischer, Tomas/H-6411-2014 OI Fischer, Tomas/0000-0002-5169-2567 FU European Union [MTKI-CT-2004-517242] FX We would like to thank our colleagues, who were involved in the IMAGES Transfer of Knowledge project, for many fruitful discussions leading to design of thismethod. Our gratitude goes to Stefan Buske, Joel le Calvez, Vaclav Vavrycuk, Ludek Klimes, Serge Shapiro and Dan Raymer. We thank Dominion Exploration Company for releasing the data set used in this study. We would also like to thank the European Union for funding the IMAGES Transfer of Knowledge project (MTKI-CT-2004-517242). NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 176 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03939.x PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 386KZ UT WOS:000261883400004 ER PT J AU Chen, J Dickens, TA AF Chen, Jinsong Dickens, Thomas A. TI Effects of uncertainty in rock-physics models on reservoir parameter estimation using seismic amplitude variation with angle and controlled-source electromagnetics data SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article ID CSEM DATA; MARKOV-CHAINS; INVERSION; AVA; POROSITY; VELOCITY; GAMMA; LOG AB This paper investigates the effects of uncertainty in rock-physics models on reservoir parameter estimation using seismic amplitude variation with angle and controlled-source electromagnetics data. The reservoir parameters are related to electrical resistivity by the Poupon model and to elastic moduli and density by the Xu-White model. To handle uncertainty in the rock-physics models, we consider their outputs to be random functions with modes or means given by the predictions of those rock-physics models and we consider the parameters of the rock-physics models to be random variables defined by specified probability distributions. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling methods, we are able to obtain estimates of reservoir parameters and information on the uncertainty in the estimation. The developed method is applied to a synthetic case study based on a layered reservoir model and the results show that uncertainty in both rock-physics models and in their parameters may have significant effects on reservoir parameter estimation. When the biases in rock-physics models and in their associated parameters are unknown, conventional joint inversion approaches, which consider rock-physics models as deterministic functions and the model parameters as fixed values, may produce misleading results. The developed stochastic method in this study provides an integrated approach for quantifying how uncertainty and biases in rock-physics models and in their associated parameters affect the estimates of reservoir parameters and therefore is a more robust method for reservoir parameter estimation. C1 [Chen, Jinsong] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dickens, Thomas A.] ExxonMobil Upstream Res Co, Houston, TX 77252 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Geophys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jchen@lbl.gov RI Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009 FU ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company FX This work was funded by ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company. We thank Shiyu Xu for providing his rock-physics model codes and for advice on selecting parameters for our synthetic models. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2008.00721.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 380DY UT WOS:000261447600005 ER PT J AU Gasperikova, E Smith, JT Morrison, HF Becker, A Kappler, K AF Gasperikova, Erika Smith, J. Torquil Morrison, H. Frank Becker, Alex Kappler, Karl TI UXO detection and identification based on intrinsic target polarizabilities - A case history SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUIVALENT DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES AB Electromagnetic induction data parameterized in time-dependent object intrinsic polarizabilities can discriminate unexploded ordnance (UXO) from false targets (scrap metal). Data from a cart-mounted system designed to discriminate UXO of 20-155 mm in diameter are used. Discriminating UXO from irregular scrap metal is based on the principal dipole polarizabilities of a target. Nearly intact UXO displays a single major polarizability coincident with the long axis of the object and two equal, smaller transverse polarizabilities, whereas metal scraps have distinct polarizability signatures that rarely mimic those of elongated symmetric bodies. Based on a training data set of known targets, objects were identified by estimating the probability that an object is a single UXO. Our test survey took place on a military base where 4.2-inch mortar shells and scrap metal were present. We detected and correctly discriminated all 4.2-inch mortars, and in that process we added 7% and 17%, respectively, of dry holes (digging scrap) to the total number of excavations in two different survey modes. We also demonstrated a mode of operation that might be more cost effective than current practice. C1 [Gasperikova, Erika; Smith, J. Torquil; Morrison, H. Frank; Becker, Alex; Kappler, Karl] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gasperikova, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM egasperikova@lbl.gov; jtsmith@lbl.gov; hfmorrison@lbl.gov; alexb@socrates.berkeley.edu; kkappler@lbl.gov RI Gasperikova, Erika/D-1117-2015 OI Gasperikova, Erika/0000-0003-1553-4569 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 74 IS 1 BP B1 EP B8 DI 10.1190/1.2997419 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 423UT UT WOS:000264521900003 ER PT J AU Koller, J Reeves, GD Friedel, RHW AF Koller, J. Reeves, G. D. Friedel, R. H. W. TI LANL*V1.0: a radiation belt drift shell model suitable for real-time and reanalysis applications SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; NEURAL NETWORKS; MAGNETOSPHERE AB We describe here a new method for calculating the magnetic drift invariant, L*, that is used for modeling radiation belt dynamics and for other space weather applications. L* (pronounced L-star) is directly proportional to the integral of the magnetic flux contained within the surface defined by a charged particle moving in the Earth's geomagnetic field. Under adiabatic changes to the geomagnetic field L* is a conserved quantity, while under quasi-adiabatic fluctuations diffusion (with respect to a particle's L*) is the primary term in equations of particle dynamics. In particular the equations of motion for the very energetic particles that populate the Earth's radiation belts are most commonly expressed by diffusion in three dimensions: L*, energy (or momentum), and pitch angle (the dot product of velocity and the magnetic field vector). Expressing dynamics in these coordinates reduces the dimensionality of the problem by referencing the particle distribution functions to values at the magnetic equatorial point of a magnetic 'drift shell' (or L-shell) irrespective of local time (or longitude). While the use of L* aids in simplifying the equations of motion, practical applications such as space weather forecasting using realistic geomagnetic fields require sophisticated magnetic field models that, in turn, require computationally intensive numerical integration. Typically a single L* calculation can require on the order of 10(5) calls to a magnetic field model and each point in the simulation domain and each calculated pitch angle has a different value of L*. We describe here the development and validation of a neural network surrogate model for calculating L* in sophisticated geomagnetic field models with a high degree of fidelity at computational speeds that are millions of times faster than direct numerical field line mapping and integration. This new surrogate model has applications to real-time radiation belt forecasting, analysis of data sets involving tens of satellite-years of observations, and other problems in space weather. C1 [Koller, J.; Reeves, G. D.; Friedel, R. H. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koller, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkoller@lanl.gov RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012; Koller, Josef/C-5591-2009; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281; Koller, Josef/0000-0002-6770-4980; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; National Science Foundation [0718710] FX This work has been supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory's LDRD Directed Research Program (DREAM) and the National Science Foundation (grant 0718710). NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA V15EG UT WOS:000207784700004 ER PT S AU Bhaduri, B Shankar, M Sorokine, A Ganguly, A AF Bhaduri, Budhendra Shankar, Mallikarjun Sorokine, Alexandre Ganguly, Auroop BE DeAmicis, R Stojanovic, R Conti, G TI SPATIO-TEMPORAL VISUALIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION SUPPORT SO GEOSPATIAL VISUAL ANALYTICS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Geographical Information Processing and Visual Analytics for Enviroonmental Security CY OCT 13-17, 2008 CL Trento, ITALY SP NATO DE Spatio-Temporal Data; Visualization; GIS; Environment; Decision Support AB Traditional Visualization of Earth surface features has been addressed through Visual exploration, analysis, synthesis, and presentation of observable geospatial data. However, characterizing the changes in their observable and unobservable properties of geospatial features is critical for planning and policy formulation. Recent approaches are addressing modelling and Visualization of the temporal dynamics that describe observed and/or predicted physical and socioeconomic processes using vast volumes of Earth Observation (imagery and other geophysical) data from remote sensor networks. This chapter provides an overview of selected geospatial modelling and simulation, exploratory analysis of Earth Observation data, and high performance Visualization research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for developing novel data driven approaches for geospatial knowledge discovery and visualization relevant to environmental decision support. C1 [Bhaduri, Budhendra; Shankar, Mallikarjun; Sorokine, Alexandre; Ganguly, Auroop] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhaduri, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6017, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bhadurib1@ornl.gov RI Sorokine, Alexandre/G-5746-2013; Shankar, Mallikarjun/N-4400-2015 OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-2897-6 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2009 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2899-0_26 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BLL41 UT WOS:000270446500026 ER PT J AU Franklin, O McMurtrie, RE Iversen, CM Crous, KY Finzi, AC Tissue, DT Ellsworth, DS Oren, R Norby, RJ AF Franklin, Oskar McMurtrie, Ross E. Iversen, Colleen M. Crous, Kristine Y. Finzi, Adrien C. Tissue, David T. Ellsworth, David S. Oren, Ram Norby, Richard J. TI Forest fine-root production and nitrogen use under elevated CO2: contrasting responses in evergreen and deciduous trees explained by a common principle SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allocation; elevated carbon dioxide; FACE experiments; fine-root longevity; forest growth model; optimization; plant theory; soil N availability; soil N uptake ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; WARM-TEMPERATE FOREST; LONG-TERM RESPONSE; USE EFFICIENCY; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SWEETGUM PLANTATION; ENRICHMENT FACE; PINUS-TAEDA; CANOPY; LIMITATION AB Despite the importance of nitrogen (N) limitation of forest carbon (C) sequestration at rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. To elucidate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 (eCO(2)) and soil N availability on forest productivity and C allocation, we hypothesized that (1) trees maximize fitness by allocating N and C to maximize their net growth and (2) that N uptake is controlled by soil N availability and root exploration for soil N. We tested this model using data collected in Free-Air CO2 Enrichment sites dominated by evergreen (Pinus taeda; Duke Forest) and deciduous [Liquidambar styraciflua; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)] trees. The model explained 80-95% of variation in productivity and N-uptake data among eCO(2), N fertilization and control treatments over 6 years. The model explains why fine-root production increased, and why N uptake increased despite reduced soil N availability under eCO(2) at ORNL and Duke. In agreement with observations at other sites, the model predicts that soil N availability reduced below a critical level diminishes all eCO(2) responses. At Duke, a negative feedback between reduced soil N availability and N uptake prevented progressive reduction in soil N availability at eCO(2). At ORNL, soil N availability progressively decreased because it did not trigger reductions in N uptake; N uptake was maintained at ORNL through a large increase in the production of fast turnover fine roots. This implies that species with fast root turnover could be more prone to progressive N limitation of carbon sequestration in woody biomass than species with slow root turnover, such as evergreens. However, longer term data are necessary for a thorough evaluation of this hypothesis. The success of the model suggests that the principle of maximization of net growth to control growth and allocation could serve as a basis for simplification and generalization of larger scale forest and ecosystem models, for example by removing the need to specify parameters for relative foliage/stem/root allocation. C1 [Franklin, Oskar] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Franklin, Oskar; McMurtrie, Ross E.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Iversen, Colleen M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Crous, Kristine Y.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Finzi, Adrien C.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tissue, David T.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Tissue, David T.; Ellsworth, David S.] Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Plant & Food Sci, Penrith, NSW 1797, Australia. [Oren, Ram] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Franklin, O (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. EM franklin@iiasa.ac.at RI Tissue, David/H-6596-2015; Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Iversen, Colleen/B-8983-2012; Finzi, Adrien/A-7017-2016; OI Tissue, David/0000-0002-8497-2047; Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; Finzi, Adrien/0000-0003-2220-4533; Crous, Kristine/0000-0001-9478-7593; Ellsworth, David/0000-0002-9699-2272 FU Australian Research Council; Australian Greenhouse Office; US Department of Energy Office of Science; Biological and Environmental Research Program; TERACC (NSF) [0090238] FX Franklin and McMurtrie acknowledge grant support from the Australian Research Council and the Australian Greenhouse Office. The Duke and Oak Ridge FACE experiments were supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program. We are grateful for the support provided by TERACC (NSF Grant no. 0090238). NR 61 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 5 U2 71 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 132 EP 144 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01710.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 393CD UT WOS:000262347600010 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction Executive Summary SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200002 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction Overview SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 5 EP 16 PG 12 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200003 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction Preface SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200001 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction Introduction SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200004 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI The Evolution of Cooperative Threat Reduction SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 21 EP 37 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200005 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI Cooperative Threat Reduction in the 21st Century: Objectives, Opportunities, and Lessons SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 39 EP 67 PG 29 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200006 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI The Form and Function of Cooperative Threat Reduction 2.0: Engaging Partners to Enhance Global Security SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 69 EP 97 PG 29 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200007 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI The Role of the Department of Defense in Cooperative Threat Reduction 2.0 SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 99 EP 115 PG 17 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200008 ER PT J AU Lehman, RF Franz, DR AF Lehman, Ronald F. Franz, David R. GP Natl Acad Sci TI Cooperative Threat Reduction 2.0: Implementation Checklist SO GLOBAL SECURITY ENGAGEMENT: A NEW MODEL FOR COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lehman, Ronald F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Franz, David R.] Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Lehman, RF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13106-3 PY 2009 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC International Relations; Political Science SC International Relations; Government & Law GA BC4ID UT WOS:000352541200009 ER PT S AU Liu, Q Frangieh, T Xu, F Xie, C Ghani, N Gumaste, A Lehman, T Guok, C Klasky, S AF Liu, Q. Frangieh, T. Xu, F. Xie, C. Ghani, N. Gumaste, A. Lehman, T. Guok, Chin Klasky, S. BE Ulema, M TI Distributed Grooming in Multi-Domain IP/MPLS-DWDM Networks SO GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 09) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE DE Multi-domain grooming; multi-domain IP-DWDM; inter-domain routing ID OPTICAL NETWORKS AB This paper studies distributed multi-domain, multilayer provisioning (grooming) in IP/MPLS-DWDM networks. Although many multi-domain studies have emerged over the years, these have primarily considered "homogeneous" network layers. Meanwhile, most grooming studies have assumed idealized settings with "global" link state across all layers. Hence there is a critical need to develop practical distributed grooming schemes for real-world networks consisting of multiple domains and technology layers. Along these lines, a detailed hierarchical framework is proposed to implement inter-layer routing, distributed grooming, and setup signaling. The performance of this solution is analyzed using simulation studies and future directions high-lighted. C1 [Liu, Q.; Klasky, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-4147-1 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2009 BP 6384 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BQB54 UT WOS:000280579102234 ER PT B AU Gregg, MD Drinkwater, MJ Evstigneeva, K Karick, A AF Gregg, Michael D. Drinkwater, Michael J. Evstigneeva, Katya Karick, Arna BE Richtler, T Larsen, S TI The Stellar Population of Ultra-Compact Dwarf Galaxies SO GLOBULAR CLUSTERS - GUIDES TO GALAXIES SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Globular Clusters CY MAR 06-10, 2006 CL Concepcion, CHILE SP FONDAP Ctr Astrophys, European So Observ, Cerro tololo Inter Amer Observ, Univ Concepc, Fac Ciencias Fis & Math ID VIRGO-CLUSTER C1 [Gregg, Michael D.; Karick, Arna] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gregg, Michael D.; Karick, Arna] LLNL, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Drinkwater, Michael J.; Evstigneeva, Katya] Univ Queensland, Dept Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Gregg, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gregg@igpp.ucllnl.org; m.drinkwater@physics.uq.edu.au; katya@physics.uq.edu.au; akarick@igpp.ucllnl.org RI Drinkwater, Michael/A-2201-2008 OI Drinkwater, Michael/0000-0003-4867-0022 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-76960-6 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2009 BP 69 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-76961-3_17 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIY16 UT WOS:000263678400017 ER PT J AU Phan, L Brown, H White, J Hodgson, A Jessop, PG Peterson, T AF Phan, Lam Brown, Heather White, James Hodgson, Allan Jessop, Philip G. Peterson, Thomas TI Soybean oil extraction and separation using switchable or expanded solvents (vol 11, pg 53, 2009) SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 [Peterson, Thomas] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 12 BP 2061 EP 2061 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 527QS UT WOS:000272382200023 ER PT S AU Braitsch, J Gale, J Herzog, H AF Braitsch, Jay Gale, John Herzog, Howard BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Untitled SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC C1 [Braitsch, Jay] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Braitsch, J (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.002 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074400001 ER PT S AU Zhang, YQ Oldenburg, CM Finsterle, S Jordan, P Zhang, KN AF Zhang, Yingqi Oldenburg, Curtis M. Finsterle, Stefan Jordan, Preston Zhang, Keni BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Probability Estimation of CO(2) Leakage Through Faults at Geologic Carbon Sequestration Sites SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Leakage risk; Connectivity of faults and fractures; Probabilitly estimation AB Leakage of CO(2) and brine along faults at geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites is a primary concern for storage integrity. The focus of this study is on the estimation of the probability of leakage along faults or fractures. This leakage probability is controlled by the probability of a connected network of conduits existing at a given site, the probability of this network encountering the CO(2) plume, and the probability of this network intersecting environmental resources that may be impacted by leakage. This work is designed to fit into a risk assessment and certification framework that uses compartments to represent vulnerable resources such as potable groundwater, health and safety, and the near-surface environment. The method we propose includes using percolation theory to estimate the connectivity of the faults, and generating fuzzy rules from discrete fracture network simulations to estimate leakage probability. By this approach, the probability of CO(2) escaping into a compartment for a given system can be inferred from the fuzzy rules. The proposed method provides a quick way of estimating the probability of CO(2) or brine leaking into a compartment. In addition, it provides the uncertainty range of the estimated probability. (C) 2009 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yingqi; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Finsterle, Stefan; Jordan, Preston; Zhang, Keni] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yqzhang@lbl.gov RI Jordan, Preston/L-1587-2016; Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Jordan, Preston/0000-0001-5853-9517; Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.008 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074400007 ER PT S AU Oldenburg, CM Nicot, JP Bryant, SL AF Oldenburg, Curtis M. Nicot, Jean-Philippe Bryant, Steven L. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Case studies of the application of the Certification Framework to two geologic carbon sequestration sites SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Geologic carbon sequestration; Risk assessment; Leakage risk; Well leakage; Case studies ID STORAGE; SEEPAGE; CO2 AB We have developed a certification framework (CF) for certifying that the risks of geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites are below agreed-upon thresholds. The CF is based on effective trapping of CO(2), the proposed concept that takes into account both the probability and impact of CO(2) leakage. The CF uses probability estimates of the intersection of conductive faults and wells with the CO(2) plume along with modeled fluxes or concentrations of CO(2) as proxies for impacts to compartments (such as potable groundwater) to calculate CO(2) leakage risk. In order to test and refine the approach, we applied the CF to (1) a hypothetical large-scale GCS project in the Texas Gulf Coast, and (2) WESTCARB's Phase III GCS pilot in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California. (C) 2009 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oldenburg, Curtis M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oldenburg, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nicot, Jean-Philippe/A-3954-2009 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.011 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074400010 ER PT S AU Pan, LH Oldenburg, CM Wu, YS Pruess, K AF Pan, Lehua Oldenburg, Curtis M. Wu, Yu-Shu Pruess, Karsten BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Wellbore flow model for carbon dioxide and brine SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Geologic carbon sequestration; Well leakage; Wellbore flow; Risk assessment ID STORAGE AB Wellbores have been identified as the most likely conduit for CO(2) and brine leakage from geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) sites, especially those in sedimentary basins with historical hydrocarbon production. In order to quantify the impacts of leakage of CO(2) and brine through wellbores, we have developed a wellbore simulator capable of describing non-isothermal open-well flow dynamics of CO(2)-brine mixtures. The mass and thermal energy balance equations are solved numerically by a finite difference scheme with wellbore heat transmission handled semi-analytically. This new wellbore simulator can take as input the pressure, saturation, and composition conditions from reservoir simulators and calculate CO(2) and brine fluxes needed to assess impacts to vulnerable resources. This new capability is being incorporated into the Certification Framework (CF) developed for risk assessment of GCS sites. (C) 2009 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pan, Lehua; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Pruess, Karsten] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pan, LH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011; Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 NR 9 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.012 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074400011 ER PT S AU Marano, JJ Ciferino, JP AF Marano, John J. Ciferino, Jared P. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Integration of Gas Separation Membranes with IGCC Identifying the right membrane for the right job SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Gas Separation Membranes; IGCC; CO(2) Capture; Sequestration AB A core mission of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Carbon Sequestration Program is to foster the development of commercially-ready technologies for CO(2) capture and sequestration. An R&D program goal of 90% carbon capture, at an increase in the cost of electricity (COE) no greater than 10% above current state-of-the-art designs without capture, has been established for electric power generation from next-generation Integrated-Gasification Combined-Cycle (IGCC) plants. Advanced gas separation membranes for separating H(2) from CO(2) are one possible technology for achieving these goals. For IGCC CO(2)-capture applications, membranes will need to out-perform existing chemical and physical absorption processes. Gas separation membranes, however, can be integrated into a number of different locations in the IGCC process in addition to post water-gas-shift (WGS), the preferred location for current absorption technologies. Due to the many integration options possible, membranes could potentially be required to operate over a wide range of conditions. It is preferred that the membrane operate at pressures and temperatures normally encountered at that point in the IGCC flowsheet where it is being placed. And, clearly it is beneficial that the membrane be placed in a location with relatively high pressure in order to maximize separation. If this is possible, the feed and product gases need not be compressed/expanded or heated/cooled. In addition, membrane materials being considered, whether ceramic, metallic or polymeric, have physical and chemical limitations in regards to operating temperature and tolerance to various compounds that might be present in synthesis gas. It is therefore unlikely that one type of membrane will be able to perform over the entire range of conditions possible. In this paper, we identify preferred membrane locations and quantify performance requirements for a wide range of membrane materials currently under consideration for H(2)/CO(2) separation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Marano, John J.; Ciferino, Jared P.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Ciferino, JP (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM ciferno@netl.doe.gov NR 0 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 361 EP 368 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.049 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074400048 ER PT S AU Ochs, T Oryshchyn, D Woodside, R Summers, C Patrick, B Gross, D Schoenfield, M Weber, T O'Brien, D AF Ochs, Thomas Oryshchyn, Danylo Woodside, Rigel Summers, Cathy Patrick, Brian Gross, Dietrich Schoenfield, Mark Weber, Thomas O'Brien, Dan BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Results of initial operation of the Jupiter Oxygen Corporation oxy-fuel 15 MWth burner test facility SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE high flame temperature oxy-fuel combustion; untempered oxy-fuel flame; heat transfer in oxy-combustion; CO(2) capture with energy recovery; Integrated Pollutant Removal (IPR) AB Jupiter Oxygen Corporation (JOC), in cooperation with the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), constructed a 15 MWth oxy-fuel burner test facility with Integrated Pollutant Removal (IPRTM) to test high flame temperature oxy-fuel combustion and advanced carbon capture. Combustion protocols include baseline air firing with natural gas, oxygen and natural gas firing with and without flue gas recirculation, and oxygen and pulverized coal firing with flue gas recirculation. Testing focuses on characterizing burner performance, determining heat transfer characteristics, optimizing CO(2) capture, and maximizing heat recovery, with an emphasis on data traceability to address retrofit of existing boilers by directly transforming burner systems to oxy-fuel firing. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved reserved. C1 [Ochs, Thomas; Oryshchyn, Danylo; Woodside, Rigel; Summers, Cathy] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Ochs, T (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. EM Thomas.Ochs@netl.doe.gov; B_patrick@jupiteroxygen.com NR 11 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.068 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074400067 ER PT S AU Heldebrant, DJ Yonker, CR Jessop, PG Phan, L AF Heldebrant, David J. Yonker, Clement R. Jessop, Philip G. Phan, Lam BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI CO(2)-binding organic liquids (CO(2)BOLs) for post-combustion CO(2) capture. SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE CO(2) capture; ionic liquid; organic; alkylcarbonate; amidine; guanidine ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC BASICITY SCALE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-PHASE; ACETONITRILE; SOLVENTS; ABSORPTION; EXTENSION; AMIDINE; BASES AB CO(2)-binding organic liquids (CO(2)BOLs) chemically bind and release CO(2) more efficiently than aqueous alkanolamine systems. CO(2)BOLs are comprised of alcohols and organic amidine or guanidine bases, which chemically bind CO(2) as liquid amidinium or guanidinium alkylcarbonate salts. CO(2)BOLs have high CO(2) binding capacities (19% by weight, 147 g CO(2)/L) compared to that of 30% monoethanolamine solution in water (7% by weight, 108 g CO(2)/L) because they are liquid with or without bound CO(2) and do not require any added solvent such as water. The dissolution of CO(2) into and out of the liquid phase limits the rate of CO(2) capture and release. Absorption of CO(2) is selective over nitrogen in both concentrated and dilute gas streams making these systems applicable to post- and pre-combustion CO(2) capture. The free energy of CO(2) binding in these systems is small and is independent of the choice of alcohol. The free energies of these systems are dependent on the choice of base; -9 kJ/mol for diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and Barton's base and +2 kJ/mol for 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine. The specific heats of the organic CO(2)BOLs are over 50% lower than that of water, resulting in a 50% reduction in the energy needed to strip out CO(2) as compared to aqueous alkanolamine solutions. CO(2)BOLs have been recycled for five cycles without losing activity or selectivity towards CO(2). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Heldebrant, David J.; Yonker, Clement R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heldebrant, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.heldebrant@pnl.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1187 EP 1195 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.156 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401034 ER PT S AU Dooley, JJ Dahowski, RT Davidson, CL AF Dooley, J. J. Dahowski, R. T. Davidson, C. L. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Comparing Existing Pipeline Networks with the Potential Scale of Future US CO(2) Pipeline Networks SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE carbon dioxide capture and storage; pipelines; carbon management; climate change AB Interest is growing regarding the potential size of a future U.S.-dedicated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pipeline infrastructure if carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies are commercially deployed on a large scale within the United States. This paper assesses the potential scale of the CO(2) pipeline system needed under two hypothetical climate policies (WRE450 and WRE550 stabilization scenarios); a comparison is then made to the extant U. S. pipeline infrastructures used to deliver CO(2) for enhanced oil recovery and to move natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons from areas of production and importation to markets. The analysis reveals that between 11,000 and 23,000 additional miles of dedicated CO(2) pipeline might be needed in the United States before 2050 across these two cases. While either case represents a significant increase over the 3900 miles that comprise the existing national CO(2) pipeline infrastructure, it is important to realize that the demand for additional CO(2) pipeline capacity will unfold relatively slowly and in a geographically dispersed manner as new dedicated CCS-enabled power plants and industrial facilities are brought online. During the period 2010-2030, this analysis indicates growth in the CO(2) pipeline system on the order of a few hundred to less than 1000 miles per year. By comparison, during the period 1950-2000, the U.S. natural gas pipeline distribution system grew at rates that far exceed these growth projections for a future CO(2) pipeline network in the U.S. This analysis indicates that the need to increase the size of the existing dedicated CO(2) pipeline system should not be seen as a major obstacle for the commercial deployment of CCS technologies in the United States. While there could be issues associated with siting specific segments of a larger national CO(2) pipeline infrastructure, the sheer scale of the required infrastructure should not be seen as representing a significant impediment to U.S. deployment of CCS technologies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dooley, J. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jj.dooley@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1595 EP 1602 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.209 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401087 ER PT S AU Middleton, RS Bielicki, JM AF Middleton, Richard S. Bielicki, Jeffrey M. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI A comprehensive carbon capture and storage infrastructure model SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Type your keywords here; separated by semicolons AB In this paper we present a spatial optimization model that comprehensively models carbon capture and s torage (CCS) infrastructure, from source-to-sink. The model optimally and simultaneously chooses at which sources and how much CO2 should be captured, at which reservoirs (or sinks) and how much CO2 should be injected and stored, where a pipeline network should be constructed and at what capacity, and how to distribute CO2 among the networked sources and reservoirs. A key contribution of the model is the ability to link sources and reservoirs using a realistic and capacitated pipeline network. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Middleton, Richard S.] Oak Ridege Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Middleton, RS (reprint author), Oak Ridege Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6054, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM middletonrs@ornl.gov RI Middleton, Richard/A-5470-2011; Bielicki, Jeffrey/D-4239-2016 OI Bielicki, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8449-9328 NR 6 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1611 EP 1616 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.211 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401089 ER PT S AU Bacon, DH Sminchak, JR Gerst, JL Gupta, N AF Bacon, Diana H. Sminchak, Joel R. Gerst, Jacqueline L. Gupta, Neeraj BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Validation of CO(2) Injection Simulations with Monitoring Well Data SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE geologic sequestration; carbon sequestration; numerical modeling; model validation; Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership; MRCSP; Phase II test AB The multiphase flow and solute transport simulator STOMP has been used to assess potential carbon dioxide (CO(2)) injection rates into saline formations at several sites for the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP). An injection test of approximately 10,000 metric tons into the Bass Islands Dolomite with CO(2) injection rates from 250-500 tons per day, was performed in the test well at the MRCSP geologic field test site in Otsego County, Michigan, U.S.A. Reservoir simulations were performed to estimate injection parameters, such as bottomhole pressures and pressure response over time in the storage formation, and compared to measurements taken during the test. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bacon, Diana H.] Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1815 EP 1822 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.237 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401115 ER PT S AU Morris, JP Detwiler, RL Friedmann, SJ Vorobiev, OY Hao, Y AF Morris, Joseph P. Detwiler, Russell L. Friedmann, Samuel J. Vorobiev, Oleg Y. Hao, Yue BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI The large-scale effects of multiple CO(2) injection sites on formation stability SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Coupled Processes; Computational Geomechanics; Geologic Sequestration; Large Scale AB We present results of a recent study investigating consequences of large scale deployment of CO(2) sequestration within a region spanning tens of kilometers. This initial study considered a faulted aquifer bounded above and below by impermeable rock. We performed a parameter study of fault activation due to elevated pore pressures and addressed several combinations of injection scenarios and in situ stress orientations. The simulations were performed using iteratively coupled flow and geomechanical capabilities. For each scenario, a multiple fluid injection was simulated using a non-steady reservoir flow model. At various phases of injection, the pore-pressure field was mapped over to our geomechanical codes to evaluate the evolving stress state throughout the region of interest. The geomechanical analysis specifically investigated the potential for fault activation. The results of the geomechanical simulations were used to update the flow model and modified the subsequent CO(2) plume and pressure perturbation. In addition to demonstrating large scale coupled fluid-geomechanical solver capabilities, the results highlight the importance of site selection, site characterization and in situ stress determination. The results also emphasize that site specific injection scenarios will be required for regions with substantial sequestration resource to manage permitting and deployment in such a way as to avoid unintended negative consequences of large-scale deployment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Morris, Joseph P.; Friedmann, Samuel J.; Vorobiev, Oleg Y.; Hao, Yue] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Morris, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM morris50@llnl.gov RI Detwiler, Russell/C-3228-2008 OI Detwiler, Russell/0000-0002-7693-9271 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1831 EP 1837 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.239 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401117 ER PT S AU Rutqvist, J Vasco, DW Myer, L AF Rutqvist, Jonny Vasco, Donald W. Myer, Larry BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO(2) injection at In Salah, Algeria SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Type your keywords here; separated by semicolons AB In Salah Gas Project in Algeria has been injecting nearly one million tonnes CO(2) per year over the past four years into a water-filled strata at a depth of about 1,800 to 1,900 m. Unlike most CO(2) storage sites, the permeability of the storage formation is relatively low and comparatively thin with a thickness of about 20 m. To ensure adequate CO(2) flow-rates across the low-permeability sand-face, the In Salah Gas Project decided to use long-reach (about 1 to 1.5 km) horizontal injection wells. In this study we are using field data and coupled reservoir-geomechanical numerical modeling of CO(2) injection to analyze geomechanical responses and to assess the effectiveness of this approach for CO(2) storage in relatively low permeability formations. Among the field data used are surface deformations evaluated from recently acquired satellite-based inferrometry (In SAR). The In SAR data shows a surface uplift on the order of 5 mm per year above active CO(2) injection wells and the uplift pattern extends several km from the injection wells. We use the observed surface uplift to constrain our coupled reservoir-geomechanical model. We conduct sensitivity studies to investigate potential causes and mechanisms of the observed uplift. Preliminary results of our analysis presented in this paper indicates that most of the observed uplift magnitude can be explained by poro-elastic expansion of the 20 m thick injection zone, but there could also be a significant contribution from pressure changes within the adjacent caprock. Moreover, we show that surface deformations from In SAR can be useful for tracking the fluid pressure and for detection of a permeable leakage path (e.g. in a permeable fault) through the overlying caprock layers. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rutqvist, Jonny; Vasco, Donald W.; Myer, Larry] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrutqvist@lbl.gov RI Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015; Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 6 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1847 EP 1854 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.241 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401119 ER PT S AU Zheng, LG Apps, JA Zhang, YQ Xu, TF Birkholzer, JT AF Zheng, Liange Apps, John A. Zhang, Yingqi Xu, Tianfu Birkholzer, Jens T. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Reactive Transport Simulations to Study Groundwater Quality Changes in Response to CO2 Leakage from Deep Geological Storage SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE CO2; Sequestration; Lead; Arsenic; Reactive transport; Groundwater ID SEQUESTRATION; ADSORPTION; DISSOLUTION; MEDIA; PHASE; SOILS; MODEL AB As an effort to evaluate risks associated with geologic sequestration of CO2, this work assesses the potential effects of CO2 leakage on groundwater quality. Reactive transport simulations are performed to study the chemical evolution of aqueous Pb and As after the intrusion of CO2 from a storage reservoir into a shallow confined groundwater resource. The simulations use mineralogies representative of shallow potable aquifers in the USA; both 2D (depth-averaged) and 3D simulations are conducted. Sensitivity studies are also conducted for variation in hydrological and geochemical conditions, as well as several other critical parameters. Model results suggest that a significant increase of aqueous lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) may occur in response to CO2 intrusion, but in most sensitivity cases their concentrations remain below the EPA specified maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Adsorption/desorption from mineral surfaces significantly impacts the mobilization of Pb and As. Results from the 3D model agree fairly well with the 2D model in cases where the rate of CO2 intrusion is relatively small (so that the majority of CO2 readily dissolves in the groundwater), whereas discrepancies between 2D and 3D models are observed when the CO2 intrusion rate is comparably large. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zheng, Liange; Apps, John A.; Zhang, Yingqi; Xu, Tianfu; Birkholzer, Jens T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Zheng, LG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. EM lzheng@lbl.gov RI zheng, liange/B-9748-2011; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI zheng, liange/0000-0002-9376-2535; Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 14 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1887 EP 1894 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.246 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401124 ER PT S AU Apps, JA Zhang, YQ Zheng, LG Xu, TF Birkholzer, JT AF Apps, John A. Zhang, Yingqi Zheng, Liange Xu, Tianfu Birkholzer, Jens T. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Identification of thermodynamic controls defining the concentrations of hazardous elements in potable ground waters and the potential impact of increasing carbon dioxide partial pressure SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE CO(2) Sequestration; Groundwater; Contamination; Hazardous Elements AB Concern has been expressed that carbon dioxide leaking from deep storage reservoirs could adversely impact water quality in overlying potable aquifers by mobilizing hazardous elements present in the aquifer rocks to the extent that their concentrations might exceed Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). To evaluate this issue, 38,000 ground water quality analyses from aquifers throughout the United States, each containing one or more analyses for As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, U or Zn, were retrieved from the Unites States National Water Information System (NWIS). The analyses were used to calculate the saturation indices (SIs) of all identified and thermodynamically characterized minerals containing the listed elements as essential components. These minerals were initially selected through literature surveys to establish whether field evidence supported their postulated presence in potable water aquifers. SI frequency histograms were plotted to evaluate whether these minerals are at saturation in NWIS ground waters (i.e., they show modes at SI approximate to 0). Mineral assemblages meeting the criterion of thermodynamic saturation were assumed to control the aqueous concentrations of the hazardous elements at initial system state as well as at elevated CO(2) partial pressure caused by the ingress of leaking CO(2). The impact on the identified mineral solubilities of increasing CO(2) partial pressures was then predicted over the range from -4 to +1 (i.e., 10(-4) <= P(CO(2)) in bar <= 10). Under reducing conditions (characteristic of most ground waters), the most serious problem resulting from intrusion of CO(2) into shallow groundwater may arise through enhanced dissolution of pyrite and solubilization of arsenic. At the highest P(CO(2)) assumed in our study, Ba, Pb and Zn may also approach or exceed regulatory concentration limits. Of the remaining elements, the MCLs of Cd, and Sb are unlikely to be exceeded, and Hg, Se and U concentrations are unaffected by CO(2) intrusion. (C) 2008 Elsevier All rights reserved. C1 [Apps, John A.; Zhang, Yingqi; Zheng, Liange; Xu, Tianfu; Birkholzer, Jens T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Apps, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JAApps@lbl.gov RI zheng, liange/B-9748-2011; Birkholzer, Jens/C-6783-2011 OI zheng, liange/0000-0002-9376-2535; Birkholzer, Jens/0000-0002-7989-1912 NR 4 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1917 EP 1924 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.250 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074401128 ER PT S AU Davidson, CL Dooley, JJ Dahowski, RT AF Davidson, Casie L. Dooley, James J. Dahowski, Robert T. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Assessing the impacts of future demand for saline groundwater on commercial deployment of CCS in the United States SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE carbon dioxide capture and storage; groundwater; salinity; underground source of drinking water ID WATER-RESOURCES AB This paper provides a preliminary assessment of the potential impact that future demand for groundwater might have on the commercial deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies within the United States. A number of regions within the U. S. have populations, agriculture and industries that are particularly dependent upon groundwater. Moreover, some key freshwater aquifers are already over-utilized or depleted, and others are likely to be moving toward depletion as demand grows. The need to meet future water demands may lead some parts of the nation to consider supplementing existing supplies with lower quality groundwater resources, including brackish waters that are currently not considered sources of drinking water but which could provide supplemental water via desalination. In some areas, these same deep saline-filled geologic formations also represent possible candidate carbon dioxide (CO(2)) storage reservoirs. The analysis presented here suggests that future constraints on CCS deployment -due to potential needs to supplement conventional water supplies by desalinating deeper and more brackish waters -are likely to be necessary only in limited regions across the country, particularly in areas that are already experiencing water stress. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Davidson, Casie L.; Dahowski, Robert T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Davidson, CL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Ave, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM casie.davidson@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1949 EP 1956 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.254 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402001 ER PT S AU Carroll, S Hao, Y Aines, R AF Carroll, Susan Hao, Yue Aines, Roger BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Transport and detection of carbon dioxide in dilute aquifers SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon sequestration; groundwater leak detection; reactive transport modeling ID STORAGE; CO2 AB Carbon storage in deep saline reservoirs has the potential to lower the amount of CO(2) emitted to the atmosphere and to mitigate global warming. Leakage back to the atmosphere through abandoned wells and along faults would reduce the efficiency of carbon storage, possibly leading to health and ecological hazards at the ground surface, and possibly impacting water quality of near-surface dilute aquifers. We use static equilibrium and reactive transport simulations to test the hypothesis that perturbations in water chemistry associated with a CO(2) gas leak into dilute groundwater are important measures for the potential release of CO(2) to the atmosphere. Simulation parameters are constrained by groundwater chemistry, flow, and lithology from the High Plains aquifer. The High Plains aquifer is used to represent a typical sedimentary aquifer overlying a deep CO(2) storage reservoir. Specifically, we address the relationships between CO(2) flux, groundwater flow, and detection time and distance. The CO(2) flux ranges from 10(3) to 2 x 10(6) t/yr to assess chemical perturbations resulting from relatively small leaks that may compromise long-term storage, water quality, and surface ecology, and larger leaks characteristic of short-term well failure. Reactive transport simulations show the CO(2) leakage into a dilute groundwater creates a slightly acid plume that can be detected at some distance from the leak source due to groundwater flow and CO(2) buoyancy. pH breakthrough curves demonstrate that CO(2) leaks can be easily detected for CO(2) flux 10(4) t/yr within a 15-month time period. Sustained pumping in a developed aquifer mixes the CO(2)-affected water with the ambient water and enhances pH signal for small leaks (10(3) t/yr) and reduces pH signal for larger leaks (10(4) t/yr). Detection of CO(2) leaks in aquifers by changes in pH and carbonate chemistry is readily available and well understood. Leaks produce a measurable change in pH that is still within range of natural waters, even for high flux rates (2 x 10(6) t/yr). Reactive transport modeling is a critical component to the design and effective performance of measurement, monitoring, and verification plans for carbon storage. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Carroll, Susan; Hao, Yue; Aines, Roger] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carroll, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM carroll6@llnl.gov RI Aines, Roger/A-2013-2013 NR 29 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2111 EP 2118 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.275 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402021 ER PT S AU Freifeld, BM Daley, TM Hovorka, SD Henninges, J Underschultz, J Sharma, S AF Freifeld, Barry M. Daley, Thomas M. Hovorka, Susan D. Henninges, Jan Underschultz, Jim Sharma, Sandeep BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Recent advances in well-based monitoring of CO(2) sequestration SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE CO2 monitoring; observation well; integrated completion; borehole instrumentation; geological storage ID INJECTION; GAS AB Recent CO(2) sequestration pilot projects have implemented novel approaches to well-based subsurface monitoring aimed at increasing the amount and quality of information available from boreholes. Some of the drivers for the establishment of new well-based technologies and methodologies arise from: (1) the need for data to assess physical and geochemical subsurface processes associated with CO(2) emplacement; (2) the high cost of deep boreholes and need to maximize data yield from each; (3) need for increased temporal resolution to observe plume evolution; (4) a lack of established processes and technologies for integrated permanent sensors in the oil and gas industry; and (5) a lack of regulatory guidance concerning the amount, type, and duration of monitoring required for long-term performance confirmation of a CO(2) storage site. In this paper we will examine some of the latest innovations in well-based monitoring and present examples of integrated monitoring programs. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Freifeld, Barry M.; Daley, Thomas M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Freifeld, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bmfreifeld@lbl.gov RI Underschultz, Jim/N-1496-2013; Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015; Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010 OI Underschultz, Jim/0000-0003-2151-1478; Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843; NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2277 EP 2284 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.296 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402041 ER PT S AU Lewicki, JL Hilley, GE Fischer, ML Pan, LH Oldenburg, CM Dobeck, L Spangler, L AF Lewicki, Jennifer L. Hilley, George E. Fischer, Marc L. Pan, Lehua Oldenburg, Curtis M. Dobeck, Laura Spangler, Lee BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Detection of CO(2) leakage by eddy covariance during the ZERT project's CO(2) release experiments SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Eddy covariance; Carbon dioxide flux; Geologic carbon storage monitoring; Leakage ID FLUX MEASUREMENTS; EXCHANGE; CARBON AB Carbon dioxide was released from a shallow horizontal well for ten days at 0.1 t d(-1) (Release 1) and for seven days at 0.3 t d(-1) (Release 2) during Summer 2007. Net CO(2) fluxes (F(c)) were continuously monitored by eddy covariance during the summers of 2006 and 2007. To improve leakage detection ability, we removed ecosystem fluxes correlated with changes in soil temperature and light intensity from F(c). The Release 2 leakage signal was enhanced in a time series of upper 95(th) percentile residual F(c), while the Release 1 signal fell within the variability of unmodeled processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewicki, Jennifer L.; Pan, Lehua; Oldenburg, Curtis M.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lewicki, JL (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jllewicki@lbl.gov RI Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015; OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2301 EP 2306 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.299 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402044 ER PT S AU Purcell, C Harbert, W Soong, Y McLendon, TR Haljasmaa, IV McIntyre, D JiKich, J AF Purcell, Christopher Harbert, William Soong, Yee McLendon, T. Robert Haljasmaa, Igor V. McIntyre, Dustin JiKich, Jay BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Velocity measurements in reservoir rock samples from the SACROC unit using various pore fluids, and integration into a seismic survey taken before and after a CO(2) sequestration flood SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Rock Physics; CO(2); P, S(H), S(V) elastic wave velocity; Computer Tomography AB The SACROC field, located in west Texas in the Permian Basin, is the oldest CO(2) enhanced oil recovery site in the United States, with over 93 million tons of CO(2) injected as of 2007. Recently, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the United States Department of Energy has begun to support an enhanced oil recovery project at the SACROC field in north central Texas, working in close collaboration with the Bureau of Economic Geology in Austin, Texas. The project requires the injection of CO(2) at a depth of approximately 2040 meters into a reef structure. This project involves both repeat reflection seismic surveys and rock physics based analysis of core material. In the SACROC field, hydrocarbons were flooded out using water, and will be flooded with liquid CO(2) during the summer of 2008. An experiment is planned whereby we first image fluid floods through reservoir rock using a CT scanner at NETL in order to see what the residual saturations of the previous fluids are. We then plan to conduct velocity measurements in this order, so that we can obtain a good estimate of conditions in different parts of the reservoir. We will then measure the P and S wave velocities, porosity, and permeability at varying pressures and temperatures that simulate reservoir conditions after each successive flood. In addition to velocity measurements, we will measure porosity, permeability, Young's Modulus, Poisson's ratio, and stress and strain measurement under simulated in situ reservoir conditions. Preliminary P and S wave velocity measurements were made in dry Berea sandstone samples in order to have a base reference material to compare our results to. Our Berea measurements were 2402 m/s for Vp, 1688 m/s for Vs, and 0.703 for Vs/Vp for an unstressed sample, which agrees well with the literature. The measured velocities, the P and S waveforms, the velocity vs. confining pressure will be used to calibrate our acoustical measurements both in dry and saturated samples of the carbonate SACROC reservoir rock using oil, gas, water, and CO(2). We then plan on doing the first of several seismic surveys in the SACROC field in west Texas. The first survey will be completed during the summer of 2008, and presented at this meeting. Using our velocity measurements, we hope to be able to discern the difference between areas of the reservoir rock that are saturated with different pore-filling phases. With repeated surveys over the next few years, we hope to be able to observe the area of extent of various floods of CO(2) that are scheduled to be injected into several wells in the area using the laboratory measurements we collected. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Purcell, Christopher; Harbert, William; Soong, Yee; McLendon, T. Robert; Haljasmaa, Igor V.; McIntyre, Dustin] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Purcell, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2323 EP 2331 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.302 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402047 ER PT S AU Aines, RD Leach, MJ Weisgraber, TH Simpson, MD Friedmann, SJ Bruton, CJ AF Aines, Roger D. Leach, Martin J. Weisgraber, Todd H. Simpson, Matthew D. Friedmann, S. Julio Bruton, Carol J. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Quantifying the potential exposure hazard due to energetic releases of CO(2) from a failed sequestration well SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Sequestration ID STORAGE AB Wells are designed to bring fluids from depth to the earth's surface quickly. As such they are the most likely pathway for CO(2) to return to the surface in large quantities and present a hazard without adequate management. We surveyed oil industry experience of CO(2) well failures, and separately, calculated the maximal CO(2) flow rate from a 5000 ft depth supercritical CO(2) reservoir. The calculated maximum of 20,000 tonne/day was set by the sound speed and the seven-inch well casing diameter, and was greater than any observed event. We used this flux to simulate atmospheric releases and the associated hazard utilizing the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) tools and real meteorology at a representative location in the High Plains of the United States. Three cases representing a maximum hazard day (quiet winds <1 m s(-1) near the wellhead) and medium and minimal hazard days (average winds 3 m s-1 and 7 m s-1) were assessed. As expected for such large releases, there is a near-well hazard when there is little or no wind. In all three cases the hazardous Temporary Emergency Exposure Levels (TEEL) 2 or 3 only occurred within the first few hundreds of meters. Because the preliminary 3-D model runs may not have been run at high enough resolution to accurately simulate very small distances, we also used a simple Gaussian plume model to provide an upper bound on the distance at which hazardous conditions might exist. This extremely conservative model, which ignores inhomogeneity in the mean wind and turbulence fields, also predicts possible hazardous concentrations up to several hundred meters downwind from a maximal release. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aines, Roger D.; Leach, Martin J.; Weisgraber, Todd H.; Simpson, Matthew D.; Friedmann, S. Julio; Bruton, Carol J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Aines, RD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM aines@llnl.gov RI Aines, Roger/A-2013-2013 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2421 EP 2429 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.003 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402060 ER PT S AU Jordan, P Doughty, C AF Jordan, Preston Doughty, Christine BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Sensitivity of CO(2) migration estimation on reservoir temperature and pressure uncertainty SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE geologic carbon storage; pressure temperature sensitivity; buoyancy-driven flow AB The density and viscosity of supercritical CO(2) are sensitive to pressure and temperature (PT) while the viscosity of brine is sensitive primarily to temperature. Oil field PT data in the vicinity of WESTCARB's Phase III injection pilot test site in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California, show a range of PT values, indicating either PT uncertainty or variability. Numerical simulation results across the range of likely PT indicate brine viscosity variation causes virtually no difference in plume evolution and final size, but CO(2) density variation causes a large difference. Relative ultimate plume size is almost directly proportional to the relative difference in brine and CO(2) density (buoyancy flow). The majority of the difference in plume size occurs during and shortly after the cessation of injection. (C) 2009 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jordan, Preston; Doughty, Christine] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. RP Jordan, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. EM pdjordan@lbl.gov RI Jordan, Preston/L-1587-2016 OI Jordan, Preston/0000-0001-5853-9517 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2587 EP 2594 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.024 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402081 ER PT S AU Stauffer, PH Surdam, RC Jiao, ZS Miller, TA Bentley, RD AF Stauffer, Philip H. Surdam, Ronald C. Jiao, Zunsheng Miller, Terry A. Bentley, Ramsey D. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Combining geologic data and numerical modeling to improve estimates of the CO(2) sequestration potential of the Rock Springs Uplift, Wyoming SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon Dioxide; Sequestration; Multiphase flow; Modeling; System Modeling ID SITE AB We present results from the first stages of a detailed three dimensional analysis of the geologic CO(2) sequestration potential of the Rock Springs Uplift (RSU), located in south-western Wyoming. This site is of particular interest because of the collocated 2.1 GW Jim Bridger coal burning power plant and the possibility of additional power plants being developed in the area to take advantage of the abundant coal reserves in the RSU region (i.e. the Southern California Edison CEPL project). The Rock Springs Uplift is a huge asymmetric dome structure with two superior target sequestration reservoirs located beneath a 1500 m thick sequence of Cretaceous shale. The target reservoirs, the Weber Sandstone and Madison Limestone, with thicknesses of greater than 200m and 75m respectively, are located at depths where pressures are well above the critical point of CO(2). Seismic data reveal that the structure of the RSU creates an ideal trap for buoyant supercritical CO(2). The target reservoirs currently contain high salinity sour brines (35,000-80,000 ppm) with little or no economic value. Reservoir continuity inferred from well logs and cores and high average measured porosity (10%) and permeability (10-75 md) led to initial screening estimates on the order of 26 billion tons of CO(2) for the storage capacity of the structure. This paper focuses on calculations that will help to refine the initial capacity estimates through the use of high resolution multiphase numerical models. First we present an analysis using a system level simulator, CO2-PENS, to differentiate between two injection depths in the Weber on the basis of the costs associated with on-site drilling and pipelines for a range of permeabilities. The deeper site is analogous to the subsurface near the Jim Bridger Power Plant (JBPP), while the shallower site is analogous to the crest of the RSU. Results of this analysis show that deeper injection may be more cost effective. Next, we develop a 3-D computational hydrostratigraphic model and simulate injection of CO(2) near the Jim Bridger Power Plant. Utilizing existing seismic and wellbore data, a geologic framework model has been created in Earth Vision (i.e., 3D model building and visualization software). From this model, hydrostratigraphic units were extracted and a 3-D computational mesh for a 16 x 16 km section of the RSU structure was constructed. This model is used to simulate injection of 80% of the total CO(2) emissions from the 2.1 GW JBPP (483 kg/s or 15 Mt/year) into the Weber formation for two cases. The first case assumes a very high permeability in the Weber and needs only one injection well, while the second case assumes a lower permeability and uses 9 injection wells. The major differences between these two examples are the amount of CO(2) that dissolves into the formation brines and the areal extent of the resulting plumes. Because the low permeability case requires more injectors, the injected CO(2) is exposed to a larger volume of reservoir rock and leads to a higher percentage of the total injected CO(2) being dissolved in the formation water. The focused injection for the high permeability case leads to more CO(2) remaining in the supercritical state and longer up-dip transport. Finally, both cases show that both diffusive and advective transport into the surrounding strata may significantly increase the storage potential of the RSU. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stauffer, Philip H.; Miller, Terry A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stauffer, PH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop T-003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Stauffer, Philip/A-1384-2009; OI Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2717 EP 2724 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.041 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402098 ER PT S AU Jordan, P Doughty, C AF Jordan, Preston Doughty, Christine BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Sensitivity of CO(2) migration estimation on reservoir temperature and pressure uncertainty SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE geologic carbon storage; pressure temperature sensitivity; buoyancy-driven flow AB The density and viscosity of supercritical CO(2) are sensitive to pressure and temperature (PT) while the viscosity of brine is sensitive primarily to temperature. Oil field PT data in the vicinity of WESTCARB's Phase III injection pilot test site in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California, show a range of PT values, indicating either PT uncertainty or variability. Numerical simulation results across the range of likely PT indicate brine viscosity variation causes virtually no difference in plume evolution and final size, but CO(2) density variation causes a large difference. Relative ultimate plume size is almost directly proportional to the relative difference in brine and CO(2) density (buoyancy flow). The majority of the difference in plume size occurs during and shortly after the cessation of injection. (C) 2009 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jordan, Preston; Doughty, Christine] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. RP Jordan, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. EM pdjordan@lbl.gov RI Jordan, Preston/L-1587-2016; Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 OI Jordan, Preston/0000-0001-5853-9517; NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2825 EP 2832 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.055 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402112 ER PT S AU Dahowski, RT Li, X Davidson, CL Wei, N Dooley, JJ Gentile, RH AF Dahowski, R. T. Li, X. Davidson, C. L. Wei, N. Dooley, J. J. Gentile, R. H. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI A Preliminary Cost Curve Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Potential in China SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE carbon dioxide capture and storage; China; cost curve; climate change AB This study presents a preliminary assessment of the potential for carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies to deploy within China. China has a large theoretical and geographically dispersed geologic carbon dioxide (CO(2)) storage capacity in excess of 2,300,000 MtCO(2) in onshore basins with deep saline-filled sedimentary basins accounting for over 99 percent of the total. There are over 1620 large stationary CO(2) point sources that emit a combined 3890 MtCO(2)/year and 91 percent are within 100 miles (161 km) of a candidate deep geologic storage formation. The preliminary cost curve analysis suggests that the majority of emissions from China's large CO(2) point sources can be stored in large deep saline formations at estimated transport and storage costs of less than $10/tCO(2). This indicates that there is significant potential for CCS technologies to deploy in China and for these technologies to deliver deep, sustained, and cost-effective emissions reductions for China over the course of this century. The research reported here was the result of an unprecedented and highly productive collaboration between researchers in the United States and China. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dahowski, R. T.; Davidson, C. L.] Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dahowski, RT (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bob.dahowski@battelle.org RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011; OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 12 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 2849 EP 2856 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.058 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074402115 ER PT S AU White, M McGrail, P AF White, Mark McGrail, Pete BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Designing a Pilot-Scale Experiment for the Production of Natural Gas Hydrates and Sequestration of CO(2) in Class 1 Hydrate Accumulations SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE natural gas hydrate; numerical simulation; CO(2) exchange; gas hydrate dissociation; mixed gas hydrate ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXPLOITATION; SYSTEM AB Vast accumulations of methane hydrates have been found in suboceanic deposits and beneath the arctic permafrost. Because of the large volumetric storage densities, clathrate hydrates on the deep ocean floor have been suggested as a sequestration option for CO(2). Alternatively, CO(2) hydrates can be formed in the geologic settings of naturally occurring accumulations of methane hydrates. This paper describes the design (via numerical simulation) of a pilot-scale demonstration test of the CO(2) exchange production and sequestration technology for a geologic setting beneath the arctic permafrost, involving a gas-hydrate interval overlying a free-gas interval (i.e., Class 1 Hydrate Accumulation). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [White, Mark; McGrail, Pete] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McGrail, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Hydrol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.white@pnl.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3099 EP 3106 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.090 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403017 ER PT S AU Bacon, DH Sass, BM Bhargava, M Sminchak, J Gupta, N AF Bacon, Diana H. Sass, Bruce M. Bhargava, Mohit Sminchak, Joel Gupta, Neeraj BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Reactive Transport Modeling of CO(2) and SO(2) Injection into Deep Saline Formations and Their Effect on the Hydraulic Properties of Host Rocks SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE carbon sequestration; numerical model; reactive transport; geochemical reactions; porosity change AB Injection of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO(2)) into formations containing carbonate minerals may affect the porosity and permeability of the host rock and overlying caprock due to dissolution of the primary carbonate minerals and possible precipitation of secondary minerals. Simulations of pilot-scale CO(2) injection with co-sequestration of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) were conducted to assess the competing effects of dolomite dissolution and anhydrite precipitation on formation hydraulic properties. A geochemical model of two promising host formations in the midwestern United States (Rose Run and Copper Ridge) was developed for the purpose of assessing mineral dissolution and precipitation effects on injectivity and containment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bacon, Diana H.] Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. RP Bacon, DH (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA USA. OI Bacon, Diana/0000-0001-9122-5333 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3283 EP 3290 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.114 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403041 ER PT S AU Doughty, C Myer, LR Oldenburg, CM AF Doughty, Christine Myer, Larry R. Oldenburg, Curtis M. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Predictions of long-term behavior of a large-volume pilot test for CO(2) geological storage in a saline formation in the Central Valley, California SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE geologic CO(2) storage; multi-phase flow modeling; CO(2) trapping mechanism; plume stabilization AB The long-term behavior of a CO(2) plume injected into a deep saline formation is investigated, focusing on mechanisms that lead to plume stabilization. Key measures are plume migration distance and the time evolution of CO(2) phase-partitioning, which are examined by developing a numerical model of the subsurface at a proposed power plant with CO(2) capture in the San Joaquin Valley, California, where a large-volume pilot test of CO(2) injection will be conducted. The numerical model simulates a four-year CO(2) injection period and the subsequent evolution of the CO(2) plume until it stabilizes. Sensitivity studies are carried out to investigate the effect of poorly constrained model parameters permeability, permeability anisotropy, and residual gas saturation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Doughty, Christine; Myer, Larry R.; Oldenburg, Curtis M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doughty, C (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3291 EP 3298 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.115 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403042 ER PT S AU McGrail, BP Schaef, HT Glezakou, VA Dang, LX Owen, AT AF McGrail, B. P. Schaef, H. T. Glezakou, V. -A. Dang, L. X. Owen, A. T. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Water Reactivity in the Liquid and Supercritical CO(2) Phase: Has Half the Story Been Neglected? SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE sequestration; corrosion; carbonate precipitation; molecular dynamics ID SEQUESTRATION; CORROSION; INJECTION; STEEL; ROCK; IRON; OIL AB Aqueous-phase mediated chemical reactions with dissolved CO(2) have long been considered the principal if not only reactive process supporting mineralization reactions with basalt and other reactive reservoir rocks and caprocks in deep geologic sequestration systems. This is not surprising given the quite high solubility of CO(2) in the aqueous phase and ample evidence from natural systems of the reactivity of CO(2)-charged waters with a variety of silicate minerals. In contrast, comparatively scant attention has been directed at reactivity of water solvated in liquid and supercritical CO(2), with the exception of interest in the impacts of water in CO(2) on the corrosion of pipeline steels. The results presented in this paper show that the most interesting and important aspects of water reactivity with metal and oxide surfaces of interest in geologic sequestration systems actually occurs in the liquid or supercritical CO(2) phase. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McGrail, B. P.; Schaef, H. T.; Owen, A. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McGrail, BP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3415 EP 3419 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.131 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403058 ER PT S AU Strazisar, B Kutchko, B Huerta, N AF Strazisar, Brian Kutchko, Barbara Huerta, Nicolas BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Chemical Reactions of Wellbore Cement Under CO(2) Storage Conditions: Effects of Cement Additives SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE wellbore integrity; cement; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carbonation ID GEOLOGIC SEQUESTRATION CONDITIONS AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the impact of pozzolanic additives on the reaction of well cement paste under sequestration conditions. Two common blends consisting of class H cement and pozzolan/cement ratios of 35:65 and 65:35 were studied under CO(2) exposure conditions of 2200 psi and 50 degrees C. Although the rate of chemical reaction is significantly greater than with neat cement paste, the alteration of physical properties is not sufficient to compromise sealing integrity under the conditions of the experiments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Strazisar, Brian; Kutchko, Barbara; Huerta, Nicolas] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Strazisar, B (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM brian.strazisar@netl.doe.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3603 EP 3607 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.155 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403082 ER PT S AU Carey, JW Svec, R Grigg, R Lichtner, PC Zhang, JS Crow, W AF Carey, J. William Svec, Robert Grigg, Reid Lichtner, Peter C. Zhang, Jinsuo Crow, Walter BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Wellbore integrity and CO(2)-brine flow along the casing-cement microannulus SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon sequestration; well integrity; Portland cement; carbonation; calcite; siderite; casing; corrosion ID CORROSION; OIL AB Wellbore integrity is one of the key performance criteria in the geological storage of CO(2). This is significant in any proposed storage site but may be critical to the suitability of depleted oil and gas reservoirs that may have 10's to 1000's of abandoned wells. Much previous work has focused on Portland cement which is the primary material used to seal (create zonal isolation) wellbore systems. This work has emphasized the reactivity of Portland cement to form calcium carbonate. However, an increasing number of field studies [(e.g., 1], experimental studies [e.g., 2], and theoretical considerations indicate that the most significant leakage mechanism is likely to be flow of CO(2) along the casing-cement microannulus, cement-cement fractures, or the cement-caprock interface. The magnitude of flows along these interfaces is a complex function of the pressure gradient, geomechanical properties that support the interface and dissolution/precipitation reactions that lead to widening or closure of the interface. In this study, we investigate the casing-cement microannulus through core-flood experiments. The experiments were conducted on a 5-cm diameter sample of cement that was cured with an embedded rectangular length of steel casing. Prior to the experiment, the casing was loosened creating a poorly bonded interface. However, we discovered that under confining pressure this interface was non-transmissive, suggesting that in the wellbore environment an open casing-cement microannulus requires a relatively low differential between pore and confining pressure. For the experiments, we created an artificially transmissive interface by scoring grooves in the steel casing (0.2-0.8 mm in depth). The core-flood experiments were conducted at 40 degrees C, 14 MPa pore pressure, and 28 MPa confining pressure for a period of 400 hours. During the experiment, 6.2 L of a 50:50 mixture of supercritical CO(2) and a 30,000 ppm NaCl-rich brine flowed through 10-cm of limestone before flowing through the 6-cm length cement-casing composite. Approximately 41,000 pore-volumes of fluid moved through the casing-cement grooves. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the CO(2)-brine mixture impacted both the casing and the cement. The Portland cement was carbonated to depths of 50-150 mu m by a diffusion-dominated process. There was no evidence of mass loss or erosion of the Portland cement. By contrast, the steel casing reacted to form abundant precipitates of iron carbonate that lined the channels and in one case almost completed filled a channel. These results are compared to field studies to constrain the magnitude of possible CO(2) migration in real wellbore systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Carey, J. William; Lichtner, Peter C.; Zhang, Jinsuo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carey, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bcarey@lanl.gov RI Carey, James/B-4421-2011; Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 10 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3609 EP 3615 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.156 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403083 ER PT S AU Pawar, RJ Watson, TL Gable, CW AF Pawar, Rajesh J. Watson, Theresa L. Gable, Carl W. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Numerical Simulation of CO(2) Leakage through Abandoned Wells: Model for an Abandoned Site with Observed Gas Migration in Alberta, Canada SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE wellbore leakage; CO(2) sequestration; Alberta; multiphase flow; modeling AB This paper will present results of a numerical modelling study on CO(2) migration through abandoned wells. Leakage of CO(2) through plugged and abandoned wellbores is one of the major concerns for long-term safety and effectiveness of geologic CO(2) sequestration. For risk assessment and mitigation, it is not only important to understand and characterize the potential for CO(2) leakage through wellbores but also subsequent CO(2) migration beyond the primary sequestration reservoir. Subsequent to the leak, CO(2) may take a direct path towards the accessible environment or it may migrate in an indirect stair-stepping manner through wellbores/fractures across multiple, shallow permeable strata. In the later case, identification of leak source and application of mitigation strategies may become a challenge. For this study we use data from a site in Alberta, Canada which has reported natural gas leak at surface. Investigations on origin of the gas and potential gas migration path from the original source to the surface at the analog site show that the gas could be moving through multiple wells and across multiple formations. There are multiple wells at the site which were drilled and abandoned without production casing and are completely open between two hydrocarbon bearing zones creating cross-flow across zones through open wellbores. Our study focuses on the deeper formations and potential for leakage for CO(2) injected in deeper formation. A complex numerical fluid-flow model is developed for the site in FEHM, LANL's porous media fluid-flow simulator. The model explicitly accounts for wellbore details such as abandonment plugs, casing, annulus cement, etc. The model was used to perform long-term simulations of CO(2) injection and potential migration through abandoned wells. Numerical simulation results show limited migration of CO(2) through abandoned wells. Such detailed simulation would be valuable to develop effective abandonment practices as well as mitigation strategies at CO(2) sequestration sites. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Pawar, Rajesh J.; Gable, Carl W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pawar, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rajesh@lanl.gov RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3625 EP 3632 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.158 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403085 ER PT S AU Schumacher, K Sands, R AF Schumacher, Katja Sands, Ronald BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Greenhouse gas mitigation in a carbon constrained world - the role of CCS in Germany SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE energy efficiency; fuel switching; carbon dioxide capture and storage; general equilibrium modeling; climate policy AB In a carbon constrained world, at least four classes of greenhouse gas mitigation options are available: energy efficiency, switching to low or carbon-free energy sources, introduction of carbon dioxide capture and storage along with electric generating technologies, and reductions in emissions of non-CO(2) greenhouse gases. The contribution of each option to overall greenhouse gas mitigation varies by cost, scale, and timing. In particular, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) promises to allow for low-emissions fossil-fuel based power generation. This is particularly relevant for Germany, where electricity generation is largely coal-based and, at the same time, ambitious climate targets are in place. Our objective is to provide a balanced analysis of the various classes of greenhouse gas mitigation options with a particular focus on CCS for Germany. We simulate the potential role of advanced fossil fuel based electricity generating technologies with CCS (IGCC, NGCC) as well the potential for retrofit with CCS for existing and currently built fossil plants from the present through 2050. We employ a computable general equilibrium (CGE) economic model as a core model and integrating tool. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Schumacher, Katja] Oko Inst eV, Inst Appl Ecol, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Sands, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ronald.sands@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3755 EP 3762 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.175 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403102 ER PT S AU Klara, JM AF Klara, Julianne M. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI The potential of advanced technologies to reduce carbon capture costs in future IGCC power plants SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE carbon capture; sequestration; Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle; IGCC; carbon dioxide; CO(2); CCS; advanced technologies AB Over the next two decades, our nation will need to add a substantial amount of new power generation capacity. The possibility of more stringent environmental regulations for greenho use gas emissions in the utility sector has opened a unique window of opportunity for integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCCs) equipped with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) to participate significantly in this expansion. This paper analyzes several advanced technologies under development in the Department of Energy (DOE) research and development (R& D) portfolio that have the potential to improve process efficiency, reduc e capital and operating expense, and increas e plant availability resulti ng in a significant reduction in the cost of electricity for plants that capture carbon. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Klara, JM (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM julianne.klara@netl.doe.gov RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3827 EP 3834 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.184 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403111 ER PT S AU Litynski, J Plasynski, S Spangler, L Finley, R Steadman, E Ball, D Nemeth, KJ McPherson, B Myer, L AF Litynski, John Plasynski, Sean Spangler, Lee Finley, Robert Steadman, Edward Ball, David Nemeth, Kenneth J. McPherson, Brian Myer, Larry BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI US Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program: Overview SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Type your keywords here; separated by semicolons; Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships; United States; Field Projects; Geologic Storage AB The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) has formed a nationwide network of seven regional partnerships to help determine the best approaches for capturing and permanently storing gases that can contribute to global climate change. The Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs) are tasked with determining the most suitable technologies, regulations, and infrastructure for carbon capture, transport, and storage in their areas of the country and parts of Canada. The seven partnerships include more than 350 state agencies, universities, national laboratories, private companies, and environmental organizations, spanning 42 states, two Indian nations, and four Canadian provinces. The Regional Partnerships initiative is being implemented in three phases: Characterization Phase (2003 - 2005): The objective was to collect data on CO(2) sources and sinks and develop the human capital to support and enable future carbon sequestration field tests and deployments. The completion of this Phase was marked by release of the Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada - Version 1 which included a common methodology for capacity assessment and reported over 3,000GT of storage capacity in saline formations, depleted oil and gas fields, and coal seams. (C) 2008 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Litynski, John; Plasynski, Sean] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Litynski, J (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. OI Spangler, Lee/0000-0002-3870-6696 NR 6 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 3959 EP 3967 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.200 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074403127 ER PT S AU Dooley, JJ Dahowski, RT AF Dooley, J. J. Dahowski, R. T. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Large-Scale US Unconventional Fuels Production and the Role of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Technologies in Reducing Their Greenhouse Gas Emissions SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE carbon dioxide capture and storage; coal-to-liquids; oil shale; climate change AB Under two future hypothetical climate policies and assuming the wide-scale availability of cost-effective carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies, the emergence of a domestic U.S. oil shale or coal-to-liquids (CTL) industry would likely be responsible for significant increases in carbon dioxide (CO(2)) emissions to the atmosphere. The oil shale production facilities required to produce 3MMB/d from the Ecocene Green River formation using an in situ retorting process would result in net emissions to the atmosphere of between 3000-7000 MtCO(2), in addition to storing potentially 900-5000 MtCO(2) in regional deep geologic formations in the period up to 2050. A similarly sized, but geographically more dispersed domestic CTL industry could result in 4000-5000 MtCO(2) emitted to the atmosphere, in addition to potentially 21,000-22,000 MtCO(2) stored in regional deep geologic formations over the same period up to 2050. Preliminary analysis of regional CO(2) storage capacity in locations where such facilities might be sited indicates that there appears to be sufficient storage capacity, primarily in deep saline formations, to accommodate the CO(2) from these industries. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dooley, J. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jj.dooley@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4225 EP 4232 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.233 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404031 ER PT S AU Nichols, C Phares, L Dipietro, P vanLeeuwen, T AF Nichols, Chris Phares, Lisa Dipietro, Phil vanLeeuwen, Tyler BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Analysis of GHG Abatement Opportunities under America's Climate Security Act of 2007 SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC AB Over the past few years, several pieces of legislation have been introduced in Congress aimed at reducing US greenhouse (GHG) emissions by setting emission targets by specified years. One of the latest bills, America's Climate Security Act of 2007 (S.2191) was introduced in October 2007 and sets a US GHG emissions target for 2050 that is 85% below the governments business-as-usual forecast. DOE/NETL has employed a multi-sector emissions accounting tool, CarBen, that identifies emission abatement options and their contribution, via a wedge analysis, to the total GHG emissions reduction needed to meet the 2050 emissions target laid out in S.2191. This paper begins with a review of expected greenhouse (GHG) emissions in the United States through 2050. Historical and projected trends in U. S. energy use per GDP and GHG emission per unit of energy delivered are assessed. The paper then explores "technical possibilities" that exist for the U. S. to mitigate its GHG emissions in line with S.2191. Within the power sector, these options include nuclear power, renewable power generation, refurbishing existing coal power plants, retrofitting existing coal power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) and deploying new coal and natural gas power plants with CCS Outside of the power sector abatement options cover non-CO(2) GHG emissions abatement, terrestrial offsets, international credits, improved vehicle efficiency and electrification of the transportation sector through hybrid electric vehicles. The methodology for calculating the wedges and allocating emissions reduction among the different options is described. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nichols, Chris; Phares, Lisa; Dipietro, Phil] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Off Syst Anal & Planning, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Nichols, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Off Syst Anal & Planning, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4249 EP 4256 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.236 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404034 ER PT S AU Grol, E AF Grol, Eric BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Technical Assessment of an Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle with Carbon Capture SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Solid oxide fuel cell; IGFC; carbon capture; Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell; SOFC; CO(2); advanced technologies; coal power; fossil energy AB This work presents systems analysis results of an integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) combined cycle with carbon capture. The study assumes the use of an atmospheric pressure solid oxide fuel cell. The efficiency, carbon capture potential, and water consumption rates are evaluated and compared to another advanced coal-based power system, an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Grol, E (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM eric.grol@netl.doe.gov NR 2 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4307 EP 4313 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.243 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404041 ER PT S AU Geisbrecht, R Dipietro, P AF Geisbrecht, Rodney Dipietro, Phil BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Evaluating options for US coal fired power plants in the face of uncertainties and greenhouse gas caps: the economics of refurbishing, retrofitting, and repowering SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon Capture and Sequestration; Coal Fired Power Plants, Retrofitting; Repowering; Refurbishing; National Energy Modeling System AB Facing a cost for emitting carbon dioxide, U.S. entities that own coal-fired power plants have a number of options to pursue as alternatives to retiring the plant and investing in a new one with lower carbon emissions. These include: (1) continuing to operate business as usual and obtaining emission allowances as needed, (2) switching to or cofiring low carbon fuels, (3) retrofitting with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), (4) repowering with an advanced coal technology incorporating CCS, and (5) refurbishing to improve plant efficiency in combination with any of the previous options. Markets for refurbishing, retrofitting, and repowering were assessed using data bases of existing coal fired power plants along with the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) code, which was modified to undertake an integrated analysis of how retrofit and repowering options would compete with other options for managing the fleet of coal fired power plants. Sensitivities with respect to key uncertainties are presented, including carbon values, natural gas prices, CCS incentives, and system-wide cost effectiveness of refurbishing in conjunction with retrofitting or repowering. The indicated market for coal fired power plants that could be retrofitted with near commercial CCS technology under carbon cost scenarios ranging from 45 - 60 $/MTCO2e (metric ton CO2 equivalent) is on the order of 100 GW. A similar market is apparent for repowering, but with technologies that are as yet not commercialized. Below 30 $/MTCO2e, CCS technologies would not deploy without incentives. While refurbishing can extend the market for either retrofitting or repowering, its impact will depend on the extent to which efficiency as well as other cost related factors can be collectively upgraded. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Geisbrecht, Rodney; Dipietro, Phil] US DOE, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Geisbrecht, R (reprint author), US DOE, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM rgeisb@netl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4347 EP 4354 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.248 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404046 ER PT S AU Wise, M Kyle, GP Dooley, J Kim, SH AF Wise, Marshall Kyle, G. Page Dooley, Jim Kim, Son H. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI The Impact of Electric Passenger Transport Technology on the Demand for Coal-fired Power with CCS under a Climate Policy SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE plug in hybrid electric vehicles; climate change; carbon dioxide capture and storage AB Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have the potential to be an economic means of reducing direct (or tailpipe) carbon (CO(2)) emissions from the transportation sector. However, without a climate policy that places a limit on CO(2) emissions is not as clear. A comprehensive analysis must consider jointly the transportation and electricity sectors, along with feedbacks to the rest of the energy system. In this paper, we use the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory MiniCAM model to perform an integrated economic analysis where PHEVs obtain 50-60% of the market for passenger and light-duty trucks, the ability to deploy PHEVs under the two climate policies modeled here results in 6000-7300 MiCO(2) of additional cost-effective emissions reductions from the U.S. economy over the period 2005-2050. The additional demand for geologic CO(2) storage created by the introduction of the PHEVs is approximately equal to the cumulative geologic CO(2) storage demanded by two to three large 1000 MW IGCC+CCS power plants over a 50-year period. The introduction of PHEVs into the U.S. transportation sector, coupled with climate policies such as those examined here, can also reduce U.S. demand for oil by 20-30% by 2050 compared to today's levels. C1 [Wise, Marshall; Kyle, G. Page; Dooley, Jim; Kim, Son H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wise, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM marshall.wise@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4355 EP 4362 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.249 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404047 ER PT S AU Friedmann, SJ Upadhye, R Kong, FM AF Friedmann, S. Julio Upadhye, Ravi Kong, Fung-Ming BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Prospects for underground coal gasification in carbon-constrained world SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE UCG; underground coal gasification; carbon sequestration; coal-to-liquids; synthetic natural gas; coal utilization; in-situ coal gasification AB Underground coal gasification (UCG) has re-emerged as an energy technology for coal conversion and utilization given its attractive economics, ability to access inaccessible coals, and versatility of use. Based on published and new cost estimates, engineering analyses, and new commercial pilots it appears that UCG can produce syngas for 1/2 to 1/4 of the cost compared to surface gasifiers. New pilots announced in India, Canada, New Zealand, Wyoming, Alberta, China, and Australia to commence in 2009-2010 are preludes to commercial projects to produce hydrogen, power, liquid fuels, and chemicals. Importantly, UCG may have special promise in combination with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). First, there is a high degree of coincidence between coal resources and potential sequestration sites. Second, preliminary engineering and economic assessments suggest that it would be possible to fully or partially decarbonize many UCG product streams with CCS at costs at or below their surface equivalents without CCS. At present, all projects proposed for North America have CCS as a component to their carbon management strategy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Friedmann, S. Julio; Kong, Fung-Ming] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friedmann, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-175,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedmann2@llnl.gov NR 11 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4551 EP 4557 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.274 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404072 ER PT S AU Friedmann, SJ AF Friedmann, S. Julio BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Practice-based vs performance-based standards for carbon sequestration projects SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Carbon sequestration; UIC; regulatory frameworks; performance standards AB Interest in deployment of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is at odds with the lack of regulations to guide deployment. This can be resolved by a practice-based regulatory framework focused on data collection, prediction, and iteration. Such a regulatory framework could require operators to undertake behaviors that would empower initial regulatory efforts and tell potential operators what to do and why, not how to do it or to what precision. The most important practices comprise prediction and validation. This approach would have several positive effects, including encouraging would-be operators to invest in site selection, planning, modeling and prediction, monitoring, and regular updating of geotechnical operation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friedmann, SJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-175,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedmann2@llnl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4609 EP 4612 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.281 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404079 ER PT S AU Burton, EA Birkinshaw, K Myer, L Myhre, R Coombs, MJ AF Burton, Elizabeth A. Birkinshaw, Kelly Myer, Larry Myhre, Richard Coombs, Mary Jane BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Informing policy development for geologic carbon sequestration in California SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE capture and sequestration; California; policy; carbon emissions; greenhouse gas emissions reductions; geologic sequestration AB In California, there have been numerous policy directives aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In 2005, Executive Order S-3-05 established three target reduction levels for GHG emissions for the state, most notably a return to 1990 levels by 2020 (codified into law by the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006) and a reduction to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. In 2006, Senate Bill 1368 mandated a GHG emission performance standard (set at an interim level of 1100 lb-CO2/MWh or 500 kg-CO2/MWh) for new or renewed long-term contracts to purchase electricity from baseload facilities, and Assembly Bill 1925 required a report to the California legislature containing recommendations for accelerating the adoption of cost-effective geologic sequestration strategies for the long-term management of industrial carbon dioxide. Assembly Bill 1925 provided a unique opportunity for technical experts and other stakeholders to inform future policy decisions and regulations for geologic carbon sequestration in California. The author of the bill, the state agencies, and other stakeholders involved in developing the report agreed that a two-stage process would best address the goals of the legislation. A first report was recently released that provides a thorough overview of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) fundamentals in a California context and recommends areas for additional data acquisition or analyses. A second report, to be issued in 2010, will contain a full set of recommendations based on further studies, stakeholder input, and data and lessons learned from ongoing geologic CCS projects worldwide and particularly from field tests in California conducted by the West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (WESTCARB). This paper presents an overview of the approach and key findings of the first report, including technical readiness, infrastructure needs, regulatory and economic assessments, identification of potential early opportunities for application of CCS technology, and assessment of the greatest barriers to widespread CCS adoption in the state. Many of these findings are generally applicable beyond California or provide analogs useful to other states. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Burton, Elizabeth A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Burton, EA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-645, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM burton14@llnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4617 EP 4624 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.283 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404081 ER PT S AU Bradbury, J Ray, I Peterson, T Wade, S Wong-Parodi, G Feldpausch, A AF Bradbury, Judith Ray, Isha Peterson, Tarla Wade, Sarah Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle Feldpausch, Andrea BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI The Role of Social Factors in Shaping Public Perceptions of CCS: Results of Multi-State Focus Group Interviews in the US SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE CCS; public perception; risk communication; public acceptance; communication AB Three of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships analyzed community perspectives on carbon capture and storage (CCS) through focus groups and interviews in five communities. These perspectives were analyzed in the context of each community's history and its social and economic characteristics. The results were considered for their insights into specific concerns within each region, as well as to assess inter-region commonalities. In all cases, factors such as past experience with government, existing low socioeconomic status, desire for compensation, and/or perceived benefit to the community were of greater concern than the concern about the risks of the technology itself. This paper discusses the findings from the joint review of the focus groups and the potential lessons for application to CCS deployment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Bradbury, Judith] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bradbury, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM judith.bradbury@pnl.gov OI Peterson, Tarla Rai/0000-0002-2864-0013 NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4665 EP 4672 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.289 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404087 ER PT S AU Malone, EL Bradbury, JA Dooley, JJ AF Malone, Elizabeth L. Bradbury, Judith A. Dooley, James J. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Keeping CCS Stakeholder Involvement in Perspective SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE Stakeholder involvement; carbon capture and storage; CCS; surveys ID GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; PEOPLE KNOW AB Recent surveys, polls, and other research focused on stakeholder attitudes towards the nascent commercial deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies revealed that the general public knows relatively little about CCS. Given this lack of knowledge with respect to the concept of CCS-let alone first-hand experiential knowledge derived from seeing these technologies deployed in local communities-it is imperative to re-examine how research on CCS stakeholder involvement is conducted and how the results of these studies are reported. This paper will explore several such framing issues regarding future stakeholder involvement activities. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Malone, Elizabeth L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Malone, EL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM e.malone@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4789 EP 4794 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.305 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404103 ER PT S AU Schaef, HT McGrail, BP Owen, AT AF Schaef, H. T. McGrail, B. P. Owen, A. T. BE Gale, J Herzog, H Braitsch, J TI Basalt-CO(2)-H(2)O Interactions and Variability in Carbonate Mineralization Rates SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 9 SE Energy Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies CY NOV 16-20, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE mineralization; geologic sequestration ID DISSOLUTION; GLASS; CO2; MINERALS; SULFIDE; BASIN; FLOW; GAS AB Flood basalts are receiving increasing attention as possible host formations for geologic sequestration of anthropogenic CO(2), with studies underway in the U. S., India, Iceland, and Canada. Our previous laboratory studies with Columbia River basalts showed relative quick precipitation of carbonate minerals compared to other siliclastic rocks when batch reacted with water and supercritical CO(2). In this study, our prior work with Columbia River basalt was extended to tests with basalts from the eastern U. S., India, and Africa. The basalts are all similar in bulk chemistry and share common minerals such as plagioclase, augite, and a glassy mesostasis. Single pass flow through dissolution experiments under dilute solution and mildly acidic conditions indicate similar cation release behavior among the basalt samples tested. Despite similar bulk chemistry and apparent dissolution kinetics, long-term static experiments with CO(2) saturated water show significant differences in rates of mineralization as well as precipitate chemistry and morphology. For example, basalt from the Newark Basin in the U. S. is by far the most reactive of any basalt tested to date. Carbonate reaction products for the Newark Basin basalt were globular in form and contained significantly more Fe than the secondary carbonates that precipitated on the other basalt samples. Calcite grains with classic "dogtooth spar" morphology and trace cation substitution (Mg and Mn) were observed in post-reacted samples associated with the Columbia River basalts. Other basalts produced solid precipitates with compositions that varied chemically throughout the entire testing period. Polished cross sections of the reacted grains show precipitate overgrowths with irregular regions outlined by dark and bright layers indicative of zonations of different compositions. Chemical differences in the precipitates indicate changes in fluid chemistry unique to the dissolution behavior of each basalt sample reacted with CO(2) saturated water. The Karoo basalt appeared the least reactive, with very limited mineralization occurring during the testing period. Additional experiments conducted using mixtures of H(2)S and CO(2) unexpectedly changed the relative reactivity of the basalts. For example, the Karoo basalt was highly reactive in the presence of aqueous dissolved H(2)S and CO(2), evident by small nodules of carbonate coating the basalt grains after 181 days of testing. However the most reactive basalt in pure CO(2), Newark Basin, formed limited amounts of carbonate in the presence of H(2)S. Basalt reactivity in pure CO(2) appears to be controlled by the glassy mesostasis chemistry, which is the most reactive component of basalt. With the addition of H(2)S, the reactivity appears to be controlled by precipitation of insoluble iron sulfides as coatings on the basalt grains. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Schaef, H. T.; McGrail, B. P.; Owen, A. T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schaef, HT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM todd.schaef@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1876-6102 J9 ENRGY PROCED PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 4899 EP 4906 DI 10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.320 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BOB02 UT WOS:000276074404118 ER PT B AU Garzoglio, G Levsbina, T Mhashilkar, P Timm, S AF Garzoglio, Gabriele Levsbina, Tanya Mhashilkar, Parag Timm, Steve BE Lin, SC Lin, SC TI ReSS: A Resource Selection Service for the Open Science Grid SO GRID COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Grid Computintg (ISGC 2007) CY MAR 26-29, 2007 CL Acad Sinica, Taipei, TAIWAN HO Acad Sinica DE Resource Selection; large distributed computing; open science grid AB The Open Science Grid offers access to hundreds of computing and storage resources via standard Grid interfaces. Before the deployment of an automated resource selection system, users had to submit jobs directly to these resources. They would manually select a resource and specify all relevant attributes in the job description prior to submitting the job. The necessity of a human intervention in resource selection and attribute specification hinders automated job management components from accessing OSG resources and it is inconvenient for the users. The Resource Selection Service (ReSS) project addresses these shortcomings. The system integrates condor technology, for the core match making service, with the gLite CEMon component, for gathering and publishing resource information in the Glue Schema format. Each one of these components communicates over secure protocols via web services interfaces. The system is currently used in production on OSG by the DZero Experiment, the Engagement Virtual Organization, and the Dark Energy. It is also the resource selection service for the Fermilab Campus Grid, FermiGrid. ReSS is considered a lightweight solution to push-based workload management. This paper describes the architecture, performance, and typical usage of the system. C1 [Garzoglio, Gabriele; Levsbina, Tanya; Mhashilkar, Parag; Timm, Steve] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Pine St,And Kirk Rd, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Garzoglio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Pine St,And Kirk Rd, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM garzogli@fnal.gov; tlevsbina@fnal.gov; parag@fnal.gov; timm@fnal.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-78416-8 PY 2009 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-78417-5_8 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIO43 UT WOS:000261333700008 ER PT J AU Fritz, BG Mendoza, DP Gilmore, TJ AF Fritz, Brad G. Mendoza, Donaldo P. Gilmore, Tyler J. TI Development of an Electronic Seepage Chamber for Extended Use in a River SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; METERS; WATER; VARIABILITY; LAKES; FLUX AB Seepage chambers have been used to characterize the flux of water across the water-sediment interface in a variety of settings. In this work, an electronic seepage chamber was developed specifically for long-term use in a large river where hydraulic gradient reversals occur frequently with river-stage variations. A bidirectional electronic flowmeter coupled with a seepage chamber was used to measure temporal changes in the magnitude and direction of water flux across the water-sediment interface over an 8-week period. The specific discharge measured from the seepage chamber compared favorably with measurements of vertical hydraulic gradient and previous specific discharge calculations. This, as well as other supporting data, demonstrates the effectiveness of the electronic seepage chamber to accurately quantify water flux in two directions over a multimonth period in this setting. The ability to conduct multimonth measurements of water flux at a subhourly frequency in a river system is a critical capability for a seepage chamber in a system where hydraulic gradients change on a daily and seasonal basis. C1 [Fritz, Brad G.; Mendoza, Donaldo P.; Gilmore, Tyler J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fritz, BG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bradley.fritz@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00491.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 390GB UT WOS:000262151200017 PM 18793205 ER PT S AU Zerbs, S Frank, AM Collart, FR AF Zerbs, Sarah Frank, Ashley M. Collart, Frank R. BE Burgess, RR Deutscher, MP TI BACTERIAL SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCTION OF HETEROLOGOUS PROTEINS SO GUIDE TO PROTEIN PURIFICATION, SECOND EDITION SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; LIGATION-INDEPENDENT CLONING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OSMOTIC SHOCK; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS; PERIPLASMIC PROTEINS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; FUSION PROTEINS; RELEASE AB Proteins are the working molecules of all biological systems and participate in a majority of cellular chemical reactions and biological processes. Knowledge of the properties and function of these molecules is central to an understanding of chemical and biological processes. In this context, purified proteins are a starting point for biophysical and biochemical characterization methods that can assist in the elucidation of function. The challenge for production of proteins at the scale and quality required for experimental, therapeutic and commercial applications has led to the development of a diverse set of methods for heterologous protein production. Bacterial expression systems are commonly used for protein production as these systems provide an economical route for protein production and require minimal technical expertise to establish a laboratory protein production system. C1 [Zerbs, Sarah; Frank, Ashley M.; Collart, Frank R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Lemont, IL USA. RP Zerbs, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Lemont, IL USA. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-12-374536-1 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2009 VL 463 BP 149 EP 168 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(09)63012-3 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BMF70 UT WOS:000272201000012 PM 19892172 ER PT S AU Hanson, DA Laitner, JA AF Hanson, Donald A. Laitner, John A. BE Suh, S TI Input-Output Equations Embedded Within Climate and Energy Policy Analysis Models SO HANDBOOK OF INPUT-OUTPUT ECONOMICS IN INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY SE Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TECHNOLOGIES AB In this paper we show how IO equations for sector outputs and prices are used as part of a larger policy analysis modeling system for energy and climate-related studies. The IO framework is particularly useful because it can accommodate the analysis of both price and direct program expenditure impacts. We briefly discuss the advantages of including non-price programs in any serious climate policy or sustainable energy strategy. Further, we contend that the impacts on the economy from a set of price and program expenditure polices can be seen by comparing constructed IO tables for a future year, such as 2030, with and without these polices. We present the All Modular Industry Growth Assessment (AMIGA) modeling system which has the capability to forecast future IO table values. C1 [Hanson, Donald A.] Depaul Univ, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. [Hanson, Donald A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Laitner, John A.] Amer Council Energy Efficient Econ ACEEE, Washington, DC USA. RP Hanson, DA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. EM dhanson@anl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-6970 BN 978-1-4020-4083-2 J9 ECO-EFFIC IND SCI PY 2009 VL 23 BP 417 EP 432 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5737-3 PG 16 WC Ecology; Economics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Political Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics; Engineering; Government & Law GA BKC72 UT WOS:000267765400021 ER PT B AU Kim, HS Schmitz, TL Beckwith, JF AF Kim, Hyo Soo Schmitz, Tony L. Beckwith, John F. BE Halsey, D Raynor, W TI PERIODIC ERROR IN HETERODYNE INTERFEROMETRY: EXAMINATION AND ELIMINATION SO HANDBOOK OF INTERFEROMETERS: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DISPLACEMENT-MEASURING INTERFEROMETER; LASER INTERFEROMETER; REAL-TIME; HOMODYNE INTERFEROMETER; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETERS; OPTICAL INTERFEROMETRY; 2-BEAM INTERFEROMETER; LENGTH MEASUREMENT; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB The purpose of this study is to construct, test, and verify a new heterodyne displacement measuring interferometer design that eliminates the current accuracy limitation imposed by periodic error, which appears as a cyclical oscillation of the measured displacement about the true value during motion. In the new design, the two (heterodyne) frequencies are generated and spatially separated using acousto-optic modulators. By removing the potential for overlap and frequency mixing within the interferometer, periodic error is eliminated. The new concept replaces the traditional method of 'polarization coding', where the two beams (with different frequencies) are initially coincident with orthogonal polarization states and then separated using polarization-dependent optics. Experimental results are presented for two arrangements of the new design at multiple target velocities. Spectral content (collected using an analog spectrum analyzer) is analyzed to verify zero periodic error. These results are compared to data collected using a traditional polarization-coded heterodyne interferometer with variations in the optical alignment to demonstrate different levels of first and second order periodic error. Again, frequency spectrum data are provided. C1 [Kim, Hyo Soo; Schmitz, Tony L.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Beckwith, John F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Schmitz, TL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM tschmitz@ufl.edu NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-050-8 PY 2009 BP 525 EP 555 PG 31 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BNU98 UT WOS:000275620800015 ER PT B AU Watson, A Opresko, D Young, R Hauschild, V King, J Bakshi, K AF Watson, Annetta Opresko, Dennis Young, Robert Hauschild, Veronique King, Joseph Bakshi, Kulbir BE Gupta, RC TI Organophosphate Nerve Agents SO HANDBOOK OF TOXICOLOGY OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEVEL INHALATION EXPOSURE; CHEMICAL-WARFARE AGENTS; SARIN VAPOR; GUINEA-PIGS; LONG-TERM; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITORS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HIPPOCAMPAL SLICES; INDUCED SEIZURES C1 [Watson, Annetta; Opresko, Dennis; Young, Robert] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hauschild, Veronique] US Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Directorate Occupat & Environm Med, Environm Med Program, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [King, Joseph] US Army Environm Command, ATTN IMAE CDW, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. [Bakshi, Kulbir] CNR, Comm Toxicol, Board Environm Studies & Technol, Washington, DC 20418 USA. RP Watson, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 202 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 9780-0-80-92273-7; 978-0-12-374484-5 PY 2009 BP 43 EP 67 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374484-5.00006-7 PG 25 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BFT95 UT WOS:000321306800007 ER PT J AU Young, RA Bast, C AF Young, Robert A. Bast, Cheryl BE Gupta, RC TI Mustards and Vesicants SO HANDBOOK OF TOXICOLOGY OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SULFUR MUSTARD; GAS; TOXICITY; AGENTS; RAT; TOXICOKINETICS; TOXICOLOGY; LEWISITE; NITROGEN; MICE C1 [Young, Robert A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bast, Cheryl] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Young, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 118 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 9780-0-80-92273-7 PY 2009 BP 93 EP 108 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374484-5.00008-0 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BFT95 UT WOS:000321306800009 ER PT J AU Bast, CB Glass, DF AF Bast, Cheryl B. Glass, Dana F. BE Gupta, RC TI Phosgene SO HANDBOOK OF TOXICOLOGY OF CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NOSE-ONLY EXPOSURE; X TIME-DEPENDENCE; INHALATION TOXICITY; INHALED PHOSGENE; LUNG INJURY; RATS C1 [Bast, Cheryl B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Glass, Dana F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Bast, CB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Toxicol & Hazard Assessment Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 9780-0-80-92273-7 PY 2009 BP 321 EP 330 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374484-5.00023-7 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BFT95 UT WOS:000321306800024 ER PT B AU Buchko, GW AF Buchko, Garry W. BE Gault, PM Marler, HJ TI PENTAPEPTIDE REPEAT PROTEINS AND CYANOBACTERIA SO HANDBOOK ON CYANOBACTERIA: BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS SE Bacteriology Research Developments LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DISULFIDE BONDS; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MICROCIN B17; BETA-HELIX; DNA GYRASE; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; INTRINSIC DISORDER AB Cyanobacteria are unique in many ways and one unusual feature is the presence of a suite of proteins that contain at least one domain with a minimum of eight tandem repeated five-residues (Rfr) of the general consensus sequence A[N/D]LXX. The function of such pentapeptide repeat proteins (PRPs) are still unknown, however, their prevalence in cyanobacteria suggests that they may play some role in the unique biological activities of cyanobacteria. As part of an inter-disciplinary Membrane Biology Grand Challenge at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) and Washington University in St. Louis, the genome of Cyanothece 51142 was sequenced and its molecular biology studied with relation to circadian rhythms. The genome of Cyanothece encodes for 35 proteins that contain at least one PRP domain. These proteins range in size from 105 (Cce_3102) to 930 (Cce_2929) amino acids with the PRP domains ranging in predicted size from 12 (Cce_1545) to 62 (cce_3979) tandem pentapeptide repeats. Transcriptomic studies with 29 out of the 35 genes showed that at least three of the PRPs in Cyanothece 51142 (cce_0029, cce_3083, and cce_3272) oscillated with repeated periods of light and dark, further supporting a biological function for PRPs. Using X-ray diffraction crystallography, the structure for two pentapeptide repeat proteins from Cyanothece 51142 were determined, cce_1272 (aka Rfr32) and cce_4529 (aka Rfr23). Analysis of their molecular structures suggests that all PRP may share the same structural motif, a novel type of right-handed quadrilateral beta-helix, or Rfr-fold, reminiscent of a square tower with four distinct faces. Each pentapeptide repeat occupies one face of the Rfr-fold with four consecutive pentapeptide repeats completing a coil that, in turn, stack upon each other to form "protein skyscrapers". Details of the structural features of the Rfr-fold are reviewed here together with a discussion for the possible role of end-to-end aggregation in PRPs. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Buchko, GW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-092-8 J9 BACTERIOL RES DEV PY 2009 BP 233 EP 257 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BLV16 UT WOS:000271127500007 ER PT S AU Barhen, J Imam, N AF Barhen, Jacob Imam, Neena BE Shahbazian, E Rogova, G DeWeert, MJ TI SENSOR DATA PROCESSING FOR TRACKING UNDERWATER THREATS USING TERASCALE OPTICAL CORE DEVICES SO HARBOUR PROTECTION THROUGH DATA FUSION TECHNOLOGIES SE Nato Science for Peace and Security Series C - Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Data Fusion Technologies for Harbour Protection CY JUN 27-JUL 01, 2005 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA SP NATO DE Optical-core processor; sensor net; active sonar; time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA); matched filters; underwater threat localization; underwater threat tracking ID LOCATION; CALIBRATION; DIFFERENCE AB A critical aspect of littoral surveillance (including Poll protection) involves the localization and tracking Of Underwater threats such as manned or unmanned autonomous Underwater vehicles. In this article, we present a methodology for locating Underwater threat sources from Uncertain sensor network data. and illustrate the threat tracking aspects using active sonars in a matched filter Framework. The novelty of the latter paradigm lies in its implementation on a tera-scale optical core processor, EnLight (TM), recently introduced by Lenslet Laboratories. This processor is optimized for array operations, which it performs in a fixed point arithmetic architecture at tera-scale throughput. Using the EnLight (TM) 64 alpha prototype processor, our results (i) illustrate the ability to reach a robust tracking accuracy, and (ii) demonstrate that a considerable speed-up (a factor of over 13,000) can be achieved when compared to an Intel Xeon (TM) processor in the computation of sets of 80K-sample complex Fourier transforms that are associated with our matched filter techniques. C1 [Barhen, Jacob; Imam, Neena] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barhen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8881-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR PY 2009 BP 267 EP 282 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8883-4_32 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science; Remote Sensing; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Remote Sensing; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA BIQ39 UT WOS:000262044900032 ER PT S AU Brennan, S Bengaouer, A Carcassi, M Cerchiara, G Evans, G Friedrich, A Gentilhomme, O Houf, W Kotchurko, A Kotchourko, N Kudriakov, S Makarov, D Molkov, V Papanikolaou, E Pitre, C Royle, M Schefer, R Stern, G Venetsanos, A Veser, A Willoughby, D Yanez, J AF Brennan, S. Bengaouer, A. Carcassi, M. Cerchiara, G. Evans, G. Friedrich, A. Gentilhomme, O. Houf, W. Kotchurko, A. Kotchourko, N. Kudriakov, S. Makarov, D. Molkov, V. Papanikolaou, E. Pitre, C. Royle, M. Schefer, R. Stern, G. Venetsanos, A. Veser, A. Willoughby, D. Yanez, J. GP IChemE TI TOWARDS MINIMISING HAZARDS IN HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL STATIONARY APPLICATIONS: KEY FINDINGS OF MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL WORK IN THE HYPER PROJECT SO HAZARDS XXI: PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SE Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Hazards Symposium - Process Safety and Environmental Protection CY NOV 10-12, 2009 CL Manchester, ENGLAND SP Inst Chem Engineers (N W Branch) ID HIGH-PRESSURE AB There are a number of hazards associated with small stationary hydrogen and fuel cell applications. In order to reduce the hazards of such installations, and provide guidance to installers, consequence analysis of a number of potential accident scenarios has been carried out within the scope of the EC FP6 project HYPER. This paper summarises the modelling and experimental programme in the project and a number of key results are presented. The relevance of these findings to installation permitting guidelines (IPG) for small stationary hydrogen and fuel cell systems is discussed. A key aim of the activities was to generate new scientific data and knowledge in the field of hydrogen safety, and, where possible, use this data as a basis to support the recommendations in the IPG. The structure of the paper mirrors that of the work programme within HYPER in that the work is described in terms of a number of relevant scenarios as follows: 1. high pressure releases, 2. small foreseeable releases, 3. catastrophic releases, and 4. the effects of walls and barriers. Within each scenario the key objectives, activities and results are discussed. The work on high pressure releases sought to provide information for informing safety distances for high-pressure components and associated fuel storage, activities on both ignited and unignited jets are reported. A study on small foreseeable releases, which could potentially be controlled through forced or natural ventilation, is described. The aim of the study was to determine the ventilation requirements in enclosures containing fuel cells, such that in the event of a foreseeable leak, the concentration of hydrogen in air for zone 2 ATEX is not exceeded. The hazard potential of a possibly catastrophic hydrogen leakage inside a fuel cell cabinet was investigated using a generic fuel cell enclosure model. The rupture of the hydrogen feed line inside the enclosure was considered and both dispersion and combustion of the resulting hydrogen air mixture were examined for a range of leak rates, and blockage ratios. Key findings of this study are presented. Finally the scenario on walls and barriers is discussed; a mitigation strategy to potentially reduce the exposure to jet flames is to incorporate barriers around hydrogen storage equipment. Conclusions of experimental and modelling work which aim to provide guidance on configuration and placement of these walls to minimise overall hazards is presented. C1 [Brennan, S.; Makarov, D.; Molkov, V.] Univ Ulster, HySAFER Ctr, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. [Bengaouer, A.] CEA, DEN, DM2S, SFME LTMF, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Carcassi, M.; Cerchiara, G.] Univ Pisa, Dept Mech Nucl & Prod Engn, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Evans, G.; Houf, W.; Schefer, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Friedrich, A.; Kotchourko, N.; Stern, G.; Veser, A.] Pro Sci GmbH, D-76275 Ettlingen, Germany. [Gentilhomme, O.] INERIS, Explos Dispers Unit, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France. [Yanez, J.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IKET, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Papanikolaou, E.; Venetsanos, A.] Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Environm Res Lab, Athens 15310, Greece. [Royle, M.; Willoughby, D.] Hlth & Safety Lab, Buxton SK17 9JN, England. RP Brennan, S (reprint author), Univ Ulster, HySAFER Ctr, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. EM sl.brennan@ulster.ac.uk FU European Commission FX The support of the European Commission through the FP6 STREP HYPER project is greatly appreciated. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI RUGBY PA GEORGE E DAVIS BLDG, 165-171 RAILWAY TERRACE, RUGBY CV21 3HQ, ENGLAND SN 0374-1753 BN 978-0-85295-536-9 J9 INST CHEM E PY 2009 IS 155 BP 399 EP 410 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BAU06 UT WOS:000305517200058 ER PT J AU Poeton, RW Glines, WM McBaugh, D AF Poeton, Richard W. Glines, Wayne M. McBaugh, Debra TI PLANNING FOR THE WORST IN WASHINGTON STATE: INITIAL RESPONSE PLANNING FOR IMPROVISED NUCLEAR DEVICE EXPLOSIONS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE emergencies, radiological; emergency planning; fallout; nuclear weapons AB Since 11 September 2001, improvised nuclear devices have become recognized as an important radiological threat requiring emergency response planning. Although Protective Action Guidance is well established for fixed nuclear facilities, correspondingly well-developed guidance does not exist for nuclear explosions. The Washington State Department of Health has developed preplanned Protective Action Recommendations for improvised nuclear device explosions. These recommendations recognize the need for advice to the public soon after such an event, before significant data are available. They can be used before significant outside support is available locally, and reference observable effects so people can use them if communications were disabled. The recommendations focus on early actions (24-48 h) and place priority on actions to avoid deterministic health effects due to residual fallout. Specific emphasis is placed on determining recommendations for evacuation, as well as the extent of the area for sheltering. The key recommendations developed for an initial public response are: (1) if there is ready access to robust shelter such as an underground basement or interior spaces in a multi-story structure, immediate sheltering in these areas is the best action, regardless of location; (2) if robust shelter is not available, and if fallout is observed in the area, then evacuation is the best general recommendation for locations within 16 km (10 miles) of the explosion; and (3) beyond 16 km (10 miles), the generally recommended protective action is to shelter in the best-protected location which is readily available. C1 [McBaugh, Debra] Dept Hlth, Off Radiat Protect, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Glines, Wayne M.] US DOE, Richland Operat Off, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Poeton, Richard W.] US EPA, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP McBaugh, D (reprint author), Dept Hlth, Off Radiat Protect, POB 47827, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM debra.mcbaugh@doh.wa.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 96 IS 1 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000326329.89953.5c PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 384CI UT WOS:000261721500004 PM 19066483 ER PT J AU Haji-Sheikh, A Beck, J Amos, D AF Haji-Sheikh, A. Beck, J. V. Amos, Donald E. TI Axial heat conduction effects in the entrance region of circular ducts SO HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPING FORCED-CONVECTION; EXTENDED GRAETZ PROBLEM; PARALLEL PLATES; POROUS-MEDIUM; TEMPERATURE; FLOW; MICROCHANNELS; PASSAGES; CHANNEL; WALLS AB This paper describes the transport of thermal energy within a small distance after an abrupt wall temperature change in a circular duct. In general, the axial conduction becomes significant when the Peclet number is small. The results indicate that the inclusion of axial conduction in the fluid substantially increases the wall heat flux at near the thermal inlet location. The exact series solution leads to a modified Graetz type problem. This exact solution is augmented by an asymptotic solution describing the wall heat flux near the thermal entrance location. C1 [Haji-Sheikh, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Beck, J. V.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Amos, Donald E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haji-Sheikh, A (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM haji@uta.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-7411 J9 HEAT MASS TRANSFER JI Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1007/s00231-008-0432-2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 376IZ UT WOS:000261178600008 ER PT J AU D'Aleo, A Xu, JD Do, K Muller, G Raymond, KN AF D'Aleo, Anthony Xu, Jide Do, King Muller, Gilles Raymond, Kenneth N. TI A [Cyclentetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis[2-hydroxybenzamide] Ligand That Complexes and Sensitizes Lanthanide(III) Ions SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED LUMINESCENCE; NEAR-IR LUMINESCENCE; POLYMER WAVE-GUIDES; HIGHLY LUMINESCENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EXCITED-STATES; YTTERBIUM; EMISSION; EU(III); EU3+ AB The synthesis of the cyclen derivative H(4)L(1)center dot 2HBr containing four 2-hydroxybenzamide groups is described. The spectroscopic properties of the Ln(III) conplexes of L(1) (Ln = Gd, Tb, Yb, and Eu) reveal changes of the UV/VIS-absorption, circular-dichroism-absorption, luminescence, and circularly polarized luminescence spectra. It is shown that at least two metal-complex species are present in solution, whose relative amounts are pH dependent. At pH > 8.0, an intense long-lived emission is observed (for [TbL(1)] and [YbL(1)]), while at pH < 8.0, a weaker, shorter-lived species predominates. Unconventional Ln(III) emitters (Pr, Nd, Sm, Dy, and Tm) were sensitized in basic solution, both in the VIS and in the near-IR, to measure the emission of these ions. C1 [D'Aleo, Anthony; Xu, Jide; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [D'Aleo, Anthony; Xu, Jide; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Do, King; Muller, Gilles] San Jose State Univ, Dept Chem, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu FU NIH [HL69832, 2 S06 GM008192-27]; U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Henry Dreyfus Teacher Scholar Award FX This work was partially supported by the NIH (Grant HL69832) and supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This technology is licensed to Lumiphore, Inc. in which some of the authors have a financial interest. G. M. thanks the National Institute of Health, Minority Biomedical Research Support (2 S06 GM008192-27) and the Henry Dreyfus Teacher Scholar Award for financial support. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2009 VL 92 IS 11 BP 2439 EP 2460 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 528HM UT WOS:000272434000022 PM 20161476 ER PT J AU Dahari, H Shudo, E Ribeiro, RM Perelson, AS AF Dahari, Harel Shudo, Emi Ribeiro, Ruy M. Perelson, Alan S. TI Modeling Complex Decay Profiles of Hepatitis B Virus During Antiviral Therapy SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRAL DYNAMICS; COMBINATION THERAPY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HBV INFECTION; IN-VIVO; CLEARANCE; CELLS; LAMIVUDINE; KINETICS; EFFICACY AB Typically, hepatitis B virus (HBV) decays in patients under therapy in a biphasic manner. However, more complex decay profiles of HBV DNA (e.g., flat partial response, triphasic, and stepwise), for which we have no clear understanding, have also been observed in some treated patients. We recently introduced the notion of a critical drug efficacy, epsilon(c), such that if overall drug efficacy, epsilon(tot), is higher than the critical drug efficacy (i.e., epsilon(tot) > epsilon(c)) then viral levels will continually decline on therapy, while if epsilon(tot), < epsilon(c), then viral loads will initially decline but will ultimately stabilize at a new set point, as seen in flat partial responders. Using the idea of critical efficacy and including hepatocyte proliferation in a viral kinetic model, we can account for these complex HBV DNA decay profiles. The model predicts that complex profiles such as those exhibiting a plateau or shoulder phase, as well as a class of stepwise declines, occur only in patients in whom the majority of hepatocytes are infected before therapy. Conclusion: We show via kinetic modeling how a variety of HBV DNA decay profiles can arise in treated patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2009;49:32-38.) C1 [Shudo, Emi; Ribeiro, Ruy M.; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dahari, Harel] Univ Illinois, Dept Med, Chicago, IL USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710,T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DF-AC52-06NA25396]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [RR06555]; NIH [P20-RR18754]; University of Illinois Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (UIC GILD) Association FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DF-AC52-06NA25396; National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant RR06555 (to A.S.P); NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) grant P20-RR18754 (to R.M.R and H.D.); and the University of Illinois Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease (UIC GILD) Association (to H.D.). NR 31 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD JAN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 1 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1002/hep.22586 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 389WX UT WOS:000262127400007 PM 19065674 ER PT S AU Smith, AW AF Smith, A. W. CA VERITAS Collaboration BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Multi-wavelength Observations of LS I+61 303 with VERITAS, Swift and RXTE: 2006-2008 SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE gamma rays: observations; X-Rays: binaries; X-Rays: individual (LS I+61 303) ID X-RAY-SPECTRUM; BINARY; LSI+61-DEGREES-303; +61-DEGREES-303 AB A long term, multi-wavelength monitoring campaign on the TeV binary LS I +61 303 has been performed utilizing >300 GeV observations with VERITAS along with monitoring in the 0.2-10 keV band by RXTE and Swift between September 2006 and February 2008. The source was detected by VERITAS as a variable TeV source with flux values ranging from 5-20% of the Crab Nebula flux with the strongest flux levels appearing around apastron. X-ray observations by RXTE and Swift show the source as a highly variable hard X-ray source with flux values varying in the range of 0.5-3 x 10(-11) ergs cm(-2)s(-1) over a single orbital cycle. The 2007-2008 RXTE data set also shows the presence of several extremely large flaring episodes presenting a flux of up to 7.2 x 10(-11) ergs cm(-2)s(-1), the largest such flare recorded from this source. Comparison of the contemporaneous TeV and X-ray data does not show a correlation at this time, however, the sparsity of data sets do not preclude the existence of such a correlation. C1 [Smith, A. W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Labs, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, AW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Labs, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM awsmith@anl.go NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 261 EP 264 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300038 ER PT S AU Liu, SM Fan, ZH Fryer, CL AF Liu, Siming Fan, Zhong-Hui Fryer, Christopher L. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Stochastic Electron Acceleration in Shell-Type Supernova Remnants II SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE acceleration of particles; MHD; plasmas; shock waves; turbulence ID TURBULENCE AB We discuss the generic characteristics of stochastic particle acceleration by a fully developed turbulence spectrum and show that resonant interactions of particles with high speed waves dominate the acceleration process. To produce the relativistic electrons inferred from the broadband spectrum of a few well-observed sbell-type supernova remnants in the leptonic scenario for the TeV emission, fast mode waves must be excited effectively in the downstream and dominate the turbulence in the subsonic phase. Strong collisionless non-relativistic astrophysical shocks are studied with the assumption of a constant Aflven speed. The energy density of non-thermal electrons is found to be comparable to that of the magnetic field. With reasonable parameters, the model explains observations of shell-type supernova remnants. More detailed studies are warranted to better understand the nature of supernova shocks. C1 [Liu, Siming; Fryer, Christopher L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fan, Zhong-Hui] Yunnan Univ, Dept Phys, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhfan@ihep.ac.cn RI liu, siming/B-5389-2011 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 344 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300059 ER PT S AU Sato, R Kataoka, J Takahashi, T Medejski, GM Rugamer, S Wagner, SJ AF Sato, R. Kataoka, J. Takahashi, T. Medejski, G. M. Ruegamer, S. Wagner, S. J. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Suzaku observation of TeV blazar the 1ES 1218+304: clues on particle acceleration in an extreme TeV blazar SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 1218+304) ID X-RAY-DETECTOR; BOARD SUZAKU; PKS 2155-304; VARIABILITY; EMISSION AB We observed the TeV blazar 1ES 1218+304 with the X-ray astronomy satellite Suzaku in May 2006. At the beginning of the two-day continuous observation, we detected a large flare in which the 5-10 keV flux changed by a factor of similar to 2 on a timescale of 5 x 10(4) s. During the flare, the increase in the hard X-ray flux clearly lagged behind that observed in the soft X-rays, with the maximum lag of 2.3X10(4) s observed between the 0.3-1 keV and 5-10 keV bands, Furthermore we discovered that the temporal profile of the flare clearly changes with energy, being more symmetric at higher energies. From the spectral fitting of multi-wavelength data assuming a one-zone, homogeneous synchrotron self-Compton model, we obtain a magnetic field strength B similar to 0.047 G, an emission region size R = 3.0 x 10(16) cm for an appropriate beaming with a Doppler factor of delta = 20. This value of B is in good agreement with an independent estimate through the model fit to the observed time lag ascribing the energy-dependent variability to differential acceleration timescale of relativistic electrons provided that the gyro-factor xi is 10(5). C1 [Sato, R.; Takahashi, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Kataoka, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo, 1528551, Japan. [Medejski, G. M.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ruegamer, S.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. [Wagner, S. J.] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Sato, R (reprint author), Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 447 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300084 ER PT S AU Schroedter, M Krennrich, F LeBohec, S Falcone, A Fegan, S Horan, D Kildea, J Toner, J Weekes, T AF Schroedter, M. Krennrich, F. LeBohec, S. Falcone, A. Fegan, S. Horan, D. Kildea, J. Toner, J. Weekes, T. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Search for Primordial Black Holes with SGARFACE SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE Primordial Black holes: general; Gamma rays: bursts; Techniques: air-Cherenkov ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; COSMIC-RAYS AB The Short GAmma Ray Front Air-Cherenkov Experiment (SGARFACE) uses the Whipple 10 m telescope to search for bursts of gamma rays. Bursts can be detected on time scales; from a few ns to 20 !s and with gamma-ray energy above 100 MeV. SGARFACE began operating in March 2003 and has acquired 2.2 million events since. A search for explosions of primordial black holes (PBH) was carried out using the recorded time-resolved images. No unambiguous burst detection could be made due to background events produced by cosmic rays, Upper limits on the PBH explosion rare are presented and compared to other experiments. C1 [Schroedter, M.; Krennrich, F.; Falcone, A.; Toner, J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [LeBohec, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Fegan, S.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Phys & Astron Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Horan, D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kildea, J.; Weekes, T.] FLWO, Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Kildea, J.; Weekes, T.] Univ Ireland, Experimental Phys Dept, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Schroedter, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 701 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300150 ER PT S AU Maier, G Buckley, J Bugaev, V Fegan, S Funk, S Konopelko, A Vassiliev, VV AF Maier, G. Buckley, J. Bugaev, V. Fegan, S. Funk, S. Konopelko, A. Vassiliev, V. V. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI The Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System (AGIS) - Simulation Studies SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes; AGIS AB The Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System (AGIS) is a US-led concept for a next-generation instrument in ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. The most important design requirement for AGIS is a sensitivity of about 10 times greater than current observatories like Veritas, H.E.S.S or MAGIC. We present results of simulation studies of various possible designs for AGIS. The primary characteristics of the array performance, collecting area, angular resolution, background rejection, and sensitivity are discussed. C1 [Maier, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Buckley, J.; Bugaev, V.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Fegan, S.; Vassiliev, V. V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Funk, S.] SLAC, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Konopelko, A.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. RP Maier, G (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM maierg@physics.mcgill.ca OI Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 FU U.S. DOE [DEFG0391ER40628] FX J. Buckley acknowledge supprt U.S. DOE grant DEFG0391ER40628. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 862 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300187 ER PT S AU Otte, AN Byrum, K Drake, G Falcone, A Funk, S Horan, D Mukherjee, R Smith, A Tajima, H Wagner, RG Williams, DA AF Otte, A. N. Byrum, K. Drake, G. Falcone, A. Funk, S. Horan, D. Mukherjee, R. Smith, A. Tajima, H. Wagner, R. G. Williams, D. A. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI Focal Plane Detectors for the Advanced Gamma-Ray Imaging System (AGIS) SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE AGIS; photon detector; MAPMT; SiPM; G-APD; Cherenkov telescope AB The Advanced Gamma-Ray Imaging System (AGIS) is a concept for the next generation observatory in ground-based very high energy gamma-ray astronomy. Design goals are ten times better sensitivity, higher angular resolution, and a lower energy threshold than existing Cherenkov telescopes. Simulations show that a substantial improvement in angular resolution may be achieved if the pixel diameter is reduced to the order of 0.05 deg, i.e. two to three times smaller than the pixel diameter of current Cherenkov telescope cameras. At these dimensions, photon detectors with smaller physical dimensions can be attractive alternatives to the classical photomultiplier tube (PMT). Furthermore, the operation of an experiment with the size of AGIS requires photon detectors that are among other things more reliable, more durable, and possibly higher efficiency photon detectors. Alternative photon detectors we are considering for AGIS include both silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and multi-anode photomultipliers (MAPMTs). Here we present results from laboratory testing of MAPMTs and SiPMs along with results from the first incorporation of these devices into cameras on test bed Cherenkov telescopes. C1 [Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Byrum, K.; Drake, G.; Horan, D.; Smith, A.; Wagner, R. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Falcone, A.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Funk, S.; Tajima, H.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Mukherjee, R.] Barnard Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Otte, AN (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. OI Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 866 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300188 ER PT S AU Krennrich, F Anderson, J Buckley, J Byrum, K Dawson, J Drake, G Haberichter, W Imran, A Krawczynski, H Kreps, A Schroedter, A Smith, A AF Krennrich, F. Anderson, J. Buckley, J. Byrum, K. Dawson, J. Drake, G. Haberichter, W. Imran, A. Krawczynski, H. Kreps, A. Schroedter, A. Smith, A. BE Aharonian, FA Hofmann, W Rieger, FM TI A Topological Array Trigger for AGIS, the Advanced Gamma ray Imaging System SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUL 07-AUG 11, 2008 CL Heidelberg, GERMANY SP Max Planck Soc, German Fed Minist Educ & Res, ISEG, PHOTONICS Co DE Stereoscopic array trigger; future generation instruments; AGIS AB Next generation ground based gamma-ray observatories such as AGIS(1) and CTA(2) are expected to cover a 1 km(2) area with 50 - 100 imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The stereoscopic view of air showers using multiple view points raises the possibility to use a topological array trigger that adds substantial flexibility, new background suppression capabilities and a reduced energy threshold. In this paper we report on the concept and technical implementation of a fast topological trigger system, that makes use of real time image processing of individual camera patterns and their combination in a stereoscopic array analysis. A prototype system is currently under construction and we discuss the design and hardware of this topological array trigger system. C1 [Krennrich, F.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Anderson, J.; Byrum, K.; Dawson, J.; Drake, G.; Kreps, A.; Smith, A.] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Phys Div, Argonne, IL 64039 USA. [Buckley, J.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Schroedter, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Krennrich, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU Iowa State University; Department of Energy through the Advanced De-tector Research program [DEFG0207ER41497]; Argonne National Labora-tory through the LDRD program FX FK acknowledges support by Iowa State University and the Department of Energy through the Advanced De-tector Research program (DEFG0207ER41497). KB ac-knowledges the support from Argonne National Labora-tory through the LDRD program. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0616-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1085 BP 894 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BIX29 UT WOS:000263556300195 ER PT J AU Ko, YH Kim, KJ Han, CK Petrovic, C Hu, RW Lee, HH Lee, Y AF Ko, Y. H. Kim, K. J. Han, C. K. Petrovic, C. Hu, Rongwei Lee, H. H. Lee, Y. TI Pressure-volume equation of state of FeAu and FePt SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE equation of state; diamond anvil cell; FeAu; FePt ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; BULK ALLOYS; COMPRESSIBILITY; TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLES; CALIBRATION AB X-ray diffraction patterns of FeAu and FePt have been measured at pressures up to 55GPa with good signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution using synchrotron radiation. Rietveld analysis has been performed. The structure of FeAu is cubic in space group Fm3m with a lattice parameter a=3.9634 +/- 0.0012 angstrom.A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fit to the experimental data yields V0=62.26 +/- 0.05 angstrom 3, with a B0 of 180.6 +/- 4.7GPa and [image omitted]. The structure of FePt is tetragonal in space group P4/mmm with lattice parameters a=b=2.6748 +/- 0.0005 angstrom and c=3.7375 +/- 0.0008 angstrom.A third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fit to the experimental data yields V0=26.74 +/- 0.01 angstrom 3, with a B0 of 264.1 +/- 9.8GPa and [image omitted]. C1 [Petrovic, C.; Hu, Rongwei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ko, Y. H.; Kim, K. J.; Han, C. K.] Agcy Def Dev, Taejon 305600, South Korea. [Hu, Rongwei] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Lee, H. H.] Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. [Lee, Y.] Yonsei Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Ko, YH (reprint author), Agcy Def Dev, Taejon 305600, South Korea. EM yhko@add.re.kr; yongjae@yonsei.ac.kr RI Hu, Rongwei/E-7128-2012; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881; NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2009 VL 29 IS 4 BP 800 EP 805 AR PII 916562422 DI 10.1080/08957950903335513 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 557NI UT WOS:000274675700056 ER PT J AU Stapp, DC AF Stapp, Darby C. TI An Interview with Roderick Sprague SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stapp, DC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 15245 SHADY GROVE RD, STE 130, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2009 VL 43 IS 2 BP 135 EP 149 PG 15 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA 450SF UT WOS:000266420400010 ER PT B AU Sotomayor, B Montero, RS Llorente, IM Foster, I AF Sotomayor, Borja Santiago Montero, Ruben Martin Llorente, Ignacio Foster, Ian GP IEEE TI Resource Leasing and the Art of Suspending Virtual Machines SO HPCC: 2009 11TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications CY JUN 25-27, 2009 CL Korea Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE HO Korea Univ AB Using virtual machines as a resource provisioning mechanism offers multiple benefits, most recently exploited by "infrastructure-as-a-service " clouds, but also poses several scheduling challenges. More specifically, although we can use the suspend/resume/migrate capability of virtual machines to support advance reservation of resources efficiently, by using suspension/resumption as a preemption mechanism, this requires adequately modeling the time and resources consumed by these operations to ensure that preemptions are completed before the start of a reservation. In this work we present a model for predicting various run-time overheads involved in using virtual machines, allowing us to efficiently support advance reservations. We extend our lease management software, Haizea, to use this new model in its scheduling decisions, and we use Haizea with the OpenNebula virtual infrastructure manager so the scheduling decisions will be enacted in a Xen cluster. We present both physical and simulated experimental results showing the degree of accuracy of our model and the long-term effects of variables in our model on several workloads. C1 [Sotomayor, Borja] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Santiago Montero, Ruben; Martin Llorente, Ignacio] Univ Complutense Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Sotomayor, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM borja@cs.uchicago.edu; rubensm@dacya.ucm.es; llorente@dacya.ucm.es; foster@mcs.anl.gov RI Martin Llorente, Ignacio/B-2093-2009; Montero, Ruben/C-5346-2008 OI Martin Llorente, Ignacio/0000-0001-6230-8180; Montero, Ruben/0000-0003-2591-1719 FU Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); Fondo Social Europeo (FSE), through BIOGRIDNET Research Program [S-0505/TIC/000101]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, and through the research [TIN2006-02806]; European Union through the research grant RESERVOIR [215605]; RESERVOIR; University of Chicago, and the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02- 06CH11357]; NSF [509408] FX We gratefully acknowledge the hard work of the OpenNebula developers Javier Fontan and Tino Vazquez. Development of OpenNebula is supported by Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Madrid, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and Fondo Social Europeo (FSE), through BIOGRIDNET Research Program S-0505/TIC/000101, by Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, and through the research grant TIN2006-02806, and by the European Union through the research grant RESERVOIR Grant Number 215605. Development of Haizea is supported by RESERVOIR, the University of Chicago, and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02- 06CH11357. Early work on Haizea was done in collaboration with Dr. Kate Keahey (Argonne National Laboratory) and funded by NSF grant #509408 Virtual Playgrounds. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4600-1 PY 2009 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1109/HPCC.2009.17 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BMY62 UT WOS:000273922400008 ER PT S AU Derr, K Manic, M AF Derr, Kurt Manic, Milos GP IEEE TI Multi-Robot, Multi-Target Particle Swarm Optimization Search in Noisy Wireless Environments SO HSI: 2009 2ND CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS SE Conference on Human System Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions CY MAY 21-23, 2009 CL Catania, ITALY SP Univ Catania, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Univ Informat Technol & Management, ST, iconics, Schneider DE fitness; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO); Received Signal Strength (RSS); wireless ID EXPLORATION; ROBOTS AB Multiple small robots (swarms) can work together using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to perform tasks that are difficult or impossible for a single robot to accomplish. The problem considered in this paper is exploration of an unknown environment with the goal of finding a target(s) at an unknown location(s) using multiple small mobile robots. This work demonstrates the use of a distributed PSO algorithm with a novel adaptive RSS weighting factor to guide robots for locating target(s) in high risk environments. The approach was developed and analyzed on multiple robot single and multiple target search. The approach was further enhanced by the multi-robot-multi-target search in noisy environments. The experimental results demonstrated how the availability of radio frequency signal can significantly affect robot search time to reach a target. C1 [Derr, Kurt] Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Derr, K (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Freemont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM derr5843@uidaho.edu; misko@ieee.org NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-2246 BN 978-1-4244-3959-1 J9 C HUM SYST INTERACT PY 2009 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BMY60 UT WOS:000273919200015 ER PT B AU McQueen, MA Boyer, WF AF McQueen, Miles A. Boyer, Wayne F. GP IEEE TI Deception used for Cyber Defense of Control Systems SO HSI: 2009 2ND CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS SE Conference on Human System Interactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions CY MAY 21-23, 2009 CL Catania, ITALY SP Univ Catania, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, ieo, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Univ Informat Technol & Management, ST, iconics, Schneider DE Control Systems; Cyber Security; Deception AB Control system cyber security defense mechanisms may employ deception in human system interactions to make it more difficult for attackers to plan and execute successful attacks. These deceptive defense mechanisms are organized and initially explored according to a specific deception taxonomy and the seven abstract dimensions of security previously proposed as a framework for the cyber security or control systems. C1 [McQueen, Miles A.; Boyer, Wayne F.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP McQueen, MA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3959-1 J9 C HUM SYST INTERACT PY 2009 BP 621 EP 628 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BMY60 UT WOS:000273919200107 ER PT S AU Rieger, CG Gertman, DI McQueen, MA AF Rieger, Craig G. Gertman, David I. McQueen, Miles. A. GP IEEE TI Resilient Control Systems: Next Generation Design Research SO HSI: 2009 2ND CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS SE Conference on Human System Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions CY MAY 21-23, 2009 CL Catania, ITALY SP Univ Catania, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Univ Informat Technol & Management, ST, iconics, Schneider DE resilience; control systems; complex networks; cyber security; data fusion AB Since digital control systems were introduced to the market more than 30 years ago, the operational efficiency and. stability gained through their use have fueled our migration and ultimate dependence on them for the monitoring and control of critical infrastructure. While these systems have been designed for functionality and reliability, a hostile cyber environment and uncertainties in complex networks and human interactions have placed additional parameters on the design expectations for control systems. C1 [Rieger, Craig G.; Gertman, David I.; McQueen, Miles. A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Rieger, CG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-2246 BN 978-1-4244-3959-1 J9 C HUM SYST INTERACT PY 2009 BP 629 EP 638 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BMY60 UT WOS:000273919200108 ER PT B AU Gertman, DI AF Gertman, David I. GP IEEE TI Human Factors and Data Fusion as Part of Control Systems Resilience SO HSI: 2009 2ND CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS SE Conference on Human System Interactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions CY MAY 21-23, 2009 CL Catania, ITALY SP Univ Catania, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, ieo, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Univ Informat Technol & Management, ST, iconics, Schneider DE Cognition; control systems; data fusion; human factors; human reliability; resilience; state awareness ID MODELS AB Human performance and human decision making is counted upon as a crucial aspect of overall system resilience. Advanced control systems have the potential to provide operators and asset owners a wide range of data, deployed at different levels that can be used to support operator situation awareness. However, the sheer amount of data available can make it challenging for operators to assimilate information and respond appropriately. This paper reviews some of the challenges and issues associated with providing operators with actionable state awareness through data fusion and argues for the over arching importance of integrating human factors as part of intelligent control systems design and implementation. Human factors methods are proposed as a means by which to improve system performance, resilience, and safety. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Gertman, DI (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3959-1 J9 C HUM SYST INTERACT PY 2009 BP 639 EP 644 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BMY60 UT WOS:000273919200109 ER PT S AU Nichol, CI Manic, M AF Nichol, Corrie I. Manic, Milos GP IEEE TI Video Game Device Haptic Interface for Robotic Arc Welding SO HSI: 2009 2ND CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS SE Conference on Human System Interaction LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Human System Interactions CY MAY 21-23, 2009 CL Catania, ITALY SP Univ Catania, Dept Comp Engn & Telecommun, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Univ Informat Technol & Management, ST, iconics, Schneider DE Robot tactile systems; Robots; Ergonomics; Haptics ID TELEOPERATION AB Recent advances in technology for video games have made a broad array of haptic feedback devices available at low cost. This paper presents a bi-manual haptic system to enable an operator to weld remotely using a commercially available haptic feedback video game device for the user interface. The system showed good performance in initial tests, demonstrating the utility of low cost input devices for remote haptic operations. C1 [Nichol, Corrie I.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho Idaho Falls, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Nichol, CI (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM corrie.nichol@inl.gov; misko@ieee.org FU INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX Work supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-2246 BN 978-1-4244-3959-1 J9 C HUM SYST INTERACT PY 2009 BP 645 EP 650 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BMY60 UT WOS:000273919200110 ER PT B AU Brown, AL Bixler, NE AF Brown, Alexander L. Bixler, Nathan E. GP ASME TI PLUME RISE CALCULATIONS USING A CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH AND THE DAMPED SPRING OSCILLATOR ANALOGY SO HT2008: PROCEEDING OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID BUOYANT TURBULENT PLUMES; ENTRAINMENT; THERMALS; LAYER AB The PUFF code was originally written and designed to calculate the rise of a large detonation or deflagration non-continuous plume (puff) in the atmosphere. It is based on a buoyant spherical control volume approximation. The theory for the model is updated and presented. The model has been observed to result in what are believed to be unrealistic plume elevation oscillations as the plume approaches the terminal elevation. Recognizing a similarity between the equations for a classical damped spring oscillator and the present model, the plume rise model can be analyzed by evaluating equivalent spring constants and damping functions. Such an analysis suggests a buoyant plume in the atmosphere is significantly under-damped, explaining the occurrence of the oscillations in the model. Based on lessons learned from the analogy evaluations and guided by comparisons with early plume rise data, a set of assumptions is proposed to address the excessive oscillations found in the predicted plume near the terminal elevation, and to improve the robustness of the predictions. This is done while retaining the basic context of the present model formulation. The propriety of the present formulation is evaluated. The revised model fits the vast majority of the existing data to +/- 25%, which is considered reasonable given the present model form. Further validation efforts would be advisable, but are impeded by a lack of quality existing datasets. C1 [Brown, Alexander L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Fire & Aerosol Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4849-4 PY 2009 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJF84 UT WOS:000265480000006 ER PT B AU Wemhoff, AP Becker, R Burnham, AK AF Wemhoff, Aaron P. Becker, Richard Burnham, Alan K. GP ASME TI CALIBRATION OF CHEMICAL KINETIC MODELS USING SIMULATIONS OF SMALL-SCALE COOKOFF EXPERIMENTS SO HT2008: PROCEEDING OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; TNT; SOLIDIFICATION; EXPLOSIVES AB Establishing safe handling limits for explosives in elevated temperature environments is a difficult problem that often requires extensive simulation. The largest influence on predicting thermal cookoff safety lies in the chemical kinetic model used in these simulations, and these kinetic model reaction sequences often contain multiple steps. Several small-scale cookoff experiments, notably Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), One-Dimensional Time-to-Explosion (ODTX), and the Scaled Thermal Explosion (STEX) have been performed on various explosives to aid in cookoff behavior determination. Past work has used a single test from this group to create a cookoff model, which does not guarantee agreement with the other experiments. In this study, we update the kinetic parameters of an existing model for the common explosive 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) using DSC and ODTX experimental data at the same time by minimizing a global Figure of Merit based on hydrodynamic simulated data. We then show that the new kinetic model maintains STEX agreement, reduces DSC agreement, and improves ODTX and TGA agreement when compared to the original model. In addition, we describe a means to use implicit hydrodynamic simulations of DSC experiments to develop a reaction model for TNT melting. C1 [Wemhoff, Aaron P.; Becker, Richard; Burnham, Alan K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wemhoff, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wemhoff2@llnl.gov RI Becker, Richard/I-1196-2013 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4849-4 PY 2009 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJF84 UT WOS:000265480000012 ER PT B AU Noble, CR Wemhoff, AP McMichael, LD AF Noble, Charles R. Wemhoff, Aaron P. McMichael, Larry D. GP ASME TI THERMAL-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE MACARTHUR MAZE FREEWAY COLLAPSE SO HT2008: PROCEEDING OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div AB At approximately 3:41 AM on the morning of April 29, 2007, a tractor-trailer rig carrying 8,600 gallons (32.6 m(3)) of fuel overturned on Interstate 880 in Oakland, CA. The resultant fire weakened the surrounding steel superstructure and caused a 50-yard (45.7 m) long section of the above connecting ramp from Interstate 80 to Interstate 580 to fail in approximately 18 minutes. In this study, we performed a loosely-coupled thermal-structural finite element analysis of the freeway using the LLNL Engineering codes NIKE3D, DYNA3D and TOPAZ3D. First, we applied an implicit structural code to statically initialize the stresses and displacements in the roadway at ambient conditions due to gravity loading. Next, we performed a thermal analysis by approximating the tanker fire as a moving box region of uniform temperature. This approach allowed for feasible calculation of the fire-to-structure radiative view factors and convective heat transport. We used a mass scaling methodology in the thermal analysis to reduce the overall simulation time so an explicit structural analysis could be used, which provided a more computationally efficient simulation of structural failure. Our approach showed structural failure of both spans due to thermal softening under gravity loading at approximately 20 minutes for a fixed fire temperature of 1200 degrees C and fixed thermal properties. When temperature-dependent thermal properties were applied, the south and north spans collapsed at approximately 10 minutes and 16 minutes, respectively Finally, we performed a preliminary fully-coupled analysis of the system using the new LLNL implicit multi-mechanics code Diablo. Our investigation shows that our approach provides a reasonable first-order analysis of the system, but improved modeling of the transport properties and the girder-box beam connections is required for more accurate predictions. C1 [Noble, Charles R.; Wemhoff, Aaron P.; McMichael, Larry D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Noble, CR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noble9@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4849-4 PY 2009 BP 511 EP 519 DI 10.1115/HT2008-56109 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJF84 UT WOS:000265480000058 ER PT B AU Lee, SY Bollinger, JS Garrett, AJ Koffman, LD AF Lee, Si Y. Bollinger, James S. Garrett, Alfred J. Koffman, Larry D. GP ASME TI CFD MODELING ANALYSIS OF MECHANICAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER SO HT2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div DE Cooling Tower; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Heat Transfer; Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower AB Industrial processes use mechanical draft cooling towers (MDCT's) to dissipate waste heat by transferring heat from water to air via evaporative cooling, which causes air humidification. The Savannah River Site (SRS) has a MDCT consisting of four independent compartments called cells. Each cell has its own fan to help maximize heat transfer between ambient air and circulated water. The primary objective of the work is to conduct a parametric study for cooling tower performance under different fan speeds and ambient air conditions. The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to achieve the objective. The model uses three-dimensional momentum, energy, continuity equations, air-vapor species balance equation, and two-equation turbulence as the basic governing equations. It was assumed that vapor phase is always transported by the continuous air phase with no slip velocity. In this case, water droplet component was considered as discrete phase for the interfacial heat and mass transfer via Lagrangian approach. Thus, the air-vapor mixture model with discrete water droplet phase is used for the analysis. A series of the modeling calculations was performed to investigate the impact of ambient and operating conditions on the thermal performance of the cooling tower when fans were operating and when they were turned off. The model was benchmarked against the literature data and the SRS test results for key parameters such as air temperature and humidity at the lower exit and water temperature for given ambient conditions. Detailed modeling and test results will be presented here. C1 [Lee, Si Y.; Bollinger, James S.; Garrett, Alfred J.; Koffman, Larry D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah, GA USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah, GA USA. EM si.lee@srnl.doe.gov; james02.bollinger@srnl.doe.gov; alfred.garrett@srnl.doe.gov; larry.koffman@srnl.doe.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4848-7 PY 2009 BP 485 EP 493 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BJG39 UT WOS:000265637100055 ER PT B AU Brown, AL Yoon, SS Jepsen, RA AF Brown, Alexander L. Yoon, Sam S. Jepsen, Richard A. GP ASME TI PHENOMENON IDENTIFICATION AND RANKING EXERCISE AND A REVIEW OF LARGE-SCALE SPRAY MODELING TECHNOLOGY SO HT2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY AUG 10-14, 2008 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID LIQUID-DROP IMPACT; SOLID-SURFACES; HOMOGENEOUS NUCLEATION; SUPERSATURATED VAPOR; FINGERING PATTERN; ENTRAPMENT; COLLISIONS; TURBULENCE; WALLS; FLAT AB We are engaged in efforts to model spray phenomena. Applications of principal interest include the high-speed impact of large vessels of fuel and the Subsequent fire. fire suppression, solid propellant fires, pressurized pipe or tank rupture, and tire propagation for cascading liquid fuels. To help guide research and development efforts geared towards designing an appropriate spray modeling capability, a Phenomenon Identification and Ranking exercise was conducted. The summarized results of the exercise in tabular format, a Phenomenon Identification and Ranking Table (DIRT), are presented. The table forms the context for a textual literature review of the existing state of knowledge for modeling applications of interest. This exercise highlights some of the shortcomings in existing tools and knowledge, and suggests productive research activities that can help advance the modeling capabilities for the desired applications. Notable needs exist for research in high Weber number particle-surface impacts, particle collisions, multi-physics couplings, and low void fraction multi-phase coupling. C1 [Brown, Alexander L.; Jepsen, Richard A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4848-7 PY 2009 BP 569 EP 579 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA BJG39 UT WOS:000265637100065 ER PT B AU Dedrick, DE Kanouff, MP Larson, RS Johnson, TA Jorgensen, SW AF Dedrick, Daniel E. Kanouff, Michael P. Larson, Richard S. Johnson, Terry A. Jorgensen, Scott W. GP ASME TI HEAT AND MASS TRANSPORT IN METAL HYDRIDE BASED HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div DE hydrogen storage systems; complex metal hydrides; sodium alanates; reactive porous media; thermal conductivity; permeability; chemical kinetics; refueling ID ALUMINUM HYDRIDES AB Hydrogen storage technologies based on solid-phase materials involve highly coupled transport processes including heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical kinetics. A full understanding of these processes and their relative impact on system performance is required to enable the design and optimization of efficient systems. This paper examines the coupled transport processes of titanium doped sodium alanates (NaAlH(4), Na(3)AlH(6)) enhanced with excess aluminum and expanded natural graphite. Through validated modeling and simulation, we have illuminated transport bottlenecks that arise due to mass transfer limitations in scaled-up systems. Individual heat transport, mass transport, and chemical kinetic processes were isolated and experimentally characterized to generate a robust set of model parameters for all relevant operational states. The individual transport models were then coupled to simulate absorption processes associated with rapid refueling of scaled-up systems. Using experimental data for the absorption performance of a 1.6 kg sodium alanate system, comparisons were made to computed results to identify dominant transport mechanisms. The results indicated that channeling around the compacted porous solid can contribute significantly to the overall transport of hydrogen into and out of the system. The application of these transport models is generally applicable to a variety of condensed-phase hydrogen sorption materials and facilitates the design of optimally performing systems. C1 [Dedrick, Daniel E.; Kanouff, Michael P.; Larson, Richard S.; Johnson, Terry A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dedrick, DE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4356-7 PY 2009 BP 249 EP 260 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQY61 UT WOS:000282106900028 ER PT B AU Hopkins, PE Serrano, JR Phinney, LM AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Serrano, Justin R. Phinney, Leslie M. GP ASME TI THERMAL MODELS FOR DETERMINING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THERMAL BOUNDARY CONDUCTANCE USING PUMP-PROBE THERMOREFLECTANCE TECHNIQUES SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE; HEAT-FLOW AB Pump-probe transient thermoreflectance (TTR) techniques are powerful tools for measuring thermophysical properties of thin films, such as thermal conductivity, A, or thermal boundary conductance, G. TTR experimental setups rely on lock-in techniques to detect the response of the probe signal relative to the pump heating event. The temporal decays of the lock-in signal are then compared to thermal models to deduce the A and G in and across various materials. There are currently two thermal models that are used to relate the measured signals from the lock-in to the A and G in the sample of interest. In this work, the thermal models, their assumptions, and their ranges of applicability are compared. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are elucidated from the results of the thermophysical property measurements. C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Serrano, Justin R.; Phinney, Leslie M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87195 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87195 USA. EM pehopki@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4356-7 PY 2009 BP 497 EP 503 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQY61 UT WOS:000282106900055 ER PT B AU Hopkins, PE AF Hopkins, Patrick E. GP ASME TI CONTRIBUTION OF D-BAND ELECTRONS TO BALLISTIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND INTERFACIAL SCATTERING DURING ELECTRON-PHONON NONEQUILIBRIUM IN THIN METAL FILMS SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID HEAT-CONDUCTION; INTERBAND-TRANSITIONS; SPIN DYNAMICS; NICKEL; NANOPARTICLES; EQUATIONS; LATTICE; SIZE; GOLD; AU AB Electron-interface scattering during electron-phonon nonequilibrium in thin films creates another pathway for electron system energy loss as characteristic lengths of thin films continue to decrease. As power densities in nanodevices increase, excitations of electrons from sub-conduction-band energy levels will become more probable. These sub-conduction-band electronic excitations significantly affect the material's thermophysical properties. In this work, the effects of d-band electronic excitations are considered in electron energy transfer processes in thin metal films. In thin films with thicknesses less than the electron mean free path, ballistic electron transport leads to electron-interface scattering. The ballistic component of electron transport, leading to electron-interface scattering, is studied by a ballistic-diffusive approximation of the Boltzmann Transport Equation. The effects of d-band excitations on electron-interface energy transfer is analyzed during electron-phonon nonequilibrium after short pulsed laser heating in thin films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pehopk@sandia.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4357-4 PY 2009 BP 193 EP 201 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQY66 UT WOS:000282107400024 ER PT B AU Phinney, LM Serrano, JR Piekos, ES Torczynski, JR Gallis, MA Gorby, AD AF Phinney, Leslie M. Serrano, Justin R. Piekos, Edward S. Torczynski, John R. Gallis, Michael A. Gorby, Allen D. GP ASME TI RAMAN THERMOMETRY MEASUREMENTS AND THERMAL SIMULATIONS FOR MEMS BRIDGES AT PRESSURES FROM 0.05 TO 625 TORR SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER CONFERENCE 2009, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID SURFACE; PARAMETERS; AMBIENT AB This paper reports on experimental and computational investigations into the thermal performance of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) as a function of the pressure of the surrounding gas. High spatial resolution Raman thermometry was used to measure the temperature profiles on electrically heated, polycrystalline silicon bridges that are nominally 10 mu M wide, 2.25 mu M thick, and either 200 or 400 mu m long in nitrogen atmospheres with pressures ranging from 0.05 to 625 Torr. Finite element modeling of the thermal behavior of the MEMS bridges is performed and compared to the experimental results. Noncontinuum gas effects are incorporated into the continuum finite element model by imposing temperature discontinuities at gas-solid interfaces that arc determined from noncontinuum simulations. The results indicate that gas-phase heat transfer is significant for devices of this size at ambient pressures but becomes minimal as the pressure is reduced below 5 Torr. The model and experimental results are in qualitative agreement, and better quantitative agreement requires increased accuracy in the geometrical and material property values. C1 [Phinney, Leslie M.; Serrano, Justin R.; Piekos, Edward S.; Torczynski, John R.; Gallis, Michael A.; Gorby, Allen D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phinney, LM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4357-4 PY 2009 BP 389 EP 398 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQY66 UT WOS:000282107400048 ER PT B AU Brown, AL AF Brown, Alexander L. GP ASME TI IMPACT AND FIRE MODELING CONSIDERATIONS EMPLOYING SPH COUPLING TO A DILUTE SPRAY FIRE CODE SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div AB Transportation accidents and the subsequent fire present a concern. Particularly energetic accidents like an aircraft impact or a high speed highway accident can be quite violent. We would like to develop and maintain a capability at Sandia National Laboratories to model these very challenging events. We have identified Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) as a good method to employ for the impact dynamics of the fluid for severe impacts. SPH is capable of modeling viscous and inertial effects for these impacts for short times. We have also identified our fire code Lagrangian/Eulerian (L/E) particle capability as an adequate method for fuel transport and spray modeling. A fire code can also model the subsequent fire for a fuel impact. Surface deposition of the liquid may also be acceptably predicted with the same code. These two methods (SPH and L/E) typically employ complimentary length and timescales for the calculation, and are potentially suited for coupling given adequate attention to relevant details. Length and timescale interactions are important considerations when joining the two capabilities. Additionally, there are physical model inadequacy considerations that contribute to the accuracy of the methodology. These models and methods are presented and evaluated. Some of these concerns arc detailed for a verification type scenario used to show the work in progress of this coupling capability. The importance of validation methods and their appropriate application to the genesis of this class of predictive tool are also discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4358-1 PY 2009 BP 161 EP 171 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL33 UT WOS:000283010000020 ER PT B AU Hewson, JC Nicolette, VF Erikson, WW AF Hewson, John C. Nicolette, Vernon F. Erikson, William W. GP ASME TI CONSEQUENCES OF SURFACE DEPOSITION OF MOLTEN ALUMINUM IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDIZING ENVIRONMENTS SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div ID OXYGEN/NITROGEN MIXTURE STREAMS; SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANT; COMBUSTION; IGNITION; MODEL AB In a potential accident scenario with a solid-propellant fire, aluminum present in the propellant and in surrounding structures is exposed to high-temperature environments. The enthalpy present in the aluminum particles is a substantial component of the heat release, both in terms of the particle sensible energy and its chemical energy. This paper examines the consequences of the deposition of aluminum particles present in the propellant in terms of heat transfer to surfaces. Also examined is the possibility that deposited aluminum will ignite in the high-temperature oxidizing environment. The examination is made using a computational fluid dynamics approach with some new models to describe the aluminum oxidation. In addition, these models provide a means to predict the aluminum ignition criteria that will be discussed. C1 [Hewson, John C.; Nicolette, Vernon F.; Erikson, William W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hewson, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4358-1 PY 2009 BP 201 EP 209 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL33 UT WOS:000283010000024 ER PT B AU Lee, SY Bollinger, JS Garrett, AJ Koffman, LD AF Lee, Si Y. Bollinger, James S. Garrett, Alfred J. Koffman, Larry D. GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR MECHANICAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER SO HT2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER HEAT TRANSFER, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Heat Transfer Summer Conference CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Heat Transfer Div DE Cooling Tower; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Heat Transfer; Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower AB Industrial processes use mechanical draft cooling towers (MDCT's) to dissipate waste heat by transferring heat from water to air via evaporative cooling, which causes air humidification. The Savannah River Site (SRS) has cross-flow and counter-current MDCT's consisting of four independent compartments called cells. Each cell has its own fan to help maximize heat transfer between ambient air and circulated water. The primary objective of the work is to simulate the cooling tower performance for the counter-current cooling tower and to conduct a parametric study under different fan speeds and ambient air conditions. The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and performed the benchmarking analysis against the integral measurement results to accomplish the objective. The model uses three-dimensional steady-state momentum, continuity equations, air-vapor species balance equation, and two-equation turbulence as the basic governing equations. It was assumed that vapor phase is always transported by the continuous air phase with no slip velocity. In this case, water droplet component was considered as discrete phase for the interfacial heat and mass transfer via Lagrangian approach. Thus, the air-vapor mixture model with discrete water droplet phase is used for the analysis. A series of parametric calculations was performed to investigate the impact of wind speeds and ambient conditions on the thermal performance of the cooling tower when fans were operating and when they were turned off. The model was also benchmarked against the literature data and the SRS integral test results for key parameters such as air temperature and humidity at the tower exit and water temperature for given ambient conditions. Detailed results will be published here. C1 [Lee, Si Y.; Bollinger, James S.; Garrett, Alfred J.; Koffman, Larry D.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah, GA USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah, GA USA. EM si.lee@srnl.doe.gov; james02.bollinger@srnl.doe.gov; alfred.garrett@srnl.doe.gov; larry.koffman@srnl.doe.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4358-1 PY 2009 BP 211 EP 219 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL33 UT WOS:000283010000025 ER PT J AU Efroymson, RA AF Efroymson, Rebecca A. TI Wind Energy: The Next Frontier for Ecological Risk Assessment SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Asheville, NC 28805 USA. RP Efroymson, RA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 132 Maple Dr, Asheville, NC 28805 USA. EM efroymsonra@ornl.gov OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 3 BP 419 EP 422 AR PII 911234197 DI 10.1080/10807030902956318 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447ZN UT WOS:000266231000001 ER PT J AU Heller, L Barrowes, BE George, JS AF Heller, Leon Barrowes, Benjamin E. George, John S. TI Modeling Direct Effects of Neural Current on MRI SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE MRI; MEG; neuronal magnetic field; modeling ID MICROTESLA MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEURONAL CURRENTS; HUMAN BRAIN; RESONANCE; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; DIPOLE; SIGNAL; MEG AB We investigate the effect of the magnetic field generated by neural activity on the magnitude and phase of the MRI signal in terms of a phenomenological parameter with the dimensions of length; it involves the product of the strength and duration of these currents. We obtain an analytic approximation to the MRI signal when the neuromagnetically induced phase is small inside the MRI voxel. The phase shift is the average of the MRI phase over the voxel, and therefore first order in that phase; and the reduction in the signal magnitude is one half the square of the standard deviation of the MRI phase, which is second order. The analytic approximation is compared with numerical simulations. For weak currents the agreement is excellent, and the magnitude change is generally much smaller than the phase shift. Using MEG data as a weak constraint on the current strength we find that for a net dipole moment of 10 nAm, a typical value for an evoked response, the reduction in the magnitude of the MRI signal is two parts in 10(5), and the maximum value of the overall phase shift is approximate to 4 . 10(-3), obtained when the MRI voxel is displaced 2/3 the size of the neuronal activity. We also show signal changes over a large range of values of the net dipole moment. We compare these results with others in the literature. Our model overestimates the effect on the MRI signal. Hum Brain Mapp 30:1-12, 2009. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Heller, Leon; Barrowes, Benjamin E.; George, John S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Heller, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lheller@lanl.gov FU Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery Institute (MIND); LANL FX Contract grant sponsors: Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery Institute (MIND) and LANL. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1002/hbm.20484 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 393TW UT WOS:000262397000001 PM 17990303 ER PT J AU Mujica-Parodi, LR Korgaonkar, M Ravindranath, B Greenberg, T Tomasi, D Wagshul, M Ardekani, B Guilfoyle, D Khan, S Zhong, Y Chon, K Malaspina, D AF Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. Korgaonkar, Mayuresh Ravindranath, Bosky Greenberg, Tsafrir Tomasi, Dardo Wagshul, Mark Ardekani, Babak Guilfoyle, David Khan, Shilpi Zhong, Yuru Chon, Ki Malaspina, Dolores TI Limbic Dysregulation is Associated With Lowered Heart Rate Variability and Increased Trait Anxiety in Healthy Adults SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE fMRI; amygdala; anxiety; stress; time-series; prefrontal cortex; control systems; limbic; connectivity; dynamic; heart rate variability; autonomic; cardiac; homeostasis ID ORBITAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRINCIPAL DYNAMIC-MODES; DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS-SYSTEM; INSULIN TOLERANCE-TEST; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; NONLINEAR DYNAMICS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; FEAR EXTINCTION; FACIAL EXPRESSIONS AB We tested whether dynamic interaction between limbic regions supports a control systems model of excitatory and inhibitory components of a negative feedback loop, and whether dysregulation of those dynamics might correlate with trait differences in anxiety and their cardiac characteristics among healthy adults. Experimental Design: Sixty-five subjects received fMRI scans while passively viewing angry, fearful, happy, and neutral facial stimuli. Subjects also completed a trait anxiety inventory, and were monitored using ambulatory wake ECG. The ECG data were analyzed for heart rate variability, a measure of autonomic regulation. The fMRI data were analyzed with respect to six limbic regions (bilateral amygdala, bilateral hippocampus, Broadmann Areas 9, 45) using limbic time-series cross-correlations, maximum BOLD amplitude, and BOLD amplitude at each point in the time-series. Principal Observations: Diminished coupling between limbic time-series in response to the neutral, fearful, and happy faces was associated with greater trait anxiety, greater sympathetic activation, and lowered heart rate variability. Individuals with greater levels of trait anxiety showed delayed activation of Brodmann Area 45 in response to the fearful and happy faces, and lowered Brodmann Area 45 activation with prolonged left amygdala activation in response to the neutral faces. Conclusions: The dynamics support limbic regulation as a control system, in which dysregulation, as assessed by diminished coupling between limbic time-series, is associated with increased trait anxiety and excitatory autonomic outputs. Trait-anxious individuals showed delayed inhibitory activation in response to overt-affect stimuli and diminished inhibitory activation with delayed extinction of excitatory activation in response to ambiguous-affect stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp 30:47-58,2009. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr T18, Dept Biomed Engn, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Tomasi, Dardo] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Brookhaven, NY USA. [Wagshul, Mark] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Radiol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ardekani, Babak; Guilfoyle, David] Nathan S Kline Inst Psychiat Res, Ctr Adv Brain Imaging, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA. [Khan, Shilpi] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Malaspina, Dolores] NYU, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Mujica-Parodi, LR (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Hlth Sci Ctr T18, Dept Biomed Engn, Lab Study Emot & Cognit, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM lstrey@stonybrook.edu RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015; Greenberg, Tsafrir /Q-7831-2016; OI Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne/0000-0002-3752-5519 FU Office of Naval Research [N0014-04-1-005]; National Institutes of Health [5-M01-RR-10710, K24-MH01699] FX Contract grant sponsor: the Office of Naval Research; Contract grant number: N0014-04-1-005; Contract grant sponsor: the National Institutes of Health; Contract grant number: 5-M01-RR-10710; Contract grant sponsor: National Institutes of Health; Contract grant number: K24-MH01699. NR 85 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 30 IS 1 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1002/hbm.20483 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 393TW UT WOS:000262397000005 PM 18041716 ER PT J AU Vivoni, ER Aragon, CA Malczynski, L Tidwell, VC AF Vivoni, E. R. Aragon, C. A. Malczynski, L. Tidwell, V. C. TI Semiarid watershed response in central New Mexico and its sensitivity to climate variability and change SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; RIVER-BASIN; RIO-GRANDE; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SYSTEM DYNAMICS; SOIL-MOISTURE; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; COLORADO AB Hydrologic processes in the semiarid regions of the Southwest United States are considered to be highly susceptible to variations in temperature and precipitation characteristics due to the effects of climate change. Relatively little is known about the potential impacts of climate change on the basin hydrologic response, namely streamflow, evapotranspiration and recharge, in the region. In this study, we present the development and application of a continuous, semi-distributed watershed model for climate change studies in semiarid basins of the Southwest US. Our objective is to capture hydrologic processes in large watersheds, while accounting for the spatial and temporal variations of climate forcing and basin properties in a simple fashion. We apply the model to the Rio Salado basin in central New Mexico since it exhibits both a winter and summer precipitation regime and has a historical streamflow record for model testing purposes. Subsequently, we use a sequence of climate change scenarios that capture observed trends for winter and summer precipitation, as well as their interaction with higher temperatures, to perform long-term ensemble simulations of the basin response. Results of the modeling exercise indicate that precipitation uncertainty is amplified in the hydrologic response, in particular for processes that depend on a soil saturation threshold. We obtained substantially different hydrologic sensitivities for winter and summer precipitation ensembles, indicating a greater sensitivity to more intense summer storms as compared to more frequent winter events. In addition, the impact of changes in precipitation characteristics overwhelmed the effects of increased temperature in the study basin. Nevertheless, combined trends in precipitation and temperature yield a more sensitive hydrologic response throughout the year. C1 [Vivoni, E. R.; Aragon, C. A.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Malczynski, L.; Tidwell, V. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Vivoni, ER (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Bateman Phys Sci Ctr, F Wing,Room 686, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM vivoni@asu.edu RI Vivoni, Enrique/E-1202-2012 OI Vivoni, Enrique/0000-0002-2659-9459 FU Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); Sandia University Research Program (SURP); New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute; Alliance for Graduate Education FX We acknowledge funding from the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), Sandia University Research Program (SURP), New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute, and the Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate which sponsored the M. S. thesis in Hydrology of C. A. Aragon at New Mexico Tech. We thank G. Klise, R. Mantilla and G. Mascaro for discussions related to the model development efforts in this work. We also thank three anonymous reviewers, G. Mascaro and M. Sivapalan for insightful comments that helped improve the manuscript. NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 6 BP 715 EP 733 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 464XO UT WOS:000267543200002 ER PT J AU Sobrino, JA Jimenez-Munoz, JC Zarco-Tejada, PJ Sepulcre-Canto, G de Miguel, E Soria, G Romaguera, M Julien, Y Cuenca, J Hidalgo, V Franch, B Mattar, C Morales, L Gillespie, A Sabol, D Balick, L Su, Z Jia, L Gieske, A Timmermans, W Olioso, A Nerry, F Guanter, L Moreno, J Shen, Q AF Sobrino, J. A. Jimenez-Munoz, J. C. Zarco-Tejada, P. J. Sepulcre-Canto, G. de Miguel, E. Soria, G. Romaguera, M. Julien, Y. Cuenca, J. Hidalgo, V. Franch, B. Mattar, C. Morales, L. Gillespie, A. Sabol, D. Balick, L. Su, Z. Jia, L. Gieske, A. Timmermans, W. Olioso, A. Nerry, F. Guanter, L. Moreno, J. Shen, Q. TI Thermal remote sensing from Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner data in the framework of the SPARC and SEN2FLEX projects: an overview SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AB The AHS (Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner) instrument has 80 spectral bands covering the visible and near infrared (VNIR), short wave infrared (SWIR), mid infrared (MIR) and thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range. The instrument is operated by Instituto Nacional de T,cnica Aerospacial (INTA), and it has been involved in several field campaigns since 2004. This paper presents an overview of the work performed with the AHS thermal imagery provided in the framework of the SPARC and SEN2FLEX campaigns, carried out respectively in 2004 and 2005 over an agricultural area in Spain. The data collected in both campaigns allowed for the first time the development and testing of algorithms for land surface temperature and emissivity retrieval as well as the estimation of evapotranspiration from AHS data. Errors were found to be around 1.5 K for land surface temperature and 1 mm/day for evapotranspiration. C1 [Sobrino, J. A.; Jimenez-Munoz, J. C.; Soria, G.; Romaguera, M.; Julien, Y.; Cuenca, J.; Hidalgo, V.; Franch, B.; Mattar, C.; Shen, Q.] Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, Image Proc Lab, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. [Zarco-Tejada, P. J.; Sepulcre-Canto, G.] CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba, Spain. [de Miguel, E.] Inst Nacl Tecnia Aeroespacial, Dpto Observac Tierra Teledetecc & Atmosfera, Madrid, Spain. [Morales, L.] Univ Chile, Fac Ciencias Agron, Dpto Ciencias Ambientales & Recursos Nat, Santiago, Chile. [Gillespie, A.; Sabol, D.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, WM Keck Remote Sensing Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Balick, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Su, Z.; Gieske, A.; Timmermans, W.] Int Inst Geoinformat Sci & Earth Observat ITC, Enschede, Netherlands. [Jia, L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Olioso, A.] INRA, Avignon, France. [Nerry, F.] Louis Pasteur Univ, LSIIT TRIO, Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Guanter, L.; Moreno, J.] Univ Valencia, Lab Earth Observat, Image Proc Lab, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. RP Sobrino, JA (reprint author), Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, Image Proc Lab, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. EM sobrino@uv.es RI Zarco-Tejada, Pablo J./A-6874-2012; Guanter, Luis/I-1588-2015; Guanter, Luis/B-9836-2009; Timmermans, Wim/D-3850-2009; Jimenez-Munoz, Juan Carlos/K-2903-2015; Su, Z. (Bob)/D-4383-2009; Romaguera, Mireia/A-8982-2012; Guanter, Luis/B-2108-2013; Soria Barres, Guillem/L-9462-2014; Sobrino, Jose/M-1585-2014; Julien, Yves/M-5224-2014; Mattar, Cristian/P-6711-2014 OI Zarco-Tejada, Pablo J./0000-0003-1433-6165; Guanter, Luis/0000-0002-8389-5764; Jimenez-Munoz, Juan Carlos/0000-0001-7562-4895; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272; Soria Barres, Guillem/0000-0002-3148-9238; Sobrino, Jose/0000-0003-3787-9373; Julien, Yves/0000-0001-5334-7137; NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 11 BP 2031 EP 2037 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 525QW UT WOS:000272232400002 ER PT J AU Dontsova, K Steefel, CI Desilets, S Thompson, A Chorover, J AF Dontsova, K. Steefel, C. I. Desilets, S. Thompson, A. Chorover, J. TI Solid phase evolution in the Biosphere 2 hillslope experiment as predicted by modeling of hydrologic and geochemical fluxes SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BASALTIC GLASS DISSOLUTION; REACTIVE TRANSPORT; KAOLINITE DISSOLUTION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; ROCK INTERACTION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FREE-ENERGY; PH 8.8; KINETICS; RATES AB A reactive transport geochemical modeling study was conducted to help predict the mineral transformations occurring over a ten year time-scale that are expected to impact soil hydraulic properties in the Biosphere 2 (B2) synthetic hillslope experiment. The modeling sought to predict the rate and extent of weathering of a granular basalt (selected for hillslope construction) as a function of climatic drivers, and to assess the feedback effects of such weathering processes on the hydraulic properties of the hillslope. Flow vectors were imported from HYDRUS into a reactive transport code, CrunchFlow2007, which was then used to model mineral weathering coupled to reactive solute transport. Associated particle size evolution was translated into changes in saturated hydraulic conductivity using Rosetta software. We found that flow characteristics, including velocity and saturation, strongly influenced the predicted extent of incongruent mineral weathering and neo-phase precipitation on the hillslope. Results were also highly sensitive to specific surface areas of the soil media, consistent with surface reaction controls on dissolution. Effects of fluid flow on weathering resulted in significant differences in the prediction of soil particle size distributions, which should feedback to alter hillslope hydraulic conductivities. C1 [Dontsova, K.; Chorover, J.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Steefel, C. I.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Desilets, S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Thompson, A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Dontsova, K (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM dontsova@email.arizona.edu RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010 NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 12 BP 2273 EP 2286 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536QW UT WOS:000273059900001 ER PT J AU Domec, JC Warren, JM Meinzer, FC Lachenbruch, B AF Domec, Jean-Christophe Warren, Jeffrey M. Meinzer, Frederick C. Lachenbruch, Barbara TI SAFETY FACTORS FOR XYLEM FAILURE BY IMPLOSION AND AIR-SEEDING WITHIN ROOTS, TRUNKS AND BRANCHES OF YOUNG AND OLD CONIFER TREES SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cell wall; embolism; juvenile wood; mature wood; tracheid; water transport ID DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; BORDERED PIT FUNCTION; PONDEROSA PINE TREES; FOREST CANOPY TREES; WATER TRANSPORT; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; WOOD DENSITY; MECHANICAL STABILITY; ANGIOSPERM VESSELS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB The cohesion-tension theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together and that they are pulled through the xylem under tension. This tension could cause transport failure in at least two ways: collapse of the conduit walls (implosion), or rupture of the water column through air-seeding. The objective of this research was to elucidate the functional significance of variations in tracheid anatomical features, earlywood to latewood ratios and wood densities with position in young and old Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine trees in terms of their consequences for the safety factors for tracheid implosion and air-seeding. For both species, wood density increased linearly with percent latewood for root, trunk and branch samples. However, the relationships between anatomy and hydraulic function in trunks differed from those in roots and branches. In roots and branches increased hydraulic efficiency was achieved at the cost of increased vulnerability to air-seeding. Mature wood of trunks had earlywood with wide tracheids that optimized water transport and had a high percentage of latewood that optimized structural support. Juvenile wood had higher resistance to air-seeding and cell wall implosion. The two safety factors followed similar axial trends from roots to terminal branches and were similar for both species studied and between juvenile and mature wood. C1 [Domec, Jean-Christophe] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27795 USA. [Warren, Jeffrey M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Meinzer, Frederick C.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lachenbruch, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Domec, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Raleigh, NC 27795 USA. EM jdomec@ncsu.edu RI Warren, Jeffrey/B-9375-2012; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012 OI Warren, Jeffrey/0000-0002-0680-4697; FU USDA-CSREES [NRI 03-35103-13713]; USDA Forest Service Ecosystem Processes Program [PNW 02-JV-1126952-252]; USDA FX We thank C. Wilhelmsen for her help with the ponderosa pine measurements. This work was supported by USDA-CSREES NRI 03-35103-13713, the USDA Forest Service Ecosystem Processes Program (PNW 02-JV-1126952-252), and a special USDA grant to OSU for wood utilization research. NR 71 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 20 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 2 BP 101 EP 120 PG 20 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 448JF UT WOS:000266258200002 ER PT J AU Pakin, S Lang, M Kerbyson, DJ AF Pakin, S. Lang, M. Kerbyson, D. J. TI The reverse-acceleration model for programming petascale hybrid systems SO IBM JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Current technology trends favor hybrid architectures, typically with each node in a cluster containing both general-purpose and specialized accelerator processors. The typical model for programming such systems is host-centric: The general-purpose processor orchestrates the computation, offloading performance-critical work to the accelerator, and data are communicated only among general-purpose processors. In this paper, we propose a radically different hybrid-programming approach, which we call the reverse-acceleration model. In this model, the accelerators orchestrate the computation, offloading work that cannot be accelerated to the general-purpose processors. Data is communicated among accelerators, not among general-purpose processors. Our thesis is that the reverse-acceleration model simplifies porting codes to hybrid systems and facilitates performance optimization. We present a case study of a legacy neutron-transport code that we modified to use reverse acceleration and ran across the full 122,400 cores (general-purpose plus accelerator) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Roadrunner supercomputer. Results indicate a substantial performance improvement over the unaccelerated version of the code. C1 [Pakin, S.; Lang, M.; Kerbyson, D. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pakin, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, 30 Bikini Atoll Rd, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pakin@lanl.gov; mlang@lanl.gov; djk@lanl.gov OI Pakin, Scott/0000-0002-5220-1985 FU Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was funded in part by the Advanced Simulation and Computing program of the Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8646 EI 2151-8556 J9 IBM J RES DEV JI IBM J. Res. Dev. PY 2009 VL 53 IS 5 AR 8 DI 10.1147/JRD.2009.5429074 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA V22EP UT WOS:000208258800008 ER PT B AU Madhavan, R Lakaemper, R Kalmar-Nagy, T AF Madhavan, Raj Lakaemper, Rolf Kalmar-Nagy, Tamas GP IEEE TI Benchmarking and Standardization of Intelligent Robotic Systems SO ICAR: 2009 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED ROBOTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Advanced Robotics CY JUN 22-26, 2009 CL Munich, GERMANY AB From mundane and repetitive tasks to assisting first responders in saving lives of victims in disaster scenarios, robots are expected to play an important role in our lives in the coming years. Despite recent advances in mobile robotic systems, lack of widely accepted performance metrics and standards hinder the progress in many application areas such as manufacturing, healthcare, and search and rescue. In this paper, we outline the importance of the development of standardized methods and objective performance evaluation/benchmarking of existing and emerging robotic technologies. We provide a survey of significant past efforts by researchers and developers around the globe and discuss how we can leverage such efforts in advancing the state-of-the-art. Using an example of designing a 'standard' evaluation toolkit for robotic mapping, we illustrate some of the problems faced in developing objective performance metrics; whilst accommodating the requirements and restrictions imposed by the intended domain of operation and other practical considerations. C1 [Madhavan, Raj] ORNL, Computat Sci & Engn Div, R&D Staff, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lakaemper, Rolf] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Kalmar-Nagy, Tamas] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Madhavan, R (reprint author), ORNL, Computat Sci & Engn Div, R&D Staff, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raj.madhavan@ieee.org; lakamper@temple.edu; icar09@kalmarnagy.com NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4855-5 PY 2009 BP 855 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Engineering; Robotics GA BLQ69 UT WOS:000270815500137 ER PT B AU Forman, MA AF Forman, Michael A. GP IEEE TI Measurement and Analysis of Horn Antennas with Integrated High Impedance Surfaces SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Rectangular horn antennas with integrated Sievenpiper high-impedance surfaces are presented. This high. impedance surface approximates a magnetic conductor, allowing TEM propagation within its stopband. This enables the horn antennas to operate at frequencies that would otherwise be below the TE1,0 cutoff frequency. Because the unit cell of a Sievenpiper high-impedance can be arbitrarily small, such an antenna can be reduced in volume arbitrarily. Four antennas in two geometries with metal and high-impedance sidewalls are designed, measured, and compared. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Forman, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9102, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 249 EP 252 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600063 ER PT B AU Jeffery, CA Roussel-Dupre, R Colestock, P AF Jeffery, Christopher A. Roussel-Dupre, Robert Colestock, Patrick GP IEEE TI Path Length of Curved RF Trajectories through Vertically Stratified and Isotropic Ionospheres SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) require the removal of ionospheric-induced range errors for high geolocation accuracy. At the GHz frequencies used by GNSS, ionospheric correction is calculated by perturbative expansion in plasma frequency assuming a vertically stratified [1] or isotropic [2] ionosphere. Currently, these techniques are limited by formal analytic difficulties in calculating ionospheric dispersion along a curved ray path. Building on the earlier work of Roussel-Dupre et al. [3], we have developed a new perturbation scheme that overcomes the current difficulties associated with refractive ray bending. In this short paper, we present exact perturbative expressions for excess path length in vertically stratified and isotropic ionospheres, accurate to 6th order in the ratio of plasma frequency to wave frequency. C1 [Jeffery, Christopher A.; Colestock, Patrick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing ISR-2,MS-D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Roussel-Dupre, Robert] Sci Tech Sol, LLC, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Colestock, Patrick] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing ISR 2, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Jeffery, CA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing ISR-2,MS-D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjeffery@lanl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 348 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600085 ER PT B AU Reichhardt, CJO Libal, A Reichhardt, C AF Reichhardt, C. J. Olson Libal, A. Reichhardt, C. GP IEEE TI Realizing Artificial Ice in Superconducting and Colloidal Systems SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY ID ISING PYROCHLORE MAGNETS; SPIN ICE; ENTROPY; RULES AB In certain spin models, the geometric spin arrangements frustrate the system since not all of the nearest neighbor spin interaction energies can be minimized simultaneously. A classic example of this is the spin ice system, named after the similarity between magnetic ordering on a pyrochlore lattice and proton ordering in water ice. Spin ice behavior has been observed in magnetic materials such as Ho2Ti2O7, where the magnetic rare-earth ions form a lattice of corner-sharing tetrahedra. The spin-spin interaction energy in such a system can be minimized locally when two spins in each tetrahedron point inward and two point outward, leading to exotic disordered states. There are several open issues in these systems, such as whether long range interactions order the system, or whether the true ground state of spin ice is ordered. We demonstrate how a superconducting vortex version of artificial ice and other frustrated configurations can be realized using nanostructured defect sites, as well as a colloidal version of artificial ice using charged colloidal particles in arrays of elongated optical traps. Using numerical simulations, we show that these systems obey the ice rules of two-spins-in, two-spins-out at each vertex. We find a transition between a random configuration and a long-range ordered ground state as a function of colloid charge, trap size, and screening length. We show that both the ice rule ordering and a thermally-induced order-disorder transition can occur for systems with as few as 24 traps and that the ordering transition can be observed at constant temperature by varying the barrier strength of the traps. For the vortex system, defects in the traps induce grain boundaries of differing densities. These systems can also be used to explore various other types of ordered and frustrated systems with different lattice geometries, such as a honeycomb lattice which prevents the formation of a long-range ordered ground state. Experimental versions of frustrated artificial ice systems could allow for direct visualization of the dynamics associated with frustrated spin systems, such as deconfined or confined spin arrangements, as well as spin dynamics at melting transitions. C1 [Reichhardt, C. J. Olson; Reichhardt, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Libal, A.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Fys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Reichhardt, CJO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjrx@lanl.gov; andras.libal@gmail.com; charlesr@cnls.lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 605 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600149 ER PT B AU Keavney, DJ Cheng, XM Buchanan, K Divan, R Guslienko, KY AF Keavney, D. J. Cheng, X. M. Buchanan, K. Divan, R. Guslienko, K. Y. GP IEEE TI Non-linear magnetization dynamics and transient domains in ferromagnetic disks SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB The dynamics of nanoscale magnetic structures are of both fundamental interest and primary importance for devices that incorporate nanomagnets into high-speed electronics. One of the principal questions is the behavior of magnetic vortices. C1 [Keavney, D. J.; Cheng, X. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Buchanan, K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Divan, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Guslienko, K. Y.] Univ Basque, Dept Mat Phys, San Sebastian, Spain. RP Keavney, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 885 EP 885 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600226 ER PT B AU Roshchin, IV Li, CP Suhl, H Batlle, X Roy, S Sinha, SK Park, S Pynn, R Fitzsimmons, MR Mejia-Lopez, J Altbir, D Romero, AH Dumas, R Liu, K Schuller, IK AF Roshchin, Igor V. Li, Chang-Peng Suhl, Harry Batlle, Xavier Roy, S. Sinha, Sunil K. Park, S. Pynn, Roger Fitzsimmons, M. R. Mejia-Lopez, Jose Altbir, Dora Romero, A. H. Dumas, R. Liu, Kai Schuller, Ivan K. GP IEEE TI Magnetic Vortices in Sub-100 nm Magnets SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY AB Presented is a quantitative study of,the magnetic vortex state and the vortex core in sub-100 nm magnetic dots. Arrays of magnetic nanodots covering over 1 cm(2) are fabricated using self-assembled nanopores in anodized alumina. Transition from a vortex to a single domain state for the Fe dots is studied by magnetization measurements (SQUID, VSM, and MOKE) as a function of the dots size and magnetic field. Micromagnetic and Monte Carlo simulations confirm the experimental observations. Thermal activation and exchange bias have a large effect on the vortex nucleation field. Quantitative analysis of grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering measurements with polarization analysis, performed on 65 nm Fe dots yields the magnetization of the vortex core of 140+/-50 emu/cm(3) and its diameter of 19+/-4 nm, in agreement with the simulations results. C1 [Roshchin, Igor V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, Chang-Peng] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Suhl, Harry; Sinha, Sunil K.; Schuller, Ivan K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Batlle, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, Dept Fis Fonamental, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Roy, S.] LBNL, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. [Park, S.] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Pusan, South Korea. [Pynn, Roger] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mejia-Lopez, Jose] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Altbir, Dora] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Romero, A. H.] CINVESTAV, Dept Mat, Queretaro, Mexico. [Dumas, R.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Roshchin, IV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM riv@tamu.edu RI Batlle, Xavier/H-5795-2012 FU US DOE-BES; KOSEF [R01-2008-000-21092-0]; FONDECYT [1050066, 7070149]; Millennium Science Nucleus [P06-022F]; CONACYT [J-59853-F]; Spanish CYCIT [MAT2006-03999]; Catalan Dursi [2005BE00028, 2005SGR00969]; University of Barcelona (International Cooperation); NSF; CITRIS FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center (Asterix spectrometer) at LANSCE funded by US DOE-BES. We acknowledge support from US AFOSR and DOE (DMR-BES); Texas A&M University, Texas A&M University - CONACYT Collaborative Research Grant Program, KOSEF (R01-2008-000-21092-0), FONDECYT (1050066, and 7070149), Millennium Science Nucleus (P06-022F); CONACYT (J-59853-F), Spanish CYCIT (MAT2006-03999), Catalan Dursi (2005BE00028, 2005SGR00969), University of Barcelona (International Cooperation), NSF, and CITRIS. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP 1029 EP 1029 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600266 ER PT B AU Buchanan, KS Grimsditch, M Fradin, FY Bader, SD Novosad, V AF Buchanan, K. S. Grimsditch, M. Fradin, F. Y. Bader, S. D. Novosad, V. GP IEEE TI Vortex dynamics in patterned nanomagnets SO ICEAA: 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTROMAGNETICS IN ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA 2009) CY SEP 14-18, 2009 CL Torino, ITALY C1 [Buchanan, K. S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Buchanan, K. S.; Bader, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Grimsditch, M.; Fradin, F. Y.; Bader, S. D.; Novosad, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Buchanan, KS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kbuchan@colostate.edu RI Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work at Argonne National Laboratory, including use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3385-8 PY 2009 BP CP1 EP CP1 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BOY29 UT WOS:000278037600256 ER PT B AU Berry, DL Callan, BR AF Berry, Dennis L. Callan, Bart R. GP ASME TI SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT - A USER'S PERSPECTIVE: SUMMARY OF PANEL DISCUSSIONS AND FINDINGS FROM WM'07 IN TUCSON, ARIZONA SAND2007-4931C SO ICEM2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY SEP 02-06, 2007 CL Bruges, BELGIUM AB A global partnership between nuclear energy supplier nations and user nations could enable the safe and secure expansion of nuclear power throughout the world. Although it is likely that supplier nations and their industries would be anxious to sell reactors and fuel services as part of this partnership, their commitment to close the fuel cycle (i.e., permanently take back fuel and high-level waste) remains unclear. At the 2007 Waste Management Symposia in Tucson, Arizona, USA, a distinguished international panel explored fuel take back and waste disposal from the perspective of current and prospective user nations. This paper reports on the findings of that panel and presents a path for policy makers to move forward with the partnership vision. C1 [Berry, Dennis L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Energy Programs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Berry, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Energy Programs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4339-0 PY 2009 BP 15 EP 18 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BKQ11 UT WOS:000268927100003 ER PT B AU Cournoyer, ME Schreiber, S Chunglo, SD AF Cournoyer, Michael E. Schreiber, Stephen Chunglo, Steve D. GP ASME TI USING PRESSURE DECAY METHODOLOGY TO DETECT GLOVEBOX GLOVE FAILURES SO ICEM2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY SEP 02-06, 2007 CL Bruges, BELGIUM AB At the Los Alamos National Laboratory Plutonium's Facility (TA-55), various isotopes of plutonium along with other actinides are handled in a glove box environment. Data collected from 700 unplanned openings in the glovebox environment indicate that 40% of these ruptures are glove failures, openings in the glove caused by degradation of the mechanical properties over time, e.g. exposure to chemicals and nuclear materials. The primary means of minimizing these types of glove failures is, through a robust glove inspection program. Through a collaborative effort with Getinge La Calhene, we have beta-tested their In-situ Glove Leak Tester (GLT2) in an active ventilation glovebox environment. This instrument tests glovebox gloves in place and uses pressure decay methodology, to tests up to four gloves at a time, in less than 5 minutes per test, and provides documentation of each test. While the GLT2 has been successful in static pressure enclosures that are possible in the pharmaceutical industry, the uninterruptible active negative pressure gloveboxes used in the nuclear industry present a new set of issues. In the following report, these issues are addressed and the limits of this technology defined, with the end result being that waste generated from glove failures has been minimized. C1 [Cournoyer, Michael E.; Schreiber, Stephen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cournoyer, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4339-0 PY 2009 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BKQ11 UT WOS:000268927100014 ER PT B AU Law, J Peterman, D Riddle, C Meikrantz, D Todd, T AF Law, Jack Peterman, Dean Riddle, Cathy Meikrantz, David Todd, Terry GP ASME TI ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENT OF THE FISSION PRODUCT EXTRACTION PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF CESIUM AND STRONTIUM FROM SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL SO ICEM2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY SEP 02-06, 2007 CL Bruges, BELGIUM ID WASTE; 1,3-ALTERNATE; SOLVENT; ETHERS; CROWN AB The Fission Product Extraction (FPEX) Process is being developed as part of the United States Department of Energy Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative for the simultaneous separation of cesium,(Cs) and strontium (Sr) from spent light water reactor (LWR) fuel. Separation of the Cs and Sr will reduce the short-term heat load in a geological repository, and when combined with the separation of americium (Am) and curium (Cm), could increase the capacity of the geological repository by a factor of approximately 100. The FPEX process is based on two highly specific extractants: 4,4',(5')-Di-(t-butyldicyclo-hexano)-18-crown-6 (DtBuCH18C6) and Calix[4]arene-bis-(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) (BOBCalixC6). The DtBuCH18C6 extractant is selective for strontium and the BOBCalixC6 extractant is selective for cesium. Results of flowsheet testing of the FPEX process with a simulated feed solution in 3.3-cm centrifugal contactors are detailed. Removal efficiencies, distribution coefficient data, coextraction of metals, and process hydrodynamic performance are discussed along with recommendations for future flowsheet testing with actual spent nuclear fuel. C1 [Law, Jack; Peterman, Dean; Riddle, Cathy; Meikrantz, David; Todd, Terry] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Law, J (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. OI Todd, Terry/0000-0003-1324-6950; Law, Jack/0000-0001-7085-7542; Riddle, Catherine/0000-0002-9667-7707 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4339-0 PY 2009 BP 525 EP 528 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BKQ11 UT WOS:000268927100080 ER PT B AU Goyal, KK Carson, PH Enriquez, AE AF Goyal, Kapil K. Carson, Peter H. Enriquez, Alejandro E. GP ASME TI CURRENT TRENDS FOR PACKAGING TRANSURANIC WASTE AT LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY (LA-UR-07-4785) SO ICEM2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY SEP 02-06, 2007 CL Bruges, BELGIUM AB Transuranic (TRU) waste leaving the Plutonium Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is packaged using LANL's waste acceptance criteria for onsite storage. Before shipment to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in southeastern New Mexico, each payload container is subject to rigorous characterization to ensure compliance with WIPP waste acceptance criteria and Department of Transportation regulations. Techniques used for waste characterization include nondestructive examination by WIPP-certified real-time radiography (RTR) and nondestructive assay (NDA) of containers, as well as headspace gas sampling to ensure hydrogen and other flammable gases remain at safe levels during transport. These techniques are performed under a rigorous quality assurance program to confirm that results are accurate and reproducible. If containers are deemed problematic, corrective action is taken before shipment to WIPP. Currently this activity is possible only at the Laboratory's Waste Characterization, Reduction, and Repackaging Facility. To minimize additional waste requiring remediation, WIPP waste acceptance criteria must be applied at the point of waste generation. Additional criteria stem from limitations of RTR or NDA instruments or lack of appropriate sampling and analysis. This paper presents the changes that have been implement(A at the Plutonium Facility and gives readers a preview of what LANL expects to accomplish to expeditiously certify and dispose of newly generated TRU waste. C1 [Goyal, Kapil K.; Carson, Peter H.; Enriquez, Alejandro E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Goyal, KK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4339-0 PY 2009 BP 663 EP 666 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BKQ11 UT WOS:000268927100104 ER PT B AU Whitaker, W Bergren, C Flora, M AF Whitaker, Wade Bergren, Chris Flora, Mary GP ASME TI UTILIZING THE RIGHT MIX OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP TECHNOLOGIES SO ICEM2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY SEP 02-06, 2007 CL Bruges, BELGIUM AB The Savannah River Site (SRS) Figure I is a 310-square-mile United States Department of Energy nuclear facility located along the Savannah River near Aiken, South Carolina. During operations, which started in 1951, hazardous substances (chemicals and radionuclides) were released to the environment. The releases occurred as a result of inadvertent spills and waste disposal in unlined pits and basins which was common practice before environmental regulations existed. The hazardous substances have migrated to the vadose zone and groundwater in many areas of the SRS, resulting in 515 waste units that are required by environmental regulations, to undergo characterization and, if needed, remediation. In the initial years of the SRS environmental cleanup program (early 1990s), the focus was to use common technologies (such as pump and treat, air stripping, excavation and removal) that actively and tangibly removed contamination. Exclusive use of these technologies required continued and significant funding while often failing to meet acceptable clean-up goals and objectives. Recognizing that a more cost-effective approach was needed, SRS implemented new and complementary remediation methods focused on active and passive technologies targeted to solve specific remediation problems. Today, SRS uses technologies such as chemical / pH-adjusting injection, phytoremediation, underground cutoff walls, dynamic underground stripping, soil fracturing, microbial degradation, baroballs, electrical resistance heating, soil vapor extraction, and microblowers to more effectively treat contamination at lower costs. Additionally, SRS's remediation approach cost effectively maximizes cleanup as SRS works proactively with multiple regulatory agencies. Using GIS, video, animation, and graphics, SRS is able to provide an accurate depiction of the evolution of SRS groundwater and vadose zone cleanup activities to convince stakeholders and regulators of the effectiveness of various cleanup technologies. Remediating large, complex groundwater plumes using state of-the art technologies and approaches is a hallmark of years of experience and progress. Environmental restoration at SRS continues to be a challenging and dynamic process as new cleanup technologies and approaches are adopted. C1 [Whitaker, Wade] US DOE, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Whitaker, W (reprint author), US DOE, Bldg 730-B, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM wade.whitaker@srs.gov; chris.bergren@srs.gov; mary.flora@srs.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4339-0 PY 2009 BP 1025 EP 1030 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BKQ11 UT WOS:000268927100162 ER PT B AU MacDonell, M Finster, M Peterson, J Hildebrand, RD AF MacDonell, Margaret Finster, Molly Peterson, John Hildebrand, R. Douglas GP ASME TI INTEGRATED FATE AND TOXICITY ASSESSMENT FOR SITE CONTAMINANTS SO ICEM2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management CY SEP 02-06, 2007 CL Bruges, BELGIUM AB Understanding the fate and toxicity of environmental contaminants is essential to framing practical management decisions. Forms and bioavailable concentrations often change over time due to natural physical, chemical, and biological processes. For some sites, hundreds of contaminants may be of initial interest, and even small projects can involve a substantial number of contaminants. With multiple assessments common, attention to effectiveness and efficiency is important, and integrating fate and toxicity information provides a valuable way to focus the analyses. Fate assessments help identify what forms may be present where and when, while toxicity information indicates what health effects could result if people were exposed. The integration process is illustrated by an application for the Hanford site, to support long-term management decisions for the cesium and strontium. capsules. Fate data, health-based benchmarks, and related toxicity information were effectively combined to indicate performance targets for chemicals and radionuclides identified. for capsule leachate that could migrate to groundwater. More than 50 relevant benchmarks and toxicity context were identified for 15 of the 17 study contaminants; values for chronic drinking water exposure provided the common basis for selected indicators. For two chemicals, toxicity information was identified from the scientific literature to guide the performance targets. C1 [MacDonell, Margaret; Finster, Molly; Peterson, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MacDonell, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4339-0 PY 2009 BP 1299 EP 1305 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BKQ11 UT WOS:000268927100201 ER PT B AU Linda, O Vollmer, T Manic, M AF Linda, Ondrej Vollmer, Todd Manic, Milos GP IEEE TI SVM-Inspired Dynamic Safe Navigation Using Convex Hull Construction SO ICIEA: 2009 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications CY MAY 25-27, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Ind Elect Chapter Singapore, NW Polytechn Univ, IEEE Xian Sect, IEEE Control Sys Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Inst Engn & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Informat Acquist & Proc DE Autonomous Navigation; Convex Hull; Machine Learning; Support Vector Machines AB The navigation of mobile robots or unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs) in an environment full of obstacles has a significant impact on its safety. If the robot maneuvers too close to an obstacle, it increases the probability of an accident. Preventing this is crucial in dynamic environments, where the obstacles, such as other UAVs, are moving. This kind of safe navigation is needed in any autonomous movement application but it is of a vital importance in applications such as automated transportation of nuclear or chemical waste. This paper presents the Maximum Margin Search using a Convex Hull construction (MMS-CH), an algorithm for a fast construction of a maximum margin between sets of obstacles and its maintenance as the input data are dynamically altered. This calculation of the safest path is inspired by the Support Vector Machines (SVM). It utilizes the convex hull construction to preprocess the input data and uses the boundaries of the hulls to search for the optimal margin. The MMS-CH algorithm takes advantage of the elementary geometrical properties of the 2-dimensional Euclidean space resulting in 1) significant reduction of the problem complexity by eliminating irrelevant data; 2) computationally less expensive approach to maximum margin calculation than standard SVM-based techniques; and 3) inexpensive recomputation of the solution suitable for real time dynamic applications. C1 [Linda, Ondrej; Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, 1776 Sci Ctr Dr,Ste 306, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Vollmer, Todd] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Linda, O (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, 1776 Sci Ctr Dr,Ste 306, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM lind0812@vandals.uidaho.edu; Todd.Vollmer@inl.gov; misko@ieee.org FU Idaho National Laboratory and University of Idaho Nuclear Engineering Program FX The authors would like to thank the Idaho National Laboratory and University of Idaho Nuclear Engineering Program for providing support for this project. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2799-4 PY 2009 BP 992 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BMO85 UT WOS:000273183200191 ER PT B AU Vollmer, DT Manic, M AF Vollmer, Denis Todd Manic, Milos GP IEEE TI CI-PASM - Computational Intelligence Based Prognostic Automotive System Model SO ICIEA: 2009 4TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS 1-6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications CY MAY 25-27, 2009 CL Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Ind Elect Chapter Singapore, NW Polytechn Univ, IEEE Xian Sect, IEEE Control Sys Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Inst Engn & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Informat Acquist & Proc DE Neural Networks; Support Vector Machines; Road Vehicles; Regression AB In an ideal case physically oriented vehicle models can reduce the required practical knowledge of a vehicle designer. These types of models are effective cost reducing tools used in industrial development cycles. There are many variables that can be used as input both internal and external to model automobile performance. The focus of this paper is on those external variable factors such as environment conditions that are not controllable by a human but are instantaneously measurable and affect performance. This paper presents CI-PASM, A Computational Intelligence Based Prognostic Automotive System Model. Initial feature reduction was accomplished by a human expert. Principal Component Analysis was performed to further reduce the input set. Using expert chosen features, the CI-PASM algorithm produced results having an error at worst in the hundredths of a second. These output results were compared against a support vector machine implementation and were shown to be superior. The CI-PASM mean error was half that of the support vector machine error. Results from using PCA attributes and a support vector machine indicated that these are relevant alternative methods given different requirements. C1 [Vollmer, Denis Todd] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Manic, Milos] Univ Idaho, Dept Comp Sci, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Vollmer, DT (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM denis.vollmer@inl.gov; misko@uidaho.ed NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2799-4 PY 2009 BP 3705 EP + PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BMO85 UT WOS:000273183201345 ER PT B AU Escobar, JA Pakalapati, SR Nanduri, JR Celik, IB AF Escobar, Jose A. Pakalapati, Suryanarayana R. Nanduri, Jagannath R. Celik, Ismail B. GP ASME TI DIRECT SIMULATION OF MASS TRANSPORT IN A SOFC CATHODE USING MICROCHANNELS SO ICNMM 2009, PTS A-B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels CY JUN 22-24, 2009 CL Pohang, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; GAS-TRANSPORT; ANODE; PERFORMANCE; FLOWS; US AB Fuel cells are clean and efficient power generation devices which are being widely investigated under the efforts to reduce the impact of greenhouse gases on the environment. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), especially, are suitable for stationary power generation using a wide range of alternative fuels. Performance of a SOFC strongly depends on the mass transport inside the porous electrodes which are essentially composed of a network of microchannels. In this study the mass transport inside a SOFC cathode is studied using direct simulation of mass transport in microchannels along with statistical analysis. A virtual cathode is built using microchannels that are representative of continuous flow paths between the cathode/air stream interface and cathode/electrolyte interface of a SOFC. Different representative microchannel flow paths are built with varying tortuosity and channel diameters. The numbers of channels of each kind are chosen according to a normal distribution and they are randomly arranged in an appropriately sized cuboid to construct a unit block of the virtual cathode. The normal distribution is modulated with average and standard deviation values for real world electrodes found in literature. Microchannels are tightly packed to achieve the desired porosity. Mass transport in each of the channels is studied separately using commercial CFD software FLUENT. Three dimensional simulations of momentum and specie transport equations (for oxygen and nitrogen) are performed. The results from individual channel simulations are used to assess the global mass transfer characteristics of the virtual cathode. Results obtained using this approach will be compared with those from a continuum Fick's law type diffusion model used to simulate mass transport in porous media. The primary objective is to test the assumptions employed within the context of continuum mass transport model. C1 [Escobar, Jose A.; Pakalapati, Suryanarayana R.; Nanduri, Jagannath R.; Celik, Ismail B.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Escobar, JA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jescobar@mix.wvu.edu; raju.pakalapati@mail.wvu.edu; Jaggu.nanduri@mail.wvu.edu; Ismail.celik@mail.wvu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4349-9 PY 2009 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTB99 UT WOS:000286415600046 ER PT B AU Mukherjee, PP AF Mukherjee, Partha P. GP ASME TI CAPILLARITY, WETTABILITY AND INTERFACIAL DYNAMICS IN POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS SO ICNMM 2009, PTS A-B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels CY JUN 22-24, 2009 CL Pohang, SOUTH KOREA SP ASME ID LIQUID WATER TRANSPORT; DIFFUSION MEDIUM; POROUS-MEDIA; MODELS; LAYER; FLOWS; PEFC AB In the present scenario of a global initiative toward a sustainable energy future, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has emerged as one of the most promising alternative energy conversion devices for different applications. Despite tremendous progress in recent years, a pivotal performance/durability limitation in the PEFC arises from liquid water transport, perceived as the Holy Grail in PEFC operation. The porous catalyst layer (CL), fibrous gas diffusion layer (GDL) and flow channels play a crucial role in the overall PEFC performance due to the transport limitation in the presence of liquid water and flooding phenomena. Although significant research, both theoretical and experimental, has been performed, there is serious paucity of fundamental understanding regarding the underlying structure-transport-performance interplay in the PEFC. The inherent complex morphologies, micro-scale transport physics involving coupled multiphase, multicomponent, electrochemically reactive phenomena and interfacial interactions in the constituent components pose a formidable challenge. In this paper, the impact of capillary transport, wetting characteristics and interfacial dynamics on liquid water transport is presented based on a comprehensive mesoscopic modeling framework with the objective to gain insight into the underlying electrodics, two-phase dynamics and the intricate structure-transport-interface interactions in the PEFC. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS T003, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM partham@lanl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4349-9 PY 2009 BP 1337 EP 1342 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BTB99 UT WOS:000286415600177 ER PT B AU Cumblidge, SE Doctor, SR Bond, LJ Taylor, TT Lupo, TR Hull, AB Malik, SN AF Cumblidge, Stephen E. Doctor, Steven R. Bond, Leonard J. Taylor, Tom T. Lupo, Timothy R. Hull, Amy B. Malik, Shah N. GP ASME TI ANALYSIS OF EMERGING NDE TECHNIQUES- METHODS FOR EVALUATING AND IMPLEMENTING CONTINUOUS ONLINE MONITORING SO ICONE 17: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB There are approximately 440 operating reactors in the global nuclear power plant (NPP) fleet with an average age greater than 20 years and original design lives of 30 or 40 years. The United States is currently implementing license extensions of 20 years on many plants, and consideration is now being given to the concept of "life-beyond-60", license extension from 60 to 80 years and potentially longer In almost all countries with NPPs, authorities are looking at some form of license renewal program In support of NPP license renewal over the past decade, various national and international programs have been initiated. One of the goals of the program for the proactive management of materials degradation (PMMD) is to manage proactively the in-service degradation of metallic components in aging NPPs As some forms of degradation, such as stress corrosion cracking, are characterized by a long initiation time followed by a rapid growth phase, new inspection or monitoring technologies may be required. New nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques that may be needed include techniques to find stress corrosion cracking (SCC) precursors, on-line monitoring techniques to detect cracks as they initiate and grow, as well as advances in NDE technologies. This paper reports on the first part of the development of a methodology to determine the effectiveness of these emerging NDE techniques for managing metallic degradation. This methodology will draw from experience derived from evaluating techniques that have "emerged' in the past. The methodology will follow five stages: a definition of inspection parameters, a technical evaluation, laboratory testing, round robin testing, and the design of a performance demonstration program. This methodology will document the path taken for previous techniques and set a standardized course for future NDE techniques. This paper then applies the expert review section of the methodology to the acoustic emission technique to evaluate the use of acoustic emission in performing continuous online monitoring of reactor components. C1 [Cumblidge, Stephen E.; Doctor, Steven R.; Bond, Leonard J.; Taylor, Tom T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cumblidge, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4351-2 PY 2009 BP 449 EP 457 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRE08 UT WOS:000282466100055 ER PT B AU Oh, CH Kim, ES Schultz, R Petti, D Kang, HS AF Oh, Chang H. Kim, Eung S. Schultz, Richard Petti, David Kang, Hyung S. GP ASME TI COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSES ON VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR AIR INGRESS SO ICONE 17: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc ID DIFFUSION AB A preliminary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to understand density-gradient-induced stratified flow in a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) air-ingress accident. Various parameters were taken into consideration, including turbulence model, core temperature, initial air mole-fraction, and flow resistance in the core. The gas turbine modular helium reactor (GT-MlIR) 600 MWt was selected as the reference reactor and it was simplified to be 2-D geometry in modeling. The core and the lower plenum were assumed to be porous bodies. Following the preliminary CFD results, the analysis of the air-ingress accident has been performed by two different codes: GAMMA code (system analysis code, Oh et al. 2006) and FLUENT CFD code (Fluent 2007). Eventually, the analysis results showed that the actual onset time of natural convection (similar to 160 sec) would be significantly earlier than the previous predictions (similar to 150 hours) calculated based on the molecular diffusion air-ingress mechanism This leads to the conclusion that the consequences of this accident will be much more serious than previously expected. C1 [Oh, Chang H.; Kim, Eung S.; Schultz, Richard; Petti, David] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Chang.Oh@inl.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4351-2 PY 2009 BP 943 EP 949 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRE08 UT WOS:000282466100115 ER PT B AU Riemke, RA Davis, CB Schultz, RR AF Riemke, Richard A. Davis, Cliff B. Schultz, Richard R. GP ASME TI RECENT HYDRODYNAMICS IMPROVEMENTS TO THE RELAP5-3D CODE SO ICONE 17: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR ENGINEERING, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The hydrodynamics section of the RELAP5-3D computer program has been recently improved. Changes were made as follows: (1) improved turbine model, (2) spray model for the pressurizer model, (3) feedwater heater model, (4) radionuclide transport model, (5) improved pump model, and (6) compressor model. These changes will be discussed. C1 [Riemke, Richard A.; Davis, Cliff B.; Schultz, Richard R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Riemke, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Richard.Riemke@inl.gov; Cliff.Davis@inl.gov; Richard.Schultz@inl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4353-6 PY 2009 BP 353 EP 357 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRE11 UT WOS:000282466600043 ER PT B AU Wilde, T McEvoy, T Holmes, R Sandquist, GM AF Wilde, Taunia McEvoy, Tim Holmes, Richard Sandquist, Gary M. GP ASME TI REVIEW AND IMPACT EVALUATION OF ASME NQA-1 (2008) SO ICONE17, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc DE ASME; NQA-1; NRC; DOE; QUALITY; QA AB ASME has issued a 2008 revision to the Nuclear Quality Assurance Standard, NQA-1 that impacts the siting design, construction, startup and operations of new generation nuclear power plant designs as well as other nuclear facilities. In view of new nuclear plants recently certified by the NRC, the NQA-1 2008 revision is poised to meet those QA issues and requirements that have or may arise during ESP, COL and other regulatory actions by the NRC. In view of the enhanced safety features and significant design changes associated with this new generation of nuclear infrastructure including the DOE development of the CMRR (Chemical and Metallurgy Research Replacement) at Los Alamos, present QA programs and procedures require a re-evaluation and assessment if the 2008 revision of NQA-1 is widely adapted in the US and possibly other countries. A synopsis of the revisions posed by the 2008 revision to former QA standards is given together with ancillary impacts for the nuclear community. C1 [Wilde, Taunia; McEvoy, Tim; Holmes, Richard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilde, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM twilde@lanl.gov; tmcevoy@lanl.gov; raholmes@lanl.gov; gms@asp-llc.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4354-3 PY 2009 BP 129 EP 133 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK47 UT WOS:000282914200016 ER PT B AU LaChance, JL Duran, FA Phillips, J Bari, R Budnitz, RJ Cahalan, J Flanagan, G AF LaChance, Jeffrey L. Duran, Felicia A. Phillips, Jesse Bari, Robert Budnitz, Robert J. Cahalan, James Flanagan, George GP ASME TI LIQUID METAL REACTOR REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ASSESSMENT SO ICONE17, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB This paper summarizes an assessment of the regulatory framework and requirements for licensing a liquid metal reactor (LMR) for use in transmuting actinides, which was performed for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI)(1). Since the LMR designs currently under consideration are sodium-cooled, the assessment identifies and discusses requirements, issues, and topics important to the licensing process in general and those specific to sodium-cooled LMRs, as well as licensing options and associated recommendations. The goal of the regulatory framework assessment was to clarify and evaluate requirements that support the development of safe and cost-effective LMR designs. C1 [LaChance, Jeffrey L.; Duran, Felicia A.; Phillips, Jesse] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP LaChance, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4354-3 PY 2009 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK47 UT WOS:000282914200021 ER PT B AU Guillen, DP Shelley, JK Antal, SP Tselishcheva, EA Podowski, MZ Lucas, D Beyer, M AF Guillen, Donna Post Shelley, Jonathan K. Antal, Steven P. Tselishcheva, Elena A. Podowski, Michael Z. Lucas, Dirk Beyer, Matthias GP ASME TI OPTIMIZATION OF A TWO-FLUID HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL OF CHURN-TURBULENT FLOWS SO ICONE17, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc DE CFD validation; churn turbulent flow; two-fluid model; design optimization; NPHASE-CMFD; multiphase flow ID PHASE DISTRIBUTION; DRAG COEFFICIENT; BUBBLES; REGIME; COLUMN AB A hydrodynamic model of two-phase, churn-turbulent flows is being developed using the computational multiphase fluid dynamics (CMFD) code, NPHASE-CMFD. The numerical solutions obtained by this model are compared with experimental data obtained at the TOPFLOW facility of the Institute of Safety Research at the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The TOPFLOW data is a high quality experimental database of upward, co-current air-water flows in a vertical pipe suitable for validation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. A five-field CMFD model was developed for the continuous liquid phase and four bubble size groups using mechanistic closure models for the ensemble-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Mechanistic models for the drag and non-drag interfacial forces are implemented to include the governing physics to describe the hydrodynamic forces controlling the gas distribution. The closure models provide the functional form of the interfacial forces, with user defined coefficients to adjust the force magnitude. An optimization strategy was devised for these coefficients using commercial design optimization software. This paper demonstrates an approach to optimizing CMFD model parameters using a design optimization approach. Computed radial void fraction profiles predicted by the NPHASE-CMFD code are compared to experimental data for four bubble size groups. C1 [Guillen, Donna Post; Shelley, Jonathan K.] Idaho Natl Lab, Adv Proc & Decis Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Guillen, DP (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Adv Proc & Decis Syst Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Donna.Guillen@inl.gov RI Guillen, Donna/B-9681-2017 OI Guillen, Donna/0000-0002-7718-4608 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4355-0 PY 2009 BP 257 EP 266 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK48 UT WOS:000282915300035 ER PT B AU Tentner, A Pointer, WD Lo, S Splawski, A AF Tentner, Adrian Pointer, W. David Lo, Simon Splawski, Andrew GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODEL FOR THE SIMULATION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW PHENOMENA IN A BOILING WATER REACTOR FUEL ASSEMBLY SO ICONE17, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB This paper presents the current status in the development and validation of an advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, CFD-BWR, which allows the detailed analysis of the two-phase flow and heat transfer phenomena in Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) fuel assemblies under various operating conditions. The CFD-BWR model uses an Eulerian Two-Phase (E2P) approach, and is also referred to as the E2P modeling framework. It is being developed as a customized module built on the foundation of the commercial CFD-code STAR-CD which provides general two-phase flow modeling capabilities. The integral validation efforts have focused on the analysis of the NUPEC Full-Size Boiling Water Reactor Test (BFBT) within the framework of the OECD/NRC benchmark exercise. The paper reviews the two-phase models implemented in the CFD-BWR code, and emphasizes recently implemented models of inter-phase and coolant-cladding momentum and energy exchanges. Results of recent BFBT experiment simulations using these models are presented and the effects of the new models on the calculated void distribution are discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of future model development and validation plans. C1 [Tentner, Adrian; Pointer, W. David] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tentner, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tentner@anl.gov OI Pointer, W. David/0000-0003-0946-7937 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4355-0 PY 2009 BP 275 EP 284 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK48 UT WOS:000282915300037 ER PT B AU Johnson, RW AF Johnson, Richard W. GP ASME TI CFD INVESTIGATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA PROPOSED TO BE A VALIDATION DATA SET SO ICONE17, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc AB The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) is currently supporting the development of a next generation nuclear plant (NGNP). The NGNP is based on the very high temperature reactor (VHTR), which is a Generation IV gas-cooled reactor concept that will use helium as the coolant. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations are to be employed to estimate the details of the flow and heat transfer in the lower plenum where the heated coolant empties before exiting the reactor vessel. While it is expected that CFD will be able to provide detailed information about the flow, it must be validated using experimental data. Detailed experimental data have been taken in the INL's matched index of refraction (MIR) facility of a scaled model of a section of the prismatic VHTR lower plenum. The present article examines the data that were taken to investigate the suitability of such data to be a validation data set for CFD calculations. CFD calculations were made to compare with the MIR data to explore potential issues and make recommendations regarding the experiment. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Johnson, RW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4355-0 PY 2009 BP 535 EP 542 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK48 UT WOS:000282915300064 ER PT B AU Pointer, WD Lomperski, S Fischer, P Obabko, A AF Pointer, W. David Lomperski, Stephen Fischer, Paul Obabko, Aleksandr GP ASME TI PROPOSED EXPERIMENT FOR VALIDATION OF CFD METHODS FOR ADVANCED SFR DESIGN: UPPER PLENUM THERMAL STRIPING AND STRATIFICATION SO ICONE17, VOL 5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering CY JUL 12-16, 2009 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP ASME, Nucl Engn Div, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Chinese Nucl Soc ID TURBULENCE MODELS; TRIPLE-JET; SEPARATION; FLOW AB In response to the goals outlined by the U.S. Department of Energy's Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative, an effort is underway to develop an integrated multi-physics, multi-resolution thermal-hydraulic simulation tool package for the evaluation of nuclear power plant design and safety. As part of this effort, initial guidance has been proposed for the development of experiments to supply validation data sets for the CFD-based thermo-fluid simulation capability. To demonstrate that the proposed data requirements can be achieved using current generation measurement methods and to refine correlation and data comparison methods suitable for very large data sets, an initial experiment focused on turbulent mixing in the upper plenum of an advanced sodium fast reactor has been proposed. Prior validation efforts to support the use of one-dimensional lumped parameter models in the analysis of reactor safety performance relied primarily on data from carefully scaled integral system experiments to validate and tune correlations used to represent the physics associated with a particular transient in a particular reactor design. Unlike the correlation-based lumped parameter codes, computational fluid dynamics simulations reduce the reliance on experimentally derived correlations to the prediction of local turbulence effects rather the prediction of integral quantities like pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients. As a consequence, simpler separate effects experiments, which capture the turbulence effects but not necessarily the integral effects within a specific component of a system, can be utilized as the primary validation basis for the CFD codes. However, while the need for large carefully scaled integral experiments is reduced, the high spatial and temporal resolution of these codes requires that experimental data be collected at fine spatial and temporal resolutions. An initial series of simulations has been completed to support the development of the proposed experimental facility using air as a surrogate for the sodium coolant. Design options considered in RANS simulations using the commercial CFD code Star-CCM+ include mixing facility dimensions, the number of inlet jets to be included and outlet position. The use of RANS simulations is supported by an initial benchmarking comparison with predictions from the spectral element large eddy simulation code Nek5000 for the nominal experimental geometry. C1 [Pointer, W. David; Lomperski, Stephen; Fischer, Paul; Obabko, Aleksandr] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pointer, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Pointer, W. David/0000-0003-0946-7937 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4355-0 PY 2009 BP 599 EP 611 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRK48 UT WOS:000282915300072 ER PT S AU Zerola, M Sumbera, M Bartak, R Lauret, J AF Zerola, Michal Sumbera, Michal Bartak, Roman Lauret, Jerome GP IEEE TI Using Constraint Programming to Plan Efficient Data Movement on the Grid SO ICTAI: 2009 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOOLS WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SE Proceedings-International Conference on Tools With Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence CY NOV 02-04, 2009 CL Newark, NJ SP IEEE Comp Soc, Biol & Artificial Intelligent Soc AB Efficient data transfers and placements are paramount to optimizing geographically distributed resources and minimizing the time data intensive experiments processing tasks would take. We present a technique for planning data transfers to single destination using a Constraint Programming approach. We study enhancements of the model using symmetry breaking, branch cutting, well studied principles from scheduling field, and several heuristics. Real-life wide area network characteristic is explained and the realization of the computed formal schedule is proposed with an emphasis on bandwidth saturation. Results will include comparison of performance and trade-off between CP techniques and Peer-2-Peer model. C1 [Zerola, Michal; Sumbera, Michal] ASCR, Inst Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bartak, Roman] Charles Univ Prague, CR-11636 Prague 1, Czech Republic. [Lauret, Jerome] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Zerola, M (reprint author), ASCR, Inst Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. RI Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014 OI Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323 FU IRP AVOZ [10480505]; Agency of the Czech Republic [202/07/0079, 205-13/201457]; Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [LC07048]; U.S. Department Of Energy FX The investigations have been partially supported by the IRP AVOZ 10480505, by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under Contract No. 202/07/0079 and 205- 13/201457, by the grant LC07048 of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic and by the U.S. Department Of Energy. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1082-3409 BN 978-1-4244-5619-2 J9 PROC INT C TOOLS ART PY 2009 BP 729 EP + DI 10.1109/ICTAI.2009.80 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BPP60 UT WOS:000279598100108 ER PT S AU Sosnowchik, BD Schuck, PJ Chang, JY Lin, LW AF Sosnowchik, Brian D. Schuck, P. James Chang, Jiyoung Lin, Liwei GP IEEE TI TUNABLE OPTICAL ENHANCEMENT FROM A MEMS-INTEGRATED TIO2 NANOSWORD PLASMONIC ANTENNA SO IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2009) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 25-29, 2009 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc ID LOCAL-FIELD ENHANCEMENT; RAMAN-SCATTERING AB In this work, we present the fabrication and testing of a MEMS-integrated, variable-gap titanium dioxide nanosword plasmonic antenna. Two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL) testing was performed, and enhancements as large as 251-fold were observed at the sharp, tapered nanosword tip. The tunable nanosword antenna successfully and repeatedly demonstrated increases in the TPPL intensity as the gap was reduced below 50nm. Dark-field scattering experiments were performed at the tip to quantify the shape-dependent plasmonic resonance of the gold-coated nanosword tip. It is believed that this device, with further improvements to the enhancement, may enable previously unattainable functionality for surface-enhance Raman scattering (SERS) analysis. C1 [Sosnowchik, Brian D.; Chang, Jiyoung; Lin, Liwei] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schuck, P. James] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Imaging & Manipulat Facility, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sosnowchik, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU DARPA N/ MEMS Fundamental Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC02- 05CH1 1231] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Frank Ogletree, Ed Wong, Lei Luo, Jong- Yoon Ha, and Shiwei Wu. Samples used in this work were fabricated as part of MEMS Exchange Run 4119 by Sia Parsa, Antal Kovats, and Attila Szabo in the UC Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory. This project is supported in part by the DARPA N/ MEMS Fundamental Sciences program. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02- 05CH1 1231. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-2978-3 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2009 BP 128 EP 131 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.2009.4805335 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB1WX UT WOS:000341431500032 ER PT S AU Okandan, M Olsson, R Baker, M Resnick, P Hill, TA Lackey, C Pearson, S Castaneda, J Trott, W Jones, D AF Okandan, Murat Olsson, Roy Baker, Michael Resnick, Paul Hill, Thomas A. Lackey, Chad Pearson, Sean Castaneda, Jaime Trott, Wayne Jones, David GP IEEE TI HIGH SPEED (GHZ), ULTRA-HIGH PRESSURE (GPA) SENSOR ARRAY FABRICATED IN INTEGRATED CMOS plus MEMS PROCESS SO IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2009) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 25-29, 2009 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc AB In order to observe and quantify pressure levels generated during testing of energetic materials, a sensor array with high temporal resolution (similar to 1 ns) and extremely high pressure range (> 1 GPa) is needed. We have developed such a sensor array which utilizes a novel integrated high performance CMOS+MEMS process. C1 [Okandan, Murat; Olsson, Roy; Baker, Michael; Resnick, Paul; Hill, Thomas A.; Lackey, Chad; Pearson, Sean; Castaneda, Jaime; Trott, Wayne; Jones, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Okandan, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-2978-3 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2009 BP 845 EP 847 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB1WX UT WOS:000341431500211 ER PT S AU Lee, J Spadaccini, CM Mukerjee, EV King, WP AF Lee, J. Spadaccini, C. M. Mukerjee, E. V. King, W. P. GP IEEE TI SUSPENDED MEMBRANE SINGLE CRYSTAL SILICON MICRO HOTPLATE FOR DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY SO IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2009) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 25-29, 2009 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc ID NANOCALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AB This paper introduces an array of single crystal silicon micro hotplates for differential scanning calorimetry. Based on heat transfer analysis considering tradeoffs between response time, temperature uniformity, and measurement sensitivity, suspended membrane micro hotplates with full backside release were found to be optimal designs. Due to the requirements of routine sample loading, the size of the heater is 100 or 200, mu m while the size of the backside membrane cavity is 400, mu m. Our design achieves a combination of time constant, temperature sensitivity, and heating efficiency that are comparable or superior to previously reported microcalorimeters. C1 [Lee, J.; King, W. P.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Spadaccini, C. M.; Mukerjee, E. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lee, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. OI Lee, Jungchul/0000-0001-7880-8657 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-PROC-407768] FX Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 LLNL-PROC-407768. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-2978-3 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2009 BP 852 EP 855 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.2009.4805517 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB1WX UT WOS:000341431500213 ER PT S AU Bronson, JR Pulskamp, JS Polcawich, RG Kroninger, CM Wetzel, ED AF Bronson, J. R. Pulskamp, J. S. Polcawich, R. G. Kroninger, C. M. Wetzel, E. D. GP IEEE TI PZT MEMS ACTUATED FLAPPING WINGS FOR INSECT- INSPIRED ROBOTICS SO IEEE 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2009) SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) CY JAN 25-29, 2009 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE, Robot & Automat Soc ID FLIGHT AB This paper presents microfabricated flapping-wings for insect-inspired flying robots. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of any such MEMS devices for this application. This work is a component of on-going efforts by the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in developing millimeter-scale robotic platforms using thin-film lead zirconium titanate (PZT) actuators. Micromachined wing-structures have been successfully fabricated and this report presents experimental results of flapping frequency and stroke-amplitude from a set of wing designs varying in material composition and dimensions. These results establish the feasibility of achieving stroke amplitudes comparable to insects with PiezoMEMS technology. C1 [Bronson, J. R.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Pulskamp, J. S.; Polcawich, R. G.; Kroninger, C. M.; Wetzel, E. D.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Bronson, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-2978-3 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2009 BP 1047 EP 1050 DI 10.1109/MEMSYS.2009.4805566 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB1WX UT WOS:000341431500262 ER PT J AU Balick, L Gillespie, A French, A Danilina, I Allard, JP Mushkin, A AF Balick, Lee Gillespie, Alan French, Andrew Danilina, Iryna Allard, Jean-Pierre Mushkin, Amit TI Longwave Thermal Infrared Spectral Variability in Individual Rocks SO IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters LA English DT Article DE Hyperspectral; infrared; remote sensing; rock; spectra; thermal AB An hyperspectral imaging spectrometer measuring in the longwave thermal infrared (7.6-11.6 mu m), with a spatial resolution less than 5 mm at a range of 10 in, was used in the field to observe the variability of emissivity spectra of individual rock surfaces. The rocks were obtained commercially, were on the order of 20 cm in size, and were selected to have distinct spectral features: They include alabaster (gypsum.), soapstone (steatite with talc), obsidian (volcanic glass), norite (plagioclase and orthopyroxene), and "jasper" (silica with iron oxides). The advantages of using an imaging spectrometer to characterize these rocks spectrally are apparent. Large spectral variations were observed within individual rocks that may be attributed to roughness, surface geometry, and compositional variation. Nonimaging spectrometers would normally miss these variations as would small samples used in laboratory measurements, spatially averaged spectra can miss the optimum spectra for identification of materials, and spatially localized components of the rock can be obscured. C1 [Balick, Lee] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gillespie, Alan; Danilina, Iryna; Mushkin, Amit] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [French, Andrew] Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Water Management & Conservat Res Unit, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. [Allard, Jean-Pierre] Telops Inc, Quebec City, PQ G2E 6J5, Canada. RP Balick, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lbalick@lanl.gov; arg3@u.washington.edu; andrew.french@ars.usda.gov; danilina@u.washington.edu; jean-pierre.allard@telops.com; mushkin@u.washington.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Technology Development, [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Los Alamos National Security FX This work Was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Technology Development, under Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 with Los Alamos National Security, LLC. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.2006005 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 395QS UT WOS:000262539200012 ER PT S AU Pelechrinis, K Yan, GH Eidenbenz, S Krishnamurthy, SV AF Pelechrinis, Konstantinos Yan, Guanhua Eidenbenz, Stephan Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V. GP IEEE TI Detecting Selfish Exploitation of Carrier Sensing in 802.11 Networks SO IEEE INFOCOM 2009 - IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference 2009 CY APR 19-25, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE AB Recently, tuning the clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold in conjunction with power control has been considered for improving the performance of Wireless LANs. However, CCA tuning can be exploited by selfish nodes in order to obtain an unfair share of the available bandwidth. In particular, by increasing the CCA threshold, a selfish client can manipulate the carrier sensing mechanism to ignore the presence of other transmissions on the medium; consequently, it increases the probability of accessing the medium and therefore obtains a higher, unfair share of the available bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect this misbehavior in WLANs. A key insight that leads to our approach is that a misbehaving node that has increased its CCA is unlikely to recognize low power receptions as legitimate packets; by intelligently sending low power probe messages, an AP can detect a misbehaving node with high probability. In a nutshell, our contributions are as follows: (a) We are the first to quantify the impact of selfish CCA tuning via extensive experimentation (b) We propose a novel lightweight scheme for detecting selfish nodes that inappropriately increase their CCA thresholds; we call our scheme CMD (for Carrier sensing Misbehavior Detection) (c) We perform extensive evaluations on an indoor 802.11 WLAN testbed to demonstrate that CMD detects misbehaving users with very high accuracy (approximately 95 % of the time). Furthermore, it only incurs a false positive rate of less than 5 %(1). C1 [Pelechrinis, Konstantinos; Krishnamurthy, Srikanth V.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Yan, Guanhua; Eidenbenz, Stephan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pelechrinis, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM kpele@cs.ucr.edu; ghyan@lanl.gov; eidenben@lanl.gov; krish@cs.ucr.edu FU US Army Research Office under the Multi-University Research Initiative (MURI) [W911NF- 07-1-0318]; NSF NeTS:WN / Cyber trust [0721941] FX This work was done partially with support from the US Army Research Office under the Multi-University Research Initiative (MURI) grants W911NF- 07-1-0318 and the NSF NeTS:WN / Cyber trust grant 0721941. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-3512-8 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2009 BP 657 EP + DI 10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5061973 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNS10 UT WOS:000275366200074 ER PT S AU Yang, Y Hou, IH Hou, JC Shankar, M Rao, NS AF Yang, Yong Hou, I-Hong Hou, Jennifer C. Shankar, Mallikarjun Rao, Nageswara S. GP IEEE TI Sensor Placement for Detecting Propagative Sources in Populated Environments SO IEEE INFOCOM 2009 - IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INFOCOM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference 2009 CY APR 19-25, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE AB We consider the placement of sensors to detect propagative sources where the sensing area of each sensor is anisotropic and arbitrarily-shaped due to the terrain and meteorological conditions. The propagation and detection times are non-negligible due to the propagation of source effects through space at a slow speed. We formulate the problem as placing the minimum number of sensors to ensure a detection time T and the coverage utility C. Both the sensing areas of sensors and the utility function U(.) are chosen to capture the environmental factors and the population distribution. We show this problem to be NP-hard, and present heuristic algorithms for 1-coverage and k-coverage by adopting exiting methods. We evaluate the proposed algorithms in the realistic setting of Port of Memphis where the objective is to protect the population against chemical leaks or attacks. We utilize the SCIPUFF dispersion model to determine the sensing areas by accounting for the terrain and meteorological conditions, and use the real-life population distribution as the utility function. Based on empirical study, we make several important observations. C1 [Yang, Yong; Hou, I-Hong; Hou, Jennifer C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Shankar, Mallikarjun; Rao, Nageswara S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Yang, Y (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, 1304 W Springfield Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM yang25@uiuc.edu; ihou2@uiuc.edu; jhou@uiuc.edu; shankarm@ornl.gov; nrao@ornl.gov RI Shankar, Mallikarjun/N-4400-2015; OI Shankar, Mallikarjun/0000-0001-5289-7460; Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU Sensor Net program managed by UT-Battelle; LLC for U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research supported in part by Sensor Net program managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 978-1-4244-3512-8 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 2009 BP 1206 EP + DI 10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5062034 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BNS10 UT WOS:000275366200135 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV Poole, SW Wing, WR Carter, SM AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Poole, Stephen W. Wing, William R. Carter, Steven M. GP IEEE TI Experimental Analysis of Flow Optimization and Data Compression for TCP Enhancement SO IEEE INFOCOM 2009 - IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference 2009 CY APR 19-25, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE DE WAAS; wide-area connections AB Flow optimization and data compression method promise to improve TCP performance, and edge devices that implement them to transparently improve wide-area network performance are currently being developed. We present an experimental study of TCP throughput performance of such Cisco devices using 1Gbps connections of thousands of miles over UltraScience Net. Based on iperf measurements, we have the following observations: (i) mufti-fold throughput improvements are achieved over the buffer-tuned TCP both for single and most multiple streams; and (ii) high throughputs are maintained over connection lengths of thousands of miles. For file transfers using iperf, our experiments included files with repeated bytes and uniformly randomly generated bytes, and supernova simulation data in hdf format: (i) highest and lowest throughputs are achieved for hdf and random data files, respectively; (ii) most throughputs were maximized by 5-10 parallel TCP streams; and (iii) pre-compression of files using gzip did not have a significant effect on transport performance. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Poole, Stephen W.; Wing, William R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Carter, Steven M.] Cisco Syst Inc, San Jose, CA 95134 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov; stevenca@cisco.com FU U.S. Department of Defense at the Extreme Scale Systems Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; High Performance Networking Program of the Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy with UT-Battelle, LL [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is sponsored by U.S. Department of Defense at the Extreme Scale Systems Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and by High Performance Networking Program of the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LL NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3968-3 PY 2009 BP 115 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BMF50 UT WOS:000272170100020 ER PT B AU Yu, X Qiao, CM Yu, DT AF Yu, Xiang Qiao, Chunming Yu, Dantong GP IEEE TI Online Job Provisioning for Large Scale Science Experiments over an Optical Grid Infrastructure SO IEEE INFOCOM 2009 - IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOPS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE INFOCOM Conference 2009 CY APR 19-25, 2009 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL SP IEEE DE large scale science experiment; Grid; WDM network; job provisioning; resource co-scheduling AB Many emerging science experiments require that the massive data generated by big instruments be accessible and analyzed by a large number of geographically dispersed users. Such large scale science experiments are enabled by an Optical Grid infrastructure which integrates Grid software with a WDM network. This paper studies the following problem in an Optical Grid environment: given an online job request, how to optimally find a host to execute the job, taking into account the need to stage missing input files stored at other places, with the goal of satisfying the job's QoS requirements, subject to dynamic computing and network resource usage status? We first formulate the optimization problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). As the MILP solution quickly gets intractable when the network size grows larger, we also propose an adaptive heuristic called AOJP. Our simulation results demonstrate both the effectiveness and the efficiency of AOJP. C1 [Yu, Xiang; Qiao, Chunming] SUNY Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. [Yu, Dantong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, X (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. EM xyu4@cse.buffalo.edu; qiao@cse.buffalo.edu; dtyu@bnl.gov RI Qiao, Chunming/E-8892-2011 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3968-3 PY 2009 BP 133 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BMF50 UT WOS:000272170100023 ER PT J AU Smith, AV Do, BT Hadley, GR Farrow, RL AF Smith, Arlee V. Do, Binh T. Hadley, G. Ronald Farrow, Roger L. TI Optical Damage Limits to Pulse Energy From fibers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Optical fiber amplifiers ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER; PEAK-POWER; DOPED FIBER; LASER; GENERATION; NONLINEARITY; NANOSECOND; AMPLIFIERS; BREAKDOWN; CORE AB The irradiances or fluences encountered in pulsed fiber lasers and amplifiers are sometimes high enough to destroy the fiber. The ultimate limit is set by the intrinsic damage threshold irradiance of doped silica. Other nonlinear processes such as self-focusing and stimulated Brillouin scattering are also important. We present here the results of our measurements of the damage threshold, and of our analysis of how self-focusing and Brillouin scattering influence the power limit. C1 [Smith, Arlee V.] AS Photon LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. [Do, Binh T.] Ball Aerosp Corp, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Hadley, G. Ronald] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Farrow, Roger L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), AS Photon LLC, Albuquerque, NM 87112 USA. EM arlee.smith@AS-Photonics.com; bto@ball.com; grhadle@sandia.gov; farrow@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received September H, 2008; revised October 28, 2008; accepted November 10, 2008. Current version published February 4, 2009. This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2010331 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 406SL UT WOS:000263315100020 ER PT J AU Dawson, JW Messerly, MJ Phan, HH Crane, JK Beach, RJ Siders, CW AF Dawson, Jay W. Messerly, Michael J. Phan, Henry H. Crane, John K. Beach, Raymond J. Siders, Craig W. CA CPJ Barty TI High-Energy, Short-Pulse Fiber Injection Lasers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Laser fusion; optical fiber lasers; ultrafast optics ID REPETITION-RATE; DISPERSION; AMPLIFICATION; SYSTEM; COMPENSATION; COMPRESSION; AMPLIFIERS; IGNITION; POWER; MHZ AB A short-pulse fiber injection laser for the advanced radiographic capability on the National Ignition Facility has been developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. This system produces 100 mu J pulses with 5 nm of bandwidth centered at 1053 nm. The pulses are stretched to 2.5 ns, and have been recompressed to subpicoseconds pulsewidths. A key feature of the system is that the prepulse power contrast ratio exceeds 80 dB. The system can also precisely adjust the final recompressed pulsewidth and timing, and has been designed for reliable, hands-free operation. The key challenges in constructing this system were control of the SNR, dispersion management, and managing the impact of self-phase modulation on the chirped pulse. C1 [Dawson, Jay W.; Phan, Henry H.; Crane, John K.; Beach, Raymond J.; Siders, Craig W.; CPJ Barty] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dawson, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dawson17@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 15 IS 1 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2008.2010242 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 406SL UT WOS:000263315100026 ER PT B AU Abercrombie, RK Sheldon, FT Mili, A AF Abercrombie, Robert K. Sheldon, Frederick T. Mili, Ali GP IEEE TI Managing Complex IT Security Processes with Value Based Measures SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN CYBER SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Cyber Security CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP IEEE ID VULNERABILITIES AB Current trends indicate that IT security measures will need to greatly expand to counter the ever increasingly sophisticated, well-funded and/or economically motivated threat space. Traditional risk management approaches provide an effective method for guiding; courses of action for assessment, and mitigation investments. However, such approaches no matter how popular demand very detailed knowledge about the IT security domain and the enterprise/cyber architectural context. Typically, the critical nature and/or high stakes require careful consideration and adaptation of a balanced approach that provides reliable and consistent methods for rating vulnerabilities. As reported in earlier works, the Cyberspace Security Econometrics System provides a comprehensive measure of reliability, security and safety of a system that accounts for the criticality of each requirement as a function of one or more stakeholders' interests in that requirement. This paper advocates a dependability measure that acknowledges the aggregate structure of complex system specifications, and accounts for variations by stakeholder, by specification components, and by verification and validation impact. C1 [Abercrombie, Robert K.; Sheldon, Frederick T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Cyberspace Sci & Informat Intelligence Res Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mili, Ali] New Jersey Inst Technol, Coll Comp Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Abercrombie, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Cyberspace Sci & Informat Intelligence Res Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM abercrombier@ornl.gov; sheldonft@ornl.gov; mili@cis.njit.edu FU [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2769-7 PY 2009 BP 69 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BME56 UT WOS:000272027200011 ER PT J AU Kavelaars, AT Bloom, E Claus, R Fouts, K Tuvi, S AF Kavelaars, Alicia T. Bloom, Elliott Claus, Richard Fouts, Kenneth Tuvi, Selim TI Electronic Logbook for Space System Integration & Test Operations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB In the highly technological aerospace world, paper is still widely used to document space system integration and test (I&T) operations. E-Logbook (electronic logbook) is a new technology designed to replace current documentation processes of space system I&T operations, such as connector mate and demate, flight hardware and flight software component installation, material mixes or electronic ground support equipment (EGSE) validation. It also includes new documentation concepts, such as the shift log, which improves project awareness and optimizes the shift hand-over process, and the configuration log, which instantly reports on the global I&T state of the space system and greatly enhances information gathering prior to major test events or project reviews. The design of E-Logbook focuses not only on a reliable and efficient relational database, but also on an ergonomic human-computer interactive (HCI) system of graphical user interfaces (GUI) that can help reduce human error and improve I&T discipline and management oversight. E-Logbook has been used for the I&T of the large area telescope (LAT) of the gamma-ray large area space telescope (GLAST) scientific satellite at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). After 19 months of operation, more than 41,000 records have been created for the different documentation components or I&T Logs, with no data having been corrupted or critically lost. 94% of the operators and 100% of the management exposed to E-Logbook prefer it to paper logbooks and recommend its use in the aerospace industry. C1 [Bloom, Elliott; Claus, Richard; Fouts, Kenneth; Tuvi, Selim] Stanford Linear Accelerator, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kavelaars, AT (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM aliciak@SLAC.Stanford.edu FU Stanford University; Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) [DE-AC03-76-SFO0515]; NASA [NAS5-00147] FX This work was supported by Stanford University and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) under DoE Contract DE-AC03-76-SFO0515 and NASA Grant NAS5-00147. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 167 EP 178 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435XH UT WOS:000265376100014 ER PT J AU Kerekes, R Kumar, BVKV AF Kerekes, Ryan Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya TI Enhanced Video-Based Target Detection using Multi-Frame Correlation Filtering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID NOISE; RECOGNITION; TRACKING; DESIGN AB Most existing video-based target detection systems employ state-space models to keep track of an explicit number of individual targets. We introduce a framework for enhancing target detection in video by applying probabilistic models to the soft information in correlation outputs before thresholding. We show how to efficiently compute arrays of posterior target probabilities for every position in the scene conditioned on all current and past frames of a video sequence. These arrays can then be thresholded in the typical manner to yield more reliable target detections. Because the framework avoids the formation of explicit tracks, it is well suited for handling scenes with unknown numbers of targets at unknown positions. Simulation results on forward-looking infrared (FLIR) video sequences show that our proposed framework can significantly reduce the false-alarm rate of a bank of correlation filters while requiring only a marginal increase in computation. C1 [Kumar, B. V. K. Vijaya] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Kerekes, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MSSED, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,Bldg 5800,MS 6075, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rkerekes@gmail.com FU Northrop Grumman Corporation FX This work was supported in part by a fellowship from Northrop Grumman Corporation. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 EI 1557-9603 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 289 EP 307 PG 19 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 435XH UT WOS:000265376100023 ER PT J AU Young, WF Kuester, EF Holloway, CL AF Young, William F. Kuester, Edward F. Holloway, Christopher L. TI Measurements of Randomly Placed Wireless Transmitters Used as an Array for Receivers Located Within the Array Volume With Application to Emergency Responders SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Ad hoc array; arbitrary array optimization; emergency responder communications; random array ID SCALAR RADIATION; ANTENNA-ARRAYS; OPTIMIZATION; ENVIRONMENT; DIRECTIVITY; GAIN AB Emergency responders often experience poor quality wireless communications due to the complex radio-frequency propagation environment encountered at a typical emergency response location, such as an apartment complex, office building, or other large building structure. Our previous theoretical analysis in conjuction with simulation studies suggests that optimizing arrays of randomly located wireless transmitters can provide a significant increase in the received signal level for a receiver located in the array volume. Here we present experimental results from the application of our initial algorithm in representative complex propagation environments. Several different scenarios are Included in the experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimization approach in an environment that contains a variety of scattering objects. For the various scenarios, we observed at least a 7 dB median gain over it single transmitter when the array consists of four transmitters. C1 [Young, William F.] Univ Colorado, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kuester, Edward F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holloway, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Young, WF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wfyoung@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.2009651 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 419VB UT WOS:000264246700026 ER PT J AU Ozpineci, B Chinthavali, MS Tolbert, LM Kashyap, AS Mantooth, HA AF Ozpineci, Burak Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan Tolbert, Leon M. Kashyap, Avinash S. Mantooth, H. Alan TI A 55-kW Three-Phase Inverter With Si IGBTs and SiC Schottky Diodes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2006) CY MAR 19-23, 2006 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE, PELS, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, Power Sources Manufacturers Assoc DE DC-AC conversion; hybrid electric vehicle; insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs); inverter; Schottky diode; silicon carbide (SiC) AB Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices are expected to have an impact on power converter efficiency, weight, volume, and reliability. Currently, only SiC Schottky diodes are commercially available at relatively low current ratings. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has collaborated with Cree and Semikron to build a Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor-SiC Schottky diode hybrid 55-kW inverter by replacing the Si p-n diodes in Semikron's automotive inverter with Cree's made-to-order higher current SiC Schottky diodes. This paper presents the developed models of these diodes for circuit simulators, shows inverter test results, and compares the results with those of a similar all-Si inverter. C1 [Ozpineci, Burak; Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kashyap, Avinash S.; Mantooth, H. Alan] Univ Arkansas, Dept Elect Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Ozpineci, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ozpinecib@ornl.gov; chinthavalim@ornl.gov; tolbert@utk.edu; akashya@uark.edu; mantooth@uark.edu OI Ozpineci, Burak/0000-0002-1672-3348; Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 18 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 278 EP 285 DI 10.1109/TIA.2008.2009501 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 399RM UT WOS:000262817000032 ER PT J AU Kim, DH Thai, YT Nikles, DE Brazel, CS AF Kim, Dona-Hyun Thai, Ynhi T. Nikles, David E. Brazel, Christopher S. TI Heating of Aqueous Dispersions Containing MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles by Radio-Frequency Magnetic Field Induction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Hyperthermia; magnetic nanoparticles; MnFe2O4; multifunctional nanoparticles; specific absorption rate ID SPINEL FERRITE NANOPARTICLES; HYPERTHERMIA; PARTICLES AB Our interest in identifying magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia therapy has led to this study of the ac magnetic field induced heating of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Single-crystal MnFe(2)O(0)4 nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 5.3 to 12.1 nm were synthesized by a thermal decomposition method. Oleic acid and oleylamine ligands used during synthesis were replaced by meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, which allowed the particles to be dispersed in water. Magnetic field induction heating of aqueous dispersions of the particles showed that the value of specific absorption rate (SAR) increased with increasing particle size until it peaked for particles with an average diameter of 10.5 nm and then decreased for particles with an average diameter of 12.1 rim. Theoretical calculations of the effect of particle size on the heat generation were in agreement with this trend and showed that, with the largest particles, there was a decrease in the contribution of Brownian relaxation to the heating, leading to a decrease in the SAR for these particles. C1 [Kim, Dona-Hyun; Thai, Ynhi T.; Brazel, Christopher S.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Kim, Dona-Hyun] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nikles, David E.] Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Nikles, David E.] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Brazel, Christopher S.] Keele Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Med, Keele ST4 7QB, Staffs, England. RP Brazel, CS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM cbrazel@eng.ua.edu RI Brazel, Christopher/E-9085-2012; OI Kim, Dong-Hyun/0000-0001-6815-3319 FU University of Alabama's Alton Scott Memorial Fund; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2006-D00092] FX This work was supported by the University of Alabama's Alton Scott Memorial Fund and by an international grant to the first author by a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-D00092).c NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2005329 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 407OW UT WOS:000263375200006 ER PT J AU Wang, PS Zhang, HQ Divan, R Hoffmann, A AF Wang, Pingshan Zhang, Hanqiao Divan, Ralu Hoffmann, Axel TI Tailoring High-Frequency Properties of Permalloy Films by Submicrometer Patterning SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE Magnetic anisotropy; magnetic resonance; patterned thin film; permalloy; susceptibility ID SHAPE ANISOTROPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERMEABILITY; NANOWIRES; FE AB We have measured shape-induced high frequency properties of patterned submicrometer permalloy (Py) arrays. We sputtered and patterned Py films on gold (An) transmission lines, using chromium (Cr) as adhesion layers for An and Py deposition. Each Py bar in the arrays is 10 mu m long and 100 nm thick. The widths of the Py bars in two different arrays are 240 and 550 nm, respectively. Micromagnetic simulations indicate single domain magnetization distribution in these Py structures. The measured ferromagnetic resonance frequencies without bias field are approximately 11.5 and 8 GHz, respectively. We obtained the corresponding susceptibilities. The experimental results agree with theoretical predictions. C1 [Wang, Pingshan; Zhang, Hanqiao] Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Divan, Ralu; Hoffmann, Axel] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hoffmann, Axel] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, PS (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM pwang@clemson.edu RI Hoffmann, Axel/A-8152-2009 OI Hoffmann, Axel/0000-0002-1808-2767 FU Army Research Office [2005567]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH1357] FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant 2005567 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH1357. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2005330 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 407OW UT WOS:000263375200007 ER PT J AU Huang, Q You, JS Zeng, GL Gulberg, GT AF Huang, Qiu You, Jiangsheng Zeng, Gengsheng. L. Gulberg, Grant T. TI Reconstruction From Uniformly Attenuated SPECT Projection Data Using the DBH Method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Attenuation; fan-beam; half-scan; image reconstruction; short-scan; single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); truncation ID EXPONENTIAL RADON-TRANSFORM; EMISSION COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; X-RAY TRANSFORM; CORMACK-TYPE INVERSION; IMAGE-RECONSTRUCTION; HILBERT TRANSFORM; FILTERED-BACKPROJECTION; QUANTITATIVE RECONSTRUCTION; RESPONSE CORRECTION; DETECTOR RESPONSE AB An algorithm was developed for the 2-D reconstruction of truncated and nontruncated uniformly attenuated data acquired from single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The algorithm is able to reconstruct data from half-scan (180 degrees) and short-scan (180 degrees+fan angle) acquisitions for parallel- and fan-beam geometries, respectively, as well as data from full-scan (360 degrees) acquisitions. The algorithm is a derivative, backprojection, and Hilbert transform (DBH) method, which involves the backprojection of differentiated projection data followed by an inversion of the finite weighted Hilbert transform. The kernel of the inverse weighted Hilbert transform is solved numerically using matrix inversion. Numerical simulations confirm that the DBH method provides accurate reconstructions from half-scan and short-scan data, even when there is truncation. However, as the attenuation increases, finer data sampling is required. C1 [Huang, Qiu; Gulberg, Grant T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [You, Jiangsheng] Cub Imaging, Andover, MA 01810 USA. [Zeng, Gengsheng. L.] Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, UCAIR, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM qhuang@lbl.gov; jyou@cubic-imaging.com; larry@ucair.med.utah.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Department of Health and Human Services [R01 EB000121] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science. Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and in part by Public Heath Service Grant R01 EB000121 awarded by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Department of Health and Human Services. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0062 J9 IEEE T MED IMAGING JI IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging PD JAN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1109/TMI.2008.923974 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 391GB UT WOS:000262220700003 PM 19116185 ER PT J AU Wilson, JL Wang, C Fathy, AE Kang, YW AF Wilson, Joshua L. Wang, Cheng Fathy, Aly E. Kang, Yoon W. TI Analysis of Rapidly Twisted Hollow Waveguides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Finite difference frequency domain (FDFD); finite difference time domain (FDTD); guided waves; slow wave structures ID FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS; FREQUENCY-DOMAIN METHOD; MAXWELLS EQUATIONS; FDTD ALGORITHM; STABILITY; SCHEME; MODES AB The propagation characteristics of twisted hollow waveguides are considered, and various analysis methods are proposed. It is shown that a twisted hollow waveguide can support waves that travel at a speed slower than the speed of light c. These modes are of particular interest, as slow wave structures have many potential applications in accelerators and electron traveling wave tubes. Since there is no exact closed form solution for the electromagnetic fields within a twisted waveguide or cavity, several previously proposed approximate methods are examined. It is found that the existing perturbation theory methods yield adequate results for slowly twisted structures; however, our efforts here are geared toward analyzing rapidly twisted structures using newly developed finite-difference methods. To validate the results of the theory and simulations, rapidly twisted cavity prototypes have been designed, fabricated, and measured. These measurement results are compared to simulated results, and very good agreement has been demonstrated. C1 [Wilson, Joshua L.; Wang, Cheng; Fathy, Aly E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kang, Yoon W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilson, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL-SNS); University of Tennesse (UT)-Battelle LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Manuscript received June 06, 2008 revised September 25, 2008. First published December 22. 2008; current version published January 08, 2009. This work was supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source (ORNL-SNS). The SNS is managed by the University of Tennesse (UT)-Battelle LLC, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2009042 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 394ET UT WOS:000262429300015 ER PT J AU Du, Z Tolbert, LM Ozpineci, B Chiasson, JN AF Du, Zhong Tolbert, Leon M. Ozpineci, Burak Chiasson, John N. TI Fundamental Frequency Switching Strategies of a Seven-Level Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Power Electronic Specialists Conference (PESC 07) CY JUN 17-21, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE Fundamental frequency modulation control; hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HCMLI); triplen harmonic compensation ID SELECTIVE HARMONIC ELIMINATION; SPACE-VECTOR MODULATION; COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE; GENERALIZED TECHNIQUES; THYRISTOR INVERTERS; PWM; CONVERTERS; DRIVES; COMPENSATION; TOPOLOGIES AB This paper presents a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter that can be implemented using only a single dc power source and capacitors. Standard cascaded multilevel inverters require n dc sources for 2n + 1 levels. Without requiring transformers, the scheme proposed here allows the use of a single dc power source (e.g., a battery or a fuel cell stack) with the remaining n - 1 dc sources being capacitors, which is referred to as hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (HCMLI) in this paper. It is shown that the inverter can simultaneously maintain the dc voltage level of the capacitors and choose a fundamental frequency switching pattern to produce a nearly sinusoidal output. HCMLI using only a single dc source for each phase is promising for high-power motor drive applications as it significantly decreases the number of required dc power supplies, provides high-quality output power due to its high number of output levels, and results in high conversion efficiency and low thermal stress as it uses a fundamental frequency switching scheme. This paper mainly discusses control of seven-level HCMLI with fundamental frequency switching control and how its modulation index range can be extended using triplen harmonic compensation. C1 [Du, Zhong] Parker Hannifin Corp, Olive Branch, MS 38654 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.; Ozpineci, Burak] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Natl Transportat Res Ctr, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Chiasson, John N.] Boise State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Du, Z (reprint author), Parker Hannifin Corp, Olive Branch, MS 38654 USA. EM zhong.du@parker.com; tolbertm@ornl.gov; ozpinecib@ornl.gov; johnchiasson@boisestate.edu OI Ozpineci, Burak/0000-0002-1672-3348; Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 34 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2006678 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 408TV UT WOS:000263458800004 ER PT J AU Feng, G Meyer, E Liu, YF AF Feng, Guang Meyer, Eric Liu, Yan-Fei TI A Digital Two-Switching-Cycle Compensation Algorithm for Input-Voltage Transients in DC-DC Converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE DC-DC power conversion; digital control; transient response ID CONTROLLED PWM CONVERTERS; BUCK CONVERTERS; MODE CONTROLLER; PERFORMANCE AB In this paper, a new control algorithm is proposed to achieve excellent dynamic performance for dc-dc converters undergoing an input-voltage change. Using the concept of capacitor charge balance, the proposed algorithm predicts the two-switching-cycle duty ratio series to drive the converter back to steady state following an input-voltage transient. The equations needed to calculate the required duty cycle series are presented. By using the proposed algorithm, good transient performance, such as small output-voltage overshoot/undershoot and short recovery time, is achieved. Simulations and experiments are performed using a synchronous buck converter to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the proposed method produces superior dynamic performance over that of a conventional current-mode PID controller. C1 [Feng, Guang; Meyer, Eric; Liu, Yan-Fei] Queens Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Feng, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gfeng@aps.anl.gov; eric.meyer@ece.queensu.ca; yanfei.liu@queensu.ca NR 30 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8993 J9 IEEE T POWER ELECTR JI IEEE Trans. Power Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2006612 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 408TV UT WOS:000263458800018 ER PT B AU Ren, X AF Ren, Xu BE Luo, G TI PUTTING GENOME IN CONTEXT: TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION IN THREE DIMENSIONAL ECM MICROENVIRONMENT SO IFPT'6: PROGRESS ON POST-GENOME TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Forum on Post-Genome Technologies CY SEP 17-18, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Tsinghua Univ, SW Univ, Nanjing Univ, NW Univ, Life-Surveyor Project Japan, Hitachi Ltd, Huadong Res Inst Med & Biotech, SEQUENOM Inc, Fluidigm Corporat, Thermo Fisher Sci Inc, Berkeley Biotech Inc, Ebiotrade Web, Chinese Bio-Equip Web, Bioon Web C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ren, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHEAST UNIV PRESS PI NANJING PA 2 SIPAILOU, NANJING 210096, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-5641-1842-6 PY 2009 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BLN50 UT WOS:000270587800012 ER PT S AU Taylor, SE Bernard, ML Verzi, SJ Morrow, JD Vineyard, CM Healy, MJ Caudell, TP AF Taylor, S. E. Bernard, M. L. Verzi, S. J. Morrow, J. D. Vineyard, C. M. Healy, M. J. Caudell, T. P. GP IEEE TI Temporal Semantics: An Adaptive Resonance Theory Approach SO IJCNN: 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1- 6 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 14-19, 2009 CL Atlanta, GA SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE Computat Intelligence Soc ID WORKING-MEMORY NETWORKS; NEURAL NETWORKS; RECOGNITION; TIME AB Encoding sensor observations across time is a critical component in the ability to model cognitive processes. All biological cognitive systems receive sensory stimuli as continuous streams of observed data over time. Therefore, the perceptual grounding of all biological cognitive processing is in temporal semantic encodings, where the particular grounding semantics are sensor modalities. We introduce a technique that encodes temporal semantic data as temporally integrated patterns stored in Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) modules. C1 [Taylor, S. E.; Bernard, M. L.; Verzi, S. J.; Morrow, J. D.; Vineyard, C. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Taylor, S. E.; Vineyard, C. M.; Healy, M. J.; Caudell, T. P.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Taylor, SE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM setaylo@sandia.gov; tpc@ece.unm.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was possible in part due to LDRD program support from Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energys National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-3549-4 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2009 BP 2410 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQB78 UT WOS:000280591601093 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Meyer, PA AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Meyer, Perry A. GP ASME TI INVESTIGATING USING OSCILLATING JETS FOR FLUID MIXING SO IMECE 2008: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS, VOL 10, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID ATTENUATION; SLURRY AB Scaled mixing experiments were conducted to evaluate maintaining mobilized particles in a uniform suspension (the condition of concentration uniformity) using jet pumps to mix the suspension. The study experimentally evaluated uniformity in a 1/12-scale experiment varying the Reynolds number, Froude number, and gravitational settling parameter space. The product of the jet exit velocity and nozzle diameter (U0D0) was used to scale the experimental conditions. The test matrix included a full factorial test between 100% and 50% U(0)D(0) and two half-factorial tests at 75% and 25% U(0)D(0). Evaluating points at 75% U(0)D(0) and 50% U(0)D(0) allowed evaluation of curvature. Eliminating points at 25% U(0)D(0) decreased the testing time by several weeks. Test conditions were achieved by varying the simulant viscosity (mu), the mean particle size (d(p)), and the jet nozzle exit velocity (U(0)). Concentration measurements at sampling locations throughout the tank were used to assess the degree of uniformity achieved during each test. Concentration data was obtained using a real time ultrasonic attenuation probe and The undissolved discrete batch samples. solids concentration at these locations was analyzed to determine whether the tank contents were uniform (< +/- 10% variation about mean) or nonuniform (> +/- 10% variation about mean) in concentration. Concentration inhomogeneity was modeled as a function of dimensionless groups. The two parameters that best describe the maximum solids volume fraction that can be suspended in a double-shell tank were found to be 1) the Froude number (Fr) based on nozzle velocity (U(0)) and tank contents level (H) and 2) the dimensionless particle size (d(p)/D(0)). The dependence on the Reynolds number (Re) does not appear to be statistically significant. C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Meyer, Perry A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K7-15, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Judith.Bamberger@pnl.gov; Perry.Meyer@pnl.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4871-5 PY 2009 BP 259 EP 267 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJE16 UT WOS:000265085300033 ER PT B AU Lee, SY AF Lee, Si Y. GP ASME TI GAS MIXING ANALYSIS IN A LARGE-SCALED SALTSTONE FACILITY SO IMECE 2008: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS, VOL 10, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Flow Patterns; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Heat Transfer; Saltstone Vault Facility AB Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods have been used to estimate the flow patterns mainly driven by temperature gradients inside vapor space in a large-scaled Saltstone vault facility at Savannah River site (SRS). The purpose of this work is to examine the gas motions inside the vapor space under the current vault configurations by taking a three-dimensional transient momentum-energy coupled approach for the vapor space domain of the vault. The modeling calculations were based on prototypic vault geometry and expected normal operating conditions as defined by Waste Solidification Engineering. The modeling analysis was focused on the air flow patterns near the ventilated corner zones of the vapor space inside the Saltstone vault. The turbulence behavior and natural convection mechanism used in the present model were benchmarked against the literature information and theoretical results. The verified model was applied to the Saltstone vault geometry for the transient assessment of the air flow patterns inside the vapor space of the vault region using the potential operating conditions. The baseline model considered two cases for the estimations of the flow patterns within the vapor space. One is the reference baseline case. The other is for the negative temperature gradient between the roof inner and top grout surface temperatures intended for the potential bounding condition. The flow patterns of the vapor space calculated by the CFD model demonstrate that the ambient air comes into the vapor space of the vault through the lower-end ventilation hole, and it gets heated up by the Benard-cell type circulation before leaving the vault via the higher-end ventilation hole. The calculated results are consistent with the literature information. Detailed results and the cases considered in the calculations will be discussed here. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM si.lee@srnl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4871-5 PY 2009 BP 605 EP 612 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJE16 UT WOS:000265085300072 ER PT B AU Leishear, RA Guerrero, HN Restivo, ML Sherwood, DJ AF Leishear, Robert A. Guerrero, Hector N. Restivo, Michael L. Sherwood, David J. GP ASME TI Mass Transfer Coefficients for a Bingham Fluid and Water With and Without Anti-foam Agents SO IMECE 2008: HEAT TRANSFER, FLUID FLOWS, AND THERMAL SYSTEMS, VOL 10, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Mass transfer coefficient; Bingham fluid; Newtonian fluid; anti-foam agent ID BUBBLE COLUMN AB The equations describing mass transfer coefficients are rather concise, but experimental data is required to determine the coefficients. Here, mass transfer rates were measured in a large scale system, which consisted of an 8.4 meter tall by 0.76 meter diameter column containing one of three fluids: water with an anti-foam agent, water without an anti-foam agent, and a Bingham plastic fluid, referred to as AZ101 simulant. The Bingham fluid differed from water since it required an applied yield stress to initiate flow. Newtonian fluids, like water, have a zero yield stress. Each of the fluids was saturated with oxygen, and the oxygen was removed from solution as air bubbled up, or sparged, through the solution from the bottom of the column. Air sparging was supplied by a single pipe which was co-axial to the column. The decrease in oxygen concentration was recorded, and the oxygen measurements were then used to determine the mass transfer coefficients to describe the rate of oxygen transfer from solution. Mass transfer data for 24 different lest conditions were determined. Superficial sparging velocities of 2, 5, and 10 mm/second were applied to each of the simulants at three different column fill levels, where the superficial velocity is defined as the average volumetric flow rate divided by the liquid surface area in the column. Mass transfer coefficient test results are presented herein for each test combination of superficial velocity and fluid level. C1 [Leishear, Robert A.; Guerrero, Hector N.; Restivo, Michael L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Leishear, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM Robert.Leishear@SRS.qov; Hector.Guerrero@SRS.gov; Michael.Restivo@SRS.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4871-5 PY 2009 BP 1801 EP 1810 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BJE16 UT WOS:000265085301042 ER PT B AU Silin, D Goloshubin, G AF Silin, Dmitriy Goloshubin, Gennady GP ASME TI SEISMIC WAVE REFLECTION FROM A PERMEABLE LAYER: LOW-FREQUENCY ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS SO IMECE 2008: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS, STRUCTURES AND FLUIDS, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID ELASTIC WAVES; PROPAGATION; ATTENUATION; RANGE; ROCKS AB We study elastic wave propagation in a fluid-saturated porous medium. Low-frequency asymptotic analysis of Biot's model of poroelasticity yields the wave velocity, attenuation, and wave number as power series with respect to a small dimensionless parameter This parameter is the product of kinematic reservoir fluid mobility, imaginary unity, and the frequency of the signal. The simplified asymptotic relationships lead to explicit formulae for reflection and transmission coefficients for a planar wave crossing an interface between two permeable media. Theoretical calculations predict a peak of reflection from a thin highly-permeable lens in a low-frequency range. An explicit formula relates the resonance frequency to reservoir fluid mobility and reservoir thickness. The results have immediate practical implications for seismic modeling and attribute analysis. C1 [Silin, Dmitriy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Silin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DSilin@lbl.gov; ggoloshubin@uh.edu NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4873-9 PY 2009 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJE10 UT WOS:000265081000009 ER PT B AU Nguyen, BN Kunc, V Bapanapalli, SK AF Nguyen, Ba Nghiep Kunc, Vlastimil Bapanapalli, Satish K. GP ASME TI CREEP MODELING FOR INJECTION-MOLDED LONG-FIBER THERMOPLASTICS SO IMECE 2008: MECHANICS OF SOLIDS, STRUCTURES AND FLUIDS, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID ORIENTATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES; MATRIX AB This paper proposes a model to predict the creep response of injection-molded long, fiber thermoplastics (LFTs). The model accounts for elastic fibers embedded in a thermoplastic resin that exhibits the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior described by the Schapery's model. It also accounts for fiber length and orientation distributions in the composite formed by the injection-molding process. Fiber length and orientation distributions were measured and used in the analysis that applies the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method, the Mori-Tanaka assumption (termed the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach) and the fiber orientation averaging technique to compute the overall strain increment resulting from an overall constant applied stress during a given time increment. The creep model for LFTs has been implemented in the ABAQUS finite element code via user-subroutines and has been validated against the experimental creep data obtained for long-glass-fiber/polypropylene specimens. The effects of Fiber orientation and length distributions on the composite creep response are determined and discussed. C1 [Nguyen, Ba Nghiep; Bapanapalli, Satish K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nguyen, BN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Ba.Nguyen@pnl.gov RI Kunc, Vlastimil/E-8270-2017 OI Kunc, Vlastimil/0000-0003-4405-7917 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4873-9 PY 2009 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJE10 UT WOS:000265081000072 ER PT B AU Bapanapalli, SK Nguyen, BN AF Bapanapalli, Satish K. Nguyen, Ba Nghiep GP ASME TI FORMING PREDICTION OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY SHEETS USING A CONTINUUM DAMAGE MECHANICS MULTISTEP INVERSE APPROACH SO IMECE 2008: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SIMULATION METHODS AND SOFTWARE FOR ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS, VOL 14 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID PARTS AB This paper applies a multistep inverse approach using a new method to generate the intermediate configurations to analyze the press fort-ning of magnesium alloys. The developed approach considers a final configuration to be formed from a flat blank sheet. It accounts for a series of intermediate configurations that are estimated based on the initial and final configurations as well as tooling conditions using optimization techniques. These techniques minimize the sheet metal surface area subject to the constraints imposed on the punch and die. Due to the limited formability of magnesium alloys, it is important to realistically estimate the intermediate configurations so that a damage mechanics approach can be explored to predict damage accumulations that can cause rupture of the sheet during forming. Elastic-plastic constitutive laws are used with the modified Hill's criterion and deformation theory of plasticity to describe the behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloys. Damage is captured by a damage variable that governs the equivalent stress. A damage-plasticity coupled approach is employed for the integration of the constitutive equations. The computed strain increment from two consecutive intermediate configurations is used to predict the resulting damage accumulations during forming. The continuum damage mechanics multistep inverse approach is applied to predict forming of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. C1 [Bapanapalli, Satish K.; Nguyen, Ba Nghiep] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bapanapalli, SK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Ba.Nguyen@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4875-3 PY 2009 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJC22 UT WOS:000264682500004 ER PT B AU McKellar, MG Hawkes, GL O'Brien, JE AF McKellar, M. G. Hawkes, G. L. O'Brien, J. E. GP ASME TI THE PRODUCTION OF SYNGAS VIA HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS AND BIOMASS GASIFICATION SO IMECE 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2008, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB A process model of syngas production using high temperature electrolysis and biomass gasification is presented. Process heat from the biomass gasifier is used to improve the hydrogen production efficiency of the steam electrolysis process. Hydrogen from electrolysis allows a high utilization of the biomass carbon for syngas production. Based on the gasifier temperature, 94% to 95% of the carbon in the biomass becomes carbon monoxide in the syngas (carbon dioxide and hydrogen). Assuming the thermal efficiency of the power cycle for electricity generation is 50%, (as expected from GEN IV nuclear reactors), the syngas production efficiency ranges from 70% to 73% as the gasifier temperature decreases from 1900 K to 1500 K. C1 [McKellar, M. G.; Hawkes, G. L.; O'Brien, J. E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McKellar, MG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Hawkes, Grant/0000-0003-3496-8100 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4869-2 PY 2009 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJG88 UT WOS:000265684200023 ER PT B AU Hawkes, G O'Brien, J AF Hawkes, Grant O'Brien, James GP ASME TI 3D CFD ELECTROCHEMICAL AND HEAT TRANSFER MODEL OF AN INTEGRATED-PLANAR SOLID OXIDE ELECTROLYSIS CELLS SO IMECE 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2008, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; NUCLEAR-ENERGY AB A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) electrochemical model has been created to assess high-temperature electrolysis performance of an Integrated Planar porous-tube-supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (IP-SOEC). The model includes ten integrated planar cells in a segmented-in-series geometry deposited on a flattened ceramic support tube. Mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation and transport are provided via the core features of the commercial CFD code FLUENT. A solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) module adds the electrochemical reactions and loss mechanisms and computation of the electric field throughout the cell. The FLUENT SOFC user-defined subroutine was modified for this work to allow for operation in the SOEC mode. Model results provide detailed profiles of temperature, Nernst potential, operating potential, activation over-potential, anode-side gas composition, cathode-side gas composition, current density and hydrogen production over a range of stack operating conditions. Predicted mean outlet hydrogen and steam concentrations vary linearly with current density, as expected. Contour plots of local electrolyte temperature, Current density, and Nernst potential indicated the effects of hear transfer, endothermic reaction, Ohmic hearing, and change in local gas composition. Results are discussed for using this design in the electrolysis mode. Discussion of. thermal neutral voltage, enthalpy of reaction, hydrogen production is reported herein. Predictions show negative pressure in the H(2) electrode, indicating a possible limit of H(2)O diffusion through the ceramic tube. Minimum temperatures occur in the fuel and air downstream corner of the ceramic tube for voltages below the thermal neutral point. C1 [Hawkes, Grant; O'Brien, James] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hawkes, G (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Hawkes, Grant/0000-0003-3496-8100 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4869-2 PY 2009 BP 417 EP 425 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJG88 UT WOS:000265684200044 ER PT B AU Stoots, C O'Brien, J Herring, J Hartvigsen, J AF Stoots, C. O'Brien, J. Herring, J. Hartvigsen, J. GP ASME TI RECENT PROGRESS AT THE IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY IN HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS FOR HYDROGEN AND SYNGAS PRODUCTION SO IMECE 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2008, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB This paper presents the most recent results of experiments conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) studying electrolysis of steam and coelectrolysis of steam / carbon dioxide in solid-oxide electrolysis stacks. Single button cell tests as well as multi-cell stack testing have been conducted. Multi-cell stack testing used 10 x 10 cm cells (8 x 8 cm active area) supplied by Ceramatec, Inc (Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) and ranged from 10 cell short stacks to 240 cell modules. Tests were conducted either in a bench-scale test apparatus or in a newly developed 5 kW Integrated Laboratory Scale (ILS) test facility. Gas composition, operating voltage, and operating temperature were varied during testing. The tests were heavily instrumented, and outlet gas compositions were monitored with a gas chromatograph. The ILS facility is Currently being expanded to 15 kW testing capacity (H(2) production rate based upon lower heating value). C1 [Stoots, C.; O'Brien, J.; Herring, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stoots, C (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM carl.stoots@inl.gov; james.obrien@ini.gov; j.herring@inl.gov; jjh@ceramatec.com NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4869-2 PY 2009 BP 627 EP 638 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJG88 UT WOS:000265684200066 ER PT B AU O'Brien, JE AF O'Brien, J. E. GP ASME TI THERMODYNAMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR THERMAL WATER SPLITTING PROCESSES AND HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS SO IMECE 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2008, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID NUCLEAR-ENERGY; HYDROGEN; PERFORMANCE AB A general thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen production based on thermal water splitting processes is presented. Results of the analysis show that the overall efficiency of any thermal water splitting process operating between two temperature limits is proportional to the Carnot efficiency. Implications of thermodynamic efficiency limits and the impacts of loss mechanisms and operating conditions are discussed as they pertain specifically to hydrogen production based oil high-temperature electrolysis. Overall system performance predictions are also presented for high-temperature electrolysis plants powered by three different advanced nuclear reactor types, over their respective operating temperature ranges. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP O'Brien, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4869-2 PY 2009 BP 639 EP 651 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJG88 UT WOS:000265684200067 ER PT B AU Housley, GK O'Brien, JE Hawkes, GL AF Housley, G. K. O'Brien, J. E. Hawkes, G. L. GP ASME TI DESIGN OF A COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HEAT RECUPERATION FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS SYSTEM SO IMECE 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2008, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Design details of a compact heat exchanger and Supporting hardware for heat recuperation in a high-temperature electrolysis application are presented. The recuperative heat exchanger uses a vacuum-brazed plate-fin design and operates between 300 and 800 degrees C. It includes corrugated inserts for enhancement of heat transfer coefficients and extended heat transfer surface area. Two recuperative heat exchangers are required per each four-stack electrolysis module. The heat exchangers are mated to a base manifold unit that distributes the inlet and outlet flows to and from the four electrolysis stacks. Results of heat exchanger design calculations and assembly details are also presented. C1 [Housley, G. K.; O'Brien, J. E.; Hawkes, G. L.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Housley, GK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. OI Hawkes, Grant/0000-0003-3496-8100 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4869-2 PY 2009 BP 653 EP 660 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJG88 UT WOS:000265684200068 ER PT B AU Smith, C AF Smith, Curtis GP ASME TI REPRESENTING COMMON-CAUSE FAILURES IN THE SAPHIRE SOFTWARE SO IMECE 2008: SAFETY ENGINEERING, RISK ANALYSIS, AND RELIABILITY METHODS, VOL 16 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB Currently, the risk analysis software SAPHIRE has implemented a common-cause failure (CCF) module to represent standard CCF methods such as alpha-factor and multiple Greek letter approaches. However, changes to SAPHIRE are required to support the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's 2007 "Risk Assessment Standardization Project" CCF analysis guidance for events assessment. This guidance provides an outline of how both the nominal CCF probabilities and conditional (e.g., after a redundant component has failed) CCF probabilities should be calculated. Based upon user-provided input and extending the limitations in the current version of SAPHIRE, the CCF module calculations will be made consistent with the new guidance. The CCF modifications will involve changes to (1) the SAPHIRE graphical user interface directing how end-users and modelers interface with PRA models and (2) algorithmic changes as required. Included in the modifications will be the possibility to treat CCF probability adjustments based upon failure types (e.g., independent versus dependent) and failure modes (e.g., failure-to-run versus failure-to-start). In general, SAPHIRE is being modified to allow the risk analyst to define a CCF object. This object is defined in terms of a basic event. For the CCF object, the analyst would need to specify a minimal set of information, including: The number of redundant components The failure criteria (how many component have to fail) The CCF model type (alpha-factor, MGL, or beta-factor) The parameters (e.g., the alpha-factors) associated with the model Staggered or non-staggered testing assumption Default level of detail (expanded, showing all of the specific failure combinations, or not) This paper will outline both the theory behind the probabilistic calculations and the resulting implementation in the SAPHIRE software. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Smith, C (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4877-7 PY 2009 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJC24 UT WOS:000264685400022 ER PT S AU Rector, DM Yao, XC Harper, RM George, JS AF Rector, David M. Yao, Xincheng Harper, Ronald M. George, John S. BE Frostig, RD TI In Vivo Observations of Rapid Scattered Light Changes Associated with Neurophysiological Activity SO IN VIVO OPTICAL IMAGING OF BRAIN FUNCTION, SECOND EDITION SE Frontiers in Neuroscience LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTRINSIC OPTICAL SIGNALS; SQUID GIANT-AXONS; FREELY BEHAVING ANIMALS; NEAR-INFRARED LIGHT; RAT BARREL CORTEX; FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; NEURAL ACTIVITY; VISUAL-CORTEX; NONINVASIVE DETECTION; EXTRACELLULAR-SPACE C1 [Rector, David M.] Washington State Univ, Dept VCAPP, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Yao, Xincheng] Univ Alabama, Dept Biomed Engn, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Harper, Ronald M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Neurobiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [George, John S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biol & Quantum Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Rector, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept VCAPP, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-5723 BN 978-1-4200-7684-4 J9 FRONT NEUROSCI JI Front. Neurosci. PY 2009 BP 143 EP + D2 10.1201/9781420076851 PG 30 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA BKK00 UT WOS:000268336500005 ER PT J AU Pfeffer, A Das, S Lawles, D Ng, B AF Pfeffer, Avi Das, Subrata Lawles, David Ng, Brenda TI Factored reasoning for monitoring dynamic team and goal formation SO INFORMATION FUSION LA English DT Article DE Particle filtering; Goal detection; Threat detection; Multiagent tracking AB We study the problem of monitoring goals, team structure and state of agents, in dynamic systems where teams and goals change over time. The setting for our study is an asymmetric urban warfare environment in which uncoordinated or loosely coordinated units may attempt to attack an important target. The task is to detect a threat Such as an ambush, as early as possible. We attempt to provide decision-makers with early warnings, by simultaneously monitoring the positions of units, the teams to which they belong, and the goals of units. The hope is that we can detect situations in which teams of units simultaneously make movements headed towards a target, and we can detect their goal before they get to the target. By reasoning about teams, we may be able to detect threats sooner than if we reasoned about units individually. We develop a model in which the state space is decomposed into individual units' positions, team assignments and team goals. When a unit belongs to a team it adopts the team's goal. An individual unit's movement depends only on its own goal, but different units interact as they form teams and adopt new goals. We present an algorithm that simultaneously tracks the positions of units, the team structure and team goals. Goals are inferred from two sources: individual units' behavior, which provides information about their goals, and communications by units, which provides evidence about team formation. Our algorithm reasons globally about interactions between units and team formation, and locally about individual units' behavior. We show that our algorithm performs well at the task, scaling to twenty units. It performs significantly better than several alternative algorithms: standard particle filtering, standard factored particle filtering, and an algorithm that performs all reasoning locally within the units. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pfeffer, Avi] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ng, Brenda] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Pfeffer, A (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM avi@eecs.harvard.edu FU ONR; OSD FX This work has been performed under several contracts funded by ONR and OSD, with special thanks to Dr. Wendy Martinez. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-2535 J9 INFORM FUSION JI Inf. Fusion PD JAN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 SI SI BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.inffus.2008.05.005 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 368TD UT WOS:000260644500008 ER PT B AU Young, RR AF Young, Robert R. BE Wexler, P TI Genetic Toxicology SO INFORMATION RESOURCES IN TOXICOLOGY, 4TH EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Young, RR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1060 Commerce Pk,6480, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 9780-0-80-92003-0 PY 2009 BP 297 EP 305 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-373593-5.00033-1 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BEI30 UT WOS:000316691900038 ER PT B AU LePoire, DJ AF LePoire, David J. BE Wagner, CG TI Sailing and Surfing Through Complexity Emerging Contexts of Energy, Environmental, and Society Transitions SO INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY IN A COMPLEX WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the World-Furture-Society CY JUN 17-JUL 19, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP World Future Soc ID TECHNOLOGY; EVOLUTION; MODELS C1 [LePoire, David J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dlepoire@anl.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD FUTURE SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 4916 ST ELMO AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20014 USA BN 978-0-930242-66-4 PY 2009 BP 227 EP 239 PG 13 WC Social Issues SC Social Issues GA BLG20 UT WOS:000270103400014 ER PT J AU Arce, AJ Chierotti, MR De Sanctis, Y Gobetto, R Gonzalez, T Machado, R Marquez, M AF Arce, Alejandro J. Chierotti, Michele R. De Sanctis, Ysaura Gobetto, Roberto Gonzalez, Teresa Machado, Ruben Marquez, Manuel TI Non-aromatic stabilised form of 3,4-difluoropyrrole at triosmium clusters: N-H and C-H versus C-F activation SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Triosmium clusters; 3,4-Difluoropyrrole; C-F activation ID OXIDATIVE ADDITION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BOND ACTIVATION; COMPLEXES; THIOPHENE; PYRROLE AB Reaction of 3,4-difluoropyrrole with the labile triosmium cluster [Os(3)(CO)(10)(CH(3)CN)(2)] affords products in which C-H, N-H and C-F bonds are cleaved under mild conditions. C-H and N-H bonds are cleaved to give [Os(3)H(N=CCF=CFCH(2))(CO)(10)] (1) a non-aromatic stabilised form of 3,4-difluoropyrrole. Thermolysis of 1 affords in moderate yields the compounds [Os(3)H(2)(C=CCF=CHNH)(CO)(9)] (2) and [Os(3)H(2)(N=CHCF=CFC)(CO)(9)] (3). For compound 3, C-H and N-H bonds are cleaved with concomitant migration of H atoms to the metal framework. In contrast, for compound 2 activation of C-H and C-F bonds leads to coordination of the ligand through the carbon atoms, acting as a four-electron donating species. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Arce, Alejandro J.; De Sanctis, Ysaura; Gonzalez, Teresa; Machado, Ruben] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Chierotti, Michele R.; Gobetto, Roberto] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arce, AJ (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. EM aarce@ivic.ve FU FONACIT [S1-200100065, LAB-97000665] FX We thank FONACIT for Projects S1-200100065 and LAB-97000665. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 362 IS 1 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.025 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 377TV UT WOS:000261274400045 ER PT B AU Beznosko, D Dyshkant, A Jung, CK McGrew, C Pla-Dalmau, A Rykalin, V AF Beznosko, D. Dyshkant, A. Jung, C. K. McGrew, C. Pla-Dalmau, A. Rykalin, V. BE Mcintire, R Donnell, P TI THE COUPLING OF THE MRS PHOTODIODE WITH COATED EXTRUDED SCINTILLATOR USING Y7 AND Y11 WLS FIBERS SO INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, PHOTODIODES AND ORGANIC FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Extruded scintillator with co-extruded hole and reflective coating will be used both in MINERvA and T2K experiments. We have studied WLS (wavelength shifting) fibers (Y11 and Y7) for different shapes of the extruded scintillator readout using MRS (Metal/Resistor/Semiconductor) photodiode. The Y7 fiber was considered because of its lower then Y11 cost. The purpose was to find out which fiber performs better in above configurations. First, the responses for both types of fibers, with and without optical grease, were measured by PMT (Photomultiplier Tube). The PE (photoelectron) yield from cosmic rays for different scintillator shapes and both fiber types, as seen by MRS photodiode, are reported. The attenuation lengths of Y11 and Y7 were measured using MRS Photodiode. Y7 fiber shows somewhat better performance at short distances from the photo detector, while Y11 performs better at larger lengths. C1 [Beznosko, D.; Jung, C. K.; McGrew, C.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Dyshkant, A.; Rykalin, V.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Pla-Dalmau, A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Beznosko, D (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dima@dozory.org NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-660-4 PY 2009 BP 395 EP 403 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BNU62 UT WOS:000275606100014 ER PT S AU Gin, AV Kemme, SA Boye, RR Peters, DW Ihlefeld, JF Briggs, RD Wendt, JR Marshall, LH Carter, TR Samora, S AF Gin, A. V. Kemme, S. A. Boye, R. R. Peters, D. W. Ihlefeld, J. F. Briggs, R. D. Wendt, J. R. Marshall, L. H. Carter, T. R. Samora, S. BE Broquin, JE Greiner, CM TI ACTIVE RESONANT SUBWAVELENGTH GRATING DEVICES FOR HIGH SPEED SPECTROSCOPIC SENSING SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies XIII CY JAN 26-28, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Active Filter; Multi-color; Resonant Subwavelength Grating; Electrooptic Device ID WAVE-GUIDE STRUCTURES; THIN-FILMS AB In this paper, we describe progress towards a multi-color spectrometer and radiometer based upon an active resonant subwavelength grating (RSG). This active RSG component acts as a tunable high-speed optical filter that allows device miniaturization and ruggedization not realizable using current sensors with conventional bulk optics. Furthermore, the geometrical characteristics of the device allow for inherently high speed operation. Because of the small critical dimensions of the RSG devices, the fabrication of these sensors can prove challenging. However, we utilize the state-of-the-art capabilities at Sandia National Laboratories to realize these subwavelength grating devices. This work also leverages previous work on passive RSG devices with greater than 98% efficiency and similar to 1nm FWHM. Rigorous coupled wave analysis has been utilized to design RSG devices with PLZT, PMN-PT and BaTiO(3) electrooptic thin films on sapphire substrates. The simulated interdigitated electrode configuration achieves field strengths around 3x10(7) V/m. This translates to an increase in the refractive index of 0.05 with a 40V bias potential resulting in a 90% contrast of the modulated optical signal. We have fabricated several active RSG devices on selected electro-optic materials and we discuss the latest experimental results on these devices with variable electrostatic bias and a tunable wavelength source around 1.5 mu m. Finally, we present the proposed data acquisition hardware and system integration plans. C1 [Gin, A. V.; Kemme, S. A.; Boye, R. R.; Peters, D. W.; Ihlefeld, J. F.; Briggs, R. D.; Wendt, J. R.; Marshall, L. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gin, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agin@sandia.gov RI Ihlefeld, Jon/B-3117-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7464-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7218 AR 721815 DI 10.1117/12.809645 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BST62 UT WOS:000285748100027 ER PT S AU Gutfraind, A Hagberg, A Pan, F AF Gutfraind, Alexander Hagberg, Aric Pan, Feng BE VanHoeve, WJ Hooker, JN TI Optimal Interdiction of Unreactive Markovian Evaders SO INTEGRATION OF AI AND OR TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING FOR COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatial Optimization Problems CY MAY 27-31, 2009 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID NETWORK AB The interdiction problem arises in a variety of areas including military logistics, infectious disease control, and counter-terrorism. In the typical formulation of network interdiction, the task of the interdictor is to find a set of edges in a weighted network such that the removal of those edges would maximally increase the cost to an evader of traveling on a path through the network. Our work is motivated by cases in which the evader has incomplete information about the network or lacks planning time or computational power, e.g. when authorities set up roadblocks to catch bank robbers, the criminals do not know all the roadblock locations or the best path to use for their escape. We introduce a model of network interdiction in which the motion of one or more evaders is described by Markov processes and the evaders are assumed not to react to interdiction decisions. The interdiction objective is to find an edge set of sire B, that maximizes the probability of capturing the evaders. We prove that similar to the standard least-cost formulation for deterministic motion this interdiction problem is also NP-hard. But unlike that problem our interdiction problem is submodular and the optimal solution can be approximated within 1 - 1/e using a greedy algorithm. Additionally, we exploit submodularity through a priority evaluation strategy that eliminates the linear complexity scaling in the number of network edges and speeds up the solution by orders of magnitude. Taken together the results bring closer the goal of finding realistic solutions to the interdiction problem on global-scale networks. C1 [Gutfraind, Alexander] Cornell Univ, Ctr Appl Math, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hagberg, Aric] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pan, Feng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ris Anal & Decis Support Syst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gutfraind, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ctr Appl Math, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ag362@cornell.edu; hagberg@lanl.gov; fpan@lanl.gov RI Gutfraind, Alexander/E-9641-2011 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX AG would like to thank Jon Kleinberg for inspiring lectures, David Shmoys for a helpful discussion and assistance with software, and Vadas Gintautas for support. Part of this work was funded by the Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-01928-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5547 BP 102 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA BKN06 UT WOS:000268631000009 ER PT J AU LaBarge, MA Nelson, CM Villadsen, R Fridriksdottir, A Ruth, JR Stampfer, MR Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ AF LaBarge, Mark A. Nelson, Celeste M. Villadsen, Rene Fridriksdottir, Agla Ruth, Jason R. Stampfer, Martha R. Petersen, Ole W. Bissell, Mina J. TI Human mammary progenitor cell fate decisions are products of interactions with combinatorial microenvironments SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BREAST EPITHELIAL-CELLS; STEM-CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; ADHESION MOLECULES; CANCER; DIFFERENTIATION; GLAND; MICE; CARCINOMAS; EXPRESSION AB In adult tissues, multi-potent progenitor cells are some of the most primitive members of the developmental hierarchies that maintain homeostasis. That progenitors and their more mature progeny share identical genomes, suggests that fate decisions are directed by interactions with extrinsic soluble factors, ECK and other cells, as well as physical properties of the ECM. To understand regulation of fate decisions, therefore, would require a means of understanding carefully choreographed combinatorial interactions. Here we used microenvironment protein microarrays to functionally identify combinations of cell-extrinsic mammary gland proteins and ECM molecules that imposed specific cell fates oil bipotent human mammary progenitor cells. Micropatterned cell culture surfaces were fabricated to distinguish between the instructive effects of cell-cell versus cell-ECM interactions, as well as constellations of signaling molecules; and these were used ill Conjunction with physiologically relevant 3 dimensional human breast cultures. Both immortalized and primary human breast progenitors were analyzed. We report on the functional ability of those proteins of the mammary gland that maintain quiescence, maintain the progenitor state, and guide progenitor differentiation towards myoepithelial and luminal lineages. C1 [LaBarge, Mark A.; Nelson, Celeste M.; Ruth, Jason R.; Stampfer, Martha R.; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Villadsen, Rene; Fridriksdottir, Agla] Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Med Anat, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP LaBarge, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MALabarge@lbl.gov; MJBissell@lbl.gov RI LaBarge, Mark/E-2621-2013; Fridriksdottir, Agla/O-3768-2015; OI Fridriksdottir, Agla/0000-0002-5582-5996; Villadsen, Rene/0000-0002-5226-381X FU OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy; National Institute of Health [R01CA064786]; U.S. Department of Defense [DAMD170210438, W81XWH-04-1-0582]; European Commission Research Directorates [HPRN-CT-2002-00246]; Danish Research Agency [2107-05-0006]; Danish Cancer Society [DP0763]; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; American Cancer Society FX We thank Drs Charles C. Kim and Adam Carroll from the University of California, San Francisco for lending their expertise in robot operation and microarray analysis. This work was supported by the grants from OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (SC-BSO and a Distinguished Fellow Award to MJB), by National Institute of Health (R01CA064786 to MJB and OWP, and the U.S. Department of Defense (DAMD170210438, an Innovator Award to MJB, and W81XWH-04-1-0582 to CMN). OWP, RV, and AF are supported by The European Commission Research Directorates (contract HPRN-CT-2002-00246), The Danish Research Agency (contract 2107-05-0006), and the Danish Cancer Society (DP0763). CMN holds a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. MAL is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the American Cancer Society. NR 41 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL JI Integr. Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1039/b816472j PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 457ZL UT WOS:000266978200008 PM 20023793 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Gonzalez, R Illa-Bochaca, I Welm, BE Fleisch, MC Werb, Z Ortiz-De-Solorzano, C Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo Illa-Bochaca, Irineu Welm, Bryan E. Fleisch, Markus C. Werb, Zena Ortiz-de-Solorzano, Carlos Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen TI Mapping mammary gland architecture using multi-scale in situ analysis SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPLATE DNA STRANDS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; MUSCLE SATELLITE CELLS; EPITHELIAL STEM-CELLS; HUMAN BREAST; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; PROLIFERATION; EXPRESSION AB We have built a novel computational microscopy platform that integrates image acquisition, storage, processing and analysis to study cell populations in situ. This platform allows high-content studies where multiple features are measured and linked at multiple scales. We used this approach to study the cellular composition and architecture of the mouse mammary gland by quantitatively tracking the distribution and type, position, proliferative state, and hormone receptor status of epithelial cells that incorporated bromodeoxyuridine while undergoing DNA synthesis during puberty and retained this label in the adult gland as a function of tissue structure. Immunofluorescence was used to identify label-retaining cells, as well as epithelial cells expressing the proteins progesterone receptor and P63. Only 3.6% of luminal cells were label-retaining cells, the majority of which did not express the progesterone receptor. Multi-scale in situ analysis revealed that luminal label-retaining cells have a distinct nuclear morphology, are enriched 3.4-fold in large ducts, and are distributed asymmetrically across the tissue. We postulated that LRC enriched in the ventral mammary gland represent progenitor cells. Epithelial cells isolated from the ventral versus the dorsal portion of the gland were enriched for the putative stem cell markers CD24 and CD49f its measured by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Thus, quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of the mammary epithelium across spatial scales identified a previously unrecognized architecture in which the ventral-most, large ducts contain a reservoir of undifferentiated, putative stem cells. C1 [Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Welm, Bryan E.; Werb, Zena] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Welm, Bryan E.; Werb, Zena] Univ Calif San Francisco, Program Biomed Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Ortiz-de-Solorzano, Carlos] Univ Navarra, Ctr Appl Med Res, Morphol & Imaging Grp, Pamplona 31008, Navarre, Spain. [Ortiz-de-Solorzano, Carlos] Univ Navarra, Ctr Appl Med Res, Canc Imaging Lab, Pamplona 31008, Navarre, Spain. [Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo; Illa-Bochaca, Irineu; Fleisch, Markus C.; Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Canc Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fernandez-Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Sloan Kettering Inst, Dev Biol Program, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM mhbarcellos-hoff@nyumc.org RI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/G-3278-2010; Fernandez-Gonzalez, Rodrigo/F-6145-2012; Illa-Bochaca, Irineu/K-3191-2013; Fleisch, Markus/E-4134-2014 OI Ortiz de Solorzano, Carlos/0000-0001-8720-0205; Illa-Bochaca, Irineu/0000-0002-8039-565X; Fleisch, Markus/0000-0002-8966-4721 FU Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program [DAMD 17-03-1-0594, DAMD 17-00-1-0227, DAMD 17-00-1-0306]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Cancer Institute [U01 ES012801] FX The authors would like to thank Rosie Chau, Claudia Kuper and Shraddha Ravani for technical help, Dr Daniel Medina for continued discussion and advice, and Drs Mohamed Bentires-Alj and Mark LaBarge for critical reading of this manuscript. We thank Ignacio Arganda-Carreras for generating the image in the graphical abstract using R3D2. This work was supported by funds from the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program (predoctoral fellowship DAMD 17-03-1-0594 to RFG; grants DAMD 17-00-1-0227 and DAMD 17-00-1-0306 COS) and a grant jointly funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Cancer Institute (U01 ES012801 to MHBH and ZW). The authors declare no competing interests. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL JI Integr. Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1039/b816933k PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 457ZL UT WOS:000266978200009 PM 20023794 ER PT J AU Gama, J Ganguly, A Omitaomu, O Vatsavai, R Gaber, M AF Gama, Joao Ganguly, Auroop Omitaomu, Olufemi Vatsavai, Raju Gaber, Mohamed TI Knowledge discovery from data streams Introduction SO INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gama, Joao] Univ Porto, LIAAD, Oporto, Portugal. [Ganguly, Auroop; Omitaomu, Olufemi; Vatsavai, Raju] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gaber, Mohamed] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Gama, J (reprint author), Univ Porto, LIAAD, Oporto, Portugal. OI Gama, Joao/0000-0003-3357-1195 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1088-467X J9 INTELL DATA ANAL JI Intell. Data Anal. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 403 EP 404 DI 10.3233/IDA-2009-0372 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 461PM UT WOS:000267280500001 ER PT J AU Agovic, A Banerjee, A Ganguly, A Protopopescu, V AF Agovic, Amrudin Banerjee, Arindam Ganguly, Auroop Protopopescu, Vladimir TI Anomaly detection using manifold embedding and its applications in transportation corridors SO INTELLIGENT DATA ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Knowledge Discovery from Data Streams CY 2007 CL Warsaw, POLAND SP Amer Comp Mach AB The formation of secure transportation corridors, where cargoes and shipments from points of entry can be dispatched safely to highly sensitive and secure locations, is a high national priority. One of the key tasks of the program is the detection of anomalous cargo based on sensor readings in truck weigh stations. Due to the high variability, dimensionality, and/or noise content of sensor data in transportation corridors, appropriate feature representation is crucial to the success of anomaly detection methods in this domain. In this paper, we empirically investigate the usefulness of manifold embedding methods for feature representation in anomaly detection problems in the domain of transportation corridors. We focus on both linear methods, such as multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), as well as nonlinear methods, such as locally linear embedding (LLE) and isometric feature mapping (ISOMAP). Our study indicates that such embedding methods provide a natural mechanism for keeping anomalous points away from the dense/normal regions in the embedding of the data. We illustrate the efficacy of manifold embedding methods for anomaly detection through experiments on simulated data as well as real truck data from weigh stations. C1 [Agovic, Amrudin; Banerjee, Arindam] Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. [Ganguly, Auroop; Protopopescu, Vladimir] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Agovic, A (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA. EM agov0002@umn.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1088-467X EI 1571-4128 J9 INTELL DATA ANAL JI Intell. Data Anal. PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3 BP 435 EP 455 DI 10.3233/IDA-2009-0375 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 461PM UT WOS:000267280500004 ER PT S AU Ma, X Djouadi, SM Kuruganti, T Nutaro, JJ Drira, A AF Ma, Xiao Djouadi, Seddik M. Kuruganti, Teja Nutaro, James J. Drira, Anis BE Beji, L Otmane, S Abichou, A TI Estimation over Unreliable Communication Links without Arrival Information of Packet Losses SO INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND AUTOMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Mediterranean Conference on Intelligent Systems and Automation (CISA 2009) CY MAR 23-25, 2009 CL Zarzis, TUNISIA SP Univ Evry Val d Essonne, Natl Sci Res Ctr, Polytechn Sch Tunisia, Tunisian Minist Higher Educat Sci Res & Technol DE Estimation; Kalman filter; packet dropouts; unreliable communication; stochastic control ID SYSTEMS AB This paper considers the estimation of a linear stochastic discrete-time system through an unreliable network. Packet losses from the sensor to the estimator are assumed to follow a Bernoulli distribution, while information loss at any time is not assumed to be available at the receiver. A new estimator is derived from the Kalman filter by using the probability of packet arrivals. It is shown that the new estimator provides a good estimate under unreliable communications with packet losses. The estimator is used successfully in a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller to stabilize an inverted pendulum system and compared to the standard Kalman filter. C1 [Ma, Xiao; Djouadi, Seddik M.; Drira, Anis] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Kuruganti, Teja; Nutaro, James J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ma, X (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM xma4@utk.edu; djouadi@eecs.utk.edu; kurugantipv@ornl.gov; nutarojj@ornl.gov; adrira@utk.edu OI Nutaro, James/0000-0001-7360-2836 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0642-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1107 BP 243 EP + PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA BJD94 UT WOS:000265071000040 ER PT S AU Kerstein, AR AF Kerstein, A. R. BE Hillebrandt, W Kupka, F TI One-Dimensional Turbulence Stochastic Simulation of Multi-Scale Dynamics SO INTERDISCIPLINARY ASPECTS OF TURBULENCE SE Lecture Notes in Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Interdisciplinary Aspects of Turbulence CY 2005 CL Ringberg Castle, GERMANY ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; RAYLEIGH-NUMBER CONVECTION; PREMIXED FLAMES; SCALING PROPERTIES; MODEL FORMULATION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; FLOWS; TRANSPORT; LAYER; STATISTICS C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kerstein, AR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM arkerst@sandia.gov NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 978-3-540-78960-4 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2009 VL 756 BP 291 EP 333 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78961-1_8 PG 43 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BJA00 UT WOS:000264085200008 ER PT S AU Sulchek, T Friddle, R Ratto, T Albrecht, H DeNardo, S Noy, A AF Sulchek, Todd Friddle, Raymond Ratto, Timothy Albrecht, Huguette DeNardo, Sally Noy, Aleksandr BE Sadhal, SS TI Single-Molecule Approach to Understanding Multivalent Binding Kinetics SO INTERDISCIPLINARY TRANSPORT PHENOMENA: FLUID, THERMAL, BIOLOGICAL, MATERIALS, AND SPACE SCIENCES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Interdisciplinary Transport Phenomena - Fluid, Thermal, Biological, Materials and Space Sciences CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem, Bansko, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem DE atomic force microscopy; force spectroscopy; cancer ID DYNAMIC FORCE SPECTROSCOPY; BONDS; ADHESION; ANTIBODIES; DIABODIES; STRENGTH; LIFETIME AB Multivalency results from the simultaneous binding of multiple ligands with multiple receptors. Understanding the effect of multivalency on binding kinetics in molecular and cellular systems may aid the development of new types of therapeutics or countermeasures to pathogen infection. Here, we describe a method using single-molecule dynamic force spectroscopy to determine the binding strength of antibody-protein complexes as a function of binding valency in a direct and simple measurement. We used the atomic force microscope to measure the force required to rupture a single complex formed by the MUC1 protein, a cancer indicator, and therapeutic antibodies that target MUC1. We will show that nanomechanical polymer tethers can be used in a new manner to count the number of biological bonds formed. Mechanical work will disrupt these bonds and can be used to quantify the overall kinetics. This ability to form, count, and dissociate biological bonds with nanomechanical forces provides a powerful method to study the physical laws governing the interactions of biological molecules. C1 [Sulchek, Todd; Friddle, Raymond; Ratto, Timothy; Noy, Aleksandr] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Albrecht, Huguette; DeNardo, Sally] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Sulchek, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM noy1@llnl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development; National Cancer Institute [CA47829] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department: of Energy by the University of Califorina, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; under Contract W-7405-Eng-48, and was supported in part by a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant and National Cancer Institute CA47829 grants. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-712-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.04070.x PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJI88 UT WOS:000266236000006 PM 19426307 ER PT S AU Moreno, A Yokaichiya, F Dimasi, E Stojanoff, V AF Moreno, Abel Yokaichiya, Fabiano Dimasi, Elaine Stojanoff, Vivian BE Sadhal, SS TI Growth and Characterization of High-quality Protein Crystals for X-ray Crystallography SO INTERDISCIPLINARY TRANSPORT PHENOMENA: FLUID, THERMAL, BIOLOGICAL, MATERIALS, AND SPACE SCIENCES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Interdisciplinary Transport Phenomena - Fluid, Thermal, Biological, Materials and Space Sciences CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem, Bansko, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, US Natl Sci Fdn HO Univ SE Calif/Rostislaw Kaichew Inst Phys Chem DE proteins; crystal growth in gels; magnetic fields; lysozyme crystals ID HIGH MAGNETIC-FIELD; LYSOZYME CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; CONVECTION; PERFECTION; GELS AB Tetragonal hen egg white lysozyme is grown by the batch method in solution and gel media to study the influence of high magnetic fields on the quality of macromolecular crystals. The crystallographic quality of crystals grown in the absence and in the presence of 7- and 10-T fields are analyzed in terms of mosaicity and high-resolution X-ray imaging methods. Crystals grown by the batch method from solution showed a remarkable enhancement of the crystallographic quality, although the overall crystal quality was higher for gel-grown crystals than solution-grown crystals. The observed improvement in crystal quality can be attributed to the suppression of convective transport during the crystal growth process and the control of the nucleation kinetics by the use of a magnetic force. C1 [Dimasi, Elaine; Stojanoff, Vivian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Moreno, Abel] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Quim, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Yokaichiya, Fabiano] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, Berlin, Germany. RP Stojanoff, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 725D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM stojanof@bnl.gov RI stojanoff, vivian /I-7290-2012 OI stojanoff, vivian /0000-0002-6650-512X FU Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico by the DGAPA-UNAM; NIH/NIGMS [GM-0080]; [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Project. No 91999 as well as to Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico by the DGAPA-UNAM. The X6A beam line and the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory; are funded by NIH/NIGMS under agreement GM-0080 and Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, respectively: NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-712-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1161 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.04078.x PG 8 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJI88 UT WOS:000266236000035 PM 19426336 ER PT J AU Murray, R Hart, WE Phillips, CA Berry, J Boman, EG Carr, RD Riesen, LA Watson, JP Haxton, T Herrmann, JG Janke, R Gray, G Taxon, T Uber, JG Morley, KM AF Murray, Regan Hart, William E. Phillips, Cynthia A. Berry, Jonathan Boman, Erik G. Carr, Robert D. Riesen, Lee Ann Watson, Jean-Paul Haxton, Terra Herrmann, Jonathan G. Janke, Robert Gray, George Taxon, Thomas Uber, James G. Morley, Kevin M. TI US Environmental Protection Agency Uses Operations Research to Reduce Contamination Risks in Drinking Water SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INFORMS Practice Conference CY APR 14, 2008 CL Baltimore, MD DE homeland security; water security; sensor placement; integer programming: applications; government services: water; facilities-equipment planning: location ID SENSOR PLACEMENT; OUTBREAK; MILWAUKEE; SYSTEMS AB The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the lead federal agency for the security of drinking water in the United States. The agency is responsible for providing information and technical assistance to the more than 50,000 water utilities across the country. The distributed physical layout of drinking-water utilities makes them inherently vulnerable to contamination incidents caused by terrorists. To counter this threat, the EPA is using operations research to design, test, and deploy contamination warning systems (CWSs) that rapidly detect the presence of contaminants in drinking water. We developed a software tool to optimize the design process, published a decision-making process to assist utilities in applying the tool, pilot-tested the tool on nine large water utilities, and provided training and technical assistance to a larger group of utilities. We formed a collaborative team of industry, academia, and government to critique our approach and share CWS deployment experiences. Our work has demonstrated that a CWS is a cost-effective, timely, and capable method of detecting a broad range of contaminants. Widespread application of these new systems will significantly reduce the risks associated with catastrophic contamination incidents: the median estimated fatalities reduction for the nine utilities already studied is 48 percent; the corresponding economic-impact reduction is over $19 billion. Because of this operations research program, online monitoring programs, such as a CWS, are now the accepted technology for reducing contamination risks in drinking water. C1 [Murray, Regan; Haxton, Terra; Herrmann, Jonathan G.; Janke, Robert] US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Hart, William E.; Phillips, Cynthia A.; Berry, Jonathan; Boman, Erik G.; Carr, Robert D.; Riesen, Lee Ann; Watson, Jean-Paul] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gray, George] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Taxon, Thomas] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Uber, James G.] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Morley, Kevin M.] Amer Water Works Assoc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Murray, R (reprint author), US EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM murray.regan@epa.gov; wehart@sandia.gov; caphill@sandia.gov; jberry@sandia.gov; egboman@sandia.gov; rdcarr@sandia.gov; lafisk@sandia.gov; jwatson@sandia.gov; haxton.terra@epa.gov; herrmann.jonathan@epa.gov; janke.robert@epa.gov; gray.george@epa.gov; tntaxon@anl.gov; jim.uber@uc.edu; kmorley@awwa.org RI uber, james/E-7189-2010 NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 22 PU INFORMS PI CATONSVILLE PA 5521 RESEARCH PARK DR, SUITE 200, CATONSVILLE, MD 21228 USA SN 0092-2102 EI 1526-551X J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 39 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1287/inte.1080.0415 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 406EP UT WOS:000263278100007 ER PT S AU Armitage, J Bryman, D Cousins, T Gallant, G Jason, A Jonkmans, G Noel, S Oakham, G Stocki, TJ Waller, D AF Armitage, John Bryman, Douglas Cousins, Thomas Gallant, Grant Jason, Andrew Jonkmans, Guy Noel, Scott Oakham, Gerald Stocki, Trevor J. Waller, David BE BharuthRam, K TI Cosmic Ray Inspection and Passive Tomography for SNM Detection SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY JUN 14-20, 2009 CL Crete, GREECE DE drift chamber; muon scattering; muon tomography; extruded scintillator tracker; special nuclear material; cosmic rays ID MUON RADIOGRAPHY; CHAMBERS AB The Cosmic Ray Inspection and Passive Tomography (CRIPT) project has recently started investigating the detection of illicit Special Nuclear Material in cargo using cosmic ray muon tomography and complementary neutron detectors. We are currently performing simulation studies to help with the design of small scale prototypes. Based on the prototype tests and refined simulations, we will determine whether the muon tracking system for the full scale prototype will be based on drift chambers or extruded scintillator trackers. An analysis of the operations of the Port of Montreal has determined how long muon scan times should take if all or a subset of the cargo is to be screened. As long as the throughput of the muon system(s) is equal to the rate at which containers are unloaded from ships, the impact on port operations would not be great if a muon scanning stage were required for all cargo. We also show preliminary simulation results indicating that excellent separation between Al, Fe and Pb is possible under ideal conditions. The discrimination power is reduced but still significant when realistic momentum resolution measurements are considered. C1 [Armitage, John; Oakham, Gerald] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Bryman, Douglas] Adv Appl Phys Solut, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Cousins, Thomas; Noel, Scott] Int Safety Res, Ottawa K2E 7J6, ON, Canada. [Gallant, Grant] Canadian Border Serv Agcy, Lab & Sci Serv Directorat, Ottawa K2E 6T7, ON, Canada. [Jason, Andrew] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H817, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Jonkmans, Guy] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Stocki, Trevor J.] Radiat Protect Bur, Hlth Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, ON, Canada. [Waller, David] Def Res & Dev Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. RP Armitage, J (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, 1125 Colonel Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. FU Government of Canada's Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI) as CRTI [08-0214RD] FX This work was funded under the Government of Canadas Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosives Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI) as CRTI Project 08-0214RD. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0731-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1194 BP 24 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3275662 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BOB01 UT WOS:000276072700003 ER PT S AU Jones, JL Sterbentz, JW Yoon, WY Norman, DR AF Jones, J. L. Sterbentz, J. W. Yoon, W. Y. Norman, D. R. BE BharuthRam, K TI Bremsstrahlung versus Monoenergetic Photon Dose and Photonuclear Stimulation Comparisons at Long Standoff Distances SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY JUN 14-20, 2009 CL Crete, GREECE DE Bremsstrahlung; Monoenergetic photons; Photonuclear interactions AB Energetic photon sources with energies greater than 6 MeV continue to be recognized as viable source for various types of inspection applications, especially those related to nuclear and/or explosive material detection. These energetic photons can be produced as a continuum of energies (i.e., bremsstrahlung) or as a set of one or more discrete photon energies (i.e., monoenergetic). This paper will provide a follow-on extension of the photon dose comparison presented at the 9(th) International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques (June 2008). Our previous paper showed the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the photon doses provided by these two energetic interrogation sources and highlighted the higher energy advantage of the bremsstrahlung source, especially at long standoff distances (i.e., distance from source to the inspected object). This paper will pursue higher energy photon inspection advantage (up to 100 MeV) by providing dose and stimulated photonuclear interaction predictions in air and for an infinitely dilute interrogated material (used for comparative interaction rate assessments since it excludes material self-shielding) as the interrogation object positioned forward on the inspection beam axis at increasing standoff distances. In addition to the direct energetic photon-induced stimulation, the predictions will identify the importance of secondary downscattered/anenuated source-term effects arising from the photon transport in the intervening air environment. C1 [Jones, J. L.; Sterbentz, J. W.; Yoon, W. Y.; Norman, D. R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,MS 2802, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM james.jones@inl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0731-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1194 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1063/1.3275665 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BOB01 UT WOS:000276072700005 ER PT S AU Sampayan, S Caporaso, G Chen, YJ Carazo, V Falabella, S Guethlein, G Guse, S Harris, JR Hawkins, S Holmes, C Krogh, M Nelson, S Paul, AC Pearson, D Poole, B Schmidt, R Sanders, D Selenes, K Sitaraman, S Sullivan, J Wang, L Watson, J AF Sampayan, S. Caporaso, G. Chen, Y-J. Carazo, V. Falabella, S. Guethlein, G. Guse, S. Harris, J. R. Hawkins, S. Holmes, C. Krogh, M. Nelson, S. Paul, A. C. Pearson, D. Poole, B. Schmidt, R. Sanders, D. Selenes, K. Sitaraman, S. Sullivan, J. Wang, L. Watson, J. BE BharuthRam, K TI ULTRA-COMPACT ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGIES FOR APPLICATION IN NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY JUN 14-20, 2009 CL Crete, GREECE DE Linear Accelerator; Nuclear Detection AB We report on compact accelerator technology development for potential use as a pulsed neutron source quantitative post verifier. The technology is derived from our on-going compact accelerator technology development program for radiography under the US Department of Energy and for a clinic sized compact proton therapy systems under an industry sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement. The accelerator technique relies on the synchronous discharge of a prompt pulse generating stacked transmission line structure with the beam transit. The goal of this technology is to achieve similar to 10 MV/m gradients for 10s of nanoseconds pulses and similar to 100 MV/m gradients for similar to 1 ns systems. As a post verifier for supplementing existing x-ray equipment, this system can remain in a charged, stand-by state with little or no energy consumption. We describe the progress of our overall component development effort with the multilayer dielectric wall insulators (i.e., the accelerator wall), compact power supply technology, kHz repetition-rate surface flashover ion sources, and the prompt pulse generation system consisting of wide-bandgap switches and high performance dielectric materials. C1 [Sampayan, S.; Caporaso, G.; Chen, Y-J.; Falabella, S.; Guethlein, G.; Harris, J. R.; Hawkins, S.; Holmes, C.; Nelson, S.; Paul, A. C.; Poole, B.; Sanders, D.; Sitaraman, S.; Sullivan, J.; Wang, L.; Watson, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Beam Res Program, POB 808 L-645, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Carazo, V.] MMech, State Coll, PA 16803 USA. [Guse, S.; Pearson, D.; Schmidt, R.] CPAC Inc, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Krogh, M.] Univ Missouri, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Selenes, K.] TPL Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Sampayan, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Beam Res Program, POB 808 L-645, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0731-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1194 BP 69 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3275669 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BOB01 UT WOS:000276072700008 ER PT S AU Warren, G Caggiano, J Peplowski, P AF Warren, Glen Caggiano, Jac Peplowski, Patrick BE BharuthRam, K TI Potential Applications of Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Applications of Nuclear Techniques CY JUN 14-20, 2009 CL Crete, GREECE DE Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence; Applications AB Nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) is a photon-based active interrogation approach that provides isotope-specific signatures that can be used to detect and characterize samples. Photon energies are in the range of a few MeV, so that penetration through significant material is possible. Unlike other active interrogation techniques that are based on inducing fission, NRF is sensitive to a wide range of isotopes: for example (11)B, (12)C, (13)C, (14)N, (16)O, (27)Al, (208)Pb, (235)U, (238)U and (239)Pu just to name a few. NRF is most likely to outperform existing technologies for applications requiring isotopic information of sealed samples. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is conducting a review of potential applications that could be addressed by NRF techniques. These applications cover a wide range of topics, from geo-location, to material assay, to safeguarding the nuclear fuel cycle. The objective of the project is to search for potential applications, define technical requirements, identify physical limitations, conduct an initial assessment of the technique and design a research approach for developing the applications. In this report, our current progress on will be presented. C1 [Warren, Glen; Caggiano, Jac; Peplowski, Patrick] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Warren, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 999 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RI Peplowski, Patrick/I-7254-2012 OI Peplowski, Patrick/0000-0001-7154-8143 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0731-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1194 BP 106 EP 119 DI 10.1063/1.3275653 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BOB01 UT WOS:000276072700014 ER PT S AU Colgan, J Reddish, TJ Huetz, A Bolognesi, P Avaldi, L Gisselbrecht, M Lavollee, M Pindzola, MS AF Colgan, J. Reddish, T. J. Huetz, A. Bolognesi, P. Avaldi, L. Gisselbrecht, M. Lavollee, M. Pindzola, M. S. BA Dowek, D BF Dowek, D BE Bennani, A Lablanquie, P Maquet, A TI The 'KER' effect in the double photoionization of H-2 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANY PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMS, MOLECULES, CLUSTERS AND SURFACES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Many Particle Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules, Clusters and Surfaces CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2008 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Univ Paris, CNRS, LCAM, LIXAM, LCPMR ID MOLECULE AB Recent experimental and theoretical work examining the double photoionization of H-2 has uncovered surprising changes in the fully differential cross sections as a function of the kinetic energy released to the protons (which is equivalent to different internuclear separations of the molecule). We describe the recent joint theoretical and experimental investigations which have uncovered the physical reasons for this phenomenon. We show that the observed variations are solely due to the epsilon(Sigma) component of the polarization vector along the molecular axis. Our conclusions are supported by further investigations of the photoionization of H-2(+), in which similar dramatic variations in the photoelectron angular distributions for the sigma(g) -> sigma(u) transition are found as the internuclear separation is varied. The angular distributions for the sigma(g) -> pi(u) transition show little dependence on the internuclear separation. C1 [Colgan, J.; Reddish, T. J.; Huetz, A.; Bolognesi, P.; Avaldi, L.; Gisselbrecht, M.; Lavollee, M.; Pindzola, M. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgan, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jcolgan@lanl.gov RI Gisselbrecht, Mathieu/K-6722-2015; OI Gisselbrecht, Mathieu/0000-0003-0257-7607; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858; Bolognesi, Paola/0000-0002-6543-6628 FU EU; NSERC; UoW; US DOE through Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); US DOE through NSF; DOE FX We would like to thank the staff at Elettra and the Gas Phase beamline team for their invaluable assistance, and EU, NSERC and UoW for their finacial support. Some of this work was performed under the auspices of the US DOE through Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and through NSF and DOE grants to Auburan University. Computational work was carried out at NERSC in Oakland CA, the NCCS in Oak Ridge, TN, and through LANL Institutional Computing Resources. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 141 AR 012004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/141/1/012004 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BJP91 UT WOS:000266976500004 ER PT B AU Keisler, JM Buehring, WA AF Keisler, Jeffrey M. Buehring, William A. BE Thai, KV TI How Many Vendors Does It Take to Screw Down a Price? A Primer on Competition in Procurement SO INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SE Public Administration and Public Policy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY; REVEALED PREFERENCES C1 [Keisler, Jeffrey M.] Univ Massachusetts, Coll Management, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Buehring, William A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Keisler, JM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Coll Management, Boston, MA 02125 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-5457-6 J9 PUBLIC ADM PUBLIC PO PY 2009 VL 146 BP 211 EP 229 PG 19 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA BJO25 UT WOS:000266890200010 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Chen, EP Fang, HE Zhang, HW Zhuang, Z AF Chen, Z. Chen, E. P. Fang, H. E. Zhang, H. W. Zhuang, Z. TI SPECIAL ISSUE Multiscale Model-Based Simulation with Applications to Nano and Bio Systems For the 8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chen, Z.] Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Chen, E. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Based Mat Modeling Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Fang, H. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Zhang, H. W.] Dalian Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China. [Zhuang, Z.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2009 VL 7 IS 3 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 463LI UT WOS:000267433300001 ER PT J AU Jain, K Wu, C Atre, SV Jovanovic, G Narayanan, V Kimura, S Sprenkle, V Canfield, N Roy, S AF Jain, Kartavya Wu, Carl Atre, Sundar V. Jovanovic, Goran Narayanan, Vinod Kimura, Shoichi Sprenkle, Vincent Canfield, Nathan Roy, Sukumar TI Synthesis of Nanoparticles in High Temperature Ceramic Microreactors: Design, Fabrication and Testing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Microreactors as a novel concept in chemical technology enable the introduction of new reaction procedures in chemistry, pharmaceutical industry, and molecular biology. These miniaturized reaction systems offer many exceptional technical advantages for a large number of applications. One major application is in the bulk synthesis of nanoparticles. Despite the availability of a plethora of nanoparticle synthesis processes, there exist many difficulties in controlling the shape, size, and purity of nanoparticles in large quantities in a safe and cost-effective manner. These difficulties have been the principal factors adversely limiting the applications of ceramic nanoparticles. Recent experiments have shown that to study the process of growth and formation of nanoparticles, a reactor having much smaller dimensions, namely a microreactor is more appropriate. These studies have also shown that a microchannel reactor provides control over the mean residence time and hence over the nanoparticle size and shape. This paper deals with the design, fabrication, and testing issues related to a high temperature, ceramic microreactor by investigating the use of reactive gas streams in arrays of microchannel reactors. These innovations offer the potential to overcome the barriers associated with synthesis of ceramic nanoparticles in large quantities. C1 [Jain, Kartavya; Wu, Carl; Atre, Sundar V.; Jovanovic, Goran; Narayanan, Vinod; Kimura, Shoichi] Oregon State Univ, Oregon Nanosci & Microtechnol Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Sprenkle, Vincent; Canfield, Nathan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Roy, Sukumar] Bharat Heavy Elect Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Jain, K (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Oregon Nanosci & Microtechnol Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Sundar.Atre@oregonstate.edu FU Air Force Research Laboratory [FA8650-05-1-5041] FX This material is based on research sponsored by Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-05-1-5041. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of Air Force Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 410 EP 419 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02285.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 436PK UT WOS:000265426100007 ER PT J AU Chen, J AF Chen, Jin TI Pseudo-transient continuation-based variable relaxation solver in nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE nonlinear anisotropic transport; pseudo-transient continuation; variable relaxation; Jacobian free Newton Krylov iteration; nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic simulation AB Efficient and robust Variable Relaxation Solver, based on pseudo-transient continuation, is developed to solve nonlinear anisotropic thermal conduction arising from fusion plasma simulations. By adding first- and/or second-order artificial time derivatives to the system, this type of method advances the resulting time-dependent nonlinear PDEs to steady state, which is the solution to be sought. In this process, only the stiffness matrix itself is involved so that the numerical complexity and errors can be greatly reduced. In fact, this work is an extension of integrating efficient linear elliptic solvers for fusion simulation on Cray X1E. Two schemes are derived in this work, first- and second-order variable relaxations. Four factors are observed to be critical for efficiency and preservation of solution's symmetric structure arising from periodic boundary condition: refining meshes in different coordinate directions, initializing nonlinear process, varying time steps in both temporal and spatial directions, and accurately generating nonlinear stiffness matrix. First finer mesh scale should be taken in strong transport direction; next the system is carefully initialized by the solution with linear conductivity; third, time step and relaxation factor are vertex-based varied and optimized at each time step; finally, the nonlinear stiffness matrix is updated by just scaling corresponding linear one with the vector generated from nonlinear thermal conductivity. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM jchen@pppl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-76CH03073] FX This work is supported by DOE Contract DE-AC02-76CH03073. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7160 J9 INT J COMPUT MATH JI Int. J. Comput. Math. PY 2009 VL 86 IS 8 BP 1473 EP 1482 AR PII 794948968 DI 10.1080/00207160701874805 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 542UC UT WOS:000273521500015 ER PT J AU Zeng, XQ Li, GZ Wu, GF Yang, JY Yang, MQ AF Zeng, Xue-Qiang Li, Guo-Zheng Wu, Geng-Feng Yang, Jack Y. Yang, Mary Qu TI Irrelevant gene elimination for Partial Least Squares based Dimension Reduction by using feature probes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA MINING AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article CT 22nd ACM Symposium on Applied Computing CY MAR 11-15, 2007 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP ACM DE PLS; partial least squares; dimension reduction; gene selection; microarray analysis; data mining; bioinformatics ID EXPRESSION MICROARRAY DATA; TUMOR CLASSIFICATION; CANCER; PREDICTION; REGRESSION; PATTERNS AB It is hard to analyse gene expression data which has only a few observations but with thousands of measured genes. Partial Least Squares based Dimension Reduction (PLSDR) is superior for handling such high dimensional problems, but irrelevant features will introduce errors into the dimension reduction process. Here, feature selection is applied to filter the data and an algorithm named PLSDR(g) is described by integrating PLSDR with gene elimination, which is performed by the indication of t-statistic scores on standardised probes. Experimental results on six microarray data sets show that PLSDR(g) is effective and reliable to improve generalisation performance of classifiers. C1 [Li, Guo-Zheng] Tongji Univ, Dept Control Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Xue-Qiang; Wu, Geng-Feng] Shanghai Univ, Sch Comp Engn & Sci, Shanghai 200072, Peoples R China. [Yang, Jack Y.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Yang, Jack Y.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Yang, Mary Qu] NHGRI, NIH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. [Yang, Mary Qu] US DOE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Li, GZ (reprint author), Tongji Univ, Dept Control Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201804, Peoples R China. EM stamina_zeng@shu.edu.cn; drgzli@gmail.com; gfwu@shu.edu.cn; yang@hadron.mgh.Harvard.edu; yangma@mail.NIH.GOV RI Li, Guo-Zheng /D-5744-2011 OI Li, Guo-Zheng /0000-0001-5568-0347 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1748-5673 J9 INT J DATA MIN BIOIN JI Int. J. Data Min. Bioinform. PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 85 EP 103 PG 19 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 438FN UT WOS:000265541400007 PM 19432378 ER PT J AU Peterson, LE Coleman, MA AF Peterson, Leif E. Coleman, Matthew A. TI Logistic ensembles of Random Spherical Linear Oracles for microarray classification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA MINING AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE ensemble classifier fusion; random linear oracle; principal directions; hyperplanes; PCs; principal components; microarrays; RSLO; random spherical linear oracles ID GENE-EXPRESSION; PROSTATE-CANCER; EXPERTS; PREDICTION; MIXTURE; DIVERSITY; SELECTION; TUMOR AB Random Spherical Linear Oracles (RSLO) for DNA microarray gene expression data are proposed for classifier fusion. RSLO employs random hyperplane splits of samples in the principal component score space based on the first three principal components (X, Y, Z) of the input feature set. Hyperplane splits are used to assign training(testing) samples to separate logistic regression mini-classifiers, which increases the diversity of voting results since errors are not shared across mini-classifiers. We recommend use of RSLO with 3-4 10-fold CV and re-partitioning samples randomly every ten iterations prior to each 10-fold CV. This equates to a total of 30-40 iterations. C1 [Peterson, Leif E.] Methodist Hosp, Res Inst, Ctr Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Coleman, Matthew A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Peterson, LE (reprint author), Methodist Hosp, Res Inst, Ctr Biostat, 6535 Fannin, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM lepeterson@tmhs.org; coleman16@llnl.gov OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018; Peterson, Leif/0000-0002-1187-0883 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1748-5673 J9 INT J DATA MIN BIOIN JI Int. J. Data Min. Bioinform. PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 SI SI BP 382 EP 397 PG 16 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 532CR UT WOS:000272722100003 PM 20052903 ER PT J AU Taylor, RC Singhal, M Daly, DS Gilmore, J Cannon, WR Domico, K White, AM Auberry, DL Auberry, KJ Hooker, BS Hurst, G McDermott, JE McDonald, WH Pelletier, DA Schmoyer, D Wiley, HS AF Taylor, Ronald C. Singhal, Mudita Daly, Don S. Gilmore, Jason Cannon, William R. Domico, Kelly White, Amanda M. Auberry, Deanna L. Auberry, Kenneth J. Hooker, Brian S. Hurst, Greg McDermott, Jason E. McDonald, W. Hayes Pelletier, Dale A. Schmoyer, Denise Wiley, H. Steven TI An analysis pipeline for the inference of protein-protein interaction networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA MINING AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE network inference pipeline; protein-protein interactions; networks; MS; mass spectrometry; Bayesian ID GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS; CELLULAR NETWORKS; DATABASE; ANNOTATION; PROTEOMES; COMPLEXES; BIOVERSE AB We present a platform for the reconstruction of protein-protein interaction networks inferred from Mass Spectrometry (MS) bait-prey data. The Software Environment for Biological Network Inference (SEBINI), an environment for the deployment of network inference algorithms that use high-throughput data, forms the platform core. Among the many algorithms available in SEBINI is the Bayesian Estimator of Probabilities of Protein-Protein Associations (BEPro3) algorithm, which is used to infer interaction networks from such MS affinity isolation data. Also, the pipeline incorporates the Collective Analysis of Biological Interaction Networks (CABIN) software. We have thus created a structured workflow for protein-protein network inference and supplemental analysis. C1 [Taylor, Ronald C.; Singhal, Mudita] US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gilmore, Jason] Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. [Domico, Kelly] Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Hurst, Greg; Pelletier, Dale A.; Schmoyer, Denise] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McDonald, W. Hayes] Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Mass Spectrometry Res Ctr, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Taylor, RC (reprint author), US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, POB 999,MS K7-90, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ronald.taylor@pnl.gov; mudita.singhal@pnl.gov; ds.daly@pnl.gov; jason.m.gilmore@dartmouth.edu; william.cannon@pnl.gov; kelly.domico@pnl.gov; amanda.white@pnl.gov; deanna.auberry@pnl.gov; kenneth.auberry@pnl.gov; brian.hooker@pnl.gov; hursgb@ornl.gov; jason.mcdermott@pnl.gov; hayes.mcdonald@vanderbilt.edu; pelletierda@ornl.gov; schmoyerdd@ornl.gov; steven.wiley@pnl.gov RI Pelletier, Dale/F-4154-2011; Cannon, William/K-8411-2014; McDonald, W. Hayes/B-4109-2016; OI Cannon, William/0000-0003-3789-7889; McDonald, W. Hayes/0000-0002-3510-426X; Hurst, Gregory/0000-0002-7650-8009; Wiley, Steven/0000-0003-0232-6867; Hooker, Brian/0000-0003-2010-1899; McDermott, Jason/0000-0003-2961-2572; Taylor, Ronald/0000-0001-9777-9767 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830]; ORNL/PNNL Microbial Protein-Protein Interactions (MiPPI) [43930]; PNNL's William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL); EMSL Grand Challenge FX The research described in this paper was initially conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), a multiprogramme national laboratory operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. Also, work for Rhodopseudomonas palustris has been supported by the joint ORNL/PNNL Microbial Protein-Protein Interactions (MiPPI) project for the GTL Center for Molecular and Cellular Systems, project # 43930, US Dept of Energy. In addition, SEBINI has been supported by PNNL's William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL) and the EMSL Grand Challenge in Membrane Biology project. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1748-5673 J9 INT J DATA MIN BIOIN JI Int. J. Data Min. Bioinform. PY 2009 VL 3 IS 4 SI SI BP 409 EP 430 PG 22 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 532CR UT WOS:000272722100005 PM 20052905 ER PT J AU Gu, Y Wu, QS Zhu, MX Rao, NSV AF Gu, Yi Wu, Qishi Zhu, Mengxia Rao, Nageswara S. V. TI Complexity Analysis of Pipeline Mapping Problems in Distributed Heterogeneous Networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Computational complexity; NP-complete; Distributed computing; Pipeline mapping AB Largescale scientific applications require using various system resources to execute complex computing pipelines in distributed networks to support collaborative research. System resources are typically shared in the Internet or over dedicated connections based on their location, availability, capability, and capacity. Optimizing the network performance of computing pipelines in such distributed environments is critical to the success of these applications. We consider two types of largescale distributed applications: interactive applications where a single dataset is sequentially processed along a pipeline; and streaming applications where a series of datasets continuously flow through a pipeline. The computing pipelines of these applications consist of a number of modules executed in a linear order in network environments with heterogeneous resources under different constraints. Our goal is to find an efficient mapping scheme that allocates the modules of a pipeline to network nodes for minimum endtoend delay or maximum frame rate. We formulate the pipeline mappings in distributed environments as optimization problems and categorize them into six classes with different optimization goals and mapping constraints: Minimum Endtoend Delay with No Node Reuse (MEDNNR), Minimum Endtoend Delay with Contiguous Node Reuse (MEDCNR), Minimum Endtoend Delay with Arbitrary Node Reuse (MEDANR), Maximum Frame Rate with No Node Reuse or Share (MFRNNRS), Maximum Frame Rate with Contiguous Node Reuse and Share (MFRCNRS), and Maximum Frame Rate with Arbitrary Node Reuse and Share (MFRANRS). Here, contiguous node reuse means that multiple contiguous modules along the pipeline may run on the same node and arbitrary node reuse imposes no restriction on node reuse. Note that in interactive applications, a node can be reused but its resource is not shared. We prove that MEDANR is polynomially solvable and the rest are NP-complete. MEDANR, where either contiguous or noncontiguous modules in the pipeline can be mapped onto the same node, is essentially the Maximum n-hop Shortest Path problem, and can be solved using a dynamic programming method. In MEDNNR and MFRNNRS, any network node can be used only once, which requires selecting the same number of nodes for onetoone onto mapping. We show its NP-completeness by reducing from the Hamiltonian Path problem. Node reuse is allowed in MEDCNR, MFRCNRS and MFRANRS, which are similar to the Maximum n-hop Shortest Path problem that considers resource sharing. We prove their NP-completeness by reducing from the Disjoint-Connecting-Path Problem and Widest path with the Linear Capacity Constraints problem, respectively. C1 [Gu, Yi; Wu, Qishi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Zhu, Mengxia] So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM qishiwu@memphis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 2 EP 2 AR PII 908299432 DI 10.1080/15501320802498372 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 431ZR UT WOS:000265103800002 ER PT J AU Lin, YY Wu, QS Rao, NSV Zhu, MX AF Lin, Yunyue Wu, Qishi Rao, Nageswara S. V. Zhu, Mengxia TI Advance Bandwidth Scheduling Algorithms in Dedicated Networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Computational complexity; Bandwidth scheduling; Dedicated network AB An increasing number of high performance research network testbeds and production networks have the capability of provisioning dedicated channels for high speed data transfer in support of large scale scientific applications. Each dedicated channel in these networks typically consists of one or more physical links that are shared by multiple applications in both time and bandwidth through in advance reservation. The design of efficient bandwidth scheduling algorithms is critical to maximizing the utilization of dedicated network resources and meeting diverse end-to-end transport performance requirements. The topology of a dedicated network is represented by a graph, where each link maintains a list of residual bandwidths specified as segmented constant functions of time. Given a graph with an aggregated time-bandwidth table combining the reservation information on all links, designated source, and destination vertices, and a specified data size, we formulate and investigate five bandwidth scheduling problems to minimize the data transfer end time under different path and bandwidth constraints. variable path with variable bandwidth (VPVB), which computes the widest (highest bandwidth) path in each time slot; fixed path with variable bandwidth (FPVB), which computes a fixed path with varying bandwidths across different time slots; variable path with fixed bandwidth (VPFB), which computes one path in each time slot with the same bandwidth; fixed path with fixed bandwidth (FPFB), which computes a fixed path with a constant bandwidth; and multiple fixed paths with fixed bandwidths (MFPFB), which computes multiple concurrent fixed paths with constant bandwidths. Among these problems, VPVB represents the most flexible scenario where the network resources are fully utilized and the minimal transfer end time is achieved, while FPFB imposes the most stringent transport conditions by fixing both path and bandwidth. We design an optimal algorithm for each of these scheduling problems. VPVB is solved using an extension of the classical Dijkstra's algorithm, and FPVB is solved using Maximum Permutation Algorithm, which tries all possible permutations of throughputs at different time slots to obtain the minimal transfer end time. The algorithm for VPFB, FPFB, and MFPFB are based on Adjacent Time Slots Search, which finds the minimum transfer end time by examining the possibility of data transfer in any number of contiguous time slots. All these algorithms are of polynomial or pseudo polynomial time complexity with respect to the network size and the total number of time slots in a bandwidth reservation table. C1 [Lin, Yunyue; Wu, Qishi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zhu, Mengxia] So Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Lin, YY (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM ylin1@memphis.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 AR PII 908299996 DI 10.1080/15501320802498380 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 431ZR UT WOS:000265103800003 ER PT J AU Madan, RN Rao, NSV AF Madan, Rabinder N. Rao, Nageswara S. V. TI A Perspective on Information Fusion Problems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Information fusion; Empirical estimation; Distributed detection; Isolation fuser; Projective fuser AB Information fusion problems have a rich history spanning four centuries and several disciplines as diverse as political economy, reliability engineering, target tracking, bioinformatics, forecasting, distributed detection, robotics, cyber security, nuclear engineering, distributed sensor networks, and others. Over the past decade, the area of information fusion has been established as a discipline by itself with several contributions to its foundations as well as applications. In a basic formulation of the information fusion problem, each component is characterized by a probability distribution. The goal is to estimate a fusion rule for combining the outputs of components to achieve a specified objective such as better performance or functionality compared to the components. If the sensor error distributions are known, several fusion rule estimation problems have been formulated and solved using deterministic methods. In the area of pattern recognition a weighted majority fuser was shown to be optimal in combining outputs from pattern recognizers under statistical independence conditions. A simpler version of this problem corresponds to the Condorcet Jury theorem proposed in 1786. This result was rediscovered since then in other disciplines including by von Neumann in 1959 in building reliable computing devices. The distributed detection problem, studied extensively in the target tracking area, can be viewed as a generalization of the above two problems. In these works, the underlying distributions are assumed to be known, which is quite reasonable in the areas these methods are applied. In a different formulation, we consider estimating the fuser based on empirical data when no information is available about the underlying distributions of components. Using the empirical estimation methods, this problem is shown to be solvable in principle, and the fuser performance may be sharpened based on the specific formulation. The isolation fusers perform at least as good as best component, and the projective fusers perform as good as best combination of components. In a special case of function estimation, each component could be a potential function estimator, radial basis function, nearest neighbor estimator, regressogram, kernel estimator, regression tree or another estimator. A projective fuser based on a nearest neighbor concept has been proposed based on Voronoi regions in this case. Under fairly general smoothness and non-smoothness conditions on the individual estimators, the expected fuser error is close to optimal with a specified probability. This result is purely sample-based and distribution-free in that it does not require the knowledge of underlying distributions and can be computed only using measurements. C1 [Madan, Rabinder N.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Madan, RN (reprint author), Off Naval Res, 875 N Randolf St, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. EM madanr@onr.navy.mil NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 4 EP 4 AR PII 908294822 DI 10.1080/15501320802498430 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 431ZR UT WOS:000265103800004 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV Wing, WR Hicks, SE Poole, SW Denap, FA Carter, SM Wu, QS AF Rao, Nageswara S. V. Wing, William R. Hicks, Susan E. Poole, Stephen W. Denap, Frank A. Carter, Steven M. Wu, Qishi TI UltraScience Net: High-Performance Network Research Test-Bed SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Network test-bed; Dedicated channels; SONET; 10GigE WAN-PHY; Control-plane; Data-plane; Bandwidth scheduler AB The high-performance networking requirements for next generation large-scale applications belong to two broad classes: a) high bandwidths, typically multiples of 10Gbps, to support bulk data transfers, and b) stable bandwidths, typically at much lower bandwidths, to support computational steering, remote visualization, and remote control of instrumentation. Current Internet technologies, however, are severely limited in meeting these demands because such bulk bandwidths are available only in the backbone, and stable control channels are hard to realize over shared connections. The UltraScience Net (USN) facilitates the development of such technologies by providing dynamic, cross-country dedicated 10Gbps channels for large data transfers, and 150 Mbps channels for interactive and control operations. Contributions of the USN project are two-fold: Infrastructure Technologies for Network Experimental Facility: USN developed and/or demonstrated a number of infrastructure technologies needed for a national-scale network experimental facility. Compared to Internet, USN's data-plane is different in that it can be partitioned into isolated layer-1 or layer-2 connections, and its control-plane is different in the ability of users and applications to setup and tear down channels as needed. Its design required several new components including a Virtual Private Network infrastructure, a bandwidth and channel scheduler, and a dynamic signaling daemon. The control-plane employs a centralized scheduler to compute the channel allocations and a signaling daemon to generate configuration signals to switches. In a nutshell, USN demonstrated the ability to build and operate a stable national-scale switched network. Structured Network Research Experiments: A number of network research experiments have been conducted on USN that cannot be easily supported over existing network facilities, including test-beds and production networks. It settled an open matter by demonstrating that the performance of switched connections and Multiple Protocol Label Switching tunnels over routed networks are comparable. Furthermore, such connections can be easily peered, and the performance of the resultant hybrid connections is still comparable to the constituent pure connections. USN experiments demonstrated that Infiniband transport can be effectively extended to wide-area connections of thousands of miles, which opens up new opportunities for efficient bulk data transport. USN provided dedicated connections to Cray X1 supercomputer and helped diagnose TCP performance problems which might have been otherwise incorrectly attributed to traffic on shared connections. USN contributed to the development of transport methods for dedicated connections to other traffic. Recently, experiments were conducted to assess the performance of application acceleration devices that employ flow optimization and data compression methods to improve TCP performance. C1 [Rao, Nageswara S. V.; Wing, William R.; Hicks, Susan E.; Poole, Stephen W.; Denap, Frank A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Carter, Steven M.] Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Wu, Qishi] Cisco Syst, San Jose, CA USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM raons@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1550-1329 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 AR PII 908254610 DI 10.1080/15501320802498489 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 431ZR UT WOS:000265103800005 ER PT J AU Robinett, RD Wilson, DG AF Robinett, Rush D., III Wilson, David G. TI Exergy and irreversible entropy production thermodynamic concepts for nonlinear control design SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERGY LA English DT Article DE Hamiltonian mechanics; nonlinear systems; nonequilibriurn thermodynamics; Lyapunov functions ID DISSIPATIVE SYSTEMS AB This paper develops a novel nonlinear control system design methodology that uniquely combines: concepts from exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunov's direct method and optimal analysis; and power flow control analysis. Relationships are derived between exergy/entropy and Lyapunov optimal functions for Hamiltonian systems based on the recognition that the Hamiltonian is stored exergy. The control system stability and performance are partitioned and evaluated based on exergy generation and exergy dissipation terms. This control methodology results in both necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of a class of nonlinear systems as a result of the application of the second law of thermodynamics to the time derivative of the Hamiltonian. The methodology is demonstrated with numerical simulation examples. C1 [Robinett, Rush D., III; Wilson, David G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Energy Resources & Syst Anal Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rdrobin@sandia.gov; dwilso@sandia.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1742-8297 J9 INT J EXERGY JI Int. J. Exergy PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 357 EP 387 PG 31 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 459FK UT WOS:000267086200005 ER PT J AU Rupnowski, P Sopori, B AF Rupnowski, Przemyslaw Sopori, Bhushan TI Strength of silicon wafers: fracture mechanics approach SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE Solar cells; Silicon; Wafers; Fracture; Surface damage ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; DYNAMIC FRACTURE; ANISOTROPY AB This paper describes a model to predict mechanical strength distribution of silicon wafers. A generalized expression, based on a multimodal Weibull distribution, is proposed to describe the strength of a brittle material with surface, edge, and bulk flaws. The specific case of a cast, unpolished photovoltaic (PV) wafer is further analyzed. Assuming that surface microcracks constitute the dominant mechanism of wafer breakage, this model predicts the strength distribution of PV silicon that matches well the experimental results available in the literature. C1 [Rupnowski, Przemyslaw; Sopori, Bhushan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rupnowski, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Peter_Rupnowski@nrel.gov RI Rupnowski, Przemyslaw/B-3520-2008; OI Rupnowski, Przemyslaw/0000-0003-0040-418X NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 155 IS 1 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1007/s10704-009-9324-9 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 420BW UT WOS:000264264400006 ER PT J AU Wise, MA Dooley, JJ AF Wise, M. A. Dooley, J. J. TI The value of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies in a world with uncertain greenhouse gas emissions constraints SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide capture and storage; Pulverized coal; Post-combustion capture; Electricity production; East Central Area Reliability; Coordination Agreement AB By analyzing how the largest CO(2) emitting electricity-generating region in the United States, the East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement (ECAR), responds to hypothetical constraints on greenhouse gas emissions, the authors demonstrate that there is an enduring role for post-combustion CO(2) capture technologies. The utilization of pulverized coal generation with carbon dioxide capture and storage (PC + CCS) technologies is particularly significant in a world where there is uncertainty about the future evolution of climate policy and in particular uncertainty about the rate at which the climate policy will become more stringent. The paper's analysis shows that within this one large, heavily coal-dominated electricity-generating region, as much as 20-40 GW of PC + CCS could be operating before the middle of this century. Depending upon the state of PC + CCS technology development and the evolution of future climate policy, the analysis shows that these CCS systems could be mated to either pre-existing PC units or PC units that are currently under construction, announced and planned units, as well as PC units that could continue to be built for a number of decades even in the face of a climate policy. In nearly all the cases analyzed here, these PC + CCS generation units are in addition to a much larger deployment of CCS-enabled coal-fueled integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. The analysis presented here shows that the combined deployment of PC + CCS and IGCC + CCS units within this one region of the U.S. could result in the potential capture and storage of between 3.2 and 4.9 Gt of CO(2) before the middle of this century in the region's deep geologic storage formations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wise, M. A.; Dooley, J. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wise, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 8400 Baltimore Ave,Suite 201, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Marshall.Wise@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2008.06.012 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 401CB UT WOS:000262914800006 ER PT J AU Geiger, BF Werner, KA AF Geiger, Brian F. Werner, Karen A. TI A Guided Walking Trail to Explore the Martin Luther King Jr. National Voting Rights Walk and Selma Antebellum Historic District SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HERITAGE STUDIES LA English DT Article DE Walking Trail; Interpretation; Civil Rights History; Physical Activity AB Historical documents, original and archival photos, and MS Publisher software were used to develop and promote a two mile guided walking trail incorporating the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Voting Rights Walk, Selma Antebellum Historic District and Bloch Park. The aim is to promote learning about Alabama history while enhancing fitness, as a planned activity of a programme to prevent childhood obesity. Trail content features facts about prominent black and white Alabamians, safety tips while walking and philosophical quotations emphasizing basic human rights. C1 [Geiger, Brian F.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Werner, Karen A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geiger, BF (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM bgeiger@uab.edu NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1352-7258 J9 INT J HERIT STUD JI Int. J. Herit. Stud. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 5 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1080/13527250903072807 PG 10 WC Humanities, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 665TD UT WOS:000283057500006 ER PT J AU Perkins, JD van Hest, MFAM Taylor, MP Ginley, DS AF Perkins, J. D. van Hest, M. F. A. M. Taylor, M. P. Ginley, D. S. TI Conductivity and transparency in amorphous In-Zn-O transparent conductors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article CT 2nd International Symposium on Transparent Conducting Oxides CY 2008 CL Crete, GREECE DE TCO; transparent conducting oxide; amorphous; In-Zn-O; IZO ID THIN-FILMS; OXIDES AB Amorphous indium zinc oxide (a-IZO) is an increasingly important material both as a transparent conductor or semiconductor in transparent electronics and as an archetype amorphous electronic mixed metal oxide in itself. Here, a co-sputtering composition spread combinatorial approach was used to examine the conductivity and optical transparency in a-IZO thin films as a function of both In : Zn metals stoichiometry and the amount of oxygen added to the argon sputter gas. For optimising the conductivity, the percent oxygen in the sputter gas and the metals composition were found to have a strongly coupled effect. In particular, a-IZO films with conductivity sigma> 2000 S/cm can be grown for a broad range of metals compositions, In content from similar to 60 to similar to 85 cation%, as long as the corresponding optimal oxygen level is used in the deposition. The amount of oxygen required increases with increasing indium content. When too much oxygen is used, the conductivity is reduced due to a decreased carrier concentration whereas when too little oxygen is used, the conductivity is reduced due to decreased electron mobility. Concurrent with the decrease in electron mobility, there is increasing optical absorption from 400 nm to 1000 nm which renders the oxygen deficient a-IZO samples grey. C1 [Perkins, J. D.; van Hest, M. F. A. M.; Taylor, M. P.; Ginley, D. S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80302 USA. RP Perkins, JD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80302 USA. EM john_perkins@nrel.gov; maikel_van_hest@nrel.gov; mtaylor@heliovolt.com; david_ginley@nrel.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 896, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1475-7435 J9 INT J NANOTECHNOL JI Int. J. Nanotechnol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 9 BP 850 EP 859 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 482FL UT WOS:000268869900007 ER PT J AU Chen, Q Wang, MR Pan, N Guo, ZY AF Chen, Qun Wang, Moran Pan, Ning Guo, Zeng-yuan TI Irreversibility of Heat Conduction in Complex Multiphase Systems and Its Application to the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Media SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR SCIENCES AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE irreversibility; entransy dissipation; effective thermal conductivity; particle size; porous media ID COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; BOLTZMANN METHOD; MICROCHANNELS; OPTIMIZATION; NETWORKS; ENTRANSY; FLOWS; SINK AB The irreversibility of heat conduction in porous media, its relation to effective thermal conductivities (ETCs), and the optimization of thermal conduction process are investigated in this work based on the concept of entransy dissipation. Two more new concepts of reference entransy dissipation and nondimensional entransy dissipation are first introduced. Then it is showed that the nondimensional entransy dissipation rate (NER) can be employed as an objective function to evaluate the efficiency of a thermal transfer process in a porous material. By using this criterion and a newly developed structure growth algorithms, different porous structures were generated and the corresponding values of both ETC and NER were derived to illustrate the usefulness and power of using NER to assess the thermal performance of the materials. The results show that the effective thermal conductivity not only influences the heat transfer ability of porous media, but also reflects the irreversibility of heat conduction in porous media, which is a dissipation coefficient for heat transfer. Meanwhile, decreasing the structural particle size will increase the contact points, i.e. more heat bridges, decrease the temperature gradient nearby the contact points, and hence significantly increase the effective thermal coefficient of porous media. Essentially, decreasing the particle size will result in a more uniform distribution of both temperature gradient and local entransy dissipation rate along the heat flow direction, and consequently lead to a larger effective thermal conductivity. C1 [Chen, Qun; Pan, Ning; Guo, Zeng-yuan] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pan, Ning] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Ning] Donghua Univ, Ctr Phys Fibrous Soft Matters, Shanghai 200051, Peoples R China. RP Chen, Q (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM ningpan.pan@gmail.com RI Pan, Ning/B-1315-2008; Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010 OI Pan, Ning/0000-0002-8772-2596; FU National Key Fundamental R&D Program of China [G2007CB206901] FX The present work is supported by the National Key Fundamental R&D Program of China (Grant No. G2007CB206901). NR 39 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 1565-1339 J9 INT J NONLIN SCI NUM JI Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 398YZ UT WOS:000262768900006 ER PT J AU Kuykendall, T Aloni, S Jen-La Plante, I Mokari, T AF Kuykendall, Tevye Aloni, Shaul Jen-La Plante, Ilan Mokari, Taleb TI Growth of GaN@InGaN Core-Shell and Au-GaN Hybrid Nanostructures for Energy Applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY LA English DT Article ID NANOWIRES; METAL; HETEROSTRUCTURES; NANORODS; ALLOYS AB We demonstrated a method to control the bandgap energy of GaN nanowires by forming GaN@InGaN core-shell hybrid structures using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Furthermore, we show the growth of Au nanoparticles on the surface of GaN nanowires in solution at room temperature. The work shown here is a first step toward engineering properties that are crucial for the rational design and synthesis of a new class of photocatalytic materials. The hybrid structures were characterized by various techniques, including photoluminescence (PL), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Copyright (C) 2009 Tevye Kuykendall et al. C1 [Kuykendall, Tevye; Aloni, Shaul; Mokari, Taleb] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Jen-La Plante, Ilan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mokari, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tmokari@lbl.gov RI Jen-La Plante, Ilan/C-1500-2010; MOKARI, TALEB/F-1685-2012 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231] FX Thanks to Adam Schwartzberg for PL spectroscopy. The work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC0205CH11231. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-662X J9 INT J PHOTOENERGY JI Int. J. Photoenergy PY 2009 AR 767951 DI 10.1155/2009/767951 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA 503VK UT WOS:000270569100001 ER PT J AU Strycharz, S Newman, L AF Strycharz, S. Newman, L. TI USE OF NATIVE PLANTS FOR REMEDIATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE: I. DECIDUOUS TREES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE native deciduous tree; phytoremediation; trichloroethylene (TCE) ID METABOLISM; PHYTOREMEDIATION; HYDROCARBONS; CONTAMINANTS; ENVIRONMENT; ATMOSPHERE; DIFFUSION; ACID; SOIL AB Phytoremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) can be accomplished using fast-growing, deep-rooting trees. The most commonly used tree for phytoremediation of TCE has been the hybrid poplar. This study looks at native southeastern trees of the United States as alternatives to the use of hybrid poplar. The use of native trees for phytoremediation allows for simultaneous restoration of contaminated sites. A 2-mo, greenhouse-based study was conducted to determine if sycamore (Plantanus L.), eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), and willow (Salix sachalinensis) trees possess the ability to degrade TCE by assessing TCE metabolite formation in the plant tissue. In addition to the metabolic capabilities of each tree species, growth parameters were measured including change in height, water usage, total fresh weight of each tissue type, and calculated total leaf surface area. Willow trees had the greatest increase in height among all trees tested; however, at higher concentrations TCE inhibits growth. Sycamore trees had the highest overall leaf surface area and total biomass, which correlated with sycamore trees also having the highest average water usage over the course of the experiment. Carbon tubes used to sample transpiration gases from sycamore, sweetgum, and cottonwood trees did not contain detectable levels of TCE. Tenex sample collection tubes used to sample willow trees during TCE exposure showed average TCE concentrations of up to 0.354 ng TCE cm-2 leaf tissue. All exposed trees contained TCE in the root, stem, and leaf tissues. The concentration of TCE remaining in tissues at the conclusion of the experiment varied, with the highest levels found in the roots and the lowest levels found in the leaves. Metabolites were also observed in different tissue types of all trees tested. The highest concentrations of trichloroacetic acid were observed in the leaves of the sycamore trees and cottonwood trees. Based on the growth parameters tested and the ability to metabolize TCE, sycamore and native cottonwood species are the best candidates for phytoremediation from this study. C1 [Strycharz, S.; Newman, L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Newman, L.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Newman, L (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM newman2@gwm.sc.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42-ES04696]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Mark Coleman (USDA Forest Service) for his help in tree selection and the collection of eastern cottonwood trees. They would like to thank Westvaco for donating the sycamore and sweetgum trees used in this study and to thank Timothy Volk (SUNY-Albany) for donating the willow trees used in this study. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (#P42-ES04696) and the U.S. Department of Energy (#DE-FC09-96SR18546). NR 24 TC 8 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 150 EP 170 AR PII 905533845 DI 10.1080/15226510802378442 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372NZ UT WOS:000260909600001 PM 28133997 ER PT J AU Strycharz, S Newman, L AF Strycharz, S. Newman, L. TI USE OF NATIVE PLANTS FOR REMEDIATION OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE: II. CONIFEROUS TREES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; trichloroethylene (TCE); coniferous; native; southeastern ID NORWAY SPRUCE/SOIL-SYSTEM; PINE-HARDWOOD FORESTS; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; UNITED-STATES; SOIL; ENVIRONMENT; METABOLISM; PHYTOREMEDIATION; WATER AB The phytoremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) from contaminated groundwater has been extensively studied using the hybrid poplar tree (Populus spp.). Several metabolites of TCE have been identified in the tissue of poplar including trichloroethanol (TCEOH) and dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). In addition to the use of hybrid poplar for the phytoremediation of TCE, it is important to screen native tree species that could be successful candidates for field use. This study involves a greenhouse-based comparison of four different native southeastern conifers to a hybrid poplar species for their potential to phytoremediate TCE through the analysis of various plant tissues for TCE and major TCE metabolites, as well as several growth parameters that are desirable for phytoremediation. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), Leyland cypress (X Cupressocyparis leylandii), two varieties of Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and hybrid poplar species H11-11 (Populus trichocarpa x deltoides) were examined for the concentration of TCE and its metabolites in their tissue following treatment with either a low (50 mg L-1) or high dose of TCE (150 mg L-1) for 2 mo. The amount of water taken up, change in height of the tree, TCE transpiration, and total fresh weight of various tissue types were also measured. All trees contained detectable levels of TCE in their root and stem tissue. TCEOH was found only in the tissue of longleaf pine, suggesting that TCE metabolism was occurring in this tree. TCAA was only detected in the leaves of hybrid poplar and piedmont loblolly pine. Conifers took up less water over the 2-mo treatment period than hybrid poplar and grew at a slower rate. However, phytoremediation field sites may benefit from the evergreen's ability to transpire water throughout the winter months. C1 [Strycharz, S.; Newman, L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Newman, L.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Newman, L (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM newman2@gwm.sc.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P42-ES04696]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546] FX The authors would like to thank the South Carolina Forestry Service for donating the loblolly pine trees used in this project. They would also like to acknowledge Mark Coleman (USDA Forest Service) for his help in conifer tree selection. This work was supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (#P42-ES04696) and the U. S. Department of Energy (#DE-FC09-96SR18546). NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 2 BP 171 EP 186 AR PII 905534484 DI 10.1080/15226510802378459 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 372NZ UT WOS:000260909600002 PM 28133996 ER PT J AU Mastretta, C Taghavi, S van der Lelie, D Mengoni, A Galardi, F Gonnelli, C Barac, T Boulet, J Weyens, N Vangronsveld, J AF Mastretta, Chiara Taghavi, Safiyh van der Lelie, Daniel Mengoni, Alessio Galardi, Francesca Gonnelli, Christina Barac, Tanja Boulet, Jana Weyens, Nele Vangronsveld, Jaco TI ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA FROM SEEDS OF NICOTIANA TABACUM CAN REDUCE CADMIUM PHYTOTOXICITY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE endophytic bacteria; seed; metal toxicity; Nicotiana tabacum; cadmium (Cd); phytoextraction; nutrient balance ID GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIA; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; PLANT-GROWTH; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; PHYTOREMEDIATION; CONTAMINATION; RHIZOBACTERIA; INOCULATION; RHIZOSPHERE; ECOSYSTEMS AB Although endophytic bacteria seem to have a close association with their host plant, little is known about the influence of seed endophytic bacteria on initial plant development and on their interactions with plants under conditions of metal toxicity. In order to further elucidate this close relationship, we isolated endophytic bacteria from surface sterilized Nicotiana tabacum seeds that were collected from plants cultivated on a cadmium-(Cd) and zinc-enriched soil. Many of the isolated strains showed Cd tolerance. Sterilely grown tobacco plants were inoculated with either the endogenous microbial consortium, composed of cultivable and noncultivable strains; single strains; or defined consortia of the most representative cultivable strains. Subsequently, the effects of inoculation of endophytic bacteria on plant development and on metal and nutrient uptake were explored under conditions with and without exposure to Cd. In general, seed endophytes were found to have a positive effect on plant growth, as was illustrated by an increase in biomass production under conditions without Cd. In several cases, inoculation with endophytes resulted in improved biomass production under conditions of Cd stress, as well as in a higher plant Cd concentration and total plant Cd content compared to noninoculated plants. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of seed endophytes on metal toxicity and accumulation, and suggest practical applications using inoculated seeds as a vector for plant beneficial bacteria. C1 [Mastretta, Chiara; Barac, Tanja; Boulet, Jana; Weyens, Nele; Vangronsveld, Jaco] Hasselt Univ, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Taghavi, Safiyh; van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mengoni, Alessio] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biol Anim & Genet, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Galardi, Francesca; Gonnelli, Christina] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Biol Vegetale, I-50125 Florence, Italy. RP Vangronsveld, J (reprint author), Hasselt Univ, Bldg D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. EM jaco.vangronsveld@uhasselt.be RI Mengoni, Alessio/G-5336-2013; OI Mengoni, Alessio/0000-0002-1265-8251 FU European Commission [QLRT-2001-00429]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Research Council of Hasselt University; Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders; Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders FX The authors would like to acknowledge the European Commission for their support to PHYTAC project (EU PROJECT: QLRT-2001-00429) and the US Department of Energy for their support for research on the application of endophytic bacteria under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Daniel van der Lelie and Safiyh Taghavi are presently also being supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development funds at the Brookhaven National Laboratory and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, project KP1102010 under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Chiara Mastretta was also supported by a PhD grant from the Research Council of Hasselt University. Jana Boulet is presently supported by a PhD grant from the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders. Nele Weyens is supported by a PhD grant from the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders. NR 40 TC 77 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 251 EP 267 AR PII 906245422 DI 10.1080/15226510802432678 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378PM UT WOS:000261336400003 ER PT J AU Barac, T Weyens, N Oeyen, L Taghavi, S van der Lelie, D Dubin, D Spliet, M Vangronsveld, J AF Barac, Tanja Weyens, Nele Oeyen, Licy Taghavi, Safiyh van der Lelie, Daniel Dubin, Dirk Spliet, Marco Vangronsveld, Jaco TI FIELD NOTE: HYDRAULIC CONTAINMENT OF A BTEX PLUME USING POPLAR TREES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Phytotechnologies Conference CY SEP 24-26, 2007 CL Denver, CO SP US EPA, Int Phytotechnol Soc DE poplar; hydraulic containment; BTEX plume; plume management; endophytic bacteria; rhizosphere ID ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA; HYBRID POPLARS; PHYTOREMEDIATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PLANTS AB In 1999, 275 poplar trees were planted on a field site near a car factory in order to install a bioscreen. The aim was to combine the biodegradation activities of poplar and its associated rhizosphere and endophytic microorganisms for containing a BTEX contaminated groundwater plume. This BTEX plume occurred as the result of leaking solvents and fuel storage tanks. Monitoring, conducted over a 6-year period (1999-2005) after the planting of the trees suggested that the poplar trees and their associated microorganisms had, once the tree roots reached the contaminated groundwater zone, an active role in the remediation of the BTEX plume, resulting in full containment of the contamination. Analysis of the microbial communities associated with poplar demonstrated that, once the poplar roots got in contact with the BTEX contaminated groundwater, enrichment occurred of both rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria that were able to degrade toluene. Interestingly, once the BTEX plume was remediated, the numbers of toluene degrading rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria decreased below the detection limit, indicating that their population resulted from selective enrichment by the presence of the contaminants. C1 [Barac, Tanja; Weyens, Nele; Oeyen, Licy; Vangronsveld, Jaco] Hasselt Univ, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Taghavi, Safiyh; van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dubin, Dirk] Ford Motor Co, Genk, Belgium. [Spliet, Marco] Ingenieurbetrieb Dr Ing, W Putzbruhl, Germany. RP Vangronsveld, J (reprint author), Hasselt Univ, Agoralaan,Bldg D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. EM jaco.vangronsveld@uhasselt.be NR 14 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 5 BP 416 EP 424 AR PII 908434993 DI 10.1080/15226510802655880 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 403NY UT WOS:000263090500002 PM 19810345 ER PT J AU Wang, ZQ Beyerlein, IJ Lesar, R AF Wang, Z. Q. Beyerlein, I. J. LeSar, R. TI Plastic anisotropy in fcc single crystals in high rate deformation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Anisotropic materials; Rate-dependent materials; Dislocation dynamics; High rate deformation; Constitutive laws ID 3D DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; SHOCK COMPRESSION; CELL STRUCTURES; COPPER-CRYSTALS; ELASTIC FIELD; FLOW-STRESS; CROSS-SLIP; TENSILE; ARRANGEMENT; METALS AB 3D dislocation dynamics (DD) simulations arc employed to study the plastic anisotropy of a single crystal of copper under a wide range of high strain rates, 10(4)-10(6) s(-1). The simulations include a model for cross slip as well as the full dynamical equation of motion, both of which having been shown to have a large impact on the way dislocations interact and move at high strain rates. Three typical loading orientations are examined, [100], [111], and [(2) over bar 11]. We find that higher strain rates lead to faster dislocation density generation and higher flow stresses for all three orientations. For every strain rate studied, tensile loading in the [111] direction leads to the highest stress followed by [(2) over bar 11] and [100]. These differences increase with increasing strain rate as the result of dislocation accumulation, slip activity, and microstructural evolution becoming more inhomogeneous. Inhomogeneous dislocation accumulation leads to "directional" microstructure, with subboundaries or slip bands developing on the more active slip planes. The calculations compare favorably with some anisotropy data on fcc single crystals and capture well the transition in rate sensitivity in copper as the applied strain rate increases from 10(2) to 10(6) s(-1). Based on our DD results, we present a new theoretical framework for development of high strain rate single crystal laws. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Z. Q.; Beyerlein, I. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [LeSar, R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, ZQ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zhiqing@lanl.gov RI LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011 FU United States Department of Energy (US DOE) [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Iowa State University FX The work of Z.Q. Wang and I.J. Beyerlein was supported by the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). LANL is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the United States Department of Energy (US DOE) under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. R. L. gratefully acknowledges Iowa State University for its support. Z.Q.W. and I.J.B. greatly appreciate the insightful comments and discussions with Dr. A. Zubelewicz. NR 52 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 5 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 26 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2008.01.006 PG 23 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 386FO UT WOS:000261867900002 ER PT J AU Sumpter, BG Huang, JS Meunier, V Romo-Herrera, JM Cruz-Silva, E Terrones, H Terrones, M AF Sumpter, Bobby G. Huang, Jingsong Meunier, Vincent Romo-Herrera, Jose M. Cruz-Silva, Eduardo Terrones, Humberto Terrones, Mauricio TI A Theoretical and Experimental Study On Manipulating the Structure and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Using Substitutional Dopants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Current Trends in Computational Chemistry CY NOV 02-03, 2007 CL Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS SP USA Corps Engineers, USA Engineer Res & Dev Ctr HO Jackson State Univ DE electronic structure; doped carbon nanotubes; growth mechanisms; curvature; morphology ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; DOUBLE COAXIAL STRUCTURE; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; UNDOPED MULTIWALLS; BASIS-SET; NITROGEN; GROWTH AB We examine the possibility of controlling nanotube growth and simultaneously manipulating the nanotube properties by adding elements in minute amounts (such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur) that are different from carbon and the metal catalyst during the growth process. This procedure is shown to be capable of producing bamboo-type morphologies, heterodoped carbon nanotubes, and Y-junctions. This also represents a critical step toward tailoring properties and controlling nanotube architectures, thus promoting the development of novel materials with unusual electronic applications. The underlying formation mechanisms that lead to the observed structures and morphologies are elucidated using wide-ranging electronic structure calculations that reveal the fundamentally different nature of nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur during carbon nanotube growth. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 109: 97-118, 2009 C1 [Sumpter, Bobby G.; Huang, Jingsong; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sumpter, Bobby G.; Huang, Jingsong; Meunier, Vincent] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Romo-Herrera, Jose M.; Cruz-Silva, Eduardo; Terrones, Humberto; Terrones, Mauricio] IPICyT, Adv Mat Dept, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. RP Sumpter, BG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sumpterbg@ornl.gov RI Huang, Jingsong/A-2789-2008; Cruz-Silva, Eduardo/B-7003-2009; Meunier, Vincent/F-9391-2010; Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013; Terrones, Mauricio/B-3829-2014 OI Huang, Jingsong/0000-0001-8993-2506; Cruz-Silva, Eduardo/0000-0003-2877-1598; Meunier, Vincent/0000-0002-7013-179X; Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355; NR 73 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7608 EI 1097-461X J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 109 IS 1 SI SI BP 97 EP 118 DI 10.1002/qua.21893 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 383JB UT WOS:000261668800013 ER PT J AU Weiss, JF Landauer, MR AF Weiss, Joseph F. Landauer, Michael R. TI History and development of radiation-protective agents SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Radioprotectors; radiotherapy; ionising radiation; antioxidants; growth factors ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; NECK-CANCER PATIENTS; TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; FREE-RADICAL SCAVENGERS; BONE-MARROW-CELLS; X-RAY-IRRADIATION; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; INDUCED CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; INDUCED GENOMIC INSTABILITY; OCIMUM FLAVONOIDS ORIENTIN AB Purpose: The search for ideal protective agents for use in a variety of radiation scenarios has continued for more than six decades. This review evaluates agents and procedures that have the potential to protect against acute and late effects of ionising radiation when administered either before or after radiation exposure. Conclusion: Over the years, extensive experimental studies of radiation-protective agents have enhanced our knowledge of radiation physics, chemistry, and biology. However, translation of agents from animal testing to use in various scenarios, such as prophylactic adjuncts in radiotherapy or post-exposure treatments for potential victims of radiation accidents/incidents, has been slow. Nevertheless, a number of compounds are now available for use in a variety of radiation situations. These include agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in reducing exposure to internal radionuclides (Prussian blue, calcium diethylenetriamene pentaacetate (DTPA) and zinc DTPA, potassium iodide) and amifostine for alleviating xerostomia associated with radiotherapy. Consensus groups have also recommended other therapies such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for radiation-induced neutropenia. The variety of prophylactic and therapeutic agents in the research pipeline includes those that are naturally-occurring with low toxicity, provide a long window of protection, protect normal tissue while sensitising tumours, or act via receptors and modulate biological processes such as induction of genes responsible for radioresistance. The search for agents that protect against acute and late effects of ionising radiation injury will undoubtedly continue into the future and influence other areas of radiation research. C1 [Landauer, Michael R.] Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Weiss, Joseph F.] US DOE, Off Hlth & Safety, Washington, DC USA. RP Landauer, MR (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bldg 42,8901 Wisconsin Ave, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. EM Landauer@afrri.usuhs.mil NR 407 TC 138 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PY 2009 VL 85 IS 7 BP 539 EP 573 AR PII 912684737 DI 10.1080/09553000902985144 PG 35 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 462QR UT WOS:000267371200001 PM 19557599 ER PT J AU Haley, B Paunesku, T Protic, M Woloschak, GE AF Haley, Benjamin Paunesku, Tatjana Protic, Miroslava Woloschak, Gayle E. TI Response of heterogeneous ribonuclear proteins (hnRNP) to ionising radiation and their involvement in DNA damage repair SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hnRNP; radiation; DNA DSB repair; homologous recombination; transcription factors ID NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN B1; RNA-BINDING-PROTEINS; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; MESSENGER-RNA; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRESS-RESPONSE; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; INDUCIBLE TRANSCRIPTS AB Purpose: To determine the relationship between heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP) and DNA repair, particularly in response to ionising radiation (IR). Materials and methods: The literature was examined for papers related to the topics of hnRNP, IR and DNA repair. Results: HnRNP orchestrate the processing of mRNA to which they are bound in response to IR. HnRNP A18, B1, C1/C2 and K interact with important proteins from DNA Damage Response (DDR) pathways, binding DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), the Ku antigen (Ku) and tumour suppressor protein 53 (p53) respectively. Notably, irregularities in the expression of hnRNP A18, B1, K, P2 and L have been linked to cancer and radiosensitivity. Sixteen different hnRNP proteins have been reported to show either mRNA transcript or protein quantity changes following IR. Various protein modifications of hnRNP in response to IR have also been noted: hnRNP A18, C1/C2 and K are phosphorylated; hnRNP C1/C2 is a target of apoptotic proteases; and hnRNP K degradation is controlled by murine double minute ubiquitin ligase (MDM2). Evidence points to a role for hnRNP A1, A18, A2/B1, C1/C2, K and P2 in regulating double-stranded break (DSB) repair pathways by promoting either homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end rejoining (NHEJ) repair pathways following IR. Conclusions: HnRNP proteins play a pivotal role in coordinating repair pathways following exposure to IR, through protein-protein interactions and transcript regulation of key repair and stress response mRNA. In particular, several hnRNP proteins are critical in coordinating the choice of HR or NHEJ to repair DSB caused by IR. C1 [Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Paunesku, Tatjana; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Protic, Miroslava] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, 303 E Chicago Ave,Ward Bldg Room 13-002, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM g-woloschak@northwestern.edu RI Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 FU NIH [NS21442-18, EB002100, U54CA119341]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER64342] FX This work was supported in part by NIH grants: NS21442-18, EB002100, U54CA119341 and the DOE grant: DE-FG02-07ER64342. NR 76 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PY 2009 VL 85 IS 8 BP 643 EP 655 AR PII 912889880 DI 10.1080/09553000903009548 PG 13 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 475VV UT WOS:000268392300001 PM 19579069 ER PT J AU Paunesku, T Vogt, S Irving, TC Lai, B Barrea, RA Maser, J Woloschak, GE AF Paunesku, Tatjana Vogt, Stefan Irving, Thomas C. Lai, Barry Barrea, Raul A. Maser, Joerg Woloschak, Gayle E. TI Biological applications of X-ray microprobes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM); metals in cells ID ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CANCER-CELLS; CONTRAST; AGENTS; COPPER AB Purpose: To present an overview of the workshop on X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Results: Talks presented at the workshop and the associated works are highlighted. Conclusions: Use of XFM in biomedical sciences is growing and may be advanced even further by adding (i) high resolution microprobes, and (ii) high throughput approaches to the XFM toolbox. C1 [Paunesku, Tatjana; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Paunesku, Tatjana; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Vogt, Stefan; Lai, Barry] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Irving, Thomas C.; Barrea, Raul A.] IIT, Dept Biol, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Irving, Thomas C.; Barrea, Raul A.] IIT, Dept Chem, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Irving, Thomas C.; Barrea, Raul A.] IIT, Dept Phys Sci, Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Maser, Joerg] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, 303 E Chicago Ave,Ward 13-002, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM g-woloschak@northwestern.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009 OI Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR008630]; NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB002100] NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PY 2009 VL 85 IS 8 BP 710 EP 713 AR PII 913458303 DI 10.1080/09553000903009514 PG 4 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 475VV UT WOS:000268392300007 PM 19637082 ER PT J AU Nam, JM Chung, Y Hsu, HC Park, CC AF Nam, Jin-Min Chung, Yoonsun Hsu, Howard C. Park, Catherine C. TI beta 1 integrin targeting to enhance radiation therapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta 1; integrin; ionising radiation; cancer; therapy ID INVASIVE BREAST-CANCER; FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; IONIZING-RADIATION; BETA(1) INTEGRIN; MELANOMA-CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; PROSTATE-CANCER; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; RADIOTHERAPY AB Purpose: Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is mediated by the integrin family and has been known to modify radiation sensitivity and resistance in several cell types, including cancer cells. In particular, beta 1 integrin signaling has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of various cancers and has been shown to facilitate resistance to radiation therapy. Conclusion: In this mini-review, we provide a brief overview of integrin targeting in radiation therapy. We specifically focus on the updated findings of b1 integrin-mediated signaling pathways after exposure to ionising radiation (IR) using in vitro and in vivo experimental models, which could represent promising therapeutic targets for breast cancer. C1 [Park, Catherine C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Nam, Jin-Min; Chung, Yoonsun; Hsu, Howard C.; Park, Catherine C.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Park, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, 1600 Divisadero St H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM cpark@radonc.ucsf.edu RI Nam, Jin-Min/D-6468-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA124891] NR 44 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PY 2009 VL 85 IS 11 BP 923 EP 928 DI 10.3109/09553000903232876 PG 6 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 514TE UT WOS:000271417700003 PM 19895268 ER PT J AU Coon, AB Chu, J Sun, JG Bernard, D Yao, R Templeton, A Griem, KL AF Coon, A. B. Chu, J. Sun, J. G. Bernard, D. Yao, R. Templeton, A. Griem, K. L. TI Three Dimensional Effusivity Measurements Predict Acute Radiation Skin Toxicities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Coon, A. B.; Chu, J.; Bernard, D.; Yao, R.; Templeton, A.; Griem, K. L.] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Sun, J. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP S612 EP S613 PG 2 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 503WW UT WOS:000270573602272 ER PT J AU DeWoskin, D Scharein, R Arsuaga, J Park, C AF DeWoskin, D. Scharein, R. Arsuaga, J. Park, C. TI A Computational Homology Analysis of CGH Data Finds Recurrent Genomic Instability in Older Breast Cancer Patients SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [DeWoskin, D.; Park, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [DeWoskin, D.; Scharein, R.; Arsuaga, J.] San Francisco State Univ, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Park, C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP S135 EP S135 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 503WW UT WOS:000270573600289 ER PT J AU Hsu, HC Zhang, H Park, CC AF Hsu, H. C. Zhang, H. Park, C. C. TI Beta1 Integrin Inhibition Promotes Apoptosis and Proliferation Arrest in Prostate Cancer Cells in 3-Dimensional (3D) Cultures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Hsu, H. C.; Zhang, H.; Park, C. C.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hsu, H. C.; Park, C. C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP S543 EP S543 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 503WW UT WOS:000270573602115 ER PT J AU Nam, J Park, CC AF Nam, J. Park, C. C. TI Alpha5beta1 Integrin and Oncofetal Fibronectin are Upregulated in Malignant Breast Cells in Three-dimensional Culture That can be Specifically Targeted for Radiation Therapy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Radiation-Oncology CY NOV 01-05, 2009 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Soc Radiat Oncol C1 [Nam, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, C. C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 2009 VL 75 IS 3 BP S544 EP S544 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 503WW UT WOS:000270573602117 ER PT J AU Singh, N Glenn, NF AF Singh, N. Glenn, N. F. TI Multitemporal spectral analysis for cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) classification SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER CHANGE; VEGETATION INDEX; TM IMAGERY; MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; RANGELAND VEGETATION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; SEMIARID LANDSCAPE; HYPERSPECTRAL DATA; MIXTURE ANALYSIS; SOIL AB Operational satellite remote sensing data can provide the temporal repeatability necessary to capture phenological differences among species. This study develops a multitemporal stacking method coupled with spectral analysis for extracting information from Landsat imagery to provide species-level information. Temporal stacking can, in an approximate mathematical sense, effectively increase the 'spectral' resolution of the system by adding spectral bands of several multitemporal images. As a demonstration, multitemporal linear spectral unmixing is used to successfully delineate cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) from soil and surrounding vegetation (77% overall accuracy). This invasive plant is an ideal target for exploring multitemporal methods because of its phenological differences with other vegetation in early spring and, to a lesser degree, in late summer. The techniques developed in this work are directly applicable for other targets with temporally unique spectral differences. C1 [Glenn, N. F.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Singh, N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Glenn, NF (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, 322 E Front St,Suite 240, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM glennanc@isu.edu RI Glenn, Nancy/B-4491-2014 OI Glenn, Nancy/0000-0003-2124-7654 FU Pacific Northwest Regional Collaboratory; NASA FX This research was funded by the Pacific Northwest Regional Collaboratory as part of a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) project, funded by NASA. We are grateful to Janelle Downs, Jerry Tagestad and Gregg Petrie of PNNL and Shane Cherry of the Idaho National Laboratory for their valuable input and expertise. Thomas Windholz and Keith Weber of the ISU GIS Training and Research Center provided valuable input and data. We thank Jacob Mundt for assistance in editing and we also thank two anonymous reviewers. NR 62 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2009 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3441 EP 3462 AR PII 913318168 DI 10.1080/01431160802562222 PG 22 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 474IS UT WOS:000268277600009 ER PT J AU Min, KB Rutqvist, J Elsworth, D AF Min, Ki-Bok Rutqvist, Jonny Elsworth, Derek TI Chemically and mechanically mediated influences on the transport and mechanical characteristics of rock fractures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Chemo-mechanical coupling; Fracture aperture; Fracture constitutive model; Rock fracture ID TOPOPAH SPRING TUFF; PRESSURE-SOLUTION; HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES; NATURAL FRACTURE; FLUID-FLOW; PERMEABILITY; MODEL; DEFORMATION; JOINTS; DISSOLUTION AB A model is presented to represent changes in the mechanical and transport characteristics of fractured rock that result from coupled mechanical and chemical effects. The specific influence is the elevation of dissolution rates on contacting asperities, which results in a stress- and temperature-dependent permanent closure. A model representing this pressure-dissolution-like behavior is adapted to de. ne the threshold and resulting response in terms of fundamental thermodynamic properties of a contacting fracture. These relations are incorporated in a stress- stiffening model of fracture closure to de. ne the stress- and temperature-dependency of aperture loss and behavior during stress and temperature cycling. These models compare well with laboratory and field experiments, representing both decoupled isobaric and isothermal responses. The model was applied to explore the impact of these responses on heated structures in rock. The result showed a reduction in ultimate induced stresses over the case where chemical effects were not incorporated, with permanent reduction in final stresses after cooling to ambient conditions. Similarly, permeabilities may be lower than they were in the case where chemical effects were not considered, with a net reduction apparent even after cooling to ambient temperature. These heretofore-neglected effects may have a correspondingly significant impact on the performance of heated structures in rock, such as repositories for the containment of radioactive wastes. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Min, Ki-Bok; Elsworth, Derek] Penn State Univ, Dept Energy & Mineral Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rutqvist, Jonny] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Min, KB (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Sch Civil Environm & Min Engn, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. EM ki-bok.min@adelaide.edu.au RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015; Min, Ki-Bok/B-5374-2008; Elsworth, Derek/D-2844-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785; Min, Ki-Bok/0000-0001-7463-7395; Elsworth, Derek/0000-0002-4942-1151 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The support of the Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, Office of Chief Scientist, of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 is gratefully acknowledged. The comments of two anonymous reviewers are appreciated. NR 30 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 80 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.04.002 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 403SA UT WOS:000263101100008 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Swinton, SM AF Jiang, Yong Swinton, Scott M. TI Market interactions, farmers' choices, and the sustainability of growing advanced biofuels: a missing perspective? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomass; energy; advanced biofuels; corn; land use; switchgrass; ethanol ID UNITED-STATES; SWITCHGRASS; ETHANOL; BIOMASS; BIOENERGY; ENERGY; COSTS AB Advanced biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol are of great interest in the USA. With agriculture being the major source of feedstock for advanced biofuels, how farmers would respond to markets and policy incentives in providing such feedstock can directly affect sufficient and sustainable supply of advanced biofuels and their environmental sustainability. In this study, we developed an economic model to examine farmers' production choices in a context where agricultural markets are linked to energy markets. We identified the economic conditions under which farmers could maximize their profits by converting current grain cropland to grow cellulosic biomass crops. An empirical illustration showed that with current technology, farmers are unlikely to grow switchgrass as a dedicated energy crop instead of corn on cropland. The biofuel incentives in the 2008 Farm Bill can improve the competitiveness of switchgrass, but may stimulate corn production as well, with corn residues as an alternative feedstock for advanced biofuels. The continuous, possibly expanding, corn production in future raises the same issues for advanced biofuels as for corn grain-based ethanol. To assure the environmental sustainability of advanced biofuel production, further research is needed to help design environmental policies alongside existing biofuel initiatives. C1 [Jiang, Yong; Swinton, Scott M.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, US Dept Enery, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Agr Food & Resource Econ, US Dept Enery, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM jyong@anr.msu.edu RI jiang, yong/M-4318-2013 OI jiang, yong/0000-0001-6192-8206 FU US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded by the US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). All opinions are the responsiblity of the authors alone. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1350-4509 J9 INT J SUST DEV WORLD JI Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. PY 2009 VL 16 IS 6 BP 438 EP 450 AR PII 917313238 DI 10.1080/13504500903336405 PG 13 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Ecology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 528XT UT WOS:000272481000008 ER PT J AU Pimont, F Dupuy, JL Linn, RR Dupont, S AF Pimont, Francois Dupuy, Jean-Luc Linn, Rodman R. Dupont, Sylvain TI Validation of FIRETEC wind-flows over a canopy and a fuel-break SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE forest canopy; forest edge; HIGRAD; large-eddy simulation; wildfire ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; NEUTRALLY STRATIFIED FLOW; TURBULENT-FLOW; FOREST EDGE; AIR-FLOW; DECIDUOUS FOREST; PLANT CANOPIES; FOLIAR DENSITY; PART I; STATISTICS AB The wildfire model FIRETEC simulates the large coherent eddies of the wind-flows induced by the canopy. It has been qualitatively validated in its ability to simulate fire behavior, but there is still a need to validate physical submodels separately. In the present study, the dynamics and turbulence of the flow simulated by FIRETEC are validated in a manner similar to other air-flow models without fire, through comparison with measurements associated with flows within continuous and discontinuous forests captured through in situ and wind-tunnel experiments with neutral thermal stratification. The model is shown to be able to reproduce accurately all essential features of turbulent flow over both forests. Moreover, a short sensitivity study shows that the model is not very sensitive to uncertain parameters such as vegetation drag coefficient. Finally, it is shown in the discontinuous forest case that wind gusts on fuel-breaks can be very strong and significantly higher than in surrounding canopies, even if their directions are more stable. These results and others briefly reviewed in the present paper allow better understanding of wind-flow perturbations induced by fuel-breaks. This new validation added to previous ones confirms the ability of FIRETEC for investigating effects of fuel-break design on fire propagation. C1 [Pimont, Francois; Dupuy, Jean-Luc] INRA, Unite Rech Forestieres Mediterraneennes, Equipe Prevent Incendies Foret, UR629, F-84914 Avignon, France. [Linn, Rodman R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Dupont, Sylvain] INRA, EPHYSE UR1263, F-33883 Villenave Dornon, France. RP Pimont, F (reprint author), INRA, Unite Rech Forestieres Mediterraneennes, Equipe Prevent Incendies Foret, UR629, F-84914 Avignon, France. EM pimont@avignon.inra.fr FU European Commission [FP6-018505] FX This study has been partially funded by the European Commission in the frame of the FIREPARADOX research program ( contract FP6-018505) and the large computations for this work have been made possible by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institutional Computing resources. NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2009 VL 18 IS 7 BP 775 EP 790 DI 10.1071/WF07130 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 511KP UT WOS:000271163500004 ER PT J AU Webster, JR Newbold, JD Thomas, SA Valett, HM Mulholland, PJ AF Webster, J. R. Newbold, J. D. Thomas, S. A. Valett, H. M. Mulholland, P. J. TI Nutrient Uptake and Mineralization during Leaf Decay in Streams - a Model Simulation SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF HYDROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Plant Litter Processing in Freshwaters Conference CY JUN, 2008 CL Coimbra, PORTUGAL DE nitrogen; phosphorus; leaf breakdown; model; stoichiometry ID HEADWATER STREAMS; WOODLAND STREAM; ECOLOGICAL STOICHIOMETRY; PHOSPHORUS-LIMITATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NITROGEN-RETENTION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; GROWTH; CARBON; DECOMPOSITION AB We developed a stoichiometrically explicit computer model to examine how heterotrophic uptake of nutrients and microbial mineralization occurring during the decay of leaves in streams may be important in modifying nutrient concentrations. The simulations showed that microbial uptake can substantially decrease stream nutrient concentrations during the initial phases of decomposition, while mineralization may produce increases in concentrations during later stages of decomposition. The simulations also showed that initial nutrient content of the leaves can affect the stream nutrient concentration dynamics and determine whether nitrogen or phosphorus is the limiting nutrient. Finally, the simulations suggest a net retention (uptake > mineralization) of nutrients in headwater streams, which is balanced by export of particulate organic nutrients to downstream reaches. Published studies support the conclusion that uptake can substantially change stream nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, there is little published evidence that mineralization also affects nutrient concentrations. Also, there is little information on direct microbial utilization of nutrients contained in the decaying leaves themselves. Our results suggest several directions for research that will improve our understanding of the complex relationship between leaf decay and nutrient dynamics in streams. C1 [Webster, J. R.; Valett, H. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Newbold, J. D.] Stroud Water Res Ctr, Avondale, PA 19311 USA. [Thomas, S. A.] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Mulholland, P. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Webster, JR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jwebster@vt.edu RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 58 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-2944 J9 INT REV HYDROBIOL JI Int. Rev. Hydrobiol. PY 2009 VL 94 IS 4 BP 372 EP 390 DI 10.1002/iroh.200811158 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 494RD UT WOS:000269832100003 ER PT S AU Bitzer, EG Chen, PY Johnston, RG AF Bitzer, Edward G., III Chen, Peter Y. Johnston, Roger G. BE Hodgkinson, GP Ford, JK TI SECURITY IN ORGANIZATIONS: EXPANDING THE FRONTIER OF INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009, VOL 24 SE International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REPORTED BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS; LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE; SAFETY CLIMATE; EMPLOYEE THEFT; WORKPLACE AGGRESSION; SOCIAL-EXCHANGE; MODEL; PERFORMANCE; SUPPORT; FRUSTRATION C1 [Bitzer, Edward G., III; Chen, Peter Y.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Psychol, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Johnston, Roger G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bitzer, EG (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Psychol, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 97 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0886-1528 BN 978-0-470-68000-1 J9 INT REV IND ORGAN PS PY 2009 VL 24 BP 131 EP 149 PG 19 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA BKA88 UT WOS:000267619900004 ER PT J AU Zelenyuk, A Imre, D AF Zelenyuk, Alla Imre, Dan TI Beyond single particle mass spectrometry: multidimensional characterisation of individual aerosol particles SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE single particle mass spectrometer; vacuum aerodynamic diameter; aerosol composition; particle density; particle shape; aerosol hygroscopicity ID DYNAMIC SHAPE FACTORS; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; BEAM WIDTH PROBE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; AIRBORNE PARTICLES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; EFFECTIVE DENSITY; AMMONIUM-NITRATE AB The behaviour of small aerosol particles depends on a number of their physical and chemical properties, many of which are strongly coupled. The size, internal composition, density, shape, morphology, hygroscopicity, index of refraction, activity as cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei and other attributes of individual particles all play a role in determining particle properties and their impacts. The traditional particle characterisation approaches rely on separate parallel measurements that average over an ensemble of particles of different sizes and/or compositions and later attempt to draw correlations between them. As a result such studies overlook critical differences between particles and bulk and miss the fact that individual particles often exhibit major differences. Here, we review the recently developed methods to simultaneously measure in situ and in real time several of the attributes for individual particles using a single particle mass spectrometer (SPMS), SPLAT or its second generation SPLAT II. We also discuss novel approaches developed for classification, visualisation and mining of large datasets produced by the multidimensional single particle characterisation. C1 [Zelenyuk, Alla] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Imre, Dan] Imre Consulting, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zelenyuk, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM alla.zelenyuk@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL0 1830] FX We thank all our co-authors and collaborators on the studies described in this review. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, and Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This research was in part performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by the US Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract No. DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. NR 124 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X EI 1366-591X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 309 EP 358 DI 10.1080/01442350903037458 PG 50 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 488IV UT WOS:000269343700006 ER PT J AU Kable, SH Reid, SA Sears, TJ AF Kable, Scott H. Reid, Scott A. Sears, Trevor J. TI The halocarbenes: model systems for understanding the spectroscopy, dynamics and chemistry of carbenes SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE carbenes; halocarbenes; laser spectroscopy; singlet-triplet gap; photochemistry; Renner-Teller effect; spin-orbit coupling; axis-tilting ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SINGLET-TRIPLET GAPS; QUANTUM BEAT SPECTROSCOPY; ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; OPTICAL DOUBLE-RESONANCE; SUPERSONIC FREE-JET; (A)OVER-TILDE-(X)OVER-TILDE VIBRONIC TRANSITION; ION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EMISSION PUMPING SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLVED ELECTRONIC-SPECTRUM AB We review recent studies of the spectroscopy and dynamics of halocarbenes :CXY (X = H, F, Cl, Br, I; Y = F, Cl, Br, I), which are set forth as model systems for understanding the spectroscopy, photochemistry and photophysics of carbenes, and benchmarks for comparing experiment and theory concerning carbene singlet-triplet gaps and spin-orbit coupling from the limit of mixing of isolated rovibronic levels to energy perturbations involving entire vibronic levels. Following a historical overview of halocarbene chemistry, which spans more than 50 years, we discuss experimental methods for generating and spectroscopically detecting these elusive species. Subsequent sections focus on: (a) the spectroscopy of the halocarbenes, where a variety of non-adiabatic interactions are operative, (b) the singlet-triplet gap in the halocarbenes, where experimental methods for measuring this quantity are outlined and their results are compared with benchmark theoretical calculations and (c) the photochemistry and photodissociation dynamics of the halocarbenes, which emphasises recent observations of the hitherto unobserved quasilinear B state. C1 [Kable, Scott H.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Reid, Scott A.] Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Sears, Trevor J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kable, SH (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM s.kable@chem.usyd.edu.au; scott.reid@mu.edu; sears@bnl.gov RI Sears, Trevor/B-5990-2013; Reid, Scott/J-6491-2016 OI Sears, Trevor/0000-0002-5559-0154; Reid, Scott/0000-0001-9916-7414 NR 213 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X EI 1366-591X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2009 VL 28 IS 3 BP 435 EP 480 DI 10.1080/01442350903087792 PG 46 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 505YC UT WOS:000270737100003 ER PT S AU Arrington, J AF Arrington, John BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI Two-photon exchange measurements with positrons and electrons SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE electron scattering; electromagnetic form factors; two-photon exchange processes ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; PROTON SCATTERING AB Two-photon exchange contributions have potentially broad ranging impact on several charged lepton scattering measurements. Previously believed to be extremely small, based in part on comparisons of positron scattering and electron scattering in the 1950s and 1960s, recent data suggest that the corrections may be larger than expected. in particular in kinematic regions that were inaccessible in these early positron scattering measurements. Additional measurements using positron beams at Jefferson Lab would allow for a detailed investigation of these contributions in a range of reactions and observables. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 13 EP 18 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900003 ER PT S AU Burkert, VD AF Burkert, Volker D. BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering with Positron Beams at Jefferson Lab SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE Positrons; DVCS; Generalized Parton Distributions ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB A brief discussion of the DVCS program at the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV energy upgrade is given with emphasis on what can be learned from using both polarized electron and positron beams measurements of deeply virtual Compton scattering on protons. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 2600 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900008 ER PT S AU Gai, W Liu, WM AF Gai, Wei Liu, Wanming BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI Positron sources for Linear Colliders SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE Linear collider; Positron source ID PARTICLES AB Positron beams have many applications and there are many different concepts for positron sources. In this paper, only positron source techniques or linear colliders are covered. In order to achieve high luminosity, a linear collider positron source should have a high beam current, high beam energy, small emittance and, for some applications, a high degree of beam polarization. There are several different schemes presently being developed around the globe. Both the differences between these schemes and their common technical challenges are discussed. C1 [Gai, Wei; Liu, Wanming] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gai, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900012 ER PT S AU Chemerisov, S Jonah, CD AF Chemerisov, S. Jonah, Charles D. BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI Generation of High Intensity Thermal Positron Beams Using a 20 MeV Electron Linac SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE Positrons; Accelerators; Linac ID SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; LAYERS; ATOMS; TRAP AB We present an update on the development of a positron-facility at Argonne National Laboratory We discuss the advantages of using a low energy electron accelerator, present our latest results on slow positron production simulations, and describe our plans for further development of the facility. We have installed a new converter/moderator assembly that is appropriate or our electron energy and increases the yield about an order a magnitude. We have obtained a Penning trap and buncher from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) that we plan to install. We have simulated the relative yields of thermalized positrons as a function of incident positron energy on the moderator. We use these data to calculate positron yields that we compare with our experimental data is well as with available literature data. We will discuss the new design oldie next generation positron front end utilizing reflection moderation geometry. C1 [Chemerisov, S.; Jonah, Charles D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chemerisov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900015 ER PT S AU Freyberger, AP AF Freyberger, Arne P. BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI The CEBAF e(+) Footprint SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE Positron Production; Positron Capture; Positron Acceleration AB The Continuous Electron Ream Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) the Jefferson Laboratory (JLAB) is capable of accelerating e(+) to 6 GeV in energy. Presently CEBAF is being upgraded to a maximum energy of 12 GeV. In addition e(+) scattering, the user community has expressed interest in performing e scattering experiments with the upgraded CEBAF accelerator. This paper describes the existing and planned CEBAF accelerator complex. possible e(+) production locations and the expected e(+) beam qualities. Possibilities for production of e(+) at the JLAB free electron laser (FEL) is also briefly described. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Freyberger, AP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900017 ER PT S AU Golge, S Hyde, CE Freyberger, A AF Golge, Serkan Hyde, Charles E. Freyberger, Arne BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI Admittance Test and Conceptual Study of a CW Positron Source for CEBAF SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE CEBAF Admittance; Positron Acceleration AB A conceptual study of a Continuous Wave (CW) positron production is presented in ;this paper. The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLAB) operates with a CW electron beam with a well-defined emittance. time structure and energy spread. Positrons created via bremsstrahlung photons in a high-Z target emerge with a large emittance compared to incoming electron beam. An admittance study has been performed at CEBAF to estimate the maximum beam phase space area that can he transported in the LINAC and in the Ares. A positron source is described utilizing the CEBAF injector electron beam, and directly injecting the positrons into the CEBAF LINAC. C1 [Golge, Serkan; Hyde, Charles E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Hyde, Charles E.] Univ Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Freyberger, Arne] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Golge, S (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. FU LLC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-6OR23177] FX Authored by Jefferson Science Associates,LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-6OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 109 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900018 ER PT S AU Dumas, J Grames, J Voutier, E AF Dumas, J. Grames, J. Voutier, E. BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI A Polarized Positron Source for CEBAF SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE Positron source; polarization transfer; electron sources AB A compact polarized positron source or Jefferson Lab is discussed. This scheme relies upon a high polarization (55%), high current (1 mA), low-energy (<100 MeV) electron beam to generate polarized positrons in a conversion target via polarized bremsstrahlung and pair creation. GEANT4 is used to simulate source distributions suitable for a CEBAF-like injector with positron polarization similar to 60% and nano-Ampere intensity. An experiment to test this scheme is outlined. C1 [Dumas, J.; Voutier, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, INP, CNRS, IN2P3,Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, 53 Rue Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Dumas, J.; Grames, J.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dumas, J (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, INP, CNRS, IN2P3,Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, 53 Rue Martyrs, F-38026 Grenoble, France. FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DOE-AC05-06OR23177]; French National Center of Scientific Research; Physique du Nucleon FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contract DOE-AC05-06OR23177 under which the Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, the French National Center of Scientific Research, and the GDR nAE3034 Physique du Nucleon. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 120 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900020 ER PT S AU Kazimi, R AF Kazimi, Reza BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI JLAB Electron Driver Capabilities SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE Positron Production; Electron Source; Electron Accelerator AB Several schemes have been proposed or adding a positron beam option at the Continuous Electron Beam Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory (JLAB). They involve using a primary beam a electrons or gamma rays striking a target to produce a positron beam. At JLAB electron beams are produced and used in two different accelerators. CEBAF and the JLAB FEL (Free Electron Laser). Both have low emittance and energy spread. The CEBAF beam is polarized. The FEL beam is unpolarized but the injector can produce a higher current electron beam. In this paper we describe the characteristics of these beams and the parameters relevant For positron production. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Kazimi, R (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900021 ER PT S AU Wojtsekhowski, B AF Wojtsekhowski, B. BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI Searching for a U-boson with a positron beam SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE U-boson; positron beam AB A high sensitivity search or a light U-boson by means of a positron beam incident on a hydrogen target is proposed. We described a concept of the experiment and two possible realizations. The projected result or this experiment corresponds to in upper limit on the square of coupling constant vertical bar f(x)vertical bar(2) 3 x 10(9) with a signal to noise ratio of live. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Wojtsekhowski, B (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900024 ER PT S AU Solvignon, P Gaskell, D Arrington, J AF Solvignon, P. Gaskell, D. Arrington, J. BE Elouadrhiri, L Grames, J Melnitchouk, W Forest, TA Voutier, E TI Coulomb distortion in the inelastic regime SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRONS AT JEFFERSON LAB SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positrons at Jefferson Lab CY MAR 25-27, 2009 CL Newport News, VA SP Jefferson Lab, Idaho State Univ, Idaho Accelerator Ctr, CNRS, Natl Inst Nucl Phys & Paticle Phys DE deep inleastic scattering; Coulomb distortion; nuclear dependence; EMC effect ID ELECTRON-SCATTERING; EMC; DEPENDENCE AB The Coulomb distortion effects have been or a long time neglected in deep inelastic scattering 14 the good reason that the incident energies were very high. But for energies in the range earlier data from SEA( or at JLab, the Coulomb distortion could have the potential consequence of affecting the A-dependence of the EMC effect and or the longitudinal to transverse virtual photon absorption cross section ratio R(x, Q(2)). C1 [Solvignon, P.; Arrington, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gaskell, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Solvignon, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-84ER40150] FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract numbers DE-AC02-06CH11357 and DE-AC05-84ER40150 Modification No. M175. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0697-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1160 BP 155 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BOD59 UT WOS:000276312900025 ER PT S AU Rebel, B AF Rebel, Brian CA ArgoNeuT Collaboration MicroBooNE Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI Status of the ArgoNeuT and MicroBooNE Experiments SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Neutrino; Liquid Argon; Time Projection Chamber ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC-NU; SEARCH; KAMIOKANDE AB Liquid Argon (LAr) time projection chambers are a promising technology for future large-scale neutrino detectors. Their spatial resolution and ability to measure dE/dX make them well suited for identifying and measuring the properties of neutrino interactions and rejecting background processes. The development of this technology in the United States is taking a staged approach, with current efforts combining research and development and Physics goals in varying amounts. The ArgoNeut experiment, a primarily R&D effort, consists of a cryostat containing 0.24 t of LAr. It is currently in the NuMI beam at Fermi lab and will take neutrino data this spring. It will provide a test-bed for development of analysis techniques for LAr detectors. The MicroBooNE cryostat will contain 170 t of LAr and will be located in the Booster neutrino beam at Fermi lab. MicroBooNE will develop and test processes for building a large LAr detector, as well as make relevant neutrino cross section measurements for future long baseline neutrino experiments and study the MiniBooNE low energy excess. C1 [Rebel, Brian; ArgoNeuT Collaboration; MicroBooNE Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rebel, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 84 EP 87 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200019 ER PT S AU Aalseth, CE Amman, M Amsbaugh, JF Avignone, FT Back, HO Barabash, AS Barbeau, PS Beene, JR Bergevin, M Bertrand, FE Boswell, M Brudanin, V Bugg, W Burritt, TH Chan, YD Collar, JI Cooper, RJ Creswick, R Detwiler, JA Doe, PJ Efremenko, Y Egorov, V Ejiri, H Elliott, SR Ely, J Esterline, J Farach, H Fast, JE Fields, N Finnerty, P Fujikawa, B Fuller, E Gehman, VM Giovanetti, GK Guiseppe, VE Gusey, K Hallin, AL Hazama, R Henning, R Hime, A Hoppe, EW Hossbach, TW Howe, MA Johnson, RA Keeter, KJ Keillor, M Keller, C Kephart, JD Kidd, MF Kochetov, O Konovalov, SI Kouzes, RT Lesko, KT Leviner, L Loach, JC Luke, PN MacMullin, S Marino, MG Mei, DM Miley, HS Miller, M Mizouni, L Montoya, A Myers, AW Nomachi, M Odom, B Orrell, JL Phillips, D Poon, AWP Prior, G Qian, J Radford, DC Rielage, K Robertson, RGH Rodriguez, L Rykaczewski, KP Schubert, AG Shima, T Shirchenko, M Strain, J Thomas, K Thompson, R Timkin, V Tornow, W Van Wechel, TD Vanyushin, I Vetter, K Warner, R Wilkerson, JF Wouters, JM Yakushev, E Young, AR Yu, CH Yumatov, V Zhang, C Zimmerman, S AF Aalseth, C. E. Amman, M. Amsbaugh, J. F. Avignone, F. T., III Back, H. O. Barabash, A. S. Barbeau, P. S. Beene, J. R. Bergevin, M. Bertrand, F. E. Boswell, M. Brudanin, V. Bugg, W. Burritt, T. H. Chan, Y. -D. Collar, J. I. Cooper, R. J. Creswick, R. Detwiler, J. A. Doe, P. J. Efremenko, Yu Egorov, V. Ejiri, H. Elliott, S. R. Ely, J. Esterline, J. Farach, H. Fast, J. E. Fields, N. Finnerty, P. Fujikawa, B. Fuller, E. Gehman, V. M. Giovanetti, G. K. Guiseppe, V. E. Gusey, K. Hallin, A. L. Hazama, R. Henning, R. Hime, A. Hoppe, E. W. Hossbach, T. W. Howe, M. A. Johnson, R. A. Keeter, K. J. Keillor, M. Keller, C. Kephart, J. D. Kidd, M. F. Kochetov, O. Konovalov, S. I. Kouzes, R. T. Lesko, K. T. Leviner, L. Loach, J. C. Luke, P. N. MacMullin, S. Marino, M. G. Mei, D. -M. Miley, H. S. Miller, M. Mizouni, L. Montoya, A. Myers, A. W. Nomachi, M. Odom, B. Orrell, J. L. Phillips, D. Poon, A. W. P. Prior, G. Qian, J. Radford, D. C. Rielage, K. Robertson, R. G. H. Rodriguez, L. Rykaczewski, K. P. Schubert, A. G. Shima, T. Shirchenko, M. Strain, J. Thomas, K. Thompson, R. Timkin, V. Tornow, W. Van Wechel, T. D. Vanyushin, I. Vetter, K. Warner, R. Wilkerson, J. F. Wouters, J. M. Yakushev, E. Young, A. R. Yu, C. -H. Yumatov, V. Zhang, C. Zimmerman, S. BE Marshak, ML TI The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR: An R&D project towards a tonne-scale germanium neutrinoless double-beta decay search SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE neutrino; double-beta; Majorana; germanium detectors; dark matter ID GRAN-SASSO 1990-2003; GE-76 AB The MAJORANA collaboration is pursuing the development of the so-called MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR. The DEMONSTRATOR is intended to perform research and development towards a tonne-scale germanium-based experiment to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of Ge-76. The DEMONSTRATOR can also perform a competitive direct dark matter search for light WIMPs in the 1 - 10 GeV/c(2) mass range. It will consist of approximately 60 kg of germanium detectors in an ultra-low background shield located deep underground at the Sanford Underground Laboratory in Lead, SD. The DEMONSTRATOR will also perform background and technology studies, and half of the detector mass will be enriched germanium. This talk will review the motivation, design, technology and status of the Demonstrator. C1 [Aalseth, C. E.; Ely, J.; Fast, J. E.; Fuller, E.; Hoppe, E. W.; Hossbach, T. W.; Keillor, M.; Kephart, J. D.; Kouzes, R. T.; Miley, H. S.; Mizouni, L.; Orrell, J. L.; Thompson, R.; Warner, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Aalseth, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Hallin, Aksel/H-5881-2011; radford, David/A-3928-2015; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016; OI Odom, Brian/0000-0002-3992-8864; Keillor, Martin/0000-0001-7828-5868; Wilkerson, John/0000-0002-0342-0217; Marino, Michael/0000-0003-1226-6036 FU DOE-NP [DE-FG02-97ER41041]; NSF [PHY-0705014]; State of North Carolina FX The author gratefully acknowledges the support of DOE-NP under grant # DE-FG02-97ER41041, the NSF under grant # PHY-0705014, and the State of North Carolina. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 88 EP + PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200020 ER PT S AU Castorena, J Felix, J Higuera, A Urrutia, Z Zavala, G AF Castorena, J. Felix, J. Higuera, A. Urrutia, Z. Zavala, G. CA MINERvA Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI Commissioning Of The MINERvA Tracking Prototype SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE minerva; e938; numi; neutrino AB MINERvA is a neutrino scattering experiment that uses the NuMI beamline at Fermilab. A Tracking Prototype was assembled, commissioned and tested at Fermilab before moving it into the NuMI beamline. A description of some of the main commissioning activities is presented here. C1 [Castorena, J.; Felix, J.; Higuera, A.; Urrutia, Z.] Univ Guadalajara, Div Ciencias Ingenierias E, Guanajuato, Mexico. [Zavala, G.] Univ Guanajuato, DECA, Guanajuato, Mexico. [MINERvA Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Castorena, J (reprint author), Univ Guadalajara, Div Ciencias Ingenierias E, Guanajuato, Mexico. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 104 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293762 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200024 ER PT S AU Glenzinski, D AF Glenzinski, Doug BE Marshak, ML TI Top-Quark Physics Results From The Tevatron SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Fermilab; Tevatron; Top Quark AB Tevatron's record luminosities enable a program systematically addressing the physics of the top quark. The CDF and Dempty set experiments are pioneering measurements across the full breadth of topics. Some of their most recent results are summarized. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Glenzinski, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 147 EP 151 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200031 ER PT S AU Gardner, S Latimer, DC AF Gardner, Susan Latimer, David C. BE Marshak, ML TI Dark Matter Constraints from a Cosmic Refractive Index SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE dark matter; gamma ray bursts; radio afterglows AB The dark-matter candidates of particle physics invariably possess electromagnetic interactions, if only at loop level. Light, in passing through dark matter, can thus exhibit frequency-dependent effects, exhibiting a refractive index which deviates from its vacuum value. Its real part gives dispersive effects in propagation: such are signalled through systematic, frequency-dependent time delays in the observed light curves of cosmologically distant gamma-ray bursts. We review the theoretical framework for their analysis and use observations of gamma-ray-burst radio afterglows to set a direct limit on the electric-charge-to-mass ratio of dark matter. C1 [Gardner, Susan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Gardner, Susan; Latimer, David C.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Gardner, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-96ER40989] FX This work is supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEFG02-96ER40989. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 248 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200052 ER PT S AU Tschirhart, R AF Tschirhart, R. BE Marshak, ML TI Kaon Physics: Probing the Standard Model and Beyond SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Kaon Physics; Rare Decays AB The status and prospects of current and future kaon physics experiments is discussed. Both precision measurements and the search for and measurement of ultra-rare decays are powerful probes of many models of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The physics reach of these experiments will be briefly discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tschirhart, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 335 EP 337 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200070 ER PT S AU Hirschauer, JF AF Hirschauer, James F. CA BaBar Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI Experimental Status of the CKM Angle beta SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota ID CP ASYMMETRIES; B DECAYS; DETECTOR AB We summarize measurements of the CKM angle beta at the B-factories emphasizing a comparison of beta measured in the B-0 -> c (c) over barK(()*()0) decay channels and beta(eff) measured in b -> q (q) over bars decay channels, such as B-0 -> omega K-s(0), B-0 -> eta'K-0, B-0 -> pi K-0(s)0, and B-0 -> (KsKsKs0)-K-0-K-0. C1 [Hirschauer, James F.; BaBar Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hirschauer, JF (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200076 ER PT S AU Dudek, JJ AF Dudek, Jozef J. BE Marshak, ML TI Excited charmonium physics from lattice QCD SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Charmonium; Lattice QCD; Potential Models; Exotics AB Properties of excited mesons are studied using a lattice QCD simulation of a system comparable to charmonium. We extract a spectrum of states, including those with manifestly exotic quantum numbers. Radiative transition form-factors are also computed, in particular the transition from exotic eta(c1) to J/psi gamma which is found to be large on the usual scale of magnetic dipole transitions. C1 [Dudek, Jozef J.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Dudek, JJ (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200098 ER PT S AU Bandurin, D AF Bandurin, Dmitry BE Marshak, ML TI Photon plus jets measurements at D0 SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE parton distribution functions; heavy flavor production; multiple parton interactions; photons; jets ID DOUBLE PARTON SCATTERING; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; 4-JET EVENTS; TEV; QUARK; QCD AB In this paper, we present a few measurements done at the D0 experiment at the Fermi lab Tevatron Collider. These measurements include the triple differential cross sections (d(3)sigma/dp(T)(Gamma)dy(gamma)dy(jet)) of the photon and associated jet production, the photon and heavy flavour (b and c) jet, and finally, study of the double parton events using gamma+3 jet events. Each section below presents the motivations and a description of those measurements. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bandurin, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 475 EP 478 DI 10.1063/1.3293848 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200102 ER PT S AU Lee, C Hornig, A Ovanesyan, G AF Lee, Christopher Hornig, Andrew Ovanesyan, Grigory BE Marshak, ML TI Factorized, Resummed and Gapped Angularity Distributions in SCET SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Factorization; Resummation; Jets; Event Shapes; Soft Collinear Effective Theory ID COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING AB Angularities tau(a) are a class of event shapes varying in their sensitivity to the substructure of jets in the final state, controlled by a continuous parameter a. Using the framework of soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), we factorize and calculate e(+)e(-) angularity distributions for all a < 1, including perturbative resummation to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy and the incorporation of a universal model for the nonperturbative soft function. C1 [Lee, Christopher; Hornig, Andrew; Ovanesyan, Grigory] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Christopher; Hornig, Andrew; Ovanesyan, Grigory] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Lee, Christopher/0000-0003-2385-7536 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0457315] FX CL would like to thank the organizers of CIPANP 2009 for their support and hospitality. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DEAC02-05CH11231 and the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0457315. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 517 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200112 ER PT S AU Ogawa, A AF Ogawa, Akio CA STAR Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI Measurements of single transverse spin asymmetries for hadron productions in root s=200 GeV p+p collisions at STAR SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE polarized p p collisions; transverse spin; single spin asymmetry ID SCATTERING; PP AB The question of how the spin degrees of freedom in the nucleon are organized has not yet been fully answered. Forward hadron production in transversely polarized p+p collisions provides a unique way of probing the spin structure of the nucleon. Large (10% or more) single transverse spin asymmetries (A(N)) were measured at a wide range of collision energy. The STAR collaboration has previously measured pi(0) production with the Forward Pion Detector (FPD) at RHIC, and reported that large A(N) persists up to root s = 200 GeV. A Pb-glass electromagnetic calorimeter detector named the Forward Meson Spectrometer (FMS) has been built and installed at STAR. The FMS covers the pseudo-rapidity region of 2.5 < eta < 4.2 and the full azimuth. The FMS's large acceptance allows us to extend measurements to higher p(T), to heavier mass regions, and to multi particle final states. STAR has collected data with the FMS during Run 8. Results of A(N) measurements using the FMS and FPD will be presented. C1 [Ogawa, Akio; STAR Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ogawa, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200121 ER PT S AU Yuan, F AF Yuan, Feng BE Marshak, ML TI Collins Mechanism Contributions to Single Spin Asymmetry SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; ODD PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DRELL-YAN PROCESSES; CHIRAL-ODD; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; FRAGMENTATION; GAUGE; QCD AB We present recent developments on the single transverse spin physics, in particular, the Collins mechanism contributions in various hadronic reactions, such as semi-inclusive hadron production in DIS process, azimuthal distribution of hadron in high energy jet in pp collisions. We will demonstrate that the transverse momentum dependent and collinear factorization approaches are consistent with each other in the description of the Collins effects in the semi-inclusive hadron production in DIS process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yuan, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yuan, Feng/N-4175-2013 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 606 EP 609 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200132 ER PT S AU Chen, JP AF Chen, Jian-ping BE Marshak, ML TI Spin Sum Rules at Low Q(2) SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Spin; neutron; polarized (3)He; JLab; sum rule; polarizability ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT; PROTON; DEUTERON; NUCLEON; NEUTRON AB Recent precision spin-structure data from Jefferson Lab have significantly advanced our knowledge of nucleon structure at low Q(2). Results on the neutron spin sum rules and polarizabilities in the low to intermediate Q(2) region are presented. The Burkhardt-Cuttingham Sum Rule was verified within experimental uncertainties. When comparing with theoretical calculations, results on spin polarizability show surprising disagreements with Chiral Perturbation Theory predictions. Preliminary results on first moments at very low Q(2) are also presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 610 EP 613 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200133 ER PT S AU Gamberg, L Schlegel, M AF Gamberg, Leonard Schlegel, Marc BE Marshak, ML TI Final State Interactions, T-odd PDFs & the Lensing Function SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Transverse Momentum; Gluonic Poles; TMDs; GPDs ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SIVERS FUNCTION; GAUGE; LEPTOPRODUCTION; MODEL AB It has been suggested that under certain approximations the Sivers effect can be described in terms of factorization of final state interactions and a spatial distortion of impact parameter space parton distribution; that is a convolution of the so-called lensing function and the impact parameter GPD E. In this approach the lensing function is calculated in a non-perturbative eikonal model. This enables a comparison between the a priori distinct Sivers function and the GPD E which goes beyond the discussion of overall signs. C1 [Gamberg, Leonard] Penn State Univ Berks, Dept Phys, Reading, PA 19610 USA. [Schlegel, Marc] Theory Ctr, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gamberg, L (reprint author), Penn State Univ Berks, Dept Phys, Reading, PA 19610 USA. FU U.S. Department of Einergy [DE-FG02-07ER41460]; Authored by Jefferson Science Associates; EEC under U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX E.G. thanks Jacques Soffer for the opportunity to present this work at CIPANP 09. We also thank Alessandro Bacchetta, Stan Brodsky, Matthias Burkardt, Gary Goldstein, Simonetta Eiuti and Andreas Metz for useful discussions. E.G. acknowledges support from U.S. Department of Einergy under contract DE-FG02-07ER41460. Notice: Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, EEC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, Worldwide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 614 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200134 ER PT S AU Cirigliano, V AF Cirigliano, Vincenzo BE Marshak, ML TI Theory of rare Kaon and Pion decays SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Precision tests of the Standard Model; Chiral Perturbation Theory ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; BRANCHING RATIO AB I discuss recent theoretical progress in rare (leptonic) decay modes of K and pi mesons. After briefly outlining the physics reach beyond the Standard Model (SM), I review the SM calculation of the ratios R(e/mu)(P) Gamma(P -> e (V) over bar (e)[gamma])/Gamma(P -> mu(V) over bar (mu)[gamma]) (P = pi, K) in Chiral Perturbation Theory to order e(2)p(4). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cirigliano, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Cirigliano, Vincenzo/0000-0002-9056-754X NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 648 EP 651 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200140 ER PT S AU Sher, A Aoki, M Blecher, M Bryman, DA Comfort, J Doornbos, J Doria, L Gumplinger, P Hussein, A Igarashi, Y Ito, N Kettell, S Kuno, Y Kurchaninov, L Littenberg, L Malbrunot, C Marshal, G Muroi, A Poutissou, R Sandorfi, A Yamada, K AF Sher, A. Aoki, M. Blecher, M. Bryman, D. A. Comfort, J. Doornbos, J. Doria, L. Gumplinger, P. Hussein, A. Igarashi, Y. Ito, N. Kettell, S. Kuno, Y. Kurchaninov, L. Littenberg, L. Malbrunot, C. Marshal, G. Muroi, A. Poutissou, R. Sandorfi, A. Yamada, K. BE Marshak, ML TI PIENU experiment at TRIUMF: Measurement of pi -> ev/pi -> mu nu branching ratio SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Pion Decay; Universality; Weak Interactions; Precision Measurement ID DECAY AB A TRIUMF experiment, PIENU, which aims to measure the branching ratio of pion decays, R = Gamma(pi -> ev + ev gamma)/ Gamma(pi -> mu v + mu v gamma) to a precision of 0.1% or better is described. Such a measurement provides the best test of electron-muon universality in weak interactions and is sensitive to an effective mass scale of up to 1000 TeV in new physics. C1 [Sher, A.; Doornbos, J.; Gumplinger, P.; Kurchaninov, L.; Marshal, G.; Poutissou, R.] TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Aoki, M.; Ito, N.; Kuno, Y.; Muroi, A.; Yamada, K.] Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan. [Blecher, M.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24021 USA. [Bryman, D. A.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Comfort, J.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Hussein, A.] Northeastern Univ British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada. [Igarashi, Y.] KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Kettell, S.; Littenberg, L.; Sandorfi, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Sher, A (reprint author), TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 702 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293905 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200153 ER PT S AU Kutschke, RK AF Kutschke, Robert K. BE Marshak, ML TI The Mu2e Experiment at Fermilab SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE muons conversion AB The Mu2e collaboration has proposed an experiment to search for the coherent decay of a muon to an electron in the Coulomb field of a nucleus with an expected sensitivity of R(mu e) < 6.0 x 10(-17), at the 90% confidence level. Mu2e has received strong support from the P5 panel and has received Stage I approval from Fermi lab. If all resources are made available as required, the experiment could begin taking data as early as 2016. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kutschke, RK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 510, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 718 EP 721 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200157 ER PT S AU Casey, BCK AF Casey, Brendan C. K. BE Marshak, ML TI The New (g-2)mu Experiment at Fermilab SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Muon; anomalous magnetic moment; electric dipole moment AB We present a proposal to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon to 0.14 ppm precision. This new g-2 experiment will be hosted by Fermi lab making use of minor modifications to the existing accelerator complex. The experiment will recycle several components from the previous g-2 experiment E821 hosted at Brookhaven. In particular, the entire storage ring and magnet will be shipped to Fermi lab. We cover the motivation for the experiment and review the measurement technique. We then focus on a new in-vacuo straw tracking system planned for the new experiment and its impact on searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of the muon. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Casey, BCK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 726 EP 729 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200159 ER PT S AU Semertzidis, YK AF Semertzidis, Yannis K. BE Marshak, ML TI The status of the Storage Ring EDM experiment SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Hadronic EDMs; CP-violation; storage rings; polarimeters ID MOMENTS; LIMIT AB The status of the storage ring experiment capable of probing the proton and deuteron EDM at the 10(-29) e.cm level is presented here. At this level it will be sensitive to a new physics mass scale of similar to 300 TeV. If there is new physics at the LHC, it will be sensitive to 10 mu rad CP-violating phase level making it the most sensitive experiment for CP-violation beyond the SM. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Semertzidis, YK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 730 EP 736 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200160 ER PT S AU O'Brien, E AF O'Brien, Edward BE Marshak, ML TI The Future of RHIC SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Quark Gluon Plasma; Spin; Inelastic proton scattering ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLISIONS; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL is in the middle of a multi-year upgrade program to prepare the facility for its second decade of operation. Upgrades to improve the accelerator luminosity, proton polarization and the physics capabilities of the PHENIX and STAR experiments will continue for the next 4-5 years. Accompanying the facility and experiment upgrades is an expansion of RHIC physics program into new areas of QCD associated with exploration of the properties of the sQGP, components of proton spin, gluon saturation and a search for the QCD critical point. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP O'Brien, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 739 EP 745 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200161 ER PT S AU Morrison, DP AF Morrison, David P. BE Marshak, ML TI The RHIC II Science Program SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE RHIC; quark matter; spin ID COLLISIONS AB The RHIC II science program is made possible by an evolutionary series of accelerator improvements and detector upgrades. The program will allow a detailed and quantitative description of the physical properities of the medium created in high energy heavy-ion collisions. It will also advance the study of the low-x initial state of the colliding nuclei and study the contribution of gluons and sea quarks to the spin of the proton. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Morrison, DP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 746 EP 750 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200162 ER PT S AU Koch, V AF Koch, Volker BE Marshak, ML TI Elliptic Flow and Single Particle Dynamics SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Heavy Ion Collisions; Elliptic flow AB In this contribution we present an alternative scenario for the large elliptic flow observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Motivated by recent results from Lattice QCD on flavor off-diagonal susceptibilities we argue that the matter right above T(c) can be described by single-particle dynamics in a repulsive single-particle potential, which in turn gives rise to elliptic flow. These ideas can be tested experimentally by measuring elliptic flow of heavy quarks, preferably via the measurement of J/Psi elliptic flow. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 759 EP 762 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200165 ER PT S AU Ploskon, M AF Ploskon, Mateusz BE Marshak, ML TI Jet quenching at RHIC. What have we learned? SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Jet quenching; heavy-ions; RHIC; full jet reconstruction AB Partonic energy loss (jet quenching) within the hot and colored medium created in heavy-ion collisions is one of the essential tools to provide quantitative understanding of Quark Gluon Plasma [1]. Measurements of jet quenching via single and di-hadron observables [2] have provided initial estimates of the energy density of the medium. However, these hadron-triggered observables suffer from well-known biases since they fold production cross-sections with the energy loss itself, providing limited information on the initial energy of the propagating jet [3]. Fully reconstructed jets - in terms of energy flow - will allow a complete exploration of fragmentation patterns and will not suffer from geometrical biases, providing deeper understanding of partonic energy loss. We recall the pioneering hadron triggered measurements, summarize their impact and put them in contrast to the recent measurements of fully reconstructed jets in heavy-ions at RHIC. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ploskon, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 779 EP 782 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200170 ER PT S AU Zhang, XP AF Zhang, Xiaoping CA STAR Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI phi meson production and cold nuclear matter effect in d plus Au collisions at,root s(NN)=200 GeV in STAR SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE phi meson production; cold nuclear matter effect; d plus Au collisions ID LARGE TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; D+AU COLLISIONS; HADRON SPECTRA; P+P AB We report preliminary results of phi-meson transverse momentum distribution in most central 200 GeV d+Au collisions, measured from STAR Experiment at RHIC. For the transverse momentum between 2.5 and 4 GeV/c at mid-rapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar<0.5), the nuclear modification factor of phi-meson produced in most central (0-20%) d+Au collisions seems to follow other mesons. Thus, the phi meson nuclear modification factor confirms the trend observed at mid-p(T) that shows a baryon to meson separation, rather than a hadron mass dependence. The results favor the coalescence as the mechanism for particle production at mid-rapidity and intermediate P-T in most central d+Au 200 GeV collisions. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoping; STAR Collaboration] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, XP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xpzhangnju@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 783 EP 786 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200171 ER PT S AU David, G AF David, G. CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI Direct Photons and Dileptons in PHENIX at RHIC SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Direct photons; relativistic heavy ion collisions AB Direct photons and dileptons are penetrating probes of relativistic heavy ion collisions. Generated throughout the entire history of the collision and then emerging without further interaction they give insight into basic processes that are otherwise not directly accessible experimentally. One of the main objectives and strengths of the PHENIX experiment at RHIC is the measurement of both types of electromagnetic probes in the same apparatus and in the widest p(T) range in nucleon-nucleon and heavy ion collisions. The experimental results and recent developments of theory started to change our perception of high transverse momentum photons from A+A collisions. C1 [David, G.; PHENIX Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP David, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 795 EP 798 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200174 ER PT S AU Guzey, V AF Guzey, V. BE Marshak, ML TI The Electron-Ion Collider SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Electron-Ion Collider; nuclear parton distributions AB The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a proposed new facility to collide high-energy electrons with beams of polarized protons/light nuclei and unpolarized nuclei. We overview the goals of the project and key measurements at the EIC. We also briefly comment on recent developments of the project. C1 Ctr Theory, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Guzey, V (reprint author), Ctr Theory, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI Guzey, Vadim/0000-0002-2393-8507 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 803 EP 806 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200176 ER PT S AU Lawrence, D AF Lawrence, D. CA GlueX Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI The GlueX Detector SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE GlueX; exotics; hybrids; flux tube ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER AB The GlueX detector is being built along with the new experimental Hall D at Jefferson lab as part of the 12 GeV upgrade project which received CD-3 approval in fall 2008. GlueX is a fixed target experiment built around a 2 Tesla superconducting solenoid having charged particle tracking and calorimetry with large acceptance. A high rate DAQ system consisting of pipeline electronics will allow the detector to operate at high luminosity (10(8) tagged gamma/sec on target). Details on the photon beam and GlueX detector are given including capabilities in resolutions and rates. C1 [Lawrence, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Lawrence, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 811 EP 815 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200178 ER PT S AU Nadel-Turonski, P Horn, T Ilieva, Y Klein, FJ Paremuzyan, R Stepanyan, S AF Nadel-Turonski, P. Horn, T. Ilieva, Y. Klein, F. J. Paremuzyan, R. Stepanyan, S. BE Marshak, ML TI Timelike Compton Scattering - A First Look SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Timelike Compton; DVCS; GPD AB A major goal of the 12 GeV upgrade at Jefferson Lab is to map out the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) in the valence region. This is primarily done through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS), which provides the simplest and cleanest way of accessing the GPDs. However, the "inverse" process, Timelike Compton Scattering (TCS), can provide an important complement, in particular for measuring the real part of the amplitude and understanding corrections at finite Q(2). The first measurements of TCS have recently been carried out in Hall B at Jefferson Lab, using both tagged and untagged photon beams. C1 [Nadel-Turonski, P.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Horn, T.; Paremuzyan, R.; Stepanyan, S.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Ilieva, Y.] Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Paremuzyan, R.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RP Nadel-Turonski, P (reprint author), Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. FU The National Science Foundation [PHY-0652549] FX This work was in part supported by The National Science Foundation through grant PHY-0652549. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 843 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3293939 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200184 ER PT S AU Horn, T AF Horn, Tanja BE Marshak, ML TI Factorization of Short- and Long-range Interactions in Charged Meson Production SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Meson production; electroproduction reactions; experimental tests factorization; GPD; electromagnetic form factors ID ELECTROPRODUCTION AB Meson production data play an important role in our understanding of nucleon structure. The combination of reaction channels is sensitive to gluon and charge and flavor non-singlet quark densities and has the potential to provide detailed images of the QCD quark structure of the nucleon. Quark imaging requires a good understanding of the reaction mechanism, and in particular rigorous tests of factorization of long- and short-distance physics. The higher energies after the Jefferson Lab 12 GeV upgrade provide ideal conditions for such studies, which are an essential prerequisite for studies of valence quark distributions. An electron-ion collider would allow to extend these studies to detailed imaging of sea quarks and gluons. C1 TJNAF, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Horn, T (reprint author), TJNAF, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 855 EP 858 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200187 ER PT S AU Guzey, V AF Guzey, V. BE Marshak, ML TI Generalized parton distributions of nuclei SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Nuclear GPDs; EMC effect; nuclear shadowing; medium modifications of bound nucleons AB We review recent theoretical results on generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of nuclei, emphasizing the following three roles of nuclear GPDs: (i) complementarity to free proton GPDs, (ii) the enhancement of traditional nuclear effects such nuclear binding, EMC effect, nuclear shadowing, and (iii) an access to novel nuclear effects such as medium modifications of bound nucleons. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Guzey, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI Guzey, Vadim/0000-0002-2393-8507 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 872 EP 875 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200191 ER PT S AU Tsushima, K AF Tsushima, K. BE Marshak, ML TI Binding of D, (D)over-bar and J/Psi mesons in nuclei SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Meson-nuclear bound state; D, (D)over-bar and J/Psi in nuclei; Quark-meson coupling model ID MATTER AB We estimate the D, (D) over bar and J/Psi meson potentials in nuclei. J/Psi-nuclear potential (self-energy) is calculated based on the color-singlet mechanism, by the DD and DD* meson loops. This consistently includes the in-medium properties of D and D* mesons. The potential obtained for the PT meson is attractive, and it is complementary to the attraction obtained from the color-octet gluon-based mechanism. We predict that the D(-) and J/Psi mesons will be bound in nuclei under proper conditions. C1 EBAC Theory Ctr, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Tsushima, K (reprint author), EBAC Theory Ctr, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 886 EP 889 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200194 ER PT S AU Burkert, VD Aznauryan, I AF Burkert, Volker D. Aznauryan, Inna CA CLAS Collaboration BE Marshak, ML TI New Results on Nucleon Resonance Transition Form Factors SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Nucleon resonances; pion electroproduction; transition amplitudes; quark models ID ELECTROPRODUCTION; MODEL AB Recent measurements with CLAS at Jefferson Lab of nucleon resonance transition form factors for several lower mass states are discussed. C1 [Burkert, Volker D.; Aznauryan, Inna] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Burkert, VD (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 900 EP 904 DI 10.1063/1.3293954 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200197 ER PT S AU Young, RD AF Young, R. D. BE Marshak, ML TI Aspects of SU(3) baryon extrapolation SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Lattice QCD; Chiral extrapolation ID CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; MASSES; QCD AB We report on a recent chiral extrapolation, based on an SU(3) framework, of octet baryon masses calculated in 2+1-flavour lattice QCD. Here we further clarify the form of the extrapolation, the estimation of the infinite-volume limit, the extracted low-energy constants and the corrections in the strange-quark mass. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Young, RD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Young, Ross/H-8207-2012 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 905 EP 908 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200198 ER PT S AU Lin, HW AF Lin, Huey-Wen BE Marshak, ML TI g(A) and Octet Axial Charges SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE Lattice QCD; axial coupling constants; hyperons; nucleon spin structures; form factors ID LATTICE QCD; PHYSICS AB We review recent progress on lattice calculations of nucleon axial coupling constants, as well as couplings of other octet members. With a combined SU(3) fit to all octet baryons, we find a better determination of g(A) = 1.18(4)(stat)(6)(syst). Our predictions for g(Sigma Sigma) = 0.450(21)(stat)(27)(syst) and g(Xi Xi) = 0.277(15)(stat)(19)(syst) are better determined than previous theoretical estimations. Finally, we describe a preliminary first full-QCD calculation of semileptonic decay quantity (g(1) (0)/f(1) (0))(Sigma -> n) = 0.348(37). C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Lin, HW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 909 EP 912 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200199 ER PT S AU Thomas, AW AF Thomas, Anthony W. BE Marshak, ML TI Overview of Issues Surrounding Strangeness in the Nucleon SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 26-31, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Brookhaven Natl Lab, European Phys Journal, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Fermi Res Associates, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, US DOE, Off Sci, Universities Res Assoc, Univ Minnesota DE strange quarks; Lamb shift; lattice QCD; parity violating electron scattering AB The calculation of the strangeness content of the nucleon and its experimental verification is a fundamental step in establishing non-perturbative QCD as the correct theory describing the structure of hadrons. It holds a role in QCD analogous to the correct calculation of the Lamb shift in QED. We review the latest developments in the vector and scalar matrix elements of the strange quarks in the proton, where there has recently been considerable progress. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Suite 1,12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0723-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1182 BP 933 EP 936 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQO88 UT WOS:000281460200205 ER PT J AU Lehikoinen, A Finsterle, S Voutilainen, A Kowalsky, MB Kaipio, JP AF Lehikoinen, A. Finsterle, S. Voutilainen, A. Kowalsky, M. B. Kaipio, J. P. TI Dynamical inversion of geophysical ERT data: state estimation in the vadose zone SO INVERSE PROBLEMS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamical inversion; Kalman filter; state estimation ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY; OPTICAL DIFFUSION TOMOGRAPHY; CURRENT COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; APPROXIMATION ERRORS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY; ELECTRODE MODELS; POROUS-MEDIA; IDENTIFICATION AB The imaging of the evolution of conductive fluids in porous media with electrical resistance tomography (ERT) can be considered as a dynamic inverse problem, in which the time-dependent electrical conductivity distribution in the target region is inferred from voltage measurements at electrodes placed in boreholes or on the ground surface. A petrophysical relationship is then used to relate the electrical conductivity to water saturation. We consider a state estimation approach that combines the complete electrode model for simulating ERT measurements and a hydrological evolution model for unsaturated flow. To demonstrate the approach, we consider synthetic measurements from a simulated experiment in which water is injected from a point source into an initially dry soil. The purpose is to carry out a feasible study. In the studied simple cases, the proposed method provides improved estimates of the water saturation distribution compared to the traditional reconstruction approach, which does not employ an evolution model. C1 [Lehikoinen, A.; Voutilainen, A.; Kaipio, J. P.] Univ Kuopio, Dept Phys, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. [Finsterle, S.; Kowalsky, M. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaipio, J. P.] Univ Auckland, Dept Math, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Voutilainen, A (reprint author), Univ Kuopio, Dept Phys, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. EM Arto.Voutilainen@uku.fi RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; Kaipio, Jari/0000-0002-7392-5149 FU Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation ( TEKES) [40285/05, 40347/05]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We would like to thank Jim Berryman and Jinsong Chen (LBNL) for their reviews of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), projects 40285/05 and 40347/05, by the Academy of Finland through the Centre of Excellence in Inverse Problems Research programme and by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1741-5977 J9 INVERSE PROBL SCI EN JI Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng. PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 715 EP 736 AR PII 908586719 DI 10.1080/17415970802475951 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 480SX UT WOS:000268758200001 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, Paul T. TI Prospective Epidemiological Cohort Study of Reduced Risk for Incident Cataract with Vigorous Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness during a 7-Year Follow-up SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; OPACITIES CASE-CONTROL; AGE-RELATED CATARACT; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; BODY-MASS INDEX; LENS OPACITIES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MALE RUNNERS; WEIGHT-LOSS; MEN AB PURPOSE. To test whether greater vigorous physical activity (kilometers per week run) and greater cardiorespiratory fitness (10-km race performance in meters per second) reduce the incidence of clinically diagnosed cataract. METHODS. Prospective cohort study of self-reported clinical diagnosis of cataract in nondiabetic, nonvegetarian, and nonsmoking male (n = 29,025) and female runners (n = 11,967). RESULTS. Incident cataracts were reported by 733 (2.53%) men and 179 (1.50%) women during (mean +/- SE) 7.74 +/- 0.01 and 7.42 +/- 0.02 years of follow-up, respectively. The risk for incident cataract increased with BMI, such that the risk in men > 27.5 kg/m(2) was 88% larger than in men < 20 kg/m(2). Men's cataract risk declined significantly in relation to running distance (P = 0.01), even when adjusted for BMI. Men who ran >= 64 km/wk had 35% lower risk for cataract than those reporting < 16 km/wk (28% lower risk when adjusted for BMI). In addition, men with greater cardiorespiratory fitness were at significantly less risk for development of cataract than were the least fit men. This result was not accounted for by adjustment for running distance or BMI. Compared with the least fit men, those who ran faster than 4.75 m/s had 50% lower risk for incident cataract (43% lower when adjusted for km/wk and BMI). CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that the men's cataract risk decreased in association with lower BMI, greater physical activity, and greater cardiorespiratory fitness, the latter being statistically independent of both BMI and physical activity. The study limitations include the absence of confirmation of the clinical diagnosis and the lack of specificity of the type of cataract. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 95-100) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-1797 C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ptwilliams@lbl.gov FU National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [HL-45652, HL-072110]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-066738]; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Supported in part by Grants HL-45652 and HL-072110 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and Grant DK-066738 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The study was conducted at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory supported by Department of Energy Grant DE-AC03-76SF00098 to the University of California. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1167/iovs.08-1797 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 390YP UT WOS:000262199900013 PM 18408175 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, Paul T. TI Prospective Study of Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Relation to Vigorous Physical Activity during a 7-Year Follow-up SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; BLUE-MOUNTAINS-EYE; BEAVER DAM EYE; DIETARY-FAT; MALE RUNNERS; WEIGHT-LOSS; MEN AB PURPOSE. To test whether the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) decreases with vigorous physical activity. METHODS. This was a prospective study of self-reported clinically diagnosed macular degeneration in male (n = 29,532) and female (n = 12,176) runners followed prospectively for 7.7 years. Survival analyses of incident AMD versus average running distance (kilometers per day), cardiorespiratory fitness (10-km footrace performance), body mass index (BMI), cigarette use, and diet at baseline. RESULTS. The 110 men and 42 women reporting incident AMD were older than those unaffected (mean +/- SE: 54.81 +/- 0.97 vs. 44.86 +/- 0.06 years), and the men were significantly more likely to have once smoked cigarettes (50.6 vs. 41.2%, P = 0.04 when adjusted for age). Age- and sex-adjusted AMD risk was greater in the men and women who consumed more meat (3.17 +/- 0.20 vs. 2.55 +/- 0.02 servings/wk) and less fruit (9.41 +/- 0.70 vs. 10.92 +/- 0.05 pieces/wk). The men and women reporting incident AMD ran for exercise significantly less than those who remained unaffected, when adjustment was made for age and sex (4.57 +/- 0.30 vs. 5.34 +/- 0.02 km/d, P <= 0.01). When adjusted for age, sex, diet, and smoking history, the relative risk for AMD decreased 10% per km/d increment in running distance. Moreover, compared with the men and women who averaged less than 2 km/d, those averaging 2 to 4 km/d had 19% lower adjusted risk, and those averaging >= 4 km/d had 42% to 54% lower adjusted AMD risk. CONCLUSIONS. Higher doses of vigorous exercise (running) are associated with lower incident AMD risk independent of weight, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cigarette use. Limitations of the analyses include the select nature of the sample and reliance on self-report of both running history and clinically diagnosed AMD. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 101-106) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2165 C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ptwilliams@lbl.gov FU National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [HL-45652, HL-072110]; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK-066738]; Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX Supported in part by Grants HL-45652 and HL-072110 from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and by Grant DK-066738 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The study was conducted at the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory supported by Department of Energy DE-AC03-76SF00098 to the University of California. NR 64 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 6 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 101 EP 106 DI 10.1167/iovs.08-2165 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 390YP UT WOS:000262199900014 PM 18566466 ER PT S AU Wang, P Laskin, J AF Wang, Peng Laskin, Julia BE Hellborg, R Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y TI Surface Modification Using Reactive Landing of Mass-Selected Ions SO ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Particle Acceleration and Detection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER SURFACES; SUPPORTED GOLD CLUSTERS; TREATED METAL-SURFACE; LOW-ENERGY COLLISIONS; THIN-FILM GROWTH; INDUCED DISSOCIATION; POLYATOMIC IONS; CHEMICAL-MODIFICATION; PEPTIDE IONS; COVALENT IMMOBILIZATION C1 [Laskin, Julia] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, Peng; Laskin, Julia] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laskin, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pengwang77@gmail.com; Julia.Laskin@pnl.gov OI Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644 NR 119 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1611-1052 BN 978-3-642-00622-7 J9 PART ACCEL DETECT PY 2009 BP 37 EP 65 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_3 PG 29 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMQ88 UT WOS:000273360700003 ER PT S AU Whitlow, HJ Zhang, YW AF Whitlow, Harry J. Zhang, Yanwen BE Hellborg, R Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y TI Basics of Ion Scattering in Nanoscale Materials SO ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Particle Acceleration and Detection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANGLE MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SCREENED COULOMB REGION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS C1 [Whitlow, Harry J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Zhang, Yanwen] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whitlow, HJ (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. EM harry.j.whitlow@jyu.fi; Yanwen.zhang@pnl.gov; harry.j.whitlow@jyu.fi NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1611-1052 BN 978-3-642-00622-7 J9 PART ACCEL DETECT PY 2009 BP 69 EP 86 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_4 PG 18 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMQ88 UT WOS:000273360700004 ER PT S AU Zhang, YW Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Yanwen Weber, William J. BE Hellborg, R Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y TI Box 1: Stopping of Ions in Nanomaterials SO ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Particle Acceleration and Detection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; DAMAGE EVOLUTION; RADIATION; SUBLATTICES; TOLERANCE; NANOTUBES; STRENGTH; OXIDES C1 [Zhang, Yanwen; Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov; Bill.Weber@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1611-1052 BN 978-3-642-00622-7 J9 PART ACCEL DETECT PY 2009 BP 87 EP 93 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_5 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMQ88 UT WOS:000273360700005 ER PT S AU Zhang, YW AF Zhang, Yanwen BE Hellborg, R Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y TI Box 3: Ion Ranges SO ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Particle Acceleration and Detection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BINARY-COLLISION APPROXIMATION; SIMULATION; SOLIDS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.zhang@pnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1611-1052 BN 978-3-642-00622-7 J9 PART ACCEL DETECT PY 2009 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_7 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMQ88 UT WOS:000273360700007 ER PT S AU Gao, F AF Gao, Fei BE Hellborg, R Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y TI Computer Simulation Methods for Defect Configurations and Nanoscale Structures SO ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Particle Acceleration and Detection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KINETIC MONTE-CARLO; IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; VOID LATTICE FORMATION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; AB-INITIO; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ANNEALING SIMULATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-87, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1611-1052 BN 978-3-642-00622-7 J9 PART ACCEL DETECT PY 2009 BP 107 EP 127 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_8 PG 21 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMQ88 UT WOS:000273360700008 ER PT S AU Gao, F AF Gao, Fei BE Hellborg, R Whitlow, HJ Zhang, Y TI Box 4: Interatomic Potential SO ION BEAMS IN NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Particle Acceleration and Detection LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID METALS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-87, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM fei.gao@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1611-1052 BN 978-3-642-00622-7 J9 PART ACCEL DETECT PY 2009 BP 147 EP 149 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_10 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BMQ88 UT WOS:000273360700010 ER PT S AU Wishart, JF Shkrob, IA AF Wishart, James F. Shkrob, Ilya A. BE Plechkova, NV Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI The Radiation Chemistry of Ionic Liquids and its Implications for their Use in Nuclear Fuel Processing SO IONIC LIQUIDS: FROM KNOWLEDGE TO APPLICATION SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc ID PICOSECOND PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; METHYLTRIBUTYLAMMONIUM BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; REACTION-KINETICS; METAL-IONS; EXTRACTION; ELECTRON; SOLVENTS; COORDINATION AB The use of ionic liquids as a medium for the processing of spent nuclear fuel, where their safety and process improvement advantages could be significant, promises to contribute substantially to the development of advanced nuclear fuel cycles to improve the world's energy posture. It is therefore important to study the radiation chemistry of ionic liquids, to determine their radiolytic products and degradation pathways, and to describe how the radiolysis may affect or interfere with separation processes. As it turns out, many of the important features of ionic liquid radiation chemistry can be traced back to unique aspects of their physical chemistry. C1 [Wishart, James F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wishart, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wishart, James/L-6303-2013 OI Wishart, James/0000-0002-0488-7636 NR 62 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6997-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2009 VL 1030 BP 119 EP 134 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA BVL06 UT WOS:000291783000008 ER PT J AU Baker, SN McCarty, TA Bright, FV Heller, WT Baker, GA AF Baker, Sheila N. McCarty, Taylor A. Bright, Frank V. Heller, William T. Baker, Gary A. BE Koel, M TI Ionic liquid advances in optical, electrochemical, and biochemical sensor technology SO IONIC LIQUIDS IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SE Analytical Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; MODIFIED ELECTRODE; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE FILM; NANOTUBES; FLUORESCENCE; SOLVENTS; BINDER; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE C1 [Baker, Sheila N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Baker, Sheila N.] Sci Catalyst Inc, Knoxville, TN USA. [Baker, Sheila N.; Heller, William T.; Baker, Gary A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bright, Frank V.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Heller, William T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Baker, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730 NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-4646-5 J9 ANAL CHEM SER PY 2009 BP 99 EP 137 PG 39 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BKU29 UT WOS:000269259400005 ER PT J AU Luo, HM Dai, S AF Luo, Huimin Dai, Sheng BE Koel, M TI Separation of metal ions based on ionic liquids SO IONIC LIQUIDS IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SE Analytical Chemistry Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TEMPERATURE MOLTEN-SALTS; ACIDIC NITRATE MEDIA; CROWN-ETHER COMPLEXES; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; MACROCYCLIC POLYETHERS; TANK WASTE; CESIUM; STRONTIUM; CATIONS; WATER C1 [Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dai, Sheng] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Luo, HM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-4646-5 J9 ANAL CHEM SER PY 2009 BP 269 EP 294 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BKU29 UT WOS:000269259400012 ER PT J AU Keles, G O'Kiely, P Lenehan, JJ Forristal, PD AF Keles, G. O'Kiely, P. Lenehan, J. J. Forristal, P. D. TI Conservation characteristics of baled grass silages differing in duration of wilting, bale density and number of layers of plastic stretch-film SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bale density; baled silage; conservation characteristics; stretch-film; wilting ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; FARMS AB The effects of duration of wilting, bale density and number of layers of plastic stretch-film used to wrap bales on the conservation characteristics of baled grass silage was investigated. Grass from the primary growth of a Lolium perenne dominant sward was wilted for 24,48 or 72 h. For each duration of wilting, 54 cylindrical bales (1.2 m nominal diameter) were made with the baler at a high or low density setting for alternate bales. Bales were wrapped with 2, 4 or 6 layers of plastic stretch-film and stored outdoors for 295 days. Two layers of plastic stretch-film resulted in inferior preservation, lower digestibility and extensive mould growth and deteriorated silage. Substantial improvement occurred to each of these characteristics from applying four layers of stretch-film (P<0.05), while six layers of stretch-film brought little further improvement. When four or six layers of stretch-film were used, extensive wilting restricted fermentation and improved the standard of preservation with the apparently difficult-to-preserve herbage used in this experiment. However, under the anaerobic conditions provided by four or six layers of stretch-film neither progressive wilting nor bale density had a major effect on digestibility, or the extent of surface mould growth or deteriorated silage. It can be concluded that a minimum of four layers of conventional black plastic stretch-film were required to achieve suitably anaerobic conditions, and that the additional benefits from six layers were small. Once anaerobic conditions were achieved, extensive wilting improved the conservation characteristics of baled grass silage made from a difficult-to-preserve crop, whereas bale density had little impact. C1 [Keles, G.; O'Kiely, P.; Lenehan, J. J.] TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. [Forristal, P. D.] TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Oak Pk, Carlow, Ireland. RP O'Kiely, P (reprint author), TEAGASC, Grange Beef Res Ctr, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland. EM padraig.okiely@teagasc.ie NR 28 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 6 PU TEAGASC PI CARLOW PA OAK PARK, CARLOW 00000, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 1 BP 21 EP 34 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 533JJ UT WOS:000272819500002 ER PT J AU Gilliland, TJ McGilloway, D Conaghan, P AF Gilliland, T. J. McGilloway, D. Conaghan, P. TI Influence of testing procedure on evaluation of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) SO IRISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cutting; grazing; persistency; white clover; yield ID VARIETIES AB This study examined data sets derived from the white clover cultivar evaluation programmes of AFBI (N. Ireland), and DAFF (Republic of Ireland) to determine whether elite performing genotypes are identifiable, independent of test procedure and leaf size factors. Genetic variation in yield and persistency, independent of the leaf size continuum effect, was observed. Identification of elite cultivars by breeders or testers therefore required readjustment of assessment standards to account for the mostly curvilinear relationships between performance and leaf size. The different testing procedures, involving cutting or grazing at different heights, frequencies and nitrogen rates changed the relative performances between the cultivars, making it difficult to predict performance potential beyond specific test conditions. The underlying causes for these changes in rankings was considered, including sensitivity to season and location, the antagonistic affects of defoliation pressure and companion grass competition, the independence of different seasonal profiles and the probable role of other morphological characteristics. In is concluded that testing authorities must calculate the management by leaf size relationships to adjust pass/fail standards if elite performing cultivars are to be correctly indentified. C1 [Gilliland, T. J.] Agrifood & Biosci Inst, Crossnacreevy, Co Down, North Ireland. [McGilloway, D.] Dept Agr Fisheries & Food, Crop Variety Evaluat Div, Backweston, Kildare, Ireland. [Conaghan, P.] TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. RP Gilliland, TJ (reprint author), Agrifood & Biosci Inst, Crossnacreevy, Co Down, North Ireland. EM Trevor.Gilliland@afbini.gov.uk NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU TEAGASC PI CARLOW PA OAK PARK, CARLOW 00000, IRELAND SN 0791-6833 J9 IRISH J AGR FOOD RES JI Irish J. Agr. Food Res. PY 2009 VL 48 IS 2 BP 227 EP 242 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 632LT UT WOS:000280426900007 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, N Nabeshima, S Kishimoto, Y Ishiguro, Y Sridhar, S AF Kikuchi, Naoki Nabeshima, Seiji Kishimoto, Yasuo Ishiguro, Yasuhide Sridhar, Seetharaman TI Micro-structure Refinement in Low Carbon High Manganese Steels through Ti-deoxidation: Austenite Grain Growth and Decomposition SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Cutting Edge of Studies in Inclusions and Precipitates Behavior Related to Microstructure Control CY SEP, 2008 CL Kumamoto, JAPAN DE low-carbon steel; de-oxidation; aluminum; titanium; inclusion; solidification microstructure; confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy; phase transformation; grain growth ID SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURE; INCLUSION PARTICLES; PRECIPITATION AB This paper investigates the effect of de-oxidation inclusions on micro-structure evolution in low-carbon steels. Low carbon (0.07wt%), high Mn (0.9wt%) steel in a Al(2)O(3) or MgO crucible was deoxidized by adding either aluminum (0.05wt%) or titanium (0.05, 0.03 or 0.015wt%) in a 400g-scale vacuum furnace, and cast in a Cu mold at cooling rates between 2.0-6.0 K/s. These cast samples were re-melted and cooled at various cooling rate, 1 through 100 K/s in the hot-stage of a conforcal laser scanning microscope (CSLM) in order to investigate the effect of cooling rate. Oxide inclusion sizes in all the Ti-killed steels were smaller and inclusion densities higher than those in the Al-killed steel. In Ti-killed steel, inclusion size and densities increased with increasing the oxygen content, inclusion size decreased and their densities increased with increasing the cooling rate. A Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM) was used to study the differences in solid state microstructural evolution between the Ti-killed and the Al-killed samples. The growth of austenite grains were studied under isothermal conditions and it was found that both grain-boundary mobility and final grain size were lower in the Ti-killed sample than for the others. With regards to austenite decomposition, during continuous cooling from a comparable austenite grain structure, the resulting austenite decomposition structure was finer for the Ti-killed sample due to a higher Widmanstatten lath density due to precipitation at. The inclusion size was found to have a significant effect on both austenite grain size and austenite decomposition structure. Different orientations of ferrite precipitates originating at inclusions were observed in the Ti-killed samples. The highest lath concentration was obtained for the sample that had the smallest average inclusion size rather than the sample with highest density of sub micro-meter inclusions. C1 [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA NIIKURA BLDG 2F, 2 KANDA-TSUKASACHO 2-CHOME, TOKYO, CHIYODA-KU 101-0048, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2009 VL 49 IS 7 BP 1036 EP 1045 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 475LW UT WOS:000268361800015 ER PT J AU Hwang, CC Wu, WM Gentry, TJ Carley, J Corbin, GA Carroll, SL Watson, DB Jardine, PM Zhou, JZ Criddle, CS Fields, MW AF Hwang, Chiachi Wu, Weimin Gentry, Terry J. Carley, Jack Corbin, Gail A. Carroll, Sue L. Watson, David B. Jardine, Phil M. Zhou, Jizhong Criddle, Craig S. Fields, Matthew W. TI Bacterial community succession during in situ uranium bioremediation: spatial similarities along controlled flow paths SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bacterial community dynamics; uranium bioreduction; uranium-reducing populations ID CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; MILL TAILINGS; FIELD-SCALE; 16S RDNA; DIVERSITY; REDUCTION AB Bacterial community succession was investigated in a field-scale subsurface reactor formed by a series of wells that received weekly ethanol additions to re-circulating groundwater. Ethanol additions stimulated denitrification, metal reduction, sulfate reduction and U(VI) reduction to sparingly soluble U(IV). Clone libraries of SSU rRNA gene sequences from groundwater samples enabled tracking of spatial and temporal changes over a 1.5-year period. Analyses showed that the communities changed in a manner consistent with geochemical variations that occurred along temporal and spatial scales. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the levels of nitrate, uranium, sulfide, sulfate and ethanol were strongly correlated with particular bacterial populations. As sulfate and U(VI) levels declined, sequences representative of sulfate reducers and metal reducers were detected at high levels. Ultimately, sequences associated with sulfate-reducing populations predominated, and sulfate levels declined as U(VI) remained at low levels. When engineering controls were compared with the population variation through canonical ordination, changes could be related to dissolved oxygen control and ethanol addition. The data also indicated that the indigenous populations responded differently to stimulation for bioreduction; however, the two biostimulated communities became more similar after different transitions in an idiosyncratic manner. The strong associations between particular environmental variables and certain populations provide insight into the establishment of practical and successful remediation strategies in radionuclide-contaminated environments with respect to engineering controls and microbial ecology. C1 [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hwang, Chiachi; Corbin, Gail A.] Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Wu, Weimin; Criddle, Craig S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Gentry, Terry J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Carley, Jack; Carroll, Sue L.; Watson, David B.; Jardine, Phil M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Fields, MW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Dept Microbiol, 366 EPS Bldg, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM matthew.fields@erc.montana.edu RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Genomics: GTL program between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF-MRI [NSF 0420479]; [DOEAC05-00OR22725] FX We thank Dr A Konopka for comments and discussions and Dr MB Leigh for comparison with unpublished data. We also thank the comments of the anonymous reviewers. This study and the Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival are supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics: GTL program through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy. Partial funding was also provided under grant DOEAC05-00OR22725. Sequence determination was enhanced through an NSF-MRI equipment grant to Miami University (NSF 0420479). NR 66 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 47 EP 64 DI 10.1038/ismej.2008.77 PG 18 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 392IW UT WOS:000262297400005 PM 18769457 ER PT J AU Sowell, SM Wilhelm, LJ Norbeck, AD Lipton, MS Nicora, CD Barofsky, DF Carlson, CA Smith, RD Giovanonni, SJ AF Sowell, Sarah M. Wilhelm, Larry J. Norbeck, Angela D. Lipton, Mary S. Nicora, Carrie D. Barofsky, Douglas F. Carlson, Craig A. Smith, Richard D. Giovanonni, Stephen J. TI Transport functions dominate the SAR11 metaproteome at low-nutrient extremes in the Sargasso Sea SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE metaproteomics; oligotrophy; SAR11; Sargasso Sea; transport ID ATLANTIC TIME-SERIES; SYNECHOCOCCUS SP PCC7942; NORTH-ATLANTIC; COMMUNITY PROTEOMICS; INORGANIC CARBON; SINGLE CELLS; BACTERIOPLANKTON; BACTERIA; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN AB The northwestern Sargasso Sea undergoes annual cycles of productivity with increased production in spring corresponding to periods of upwelling, and oligotrophy in summer and autumn, when the water column becomes highly stratified. The biological productivity of this region is reduced during stratified periods as a result of low concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in the euphotic zone. To better understand the mechanisms of microbial survival in this oligotrophic environment, we used capillary liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry to detect microbial proteins in surface samples collected in September 2005. A total of 2215 peptides that mapped to 236 SAR11 proteins, 1911 peptides that mapped to 402 Prochlorococcus proteins and 2407 peptides that mapped to 404 Synechococcus proteins were detected. Mass spectra from SAR11 periplasmic substrate-binding proteins accounted for a disproportionately large fraction of the peptides detected, consistent with observations that these extremely small cells devote a large proportion of their volume to periplasm. Abundances were highest for periplasmic substrate-binding proteins for phosphate, amino acids, phosphonate, sugars and spermidine. Proteins implicated in the prevention of oxidative damage and protein refolding were also abundant. Our findings support the view that competition for multiple nutrients in oligotrophic systems is extreme, but nutrient flux is sufficient to sustain microbial community activity. C1 [Sowell, Sarah M.] Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Norbeck, Angela D.; Lipton, Mary S.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Barofsky, Douglas F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Carlson, Craig A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Wilhelm, Larry J.; Giovanonni, Stephen J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Giovanonni, SJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM steve.giovannoni@oregonstate.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX We thank the scientists and staff of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study Site for their assistance and support; specifically, the crew of the Weatherbird II for their help in sample collection and Rachel Parsons for her technical and administrative assistance. We also thank Dr Allen Milligan for sharing his expertize. This work was supported by a Marine Microbiology Initiative Investigator Award from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Portions of this research were also supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research and performed at the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a DOE national scientific user facility located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 68 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 1 BP 93 EP 105 DI 10.1038/ismej.2008.83 PG 13 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 392IW UT WOS:000262297400008 PM 18769456 ER PT B AU Li, JT Ma, XS Singh, K Schulz, M de Supinski, BR Mckee, SA AF Li, Jiangtian Ma, Xiaosong Singh, Karan Schulz, Martin de Supinski, Bronis R. McKee, Sally A. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Machine Learning Based Online Performance Prediction for Runtime Parallelization and Task Scheduling SO ISPASS 2009: IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE SE IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software-ISPASS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software CY APR 26-28, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc DE Performance Prediction; Artificial Neural Networks; Automatic Task Scheduling; Scripting Languages AB With the emerging many-core paradigm, parallel programming must extend beyond its traditional realm of scientific applications. Converting existing sequential applications as well as developing next-generation software requires assistance from hardware, compilers and runtime systems to exploit parallelism transparently within applications. These systems must decompose applications into tasks that can be executed in parallel and then schedule those tasks to minimize load imbalance. However, many systems lack a priori knowledge about the execution time of all tasks to perform effective load balancing with low scheduling overhead. In this paper, we approach this fundamental problem using machine learning techniques first to generate performance models for all tasks and then applying those models to perform automatic performance prediction across program executions. We also extend an existing scheduling algorithm to use generated task cost estimates for online task partitioning and scheduling. We implement the above techniques in the pR framework, which transparently parallelizes scripts in the popular R language, and evaluate their performance and overhead with both a real-world application and a large number of synthetic representative test scripts. Our experimental results show that our proposed approach significantly improves task partitioning and scheduling, with maximum improvements of 21.8%, 40.3% and 22.1% and average improvements of 15.9%, 16.9% and 4.2% for LMM (a real R application) and synthetic test cases with independent and dependent tasks, respectively. C1 [Li, Jiangtian; Ma, Xiaosong] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Ma, Xiaosong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Singh, Karan] Cornell Univ, Comp Syst Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Schulz, Martin; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McKee, Sally A.] Chalmers, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Li, JT (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM jli3@ncsu.edu; ma@csc.ncsu.edu; karan@csl.cornell.edu; schulzm@llnl.gov; bronis@cs.umn.edu; mckee@chalmers.se FU DOE ECPI [DE-FG02-05ER25685]; NSF CAREER [CNS-0546301]; Xiaosong Ma's joint appointment between NCSU and ORNL; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE- AC52-07NA27344]; NSF CPA [E70-8321] FX The research at NCSU was sponsored in part by a DOE ECPI Award (DE-FG02-05ER25685), an NSF CAREER Award (CNS-0546301), and Xiaosong Mas joint appointment between NCSU and ORNL. Also this work was performed in part under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE- AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-407723) and under NSF CPA award E70-8321. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4184-6 J9 INT SYM PERFORM ANAL PY 2009 BP 89 EP + DI 10.1109/IFITA.2009.493 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BQC53 UT WOS:000280690100009 ER PT B AU Paul, S Garg, R Khatri, SP Vaidya, S AF Paul, Suganth Garg, Rajesh Khatri, Sunil P. Vaidya, Sheila GP IEEE TI Design and Implementation of a Sub-threshold BFSK Transmitter SO ISQED 2009: PROCEEDINGS 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON QUALITY ELECTRONIC DESIGN, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design CY MAR 16-18, 2009 CL San Jose, CA DE Sub-threshold Design; Low Power; BFSK; Adaptive Body Biasing AB Power Consumption in VLSI circuits is currently a major issue in the semiconductor industry. Power is a first order design constraint in many applications. However, a growing class of applications need extreme low power but do not need high speed. Sub-threshold circuit design can be used for these applications. Unfortunately, sub-threshold circuits exhibit an exponential sensitivity to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations. In this paper we implement and test a robust subthreshold design flow which uses circuit level PVT compensation to stabilize circuit performance. We design and fabricate a subthreshold BFSK transmitter chip. The transmitter is specified to transmit baseband signals up to a data rate of 32kbps. Experiments using the fabricated die, verify the functionality of the design show that the sub-threshold circuit consumes 19.4x lower power than the traditional standard cell based implementation on the same die. C1 [Paul, Suganth] Intel Corp, Austin, TX 78746 USA. [Garg, Rajesh; Khatri, Sunil P.] Texas A&M Univ, Dep ECE, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Vaidya, Sheila] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Paul, S (reprint author), Intel Corp, Austin, TX 78746 USA. EM suganth.paul@intel.com; rajeshgarg@tamu.edu; sunilkhatri@tamu.edu; vaidya1@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2952-3 PY 2009 BP 664 EP + DI 10.1109/ISQED.2009.4810373 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BKP16 UT WOS:000268848600113 ER PT J AU Bondar, AN Smith, JC AF Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta Smith, Jeremy C. TI Water Molecules in Short- and Long-Distance Proton Transfer Steps of Bacteriorhodopsin Proton Pumping SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE NMR; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; SCHIFF-BASE; L-INTERMEDIATE; EXTRACELLULAR SURFACE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ENERGY-STORAGE; IR-SPECTRA; KEY ROLE AB The proton pumping cycle of bacteriorhodopsin consists of five consecutive proton transfer steps, in all of which water molecules are likely to play critical roles. Here we review the role of water molecules in bacteriorhodopsin function, with emphasis oil computations of the retinal Schiff base deprotonation reaction and the open questions regarding the participation of water molecules in the longer-distance proton transfer reactions. C1 [Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Ctr Biomembrane Syst, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Smith, Jeremy C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bondar, AN (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Med Sci 1,D374, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM nicoleta.bondar@uci.edu; smithjc@ornl.gov RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 NR 68 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SCIENCE FROM ISRAEL-DIVISION OF LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA PO BOX 34299, JERUSALEM 91341, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISR J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1560/IJC.49.2.155 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 507VQ UT WOS:000270883700004 ER PT B AU Tangyunyong, P McFarland, R Flores, RS Pearson, S Sanchez, MO AF Tangyunyong, Paiboon McFarland, Rick Flores, Richard S. Pearson, Sean Sanchez, Marco O. GP ASM International TI Pseudo-Soft Defect Localization SO ISTFA 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis CY NOV 15-19, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP Elect Device Failure Anal Soc, ASM Int AB In this paper, we describe a modified soft defect localization (SDL) technique, PSDL (pseudo-soft defect localization), to localize pseudo-soft defects in integrated circuits (ICs). Similar to soft defects, functional failures due to pseudo-soft defects are sensitive to operating parameters (such as voltages, frequencies and temperatures) and/or laser exposures. Pass/fail states in pseudo soft defect failures are, however, not fully reversible after laser exposure or after changing operating parameters. PSDL uses the methodology of conventional SDL and/or TIVA in combination with a new scanning scheme for defect localization. An example will be shown to demonstrate the use of this technique to localize pseudo-soft defects C1 [Tangyunyong, Paiboon; McFarland, Rick; Flores, Richard S.; Pearson, Sean; Sanchez, Marco O.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tangyunyong, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ptangyu@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-008-8 PY 2009 BP 38 EP 42 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BRD98 UT WOS:000282455300007 ER PT B AU Granata, JE Collins, E Mundt, M Sorensen, NR Quintana, MA AF Granata, Jennifer E. Collins, Elmer Mundt, Mike Sorensen, N. Robert Quintana, Michael A. GP ASM International TI Approaches to Photovoltaic Systems Reliability SO ISTFA 2009 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis CY NOV 15-19, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP Elect Device Failure Anal Soc, ASM Int C1 [Granata, Jennifer E.; Collins, Elmer; Mundt, Mike; Sorensen, N. Robert; Quintana, Michael A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Granata, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jegrana@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-008-8 PY 2009 BP 166 EP 170 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BRD98 UT WOS:000282455300029 ER PT B AU Chute, R Dresher, S Balakireva, L Van de Sompel, H AF Chute, Ryan Dresher, Stephan Balakireva, Luda Van de Sompel, Herbert GP ACM TI An Interoperability Service Framework for High-resolution Image Applications SO JCDL 09: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 ACM/IEEE JOINT CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL LIBRARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Annual International ACM/IEEE Joint Conferene on Digital Libraries CY JUN 15-19, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP ACM SIGWEB, ACM Speial Intrest Grp Informat Retrieval, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE DE Digital libraries; architecture; standards; interoperability; digital imaging; JPEG 2000; JSON; OAI-ORE; OpenURL AB This poster presents a prototype architecture and potential use-cases for a standards-based service framework to simplify development of high-resolution image viewing clients. C1 [Chute, Ryan; Dresher, Stephan; Balakireva, Luda; Van de Sompel, Herbert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chute, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Digital Lib Res & Prototyping Team, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rchute@lanl.gov; stephand@lanl.gov; lbalakireva@lanl.gov; herbertv@lanl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-697-7 PY 2009 BP 375 EP 375 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BWY55 UT WOS:000295296700057 ER PT J AU Dillard, DA Singh, HK Pohlit, DJ Starbuck, JM AF Dillard, David A. Singh, Hitendra K. Pohlit, David J. Starbuck, J. Michael TI Observations of Decreased Fracture Toughness for Mixed Mode Fracture Testing of Adhesively Bonded Joints SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mixed mode fracture; adhesive bonds; crack path selection; fracture envelopes ID CRACK PATH SELECTION; ENERGY-RELEASE RATES; LAP-SHEAR SPECIMEN; INTERFACIAL FRACTURE; GLASS/EPOXY INTERFACE; BRITTLE-FRACTURE; T-STRESS; DELAMINATION; MECHANISMS; PROPAGATION AB In contrast to fracture in monolithic materials, where cracks naturally grow in a mode I manner, fracture in laminated or adhesively bonded joints often involves cracks growing under mixed mode conditions. In many cases, the mixed mode fracture energy increases as the fracture mode changes from mode I to mode II, but exceptions have been noted for several practical engineering adhesives. In some cases, G(IIc) may be less than G(Ic), while in other situations, failure may occur at total energy release rate (G(T) = G(I) + G(II)) values that are smaller than either of the pure mode fracture energies. Several examples of this behavior are reported along with possible explanations for the behavior, which often involves the propagation of the growing debond into regions where less energy is dissipated by the fracture process. These examples showing that mixed mode fracture energies of adhesive joints may be lower than pure mode fracture energies remind us of the importance of developing fracture envelopes over a wide range of mode mixities for engineering design. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009 C1 [Dillard, David A.; Singh, Hitendra K.; Pohlit, David J.] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Starbuck, J. Michael] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Polymer Matrix Composites Grp, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dillard, DA (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dillard@vt.edu RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012; Starbuck, James/E-1442-2017 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318; Starbuck, James/0000-0002-3814-9156 FU National Science Foundation [DMR NSF 0415840]; Department of Energy [DE-FC05-95OR22363] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (DMR NSF 0415840) in the development of a dual actuator load frame capable of facilitating mixed mode fracture studies. The support of the Automotive Composites Consortium Energy Management Group is also acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge that a portion of this research is supported, in part, by the Department of Energy cooperative agreement number DE-FC05-95OR22363. Such support does not constitute an endorsement by the Department of Energy of the views expressed herein. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4243 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 23 IS 10-11 BP 1515 EP 1530 DI 10.1163/156856109X452701 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 514SE UT WOS:000271415100013 ER PT J AU Zhu, CM Leung, LR Gochis, D Qian, Y Lettenmaier, DP AF Zhu, Chunmei Leung, L. Ruby Gochis, David Qian, Yun Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Evaluating the Influence of Antecedent Soil Moisture on Variability of the North American Monsoon Precipitation in the Coupled MM5/VIC Modeling System SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The influence of antecedent soil moisture on North American monsoon system (NAMS) precipitation variability was explored using the MM5 mesoscale model coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model. Sensitivity experiments were performed with extreme wet and dry initial soil moisture conditions for both the 1984 wet monsoon year and the 1989 dry year. The MM5-VIC model reproduced the key features of NAMS in 1984 and 1989 especially over northwestern Mexico. Our modeling results indicate that the land surface has memory of the initial soil wetness prescribed at the onset of the monsoon that persists over most of the region well into the monsoon season ( e. g. until August). However, in contrast to the classical thermal contrast concept, where wetter soils lead to cooler surface temperatures, less land-sea thermal contrast, weaker monsoon circulations and less precipitation, the coupled model consistently demonstrated a positive soil moisture - precipitation feedback. Specifically, anomalously wet pre-monsoon soil moisture always lead to enhanced monsoon precipitation, and the reverse was also true. Both the large-scale circulation change and local land-atmospheric interactions in response to pre-monsoon soil moisture anomalies play important roles in the coupled model's positive soil moisture - monsoon precipitation feedback. However, the former may be sensitive to the strength and location of the thermal anomalies, thus leaving open the possibility of both positive and negative soil moisture - precipitation feedbacks. Furthermore, our use of a regional model with prescribed large-scale circulation at the model boundaries leaves open the possibility that the model behavior may, to some extent, reflect its limited ability to adjust its large-scale circulation to the regional thermal changes. C1 [Zhu, Chunmei; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Leung, L. Ruby; Qian, Yun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gochis, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Zhu, CM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM chunmei@hydro.washington.edu RI qian, yun/E-1845-2011; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA030AR4310062]; University of Washington FX This publication was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Cooperative Agreement No. NA030AR4310062 with the University of Washington. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PY 2009 VL 1 AR 13 DI 10.3894/JAMES.2009.1.13 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V22UF UT WOS:000208299400013 ER PT J AU Schilling, GD Shelley, JT Broekaert, JAC Sperline, RP Denton, MB Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM AF Schilling, Gregory D. Shelley, Jacob T. Broekaert, Jose A. C. Sperline, Roger P. Denton, M. Bonner Barinaga, Charles J. Koppenaal, David W. Hieftje, Gary M. TI Use of an ambient ionization flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow source for elemental analysis through hydride generation SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION-ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; GEOMETRY MASS SPECTROGRAPH; GLOW-DISCHARGE; REAL-TIME; SPECTROMETRY; HYDROGEN; WATER; AIR AB An ambient mass spectrometry ionization source based on an atmospheric-pressure flowing afterglow has been coupled to a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph capable of simultaneous acquisition of a range of mass-to-charge values by means of a Faraday-strip array detector. The flowing afterglow was used as the ionization pathway for species produced by hydride generation. This ionization strategy circumvents problems, such as discharge instabilities or memory effects, induced by introducing the gaseous sample into the discharge. The generated spectra show both atomic and molecular peaks; calibration curves were calculated for both peak types with limits of detection for arsenic below 10 ppb. This study demonstrates the ability to use an ambient mass spectrometry source, commonly used for molecular analyses, for the detection of gas phase elemental species with the possibilty of performing speciation by coupling with a separation technique. C1 [Schilling, Gregory D.; Shelley, Jacob T.; Hieftje, Gary M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Broekaert, Jose A. C.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Anorgan & Angew Chem, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. [Sperline, Roger P.; Denton, M. Bonner] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barinaga, Charles J.; Koppenaal, David W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hieftje, GM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM hieftje@indiana.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO-1830]; Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering FX Support for this work was provided by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Engineering. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830. Jose A. C. Broekaert would like to thank the DFG for travel funds. The authors would also like to thank LECO Corporation for the loan of the Unique( R) TOFMS instrument. NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1039/b811250a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 405ZW UT WOS:000263264100003 ER PT J AU Quetel, CR Ponzevera, E Rodushkin, I Gerdes, A Williams, R Woodhead, J AF Quetel, Christophe R. Ponzevera, Emmanuel Rodushkin, Ilia Gerdes, Axel Williams, Ross Woodhead, Jon TI Measuring 0.01 parts per thousand to 0.1 parts per thousand isotopic variations by MC-ICPMS-testing limits for the first time with Pb delta-iCRMs SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID MASS BIAS CORRECTION; RATIO MEASUREMENTS; MS; ZN; SPECTROMETRY; ACCURATE; ZINC; DISCRIMINATION; FRACTIONATION; SYSTEM AB A blind comparison on Pb-isotope delta-scale measurements by MC-ICPMS of 0.01 parts per thousand to 0.1 parts per thousand level was organised, involving five laboratories. Test samples were obtained from the series of candidate ERM-3810 delta-isotopic Certified Reference Materials (delta-iCRMs), and comprise four pairs of a material with similar to natural Pb-isotopic composition ('delta zero' or 'delta-0') and the same natural Pb progressively enriched in (207)Pb (with delta(207)Pb values certified to similar to 0.1% relative uncertainty, k = 2). Participants were free to apply the measurement strategy of their choice. A result was considered 'acceptable' only when, simultaneously, there was agreement within stated uncertainties with the corresponding reference value and the relative uncertainty stated by the participant was < 100%. This study illustrates the high degree of difficulty inherent to these delta-scale measurements by 'routine' MC-ICPMS methodologies (in this case, three participants reported 55% of their results which were deemed accurate, and the other two reported none). The closer to unity the isotope ratio value the better the results became ('acceptable' results mostly for delta 7/6 parts per thousand and delta 7/8 parts per thousand measurements). This first experiment of its kind demonstrates that Pb delta-scale isotopic measurements by MC-ICPMS can be reliably carried out down to 0.05 parts per thousand levels (two participants delivered accurate results above this threshold systematically for delta/6 parts per thousand, delta 7/8 parts per thousand and delta 7/4 parts per thousand). Below this limit, at similar to 0.01 parts per thousand and similar to 0.03 parts per thousand levels, results are no longer consistent or reproducible and appear to be susceptible to a number of effects introducing error (such as short term changes in mass discrimination) which are either not well understood, or not controlled and/or not corrected for at a sufficiently low level of uncertainty. These results also suggest that 'routine' methods for absolute (calibrated) Pb-isotope ratio determination by MC-ICPMS produce relative combined uncertainties on results which are unlikely to be better than 0.05 parts per thousand (k = 2). C1 [Quetel, Christophe R.; Ponzevera, Emmanuel] EC JRC IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Ponzevera, Emmanuel] IFREMER, ZI Pointe Diable, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Rodushkin, Ilia] ALS Scandinavia, S-97775 Lulea, Sweden. [Gerdes, Axel] Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Williams, Ross] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Woodhead, Jon] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Quetel, CR (reprint author), EC JRC IRMM, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM Christophe.Quetel@ec.europa.eu RI Gerdes, Axel/B-6096-2008; Woodhead, Jon/C-2227-2012; OI Woodhead, Jon/0000-0002-7614-0136 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 407 EP 412 DI 10.1039/b821403b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 423VM UT WOS:000264523800006 ER PT J AU Colvin, JD Jankowski, AF Kumar, M MoberlyChan, WJ Reed, BW Paisley, DL Tierney, TE AF Colvin, Jeffrey D. Jankowski, Alan F. Kumar, Mukul MoberlyChan, Warren J. Reed, Bryan W. Paisley, Dennis L. Tierney, Thomas E. TI Role of spall in microstructure evolution during laser-shock-driven rapid undercooling and resolidification SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We previously reported [Colvin et al., J. Appl. Phys. 101, 084906 (2007)] on the microstructure morphology of pure Bi metal subjected to rapid laser-shock-driven melting and subsequent resolidification upon release of pressure, where the estimated effective undercooling rates were of the order of 10(9)-10(10) K/s. More recently, we repeated these experiments, but with a Bi/Zn alloy (Zn atomic fraction of 2%-4%) instead of elemental Bi and with a change in target design to suppress spall in the Bi/Zn samples. We observed a similar microstructure morphology in the two sets of experiments, with initially columnar grains recrystallizing to larger equiaxed grains. The Bi samples, however, exhibited micron-scale dendrites on the spall surfaces, whereas there were no dendritic structures anywhere in the nonspalled Bi/Zn, even down to the nanometer scale as observed by transmission electron microscopy. We present the simulations and the interferometry data that show that the samples in the two sets of experiments followed nearly identical hydrodynamic and thermodynamic paths apart from the presence of (probably partially liquid) spall in pure Bi. Simulations also show that the spall occurs right at the moving phase front and, hence, the spall itself cuts off the principal direction for latent heat dissipation across the phase boundary. We suggest that it is the liquid spall itself that creates the conditions for dendrite formation. c 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3054179] C1 [Colvin, Jeffrey D.; Jankowski, Alan F.; Kumar, Mukul; MoberlyChan, Warren J.; Reed, Bryan W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Paisley, Dennis L.; Tierney, Thomas E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Colvin, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM colvin5@llnl.gov RI Reed, Bryan/C-6442-2013 FU U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LDRD [03-ERD-018, 08-ERD-057] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, with support received from LDRD Project No. 03-ERD-018. One of us (J.C.) also received support from LDRD Project No. 08-ERD-057. Once again, the authors would like to thank Robert Gibson and his entire staff at the Trident Laser Facility for the very competent assistance they provided to them in setting up and carrying out these experiments and for running the laser. They would also like to acknowledge several useful discussions on dendrite formation with John Elmer at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 014902 DI 10.1063/1.3054179 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100165 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, D Lozano, JG Herrera, M Browning, ND Ruffenach, S Briot, O Garcia, R AF Gonzalez, D. Lozano, J. G. Herrera, M. Browning, N. D. Ruffenach, S. Briot, O. Garcia, R. TI Structural changes during the natural aging process of InN quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL-BAND GAP; INDIUM NITRIDE; THERMAL-STABILITY; FILMS; ABSORPTION; GROWTH; CRYSTALLINE; OXIDATION AB The natural aging process of InN nanostructures by the formation of indium oxides is examined by transmission electron microscopy related techniques. Uncapped and GaN-capped InN quantum dots (QDs) on GaN/sapphire substrates were grown under the same conditions and kept at room temperature/pressure conditions. The GaN capping layer is found to preserve the InN QDs in the wurtzite phase, avoiding the formation of group-III oxides, while in the uncapped sample, a thin layer of cubic phases are formed that envelops the nucleus of wurtzite InN. These cubic phases are shown to be mainly bcc-In(2)O(3) for long aged samples where the nitrogen atoms in the InN surface layers have been substituted by atmospheric oxygen. This process implies the gradual transformation of the In sublattice from hcp to a quasi-fcc structure. Metastable zinc-blende InN phases rich in oxygen atoms are proposed to act as intermediate phases and they are evinced in samples less aged. The large concurrence of interplanar spaces, the twin formation, and the existence of a free surface that facilitates the transformation support this mechanism and would explain the high instability of the InN nanostructures at ambient conditions. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3010309] C1 [Gonzalez, D.; Lozano, J. G.; Garcia, R.] Univ Cadiz, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM, E-11510 Cadiz, Spain. [Gonzalez, D.; Lozano, J. G.; Garcia, R.] Univ Cadiz, QI, E-11510 Cadiz, Spain. [Herrera, M.; Browning, N. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Browning, N. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ruffenach, S.; Briot, O.] Univ Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5650, Etud Semicond Grp, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RP Gonzalez, D (reprint author), Univ Cadiz, Dept Ciencia Mat & IM, Apdo 40, E-11510 Cadiz, Spain. EM david.gonzalez@uca.es RI Gonzalez, David/F-4253-2012; OI Gonzalez, David/0000-0001-6879-444X; Herrera Collado, Miriam/0000-0002-2325-5941; Garcia Roja, Rafael/0000-0003-2867-7016; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X FU CICYT [MAT2007-60643]; Junta de Andaluc [TEP383]; SANDIE European Network of Excellence [NMP4-CT-2004-500101] FX Financial support from CICYT project MAT2007-60643, Junta de Andaluc a project TEP383 (Spain) and SANDIE European Network of Excellence (NMP4-CT-2004-500101-Sixth Framework Program) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013527 DI 10.1063/1.3010309 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100060 ER PT J AU Jiang, W Weber, WJ Lian, J Kalkhoran, NM AF Jiang, W. Weber, W. J. Lian, J. Kalkhoran, N. M. TI Disorder accumulation and recovery in gold-ion irradiated 3C-SiC SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; DEFECT PRODUCTION; IMPLANTATION; TEMPERATURE; CERAMICS; CARBON; DAMAGE AB A single-crystal 3C-SiC film on a Si/SiO(2)/Si (separation by implantation of oxygen (substrate was irradiated in different areas at 156 K with Au(2+) ions to low fluences. The disorder profiles as a function of dose on both the Si and C sublattices have been determined in situ using a combination of 0.94 MeV D(+) Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis in channeling geometry along the < 100 >, < 110 >, and < 111 > axes. The results indicate that for the same damage state, the level of disorder on the Si sublattice in 3C-SiC follows a decreasing order along the < 111 >, < 100 >, and < 110 > axes, while that on the C sublattice shows comparable values. Similar levels of Si and C disorder are observed along the < 111 > axis over the applied dose range. However, the level of C disorder is higher than that of Si disorder along all axes at low doses. The amount of disorder recovery during thermal annealing depends on the sublattice (Si or C) and crystallographic orientation. Room-temperature recovery occurs for both sublattices in 3C-SiC irradiated to a dose of 0.047 dpa or lower. Significant recovery is observed along all directions during thermal annealing at 600 K. The results are discussed and compared to those for 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC under similar irradiation conditions. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3055797] C1 [Jiang, W.; Weber, W. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lian, J.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Kalkhoran, N. M.] Spire Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RP Jiang, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM weilin.jiang@pnl.gov RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Weber, William/A-4177-2008; OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. Support for the accelerator facilities within the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) was provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013529 DI 10.1063/1.3055797 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100062 ER PT J AU Nunez-Sanchez, S Serna, R Lopez, JG Petford-Long, AK Tanase, M Kabius, B AF Nunez-Sanchez, S. Serna, R. Lopez, J. Garcia Petford-Long, A. K. Tanase, M. Kabius, B. TI Tuning the Er3+ sensitization by Si nanoparticles in nanostructured as-grown Al2O3 films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; QUANTUM DOTS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; SILICON; EMISSION; ORIGIN AB Nanostructured films consisting of single Si nanoparticles (NPs) and Er3+ ions layers separated by nanometer-scale Al2O3 layers of controlled thickness have been prepared in order to tune the energy transfer between Si NPs and Er3+ ions. The amorphous Si NPs with an effective diameter of similar to 4.5 nm are formed during growth and are able to sensitize the Er3+ ions efficiently with no postannealing treatments. The characteristic distance for energy transfer from Si NPs to Er3+ ions in Al2O3 is found to be in the 1 nm range. It is shown that in the nanostructured films, it is possible to achieve an optimized configuration in which almost all the Er3+ ions have the potential to be excited by the Si NPs. This result stresses the importance of controlling the dopant distribution at the nanoscale to achieve improved device performance. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3065520] C1 [Nunez-Sanchez, S.; Serna, R.] CSIC, Inst Opt, Laser Proc Grp, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Lopez, J. Garcia] Ctr Nacl Aceleradores, Seville 41092, Spain. [Petford-Long, A. K.; Tanase, M.; Kabius, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nunez-Sanchez, S (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Opt, Laser Proc Grp, Serrano 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM nusa66@io.cfmac.csic.es RI Serna, Rosalia/C-6013-2011; Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014; Nunez-Sanchez, Sara/A-3796-2016 OI Serna, Rosalia/0000-0002-7101-3947; Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090; Nunez-Sanchez, Sara/0000-0002-5435-6892 FU CICYT (Spain) [TEC200604538- MIC]; EU [IST-NMP STREP-017501]; FPU; Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We are grateful to M. Jimenez de Castro (CSIC, Spain) for helpful discussions and to J. Hiller (ANL, U. S. A.) for assistance in cross-section preparation. This work has been supported by CICYT (Spain) under Project No. TEC200604538- MIC and by the EU under IST-NMP STREP-017501 contract. S. N.- S. acknowledges the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Spain) for support from a FPU contract. TEM was performed in the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory, supported under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 between UChicago Argonne, LLC, and the DOE. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013118 DI 10.1063/1.3065520 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100018 ER PT J AU Oo, WMH Saraf, LV Engelhard, MH Shutthanandan, V Bergman, L Huso, J McCluskey, MD AF Oo, W. M. Hlaing Saraf, L. V. Engelhard, M. H. Shutthanandan, V. Bergman, L. Huso, J. McCluskey, M. D. TI Suppression of conductivity in Mn-doped ZnO thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS AB We studied the dopant concentration distribution and conductivity in ZnO: Mn films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The ion beam, surface, and microstructural properties of undoped ZnO films were compared with Mn-doped ZnO films. Suppression of ZnO conductivity was observed for Mn doping up to similar to 4.5 at. %. The presence of Mn(2+), confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is correlated with the reduction in conductivity. Variable-temperature Hall effect measurements yield an activation energy of 170 meV, consistent with deep donors in the bulk or at the interface. The results suggest that the incorporation of substitutional Mn suppresses the formation of native defects such as oxygen vacancies. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Oo, W. M. Hlaing; McCluskey, M. D.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Saraf, L. V.; Engelhard, M. H.; Shutthanandan, V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bergman, L.; Huso, J.] Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Oo, WMH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM mattmcc@wsu.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU BER [AC06-76RLO1830]; NSF [DMR-0704163]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46386] FX Conductivity measurements were performed at Washington State University (WSU) and PL measurements were performed at the University of Idaho. The rest of the work was conducted in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U. S. Department of Energy. EMSL is a national scientific user facility for Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). The EMSL portion of the support for this work was provided by BER under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO1830. W.M.H.O. also would like to acknowledge PNNL summer research institute (SRI) for providing research opportunity at PNNL. The support for WSU portion was provided by NSF Grant No. DMR-0704163 and DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46386. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013715 DI 10.1063/1.3063730 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100092 ER PT J AU Parker, J Mar, D Von der Porten, S Hankinson, J Byram, K Lee, C Mayeda, MK Haskell, R Yang, QM Greenfield, S Epstein, R AF Parker, John Mar, David Von der Porten, Steven Hankinson, John Byram, Kevin Lee, Chris Mayeda, Michael K. Haskell, Richard Yang, Qimin Greenfield, Scott Epstein, Richard TI Thermal links for the implementation of an optical refrigerator SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THULIUM-DOPED GLASS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LASER; CRYSTAL; BAY2F8 AB Optical refrigeration has been demonstrated by several groups of researchers, but the cooling elements have not been thermally linked to realistic heat loads in ways that achieve the desired temperatures. The ideal thermal link will have minimal surface area, provide complete optical isolation for the load, and possess high thermal conductivity. We have designed thermal links that minimize the absorption of fluoresced photons by the heat load using multiple mirrors and geometric shapes including a hemisphere, a kinked waveguide, and a tapered waveguide. While total link performance is dependent on additional factors, we have observed net transmission of photons with the tapered link as low as 0.04%. Our optical tests have been performed with a surrogate source that operates at 625 nm and mimics the angular distribution of light emitted from the cooling element of the Los Alamos solid state optical refrigerator. We have confirmed the optical performance of our various link geometries with computer simulations using CODE V optical modeling software. In addition we have used the thermal modeling tool in COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS to investigate other heating factors that affect the thermal performance of the optical refrigerator. Assuming an ideal cooling element and a nonabsorptive dielectric trapping mirror, the three dominant heating factors are (1) absorption of fluoresced photons transmitted through the thermal link, (2) blackbody radiation from the surrounding environment, and (3) conductive heat transfer through mechanical supports. Modeling results show that a 1 cm(3) load can be chilled to 107 K with a 100W pump laser. We have used the simulated steady-state cooling temperatures of the heat load to compare link designs and system configurations. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3062522] C1 [Parker, John; Mar, David; Von der Porten, Steven; Hankinson, John; Byram, Kevin; Lee, Chris; Mayeda, Michael K.; Haskell, Richard; Yang, Qimin] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Engn, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Parker, John; Mar, David; Von der Porten, Steven; Hankinson, John; Byram, Kevin; Lee, Chris; Mayeda, Michael K.; Haskell, Richard; Yang, Qimin] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Greenfield, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Epstein, Richard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Parker, J (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Engn, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM jjsparker@gmail.com OI Epstein, Richard/0000-0002-3929-4363 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was performed under a Harvey Mudd College joint Physics-Engineering Clinic project funded by Los Alamos National Laboratory. The authors would like to thank Markus Hehlen and the Los Alamos Solid State Optical Refrigerator team for their helpful insights during this project. The authors are also indebted to Cascade Optical Corporation for their assistance with the dielectric mirror coatings. NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013116 DI 10.1063/1.3062522 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100016 ER PT J AU Qu, W Tan, X Vittayakorn, N Wirunchit, S Besser, MF AF Qu, W. Tan, X. Vittayakorn, N. Wirunchit, S. Besser, M. F. TI High temperature phases in the 0.98PbZrO(3)-0.02Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O-3 ceramic SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; LEAD-ZIRCONATE; PBZRO3 AB The phase evolution with temperature in the 0.98PbZrO(3)-0.02Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O-3 ceramic was investigated with dielectric permittivity and polarization measurements, hot stage transmission electron microscopy, and high temperature x-ray diffraction. Below 190 degrees C, the ceramic is in the antiferroelectric phase with characteristic 1/4{110}(c) superlattice diffractions. In this stage, typical antiferroelectric 180 degrees domains were observed. Between 190 and 220 degrees C, an intermediate phase, which is characterized by 1/2{110}(c)-type superlattice diffractions, was detected. Evidences are found to suggest that this intermediate phase is ferroelectric. The 1/2{110}(c)-type superlattice diffraction persists even into the paraelectric phase above 220 degrees C. In addition, there exists an incommensurate phase between the low temperature antiferroelectric phase and the intermediate ferroelectric phase. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3065087] C1 [Qu, W.; Tan, X.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Vittayakorn, N.; Wirunchit, S.] King Mongkuts Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Bangkok 10502, Thailand. [Besser, M. F.] US DOE, Mat & Engn Phys Program, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Qu, W (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM xtan@iastate.edu RI Tan, Xiaoli/C-3376-2013; Qu, Weiguo/D-9875-2013; OI Tan, Xiaoli/0000-0002-4182-663X; Qu, Weiguo/0000-0001-7925-7340; Vittayakorn, Naratip/0000-0001-9245-0639 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0346819]; U. S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2006235]; United States Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the CAREER Grant No. DMR-0346819 and the U. S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation through Grant No. 2006235. The in situ TEM and high temperature XRD experiments were carried out at the Materials & Engineering Physics Program, Ames Laboratory, which is supported by the United States Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 014106 DI 10.1063/1.3065087 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100128 ER PT J AU Turneaure, SJ Gupta, YM Rigg, P AF Turneaure, Stefan J. Gupta, Y. M. Rigg, Paulo TI Shock induced phase change in KCl single crystals: Orientation relations between the B1 and B2 lattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; CSCL-TYPE; TRANSITION; COMPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; PRESSURE; HALIDES; STATE; RBI AB The relative orientations between the lattices of the low pressure (B1) and high pressure (B2) phases of shock compressed KCl single crystals were examined using plate impact loading along the [111] and the [110] directions. The B2-phase lattice planes, perpendicular to the loading direction, were determined from transient x-ray diffraction measurements. Two closely spaced diffraction peaks were observed for the [111] loading direction. The lower Bragg angle peak is consistent with a 200 peak of a cubic B2-phase unit cell giving the orientation relation [111](B1) is parallel to [100](B2). The higher Bragg angle peak is not consistent with any peak from either a cubic B1 or a cubic B2 unit cell; the origin of this peak is unknown. Other experiments found no orientation relations; for the [111] loading direction, [111](B1) is not parallel to [211](B2) and for the [110] loading direction, [110](B1) is not parallel to [100](B2). The orientation relation determined for the [111] loading in this work is incompatible with a previously determined orientation relation obtained for the [100] loading [T. d'Almeida and Y. M. Gupta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 330 (2000)]. This finding suggests that the transformation pathway between the B1 and B2 lattices in KCl crystals depends on the shock compression direction for the B1 phase. The results are discussed in terms of the compatibility between the macroscopic uniaxial strain imposed by shock wave loading and the microscopic rearrangement of atoms leading to the observed orientation relations. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3065522] C1 [Turneaure, Stefan J.; Gupta, Y. M.] Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Turneaure, Stefan J.; Gupta, Y. M.] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Rigg, Paulo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turneaure, SJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Inst Shock Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM stefant@wsu.edu FU DOE [DE-FG03-97SF21388] FX The authors wish to express their thanks to Nate Argan-bright for performing some of the early experiments. Kent Perkins, Kurt Zimmerman, and Gary Chantler are thanked for their assistance with the experimental effort. This work at Washington State University was supported by the DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-97SF21388. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 013544 DI 10.1063/1.3065522 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100077 ER PT J AU Wang, H Wereszczak, AA Lin, HT AF Wang, Hong Wereszczak, Andrew A. Lin, Hua-Tay TI Fatigue response of a PZT multilayer actuator under high-field electric cycling with mechanical preload SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS; PLZT CERAMICS; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; MICROCRACKING; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE AB An electric fatigue test system was developed for evaluating the reliability of piezoelectric actuators with a mechanical loading capability. Fatigue responses of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) multilayer actuator with a platethrough electrode configuration were studied under an electric field (1.7 times that of the coercive field of PZT material) and a concurrent mechanical preload (30.0 MPa). A total of 10(9) cycles was carried out. Variations in charge density and mechanical strain under the high electric field and constant mechanical loads were observed during the fatigue test. The dc and the first harmonic (at 10 Hz) dielectric and piezoelectric coefficients were subsequently characterized using fast Fourier transformation. Both the dielectric and the piezoelectric coefficients exhibited a monotonic decrease prior to 2.86 x 10(8) cycles under certain preloading conditions, and then fluctuated. Both the dielectric loss tangent and the piezoelectric loss tangent also fluctuated after a decrease. The results are interpreted and discussed with respect to domain wall activities, microdefects, and other anomalies. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3065097] C1 [Wang, Hong; Wereszczak, Andrew A.; Lin, Hua-Tay] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Ceram Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangh@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016; Wang, Hong/O-1987-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X; Wang, Hong/0000-0002-0173-0545 FU U. S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the U. S. DOE, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as a part of the Heavy Vehicle Propulsion System Materials Program, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. This work was supported in part by an appointment to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Postdoctoral Research Associates Program, sponsored by the U. S. DOE and administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. The authors thank B. Ozpineci and M. Chinthavali for reviewing the manuscript. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 014112 DI 10.1063/1.3065097 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100134 ER PT J AU Zhou, YG Zu, XT Gao, F Nie, JL Xiao, HY AF Zhou, Y. G. Zu, X. T. Gao, F. Nie, J. L. Xiao, H. Y. TI Adsorption of hydrogen on boron-doped graphene: A first-principles prediction SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; SUBSTITUTION-REACTION; GRAPHITE; EXCHANGE; PLANE; SURFACES AB The doping effects of boron on the atomic adsorption of hydrogen on graphene have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. The hydrogen adsorption energies and electronic structures have been considered for pristine and B-doped graphene with the adsorption of hydrogen on top of carbon or boron atom. It is found that the B-doping forms an electron-deficient structure and decreases the hydrogen adsorption energy dramatically. For the adsorption of hydrogen on top of other sites, similar results have also been found. These results indicate that the hydrogen storage capacity is improved by the doping of B atom. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3056380] C1 [Zhou, Y. G.; Zu, X. T.; Nie, J. L.; Xiao, H. Y.] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. [Zu, X. T.] Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zhou, YG (reprint author), Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. EM zhouyungang1@126.com RI Xiao, Haiyan/A-1450-2012; Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 FU NSAF Joint Foundation of China [10376006]; Sichuan Young Scientists Foundation [03ZQ026059]; SRF; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0576RL01830] FX This study was supported financially by the NSAF Joint Foundation of China (Grant No. 10376006 ) and by the Sichuan Young Scientists Foundation (Grant No. 03ZQ026059) and by the Project-sponsored by SRF for ROCS, SEM. F. Gao was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0576RL01830. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 51 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 105 IS 1 AR 014309 DI 10.1063/1.3056380 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 395OT UT WOS:000262534100143 ER PT J AU Wielopolski, L Ramirez, LM Spungen, AM Swaby, S Asselin, P Bauman, WA AF Wielopolski, L. Ramirez, L. M. Spungen, A. M. Swaby, S. Asselin, P. Bauman, W. A. TI Measuring partial body potassium in the legs of patients with spinal cord injury: a new approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE in vivo; skeletal muscle; body composition; paraplegia ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MEN; PARAPLEGIA; SPECTRA; COUNTER; MASS AB Wielopolski L, Ramirez LM, Spungen AM, Swaby S, Asselin P, Bauman WA. Measuring partial body potassium in the legs of patients with spinal cord injury: a new approach. J Appl Physiol 106: 268-273, 2009. First published November 20, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90435.2008.-Patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) with paralysis experience rapid and marked muscle atrophy below the level of the lesion. Muscle is lost above the lesion due to enforced bed rest associated with immobilization. Presently, there is no viable method to quantify muscle loss between the time of injury to the initiation of rehabilitation and remobilization. Furthermore, to assess the efficacy of any physical or pharmacological intervention necessitates the ability to accurately determine the impact of these treatments on muscle mass and function. Our results are presented from measurements of regional potassium (K) in the legs of persons with chronic SCI. The intracellular body K, comprising similar to 97% of the total body K, is indicative of the metabolically active cell mass, of which over 50% is located in the skeletal muscle (SM). To assess regional variations in SM mass in the legs, a partial body K (PBK) system designed for this purpose was placed on a potentially mobile cart. The SM mass measured by PBK in an able-bodied control cohort (n = 17) and in patients with chronic SCI (n = 21) was 17.6 +/- 0.86 and 11.0 +/- 0.65 kg, respectively, a difference of similar to 37.5%. However, the difference in the lean tissue mass of the legs obtained by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) in the same cohorts was 20.5 +/- 0.86 and 15.5 +/- 0.88 kg, respectively, or a difference of similar to 24.4%. PBK offers a novel approach to obtain regional K measurements in the legs, thus allowing the potential for early and serial assessment of muscle loss in SCI subjects during the acute and subacute periods following paralysis. The basic characteristics and performance of our PBK system and our calibration procedure are described in this preliminary report. C1 [Wielopolski, L.; Ramirez, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Spungen, A. M.; Swaby, S.; Asselin, P.; Bauman, W. A.] Merit Review Program, Dept Vet Affairs Rehabil Res & Dev Serv, Bronx, NY USA. [Spungen, A. M.; Swaby, S.; Asselin, P.; Bauman, W. A.] Ctr Excellence Med Consequences Spinal Cord Injur, Bronx, NY USA. [Spungen, A. M.; Swaby, S.; Asselin, P.; Bauman, W. A.] Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med & Res Serv, Bronx, NY USA. [Spungen, A. M.; Bauman, W. A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY USA. [Spungen, A. M.; Bauman, W. A.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, New York, NY USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lwielo@bnl.gov FU Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service; Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury [B4162C]; U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC0298CH10886] FX Partial support for this work was provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research and Development Service, Center of Excellence for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury (no. B4162C). Partial support by the U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DEAC0298CH10886, is also recognized. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 106 IS 1 BP 268 EP 273 DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.90435.2008 PG 6 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA 392QV UT WOS:000262318200032 PM 19023024 ER PT J AU White, JM Bowers, JF Hanna, SR Lundquist, JK AF White, J. M. Bowers, J. F. Hanna, S. R. Lundquist, J. K. TI Importance of Using Observations of Mixing Depths in order to Avoid Large Prediction Errors by a Transport and Dispersion Model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OKLAHOMA-CITY; WIND; PROFILER AB The mixing depth of the boundary layer is an input to most atmospheric transport and dispersion (ATD) models, which obtain mixing depths in one of four ways: 1) observations by radiosondes, sodars, or other devices; 2) simulations by regional or mesoscale meteorological models; 3) parameterizations based on boundary layer similarity theory; or 4) climatological averages. This paper describes a situation during a field experiment when exceptionally low mixing depths persisted in the morning and led to relatively high observed tracer concentrations. The low mixing depths were caused by synoptic effects associated with a nearby stationary front and the outflow from a mesoscale thunderstorm complex located 20-50 km away. For the same time period, the ATD model-parameterized mixing depth was a factor of 5-10 higher, leading to predicted concentrations that were less than the observations by a factor of 5-10. The synoptic situation is described and local radiosonde and radar observations of mixing depth are presented, including comparisons with other more typical days. Time series of local observations of near-surface sensible heat fluxes are also plotted to demonstrate the suppression of turbulence by negative sensible heat fluxes during the period in question. C1 [White, J. M.; Bowers, J. F.] Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, UT USA. [Hanna, S. R.] Hanna Consultants Inc, Kennebunkport, ME USA. [Lundquist, J. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP White, JM (reprint author), TEDT-DPW-ME MS 6,4531 B St, Dugway, UT 84022 USA. EM john.white5@us.army.mil FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DEAC5207NA27344] FX The research by J. White, J. Bowers, and S. Hanna was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, with Rick Fry as project manager. S. Hanna's research was cosponsored by the National Science Foundation and by the Department of Homeland Security. J. Lundquist's research was supported by the LLNL Laboratory- Directed Research and Development program, and was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DEAC5207NA27344. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1 BP 22 EP 32 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1134.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415AX UT WOS:000263907800002 ER PT J AU Zhulin, IB AF Zhulin, Igor B. TI It Is Computation Time for Bacteriology! SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENOMES C1 [Zhulin, Igor B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhulin, Igor B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37886 USA. RP Zhulin, IB (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, M409 Walters Life Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM ijouline@utk.edu RI Zhulin, Igor/A-2308-2012 OI Zhulin, Igor/0000-0002-6708-5323 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM072285] NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 191 IS 1 BP 20 EP 22 DI 10.1128/JB.01491-08 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 382TK UT WOS:000261628100001 PM 18978045 ER PT J AU Kazakov, AE Rodionov, DA Alm, E Arkin, AP Dubchak, I Gelfand, MS AF Kazakov, Alexey E. Rodionov, Dmitry A. Alm, Eric Arkin, Adam Paul Dubchak, Inna Gelfand, Mikhail S. TI Comparative Genomics of Regulation of Fatty Acid and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Utilization in Proteobacteria SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SHEWANELLA-GELIDIMARINA; BACTERIAL GENOMES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-EXPRESSION; FADR; METABOLISM; NETWORKS; FAMILY; LEUCINE/ISOVALERATE AB Bacteria can use branched-chain amino acids (ILV, i.e., isoleucine, leucine, valine) and fatty acids (FAs) as sole carbon and energy sources converting ILV into acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), propanoyl-CoA, and propionyl-CoA, respectively. In this work, we used the comparative genomic approach to identify candidate transcriptional factors and DNA motifs that control ILV and FA utilization pathways in proteobacteria. The metabolic regulons were characterized based on the identification and comparison of candidate transcription factor binding sites in groups of phylogenetically related genomes. The reconstructed ILV/FA regulatory network demonstrates considerable variability and involves six transcriptional factors from the MerR, TetR, and GntR families binding to 11 distinct DNA motifs. The ILV degradation genes in gamma- and betaproteobacteria are regulated mainly by a novel regulator from the MerR family (e. g., LiuR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa) (40 species); in addition, the TetR-type regulator LiuQ was identified in some betaproteobacteria (eight species). Besides the core set of ILV utilization genes, the LiuR regulon in some lineages is expanded to include genes from other metabolic pathways, such as the glyoxylate shunt and glutamate synthase in Shewanella species. The FA degradation genes are controlled by four regulators including FadR in gammaproteobacteria (34 species), PsrA in gamma- and betaproteobacteria (45 species), FadP in betaproteobacteria (14 species), and LiuR orthologs in alphaproteobacteria (22 species). The remarkable variability of the regulatory systems associated with the FA degradation pathway is discussed from functional and evolutionary points of view. C1 [Rodionov, Dmitry A.] Burnham Inst Med Res, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Kazakov, Alexey E.; Rodionov, Dmitry A.; Gelfand, Mikhail S.] RAS, Kharkevich Inst, Inst Informat Transmiss Problems, Moscow 117901, Russia. [Alm, Eric] MIT, Dept Biol Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Alm, Eric] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Alm, Eric; Arkin, Adam Paul; Dubchak, Inna] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arkin, Adam Paul; Dubchak, Inna] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arkin, Adam Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gelfand, Mikhail S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Bioengn & Bioinformat, Moscow, Russia. RP Rodionov, DA (reprint author), Burnham Inst Med Res, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM rodionov@burnham.org RI Gelfand, Mikhail/F-3425-2012; Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; OI Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Rodionov, Dmitry/0000-0002-0939-390X FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute [55005610]; Russian Academy of Science; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-04-01000-a]; Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy FX This study was supported by grants from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (55005610), the Russian Academy of Science (Program Molecular and Cellular Biology), and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (08-04-01000-a). This work was part of the Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://VIMSS.lbl.gov) supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics Program: GTL through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 191 IS 1 BP 52 EP 64 DI 10.1128/JB.01175-08 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 382TK UT WOS:000261628100005 PM 18820024 ER PT J AU Novichkov, PS Wolf, YI Dubchak, I Koonin, EV AF Novichkov, Pavel S. Wolf, Yuri I. Dubchak, Inna Koonin, Eugene V. TI Trends in Prokaryotic Evolution Revealed by Comparison of Closely Related Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE ORDER; REPLICATION; VARIABILITY; LIKELIHOOD; ALIGNMENT; PROTEINS; DATABASE AB In order to explore microevolutionary trends in bacteria and archaea, we constructed a data set of 41 alignable tight genome clusters (ATGCs). We show that the ratio of the medians of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) that is used as a measure of the purifying selection pressure on protein sequences is a stable characteristic of the ATGCs. In agreement with previous findings, parasitic bacteria, notwithstanding the sometimes dramatic genome shrinkage caused by gene loss, are typically subjected to relatively weak purifying selection, presumably owing to relatively small effective population sizes and frequent bottlenecks. However, no evidence of genome streamlining caused by strong selective pressure was found in any of the ATGCs. On the contrary, a significant positive correlation between the genome size, as well as gene size, and selective pressure was observed, although a variety of free-living prokaryotes with very close selective pressures span nearly the entire range of genome sizes. In addition, we examined the connections between the sequence evolution rate and other genomic features. Although gene order changes much faster than protein sequences during the evolution of prokaryotes, a strong positive correlation was observed between the "rear-rangement distance" and the amino acid distance, suggesting that at least some of the events leading to genome rearrangement are subjected to the same type of selective constraints as the evolution of amino acid sequences. C1 [Novichkov, Pavel S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Koonin, Eugene V.] Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. [Dubchak, Inna] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dubchak, Inna] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Koonin, EV (reprint author), Natl Lib Med, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. EM koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov FU Department of Health and Human Services; National Library of Medicine, NIH FX The research of P. S. N., Y. I. W., and E. V. K. was supported by the Department of Health and Human Services intramural program (National Library of Medicine, NIH). NR 37 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 191 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1128/JB.01237-08 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 382TK UT WOS:000261628100006 PM 18978059 ER PT J AU Elliott, KT Zhulin, IB Stuckey, JA DiRita, VJ AF Elliott, Kathryn T. Zhulin, Igor B. Stuckey, Jeanne A. DiRita, Victor J. TI Conserved Residues in the HAMP Domain Define a New Family of Proposed Bipartite Energy Taxis Receptors SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DINUCLEOTIDE-BINDING DETERMINANTS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI 81-176; TURN PROPENSITY SCALE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CELL INVASION; TRANSPOSON MUTAGENESIS; TRANSMEMBRANE HELICES; HISTIDINE KINASE AB HAMP domains, found in many bacterial signal transduction proteins, generally transmit an intramolecular signal between an extracellular sensory domain and an intracellular signaling domain. Studies of HAMP domains in proteins where both the input and output signals occur intracellularly are limited to those of the Aer energy taxis receptor of Escherichia coli, which has both a HAMP domain and a sensory PAS domain. Campylobacter jejuni has an energy taxis system consisting of the domains of Aer divided between two proteins, CetA (HAMP domain containing) and CetB (PAS domain containing). In this study, we found that the CetA HAMP domain differs significantly from that of Aer in the predicted secondary structure. Using similarity searches, we identified 55 pairs of HAMP/PAS proteins encoded by adjacent genes in a diverse group of microorganisms. We propose that these HAMP/PAS pairs form a new family of bipartite energy taxis receptors. Within these proteins, we identified nine residues in the HAMP domain and proximal signaling domain that are highly conserved, at least three of which are required for CetA function. Additionally, we demonstrated that CetA contributes to the invasion of human epithelial cells by C. jejuni, while CetB does not. This finding supports the hypothesis that members of HAMP/PAS pairs possess the capacity to act independently of each other in cellular traits other than energy taxis. C1 [Elliott, Kathryn T.; DiRita, Victor J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stuckey, Jeanne A.] Univ Michigan, Inst Life Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [DiRita, Victor J.] Univ Michigan, Unit Lab Anim Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Zhulin, Igor B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhulin, Igor B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP DiRita, VJ (reprint author), 5641 Med Sci Bldg 2,1150 W Med Ctr Dr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM vdirita@umich.edu RI Zhulin, Igor/A-2308-2012; OI Zhulin, Igor/0000-0002-6708-5323; Elliott, Kathryn/0000-0003-3951-9160 FU USDA Food Safety Program; National Institutes of Health [GM72285]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute Predoctoral Fellowship; Willison Predoctoral Fellowship FX This work was supported by grants from the USDA Food Safety Program (to V.J.D.) and by National Institutes of Health grant GM72285 (to I.B.Z.). K. T. E. was supported by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Predoctoral Fellowship and a Willison Predoctoral Fellowship. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 191 IS 1 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1128/JB.00578-08 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 382TK UT WOS:000261628100037 PM 18952801 ER PT J AU Gillner, DM Bienvenue, DL Nocek, BP Joachimiak, A Zachary, V Bennett, B Holz, RC AF Gillner, Danuta M. Bienvenue, David L. Nocek, Boguslaw P. Joachimiak, Andrzej Zachary, Vincentos Bennett, Brian Holz, Richard C. TI The dapE-encoded N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase from Haemophilus influenzae contains two active-site histidine residues SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biomedicine; Biosynthesis; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Enzyme kinetics; Homology model ID AEROMONAS-PROTEOLYTICA AMINOPEPTIDASE; METAL-BINDING PROPERTIES; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BETA-LACTAMASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; LYSINE; DIAMINOPIMELATE AB The catalytic and structural properties of the H67A and H349A dapE-encoded N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE) from Haemophilus influenzae were investigated. On the basis of sequence alignment with the carboxypeptidase from Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16, both H67 and H349 were predicted to be Zn(II) ligands. The H67A DapE enzyme exhibited a decreased catalytic efficiency (180-fold) compared with wild-type (WT) DapE towards N-succinyldiaminopimelic acid. No catalytic activity was observed for H349A under the experimental conditions used. The electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electronic absorption data indicate that the Co(II) ion bound to H349A-DapE is analogous to that of WT DapE after the addition of a single Co(II) ion. The addition of 1 equiv of Co(II) to H67A DapE provides spectra that are very different from those of the first Co(II) binding site of the WT enzyme, but that are similar to those of the second binding site. The EPR and electronic absorption data, in conjunction with the kinetic data, are consistent with the assignment of H67 and H349 as active-site metal ligands for the DapE from H. influenzae. Furthermore, the data suggest that H67 is a ligand in the first metal binding site, while H349 resides in the second metal binding site. A three-dimensional homology structure of the DapE from H. influenzae was generated using the X-ray crystal structure of the DapE from Neisseria meningitidis as a template and superimposed on the structure of the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica (AAP). This homology structure confirms the assignment of H67 and H349 as active-site ligands. The superimposition of the homology model of DapE with the dizinc(II) structure of AAP indicates that within 4.0 angstrom of the Zn(II) binding sites of AAP all of the amino acid residues of DapE are nearly identical. C1 [Gillner, Danuta M.; Bienvenue, David L.; Zachary, Vincentos; Holz, Richard C.] Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. [Gillner, Danuta M.] Silesian Tech Univ, Dept Chem, PL-44100 Gliwice, Poland. [Nocek, Boguslaw P.; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midw Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bennett, Brian] Med Coll Wisconsin, Biophys Res Inst, Natl Biomed EPR Ctr, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. RP Holz, RC (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 1068 W Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. EM rholz1@luc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR001980]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI056321, R03 AI056321]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB001980-28, P41 EB001980, P41 EB001980-29, P41 EB001980-30, P41 EB001980-31, P41 EB001980-32] NR 33 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s00775-008-0418-z PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 378RT UT WOS:000261342300001 PM 18712420 ER PT J AU Zhao, H Jones, CIL Baker, GA Xia, S Olubajo, O Person, VN AF Zhao, Hua Jones, Cedil L. Baker, Gary A. Xia, Shuqian Olubajo, Olarongbe Person, Vernecia N. TI Regenerating cellulose from ionic liquids for an accelerated enzymatic hydrolysis SO JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulose; Cellulase; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Ionic liquid; Pretreatment; Regeneration ID 1,3-DIMETHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; GLUCOSE SOLVATION; PRETREATMENT; DISSOLUTION; FUNCTIONALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; SUBSTRATE; ETHANOL AB The efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials into fuel ethanol has become a research priority in producing affordable and renewable energy. The pretreatment of lignocelluloses is known to be key to the fast enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Recently,certain ionic liquids (ILs) were found capable of dissolving more than 10 wt% cellulose. Preliminary investigations [Dadi A.P. Varanasi. S. Schall, C.A.. 2006. Enhancement of cellulose saccharification kinetics using all ionic liquid pretreatment step. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 95, 904-910: Liu. L., Chen, H., 2006. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose materials treated with ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl. Chin. Sci. Bull. 51. 2432-2436; Dadi. A.P., Schall, C.A., Varanasi, S., 2007. Mitigation of cellulose recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis by ionic liquid pretreatment. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 137-140. 407-421] suggest that celluloses regenerated from IL solutions are subject to faster saccharification than untreated Substrates. These encouraging results offer the possibility Of using ILs as alternative and non-volatile solvents for cellulose pretreatment. However, these Studies are limited to two chloride-based ILs: (a) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl), which is a corrosive, toxic and extremely hygroscopic solid (m.p, similar to 70 degrees C) and (b) 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium choloride ([AMIM]Cl), which is viscous and has a reactive side-chain. Therefore, more in-depth research involving other ILs is much needed to explore (his promising pretreatment route. For this reason, we Studied a number of chloride- and acetate-based ILs for Cellulose regeneralion, including several i s newly developed in Our laboratory. This will enable ILs to select inexpensive, efficient and environmentally benign solvents for processing cellulosic biomass. Our data confirm that all regenerated celluloses are less crystalline (58-75% lower) and more accessible to cellulase (>2 times) than untreated Substrates. As a result. regenerated Avicel (R) cellulose, filter paper and cotton were hydrolyzed 2-10 times faster than the respective untreated celluloses. A complete hydrolysis of Avicel (R) cellulose could be achieved in 6 h given the Trichoderma reesei cellulase/substrate ratio (w/w) of 3:20 at 50 degrees C. In addition, we observed that cellulase is more thermally stable (up to 60 degrees C) in the presence of regenerated cellulose. Furthermore, our systematic Studies Suggest that the presence of various ILs during the hydrolysis induced different degrees of cellulase inactivation. Therefore, a thorough removal of IL residues after cellulose regeneration is highly recommended, and a systematic investigation oil this subject is much needed.(c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Hua; Jones, Cedil L.; Olubajo, Olarongbe; Person, Vernecia N.] Savannah State Univ, Chem Program, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Baker, Gary A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Xia, Shuqian] Tianjin Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, H (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Chem Program, 3219 Coll St, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM zhaoh@savstate.edu RI Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Zhao, Hua/0000-0002-5761-2089 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [46776-GB1] FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (46776-GB1) for partial Support Of this research. NR 45 TC 272 Z9 285 U1 9 U2 145 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1656 EI 1873-4863 J9 J BIOTECHNOL JI J. Biotechnol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 139 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.08.009 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 399JG UT WOS:000262795600008 PM 18822323 ER PT J AU Beausoleil-Morrison, I Griffith, B Vesanen, T Weber, A AF Beausoleil-Morrison, Ian Griffith, Brent Vesanen, Teemu Weber, Andreas TI A demonstration of the effectiveness of inter-program comparative testing for diagnosing and repairing solution and coding errors in building simulation programs SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE inter-program comparative testing; validation; fuel-cell cogeneration; micro-cogeneration AB The validation of a building simulation program or model is a daunting task, and one that should receive as much attention as algorithm and code development. Previous research in this field has led to a well-accepted approach composed of analytical verification, empirical validation and inter-program comparative testing to diagnose model deficiencies, mathematical solution errors and coding errors. Through a case study using a model for predicting the thermal and electrical performance of fuel cell micro-cogeneration devices, this article demonstrates the utility of the inter-program comparative testing validation construct. It shows that by comparing program-to-program results, solution problems, coding errors and deficiencies in mathematical model descriptions can be efficiently identified, diagnosed and subsequently repaired. C1 [Beausoleil-Morrison, Ian] Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Griffith, Brent] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Vesanen, Teemu] Tech Res Ctr Finland VTT, Espoo, Finland. [Weber, Andreas] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Beausoleil-Morrison, I (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM Ian_Beausoleil-Morrison@carleton.ca NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1493 J9 J BUILD PERFORM SIMU JI J. Build. Perf. Simul. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1 SI SI BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1080/19401490802559409 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA V20VV UT WOS:000208168400005 ER PT J AU Wetter, M AF Wetter, Michael TI Modelica-based modelling and simulation to support research and development in building energy and control systems SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE building simulation; equation-based modelling; rapid prototyping; Modelica; controls AB Traditional building simulation programs possess attributes that make them difficult to use for the design and analysis of building energy and control systems and for the support of model-based research and development of systems that may not already be implemented in these programs. This article presents characteristic features of such applications, and it shows how equation-based object-oriented modelling can meet requirements that arise in such applications. Next, the implementation of an open-source component model library for building energy systems is presented. The library has been developed using the equation-based object-oriented Modelica modelling language. Technical challenges of modelling and simulating such systems are discussed. Research needs are presented to make this technology accessible to user groups that have more stringent requirements with respect to the numerical robustness of simulation than a research community may have. Two examples are presented in which models from the here described library were used. The first example describes the design of a controller for a nonlinear model of a heating coil using model reduction and frequency domain analysis. The second example describes the tuning of control parameters for a static pressure reset controller of a variable air volume flow system. The tuning has been done by solving a non-convex optimization problem that minimizes fan energy subject to state constraints. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Program, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wetter, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Program, Energy & Environm Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwetter@lbl.gov FU US Government [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Building Technologies of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Accordingly, the US Government retains a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes.; This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technologies of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The author would like to thank Scott A. Bortoff at the United Technologies Research Center for his input to the controls design example and Philip Haves, Brian A. Coffey and Walter F. Buhl, all at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, as well as the anonymous reviewers, for their valuable feedback to the manuscript. NR 51 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1493 J9 J BUILD PERFORM SIMU JI J. Build. Perf. Simul. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 143 EP 161 DI 10.1080/19401490902818259 PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA V20WC UT WOS:000208169100006 ER PT J AU Trcka, M Hensen, JLM Wetter, M AF Trcka, Marija Hensen, Jan L. M. Wetter, Michael TI Co-simulation of innovative integrated HVAC systems in buildings SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE co-simulation; innovative building system modelling and simulation; HVAC simulation; building performance simulation AB Integrated performance simulation of buildings' heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems can help in reducing energy consumption and increasing occupant comfort. However, no single building performance simulation (BPS) tool offers sufficient capabilities and flexibilities to analyse integrated building systems and to enable rapid prototyping of innovative building and system technologies. One way to alleviate this problem is to use co-simulation, as an integrated approach to simulation. This article elaborates on issues important for co-simulation realization and discusses multiple possibilities to justify the particular approach implemented in the here described co-simulation prototype. The prototype is validated with the results obtained from the traditional simulation approach. It is further used in a proof-of-concept case study to demonstrate the applicability of the method and to highlight its benefits. Stability and accuracy of different coupling strategies are analysed to give a guideline for the required coupling time step. C1 [Trcka, Marija; Hensen, Jan L. M.] Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Wetter, Michael] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Simulat Res Grp, Bldg Technol Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trcka, M (reprint author), Eindhoven Univ Technol, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM m.trcka@tue.nl RI Hensen, Jan/J-6100-2013 OI Hensen, Jan/0000-0002-7528-4234 FU Office of Building Technologies of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technologies of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1493 EI 1940-1507 J9 J BUILD PERFORM SIMU JI J. Build. Perf. Simul. PY 2009 VL 2 IS 3 BP 209 EP 230 DI 10.1080/19401490903051959 PG 22 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA V20WH UT WOS:000208169600004 ER PT J AU Kwak, JH Mei, DH Yi, CW Kim, DH Peden, CHF Allard, LF Szanyi, J AF Kwak, Ja Hun Mei, Donghai Yi, Cheol-Woo Kim, Do Heui Peden, Charles H. F. Allard, Lawrence F. Szanyi, Janos TI Understanding the nature of surface nitrates in BaO/gamma-Al2O3 NOx storage materials: A combined experimental and theoretical study SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE BaO/gamma-Al2O3; NOx storage; HR-STEM; FTIR; Density Functional Theory ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; GAMMA-ALUMINA SURFACES; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BARIUM OXIDE; BASIS-SET; FT-IR; ADSORPTION; BAO; CATALYSTS AB A combined experimental-theory approach was applied to unambiguously determine the nature of "surface nitrates" in BaO/gamma-Al2O3 NOx storage materials. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images reveal that at a low BaO coverage of 2 wt% gamma-Al2O3 monomeric BaO units are present almost exclusively. These molecularly dispersed BaO units are concentrated on the (100) facets Of the alumina crystallites, while other facets remain practically BaO-free The results of the density functional theory calculations predicted adsorption geometries for the (BaO)(x) (x = 1 and 2) units. The energetically most favorable BaO monomer and dimer units anchor to pentacoordinate Al3+ sites on the (100) facets of gamma-Al2O3 in such geometries that maximize their interactions with the support surface. The calculated vibrational frequencies of the energetically most favorable nitrate species formed upon the interaction of NO2 with the monomeric and dimeric BaO units agree remarkably well with those observed experimentally by infrared spectroscopy and identified as "surface nitrates." Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Kwak, Ja Hun; Mei, Donghai; Yi, Cheol-Woo; Kim, Do Heui; Peden, Charles H. F.; Szanyi, Janos] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Mei, DH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, POB 999,MSIN K8-80, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM donghai.mei@pnl.gov; janos.szanyi@pnl.gov RI Mei, Donghai/D-3251-2011; Mei, Donghai/A-2115-2012; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kim, Do Heui/I-3727-2015; Yi, Cheol-Woo/B-3082-2010; OI Mei, Donghai/0000-0002-0286-4182; Yi, Cheol-Woo/0000-0003-4549-5433; Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; LDRD; National Energy Research Scientific Center (NERSC) FX We gratefully acknowledge the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences for the support of this work. The research described in this paper was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract number DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work also supported by the LDRD project of Catalysis Initiative at PNNL. The computing time was granted by National Energy Research Scientific Center (NERSC). We also acknowledge the High Temperature Materials Laboratory at ORNL where the HR-STEM images were acquired. NR 32 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 261 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2008.10.016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 406ZQ UT WOS:000263333800003 ER PT J AU Caldwell, P Bretherton, CS AF Caldwell, Peter Bretherton, Christopher S. TI Response of a Subtropical Stratocumulus-Capped Mixed Layer to Climate and Aerosol Changes SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; LOWER-TROPOSPHERIC STABILITY; LOW CLOUD COVER; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; WATER-VAPOR; ENTRAINMENT; MODELS; SENSITIVITY; FEEDBACK AB In this paper, an idealized framework based on a cloud-topped mixed layer model is developed for investigating feedbacks between subtropical stratocumulus (Sc) and global warming. The two principal control parameters are Sc-region sea surface temperature (SST) and intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) SST (which controls the temperature and mean subsidence profiles above the Sc). The direct effect of CO(2) doubling (leaving all other parameters fixed) is tested and found to somewhat reduce liquid water path; discussion of this effect on the SST-change simulations is included. The presence of a cold boundary layer is found to significantly affect the temperature and subsidence rate just above cloud top by enhancing lower-tropospheric diabatic cooling in this region. A simple representation of this effect (easily generalizable to a more realistic boundary layer model) is developed. Steady-state solutions are analyzed as a function of local and ITCZ SST. Two climate change scenarios are considered. The first scenario is an equal increase of local and ITCZ SSTs. In this case, predicted boundary layer depth and cloud thickness increase. This is found in a simplified context to result from subsidence and entrainment decreases due to increased static stability in a warmer climate. In the second case, local SST change is diagnosed from a surface energy balance under the assumption that ocean heat transport remains unchanged. In this case, predicted boundary layer depth decreases. Cloud continues to thicken with rising ITCZ SST, but at a rate much reduced in comparison to the equal-warming scenario. This cloud shading feedback keeps SST in the Sc region nearly constant as the ITCZ SST increases. Model sensitivity to aerosol indirect effects is also considered by varying the assumed droplet concentration. The resulting change in liquid water path is small, suggesting a weaker dependence on second indirect effect than found in previous studies. C1 [Caldwell, Peter; Bretherton, Christopher S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Caldwell, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-103,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. EM caldwell19@llnl.gov RI Caldwell, Peter/K-1899-2014 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 20 EP 38 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1967.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 392VA UT WOS:000262329100002 ER PT J AU Romeo, S Yin, W Kozlitina, J Pennacchio, LA Boerwinkle, E Hobbs, HH Cohen, JC AF Romeo, Stefano Yin, Wu Kozlitina, Julia Pennacchio, Len A. Boerwinkle, Eric Hobbs, Helen H. Cohen, Jonathan C. TI Rare loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL family members contribute to plasma triglyceride levels in humans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ANGIOPOIETIN-LIKE PROTEIN-4; LIPOPROTEIN-LIPASE; ENDOTHELIAL LIPASE; LIPID-METABOLISM; HDL CHOLESTEROL; TARGET GENE; POPULATION; ALLELES; MICE; OLIGOMERIZATION AB The relative activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in different tissues controls the partitioning of lipoprotein-derived fatty acids between sites of fat storage (adipose tissue) and oxidation (heart and skeletal muscle). Here we used a reverse genetic strategy to test the hypothesis that 4 angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL3, -4, -5, and -6) play key roles in triglyceride (TG) metabolism in humans. We re-sequenced the coding regions of the genes encoding these proteins and identified multiple rare nonsynonymous (NS) sequence variations that were associated with low plasma TG levels but not with other metabolic phenotypes. Functional studies revealed that all mutant alleles of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 that were associated with low plasma TG levels interfered either with the synthesis or secretion of the protein or with the ability of the ANGPTL protein to inhibit LPL. A total of 1% of the Dallas Heart Study population and 4% of those participants with a plasma TG in the lowest quartile had a rare loss-of-function mutation in ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, or ANGPTL5. Thus, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL5, but not ANGPTL6, play nonredundant roles in TG metabolism, and multiple alleles at these loci cumulatively contribute to variability in plasma TG levels in humans. C1 [Romeo, Stefano; Yin, Wu; Cohen, Jonathan C.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Eugene McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Romeo, Stefano; Yin, Wu; Cohen, Jonathan C.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Donald W Reynolds Cardiovasc Clin Res Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Yin, Wu; Hobbs, Helen H.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Howard Hughes Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Kozlitina, Julia] So Methodist Univ, Dept Stat Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Pennacchio, Len A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pennacchio, Len A.] US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX USA. [Boerwinkle, Eric] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Inst Mol Med, Houston, TX USA. [Cohen, Jonathan C.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Ctr Human Nutr, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Hobbs, HH (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Eugene McDermott Ctr Human Growth & Dev, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM helen.hobbs@utsouthwestern.edu; jonathan.cohen@utsouthwestern.edu RI Romeo, Stefano/L-6861-2015 OI Romeo, Stefano/0000-0001-9168-4898 FU Donald W. Reynolds Foundation; NIH [RL1-HL-092550, HL-20948]; American Heart Association Texas Affiliate Fellowship FX We thank Zifen Wang, Liangcai Nie, Wendy Schackwitz, Anna Ustaszewska, Joel Martin, and Crystal Wright for excellent technical assistance, Kim Lawson for statistical analysis, and Susan Lakoski for helpful discussions. This work was supported by a grant from the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation, a grant from the NIH (RL1-HL-092550 and HL-20948), and the American Heart Association Texas Affiliate Fellowship (to S. Romeo). NR 37 TC 178 Z9 182 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC PI ANN ARBOR PA 35 RESEARCH DR, STE 300, ANN ARBOR, MI 48103 USA SN 0021-9738 J9 J CLIN INVEST JI J. Clin. Invest. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 119 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1172/JCI37118 PG 10 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 390BS UT WOS:000262139900011 PM 19075393 ER PT J AU Hooper, D Blasi, P Serpico, PD AF Hooper, Dan Blasi, Pasquale Serpico, Pasquale Dario TI Pulsars as the sources of high energy cosmic ray positrons SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic rays; dark matter; neutron stars ID GAPS; RADIATION; ELECTRONS; FRACTION AB Recent results from the PAMELA satellite indicate the presence of a large flux of positrons (relative to electrons) in the cosmic ray spectrum between approximately 10 and 100 GeV. As annihilating dark matter particles in many models are predicted to contribute to the cosmic ray positron spectrum in this energy range, a great deal of interest has resulted from this observation. Here, we consider pulsars (rapidly spinning, magnetized neutron stars) as an alternative source of this signal. After calculating the contribution to the cosmic ray positron and electron spectra from pulsars, we find that the spectrum observed by PAMELA could plausibly originate from such sources. In particular, a significant contribution is expected from the sum of all mature pulsars throughout the Milky Way, as well as from the most nearby mature pulsars (such as Geminga and B0656 + 14). The signal from near by pulsars is expected to generate a small but significant dipole anisotropy in the cosmic ray electron spectrum, potentially providing a method by which the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope would be capable of discriminating between the pulsar and dark matter origins of the observed high energy positrons. C1 [Hooper, Dan; Blasi, Pasquale; Serpico, Pasquale Dario] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Hooper, Dan] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Blasi, Pasquale] Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Blasi, Pasquale] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila, Italy. [Serpico, Pasquale Dario] CERN, Dept Phys, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Hooper, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM dhooper@fnal.gov; blasi@arcetri.astro.it; serpico@cern.ch RI Blasi, Pasquale/O-9345-2015 OI Blasi, Pasquale/0000-0003-2480-599X FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; NASA [NNX08AH34G] FX DH is supported by the Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy and by NASA grant NNX08AH34G. We would like to thank Felix Aharonian for helpful correspondance. NR 38 TC 240 Z9 243 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 IS 1 AR 025 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2009/01/025 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 413WS UT WOS:000263824000025 ER PT J AU Melchiorri, A Mena, O Palomares-Ruiz, S Pascoli, S Slosar, A Sorel, M AF Melchiorri, Alessandro Mena, Olga Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio Pascoli, Silvia Slosar, Anze Sorel, Michel TI Sterile neutrinos in light of recent cosmological and oscillation data: a multi-flavor scheme approach SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE cosmological neutrinos; neutrino properties; physics of the early universe ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; EARLY UNIVERSE; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; MASSIVE NEUTRINOS; NOMAD EXPERIMENT; OPTICAL-ACTIVITY; SEARCH; BOUNDS; PARAMETERS AB Light sterile neutrinos might mix with the active ones and be copiously produced in the early Universe. In the present paper, a detailed multi-flavor analysis of sterile neutrino production is performed. Making some justified approximations allows us to consider not only neutrino interactions with the primeval medium and neutrino coherence breaking effects, but also oscillation effects arising from the presence of three light (mostly-active) neutrino states mixed with two heavier (mostly-sterile) states. First, we emphasize the underlying physics via an analytical description of sterile neutrino abundances that is valid for cases with small mixing between active and sterile neutrinos. Then, we study in detail the phenomenology of (3+2) sterile neutrino models in light of short-baseline oscillation data, including the LSND and MiniBooNE results. Finally, by using the information provided by this analysis, we obtain the expected sterile neutrino cosmological abundances and then contrast them with the most recet available data from Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure observations. We conclude that (3+2) models are significantly more disfavored by the internal inconsistencies between sterile neutrino interpretations of appearance and disappearance short-baseline data themselves, rather than by the used cosmological data. C1 [Melchiorri, Alessandro] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Mena, Olga; Sorel, Michel] Univ Valencia, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. [Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio] Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Pascoli, Silvia] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, IPPP, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Slosar, Anze] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Slosar, Anze] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Melchiorri, A (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. EM Alessandro.Melchiorri@roma1.infn.it; mena@ieec.uab.es; sergio.palomares.ruiz@ist.utl.pt; silvia.pascoli@durham.ac.uk; anze@berkeley.edu; sorel@ific.uv.es RI Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio/K-8048-2014; OI Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio/0000-0001-9049-2288; Sorel, Michel/0000-0003-2141-9508; Melchiorri, Alessandro/0000-0001-5326-6003 NR 132 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 IS 1 AR 036 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2009/01/036 PG 28 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 413WS UT WOS:000263824000036 ER PT J AU Kostova, T AF Kostova, Tanya TI Interplay of node connectivity and epidemic rates in the dynamics of epidemic networks SO JOURNAL OF DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE epidemic network; network dynamics; connectivity; epidemic control; dynamical system; reproduction number ID CONTACT NETWORKS; MODELS AB We present and analyze a discrete-time susceptible-infected epidemic network model which represents each host as a separate entity and allows heterogeneous hosts and contacts. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for global stability of the disease-free equilibrium of the system (defined as epidemic controllability) which defines the epidemic reproduction number of the network. When this condition is not fulfilled, we show that the system has a unique, locally stable equilibrium. We further derive sufficient conditions for epidemic controllability in terms of the epidemic rates and the network topology. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kostova, T (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-561, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kostova@llnl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-6198 EI 1563-5120 J9 J DIFFER EQU APPL JI J. Differ. Equ. Appl. PY 2009 VL 15 IS 4 BP 415 EP 428 AR PII 910455401 DI 10.1080/10236190902766835 PG 14 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 435HI UT WOS:000265334300006 ER PT J AU Kasnakoglu, C Camphouse, RC Serrani, A AF Kasnakoglu, Cosku Camphouse, R. Chris Serrani, Andrea TI Reduced-Order Model-Based Feedback Control of Flow Over an Obstacle Using Center Manifold Methods SO JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE boundary layers; control system synthesis; feedback; flow; flow control; Navier-Stokes equations; nonlinear control systems; open loop systems ID ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION MODELS; BOUNDARY CONTROL; BURGERS-EQUATION; GALERKIN MODELS; CYLINDER WAKE; CHANNEL FLOW; REDUCTION; EXPANSION AB In this paper, we consider a boundary control problem governed by the two-dimensional Burgers' equation for a configuration describing convective flow over an obstacle. Flows over obstacles are important as they arise in many practical applications. Burgers' equations are also significant as they represent a simpler form of the more general Navier-Stokes momentum equation describing fluid flow. The aim of the work is to develop a reduced-order boundary control-oriented model for the system with subsequent nonlinear control law design. The control objective is to drive the full order system to a desired 2D profile. Reduced-order modeling involves the application of an L(2) optimization based actuation mode expansion technique for input separation, demonstrating how one can obtain a reduced-order Galerkin model in which the control inputs appear as explicit terms. Controller design is based on averaging and center manifold techniques and is validated with full order numerical simulation. Closed-loop results are compared to a standard linear quadratic regulator design based on a linearization of the reduced-order model. The averaging/center manifold based controller design provides smoother response with less control effort and smaller tracking error. C1 [Kasnakoglu, Cosku] TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. [Camphouse, R. Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, Performance Assessment & Decis Anal Dept, Carlsbad Programs Grp, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. [Serrani, Andrea] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Kasnakoglu, C (reprint author), TOBB Univ Econ & Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, TR-06560 Ankara, Turkey. EM kasnakoglu@etu.edu.tr NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-0434 J9 J DYN SYST-T ASME JI J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1 AR 011011 DI 10.1115/1.3023122 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 381DJ UT WOS:000261515300011 ER PT J AU Mandal, KC Kang, SH Choi, M Bello, J Zheng, LL Zhang, H Groza, M Roy, UN Burger, A Jellison, GE Holcomb, DE Wright, GW Williams, JA AF Mandal, Krishna C. Kang, Sung Hoon Choi, Michael Bello, Job Zheng, Lili Zhang, Hui Groza, Michael Roy, Utpal N. Burger, Arnold Jellison, Gerald E. Holcomb, David E. Wright, Gomez W. Williams, Joseph A. TI Simulation, Modeling, and Crystal Growth of Cd(0.9)Zn(0.1)Te for Nuclear Spectrometers (vol 35, pg 1251, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Correction C1 [Mandal, Krishna C.; Kang, Sung Hoon; Choi, Michael; Bello, Job] EIC Labs Inc, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. [Zheng, Lili; Zhang, Hui] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mech Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Groza, Michael; Roy, Utpal N.; Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Ctr Excellence Phys & Chem Mat, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Jellison, Gerald E.; Holcomb, David E.; Wright, Gomez W.; Williams, Joseph A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mandal, KC (reprint author), EIC Labs Inc, 111 Downey St, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. EM kmandal@eiclabs.com NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 208 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0450-3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 385CF UT WOS:000261789900026 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Gilardi, RD AF Chavez, David E. Gilardi, Richard D. TI Synthesis of 3,6-bis(3-azido-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE azido compounds; explosives; high-nitrogen ID NITROGEN-RICH; CARBON NITRIDES; ENERGETIC SALTS AB The synthesis of 3,6-bis(3-azido-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3) (BATTz) is described. The physical and explosive sensitivity properties of this material were determined. The heat of formation was measured to be 1376kJ/mol by combustion calorimetry. Additionally, X-ray crystallography confirmed the structure of this high-nitrogen primary explosive. C1 [Chavez, David E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gilardi, Richard D.] Naval Res Lab, Struct Matter Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov FU DoD/DOE Joint Munitions Technology Development Program. FX This work was supported by the DoD/DOE Joint Munitions Technology Development Program. The author also thanks Dennis Montoya for the sensitivity analysis, Lloyd Davis for the thermal analysis, and Stephanie Hagelberg for the elemental analyses. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the DOE/NNSA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PY 2009 VL 27 IS 2 BP 110 EP 117 AR PII 908115422 DI 10.1080/07370650802405224 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 397FF UT WOS:000262647500003 ER PT J AU Madden, AS Palumbo, AV Ravel, B Vishnivetskaya, TA Phelps, TJ Schadt, CW Brandt, CC AF Madden, Andrew S. Palumbo, Anthony V. Ravel, Bruce Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A. Phelps, Tommy J. Schadt, Christopher W. Brandt, Craig C. TI Donor-dependent Extent of Uranium Reduction for Bioremediation of Contaminated Sediment Microcosms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL U(VI) REDUCTION; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIUM; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SP-NOV.; NITRATE; SORPTION; AQUIFER; BIOREDUCTION; GROUNDWATER AB Bioremediation of uranium was investigated in microcosm experiments containing contaminated sediments from Oak Ridge, Tennessee to explore the importance of electron donor selection for uranium reduction rate and extent. In these experiments, all of the electron donors, including ethanol, glucose, methanol, and methanol with added humic acids, stimulated the reduction and immobilization of aqueous uranium by the indigenous microbial community. Uranium loss from solution began after the completion of nitrate reduction but essentially concurrent with sulfate reduction. When electron donor concentrations were normalized for their equivalent electron donor potential yield, the rates of uranium reduction were nearly equivalent for all treatments (0.55-0.95 mu mol L(-1) d(-1)). Uranium reduction with methanol proceeded after a 15-d longer tag time relative to that of ethanol or glucose. Significant differences were not found With the inclusion of humic acids. The extent of U reduction in sediment slurries measured by XANES at various time periods after the start of the experiment increased in the order of ethanol (5-7% reduced at 77 and 153 d), glucose (49% reduced at 53 d), and methanol (93% reduced at 90 d). The microbial diversity of ethanol- and methanol-amended microcosms in their late stage of U reduction was analyzed with 16S rRNA gene amplification. Members of the Geobacteraceae were found in all microcosms as well as other potential uranium-reducing organisms, such as Clostridium and Desulfosporosinus. The effectiveness of methanol relative to ethanol at reducing aqueous and sediment-hosted uranium suggests that bioremediation strategies that encourage fermentative poising of the subsurface to a lower redox potential may be more effective for long-tern) uranium immobilization as compared with selecting an electron donor that is efficiently metabolized by known uranium-reducing microorganisms. C1 [Madden, Andrew S.; Palumbo, Anthony V.; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A.; Phelps, Tommy J.; Schadt, Christopher W.; Brandt, Craig C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] Argonne Natl Lab, Mol Environm Sci Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Palumbo, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM palumboav@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Schadt, Christopher/B-7143-2008; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/A-4488-2008 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Schadt, Christopher/0000-0001-8759-2448; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/0000-0002-0660-023X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Lisa Fagan and Meghan McNeilly prepared and sampled microcosm experiments. We thank ORFRC staff members for providing sediment and humic materials. Kenneth Lowe and Jana Tarver assisted with anion measurements. Shelly Kelly, Deric Learman, Nick Wigginton, and Julie Olmsted Cross assisted with XANES measurements. Susan Carroll assisted with gas chromatography. This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. MRCAT operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source and research at these facilities are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.2134/jeq2008.0071 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394WJ UT WOS:000262483500008 PM 19141795 ER PT J AU Cook, LL McGonigle, TR Inouye, RS AF Cook, Lawrence L. McGonigle, Terence R. Inouye, Richard S. TI Titanium as an Indicator of Residual Soil on Arid-Land Plants SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONTENT; SOUTHERN IDAHO; VEGETATION; INGESTION; DESERT; NUTRIENT; SAMPLES; TISSUE AB Titanium (Ti) has been suggested as a soil contamination indicator for plant samples slated for trace element analysis because it is abundant in soil but not in plants. Based on results from our survey of regional soils and plants for cesium (Cs), we sought to confirm Ti as a valid soil contamination indicator reasoning that there are three sources of Ti associated with plant samples: (i) contamination during laboratory processing, (ii) vascular uptake via roots, and (iii) field soil residue on shoot surfaces. Our experiments showed that: (i) milling increased Ti by 4 mg.kg(-1), and Ti in reagents and on labware added another 5 to 6 mg.kg(-1); (ii) Ti in Crepis acuminata seedling shoots attributable to root uptake averaged 5 mg-kg(-1); (iii) soil-dusted seedlings showed elevenfold and eightfold increases in Ti and Cs, respectively. Further, investigation of shoot washing methods determined that (iv) none of seven washing agents removed all soil from any of two to seven plant species, and (v) Artemisia tridentata and Phlox boodii specimens washed with water retained particles and displayed elemental signatures consistent with adhering soil. We conclude that Ti is a valid soil contamination indicator for arid-land plant samples, and that trace, soil-borne analytes measured in samples where Ti values are high and, hence, soil contaminated, Should be described as plant associated. Furthermore, we give guidance on minimizing Ti contamination of samples during laboratory processing and on use of Ti together with washing to minimize yet gauge soil contamination during trace element analysis. C1 [Cook, Lawrence L.; McGonigle, Terence R.; Inouye, Richard S.] Idaho State Univ, Ctr Ecol Res & Educ, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Cook, Lawrence L.; McGonigle, Terence R.; Inouye, Richard S.] Idaho State Univ, Dep Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Cook, LL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab Res Ctr, Ident Sci LLC, 2351 N Blvd,POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM cooklawr@yahoo.com OI Inouye, Richard/0000-0002-2759-3390 FU ISU Dep. of Biological Sci.; Inland Northwest Res. Alliance; ISU Graduate Student Res.; Scholarship Committee; Bechtel Educational Outreach Program; Idaho NSF EPSCoR project; Natl. Sci. Foundation IR/D Program FX We thank P. Cook, T Perkins, and P. Battiprolu for assistance in sample collection and processing. We are grateful to J. Taylor and Dr. R. Smith, Univ. of Idaho in Idaho Falls, for use of facilities and advice for ICP-MS analysis. Discussions with Dr. P.K. Link regarding the cementing action of CaCO3 were helpful and appreciated. Crepis acuminata seeds were provided by T Meyer, Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project, Great Basin Res. Center, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, 494 West 100 South, Ephraim, UT 84627. Scanning electron micrographs and EDS results were produced by M. Sellers, Northern Arizona Univ., Flagstaff, AZ. Funding for this project was provided by the ISU Dep. of Biological Sci., the Inland Northwest Res. Alliance, the ISU Graduate Student Res. and Scholarship Committee, a Bechtel Educational Outreach Program grant awarded to RSI, the Idaho NSF EPSCoR project, Sigma Xi, and the Natl. Sci. Foundation IR/D Program. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Nad. Sci. Foundation. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 38 IS 1 BP 188 EP 199 DI 10.2134/jeq2007.0034 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 394WJ UT WOS:000262483500022 PM 19141809 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Brown, PH Stone, EL Hamilton, TF Conrado, CL Kehl, S AF Robison, William L. Brown, Patrick H. Stone, Earl L. Hamilton, Terry F. Conrado, Cynthia L. Kehl, Steven TI Distribution and ratios of Cs-137 and K in control and K-treated coconut trees at Bikini Island where nuclear test fallout occurred: effects and implications SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Trees; Potassium transport; Cs-137 transport; Uptake; Compartment-distribution; Internal K control; K channel; K transporters ID CESIUM UPTAKE; POTASSIUM; ARABIDOPSIS; PLANTS; TRANSPORTER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; ABSORPTION; MECHANISMS; GROWTH AB Coconut trees growing on atolls of the Bikini Islands are on the margin of K deficiency because the concentration of exchangeable K in coral soil is very low, ranging from only 20 to 80 mg kg(-1). When provided with additional K, coconut trees absorb large quantities of K and this uptake of K significantly alters the patterns of distribution of Cs-137 Within the plant. Following a single K fertilization event, mean total K in trunks of K-treated trees is 5.6 times greater than in trunks of control trees. In contrast, Cs-137 concentration in trunks of K-treated and control trees is statistically the same while Cs-137 is significantly lower in edible fruits of K-treated trees. Within one year after fertilization (one rainy season), K concentration in soil is back to naturally low concentrations. However, the tissue concentrations of K in treated trees stays very high internally in the trees for years while Cs-137 concentration in treated trees remains very low in all tree compartments except for the trunk. Potassium fertilization did not change soil Cs availability. Mass balance calculations suggest that the fertilization event increased above ground plant K content by at least a factor of 5 (2.2 kg). Potassium concentrations and content were higher in all organs of K-fertilized trees with the greatest increases seen in organs that receive a portion of tissue K through xylem transport (trunk, fronds and fruit husks) and lowest in organs supplied predominantly with K via the phloem (palm heart, spathe, coco meat and fluid). The (137)Cesium concentrations and contents were dramatically lower in all organs of K-treated trees with greatest proportional reductions observed in organs supplied predominantly with K via the phloem (palm heart, spathe, coco meat and fluid). All trees remobilize both K and Cs-137 from fronds as they proceed toward senescence. In control trees the reduction in concentration of K and Cs-137 in fronds as they age is logarithmic, but K rernobilization is linear in K-treated trees where K concentration is high. As a result of K treatment the Cs-137 concentration in K-treated fronds is extremely low and constant with frond age. Fronds of K-treated trees contain a greater amount of K than control tree fronds. As they fall to the ground and decay they provide a small continuing pool of K that is about 3% of the natural K in soil under the tree canopy. Results of K and Cs-137 concentration and distribution in control and K-treated coconut trees suggest that the application of K reduces Cs-137 uptake both in the short term immediately following K fertilization and in the long term, after soil K levels have returned to normal but while plant K stores remain high. These results suggest that high internal K concentration and not high soil K is primarily responsible for longterm reduction of Cs-137 in edible fruits, play a significant role in limiting further uptake of Cs-137 by roots, and affects allocation of Cs-137 to edible fruits for years. Coconut trees are capable of luxury K accumulation when provided with excess K and in this example the additional K can effectively provide the K requirements of the plant for in excess of 10 y. The reduction of Cs-137 uptake lasts for at least 10 y after K is last applied and greatly reduces the estimated radiation dose to people consuming local tree foods. Effectiveness and duration of K treatment provide important assurances that reduction in Cs-137 is long term and the radiation dose from consuming local plant foods will remain low. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Robison, William L.; Hamilton, Terry F.; Conrado, Cynthia L.; Kehl, Steven] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brown, Patrick H.] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Plant Sci, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Stone, Earl L.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Robison, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-642, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM robisonl@llnl.gov RI Brown, Patrick/E-4085-2012 OI Brown, Patrick/0000-0001-6857-8608 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 100 IS 1 BP 76 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.10.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 400QJ UT WOS:000262883100011 PM 19064306 ER PT J AU Barry, RC Lin, YH Wang, J Liu, GD Timchalk, CA AF Barry, Richard C. Lin, Yuehe Wang, Jun Liu, Guodong Timchalk, Charles A. TI Nanotechnology-based electrochemical sensors for biomonitoring chemical exposures SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE biomonitoring; dosimetry; electrochemical sensors; exposure assessment ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDE CHLORPYRIFOS; MICROCHIP CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CARBON NANOTUBES; NERVE AGENTS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; PESTICIDE EXPOSURE; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID; SALIVARY CHOLINESTERASE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN AB The coupling of dosimetry measurements and modeling represents a promising strategy for deciphering the relationship between chemical exposure and disease outcome. To support the development and implementation of biological monitoring programs, quantitative technologies for measuring xenobiotic exposure are needed. The development of portable nanotechnology-based electrochemical (EC) sensors has the potential to meet the needs for low cost, rapid, high-throughput, and ultrasensitive detectors for biomonitoring an array of chemical markers. Highly selective EC sensors capable of pM sensitivity, high-throughput and low sample requirements (< 50 mu l) are discussed. These portable analytical systems have many advantages over currently available technologies, thus potentially representing the next generation of biomonitoring analyzers. This paper highlights research focused on the development of field-deployable analytical instruments based on EC detection. Background information and a general overview of EC detection methods and integrated use of nanomaterials in the development of these sensors are provided. New developments in EC sensors using various types of screen-printed electrodes, integrated nanomaterials, and immunoassays are presented. Recent applications of EC sensors for assessing exposure to pesticides or detecting biomarkers of disease are highlighted to demonstrate the ability to monitor chemical metabolites, enzyme activity, or protein biomarkers of disease. In addition, future considerations and opportunities for advancing the use of EC platforms for dosimetric studies are discussed. C1 [Barry, Richard C.; Timchalk, Charles A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lin, Yuehe; Wang, Jun; Liu, Guodong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Interfacial & Nanoscale Sci Facil, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Liu, Guodong] N Dakota State Univ, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Timchalk, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, MSIN P7-59,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM charles.timchalk@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS058161-01]; CDC/NIOSH [R01 OH008173]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [U54 ES16015]; NIH; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was performed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) supported partially by grant number NS058161-01 from the National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, partially by CDC/NIOSH Grant R01 OH008173, and partially by grant number U54 ES16015 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Federal Government. The research described in this paper was partly performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 125 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.71 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384YF UT WOS:000261779400001 PM 19018275 ER PT J AU McKone, TE Ryan, PB Ozkaynak, H AF McKone, Thomas E. Ryan, P. Barry Oezkaynak, Haluk TI Exposure information in environmental health research: Current opportunities and future directions for particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air pollutants SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE health tracking; air pollution epidemiology; risk assessment; accountability; exposure classification ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMUNITIES; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; LOS-ANGELES RESIDENTS; PERSONAL EXPOSURE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; AMBIENT AIR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION AB Understanding and quantifying outdoor and indoor sources of human exposure are essential but often not adequately addressed in health effect studies for air pollution. Air pollution epidemiology, risk assessment, health tracking, and accountability assessments are examples of health effect studies that require but often lack adequate exposure information. Recent advances in exposure modeling along with better information on time-activity and exposure factor data provide us with unique opportunities to improve the assignment of exposures for both future and ongoing studies linking air pollution to health impacts. In September 2006, scientists from the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention along with scientists from the academic community and state health departments convened a symposium on air pollution exposure and health to identify, evaluate, and improve current approaches for linking air pollution exposures to disease. This manuscript presents the key issues, challenges, and recommendations identified by the exposure working group, who used case studies of particulate matter, ozone, and toxic air-pollutant exposure to evaluate health effects for air pollution. One of the overarching lessons of this workshop is that obtaining better exposure information for these different health effect studies requires both goal setting for what is needed and mapping out the transition pathway from current capabilities for meeting these goals. Meeting our long-term goals requires definition of incremental steps that provide useful information for the interim and move us toward our long-term goals. Another overarching theme among the three different pollutants and the different health study approaches is the need for integration among alternate exposure-assessment approaches. For example, different groups may advocate exposure indicators, biomonitoring, mapping methods (GIS), modeling, environmental media monitoring, and/or personal exposure modeling. However, emerging research reveals that the greatest progress comes from integration among two or more of these efforts. C1 [McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. [Ryan, P. Barry] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Oezkaynak, Haluk] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP McKone, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail stop 90R3058, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. EM temckone@lbl.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009 FU The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development [EP06D000722]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the US Department of Energy [DW-89-93058201-1, DE-AC0205CH11231]; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U19/EH000097-03] FX The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under contract no. EP06D000722 to Dr. P. Barry Ryan and through Interagency Agreement DW-89-93058201-1 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the US Department of Energy under Contract Grant no. DE-AC0205CH11231. It has been subjected to Agency review and approved for publication. This work was also supported by Cooperative Agreement number U19/EH000097-03 from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 89 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 20 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 EI 1559-064X J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 30 EP 44 DI 10.1038/jes.2008.3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 384YF UT WOS:000261779400003 PM 18385670 ER PT J AU van der Sluijs, MA Peratt, AL AF van der Sluijs, Marinus Anthony Peratt, Anthony L. TI The Ouroboros as an Auroral Phenomenon SO JOURNAL OF FOLKLORE RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID SPACE AB This article traces the spread and development of the motif of the ouroboros, or circular serpent, and proposes that it originated in descriptions of an intense aurora. The earliest artistic examples Of the ouroboros date to +/- 5000- +/- 3000 BCE. The theme proliferated in Egypt and spread to the classical world during the Hellenistic period. In the earliest traditions, emphasis was on the ouroboros' associations with the sun god, the creation of the world, the circular ocean, darkness Or underworld thought to surround the earth, and a mythical combat. From late antiquity onwards, the ouroboros acquired more sophisticated meanings, including a link With the ecliptic band or the zodiac, the lunar nodes, the alchemical process, and eternity. In China, the ouroboros largely remained a purely decorative motif, while its most common role in the equatorial regions of America, Africa and Oceania was as a form of the cosmic ocean. In reviewing hypotheses concerning the origin of the motif, we consider the antiquity of the theme, its near-universality, its geographic link with the outermost boundary of the visible world, and aspects of the dragon's prosopography-such as its precious orb, its filamentation, its twin aspect, and its radiant color scheme. It is proposed that the archetype was inspired by a surge of intense auroral phenomena including a plasma instability type known as a diocotron instability, witnessed by human beings towards the end of the Neolithic period. C1 [van der Sluijs, Marinus Anthony; Peratt, Anthony L.] Univ Penn, Museum Archaeol & Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Peratt, Anthony L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP van der Sluijs, MA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Museum Archaeol & Anthropol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM mythopedia@hotmail.com; alp@ieeetps.org NR 158 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU INDIANA UNIV PRESS PI BLOOMINGTON PA 601 N MORTON ST, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47404 USA SN 0737-7037 J9 J FOLKLORE RES JI J. Folk. Res. PD JAN-APR PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 3 EP 41 PG 39 WC Folklore SC Arts & Humanities - Other Topics GA 462XP UT WOS:000267392200002 ER PT J AU Mernild, SH Hasholt, B AF Mernild, Sebastian H. Hasholt, Bent TI Observed runoff, jokulhlaups and suspended sediment load from the Greenland ice sheet at Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland, 2007 and 2008 SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MELT AB This study fills the gap in hydrologic measurements of runoff exiting a part of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), the Kangerlussuaq drainage area, West Greenland. The observations are of value for obtaining knowledge about the terrestrial freshwater and sediment output from part of the GrIS and the strip of land between the ice sheet and the ocean, in the context of varying ice-sheet surface melt and influx entering the ocean. High-resolution stage, discharge and suspended sediment load show a decrease in runoff of similar to 25% and in sediment load of similar to 40% from 2007 to 2008 in response to a decrease in the summer accumulated number of positive degree-days. During the 2007 and 2008 runoff seasons, jokulhlaups were observed at Kangerlussuaq, drained from an ice-dammed lake at the margin of the GrIS. C1 [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Water & Environm Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Mernild, Sebastian H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hasholt, Bent] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Geog & Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Mernild, SH (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 750292-0292, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mernild@lanl.gov FU KVUG (Kommissionen for videnskabelige undersogelser i Gronland) project CRIK (Climatic Record in Kangerlussuaq) [272-07-0645, 2138-08-0003]; University of Alaska Presidential IPY (International Polar Year) Postdoctoral Foundation FX We thank two reviewers for insightful comments. This project is supported partly by grants from the KVUG (Kommissionen for videnskabelige undersogelser i Gronland) project CRIK (Climatic Record in Kangerlussuaq) (grant No. 272-07-0645), partly from KVUG (grant No. 2138-08-0003) and partly from the University of Alaska Presidential IPY (International Polar Year) Postdoctoral Foundation. The work was conducted during the first author's IPY Presidential Postdoctoral Program at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 9 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2009 VL 55 IS 193 BP 855 EP 858 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 544RH UT WOS:000273676200013 ER PT J AU Schievano, S Kunzelman, K Nicosia, MA Cochran, RP Einstein, DR Khambadkone, S Bonhoeffer, P AF Schievano, Silvia Kunzelman, Karyn Nicosia, Mark A. Cochran, Richard P. Einstein, Daniel R. Khambadkone, Sachin Bonhoeffer, Philipp TI Percutaneous Mitral Valve Dilatation: Single Balloon versus Double Balloon. A Finite Element Study SO JOURNAL OF HEART VALVE DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Heart-Valve-Disease CY JUN 15-18, 2007 CL New York, NY SP Soc Heart Valve Dis ID MULTI-TRACK SYSTEM; INOUE BALLOON; SHORT-TERM; VALVULOPLASTY; VALVOTOMY; CATHETER; COMMISSUROTOMY; IMMEDIATE; STENOSIS AB Background and aim of the study: Percutaneous mitral valve (MV) dilatation is routinely performed for mitral stenosis using either a single balloon (SB) or double balloon (DB) technique. The study aim was to compare the two techniques using the finite element (FE) method. Methods: An established FE model of the MV was modified by fusing MV leaflet edges at commissure level to simulate a stenotic valve (orifice area = 180 mm(2)). FE models of a 30 mm SB (low-pressure, elastomeric balloon) and an 18 mm DB system (high-pressure, non-elastic balloon) were created. Results: Both, SB and DB simulations, resulted in the splitting of commissures and consequent relief of stenosis (final MV areas of 610 mm(2) and 560 mm(2), respectively). Stresses induced by the two balloon systems varied across the valve. At full inflation, SB showed a higher stress in the central part of the leaflets and at the commissures compared to DB simulation, which demonstrated a more uniform stress distribution. This was due to mismatch of the round shape of the SB within an oval mitral orifice. Due to its high compliance, commissural splitting was not easily accomplished with the SB. Conversely, the DB guaranteed commissural splitting, even when a high force was required to break the commissure welds. Conclusion: The FE model demonstrated that MV dilatation can be accomplished by both SB and DB techniques. However, the DB method resulted in a higher probability of splitting the fused commissures, with less potential for damage to the MV leaflets by overstretching, even at higher pressures. C1 [Schievano, Silvia] UCL Inst Child Hlth, Cardiothorac Unit, London WC1N 3JH, England. [Schievano, Silvia; Khambadkone, Sachin; Bonhoeffer, Philipp] Great Ormond St Hosp Sick Children, London WC1N 3JH, England. [Kunzelman, Karyn; Cochran, Richard P.] Cent Maine Heart & Vasc Inst, Lewiston, ME USA. [Kunzelman, Karyn; Cochran, Richard P.] Univ Maine, Orono, ME USA. [Nicosia, Mark A.] Widener Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Chester, PA 19013 USA. [Einstein, Daniel R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Olympia, WA USA. RP Schievano, S (reprint author), UCL Inst Child Hlth, Cardiothorac Unit, Great Ormond St, London WC1N 3JH, England. EM s.schievano@ich.ucl.ac.uk RI Schievano, Silvia/B-6803-2009 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU I C R PUBLISHERS PI NORTHWOOD PA CRISPIN HOUSE, 12/A SOUTH APPROACH, MOOR PARK, NORTHWOOD HA6 2ET, ENGLAND SN 0966-8519 J9 J HEART VALVE DIS JI J. Heart Valve Dis. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 414HK UT WOS:000263854300005 PM 19301550 ER PT J AU Lau, D Sinha, M Zhang, Y Shudo, E Perelson, A Luxon, B Lemon, S Saito, T Gale, M AF Lau, D. Sinha, M. Zhang, Y. Shudo, E. Perelson, A. Luxon, B. Lemon, S. Saito, T. Gale, M., Jr. TI PATTERNS OF INTERFERON-INDUCED GENES IN LIVER AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (PBMCS) DURING THE FIRST 24 HOUR (PHASE 1) TREATMENT IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the European-Association-for-the-Study-of-the-Liver CY APR 22-26, 2009 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK SP European Assoc Study Liver C1 [Lau, D.; Zhang, Y.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Sinha, M.; Luxon, B.; Lemon, S.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Galveston, TX USA. [Shudo, E.; Perelson, A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Saito, T.; Gale, M., Jr.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dlau@bidmc.harvard.edu RI Luxon, Bruce/C-9140-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2009 VL 50 MA 84 BP S34 EP S35 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 450EV UT WOS:000266384700085 ER PT J AU Chavez, DE Parrish, DA AF Chavez, David E. Parrish, Damon A. TI New Heterocycles from Tetrazines and Oxadiazoles SO JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-RICH SALTS; SUBSTITUTED TETRAZINES AB The reactivity of 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-oxadiazole (2) toward nucleophilic substitution of 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1) was studied. A new class of high nitrogen heterocyclic systems was prepared. It was determined that 3,4-diamino-1,2.5-oxadiazole did not display the required nucleophilicity to be reactive. However, the anion of 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-oxadiazole, prepared by treatment with strong base, was sufficiently reactive to act as a nucleophile. C1 [Chavez, David E.; Parrish, Damon A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Parrish, Damon A.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Chavez, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, High Explos Sci & Technol DE 1, MS C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dechavez@lanl.gov FU Joint DOD/DOE munitions technology development program; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0535644]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank the Joint DOD/DOE munitions technology development program for financial support. They also thank Stephanie Hagelberg and Gabriel Avilucea for analytical services. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number CHE-0535644. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-152X J9 J HETEROCYCLIC CHEM JI J. Heterocycl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1002/jhet.7 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 421HI UT WOS:000264349600017 ER PT J AU Amigo, SD Blechman, AE Fox, PJ Poppitz, E AF Amigo, Santiago De Lope Blechman, Andrew E. Fox, Patrick J. Poppitz, Erich TI R-symmetric gauge mediation SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetry Breaking; Supersymmetric Standard Model; Supersymmetric Effective Theories ID SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; MODELS AB We present a version of Gauge Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking which preserves an R-symmetry - the gauginos are Dirac particles, the A-terms are zero, and there are four Higgs doublets. This offers an alternative way for gauginos to acquire mass in the supersymmetry-breaking models of Intriligator, Seiberg, and Shih. We investigate the possibility of using R-symmetric gauge mediation to realize the spectrum and large sfermion mixing of the model of Kribs, Poppitz, and Weiner. C1 [Amigo, Santiago De Lope; Blechman, Andrew E.; Poppitz, Erich] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Fox, Patrick J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Amigo, SD (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. EM slamigo@physics.utoronto.ca; blechman@physics.utoronto.ca; pjfox@fnal.gov; poppitz@physics.utoronto.ca FU National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; United States Department of Energy [DEAC02-07CH11359] FX PF and EP thank the KITP Santa Barbara and the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality during completion of this work. We thank Graham Kribs, Markus Luty, Tim Tait, Martin Schmaltz, and Yuri Shirman for discussions, and Martin Schmaltz for suggesting a title. SA acknowledges the support of the Direccion General de Relaciones Internacionales de la Secretarfa de Educacion Ptiblica (DGRI-SEP) of Mexico. SA, AB, and EP acknowledge support of the National Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DEAC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 IS 1 AR 018 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TN UT WOS:000265578400018 ER PT J AU Domingo, F Ellwanger, U Fullana, E Hugonie, C Sanchis-Lozano, MA AF Domingo, Florian Ellwanger, Ulrich Fullana, Esteban Hugonie, Cyril Sanchis-Lozano, Miguel-Angel TI Radiative Gamma decays and a light pseudoscalar Higgs in the NMSSM SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs Physics; B-Physics; Supersymmetric Standard Model ID LARGE TAN-BETA; PHYSICS; BOSON; WEAK; SUPERGRAVITY; MASSES; MODEL; BOTTOMONIUM; QUARKONIUM; BREAKING AB We study possible effects of a light CP-odd Higgs boson on radiative Gamma decays in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. Recent constraints from CLEO on radiative Gamma(1S) decays are translated into constraints on the parameter space of CP-odd Higgs boson masses and couplings, and compared to constraints from B physics and the muon anomalous magnetic moment. Possible Higgs-eta(b)(nS) mixing effects are discussed, notably in the light of the recent measurement of the eta(b)(1S) mass by Babar: The somewhat large Gamma(IS) - eta(b)(1S) hyperfine splitting could easily be explained by the presence of a CP-odd Higgs boson with a mass in the range 9.4 - 10.5 GeV. Then, tests of lepton universality in inclusive radiative Gamma decays can provide a visible signal in forthcoming experimental data. C1 [Domingo, Florian; Ellwanger, Ulrich] Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Fullana, Esteban] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hugonie, Cyril] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Sanchis-Lozano, Miguel-Angel] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. [Sanchis-Lozano, Miguel-Angel] Univ Valencia, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, Dept Fis Teor, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. RP Domingo, F (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, Phys Theor Lab, Campus Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM florian.domingo@th.u-psud.fr; ulrich.ellwanger@th.u-psud.fr; Esteban.Fullana@ific.uv.es; cyril.hugonie@lpta.univ-montp2.fr; Miguel.Angel.Sanchis@uv.es FU U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics [DE-AC0206CH11357]; [FPA2005-01678]; [FPA2008-02878] FX F.D. and U.E. gratefully acknowledge discussions with E. Kou. This work was supported in part by the research grants FPA2005-01678 and FPA2008-02878, and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, under Contract DE-AC0206CH11357. M.-A.S.-L. thanks MICINN for partial support. NR 77 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 IS 1 AR 061 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TN UT WOS:000265578400061 ER PT J AU Ellis, RK Giele, WT Kunszt, Z Melnikov, K Zanderighi, G AF Ellis, R. Keith Giele, W. T. Kunszt, Zoltan Melnikov, Kirill Zanderighi, Giulia TI One-loop amplitudes for W+3 jet production in hadron collisions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NLO Computations; Jets; QCD; Standard Model ID SCALAR INTEGRALS; QCD; COMPUTATION; UNITARITY; MOMENTUM; DIAGRAMS; GLUONS; LEVEL; TREE AB We employ the recently developed method of generalized D-dimensional unitarity to compute one-loop virtual corrections to all scattering amplitudes relevant for the production of a W boson in association with three jets in hadronic collisions, treating all quarks as massless. C1 [Ellis, R. Keith; Giele, W. T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kunszt, Zoltan] ETH, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Melnikov, Kirill] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zanderighi, Giulia] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford, England. RP Ellis, RK (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ellis@fnal.gov; giele@fnal.gov; kunszt@itp.phys.ethz.ch; kirill@phys.hawaii.edu; g.zanderighi1@physics.ox.ac.uk RI Kunszt, Zoltan/G-3420-2013 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 IS 1 AR 012 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 438TN UT WOS:000265578400012 ER PT J AU Quirk, MD AF Quirk, Mihaela D. TI Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation: Achieving Security with Technology and Policy SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Quirk, Mihaela D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Quirk, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pal@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BERKELEY ELECTRONIC PRESS PI BERKELEY PA 2809 TELEGRAPH AVENUE, STE 202, BERKELEY, CA 94705 USA SN 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 AR 29 PG 3 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 440GS UT WOS:000265689400010 ER PT J AU Quirk, MD AF Quirk, Mihaela D. TI Sharpening Strategic Intelligence: Why the CIA Gets It Wrong and What Needs to Be Done to Get It Right SO JOURNAL OF HOMELAND SECURITY AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Quirk, Mihaela D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Quirk, MD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pal@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 2194-6361 EI 1547-7355 J9 J HOMEL SECUR EMERG JI J. Homel. Secur. Emerg. Manag. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 1 AR 17 PG 3 WC Public Administration SC Public Administration GA 440GS UT WOS:000265689400007 ER PT J AU Wigmosta, MS Lane, LJ Tagestad, JD Coleman, AM AF Wigmosta, Mark S. Lane, Leonard J. Tagestad, Jerry D. Coleman, Andre M. TI Hydrologic and Erosion Models to Assess Land Use and Management Practices Affecting Soil Erosion SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HILLSLOPE EROSION; INFILTRATION; PREDICTION; RUNOFF; FLOW; SIMULATION; RANGELANDS; FROZEN AB We developed a new, coupled, hydrologic-erosion model and a targeted field data-collection program to quantify hillslope soil erosion rates and sediment yield in semiarid regions. While the methodology has a wide range of actual and potential applications, we use military training activities as an example. The methodology is applied at the Yakima Training Center (YTC) in south central Washington, USA where most erosion and transport occurs during extreme events of short duration, often associated with rapid rain-induced snowmelt on frozen soil. The distributed hydrologic and soil erosion modeling system is used to simulate continuous water balance and soil thermal state throughout all seasons of the year. We estimated surface runoff and sediment yield for relatively undisturbed areas as well as from roads, firebreaks, and vehicle tracks associated with training activities at the study site. Field data were collected on over 100 hillslope profile transects across the YTC to parameterize, test, and evaluate the linked modeling system. We successfully validated the modeling system against several databases, upland sediment delivery to stream networks, and measured sediment yield from 12 sedimentation ponds within the YTC. The simulation results are superior to those from a currently used model, which help to illustrate applicability of the presented erosion prediction technology. C1 [Wigmosta, Mark S.; Tagestad, Jerry D.; Coleman, Andre M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lane, Leonard J.] LJ Lane Consulting Inc, Oro Valley, AZ 85704 USA. RP Wigmosta, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mark.wigmosta@pnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1340] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the U. S. Department of Defense, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), Project SI-1340. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 14 IS 1 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2009)14:1(27) PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 403WF UT WOS:000263112000003 ER PT J AU Tarantino-Hutchison, LM Sorrentino, C Nadas, A Zhu, YW Rubin, EM Tinkle, SS Weston, A Gordon, T AF Tarantino-Hutchison, Lauren M. Sorrentino, Claudio Nadas, Arthur Zhu, Yiwen Rubin, Edward M. Tinkle, Sally S. Weston, Ainsley Gordon, Terry TI Genetic determinants of sensitivity to beryllium in mice SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beryllium; chronic beryllium disease; mouse model ID MURINE STRAIN DIFFERENCES; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; MHC-CLASS-II; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; DISEASE; SENSITIZATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIGEN; EXPOSURE; EPITOPES AB Chronic beryllium disease (CBD), an irreversible, debilitating granulomatous lung disease is caused by exposure to beryllium. This occupational hazard occurs in primary production and machining of Be-metal, BeO, beryllium containing alloys, and other beryllium products. CBD begins as an MHC Class II-restricted, T(H)1 hypersensitivity, and the Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA-DPB1E(69), is associated with risk of developing CBD. Because inbred strains of mice have not provided good models of CBD to date, three strains of HLA-DPB1 transgenic mice in an FVB/N background were developed; each contains a single allele of HLA-DPB1 that confers a different magnitude of risk for chronic beryllium disease: HLA-DPB1*0401 (OR approximate to 0.2), HLA-DPB1*0201 (OR approximate to 3), and HLA-DPB1*1701 (OR approximate to 46). The mouse ear swelling test ( MEST) was employed to determine if these different alleles would support a hypersensitivity response to beryllium. Mice were first sensitized on the back and subsequently challenged on the ear. In separate experiments, mice were placed into one of three groups (sensitization/challenge): C/C, C/Be, and Be/Be. In the HLA-DPB1*1701 mice, the strain with the highest risk transgene, the Be/Be group was the only group that displayed significant maximum increased ear thickness of 19.6% +/- 3.0% over the baseline measurement (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the other transgenic strains for any treatment condition. In addition, inter-strain differences in response to beryllium in seven inbred strains were investigated through use of the MEST, these included: FVB/N, AKR, Balb/c, C3H/HeJ, C57/BL6, DBA/2, and SJL/J. The FVB/N strain was least responsive, while the SJL/J and C57/BL6 strains were the highest responders. Our results suggest that the HLA-DPB1*1701 transgene product is an important risk factor for induction of the beryllium-sensitive phenotype. This model should be a useful tool for investigating beryllium sensitization. C1 [Tarantino-Hutchison, Lauren M.; Sorrentino, Claudio; Nadas, Arthur; Gordon, Terry] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Zhu, Yiwen; Rubin, Edward M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tinkle, Sally S.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Off Director, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Weston, Ainsley] NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gordon, T (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. EM terry.gordon@nyumc.org FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63919]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ES011473] FX Department of Energy (DE-FG02-04ER63919); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES011473). NR 26 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1547-691X J9 J IMMUNOTOXICOL JI J. Immunotoxicol. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1080/15476910902977399 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 481HG UT WOS:000268797800006 PM 19589099 ER PT J AU Mirzadeh, S Woodward, J Standaert, RF Rondinone, AJ Kennel, SJ AF Mirzadeh, S. Woodward, J. Standaert, R. F. Rondinone, A. J. Kennel, S. J. TI INORGANIC NANOPARTICLE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CONJUGATES SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mirzadeh, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Woodward, J.; Rondinone, A. J.] ORNL, Div Chem Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Standaert, R. F.] ORNL, Div Life Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Kennel, S. J.] Univ TN, Grad Sch Med, Knoxville, TN USA. RI Standaert, Robert/D-9467-2013; Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013 OI Standaert, Robert/0000-0002-5684-1322; Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2009 VL 52 BP S98 EP S98 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 480HQ UT WOS:000268724900099 ER PT J AU Ponsard, B Garland, M Knapp, R Mirzadeh, S Srivastava, S Mausner, L AF Ponsard, B. Garland, M. Knapp, R. Mirzadeh, S. Srivastava, S. Mausner, L. TI PRODUCTION OF SN-117M IN THE BR2 AND HFIR RESEARCH REACTORS SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ponsard, B.] CEN SCK, Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, BR2 Reactor, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Garland, M.; Knapp, R.; Mirzadeh, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Srivastava, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Radionuclide & Radiopharmaceut Res Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2009 VL 52 BP S240 EP S240 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 480HQ UT WOS:000268724900241 ER PT J AU Schmitt, U Herth, M Lee, D Piel, M Buchholz, H Roesch, F Hiemke, C Debus, F AF Schmitt, U. Herth, M. Lee, D. Piel, M. Buchholz, H. Roesch, F. Hiemke, C. Debus, F. TI DETERMINATION OF POSSIBLE P-GLYCOPROTEIN INTERATION OF A NOVEL 5-HT2A LIGAND [18F] MH.MZ SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schmitt, U.; Hiemke, C.; Debus, F.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Upton, Germany. [Piel, M.; Roesch, F.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Chem, Upton, Germany. [Herth, M.; Buchholz, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Dept Nucl Med, Upton, Germany. [Lee, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Piel, Markus/L-8787-2016 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PY 2009 VL 52 BP S390 EP S390 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 480HQ UT WOS:000268724900391 ER PT J AU Kokubo, K Thota, S Wang, HL Chiang, LY AF Kokubo, Ken Thota, Sammaiah Wang, Hsing-Lin Chiang, Long Y. TI Structural Analysis of Novel [60]Fullerene Bisadduct Regioisomers by DFT Calculation SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fullerene functionalization; [1; 6]-addition; bisadduct; DFT calculation; 13C-NMR spectrum pattern; Cs symmetry AB The structural analysis of the first [60]fullerenyl 1,38-bisadduct having the almost perpendicular angle between two addends was performed based on the simulation of 13C-NMR spectral line patterns using the DFT calculation at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of the theory. Among seven closely related model regioisomers of C60(CH3)2 applied in the calculation, we confirmed that the 1,38-bisadduct and 1,4-bisadduct, being the most plausible regioisomers in a structure showing an approximate consistency of spectral line profiles, match with that of the experimentally obtained spectrum. C1 [Kokubo, Ken; Thota, Sammaiah; Chiang, Long Y.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Kokubo, Ken] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Div Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Wang, Hsing-Lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Spect Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kokubo, K (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Chem, Inst Nanosci & Technol, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM Ken_Kokubo@uml.edu; Long_Chiang@uml.edu OI Kokubo, Ken/0000-0002-8776-7102 FU National Institute of Health (NIH) [1R01CA137108] FX We thank Professor Takumi Oshima and Dr. Naohiko Ikuma (Osaka University) for their kind support of this visiting study in UMass Lowell. Co- authors at UML thank the financial support of National Institute of Health (NIH) under the contract number 1R01CA137108. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI A JI J. Macromol. Sci. Part A-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2009 VL 46 IS 12 BP 1176 EP 1181 AR PII 916558389 DI 10.1080/10601320903340101 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 516TT UT WOS:000271566600005 ER PT J AU Mao, K Wiench, JW Lin, VSY Pruski, M AF Mao, Kanmi Wiench, Jerzy W. Lin, Victor S. -Y. Pruski, Marek TI Indirectly detected through-bond chemical shift correlation NMR spectroscopy in solids under fast MAS: Studies of organic-inorganic hybrid materials SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Fast MAS; Indirect detection; J Coupling; INEPT; Mesoporous silica ID FUNCTIONALIZED MESOPOROUS SILICAS; HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; STATE NMR; SENSITIVITY ENHANCEMENT; SPECTRA; PROTON; INEPT AB Indirectly detected, through-bond NMR correlation spectra between C-13 and H-1 nuclei are reported for the first time in solid state. The capabilities of the new method are demonstrated using naturally abundant organic-inorganic mesoporous hybrid materials. The time performance is significantly better, almost by a factor of 10, than in the corresponding C-13 detected experiment. The proposed scheme represents a new analytical tool for studying other solid-state systems and the basis for the development of more advanced 2D and 3D correlation methods. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Mao, Kanmi; Wiench, Jerzy W.; Lin, Victor S. -Y.; Pruski, Marek] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mao, Kanmi; Lin, Victor S. -Y.; Pruski, Marek] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pruski, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mpruski@iastate.edu FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH111358]; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Corporate Strategic Research FX This research was supported at the Ames Laboratory by thDepartment of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH111358, and ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Corporate Strategic Research. NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 EI 1096-0856 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 196 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.10.010 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 397RZ UT WOS:000262681100014 PM 18955001 ER PT J AU Shao, YY Liu, J Wang, Y Lin, YH AF Shao, Yuyan Liu, Jun Wang, Yong Lin, Yuehe TI Novel catalyst support materials for PEM fuel cells: current status and future prospects SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID BORON-DOPED DIAMOND; WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; ORDERED MESOPOROUS CARBON; THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; OXYGEN-REDUCTION REACTION; PHASE TITANIUM-OXIDES; METHANOL OXIDATION; TUNGSTEN CARBIDE; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; ETHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION AB Catalyst support materials exhibit great influence on the cost, performance, and durability of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. This feature article summarizes several important kinds of novel support materials for PEM fuel cells (including direct methanol fuel cells): nanostructured carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, mesoporous carbon), conductive doped diamonds and nanodiamonds, conductive oxides (tin oxide/indium tin oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide), and carbides (tungsten carbides). The advantages and disadvantages, the acting mechanism to promote electrocatalytic performance, and the strategies to improve present catalyst support materials and search for new ones are discussed. This is expected to shed light on future development of catalyst supports for PEM fuel cells. C1 [Shao, Yuyan; Liu, Jun; Wang, Yong; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Shao, Yuyan/A-9911-2008; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 OI Shao, Yuyan/0000-0001-5735-2670; Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; FU U. S. DOE-EERE Hydrogen Program [DE-AC05-76L01830]; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). FX This work is supported by the U. S. DOE-EERE Hydrogen Program. The research was partly performed at the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76L01830. NR 224 TC 385 Z9 393 U1 25 U2 314 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 1 BP 46 EP 59 DI 10.1039/b808370c PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 406CF UT WOS:000263271900004 ER PT J AU Ko, YD Kang, JG Choi, KJ Park, JG Ahn, JP Chung, KY Nam, KW Yoon, WS Kim, DW AF Ko, Young-Dae Kang, Jin-Gu Choi, Kyung Jin Park, Jae-Gwan Ahn, Jae-Pyoung Chung, Kyung Yoon Nam, Kyung-Wan Yoon, Won-Sub Kim, Dong-Wan TI High rate capabilities induced by multi-phasic nanodomains in iron-substituted calcium cobaltite electrodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ANODE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; NEGATIVE-ELECTRODE; LI; CO3O4; COMPOSITE; PERFORMANCE; NANOWIRES; IMPEDANCE AB Two-dimensional (2-D) nanoplates of iron-substituted calcium cobaltite (Ca3Co3FeO9) are synthesized through a simple citrate-gel method. The lithium electroactivity of Ca3Co3FeO9 demonstrates that this is an applicable active anode material. In this study, we focus on the reversible conversion process and internally multi-phasic, nanostructured character occurring in Ca3Co3FeO9 nanoplates. Moreover, we demonstrate that in-situ formation of active/inactive nanocomposite improves the conversion reaction kinetics by accommodating the large volume changes during lithium uptake and removal, thereby achieving outstanding rate capabilities. C1 [Ko, Young-Dae; Kang, Jin-Gu; Choi, Kyung Jin; Park, Jae-Gwan; Kim, Dong-Wan] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Nanomat Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Ahn, Jae-Pyoung] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Anal Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Chung, Kyung Yoon] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Battery Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Nam, Kyung-Wan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yoon, Won-Sub] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Kim, DW (reprint author), Ajou Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Suwon 443749, South Korea. EM dongwan1@empal.com RI Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Kim, Dong-Wan/E-5310-2010; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Choi, Kyoung Jin/N-4662-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Choi, Kyoung Jin/D-6941-2013; Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; OI Kim, Dong-Wan/0000-0002-1635-6082; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; Park, Jae-Gwan/0000-0003-4736-0540 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 13 BP 1829 EP 1835 DI 10.1039/b817120c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 419YB UT WOS:000264254500008 ER PT J AU Lee, KS Myung, ST Amine, K YashiroB, H Sun, YK AF Lee, Ki-Soo Myung, Seung-Taek Amine, Khalil YashiroB, Hitoshi Sun, Yang-Kook TI Dual functioned BiOF-coated Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4 for lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ION SECONDARY BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING BEHAVIOR; CATHODE MATERIALS; TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCE; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE; LIMN2O4 CATHODE; SPINEL; IMPROVEMENT; DISSOLUTION; ELECTRODE AB Spinel-type lithium manganese oxides have shown considerable promise for the positive electrode in lithium batteries but have suffered from poor performance at high temperatures (40-60 degrees C). The electrochemical properties of BiOF-coated spinel Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4 at elevated temperatures (55 degrees C) were investigated. BiOF nanoparticles were well coated on spinel Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4, as confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The BiOF-coated spinel Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4 electrode had excellent capacity retention at 55 degrees C, maintaining its initial discharge capacity of 96.1% after 100 cycles. This improved cycling performance was ascribed to the presence of the BiOF layer on the spinel particles, which prevented the infiltration of HF generated by the decomposition of electrolytic salt, LiPF6, in the electrolyte. This property resulted in a considerable reduction of manganese dissolution of the BiOF-coated spinel Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4. Transmission electron microscopy of extensively cycled particles confirmed that the particle surface of the BiOF-coated Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4 remained almost completely undamaged, whereas pristine spinel particles were severely deteriorated. In the present paper, we have tried to understand the role of the BiOF coating layer and why such coatings resulted in better battery performances, using BiOF-coated Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4. The BiOF coating layer on the surface of Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4 particles can be defined as follows; the oxyfluoride layer provides a strong protecting layer against HF attack and scavenges HF, thus resulting in reducing HF from the electrolyte. Synergistically, these actions resulted in the significantly improved high temperature cycling performances exhibited by the BiOF-coated Li[Li0.1Al0.05Mn1.85]O-4. C1 [Myung, Seung-Taek; YashiroB, Hitoshi] Iwate Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. [Lee, Ki-Soo; Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Informat & Commun Mat, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Myung, ST (reprint author), Iwate Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. EM smyung@iwate-u.ac.jp; yksun@hanyang.ac.kr RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; FU Division of Advanced Batteries in NGE Program FX This work was supported by the Division of Advanced Batteries in NGE Program. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 14 BP 1995 EP 2005 DI 10.1039/b819224c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 423VQ UT WOS:000264524200009 ER PT J AU Cygan, RT Greathouse, JA Heinz, H Kalinichev, AG AF Cygan, Randall T. Greathouse, Jeffery A. Heinz, Hendrik Kalinichev, Andrey G. TI Molecular models and simulations of layered materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID DIOCTAHEDRAL 2/1 PHYLLOSILICATES; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS; 1ST PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SWELLING CLAY-MINERALS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; DOUBLE HYDROXIDES; DYNAMICS SIMULATION AB The micro- to nano-sized nature of layered materials, particularly characteristic of naturally occurring clay minerals, limits our ability to fully interrogate their atomic dispositions and crystal structures. The low symmetry, multicomponent compositions, defects, and disorder phenomena of clays and related phases necessitate the use of molecular models and modern simulation methods. Computational chemistry tools based on classical force fields and quantum-chemical methods of electronic structure calculations provide a practical approach to evaluate structure and dynamics of the materials on an atomic scale. Combined with classical energy minimization, molecular dynamics, and Monte Carlo techniques, quantum methods provide accurate models of layered materials such as clay minerals, layered double hydroxides, and clay-polymer nanocomposites. C1 [Cygan, Randall T.; Greathouse, Jeffery A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Heinz, Hendrik] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Kalinichev, Andrey G.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Cygan, RT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rtcygan@sandia.gov; hendrik.heinz@uakron.edu; kalinich@chemistry.msu.edu RI Kalinichev, Andrey/B-4519-2008; Heinz, Hendrik/E-3866-2010 OI Kalinichev, Andrey/0000-0003-0743-4242; Heinz, Hendrik/0000-0002-6776-7404 FU U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Geosciences Research received through the Sandia contract and university grants [DE-FG02-00ER-15028, DE-FG02-08ER-15929]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; University of Akron; Ohio Supercomputing Center; ETH Zurich; U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX We are grateful for support from the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Research received through the Sandia contract and university grants DE-FG02-00ER-15028 and DE-FG02-08ER-15929. We also appreciate support from the Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, the University of Akron, the Ohio Supercomputing Center, and ETH Zurich. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 140 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 11 U2 101 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 17 BP 2470 EP 2481 DI 10.1039/b819076c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 432UO UT WOS:000265159900003 ER PT J AU Chernova, NA Roppolo, M Dillon, AC Whittingham, MS AF Chernova, Natasha A. Roppolo, Megan Dillon, Anne C. Whittingham, M. Stanley TI Layered vanadium and molybdenum oxides: batteries and electrochromics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; MOO3 THIN-FILMS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LI-ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; X-RAY; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AB The layered oxides of vanadium and molybdenum have been studied for close to 40 years as possible cathode materials for lithium batteries or electrochromic systems. The highly distorted metal octahedra naturally lead to the formation of a wide range of layer structures, which can intercalate lithium levels exceeding 300 Ah/kg. They have found continuing success in medical devices, such as pacemakers, but many challenges remain in their application in long-lived rechargeable devices. Their high-energy storage capability remains an encouragement to researchers to resolve the stability concerns of vanadium dissolution and the tendency of lithium and vanadium to mix changing the crystal structure on cycling the lithium in and out. Nanomorphologies have enabled higher reactivities to be obtained for both vanadium and molybdenum oxides, and with the latter show promise for electrochromic displays. C1 [Chernova, Natasha A.; Roppolo, Megan; Whittingham, M. Stanley] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Whittingham, MS (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM stanwhit@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0705657]; U.S.Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX We thank the National Science Foundation, through grant DMR-0705657, and the U.S.Department of Energy, through the BATT program at LBNL, for support of the work at Binghamton. A. C. Dillon would like to thank Leah Riley of NREL for supplying figures. The NREL work was funded by the U. S. Department of Energy under subcontract number DE-AC36-08GO28308 through: DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of the Vehicle Technologies Program and the Office of Building Technologies Program. NR 257 TC 347 Z9 352 U1 41 U2 370 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 17 BP 2526 EP 2552 DI 10.1039/b819629j PG 27 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 432UO UT WOS:000265159900008 ER PT J AU Ding, ZF Bux, SK King, DJ Chang, FL Chen, TH Huang, SC Kaner, RB AF Ding, Zhongfen Bux, Sabah K. King, Daniel J. Chang, Feng L. Chen, Tai-Hao Huang, Shu-Chuan Kaner, Richard B. TI Lithium intercalation and exfoliation of layered bismuth selenide and bismuth telluride SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SILICON NANOWIRES; FIGURE; MERIT AB Alloys of bismuth telluride (Bi(2)Te(3)) are commonly used in thermoelectric devices. These materials possess a hexagonal layered structure comprised of five atom thick stacks of Te-Bi-Te-Bi-Te held together by weak van der Waals forces. Lithium cations can be intercalated between the layers using the reducing power of solvated electrons in liquid ammonia. After intercalation, lithium can be removed by exfoliation to create a stable colloidal suspension of thin sheets of Bi(2)Te(3) or Bi(2)Se(3) in water. Zeta potential measurements indicate that the colloids are charge stabilized. These colloidal suspensions can be deposited onto a variety of substrates to create two-dimensional thin films. Atomic force microscopy indicates that initially individual layers are deposited. The films are partially oriented as observed using X-ray powder diffraction. Annealing at temperatures as low as 85 degrees C can produce highly oriented films. Thus intercalation, exfoliation and deposition from a charge-stabilized colloid can provide a scalable process for synthesizing bulk quantities of nanostructured thermoelectric materials. C1 [Chang, Feng L.; Chen, Tai-Hao; Huang, Shu-Chuan] Natl Dong Hwan Univ, Dept Chem, Shoufeng 97401, Hualien, Taiwan. [Ding, Zhongfen] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bux, Sabah K.; King, Daniel J.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bux, Sabah K.; King, Daniel J.; Kaner, Richard B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Huang, SC (reprint author), Natl Dong Hwan Univ, Dept Chem, 1 Sec 2,Hsueh Rd, Shoufeng 97401, Hualien, Taiwan. EM zding@lanl.gov; schuang@mail.ndhu.edu.tw; kaner@chem.ucla.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0453121]; IGERT Fellowships [DGE-0114443, DGE-0654431]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech [1308818] FX The authors are grateful for support from the National Science Foundation: DMR-0453121 (RBK) and IGERT Fellowships DGE-0114443 and DGE-0654431 (SKB and DJK); and a thermoelectrics subcontract from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech-1308818. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 7 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 17 BP 2588 EP 2592 DI 10.1039/b820226e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 432UO UT WOS:000265159900013 ER PT J AU Feng, GX Li, LF Liu, JY Liu, N Li, H Yang, XQ Huang, XJ Chen, LQ Nam, KW Yoon, WS AF Feng, G. X. Li, L. F. Liu, J. Y. Liu, N. Li, H. Yang, X. Q. Huang, X. J. Chen, L. Q. Nam, K. W. Yoon, W. S. TI Enhanced electrochemical lithium storage activity of LiCrO2 by size effect SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE CATHODE MATERIALS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ION BATTERIES; CHROMIUM-OXIDE; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; MANGANESE; LICOO2; CELLS; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR AB Cr8O21 was chemically lithiated using a lithium-biphenyl-dimethoxyethane solution. Lithiated Cr8O21 shows a structure in which as-formed LiCrO2 units are sandwiched between Cr2O3 superlattice layers. Chemically lithiated Cr8O21 shows a delithiation capacity of 200 mAh g(-1). It means that LiCrO2 units in lithiated Cr8O21 are electrochemically active. This finding is opposite to previous reports that LiCrO2 materials have very poor Li-storage capacities. Our new result implies that LiCrO2 with extremely small domain size could show enhanced reactivity. This proposal is proved unambiguously by the fact that LiCrO2 powder materials with smaller grain size (<20 nm) show much higher capacities than LiCrO2 materials with larger grain size (>50 nm). In addition, it is found that the cation mixing is more significantly in LiCrO2 materials with smaller grain size, which seems a key factor for the storage and transport of lithium in layered Cr-based materials. The cation mixing may also explain the result that the lattice parameters of LiCrO2 do not change significantly upon lithium extraction and insertion, investigated by in situ and ex situ XRD techniques. C1 [Feng, G. X.; Li, L. F.; Liu, J. Y.; Liu, N.; Li, H.; Huang, X. J.; Chen, L. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Yang, X. Q.; Nam, K. W.; Yoon, W. S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM hli@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Li, Hong/C-4643-2008; Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015 OI Li, Hong/0000-0002-8659-086X; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369 FU Nature Scientific Foundation of China [50730005, 60621061]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX The work in CAS was supported by Nature Scientific Foundation of China (50730005, 60621061) and "863'' project (2006AA03Z228). The work at BNL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under the program of "Hybrid and Electric Systems'', of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DEAC02-98CH10886. Prof. H. Li thanks financial support of CAS for senior visiting scholar program. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 55 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 19 BP 2993 EP 2998 DI 10.1039/b817624h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 443OJ UT WOS:000265919300017 ER PT J AU Worsley, MA Kucheyev, SO Kuntz, JD Hamza, AV Satcher, JH Baumann, TF AF Worsley, Marcus A. Kucheyev, Sergei O. Kuntz, Joshua D. Hamza, Alex V. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Baumann, Theodore F. TI Stiff and electrically conductive composites of carbon nanotube aerogels and polymers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOCOMPOSITES; TECHNOLOGY; DISPERSION; FILLERS; WATER AB Many challenges remain in the effort to realize the exceptional mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes in composite materials. Here, we report on highly electrically conductive and mechanically stiff composites of polymers and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Conductive SWNT-based nanofoams (aerogels) are used as scaffolds to create polymer [poly(dimethylsiloxane)] composites. The resulting composites possess electrical conductivities over 1 S cm(-1) and exhibit an similar to 300% increase in the elastic modulus with as little as 1 vol% nanotube content. C1 [Worsley, Marcus A.; Kucheyev, Sergei O.; Kuntz, Joshua D.; Hamza, Alex V.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.; Baumann, Theodore F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Worsley, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM worsley1@llnl.gov RI Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014 OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [AC52-07NA27344]; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 21 BP 3370 EP 3372 DI 10.1039/b905735h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 448NM UT WOS:000266269300006 ER PT J AU Yu, JG Devanathan, R Weber, WJ AF Yu, Jianguo Devanathan, Ram Weber, William J. TI Unified interatomic potential for zircon, zirconia and silica systems SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; HIGH-PRESSURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; ZRSIO4; PHASE; TRANSITION; MANTLE; DAMAGE AB We report the development of a unified force field with high transferability and reliability to model both structures and mechanical properties of ZrSiO4, ZrO2 and SiO2 based on the success of the BKS potential for SiO2 1 (van Beest et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990, 64, 1955). The thermal expansion, relative stability and phase transition properties are consistent with experimental data and DFT calculations. The zircon to reidite transition pressure is 6.7 GPa. Amorphization of zircon results in volume expansion of 11% and decrease in the bulk modulus of 60%. Si polymerization and Zr under-coordination were observed in amorphous ZrSiO4 and in the damage produced by a 10 keV Zr recoil in crystalline ZrSiO4. The upper limit of stored energy in amorphous ZrSiO4 is 140 kJ/mol. C1 [Yu, Jianguo; Devanathan, Ram; Weber, William J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K8-87,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; Yu, Jianguo/C-3424-2013 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; Yu, Jianguo/0000-0001-5604-8132 FU Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; MSCF in EMSL FX This work was funded by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. The computations were performed using resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U. S. Department of Energy, and the MSCF in EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE, OBER and located at PNNL. JY was partly supported by a DOE BES Computational Materials Science Network Cooperative Research Team grant. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 23 BP 3923 EP 3930 DI 10.1039/b902767j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 453MX UT WOS:000266615800017 ER PT J AU Deng, HX Belharouak, I Sun, YK Amine, K AF Deng, Haixia Belharouak, Ilias Sun, Yang-Kook Amine, Khalil TI LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy (0.5 <= x <= 2, 2 <= y <= 2.75) compounds for high-energy lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CATHODE MATERIALS; SECONDARY BATTERIES; HIGH-POWER; LI; ELECTRODES; CELLS; RAY; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; R(3)OVER-BAR-M; CAPACITY AB Manganese-rich and cobalt-free compounds of LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy (0.5 <= x <= 2, 2 <= y <= 2.75) were investigated as the positive electrode materials for high energy lithium-ion batteries. Compounds with x 0.5, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 were prepared by a solid-state reaction from the same carbonate precursor, Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3, with an appropriate amount of Li2CO3. The structural and physical characteristics of these phases were determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. With an increase of the lithium content, the LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy evolved from a spinel (Fd (3) over barm) structure (x = 0.5) to a mixed spinel-layered (Fd (3) over barm and C2/c) structure (x = 1 and 1.25), to a more layered (R (3) over barm and C2/c) structure (x = 1.5 and 2). A similar structural trend was found for samples prepared from NiMn2O4-Mn2O3 mixed oxide, itself prepared by thermal decomposition of Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3 carbonate precursor, to which appropriate amounts of Li2CO3 were added. An increase of the lithium content also affected the size of the primary particles and the roughness of the secondary particles, without any substantial change of their spherical morphology and packing densities. Further results showed that the electrochemical performance and safety characteristics of the LixNi0.25Mn0.75Oy materials were primarily governed by their structures. C1 [Deng, Haixia; Belharouak, Ilias; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Informat & Commun Mat, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Belharouak, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM belharouak@anl.gov RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 FU US Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office FX This research was funded by the US Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office. NR 31 TC 90 Z9 95 U1 7 U2 78 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 26 BP 4510 EP 4516 DI 10.1039/b904098f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 463NS UT WOS:000267439500008 ER PT J AU Lloyd, MT Prasankumar, RP Sinclair, MB Mayer, AC Olson, DC Hsu, JWP AF Lloyd, Matthew T. Prasankumar, Rohit P. Sinclair, Michael B. Mayer, Alex C. Olson, Dana C. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Impact of interfacial polymer morphology on photoexcitation dynamics and device performance in P3HT/ZnO heterojunctions SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYBRID SOLAR-CELLS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; ZNO NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; POLYTHIOPHENE; GENERATION; FILMS; TIO2 AB To understand the critical factor(s) that influence short-circuit current in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/ZnO solar cells, we investigate the morphology of the interfacial polymer layer and the photoexcitation dynamics in the picosecond regime. Thin (similar to 6 nm) films of P3HT deposited on bare ZnO and ZnO modified with an alkanethiol monolayer are used as model systems for the heterojunction interface. Results are compared with thin P3HT films on glass for the behavior of the polymer alone. Synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray diffraction spectra of P3HT thin films deposited on glass and on an alkanethiol-modified ZnO surface identify a crystalline P3HT interfacial layer, while an amorphous interfacial layer of P3HT is found on unmodified ZnO. To investigate the decay dynamics of initial photoexcited states, the samples are interrogated by pump-probe spectroscopy with sub-picosecond time resolution. Compared to P3HT/ZnO composite films, the decay behavior for both polarons and excitons over a 500 ps time interval becomes significantly slower with alkanethiol modification, indicating a reduction in early-stage charge recombination. These experiments demonstrate how the interfacial polymer morphology has a critical role in determining device performance. C1 [Lloyd, Matthew T.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Olson, Dana C.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Prasankumar, Rohit P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mayer, Alex C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lloyd, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mtlloyd@sandia.gov FU Sandia LDRD program; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are grateful Y.-J. Lee for the preparation of substrates for GIXD measurements. This work was performed in part at the US Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. The work was supported by the Sandia LDRD program. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 26 BP 4609 EP 4614 DI 10.1039/b903849c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 463NS UT WOS:000267439500021 ER PT J AU Proffen, T Kim, H AF Proffen, Thomas Kim, Hyunjeong TI Advances in total scattering analysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; REVERSE MONTE-CARLO; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIAL; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; POWDER DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PHONON-GLASS; CRYSTALLINE AB In recent years the analysis of the total scattering pattern has become an invaluable tool to study disordered crystalline and nanocrystalline materials. Traditional crystallographic structure determination is based on Bragg intensities and yields the long range average atomic structure. By including diffuse scattering into the analysis, the local and medium range atomic structure can be unravelled. Here we give an overview of recent experimental advances, using X-rays as well as neutron scattering as well as current trends in modelling of total scattering data. C1 [Proffen, Thomas; Kim, Hyunjeong] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Proffen, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tproffen@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009 OI Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031 FU NPDF; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396, W-31-109-Eng-38, W-7405-Eng-82]; NSF [DMR 00-76488] FX This work has benefited from the use of NPDF at the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The upgrade of NPDF has been funded by NSF through grant DMR 00-76488. We made use of APS facilities, which are supported by the U. S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. The MUCAT sector at the APS is supported by the U. S. DOE, Office of Science, under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-82. NR 49 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 29 BP 5078 EP 5088 DI 10.1039/b821178g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 470NH UT WOS:000267981100002 ER PT J AU Rupert, BL Mitchell, WJ Ferguson, AJ Kose, ME Rance, WL Rumbles, G Ginley, DS Shaheen, SE Kopidakis, N AF Rupert, Benjamin L. Mitchell, William J. Ferguson, Andrew J. Koese, Muhammet E. Rance, William L. Rumbles, Garry Ginley, David S. Shaheen, Sean E. Kopidakis, Nikos TI Low-bandgap thiophene dendrimers for improved light harvesting SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EMITTING-DIODES; SOLAR-CELLS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; OLIGOTHIOPHENES; CHEMISTRY; TRANSPORT; MOBILITY; POLY(3-ALKYLTHIOPHENES) AB This article follows our previous work on the synthesis and characterization of pi-conjugated dendrimers for use in organic solar cells. Here we discuss five new thiophene-based dendrimers that were synthesized in order to study the relationship between their chemical structures and electronic properties. Three of these dendrimers incorporate acetylene spacers, included to relieve steric strain, between the thiophene arms and phenyl cores used in previous studies. Only a small effect on the electronic properties is observed upon inclusion of the acetylene spacer in the three-arm dendrimer, 3G1-2S-Ac. In contrast, a decrease in the bandgap is observed for the four-arm dendrimer, 4G1-2S-Ac, due to a reduction of interactions between the arms in the more sterically congested 1,2,4,5-arrangement around the phenyl core, resulting in delocalization of the exciton through the phenyl core. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing cyano groups on the phenyl core of the three-arm dendrimer, 3G1-2S-CN, resulted in a very large (similar to 0.5 eV) decrease in the bandgap, due to stabilization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and the low energy absorption band in this material is attributed to a transition with significant intramolecular charge-transfer character. The electronic properties of three-and four-arm dendrimers with electron-donating dibutylaniline moieties attached to the end of the thiophene dendron, 3G1-2S-N and 4G1-2S-N respectively, are almost identical, indicating that they are dominated by the arms, with no through-core communication allowed, even for the para-linked arms of 4G1-2S-N. However, there is a significant increase in the molar absorptivity of these materials, concomitant with significant broadening of the absorption spectrum, which is an important attribute in light-harvesting applications. C1 [Rupert, Benjamin L.; Mitchell, William J.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Koese, Muhammet E.; Rance, William L.; Rumbles, Garry; Ginley, David S.; Shaheen, Sean E.; Kopidakis, Nikos] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rupert, BL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM benjamin_rupert@nrel.gov RI Rupert, Benjamin/E-1694-2011; Kose, Muhammet/C-7167-2012; Shaheen, Sean/M-7893-2013; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462; Ferguson, Andrew/0000-0003-2544-1753 FU NREL LDRD; Xcel Energy Renewable Development Fund; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The authors thank Robert Brown and Shuji Kato at the University of Colorado for help with MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI measurements. Support of this work by the NREL LDRD program and the Xcel Energy Renewable Development Fund is gratefully acknowledged. A. J. F. and G. R. were funded by the Photochemistry and Radiation Research program of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL. NR 50 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 30 BP 5311 EP 5324 DI 10.1039/b903427g PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 474ED UT WOS:000268264400006 ER PT J AU Worsley, MA Kuntz, JD Pauzauskie, PJ Cervantes, O Zaug, JM Gash, AE Satcher, JH Baumann, TF AF Worsley, Marcus A. Kuntz, Joshua D. Pauzauskie, Peter J. Cervantes, Octavio Zaug, Joseph M. Gash, Alex E. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Baumann, Theodore F. TI High surface area carbon nanotube-supported titanium carbonitride aerogels SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; NITRIDE CATALYST; CARBIDE NANORODS; METAL NITRIDE; ANATASE TIO2; NANOWIRES; NANOCOMPOSITES; NITROGEN; NANOPARTICLES AB In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a high surface area titanium carbonitride aerogel are presented. The aerogels were made by the carbothermal reduction of a titania-coated carbon nanotube-based foam under flowing nitrogen at 1400 degrees C. The resulting monoliths consisted of titanium carbonitride (TiC(1-x)N(x), x = 0.95) nanocrystals supported by the nanotubes and exhibited surface areas in excess of 250 m(2)/g. C1 [Worsley, Marcus A.; Kuntz, Joshua D.; Pauzauskie, Peter J.; Cervantes, Octavio; Zaug, Joseph M.; Gash, Alex E.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.; Baumann, Theodore F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Worsley, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM worsley1@llnl.gov RI Pauzauskie, Peter/A-1316-2014; Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014 OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727 FU U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [AC52-07NA27344]; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 31 BP 5503 EP 5506 DI 10.1039/b908284k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 476KN UT WOS:000268439300005 ER PT J AU Schoen, DT Meister, S Peng, HL Chan, C Yang, Y Cui, Y AF Schoen, David T. Meister, Stefan Peng, Hailin Chan, Candace Yang, Yuan Cui, Yi TI Phase transformations in one-dimensional materials: applications in electronics and energy sciences SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SILICON NANOWIRES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; CATION-EXCHANGE; MELTING-POINT; HIGH-PRESSURE; ANODES; PERFORMANCE AB Phase transformations at the nanoscale display interesting and important differences from those which occur in the bulk of most materials systems. These differences occur in a large variety of transformations, including melting, solid state phase transformation, chemical ordering and disordering, and chemical and electrochemical transformations. They arise from both the thermodynamic contribution of surface energy as well as the kinetic influence of small diffusion distances. These changes in the energetics and dynamics of transformation can prove important for a variety of technologies, including energy storage, energy conversion, and information technologies. C1 [Schoen, David T.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chan, Candace; Yang, Yuan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Peng, Hailin] Peking Univ, Coll Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chan, Candace] Rice Univ, Nobel Laureate Rick Smalleys Grp, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Chan, Candace] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chan, Candace] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Schoen, DT (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Peng, Hailin/F-1497-2010; Cui, Yi/L-5804-2013 OI Cui, Yi/0000-0002-6103-6352 NR 75 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 33 BP 5879 EP 5890 DI 10.1039/b820624d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 482KD UT WOS:000268885900002 ER PT J AU Wu, G Cui, GF Li, DY Shen, PK Li, N AF Wu, Gang Cui, Guofeng Li, Deyu Shen, Pei-Kang Li, Ning TI Carbon-supported Co1.67Te2 nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NONPRECIOUS METAL-CATALYSTS; ANIONIC POLYMERIC BONDS; ALCOHOL FUEL-CELLS; METHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; MODEL CATALYSTS; DOPED CARBON; THIN-FILMS; ELECTROREDUCTION; KINETICS AB Well-dispersed Co1.67Te2 nanoparticles supported on carbon black have been synthesized via a solid-state reaction using Co and Te precursors in an autoclave at elevated temperatures. Their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and selectivity as a function of heating temperatures in catalyst synthesis were evaluated by rotating disk (RDE) and ring-disk electrodes (RRDE). It was found that the best performing catalyst (CoTe/C-900) was synthesized at a temperature of 900 degrees C, with regard to the most positive RDE onset (-0.18 V vs Ag/AgCl) and half-wave potentials (-0.35 V vs Ag/AgCl) as well as the lowest peroxide yield (ca. 5%) in alkaline solution (0.1 M KOH, pH = 13). Meanwhile, well-defined limiting currents were reached in the mass transfer-controlled potential range at various rotating speeds, attesting to the high density and uniform distribution of ORR active sites on the catalyst. The average electron transfer number of ORR was determined to be 3.5 for the CoTe/C-900 catalyst by using a modified Koutecky-Levich equation, nearly providing a four-electron pathway for the ORR. A transition of the Tafel slope from ca. -60 mV/dec to ca. -120 mV/dec with overpotential is directly associated with oxide formation and their coverage variation onto catalysts, suggesting a change of the rate-determining step in the ORR mechanism from intermediate-migration to charge-transfer. Extensive physical characterizations including X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted for each CoTe/C sample prepared at various heating temperatures to provide insights into the origins of active sites, and Co1.67Te2 chalcogenide nanoparticles supported on carbon were found to be highly active toward ORR in alkaline electrolytes. C1 [Wu, Gang; Li, Deyu; Li, Ning] Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Cui, Guofeng; Shen, Pei-Kang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wu, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wugang@lanl.gov RI Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010; Shen, Pei Kang/O-2004-2013 OI Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208; FU Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2004035300]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50801070]; Plant Nursery Projects of Guangdong Province FX The authors acknowledge the financial support of this work from the Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2004035300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50801070), and the Plant Nursery Projects of Guangdong Province. NR 64 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 73 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 36 BP 6581 EP 6589 DI 10.1039/b903216a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 490IH UT WOS:000269493600020 ER PT J AU Roberts, ME Wheeler, DR McKenzie, BB Bunker, BC AF Roberts, Mark E. Wheeler, David R. McKenzie, Bonnie B. Bunker, Bruce C. TI High specific capacitance conducting polymer supercapacitor electrodes based on poly(tris(thiophenylphenyl)amine) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ULTRACAPACITORS; POLYANILINE; STORAGE AB Supercapacitors have emerged as attractive energy storage devices for systems requiring rapid charge-discharge cycles and high power densities. Progress in conducting polymer research for this application has shown tremendous promise due to the polymers' tendency to form highly porous films and exhibit reversible redox activity. In this Communication, we present a new triarylamine-thiophene hybrid conducting polymer for charge storage, poly(tris(4-(thio-phen2-yl)phenyl)amine) (pTTPA), which can be electrochemically deposited into highly porous films or templated nanotubular structures. pTTPA represents the first dendritic polymeric material incorporated in supercapacitor electrodes yielding a remarkably high peak capacitance of 950 +/- 49 F/g in 100 mM tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile. Our versatile platform design opens the door to new synthetic opportunities for electrical energy storage polymers. C1 [Roberts, Mark E.; Wheeler, David R.; McKenzie, Bonnie B.; Bunker, Bruce C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roberts, ME (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mrober@sandia.gov RI Roberts, Mark/H-9865-2016 OI Roberts, Mark/0000-0001-5971-6650 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge the Sandia National Laboratories' Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 38 BP 6977 EP 6979 DI 10.1039/b916666a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 498DD UT WOS:000270116000005 ER PT J AU Worsley, MA Kuntz, JD Cervantes, O Han, TYJ Gash, AE Satcher, JH Baumann, TF AF Worsley, Marcus A. Kuntz, Joshua D. Cervantes, Octavio Han, T. Yong-Jin Gash, Alex E. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. Baumann, Theodore F. TI Route to high surface area TiO2/C and TiCN/C composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; ACTIVATED CARBON; ANATASE TIO2; METAL-OXIDES; PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION; NITRIDE; NITROGEN; CARBIDE; NANOCOMPOSITES AB In this study, the synthesis and characterization of high surface area carbon-supported titania and titanium carbonitride aerogels is presented. An activated carbon aerogel with surface area greater than 2000 m(2) g(-1) was used as a support for the sol-gel deposition of titania. The resulting titania-coated carbon aerogel retained a surface area greater than 2000 m(2) g(-1) even after conversion to the anatase crystalline phase. The carbon-supported titanium carbonitride aerogel was made by the carbothermal reduction of the titania-coated carbon aerogel under flowing nitrogen at 1400 degrees C. The resulting monolith consisted of nitrogen-rich titanium carbonitride (TiC1-xNx, x = 0.90) nanocrystals and exhibited a surface area of 1838 m(2) g(-1). C1 [Worsley, Marcus A.; Kuntz, Joshua D.; Cervantes, Octavio; Han, T. Yong-Jin; Gash, Alex E.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.; Baumann, Theodore F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Worsley, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM worsley1@llnl.gov RI Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014 OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727 FU DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and funded by the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 38 BP 7146 EP 7150 DI 10.1039/b911994a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 498DD UT WOS:000270116000030 ER PT J AU Mondal, R Ko, S Norton, JE Miyaki, N Becerril, HA Verploegen, E Toney, MF Bredas, JL McGehee, MD Bao, ZN AF Mondal, Rajib Ko, Sangwon Norton, Joseph E. Miyaki, Nobuyuki Becerril, Hector A. Verploegen, Eric Toney, Michael F. Bredas, Jean-Luc McGehee, Michael D. Bao, Zhenan TI Molecular design for improved photovoltaic efficiency: band gap and absorption coefficient engineering SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; ALTERNATING POLYFLUORENE COPOLYMER; CONJUGATED POLYMER; PERFORMANCE AB Removing the adjacent thiophene groups around the acceptor core in low band gap polymers significantly enhances solar cell efficiency through increasing the optical absorption and raising the ionization potential of the polymer. C1 [Mondal, Rajib; Ko, Sangwon; Miyaki, Nobuyuki; Becerril, Hector A.; Verploegen, Eric; Bao, Zhenan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [McGehee, Michael D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Verploegen, Eric; Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Norton, Joseph E.; Bredas, Jean-Luc] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Norton, Joseph E.; Bredas, Jean-Luc] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Organ Photon & Elect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bao, ZN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zbao@stanford.edu RI Bredas, Jean-Luc/A-3431-2008 OI Bredas, Jean-Luc/0000-0001-7278-4471 FU Center for AdvancedMolecular Photovoltaics [KUS-C1015-21]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Global Climate and Energy Program (GCEP); Stanford Center for Polymer Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies (CPIMA) FX This publication was partially based on work supported by the Center for AdvancedMolecular Photovoltaics, Award No KUS-C1015-21, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). We also acknowledge support from the Global Climate and Energy Program (GCEP) and the Stanford Center for Polymer Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies (CPIMA). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. R. M. thanks Jack E. Parmer, George Margulis, and Eric Hoke for their help. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 39 BP 7195 EP 7197 DI 10.1039/b915222a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 501LC UT WOS:000270382400004 ER PT J AU Lloyd, MT Olson, DC Lu, P Fang, E Moore, DL White, MS Reese, MO Ginley, DS Hsu, JWP AF Lloyd, Matthew T. Olson, Dana C. Lu, Ping Fang, Erica Moore, Diana L. White, Matthew S. Reese, Matthew O. Ginley, David S. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Impact of contact evolution on the shelf life of organic solar cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMER PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; MEH-PPV; DEGRADATION; DEVICES; ZNO; AIR; POLY(P-PHENYLENEVINYLENE); POLYTHIOPHENE; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY AB For organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to become a truly viable technology, it is critical to correctly identify their degradation mechanism(s) and pave the way for strategies to improve device lifetime. Changes in the active organic component are often cited as the leading degradation pathway in OPVs. In this shelf life study, we monitor device performance after storage in the dark at ambient conditions to show that decay behavior is dominated by changes at the top metal electrode and/or the metal-organic interface. Cross-sectional TEM reveals extensive void formation to be the primary degradation mechanism for Ca/Al contacts. Kelvin probe measurements show the work function of Ag contacts increases over time, consistent with silver oxide formation detected by TOF-SIMS depth profiles. The evolution of the work function is found to be advantageous for Ag as a hole-extracting contact, but unsuitable for electron-extraction. The combination of Ag positive contacts (to collect holes) and ITO/ZnO negative contacts (to collect electrons) yields devices that are stable up to one year when stored in ambient conditions. C1 [Lloyd, Matthew T.; Lu, Ping; Fang, Erica; Moore, Diana L.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Olson, Dana C.; White, Matthew S.; Reese, Matthew O.; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lloyd, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1415, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mtlloyd@sandia.gov RI White, Matthew/B-3405-2013 OI White, Matthew/0000-0001-6719-790X FU Sandia LDRD; AOP PV Program through the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Department of Energy (DOE); United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors wish to thank J. Berry, Y.-J. Lee, R. J. Davis, and M. Brumbach for fruitful discussion. We also acknowledge William O. Wallace for collection of the Auger depth profiles, James A. Ohlhausen for TOF-SIMS profiles, and Michael J. Rye for performing FIB cross-sections. The work is supported by Sandia LDRD program, and by funding from the AOP PV Program through the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Department of Energy (DOE). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 27 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 41 BP 7638 EP 7642 DI 10.1039/b910213b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 506SG UT WOS:000270795600009 ER PT J AU Zhou, YK Pasquarelli, R Holme, T Berry, J Ginley, D O'Hayre, R AF Zhou, Yingke Pasquarelli, Robert Holme, Timothy Berry, Joe Ginley, David O'Hayre, Ryan TI Improving PEM fuel cell catalyst activity and durability using nitrogen-doped carbon supports: observations from model Pt/HOPG systems SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHANOL OXIDATION; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; ACID ELECTROLYTE; CNX NANOTUBES; GRAPHITE; ELECTROOXIDATION; FUNCTIONALITY AB This study presents clear and compelling experimental evidence for the significant beneficial effects of nitrogen-doping on the activity of Pt/C catalyst systems for the methanol oxidation reaction. This evidence is obtained through the deployment of geometrically well-defined model catalytic systems consisting of tunable assemblies of Pt catalyst nanoparticles deposited onto undoped, Ar-doped, and N-doped highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrates. Both Ar- and N-doping were achieved via ion beam implantation, and Pt was electrodeposited from solutions of H(2)PtCl(6) in aqueous HClO(4). Morphology from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and aqueous electrochemical analysis of catalytic activity was utilized to examine the effect of N-doping compared to the undoped and Ar- doped control samples. The results strongly support the theory that doping nitrogen into a graphite support significantly affects both the morphology and the behavior of the overlying Pt nanoparticles. In particular, nitrogen-doping was observed to cause a significant decrease in the average Pt nanoparticle size, an increase in the Pt nanoparticle dispersion, and a significant increase in catalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation. The model catalytic systems demonstrated here represent a versatile platform to study catalyst-support interactions in electrocatalytically relevant nanoparticle systems. C1 [Zhou, Yingke; Pasquarelli, Robert; O'Hayre, Ryan] Colorado Sch Mines Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Holme, Timothy] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Berry, Joe; Ginley, David] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP O'Hayre, R (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines Met & Mat Engn, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rohayre@mines.edu RI O'Hayre, Ryan/A-8183-2009 FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-07-1-0258]; Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund; AFOSR [FA9550-08-1-0007] FX This work is supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under grant # W911NF-07-1-0258. The authors greatly thank John Chandler at the Electron Microscopy Laboratory of CSM for his assistances with SEM imaging, Prof. Tim Ohno and Prof. Reuben Collins at the Physics Department of CSM for XPS and contact angle measurements. Special appreciation goes to Joshua Southworth, Breanna Alexander, Thomas Cochell, and Amanda Catalano for their work in developing the image analysis protocol. Acknowledgement is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research. Partial support for this work is also provided by the AFOSR under grant # FA9550-08-1-0007. NR 33 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 42 BP 7830 EP 7838 DI 10.1039/b910924b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 508OG UT WOS:000270942100005 ER PT J AU Lee, J Na, HB Kim, BC Lee, JH Lee, B Kwak, JH Hwang, Y Park, JG Gu, MB Kim, J Joo, J Shin, CH Grate, JW Hyeon, T Kim, J AF Lee, Jinwoo Na, Hyon Bin Kim, Byoung Chan Lee, Jin Hyung Lee, Byoungsoo Kwak, Ja Hun Hwang, Yosun Park, Je-Geun Gu, Man Bock Kim, Jaeyun Joo, Jin Shin, Chae-Ho Grate, Jay W. Hyeon, Taeghwan Kim, Jungbae TI Magnetically-separable and highly-stable enzyme system based on crosslinked enzyme aggregates shipped in magnetite-coated mesoporous silica SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MESOCELLULAR CARBON FOAM; A-BOTTLE SYNTHESIS; POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; IMMOBILIZATION; STABILIZATION; FABRICATION; UNIFORM; WATER AB A magnetically-separable and highly-stable enzyme system was developed by adsorption of enzymes in superparamagnetic hierarchically ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica (M-HMMS) and subsequent enzyme crosslinking. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles were homogeneously incorporated into hierarchically-ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica (HMMS) by the decomposition of a preformed iron propionate complex. The size of the incorporated superparamagnetic nanoparticles was around 5 nm, generating a magnetically separable host with high pore volumes and large pores (M-HMMS). alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) was adsorbed into M-HMMS with high loading (similar to 30 wt%) in less than 30 minutes. Glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment of adsorbed CT resulted in nanometer scale crosslinked enzyme aggregates in M-HMMS (CLEA-M). The activity of these CT aggregates in M-HMMS (CLEA-M-CT) was 34 times than that of simply adsorbed CT in M-HMMS, due to an effective prevention of enzyme leaching during washing via a ship-in-a-bottle approach. CLEA-M-CT maintained the initial activity not only under shaking (250 rpm) for 30 days, but also under recycled uses of 35 times. The same approach was employed for the synthesis of CLEA-M of lipase (CLEA-M-LP), and proven to be effective in improving the loading, activity, and stability of enzyme when compared to those of adsorbed LP in M-HMMS. C1 [Na, Hyon Bin; Kim, Jaeyun; Joo, Jin; Hyeon, Taeghwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat, Ctr Oxide Nanocrystalline Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Na, Hyon Bin; Kim, Jaeyun; Joo, Jin; Hyeon, Taeghwan] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Lee, Jinwoo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Kyungbuk 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Byoung Chan] Inst Pasteur Korea, Songnam 463400, Gyeonggi Do, South Korea. [Lee, Jin Hyung] KICET, Seoul 153801, South Korea. [Lee, Byoungsoo; Kim, Jungbae] Korea Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Kwak, Ja Hun; Grate, Jay W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hwang, Yosun; Park, Je-Geun] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Gu, Man Bock] Korea Univ, Coll Life Sci & Biotechnol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Shin, Chae-Ho] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chonju 360763, Chungbuk, South Korea. RP Hyeon, T (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Creat Res Initiat, Ctr Oxide Nanocrystalline Mat, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM jinwoo03@postech.ac.kr; thyeon@plaza.snu.ac.kr; jbkim3@korea.ac.kr RI Hyeon, Taeghwan/J-5315-2012; Park, Je Geun/K-8571-2013; Kwak, Ja Hun/J-4894-2014; Kim, Sang Hoon/H-9911-2015; Lee, Jinwoo/G-3330-2016; Lee, Junyoung/D-5463-2012 OI Lee, Jinwoo/0000-0001-6347-0446; Lee, Junyoung/0000-0001-6689-2759 FU Basic Research Program [R0120080001171502008]; National Creative Research Initiative Program; Korean Government [2009-0059861]; U. S. Department of Energy; KOSEF [R17-2008-033-01000-0]; Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea FX This work was supported by the Basic Research Program (grant No. R0120080001171502008), the National Creative Research Initiative Program, and the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant (grant No. 2009-0059861) funded by the Korean Government (Ministry of Education, Science and Technology). The research was performed in part at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Work at Sungkyunkwan University was supported by the KOSEF through the Acceleration Research Program (R17-2008-033-01000-0). J. Lee was supported by a grant from the Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea. NR 45 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 42 BP 7864 EP 7870 DI 10.1039/b909109b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 508OG UT WOS:000270942100009 ER PT J AU Chambers, M Verduzco, R Gleeson, JT Sprunt, S Jakli, A AF Chambers, M. Verduzco, R. Gleeson, J. T. Sprunt, S. Jakli, A. TI Flexoelectricity of a calamitic liquid crystal elastomer swollen with a bent-core liquid crystal SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BANANA-SHAPED MESOGENS; NEMATIC PHASE; POLARIZATION; COEFFICIENTS AB We have measured the electric current induced by mechanical distortion of a calamitic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) swollen with a low molecular weight bent-core nematic (BCN) liquid crystal, and have determined, for the first time, the bend flexoelectric coefficient e(3) of such a BCN-LCE composite. In one method, we utilise air-pressure to induce a mechanical bend deformation and flexoelectric polarization in a BCN-LCE film, and then measure the polarization current as a function of time. An alternative technique uses a rotary-motor driven scotch yoke to periodically flex the BCN-LCE; in this case, the magnitude and phase of the induced current are recorded via a lock-in amplifier. The flexoelectric coefficient, e(3), was found to be similar to 20 nC/cm(2), and is stable in magnitude from room temperature to similar to 65 degrees C. It is about one third the value measured in samples of the pure BCN; this fraction corresponds closely to the molar concentration of BCN in the LCE. The flexoelectric current increases linearly with the magnitude of the bend deformation and decays with frequency. These observations indicate a promising way forward towards producing very low-cost, self-standing, rugged electromechanical energy conversion devices. C1 [Chambers, M.; Jakli, A.] Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [Chambers, M.; Gleeson, J. T.; Sprunt, S.] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [Verduzco, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Jakli, A (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Liquid Crystal, Kent, OH 44240 USA. EM ajakli@kent.edu RI Gleeson, James/B-9208-2008 FU ONR [N00014-07-1-0440]; NSF [DMR-0606160, DMR 0606357]; U. S. Department of Energy FX The work carried out at Kent State University was supported by the ONR under grant N00014-07-1-0440) and by the NSF under DMR-0606160. The liquid crystal elastomer system used in this study was provided by Prof. Slobodan Zumer's group of the Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia, and the New Liquid Crystal Materials Facility at Kent State http://nlcmf.lci.kent.edu, supported by the NSF DMR 0606357. The work performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. The authors also gratefully acknowledge invaluable assistance from J. Harden Jr, E. DiMasi and R. Pindak. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 42 BP 7909 EP 7913 DI 10.1039/b911652d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 508OG UT WOS:000270942100016 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Shao, YY Yin, GP Lin, YH AF Zhang, Sheng Shao, Yuyan Yin, Geping Lin, Yuehe TI Stabilization of platinum nanoparticle electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHANOL FUEL-CELLS; SPHERICAL POLYELECTROLYTE BRUSHES; COLLOIDAL SILVER NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; CATALYST SUPPORT; CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES; MESOPOROUS CARBON; DURABILITY; OXIDATION; SURFACES AB A long-chain polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), has been employed to stabilize platinum nanoparticles for oxygen reduction in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Pt nanoparticles are synthesized by reducing H2PtCl6 with NaBH4 in the presence of PDDA and then deposited on a carbon support (PDDA-Pt/C). Transmission electron microscope images show that Pt nanoparticles of PDDA-Pt/C are uniformly dispersed on the carbon support with a mean size of about 2.2 nm (2.1 nm for commercial Etek-Pt/C). PDDA-Pt/C exhibits a higher activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than Etek-Pt/C. The durability of PDDA-Pt/C is improved by a factor of 2 as compared with Etek-Pt/C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of PDDA-Pt/C reveals the interaction between Pt nanoparticles and PDDA, which increases Pt oxidation potential and prevents Pt nanoparticles from migrating/agglomerating on or detaching from carbon support. This provides a promising strategy to improve both the durability and activity of electrocatalysts for fuel cells. C1 [Zhang, Sheng; Yin, Geping] Harbin Inst Technol, Shcool Chem Engn & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Sheng; Shao, Yuyan; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yin, GP (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Shcool Chem Engn & Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM yingphit@hit.edu.cn; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Zhang, Sheng/H-2452-2011; Shao, Yuyan/A-9911-2008; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0001-7532-1923; Shao, Yuyan/0000-0001-5735-2670; Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU Natural Science Foundation of China [50872027, 20606007]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); DOE [DE-AC05-76L01830] FX This work is partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50872027 and 20606007) and partially by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific-user facility sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76L01830. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Chongmin Wang for TEM measurements. Sheng Zhang would like to acknowledge the fellowship from the China Scholarship Council and the fellowship from PNNL. NR 47 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 42 BP 7995 EP 8001 DI 10.1039/b912104h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 508OG UT WOS:000270942100028 ER PT J AU Lee, S Cummins, MD Willing, GA Firestone, MA AF Lee, Sungwon Cummins, Matthew D. Willing, Gerold A. Firestone, Millicent A. TI Conductivity of ionic liquid-derived polymers with internal gold nanoparticle conduits SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED METAL-CLUSTERS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; COLLOID SCIENCE; CHARGE-TRANSFER; ELECTROLYTES; ARRAYS; NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; FILMS AB The transport properties of self-supporting Au nanoparticle-ionic liquid-derived polymer composites were characterized. Topographic AFM images confirm the perforated lamellar composite architecture determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and further show that the in situ synthesized Au nanoparticles are localized within the hydrophilic (water) domains of the structure. At low Au nanoparticle content, the images reveal incomplete packing of spherical particles (i.e., voids) within these columns. The confinement and organization of the Au nanoparticles within the hydrophilic columns give rise to a large manifold of optical resonances in the near-IR region. The bulk composite conductivity, R(b), was determined by ac electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for samples prepared with increasing Au(3+) content over a frequency range of 10 Hz to 1 MHz. A 100-fold increase was observed in the bulk conductivity at room temperature for composites prepared with the highest amount of Au(3+) (1.58 +/- 0.065 mu mol) versus the no Au composite, with the former reaching a value of 1.3 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 25 degrees C. The temperature dependence of the conductivity recorded over this range was well-modeled by the Arrhenius equation. EIS studies on samples containing the highest Au nanoparticle content over a broader range of frequencies (2 x 10(-2) Hz to 5 x 10(5) Hz) identified a low frequency component ascribed to electronic conduction. Electronic conduction due to aggregated Au nanoparticles was further confirmed by dc conductivity measurements. This work identifies a nanostructured composite that exhibits both ionic transport through the polymeric ionic liquid and electronic conduction from the organized encapsulated columns of Au nanoparticles. C1 [Lee, Sungwon; Firestone, Millicent A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cummins, Matthew D.; Willing, Gerold A.] Univ Louisville, Dept Chem Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM firestone@anl.gov FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Dr Sonke Seifert for his help with the SAXS experiments. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 to the UChicago, LLC. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 43 BP 8092 EP 8101 DI 10.1039/b910059h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 511TI UT WOS:000271191200008 ER PT J AU Im, WB Page, K DenBaars, SP Seshadri, R AF Im, Won Bin Page, Katharine DenBaars, Steven P. Seshadri, Ram TI Probing local structure in the yellow phosphor LaSr2AlO5 : Ce3+, by the maximum entropy method and pair distribution function analysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; EDGE-SHARING TETRAHEDRA; DIRECT WHITE-LIGHT; LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES; DENSITY AB The compound LaSr2AlO5 was recently introduced as a competitive Ce3+ host material for blue-pumped yellow phosphors for use in white light emitting diodes. A crucial feature of the crystal structure of LaSr2AlO5 is that La, which is the host site for Ce3+, is located in the 8h positions of the I4/mcm crystal structure, a site equally shared with Sr. While the average crystal structure of LaSr2AlO5 as revealed by Rietveld analysis of laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data suggests nothing untoward, maximum entropy method analysis of the synchrotron X-ray data reveals the existence of conspicuous non-sphericity of the electron density. Pair distribution function analysis of the data suggests that despite their occupying the same crystallographic site, La and Sr possess distinct coordination environments, and the environment around La is more compact and regular than the environment suggested by the Rietveld refinement of the average structure. The absorption and emission from Ce3+ centers is controlled by the local coordination and symmetry, and the use of powerful new tools in unraveling details of these strengthens the rational search for new phosphors for solid state white lighting. C1 [Im, Won Bin; DenBaars, Steven P.; Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Solid State Lighting & Energy Ctr, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Page, Katharine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Im, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Solid State Lighting & Energy Ctr, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM imwonbin@mrl.ucsb.edu; seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu RI IM, Won Bin/B-1335-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Page, Katharine/C-9726-2009 OI IM, Won Bin/0000-0003-2473-4714; Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Page, Katharine/0000-0002-9071-3383 FU National Science Foundation [DMR05-20415]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank the National Science Foundation (DMR05-20415) for use of MRSEC facilities at UCSB. The use of the 11-ID-B beamline and the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors thank Joshua Kurzman (UCSB), and Peter Chupas and Karena Chapman (APS) for assistance with synchrotron data collection. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2009 VL 19 IS 46 BP 8761 EP 8766 DI 10.1039/b912793c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 521GG UT WOS:000271907800008 ER PT J AU Ghafoor, N Eriksson, F Mikhaylushkin, AS Abrikosov, IA Gullikson, EM Kressig, U Beckers, M Hultman, L Birch, J AF Ghafoor, Naureen Eriksson, Fredrik Mikhaylushkin, Arkady S. Abrikosov, Igor A. Gullikson, Eric. M. Kressig, Ulrich Beckers, Manfred Hultman, Lars Birch, Jens TI Effects of O and N impurities on the nanostructural evolution during growth of Cr/Sc multilayers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; X-RAY MIRRORS; WATER WINDOW; METALS; SIMULATION; DEPOSITION; LINE AB Transition metal multilayers are prime candidates for high reflectivity soft x-ray multilayer mirrors. In particular, Cr/Sc multilayers in the amorphous state have proven to give the highest reflectivity in the water window. We have investigated the influence of impurities N and O as residual gas elements on the growth, structure, and optical performance of Cr/Sc multilayers deposited in high vacuum conditions by a dual cathode direct current magnetron sputter deposition. Multilayer structures with the modulation periods in the range of 0.9-4.5 nm and Cr layer to bilayer thickness ratios in the range of 0.17-0.83 were deposited with an intentionally raised base pressure (p(B)), ranging from 2 x 10(-7) to 2 x 10(-5) Torr. Compositional depth profiles were obtained by elastic recoil detection analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, while the structural investigations of the multilayers were carried Out using hard x-ray reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy. By investigating stacked multilayers, i.e., several multilayers with different designs of the modulation periods, stacked on top of each other in the samples, we have been able to conclude that both N and O are incorporated preferentially in the interior of the Sc layers. At p(B) <= 2 x 10(-6) Torr, typically <3 at.% of N and < 1.5 at.% of O was found, which did not influence the amorphous nanostructure of the layers. Multilayers deposited with a high pB similar to 2 x 10(-5) Torr. a N content its high as similar to 37 at.% was measured by elastic recoil detection analysis. These multilayers mainly Consist Of understoichiometric face-centered Cubic CrN(x)/ScN(y) nanocrystalline layers. which could be grown as thin at 0.3 nm and is explained by a stabilizing effect on the ScN(y) layers during, growth. It is also shown that by adding a background pressure of as little its 5 x 10(-6) Torr of pure N(2) the soft x-ray reflectivity (lambda = 3.11 nm) call be enhanced by more than 100% by N incorporation into the multilayer Structures. whereas pure O(2) at the same background pressure had no effect. C1 [Ghafoor, Naureen; Eriksson, Fredrik; Mikhaylushkin, Arkady S.; Abrikosov, Igor A.; Beckers, Manfred; Hultman, Lars; Birch, Jens] Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, IFM, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Gullikson, Eric. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kressig, Ulrich] Forschungszentrum, FZD, Inst Lonenstrahlphys & Mat Forsch, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RP Ghafoor, N (reprint author), Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, IFM, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. EM naugh@ifm.liu.se RI Birch, Jens/M-4794-2016 OI Birch, Jens/0000-0002-8469-5983 FU Swedish Research Council; Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research FX This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR) through the project grant "Mellanytors betydelse for nanometriska multiager" and Linnaeus Environment Grant, LiLi NFM at Linkoping. Financial support was also received from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) Strategic Research Center MS2E. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 79 EP 95 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0004 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460SN UT WOS:000267207500010 ER PT J AU Matias, V Hanisch, J Rowley, EJ Guth, K AF Matias, Vladimir Haenisch, Jens Rowley, E. John Gueth, Konrad TI Very fast biaxial texture evolution using high rate ion-beam-assisted deposition of MgO SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; IBAD-MGO; THIN-FILMS; TEMPLATES AB We examined crystalline-texture evolution during ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) of MgO thin films. We have demonstrated for the first time that in-plane crystalline texturing in IBAD of MgO scales with deposition rate. At high ion currents an in-plane texture full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 10 degrees can be achieved in less than 1 s, and 6 degrees in 2.2 S. MgO texture further improves with thickness of a homoepitaxial layer deposited on top. We have developed an empirical quantification of the texture evolution in both IBAD and homoepitaxial layers. The best texture attained thus far in the MgO layer oil polished Hastelloy tape has ail in-plane FWHM of 1.6 degrees. The high deposition rates demonstrated here make high-throughput manufacturing of IBAD textured templates a practical and cost-effective concept. C1 [Matias, Vladimir; Haenisch, Jens; Rowley, E. John; Gueth, Konrad] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconductiv Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matias, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconductiv Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vlado@lanl.gov RI Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011 FU Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX We wish to thank Alp Findikoglu, Paul Arendt, J. Randy Groves (LANL), and Robert Hammond University) for discussions during the course of this work. We also thank Ruud Steenwelle, Chris Sheehan, and Ray DePaula for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 1 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0036 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460SN UT WOS:000267207500014 ER PT J AU Kaatz, FH Bultheel, A Egami, T AF Kaatz, Forrest H. Bultheel, Adhemar Egami, Takeshi TI Real and reciprocal space order parameters for porous arrays from image analysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANODIC ALUMINA; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS; NANOHOLE ARRAYS; PORE FORMATION; SIZE; NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; ACID AB A real space technique based on the pair distribution function (PDF) and a reciprocal space method utilizing a 2D fast Fourier transform (FFT) quantify the order in porous arrays. Porous arrays fabricated from nanoscience technology are analyzed. The PDFs are fit with a series of Gaussian curves and the widths of the Gaussian peaks are used to model the linear strain in the array. An order parameter is defined from the PDF and takes values from [0,1], where the value 1 represents an ideal array. The radial distribution function (RDF) is also determined for the porous arrays. The FFT of the porous arrays is used to generate an order parameter as a ratio of intensity to the full width at half maximum (sigma) of the peaks. Defined as relative intensity I-r/sigma, this parameter takes values from [0,infinity], where larger values represent more order in the array. We use a variety of available software to generate this data. C1 [Kaatz, Forrest H.] Owens Community Coll, Dept Math & Life Nat Sci, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. [Bultheel, Adhemar] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Comp Sci, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Egami, Takeshi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kaatz, FH (reprint author), Owens Community Coll, Dept Math & Life Nat Sci, Toledo, OH 43699 USA. EM fhkaatz@yahoo.com RI Bultheel, Adhemar/A-2785-2016 OI Bultheel, Adhemar/0000-0001-9562-5297 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-3154-4 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 393VN UT WOS:000262402200002 ER PT J AU Song, B Lu, WY Syn, CJ Chen, WN AF Song, Bo Lu, Wei-Yang Syn, Chul Jin Chen, Weinong TI The effects of strain rate, density, and temperature on the mechanical properties of polymethylene diisocyanate (PMDI)-based rigid polyurethane foams during compression SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EPOXY SYNTACTIC FOAM; BEHAVIOR; WAVES AB Compressive experiments on three types of rigid polyurethane foams were conducted by employing modified split Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPBs). The foam materials, which were based on polymethylene diisocyanate (PMDI), varied only in density (0.31 x 10(3), 0.41 x 10(3), and 0.55 x 10(3) kg/m(3)) and were compressed at strain rates as high as 3 x 10(3) s(-1). Dynamic experiments were also performed on these three foam materials at temperatures ranging from 219 to 347 K, while maintaining a fixed high strain rate of similar to 3 x 10(3) s(-1). In addition, an MTS materials testing frame was used to characterize the low-strain-rate compressive response of these three foam materials at room temperature (295 K). Our study determined the effects of density, strain rate, and temperature on the compressive response of the foam materials, resulting in a compressive stress-strain curve for each material. C1 [Song, Bo; Lu, Wei-Yang] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Syn, Chul Jin; Chen, Weinong] Purdue Univ, Sch AAE, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Syn, Chul Jin; Chen, Weinong] Purdue Univ, Sch MSE, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Song, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM bsong@sandia.gov RI Song, Bo/D-3945-2011 FU Sandia National Laboratories; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Xu Nie at Purdue University for his friendly help in obtaining scanning electron microscopy images of the foam structures. This work was performed at Purdue University and supported by Sandia National Laboratories, operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-3105-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 395EE UT WOS:000262505200001 ER PT J AU Susan, DF Rejent, JA Hlava, PF Vianco, PT AF Susan, D. F. Rejent, J. A. Hlava, P. F. Vianco, P. T. TI Very long-term aging of 52In-48Sn (at.%) solder joints on Cu-plated stainless steel substrates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND LAYER; GROWTH-KINETICS; SN-IN; SYSTEMS AB Long-term metallurgical aging was studied in thermal switches comprised of 52In-48Sn (at.%) alloy solder plugs contained in Cu-plated stainless steel cylinders. These switches are locking devices designed so that, if overheated, a "fusible" alloy melts and allows the activation of a spring-loaded mechanism. The soldered assemblies studied ranged in age from about 24 to 28 years old at the time of this analysis. A concern has been the buildup of intermetallic compound (IMC) within the solder or at the solder/substrate interface, which could raise the switch operating temperature. In this work, the melting temperature of the aged solder alloy was slightly lower (116.3 +/- A 0.3 A degrees C) than the expected value, 118.4 A degrees C (245 A degrees F), based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The slight decrease in melting temperature range was caused by the diffusion of a small amount of Cu into the solder during processing and possibly during long-term service. The interfacial IMC layer was primarily Cu(2)In(3)Sn. The IMC thickness agreed with that predicted by growth kinetics determined in a previous study, assuming aging temperatures in the vicinity of room temperature. Differences in the IMC phase chemistries were found between earlier research, which employed bulk Cu substrates, and the present analyses with thin electroplated Cu substrates. Evidence was found for depletion of the thin Cu plating layer over time, as well as incorporation of Fe and Ni from the stainless steel into the IMC layer. C1 [Susan, D. F.; Rejent, J. A.; Hlava, P. F.; Vianco, P. T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Susan, DF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM dfsusan@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Mike Dugger for careful review of the manuscript. Sincere thanks also to Alice Kilgo for metallography and to Bonnie McKenzie for SEM analysis. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 545 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-3083-2 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 395EE UT WOS:000262505200027 ER PT J AU Shukla, A Baeslack, W AF Shukla, A. K. Baeslack, W. A., III TI Orientation relationships and morphology of S phase in friction stir welded Al-Cu-Mg alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID MICROSTRUCTURE; PRECIPITATION C1 [Shukla, A. K.; Baeslack, W. A., III] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shukla, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM akshukla@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP 676 EP 679 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-3212-y PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 395EE UT WOS:000262505200042 ER PT J AU Singh, J AF Singh, Jai TI Radiative lifetime of triplet excitation recombinations mediated by spin-photon interaction in semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Optical and Optoelectronic Properties of Materials and Applications CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2007 CL London, ENGLAND AB The radiative recombination of triplet exciton, is studied here theoretically in inorganic amorphous and organic crystalline semiconductors. A new time-dependent exciton-spin-orbit-photon interaction operator derived recently is used to calculate rates of radiative recombination of triplet excitons and the corresponding radiative lifetimes. It is illustrated that the new operator gives rise to a first order non-zero term responsible for the triplet photoluminescence. Results agree quite well with the known experimental results. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singh, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jai.singh@cdu.edu.au NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4522 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER EL JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Electron. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s10854-007-9449-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 389PL UT WOS:000262106900018 ER PT J AU Wang, H Wingett, D Engelhard, MH Feris, K Reddy, KM Turner, P Layne, J Hanley, C Bell, J Tenne, D Wang, C Punnoose, A AF Wang, Hua Wingett, Denise Engelhard, Mark H. Feris, Kevin Reddy, K. M. Turner, Paul Layne, Janet Hanley, Cory Bell, Jason Tenne, Dmitri Wang, Chongmin Punnoose, Alex TI Fluorescent dye encapsulated ZnO particles with cell-specific toxicity for potential use in biomedical applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SILICA NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; DELIVERY; THERAPY AB Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-encapsulated SiO(2) core-shell particles with a nanoscale ZnO finishing layer have been synthesized for the first time as multifunctional "smart" nanostructures. Detailed characterization studies confirmed the formation of an outer ZnO layer on the SiO(2)-FITC core. These 200 nm sized particles showed promise toward cell imaging and cellular uptake studies using the bacterium Escherichia coli and Jurkat cancer cells, respectively. The FITC encapsulated ZnO particles demonstrated excellent selectivity in preferentially killing Jurkat cancer cells with minimal toxicity to normal primary immune cells (18% and 75% viability remaining, respectively, after exposure to 60 mu g/ml) and inhibited the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at concentrations a parts per thousand yen250-500 mu g/ml (for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively). These results indicate that the novel FITC encapsulated multifunctional particles with nanoscale ZnO surface layer can be used as smart nanostructures for particle tracking, cell imaging, antibacterial treatments and cancer therapy. C1 [Wang, Hua; Reddy, K. M.; Turner, Paul; Tenne, Dmitri; Punnoose, Alex] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Wingett, Denise; Feris, Kevin; Layne, Janet; Hanley, Cory; Bell, Jason] Boise State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Wingett, Denise] Mt States Tumor & Med Res Inst, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Engelhard, Mark H.; Wang, Chongmin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Punnoose, Alex] Indian Inst Sci, Dept Phys, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. RP Punnoose, A (reprint author), Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. EM apunnoos@boisestate.edu RI Wingett, Denise/A-8668-2009; Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Tenne, Dmitri/C-3294-2009; OI Tenne, Dmitri/0000-0003-2697-8958; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU DoE-EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER46142]; NSF-Idaho-EPSCoR [EPS-0447689]; NSF-CAREER [DMR-0449639]; NSF-MRI [MRI-0521315, MRI-0619793, MRI-0722699]; NIH [1R15 AI06277-01A1, 1R43 AR052955-01, P20RR016454]; Mountain States Tumor and Medical Research Institute FX This research was supported in part by DoE-EPSCoR grant DE-FG02-04ER46142 (Dye encapsulation and fluorescent properties), NSF-Idaho-EPSCoR Program EPS-0447689 (biological studies), NSF-CAREER award DMR-0449639 (nanoparticle synthesis), NSF-MRI grants MRI-0521315, MRI-0619793 and MRI-0722699 (characterization studies), NIH awards 1R15 AI06277-01A1, 1R43 AR052955-01 and P20RR016454 (biological studies), and Mountain States Tumor and Medical Research Institute (biological studies). Some of the experiments were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), which is a national scientific user facility operated by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1007/s10856-008-3541-z PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 395PE UT WOS:000262535200002 PM 18651111 ER PT J AU Bell, A Brenier, JM Gregory, M Girand, C Jurafsky, D AF Bell, Alan Brenier, Jason M. Gregory, Michelle Girand, Cynthia Jurafsky, Dan TI Predictability effects on durations of content and function words in conversational English SO JOURNAL OF MEMORY AND LANGUAGE LA English DT Article DE Word frequency; Predictability; Content words; Function words; Word duration; Models of speech production ID CLOSED-CLASS WORDS; LEXICAL ACCESS; SPEECH PRODUCTION; SENTENCE PRODUCTION; FREQUENCY; RECOGNITION; REDUNDANCY; INTELLIGIBILITY; PRONUNCIATION; PERCEPTION AB In a regression study of conversational speech, we show that frequency, contextual predictability, and repetition have separate contributions to word duration, despite their substantial correlations. We also found that content- and function-word durations are affected differently by their frequency and predictability. Content words are shorter when more frequent, and shorter when repeated, while function words are not so affected. Function words have shorter pronunciations, after controlling for frequency and predictability. While both content and function words are strongly affected by predictability from the word following them. sensitivity to predictability from the preceding word is largely limited to very frequent function words. The results support the view that content and function words are accessed differently in production. We suggest a lexical-access-based model of our results, in which frequency or repetition leads to shorter or longer word durations by causing faster or slower lexical access, mediated by a general mechanism that coordinates the pace of higher-level planning and the execution of the articulatory plan. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bell, Alan] Univ Colorado, Dept Linguist, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bell, Alan] Univ Colorado, Inst Cognit Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brenier, Jason M.] Cataphora Inc, Redwood City, CA USA. [Gregory, Michelle] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Girand, Cynthia] Silver Creek Syst, Westminster, CO USA. [Jurafsky, Dan] Stanford Univ, Dept Linguist, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Bell, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Linguist, Box 295,290 Hellems, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alan.bell@colorado.edu FU NSF [IIS-9733067, IIS-9978025, IIS-0624345]; Edinburgh Stanford Link FX This research was partially supported by the NSF, via awards IIS-9733067, IIS-9978025, and IIS-0624345, and by the Edinburgh Stanford Link. Many thanks to Ayako Ikeno, Bill Raymond, Eric Fosler-Lussier, and Dan Gildea for their important contributions to the compilation of the database and to Mirjam Ernestus, Susanne Gahl, Florian Jaeger, Rebecca Scarborough, and reviewers for many helpful suggestions. We are also very grateful to Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel and Mari Ostendorf for generously taking the time and effort to release to us a preliminary version of their prosodically coded portion of Switchboard. NR 83 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0749-596X J9 J MEM LANG JI J. Mem. Lang. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 60 IS 1 BP 92 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.jml.2008.06.003 PG 20 WC Linguistics; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Linguistics; Psychology GA 390MY UT WOS:000262169600006 ER PT J AU Adams, BW AF Adams, B. W. TI Nuclear gamma-ray superradiance SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics CY JAN 04-08, 2009 CL Snowbird, UT DE superradiance; nuclear resonance ID MOSSBAUER DIFFRACTION; RESONANT SCATTERING; QUANTUM THEORY; EMISSION; COHERENT; EXCITATION; RADIATION; ENERGY; OPTICS; PHOTONS AB Nuclear gamma-ray-resonant superradiance is discussed, comparing Dicke's original approach [1] and recent extensions [2,3] of Scully et al. [2-5] involving conditional excitation to the classical resonant-scattering [6-10] and the Hannon-Trammell [11-14] quantum theories. Relevant questions are whether the sample is optically thin or thick in the excitation and re-radiation processes, the role of superpositions between ground and excited states, Fermi's golden rule, and decoherence due to spatially-dependent near-field interactions [15-17]. The relation of these considerations to experimental results is discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Adams, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM adams@aps.anl.gov NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2009 VL 56 IS 18-19 BP 1974 EP 1984 DI 10.1080/09500340903199921 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 527QE UT WOS:000272380800011 ER PT J AU Oliveira, OV Freitas, LCG Straatsma, TP Lins, RD AF Oliveira, Osmair V. Freitas, Luiz C. G. Straatsma, T. P. Lins, Roberto D. TI Interaction between the CBM of Cel9A from Thermobifida fusca and cellulose fibers SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE cellulase; CBM-cellulose interaction; molecular docking ID SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; GROMOS FORCE-FIELD; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BINDING DOMAIN; CLOSTRIDIUM CELLULOLYTICUM; THERMOMONOSPORA-FUSCA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION AB Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MID) simulations were used to investigate the binding of a cellodextrin chain in a crystal-like conformation to the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) of Cel9A from Thermobifida fusca. The fiber was found to bind to the CBM in a single and well-defined configuration in-line with the catalytic cleft, supporting the hypothesis that this CBM plays a role in the catalysis by feeding the catalytic domain (CD) with a polysaccharide chain. The results also expand the current known list of residues involved in the binding. The polysaccharide-protein attachment is shown to be mediated by five amine/amide-containing residues. E478 and E559 were found not to interact directly with the sugar chain; instead they seem to be responsible to stabilize the binding motif via hydrogen bonds. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Oliveira, Osmair V.; Straatsma, T. P.; Lins, Roberto D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Oliveira, Osmair V.; Freitas, Luiz C. G.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Quim, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. RP Lins, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roberto.lins@pnl.gov RI Lins, Roberto/J-7511-2012 OI Lins, Roberto/0000-0002-3983-8025 FU CNPq; FAPESP; US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RLO1830.]; Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research FX OVO and LCGF acknowledge CNPq and FAPESP for financial support. The authors thank Thereza Soares for a careful reading of the manuscript and insightful suggestions. Gratitude is also expressed to Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory through the Computational Grand Challenge Application GC20892. This work has been partly supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the Data Intensive Computing Initiative for Complex Biological Systems project funded by the Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0952-3499 J9 J MOL RECOGNIT JI J. Mol. Recognit. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1002/jmr.925 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 389LV UT WOS:000262095100005 PM 18853469 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, R Masiello, T Jariyasopit, N Nibler, JW Maki, A Blake, TA Weber, A AF Kirkpatrick, Robynne Masiello, Tony Jariyasopit, Narumol Nibler, Joseph W. Maki, Arthur Blake, Thomas A. Weber, Alfons TI High-resolution rovibrational study of the Coriolis-coupled nu(12) and nu(15) modes of [1.1.1]propellane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Infrared; Rovibrational spectrum; High resolution; Ab inito; Propellane ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; <1.1.1>PROPELLANE; SPECTRUM AB Infrared spectra of the small strained cage molecule [1.1.1]propellane have been obtained at high resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) and the J. K, and l rovibrational structure has been resolved for the first time. We recently used these spectra to obtain combination-differences to deduce ground state parameters for propellane; over 4100 differences from five fundamental and four combination bands were used in the fitting process. The combination-difference approach eliminated potential errors caused by localized perturbations in the upper states and gave well-determined ground state parameters. In the current work, these ground state constants were fixed when fitting the upper state parameters for the nu(12) (e') perpendicular and nu(15) (a(2)'') parallel bands. Over 4000 infrared transitions were fitted for each band, with J, K values ranging up to 71, 51 and 92, 90, respectively. While the transition wavenumbers for both bands can be fit nicely using separate analyses for each band, the strong intensity perturbations observed in the weaker nu(12) band indicated that Coriolis coupling between the two modes was significant and should be included. Due to correlations with other parameters, the Coriolis coupling parameter zeta(y)(15,12 alpha) for the nu(15) and nu(12) interaction is poorly determined by a transition wavenumber fit alone but, fortunately, the intensity perturbations gave useful added constraints on zeta(y)(15,12 alpha). By combining the wavenumber fit with a fit of experimental intensities, a value of -0.42 was obtained, quite close to the value of -0.44 predicted by Gaussian ab initio density functional calculations using a cc-pVTZ basis. This intensity fit also yielded a (partial derivative mu(z)/partial derivative Q(15))/(partial derivative mu(x)/partial derivative Q(12 alpha)) dipole derivative ratio of 36.5, in reasonable agreement with a value of 29.2 predicted by the ab initio calculations. This ratio is unusually high due to large charge movement as the novel central C-axial-C-axial bond is displaced along the symmetry axis of the molecule for the nu(15) mode. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Robynne; Jariyasopit, Narumol; Nibler, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Masiello, Tony] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Weber, Alfons] NIST, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, 101 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM joseph.nibler@orst.edu FU Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX The research described here was performed, in part, in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We thank Robert Sans for helpful advice and assistance in recording the infrared spectra of propellane in this facility, and Dr. Tim Hubler, also at PNNL, for his advice on synthesis techniques. Support to J.W. Nibler from the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist Mentor Program is acknowledged. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 253 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.09.013 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 394LF UT WOS:000262447500007 ER PT J AU Lafferty, WJ Flaud, JM Ngom, EHA Sams, RL AF Lafferty, W. J. Flaud, J. -M. Ngom, El Hadji Abib Sams, R. L. TI (SO2)-S-34-O-16: High-resolution analysis of the (030),(101), (111), (002) and (201) vibrational states; determination of equilibrium rotational constants for sulfur dioxide and anharmonic vibrational constants SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE High resolution infrared spectra; Rotation-vibration constants; Equilibrium structure; Vibrational harmonic and anharmonic constants AB High resolution Fourier transform spectra of a sample of sulfur dioxide, enriched in S-34 (95.3%). were completely analyzed leading to a large set of assigned lines. The experimental levels derived from this set of transitions were fit to within their experimental uncertainties using Watson-type Hamiltonians. Precise band centers, rotational and centrifugal distortion constants were determined. The following band centers in cm(-1) were obtained: nu(0)(3 nu(2))=1538.720198(11), nu(0)(nu(1) + nu(3))=2475.828004(29), nu(0)(nu(1) + nu(2) + nu(3))=2982.118600(20), nu(0)(2 nu(3))=2679.800919(35), and nu(0)(2 nu(1) + nu(3))=3598.773915(38). The rotational constants obtained in this work have been fit together with the rotational constants of lower-lying vibrational states [W.J. Lafferty, J.-M. Flaud, R.L. Sams. EL Hadjiabib, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 252 (2008) 72-76] to obtain equilibrium constants as well as vibration-rotation constants. These equilibrium constants have been fit together with those of (SO2)-S-32-O-16 [J.-M. Flaud, W.J. Lafferty, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 16 (1993) 396-402] leading to an improved equilibrium structure. Finally the observed band centers have been fit to obtain anharmonic rotational constants. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Optical Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, Lab Inter Univ Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab Inter Univ Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Ngom, El Hadji Abib] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Ecole Super Polytech, Dakar, Senegal. [Sams, R. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Optical Technol, MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division; United States Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX The portion of this work performed at NIST was supported by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. This research was also supported, in part, by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division and the experimental part was performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the United States Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. This paper has been greatly improved by the editorial comments of Marilyn jacox. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 253 IS 1 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.09.006 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 394LF UT WOS:000262447500008 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I Hush, D Scovel, C AF Steinwart, Ingo Hush, Don Scovel, Clint TI Learning from dependent observations SO JOURNAL OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Support vector machine; Consistency; Non-stationary mixing process; Classification; Regression ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; CONSISTENCY; PREDICTION; REGRESSION AB In most papers establishing consistency for learning algorithms it is assumed that the observations used for training are realizations of an i.i.d. process. In this paper we go far beyond this classical framework by showing that support vector machines (SVMs) only require that the data-generating process satisfies a certain law of large numbers. We then consider the learnability of SVMs for alpha-mixing (not necessarily stationary) processes for both classification and regression, where for the latter we explicitly allow unbounded noise. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Steinwart, Ingo; Hush, Don; Scovel, Clint] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp, CCS-3,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ingo@lanl.gov; dhush@lanl.gov; jcs@lanl.gov OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 45 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0047-259X J9 J MULTIVARIATE ANAL JI J. Multivar. Anal. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 100 IS 1 BP 175 EP 194 DI 10.1016/j.jmva.2008.04.001 PG 20 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 374JX UT WOS:000261040700014 ER PT J AU Dirk, SM Howell, SW Price, BK Fan, HY Washburn, C Wheeler, DR Tour, JM Whiting, J Simonson, RJ AF Dirk, Shawn M. Howell, Stephen W. Price, B. Katherine Fan, Hongyou Washburn, Cody Wheeler, David R. Tour, James M. Whiting, Joshua Simonson, R. Joseph TI Vapor Sensing Using Conjugated Molecule-Linked Au Nanoparticles in a Silica Matrix SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CHEMIRESISTOR; SENSOR; FILMS; ARRAYS; SENSITIVITY; SURFACES AB Cross-linked assemblies of nanoparticles are of great value as chemiresistor-type sensors. Herein, we report a simple method to fabricate a chemiresistor-type sensor that minimizes the swelling transduction mechanism while optimizing the change in dielectric response. Sensors prepared with this methodology showed enhanced chemoselectivity for phosphonates which are useful surrogates for chemical weapons. Chemoselective sensors were fabricated using an aqueous solution of gold nanoparticles that were then cross-linked in the presence of the silica precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate with the alpha-, omega-dithiolate (which is derived from the in situ deprotection of 1,4-di(Phenylethynyl-4', 4 ''-diacetylthio)-benzene (1) with wet triethylamine). The cross-linked nanoparticles and silica matrix were drop coated onto interdigitated electrodes having 8 mu m spacing. Samples were exposed to a series of analytes including dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), octane, and toluene. A limit of detection was obtained for each analyte. Sensors assembled in this fashion were more sensitive to dimethyl methylphosphonate than to octane by a factor of 1000. Copyright (C) 2009 Shawn M. Dirk et al. C1 [Dirk, Shawn M.; Washburn, Cody] Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Howell, Stephen W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Advanced Sensor Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Price, B. Katherine; Tour, James M.] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Price, B. Katherine; Tour, James M.] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Price, B. Katherine; Tour, James M.] Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Fan, Hongyou] Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wheeler, David R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Whiting, Joshua; Simonson, R. Joseph] Sandia Natl Labs, Micrototal Analyt Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dirk, SM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept, MS 0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM smdirk@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL8500]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. The same Department of Energy contract supported the internship of BKP when working at Sandia, while her work at Rice University was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2009 AR 481270 DI 10.1155/2009/481270 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 394SZ UT WOS:000262469400001 ER PT J AU Fan, HY Lu, YF Ramanath, G Pomposo, JA AF Fan, Hongyou Lu, Yunfeng Ramanath, Ganapathiraman Pomposo, Jose A. TI Emerging Multifunctional Nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pomposo, Jose A.] Ctr Electrochem Technol CIDETEC, New Mat Dept, E-20009 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. [Fan, Hongyou] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Lu, Yunfeng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Chem Biomol Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ramanath, Ganapathiraman] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Pomposo, JA (reprint author), Ctr Electrochem Technol CIDETEC, New Mat Dept, E-20009 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. EM jpomposo@cidetec.es RI Ramanath, Ganpati/C-1157-2011; pomposo, jose a./F-1268-2017; OI Ramanath, Ganpati/0000-0002-8718-9760; pomposo, jose a./0000-0003-4620-807X; Pomposo, Jose A./0000-0001-9458-4200 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2009 AR 281721 DI 10.1155/2009/281721 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 443OT UT WOS:000265920300001 ER PT J AU Han, CY Xiao, ZL Wang, HH Lin, XM Trasobares, S Cook, RE AF Han, Catherine Y. Xiao, Zhi-Li Wang, H. Hau Lin, Xiao-Min Trasobares, Susana Cook, Russell E. TI Facile Synthesis of Highly Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes from Polymer Precursors SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM-OXIDE FILM; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA; LARGE-SCALE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD-EMISSION; SINGLE; FABRICATION; MEMBRANES; TEMPLATE AB We report a facile one-step approach which involves no flammable gas, no catalyst, and no in situ polymerization for the preparation of well-aligned carbon nanotube array. A polymer precursor is placed on top of an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane containing regular nanopore arrays, and slow heating under Ar flow allows the molten polymer to wet the template through adhesive force. The polymer spread into the nanopores of the template to form polymer nanotubes. Upon carbonization the resulting multi-walled carbon nanotubes duplicate the nanopores morphology precisely. The process is demonstrated for 230, 50, and 20 nm pore membranes. The synthesized carbon nanotubes are characterized with scanning/transmission electron microscopies, Raman spectroscopy, and resistive measurements. Convenient functionalization of the nanotubes with this method is demonstrated through premixing CoPt nanoparticles in the polymer precursors. Copyright (C) 2009 Catherine Y. Han et al. C1 [Han, Catherine Y.; Xiao, Zhi-Li; Wang, H. Hau; Trasobares, Susana; Cook, Russell E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Han, Catherine Y.] Richard J Daley Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60652 USA. [Xiao, Zhi-Li] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Lin, Xiao-Min] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Trasobares, Susana] Univ Cadiz, Dept Ciencia Mat, Cadiz 11510, Spain. RP Wang, HH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hau.wang@anl.gov RI Trasobares, Susana/H-5282-2015 OI Trasobares, Susana/0000-0003-3820-4327 FU U. S. Department of Energy Office [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The work at Argonne National Laboratory and the electron microscopy accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research are supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2009 AR 562376 DI 10.1155/2009/562376 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 465BR UT WOS:000267556100001 ER PT J AU Katzenmeyer, AM Bayam, Y Logeeswaran, VJ Pitcher, MW Nur, Y Seyyidoglu, S Toppare, LK Talin, AA Han, H Davis, CE Islam, MS AF Katzenmeyer, Aaron M. Bayam, Yavuz Logeeswaran, V. J. Pitcher, Michael W. Nur, Yusuf Seyyidoglu, Semih Toppare, Levent K. Talin, A. Alec Han, Huilan Davis, Cristina E. Islam, M. Saif TI Poly(hydridocarbyne) as Highly Processable Insulating Polymer Precursor to Micro/Nanostructures and Graphite Conductors SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; FILMS AB Carbon-based electronic materials have received much attention since the discovery and elucidation of the properties of the nanotube, fullerene allotropes, and conducting polymers. Amorphous carbon, graphite, graphene, and diamond have also been the topics of intensive research. In accordance with this interest, we herein provide the details of a novel and facile method for synthesis of poly(hydridocarbyne) (PHC), a preceramic carbon polymer reported to undergo a conversion to diamond-like carbon (DLC) upon pyrolysis and also provide electrical characterization after low-temperature processing and pyrolysis of this material. The results indicate that the strongly insulating polymer becomes notably conductive in bulk form upon heating and contains interspersed micro-and nanostructures, which are the subject of ongoing research. Copyright (C) 2009 Aaron M. Katzenmeyer et al. C1 [Katzenmeyer, Aaron M.; Bayam, Yavuz; Logeeswaran, V. J.; Islam, M. Saif] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bayam, Yavuz] Sakarya Univ, Dept Comp Engn, TR-54178 Sakarya, Turkey. [Pitcher, Michael W.; Nur, Yusuf; Seyyidoglu, Semih; Toppare, Levent K.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Chem, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Han, Huilan; Davis, Cristina E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Islam, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM saif@ece.ucdavis.edu RI Davis, Cristina/C-4437-2008; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2009 AR 832327 DI 10.1155/2009/832327 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 394TE UT WOS:000262469900001 ER PT J AU Sun, C Gardner, JS Shurdha, E Margulieux, KR Westover, RD Lau, L Long, G Bajracharya, C Wang, CM Thurber, A Punnoose, A Rodriguez, RG Pak, JJ AF Sun, Chivin Gardner, Joseph S. Shurdha, Endrit Margulieux, Kelsey R. Westover, Richard D. Lau, Lisa Long, Gary Bajracharya, Cyril Wang, Chongmin Thurber, Aaron Punnoose, Alex Rodriguez, Rene G. Pak, Joshua J. TI A High-Yield Synthesis of Chalcopyrite CuInS2 Nanoparticles with Exceptional Size Control SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-SOURCE PRECURSORS; DOT SOLAR-CELLS; FACILE ROUTE AB We report high-yield and efficient size-controlled syntheses of Chalcopyrite CuInS2 nanoparticles by decomposing molecular single source precursors (SSPs) via microwave irradiation in the presence of 1,2-ethanedithiol at reaction temperatures as low as 100 degrees C and times as short as 30 minutes. The nanoparticles sizes were 1.8nm to 10.8 nm as reaction temperatures were varied from 100 degrees C to 200 degrees C with the bandgaps from 2.71 eV to 1.28 eV with good size control and high yields (64%-95%). The resulting nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD, UV-Vis, ICP-OES, XPS, SEM, EDS, and HRTEM. Titration studies by H-1 NMR using SSP 1 with 1,2-ethanedithiol and benzyl mercaptan were conducted to elucidate the formation of Chalcopyrite CuInS2 nanoparticles. Copyright (C) 2009 Chivin Sun et al. C1 [Sun, Chivin; Shurdha, Endrit; Margulieux, Kelsey R.; Westover, Richard D.; Lau, Lisa; Long, Gary; Bajracharya, Cyril; Rodriguez, Rene G.; Pak, Joshua J.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Gardner, Joseph S.] Coll So Idaho, Dept Phys Sci, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. [Wang, Chongmin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Willey Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Thurber, Aaron; Punnoose, Alex] Boise State Univ, Dept Phys, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RP Pak, JJ (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM pakjosh@isu.edu FU DOE; EPSCoR [DE-FG02-04ER46142]; NSF-MRI [0722699] FX The authors would like to thank DOE for financial support through the EPSCoR Grant no. DE-FG02-04ER46142 and instrument acquisition from NSF-MRI award 0722699. The HRTEM data was gathered using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2009 AR 748567 DI 10.1155/2009/748567 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 576KN UT WOS:000276143400001 ER PT J AU Yu, KO Grabinski, CM Schrand, AM Murdock, RC Wang, W Gu, BH Schlager, JJ Hussain, SM AF Yu, Kyung O. Grabinski, Christin M. Schrand, Amanda M. Murdock, Richard C. Wang, Wei Gu, Baohua Schlager, John J. Hussain, Saber M. TI Toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles in mouse keratinocytes SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oxidative stress; Mouse keratinocytes; Size-dependent toxicity of nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Occupational health; EHS ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; PULMONARY TOXICITY; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; GENE DELIVERY; QUANTUM DOTS; PARTICLES; NANOTOXICOLOGY; PENETRATION; FABRICATION; CELLS AB The present study was designed to examine the uptake, localization, and the cytotoxic effects of well-dispersed amorphous silica nanoparticles in mouse keratinocytes (HEL-30). Mouse keratinocytes were exposed for 24 h to various concentrations of amorphous silica nanoparticles in homogeneous suspensions of average size distribution (30, 48, 118, and 535 nm SiO(2)) and then assessed for uptake and biochemical changes. Results of transmission electron microscopy revealed all sizes of silica were taken up into the cells and localized into the cytoplasm. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay shows LDH leakage was dose- and size-dependent with exposure to 30 and 48 nm nanoparticles. However, no LDH leakage was observed for either 118 or 535 nm nanoparticles. The mitochondrial viability assay (MTT) showed significant toxicity for 30 and 48 nm at high concentrations (100 mu g/mL) compared to the 118 and 535 nm particles. Further studies were carried out to investigate if cellular reduced GSH and mitochondria membrane potential are involved in the mechanism of SiO(2) toxicity. The redox potential of cells (GSH) was reduced significantly at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mu g/mL at 30 nm nanoparticle exposures. However, silica nanoparticles larger than 30 nm showed no changes in GSH levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation did not show any significant change between controls and the exposed cells. In summary, amorphous silica nanoparticles below 100 nm induced cytotoxicity suggest size of the particles is critical to produce biological effects. C1 [Yu, Kyung O.; Grabinski, Christin M.; Schrand, Amanda M.; Murdock, Richard C.; Schlager, John J.; Hussain, Saber M.] USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. [Wang, Wei; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hussain, SM (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Dayton, OH USA. EM saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) [BIN 2312A214] FX The authors like to thank Col J. Riddle for his strong support and encouragement for this research. Our thanks also go to Paul Bloomer and Richard Freeman for their computer support. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) Project (BIN# 2312A214). NR 25 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11051-008-9417-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 389WM UT WOS:000262125200003 ER PT J AU Warren, JB AF Warren, John B. TI Elemental analysis of nanoparticles via electron beam lithography of patterned arrays on silicon-nitride membranes SO JOURNAL OF NANOPHOTONICS LA English DT Article DE Elemental x-ray analysis; carbon nanotube; nanoparticle; electron beam lithography; silicon-nitride membrane ID STEM AB I devised a method of electron beam lithography for patterning thin-film silicon-nitride membranes with nanoscale metal arrays of known dimensions. Employing SEM image-based metrology and ellipsometry to determine all three spatial dimensions of the metal nanostructures in the array, the calculated mass of each individual one can be used as a standard for elemental X-ray microanalysis. Thereafter, the net X-ray counts from the patterned nanostructures on a thin silicon-nitride substrate and nanoparticle unknowns can be compared directly for a "standards-based" quantitative analysis. The minimum mass detectable by this technique is similar to 10(-15) gm, supporting the determination of the absolute mass of nanoparticles with diameters as small as 20 to 30 nm. I then used a JEOL 6500F SEM equipped with a Bruker Quantax XFlash 4030 silicon drift detector (SDD) to assess the absolute masses of nickel nanoparticles contained in agglomerates of single-walled carbon nanotubes. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Warren, JB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM warren@bnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [De-AC002-98CH10886] FX This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. De-AC002-98CH10886 with the U. S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and with the publisher, by accepting this article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States government purchases. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1934-2608 J9 J NANOPHOTONICS JI J. Nanophotonics PY 2009 VL 3 AR 031990 DI 10.1117/1.3266495 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA 526WS UT WOS:000272327200009 ER PT J AU Cavalier, L Hengartner, N AF Cavalier, Laurent Hengartner, NicolasW. TI Estimating linear functionals in Poisson mixture models SO JOURNAL OF NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Poisson mixtures; linear functionals; inverse problems ID EXPONENTIAL FAMILY MODELS; MIXING DENSITIES; INVERSE PROBLEMS; DECONVOLUTION; RATES AB This paper concerns the problem of estimating linear functionals of the mixing distribution from Poisson mixture observations. In particular, linear functionals for which a parametric rate of convergence cannot be achieved are studied. It appears that Gaussian functionals are rather easy to estimate. Estimation of the distribution functions is then considered by approximating this functional using Gaussian functionals. Finally, the case of smooth distribution functions is considered in order to deal with rather general linear functionals. C1 [Cavalier, Laurent] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CMI, Lab Anal Topol & Probabil, F-13453 Marseille 13, France. [Hengartner, NicolasW.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Stat, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cavalier, L (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, CMI, Lab Anal Topol & Probabil, 39 Rue Joliot Curie, F-13453 Marseille 13, France. EM cavalier@cmi.univ-mrs.fr OI Hengartner, Nicolas/0000-0002-4157-134X NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1048-5252 EI 1029-0311 J9 J NONPARAMETR STAT JI J. Nonparametr. Stat. PY 2009 VL 21 IS 6 BP 713 EP 728 DI 10.1080/10485250902971716 PG 16 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 479NC UT WOS:000268665300004 ER PT J AU Windisch, CF Henager, CH Engelhard, MH Bennett, WD AF Windisch, C. F., Jr. Henager, C. H., Jr. Engelhard, M. H. Bennett, W. D. TI Raman and XPS characterization of fuel-cladding interactions using miniature specimens SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IRON CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; STEEL; PERSPECTIVE; REACTOR AB A combination of laser Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied in a study of fuel-cladding chemical interactions on miniature oxide-coated HT-9 disks at elevated temperature. The experiments were intended as a preliminary step toward the development of a quick-screening technique for candidate alloys for cladding materials and actinide-based mixed oxide fuel mixtures. The results indicated that laser Raman spectroscopy was capable of determining the major oxides on HT-9 and how they changed in composition due to heating. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was necessary to identify the role of the metallic phases and provide depth resolution. Using the two techniques the kinetics of chromia growth were shown to be affected by the presence of an applied oxide coating. A single replacement reaction involving residual reduced metal within the coating was also identified. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Windisch, C. F., Jr.; Henager, C. H., Jr.; Engelhard, M. H.; Bennett, W. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Fundamental & Computat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Windisch, CF (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Fundamental & Computat Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM cf.windisch@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This research was sponsored by the Sustainable Nuclear Power Initiative at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO1830. A portion of the research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 383 IS 3 BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.09.028 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 386TN UT WOS:000261905600006 ER PT J AU Talamo, A Pouchon, MA Venneri, F AF Talamo, Alberto Pouchon, Manuel A. Venneri, Francesco TI Alternative configurations for the QUADRISO fuel design concept SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; OXIDE AB This letter extends the work performed at Argonne National Laboratory on the QUADRISO fuel particles concept for High Temperature Reactors. Different configurations of the QUADRISO fuel particles concept are proposed and examined. The concept of QUADRISO fuel particles allocates an extra burnable poison layer next to the fuel kernel to reduce the initial excess of reactivity and enhance the reactor performance. The alternative proposed configurations introduced in this letter compare the performances of the previous configuration with two alternative configurations where the burnable poison is mixed in the fuel kernel for simplifying the manufacture process or in the outer pyrocarbon layer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Talamo, Alberto] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pouchon, Manuel A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Venneri, Francesco] Logos Corp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Talamo, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alby@anl.gov RI Pouchon, Manuel Alexandre/J-7213-2015; OI talamo, alberto/0000-0001-5685-0483 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported under U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors thank Dr. Domenico Paladino (PSI, Switzerland) for discussing the QUADRISO particles concept. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 383 IS 3 BP 264 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.09.010 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 386TN UT WOS:000261905600010 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, T Yoshida, T Ozaki, T Kozai, N Sakamoto, F Nankawa, T Suzuki, Y Francis, AJ AF Ohnuki, Toshihiko Yoshida, Takahiro Ozaki, Takuo Kozai, Naofumi Sakamoto, Fuminori Nankawa, Takuya Suzuki, Yoshinori Francis, Arokiasamy J. TI Modeling of the Interaction of Pu(VI) with the Mixture of Microorganism and Clay SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plutonium; soil bacteria; kaolinite; reduction; biotransformation; modeling ID PLUTONIUM; SORPTION; PU; ACCUMULATION; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; BACTERIA; AM AB A model analysis of the transformation of Pu(VI) in a mixture of a common soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and kaolinite clay was carried out. A simplified kinetic model, where the adsorptions of Pu(VI) and Pu(V) are assumed to be in instantaneous equilibrium and the two-step reduction of Pu(VI) to Pu(V) and then to Pu(IV) is described by a first-order rate law, was proposed. When we assumed in the model analysis that the reduction rate of Pu(V) to Pu(IV) was higher for B. subtilis than for kaolinite, the estimated fractions of Pu in the solution and in the mixture, and the oxidation states of Pu in the solution and in the Mixture were in good agreement with the measured ones. On the contrary, the assumption that the reduction rate of Pu(V) to Pu(IV) for kaolinite was the same as that for B. subtilis gave a wrong prediction of Pu association with the mixture. These results strongly suggest that Pu(V) on the bacterial cell is reduced to Pu(IV) by the bacterially mediated electron transfer process during the accumulation of Pu(VI) in the mixture. C1 [Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Yoshida, Takahiro; Ozaki, Takuo; Kozai, Naofumi; Sakamoto, Fuminori; Nankawa, Takuya; Suzuki, Yoshinori] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Yoshida, Takahiro] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. [Francis, Arokiasamy J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohnuki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM ohnuki.toshihiko@jaea.go.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Environmental Remediation Sciences Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH 10886] FX This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to T. Ohnuki, and by the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH 10886 to A. J. Francis. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3131 EI 1881-1248 J9 J NUCL SCI TECHNOL JI J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1080/18811248.2007.9711507 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 413BV UT WOS:000263768800009 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Ekechukwu, A AF Ashley, Kevin Ekechukwu, Amy TI Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and Their Detection November 17-19, 2008, Albuquerque, New Mexico SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Ashley, Kevin] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Ekechukwu, Amy] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 12 BP 89 EP 90 AR PII 916671120 DI 10.1080/15459620903158607 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517WQ UT WOS:000271650100001 PM 28125333 ER PT J AU Lumia, ME Gentile, C Gochfeld, M Efthimion, P Robson, M AF Lumia, Margaret E. Gentile, Charles Gochfeld, Michael Efthimion, Philip Robson, Mark TI Evaluation of an Innovative Use of Removable Thin Film Coating Technology for the Abatement of Hazardous Contaminants SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE abatement; contaminants; hazardous; thin film coating AB This study evaluates a new decontamination technique for the mitigation and abatement of hazardous particulates. The traditional decontamination methods used to clean facilities and equipment are time-consuming, prolonging workers' exposure time, may generate airborne hazards, and can be expensive. The use of removable thin film coating as a decontamination technique for surface contamination proved to be a more efficient method of decontamination. This method was tested at three different sites on different hazardous metals. One application of the coating reduced the levels of these metals 90% and had an average reduction of one magnitude. The paired t-tests that were performed for each metal demonstrated that there was a statistically significant reduction of the metal after the use of the coating: lead (p = 0.03), beryllium (p = 0.05), aluminum (p = 0.006), iron (p = 0.0001), and copper (p = 0.004). The Kendall tau-b correlation coefficient demonstrates that there was a positive correlation between the initial levels of contamination and the removal efficiency for all the samples taken from different locations on the floor for each of the three sites. This new decontamination technique worked efficiently, requiring only one application, which decreased exposure time and did not generate any airborne dust. C1 [Lumia, Margaret E.; Gentile, Charles; Efthimion, Philip] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08541 USA. [Gochfeld, Michael] Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Robson, Mark] Rutgers State Univ, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Efthimion, P (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Forrestal Campus,POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08541 USA. EM melumia@aol.com FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES005022] NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 8 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1080/15459620902966950 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 447DH UT WOS:000266171300006 PM 19437305 ER PT J AU Hong-Geller, E AF Hong-Geller, Elizabeth TI A Role for Cell Adhesion in Beryllium-Mediated Lung Disease SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 17-19, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM HO Univ New Mexico DE beryllium; cell adhesion; host immune response ID AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; T-CELLS; EXPOSURE; SENSITIZATION; EXPRESSION; CHEMOKINES; SARCOIDOSIS; IMMUNOLOGY; MOLECULE-1; ALPHA AB Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a debilitating lung disorder in which exposure to the lightweight metal beryllium (Be) causes the accumulation of beryllium-specific CD4+ T cells in the lung and formation of noncaseating pulmonary granulomas. Treatment for CBD patients who exhibit progressive pulmonary decline is limited to systemic corticosteroids, which suppress the severe host inflammatory response. Studies in the past several years have begun to highlight cell-cell adhesion interactions in the development of Be hypersensitivity and CBD. In particular, the high binding affinity between intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (I-CAM1) on lung epithelial cells and the 2 integrin LFA-1 on migrating lymphocytes and macrophages regulates the concerted rolling of immune cells to sites of inflammation in the lung. In this review, we discuss the evidence that implicates cell adhesion processes in onset of Be disease and the potential of cell adhesion as an intervention point for development of novel therapies. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong-Geller, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, TA-43,HRL1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ehong@lanl.gov NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 12 BP 727 EP 731 AR PII 916671011 DI 10.1080/15459620903011160 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517WQ UT WOS:000271650100004 PM 19894172 ER PT J AU McCleskey, TM Scott, BL AF McCleskey, T. Mark Scott, Brian L. TI Beryllium and Strong Hydrogen Bonds SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 17-19, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM HO Univ New Mexico DE beryllium; chronic beryllium disease; hydrogen bond ID COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; ALUMINUM CITRATE; COMPLEXES; DISEASE; METAL; BINDING; SAMPLES; LIGAND; ACIDS AB We compare beryllium to H+ and show that beryllium can displace H+ in many ostrong hydrogen bondso where Be as a otetrahedral protono (O-Be-O angle is tetrahedral as opposed to the nearly linear O-HO angle) is thermodynamically preferred. The strong hydrogen bond provides two advantages. First, the O-X distance in a strong hydrogen bond is in the range 2.4-2.8 angstrom, which brings two oxygen atoms into a predefined chelating binding site for beryllium. Second, the strong hydrogen bond provides a low barrier pathway to displace the proton without breaking a strong covalent O-H bond by shifting the proton to the more acidic site as Be interacts with the basic oxygen. The low barrier to proton transfer associated with a strong hydrogen bond provides a kinetic pathway for Be binding, and the binding strength increases with the increasing basicity of the site as indicated by the pKa. The physiological importance of this type of interaction is demonstrated with the solubility of a variety of Be complexes at pH 7. Based on this concept, new ligands have been designed for Be binding that solubilize Be in phosphate media and can be used as fluorescent imaging agents. Finally, the binding of Be to the iron transport protein transferrin is discussed as it relates to the same type of binding. C1 [McCleskey, T. Mark; Scott, Brian L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McCleskey, TM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA-MC,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM tmark@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017; OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396; Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 12 BP 751 EP 757 AR PII 916670962 DI 10.1080/15459620903025574 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517WQ UT WOS:000271650100008 PM 19894176 ER PT J AU Ekechukwu, A Hendricks, W White, KT Liabastre, A Archuleta, M Hoover, MD AF Ekechukwu, Amy Hendricks, Warren White, Kenneth T. Liabastre, Albert Archuleta, Melecita Hoover, Mark D. TI Validation of Analytical Methods and Instrumentation for Beryllium Measurement: Review and Summary of Available Guides, Procedures, and Protocols SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 17-19, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM HO Univ New Mexico DE analytical method development; beryllium; validation; protocol AB This document provides a listing of available sources that can be used to validate analytical methods and/or instrumentation for beryllium determination. A literature review was conducted of available standard methods and publications used for method validation and/or quality control. An annotated listing of the articles, papers, and books reviewed is given in the Appendix. Available validation documents and guides are listed therein; each has a brief description of application and use. In the referenced sources, there are varying approaches to validation and varying descriptions of the validation process at different stages in method development. This discussion focuses on validation and verification of fully developed methods and instrumentation that have been offered for use or approval by other laboratories or official consensus bodies such as ASTM International, the International Standards Organization, the International Electrotechnical Commission, and the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. This review was conducted as part of a collaborative effort to investigate and improve the state of validation for measuring beryllium in the workplace and the environment. Documents and publications from the United States and Europe are included. C1 [Ekechukwu, Amy] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Archuleta, Melecita] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Hoover, Mark D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. [Hendricks, Warren] Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Sandy, UT USA. [White, Kenneth T.] Consult Serv, Virginia Beach, VA USA. [Liabastre, Albert] USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Ft Mcpherson, GA USA. RP Ekechukwu, A (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Analyt Dev Bldg 773-41A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM amy.ekechukwu@srnl.doe.gov RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 12 BP 766 EP 774 AR PII 916671099 DI 10.1080/15459620903260536 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517WQ UT WOS:000271650100011 PM 19894179 ER PT J AU Silva, S Ganguly, K Fresquez, TM Gupta, G McCleskey, TM Chaudhary, A AF Silva, Shannon Ganguly, Kumkum Fresquez, Theresa M. Gupta, Goutam McCleskey, T. Mark Chaudhary, Anu TI Beryllium Alters Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Intracellular Phosphorylation and Cytokine Release in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 17-19, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM HO Univ New Mexico DE beryllium; cytokines; human; lipopolysaccharide ID HUMAN MONOCYTIC CELLS; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GRAIN DUST; T-CELLS; SARCOIDOSIS; ENDOTOXIN; DISEASE; ACTIVATION; MACROPHAGES AB Beryllium exposure in susceptible individuals leads to the development of chronic beryllium disease, a lung disorder marked by release of inflammatory cytokine and granuloma formation. We have previously reported that beryllium induces an immune response even in blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals. In this study, we investigate the effects of beryllium on lipopolysaccharide-mediated cytokine release in blood mononuclear and dendritic cells from healthy individuals. We found that in vitro treatment of beryllium sulfate inhibits the secretion of lipopolysaccharide-mediated interleukin 10, while the release of interleukin 1 is enhanced. In addition, not all lipopolysaccharide-mediated responses are altered, as interleukin 6 release in unaffected upon beryllium treatment. Beryllium sulfate-treated cells show altered phosphotyrosine levels upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Significantly, beryllium inhibits the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transducer 3, induced by lipopolysaccharide. Finally, inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3 kinase mimic the effects of beryllium in inhibition of interleukin 10 release, while they have no effect on interleukin 1 secretion. This study strongly suggests that prior exposures to beryllium could alter host immune responses to bacterial infections in healthy individuals, by altering intracellular signaling. C1 [Silva, Shannon; Ganguly, Kumkum; Gupta, Goutam; Chaudhary, Anu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [McCleskey, T. Mark] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Silva, Shannon; Fresquez, Theresa M.] No New Mexico Coll, Espanola, NM USA. RP Chaudhary, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, B-7,HRL-1,Mail Stop M888,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM anu@lanl.gov RI McCleskey, Thomas/J-4772-2012; OI Mccleskey, Thomas/0000-0003-3750-3245 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR018754] NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 12 BP 775 EP 782 AR PII 916670557 DI 10.1080/15459620903267986 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517WQ UT WOS:000271650100012 PM 19894180 ER PT J AU Brisson, MJ Archuleta, MM AF Brisson, Michael J. Archuleta, Melecita M. TI The Real Issue with Wall Deposits in Closed Filter CassettesWhat's the Sample? SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Beryllium Particulates and their Detection CY NOV 17-19, 2008 CL Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM HO Univ New Mexico DE exposure assessment; workplace monitoring; air sampling ID INHALABLE AEROSOL SAMPLERS; PERFORMANCE; DUST; EFFICIENCY; ERRORS; FACE AB The measurement of aerosol dusts has long been utilized to assess the exposure of workers to metals. Tools used to sample and measure aerosol dusts have gone through many transitions over the past century. In particular, there have been several different techniques used to sample for beryllium, not all of which might be expected to produce the same result. Today, beryllium samples are generally collected using filters housed in holders of several different designs, some of which are expected to produce a sample that mimics the human capacity for dust inhalation. The presence of dust on the interior walls of cassettes used to hold filters during metals sampling has been discussed in the literature for a number of metals, including beryllium, with widely varying data. It appears that even in the best designs, particulates can enter the sampling cassette and deposit on the interior walls rather than on the sampling medium. The causes are not well understood but are believed to include particle bounce, electrostatic forces, particle size, particle density, and airflow turbulence. Historically, the filter catch has been considered to be the sample, but the presence of wall deposits, and the potential that the filter catch is not representative of the exposure to the worker, puts that historical position into question. This leads to a fundamental question: What is the sample? This article reviews the background behind the issue, poses the above-mentioned question, and discusses options and a possible path forward for addressing that question. C1 [Archuleta, Melecita M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Brisson, Michael J.] Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Aiken, SC USA. RP Brisson, MJ (reprint author), Savannah River Nuclean Solut LLC, Analyt Labs, Washington Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site,Bldg 707-F, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM mike.brisson@srs.gov NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 EI 1545-9632 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2009 VL 6 IS 12 BP 783 EP 788 AR PII 916670900 DI 10.1080/15459620903261427 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517WQ UT WOS:000271650100013 PM 19894181 ER PT J AU Vesper, S McKinstry, C Bradham, K Ashley, P Cox, D Dewalt, G Lin, KT AF Vesper, Stephen McKinstry, Craig Bradham, Karen Ashley, Peter Cox, David Dewalt, Gary Lin, King-Teh TI Screening Tools to Estimate Mold Burdens in Homes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE MOLDINESS INDEX; PCR ANALYSIS; ERGOSTEROL; CHILDREN; ASTHMA; FUNGI; WATER; DUST AB Objective: The objective of this study was to develop screening tools that could be used to estimate the mold burden. in. a home which would indicate whether more detailed testing might be useful. Methods: Two possible screening methods we're considered for mold analysis: use vacuum cleaner bag dust rather than. the standard protocol dust samples and reducing the number of mold needed to be quantified resulting in the creation, Of an alternative mold burden scale. Results: Vacuum bag dust analysis placed the estimate of mold burden, into the upper or lower half of the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index scale. Mold burdens estimated by only 12 species produced an, index, the American Relative Moldiness Index, with a correlation of rho = 0.80 with the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index. Conclusions: Two screening tools were developed for estimating the mold burden in homes (J Occup Environ Med. 2009;51:80-86) C1 [Vesper, Stephen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [McKinstry, Craig] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Stat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bradham, Karen] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Ashley, Peter] Off Healthy Homes & Hazard Control, Dept Housing & Urban Dev, Washington, DC USA. [Cox, David; Dewalt, Gary] QuanTech, Arlington, VA USA. [Lin, King-Teh] Mycometr LLC, Monmouth Jct, NJ USA. RP Vesper, S (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML Kim Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM vesper.stephen@epa.gov FU EPA; The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) FX This research was partially Supported by funding from the EPA Asthma Initiative. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development and Housing and Urban Development (HUD). funded and collaborated in the research described here. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31818dc41e PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 394NB UT WOS:000262452300011 PM 19136876 ER PT J AU Bird, BW Abbott, MB Finney, BP Kutchko, B AF Bird, Broxton W. Abbott, Mark B. Finney, Bruce P. Kutchko, Barbara TI A 2000 year varve-based climate record from the central Brooks Range, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PALEOLIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Late Holocene climate change; Arctic; Varves; Brooks Range; Little Ice Age ID SUMMER TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION; SOUTHWEST YUKON-TERRITORY; BAFFIN-ISLAND; HOLOCENE GLACIATION; ELLESMERE-ISLAND; AGE CALIBRATION; LAKE-SEDIMENTS; THIN-SECTIONS; CANADA; LACUSTRINE AB Varved minerogenic sediments from glacial-fed Blue Lake, northern Alaska, are used to investigate late Holocene climate variability. Varve-thickness measurements track summer temperature recorded at Atigun Pass, located 41 km east at a similar elevation (r (2) = 0.31, P = 0.08). Results indicate that climate in the Brooks Range from 10 to 730 AD (varve year) was warm with precipitation inferred to be higher than during the twentieth century. The varve-temperature relationship for this period was likely compromised and not used in our temperature reconstruction because the glacier was greatly reduced, or absent, exposing sub-glacial sediments to erosion from enhanced precipitation. Varve-inferred summer temperatures and precipitation decreased after 730 AD, averaging 0.4A degrees C above the last millennial average (LMA = 4.2A degrees C) from 730 to 850 AD, and 0.1A degrees C above the LMA from 850 to 980 AD. Cooling culminated between 980 and 1030 AD with temperatures 0.7A degrees C below the LMA. Varve-inferred summer temperatures increased between 1030 and 1620 AD to the LMA, though the period between 1260 and 1350 AD was 0.2A degrees C below the LMA. Although there is no equivalent to the European Medieval Warm Period in the Blue Lake record, two warm intervals occurred from 1350 to 1450 AD and 1500 to 1620 AD (0.4 and 0.3A degrees C above the LMA, respectively). During the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1620 to 1880 AD), inferred summer temperature averaged 0.2A degrees C below the LMA. After 1880 AD, inferred summer temperature increased to 0.8A degrees C above the LMA, glaciers retreated, but aridity persisted based on a number of regional paleoclimate records. Despite warming and glacial retreat, varve thicknesses have not achieved pre-730 AD levels. This reflects limited sediment availability and transport due to a less extensive retreat compared to the first millennium, and continued relative aridity. Overall, the Blue Lake record is similar to varve records from the eastern Canadian Arctic that document a cool LIA and twentieth century warming. However, the occurrence and timing of events, such as the LIA and Medieval Warm Period, varies considerably among records, suggesting heterogeneous climatic patterns across the North American Arctic. C1 [Bird, Broxton W.; Abbott, Mark B.; Kutchko, Barbara] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Finney, Bruce P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Kutchko, Barbara] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Bird, BW (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, 4107 OHara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM bwb8@pitt.edu FU National Science Foundation [ARC0454941]; Limnological Research Center at the University of Minnesota FX This research was funded by the National Science Foundation as part of the ARCSS 2 kyr project, award #ARC0454941. We extend special thanks to Erik Rapoport Esq., Toby Schwoerer, Dan Nelson, and Byron Steinman for their invaluable assistance in the field. We also acknowledge the staff of the Limnological Research Center at the University of Minnesota for their assistance with core processing and imaging. Finally, we thank the three anonymous reviewers and Darrell Kaufman for their comments, which greatly strengthened the quality of the manuscript. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2728 EI 1573-0417 J9 J PALEOLIMNOL JI J. Paleolimn. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1007/s10933-008-9262-y PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 395EF UT WOS:000262505400003 ER PT J AU Guerrero, DJ Xu, H Mercado, R Blackwell, J AF Guerrero, Douglas J. Xu, Hao Mercado, Ramil Blackwell, James TI Underlayer Designs to Enhance EUV Resist Performance SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EUV; underlayer; photoacid generator; sensitizer; PAG AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has gained momentum as the method of choice for <32-nm half-pitch device fabrication. In this paper, we describe our initial efforts to increase the EUV resist's performance via introduction of a thermally crosslinkable underlayer. We have demonstrated the benefits of adding an EUV underlayer into the regular EUV litho stack and investigated the effect of underlayer film thickness, post-coat bake temperature, and adding other additives such as PAG and sensitizer on the overall litho performance of EUV resists. C1 [Guerrero, Douglas J.; Xu, Hao; Mercado, Ramil] Brewer Sci Inc, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. [Blackwell, James] Intel, Mol Adv Patterning MAP Program, LBNL Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Guerrero, DJ (reprint author), Brewer Sci Inc, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. EM dguerrero@brewerscience.com NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 470RQ UT WOS:000267997800018 ER PT J AU Bhatti, A Bollen, B Cardaci, M Chlebana, F Esen, S Harris, RM Jha, MK Kousouris, K Mason, D Zielinski, M AF Bhatti, Anwar Bollen, Benjamin Cardaci, Marco Chlebana, Frank Esen, Selda Harris, Robert M. Jha, Manoj K. Kousouris, Konstantinos Mason, David Zielinski, Marek TI CMS search plans and sensitivity to new physics with dijets SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHENOMENOLOGY; COLLISIONS; QUARK AB The compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment will use dijets to search for physics beyond the standard model during early LHC running. The inclusive jet cross section as a function of jet transverse momentum, with 10 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity, is sensitive to contact interactions beyond the reach of the Tevatron. The dijet mass distribution will be used to search for dijet resonances coming from new particles, for example an excited quark. Additional sensitivity to the existence of contact interactions or dijet resonances can be obtained by comparing dijet rates in two distinct pseudorapidity regions. C1 [Bhatti, Anwar] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Bollen, Benjamin; Cardaci, Marco] Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Chlebana, Frank; Harris, Robert M.; Kousouris, Konstantinos; Mason, David] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Esen, Selda] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Jha, Manoj K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Jha, Manoj K.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Zielinski, Marek] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Bhatti, A (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM rharris@fnal.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/36/1/015004 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 372FF UT WOS:000260886800005 ER PT J AU Michel, N Nazarewicz, W Ploszajczak, M Vertse, T AF Michel, N. Nazarewicz, W. Ploszajczak, M. Vertse, T. TI Shell model in the complex energy plane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID MATRIX RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; RIGGED HILBERT-SPACE; RANDOM-PHASE-APPROXIMATION; RESONANT STATE EXPANSIONS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; GAMOW STATES; NUCLEAR-REACTIONS; QUANTUM-THEORY; DEFORMED-NUCLEI AB This work reviews foundations and applications of the complex-energy continuum shell model that provides a consistent many-body description of bound states, resonances and scattering states. The model can be considered a quasi-stationary open quantum system extension of the standard configuration interaction approach for well-bound (closed) systems. C1 [Michel, N.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Michel, N.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, IRFU, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Nazarewicz, W.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Nazarewicz, W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nazarewicz, W.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Ploszajczak, M.] CEA, IN2P3, CNRS, DSM,GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. [Vertse, T.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Vertse, T.] Univ Debrecen, Fac Informat Sci, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Michel, N (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Grad Sch Sci, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-96ER40963]; UT-Battelle [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory and by the Hungarian OTKA fund [T46791] FX Valuable discussions with G Hagen, A T Kruppa and J Rotureau are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy under contract nos DE-FG02-96ER40963 (University of Tennessee), DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory and by the Hungarian OTKA fund no T46791. NR 227 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 36 IS 1 AR 013101 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/36/1/013101 PG 40 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 372FF UT WOS:000260886800001 ER PT J AU Mutisya, J Sun, CX Rosenquist, S Baguma, Y Jansson, C AF Mutisya, Joel Sun, Chuanxin Rosenquist, Sara Baguma, Yona Jansson, Christer TI Diurnal oscillation of SBE expression in sorghum endosperm SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Barley; Endosperm; Oscillation; SBE; Sorghum ID STARCH-BRANCHING ENZYMES; BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; GENE-EXPRESSION; SYNTHASE-I; ARABIDOPSIS LEAVES; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; POTATO-TUBERS; BIOSYNTHESIS; SUGAR; RICE AB Spatial and temporal expression patterns of the sorghum SBEI, SBEIIA and SBEIIB genes, encoding, respectively, starch branching enzyme (SBE) I, IIA and IIB, in the developing endosperm of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were studied. Full-length genomic and cDNA clones for sorghum were cloned, and the SBEIIA cDNA was used together with gene-specific probes for sorghum SBEIIB and SBEI. In contrast to sorghum SBEIIB, which was expressed primarily in endosperm and embryo, SBEIIA was also expressed in vegetative tissues. All three genes shared a similar temporal expression profile during endosperm development, with a maximum activity at 15-24 d after pollination. This differed from barley and maize, in which SBEI gene activity showed a significantly later onset compared to that of SBEIIA and SBEIIB. Expression of the three SBE genes in the sorghum endosperm exhibited a diurnal. rhythm during a 24-h cycle. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 [Jansson, Christer] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mutisya, Joel; Sun, Chuanxin; Rosenquist, Sara; Jansson, Christer] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Plant Biol & Forest Genet, Uppsala BioCtr, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Mutisya, Joel] KARI, Nairobi, Kenya. [Baguma, Yona] Makerere Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Kampala, Uganda. RP Jansson, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cgjansson@lbl.gov FU Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas); Sida/SAREC [BIO332 EARN]; US Department of Energy [DE333 AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas), Sida/SAREC under the auspices of the East Africa Regional Program and Research Network for Biotechnology, Biosafety and Biotechnology Policy Development program (BIO332 EARN), and in part by the US Department of Energy Contract DE333 AC02-05CH11231 with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. We would also like to thank the reviewers for constructive criticism. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PY 2009 VL 166 IS 4 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.06.017 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 411YZ UT WOS:000263691700010 PM 18790548 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, AM Scheibe, TD Meakin, P AF Tartakovsky, Alexandre M. Scheibe, Timothy D. Meakin, Paul TI Pore-Scale Model for Reactive Transport and Biomass Growth SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; POROUS-MEDIA; FLOW; SIMULATION; DETACHMENT; FLUID; FRACTURES; DIFFUSION AB Two Lagrangian particle models for biomass growth in porous media were proposed. In the first model, a cellular automata approach was used to model interactions of biomass with a fluid. In the second model, pair-wise particle-particle interactions were used to simulate interactions within the biomass and both biomass-fluid and biomass-soil grain interactions. The biomass growth rate in both models was described by double Monod kinetics. For the set of parameters used in the simulations, both models produced qualitatively similar predictions: (1) biomass grows in the shape of bridges connecting soil grains and oriented in the direction of flow so as to minimize resistance to the fluid flow; (2) the solution containing electron donors and acceptors rapidly becomes depleted as it enters the fractured porous domain; and (3) the biomass growth occurs mainly at the entrance into the fracture. Quantitative predictions, such as total mass of microbes and spatial distribution of microbe concentration, were found to be strongly dependent on the type of model. The model that accounted for the detachment and attachment of the microbes predicted a higher ability of biomass to spread along preferential flow paths and seal off the porous matrix than the model with immobile biomass phase. C1 [Tartakovsky, Alexandre M.; Scheibe, Timothy D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Meakin, Paul] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Tartakovsky, AM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov RI Scheibe, Timothy/A-8788-2008 OI Scheibe, Timothy/0000-0002-8864-5772 FU Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC06-76RL01830]; Idaho National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Battelle Energy Alliance [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This research was supported by the Environmental Remediation Science Program of the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC06-76RL01830, and the Idaho National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Battelle Energy Alliance under contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 39 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 15 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1091-028X J9 J POROUS MEDIA JI J. Porous Media PY 2009 VL 12 IS 5 BP 417 EP 434 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 438HU UT WOS:000265547300003 ER PT J AU Mukhopadhyay, S Sonnenthal, EL Spycher, N AF Mukhopadhyay, Sumit Sonnenthal, Eric L. Spycher, Nicolas TI Modeling of Coupled Heat Transfer and Reactive Transport Processes in Porous Media: Application to Seepage Studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED FRACTURED ROCK; WASTE EMPLACEMENT TUNNELS; FLUID-FLOW; GEOCHEMICAL TRANSPORT; CHEMICAL-PROCESSES; DRIFT; HETEROGENEITY; PERMEABILITY; SIMULATION; REPOSITORY AB When hot, radioactive waste is placed in subsurface tunnels, complex changes are expected to occur in the surrounding rocks. Water in the pore space of the medium may undergo vaporization and boiling. Subsequently, vapor may migrate out of the rock pore space, moving away through the permeable fracture network. This migration can be propelled by buoyancy, by the increased vapor pressure resulting from boiling, and through convection. In cooler regions, the vapor may condense, where it can drain through the fracture network. Thereafter, imbibition of water may lead to rewetting of the rock matrix. These thermal and hydrological processes may also bring about chemical changes in the rocks. Amorphous silica can precipitate from boiling and evaporation, and calcite from heating and CO2 volatilization. The precipitation of amorphous silica and calcite can lead to long-term permeability reduction. Evaporative concentration also results in the precipitation of gypsum (or anhydrite), halite, fluorite, and other salts. These evaporative minerals eventually redissolve after boiling ceases; however their precipitation may lead to a temporary decrease in permeability. Reduction of permeability is also associated with changes in fracture capillary characteristics. In short, the coupled thermal-hydrological-chemical (THC) processes may dynamically alter the hydrological properties of the rock. A model based on the TOUGHREACT reactive transport software is presented here to investigate the impact of these THC processes on flow near an emplacement tunnel at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. We show how transient changes in hydrological properties caused by THC processes may lead to local flow channeling and seepage. C1 [Mukhopadhyay, Sumit; Sonnenthal, Eric L.; Spycher, Nicolas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mukhopadhyay, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Smukhopadhyay@lbl.gov RI Spycher, Nicolas/E-6899-2010; Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energ [EA9013MC5X, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, U.S. Department of Energy, through memorandum purchase order EA9013MC5X between Bechtel SAIC Company, LLC, and the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). The support is provided to Berkeley Lab through the U.S. Department of Energy contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are thankful to the anonymous reviewers of Journal of Porous Media for their comments and constructive suggestions on the original manuscript. Review and comments of Guoxiang Zhang and Dan Hawkes from Berkeley Lab are greatly appreciated. Assistance of Diana Swantek form Berkeley Lab in preparing Figs. 1 and 2 is thankfully acknowledged. Figures 6, 7, 8, and 12 were developed using the software Generic Mapping Tool (Wessel and Smith, 1998). NR 54 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1091-028X J9 J POROUS MEDIA JI J. Porous Media PY 2009 VL 12 IS 8 BP 725 EP 748 PG 24 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 490JR UT WOS:000269497600002 ER PT J AU Hung, Y Tawfik, H Mahajan, D AF Hung, Y. Tawfik, H. Mahajan, D. TI Durability and characterization studies of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell's coated aluminum bipolar plates and membrane electrode assembly SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE PEM fuel cell; Metallic bipolar plates ID STAINLESS-STEEL; PEMFC AB Coated aluminum bipolar plates demonstrate better mechanical strength, ease of manufacturability, and lower interfacial contact resistance (ICR) than graphite composite plates in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell applications. In this study, coated aluminum and graphite composite bipolar plates were installed in separate single PEM fuel cells and tested under normal operating conditions and cyclic loading. After 1000 h of operation, samples of both the bipolar plates and the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) were collected from both the cathode and the anode sides of the cell and characterized to examine the stability and integrity of the plate coating and evaluate possible changes of the ionic conductivity of the membrane due any electrochemical reaction with the coating material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were performed on the land and valley surfaces of the reactant flow fields at both the anode and the cathode sides of the bipolar plates. The measurements were superimposed on the reference to identify possible zones of anomalies for the purpose of conducting focused studies in these locations. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of samples scraped from the anode and cathode electrodes of the MEA showed the tendency for catalyst growth that could result in power degradation. Samples of the by-product water produced during the single fuel cell operation were also collected and tested for the existence of chromium, nickel, carbon, iron, sulfur and aluminum using mass spectroscopy techniques. The EDX measurements indicated the possibility of dissociation and dissolution of nickel chrome that was used as the binder for the carbide-based corrosion-resistant coating with the aluminum substrate. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hung, Y.; Tawfik, H.] SUNY, Farmingdale State Coll, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. [Tawfik, H.; Mahajan, D.] SUNY Stony Brook, AERTC, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hung, Y.; Tawfik, H.; Mahajan, D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Mahajan, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hung, Y (reprint author), SUNY, Farmingdale State Coll, Farmingdale, NY 11735 USA. EM hungy@farmingdale.edu NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 186 IS 1 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.09.079 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 399JK UT WOS:000262796000016 ER PT J AU Chourey, K Thompson, MR Shah, M Zhang, B VerBerkmoes, NC Thompson, DK Hettich, RL AF Chourey, Karuna Thompson, Melissa R. Shah, Manesh Zhang, Bing VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Thompson, Dorothea K. Hettich, Robert L. TI Comparative Temporal Proteomics of a Response Regulator (SO2426)-Deficient Strain and Wild-Type Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 During Chromate Transformation SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Shewanella oneidensis; response regulator-deficient strain; chromate challenge; liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry; linear trapping quadrupole; shotgun proteomics; posttranslational modifications ID SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; BACTERIAL CHEMOTAXIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; CHROMIUM(VI) REDUCTASE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; ABSOLUTE PROTEIN AB Predicted orphan response regulators encoded in the Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 genome are poorly understood from a cellular function perspective. Our previous transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrated that an annotated DNA-binding response regulator, SO2426, was significantly up-regulated in wild-type S. oneidensis cells at both the mRNA and protein levels in response to acute chromate [Cr(VI)] challenge, suggesting a potential regulatory role for this protein in metal stress pathways. To investigate the impact of SO2426 activity on chromate stress response at a genome-wide scale, we describe here comparative and temporal proteome characterizations using multidimensional HPLC-MS/MS and statistical analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins in biological replicates of wild-type S. oneidensis MR-1 and a so2426 deletion (Delta so2426) strain, which exhibited an impaired Cr(VI) transformation rate compared to that of the parental strain. Global protein profiles were examined at different time intervals (0, 1, 3, 4 h) following exogenous chromate challenge. Results indicated that deletion of the so2426 gene negatively affected expression of a small protein subset (27 proteins) including those with annotated functions in siderophore biosynthesis (SO3032), Fe uptake (SO4743), intracellular Fe storage (Bfr1), and other transport processes. Cr(VI) exposure and subsequent transformation dramatically increased the number of differentially expressed proteins detected, with up-regulated abundance patterns observed largely for proteins involved in general stress protection and detoxification strategies, cell motility, and protein fate. In addition, the proteome data sets were mined for amino acids with potential post-translational modifications (PTMs) indicative of a level of gene expression regulation extending beyond the transcriptional control imposed by SO2426. C1 [Thompson, Melissa R.; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.; Hettich, Robert L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chourey, Karuna] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Shah, Manesh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Bing] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Thompson, Dorothea K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hettich, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, POB 2008,MS 6131, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dthomps@purdue.edu; hettichrl@ornl.gov RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; , /0000-0002-9216-3813 FU University of Tennessee (Knoxville)-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology; Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64163] FX M. R. Thompson acknowledges support from the University of Tennessee (Knoxville)-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology. We thank Dr. Yuan (Susie) Dai and Carlee McClintock for critical reading of the manuscript and excellent suggestions. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-06ER64163. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by University of Tennessee-Battelle LLC for the Department of Energy under contract DOE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 63 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 EI 1535-3907 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 SI SI BP 59 EP 71 DI 10.1021/pr800776d PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 390NN UT WOS:000262171100007 PM 19118451 ER PT J AU Shui, WQ Gilmore, SA Sheu, L Liu, J Keasling, JD Bertozzi, CR AF Shui, Wenqing Gilmore, Sarah A. Sheu, Leslie Liu, Jun Keasling, Jay D. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Host-Pathogen Interactions: The Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipids SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cell wall lipids; macrophage; iTRAQ; SILAC; differential expression ID ISOBARIC TAGGING REAGENTS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CODED AFFINITY TAGS; CELL-WALL LIPIDS; INFECTED MACROPHAGES; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; MESSENGER-RNA; BOVIS BCG; PROTEIN; ITRAQ AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is an intracellular pathogen possessing a complex mixture of cell wall lipids that are thought to modulate the activities of host macrophages. In this study, we employed two state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic approaches, metabolic labeling SILAC and chemical isobaric tagging iTRAQ, to study changes in macrophage protein expression in response to exposure to M. tuberculosis lipids. From a total of 1286 proteins identified, 463 were discovered by both isotope-labeling strategies at a high consistency, and the rest of proteins were detected by only one of the two approaches. Upon exposure to mycobacterial cell wall lipids, 166 macrophage proteins showed differential expression. These included proteins involved in the immune response, oxidation and reduction, and vesicle transport, as well as other cellular processes. The response of the macrophage proteome to M. tuberculosis lipids reflects the cell's innate defense mechanisms as well as lipid-induced processes that may benefit the pathogen. C1 [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shui, Wenqing; Sheu, Leslie; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilmore, Sarah A.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Jun] Bayer HealthCare LLC, Biol Prod Div, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu; crb@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU National Institutes of Health [AI51622] FX We thank Kangyu Zhang and Ding Chen for important help with statistical tests and proteomic data analysis. This research was supported by a grant to C.R.B. from the National Institutes of Health (AI51622). NR 67 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 BP 282 EP 289 DI 10.1021/pr800422e PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 390NN UT WOS:000262171100029 PM 19053526 ER PT J AU Qian, WJ Liu, T Petyuk, VA Gritsenko, MA Petritis, BO Polpitiya, AD Kaushal, A Xiao, W Finnerty, CC Jeschke, MG Jaitly, N Monroe, ME Moore, RJ Moldawer, LL Davis, RW Tompkins, RG Herndon, DN Camp, DG Smith, RD AF Qian, Wei-Jun Liu, Tao Petyuk, Vladislav A. Gritsenko, Marina A. Petritis, Brianne O. Polpitiya, Ashoka D. Kaushal, Amit Xiao, Wenzhong Finnerty, Celeste C. Jeschke, Marc G. Jaitly, Navdeep Monroe, Matthew E. Moore, Ronald J. Moldawer, Lyle L. Davis, Ronald W. Tompkins, Ronald G. Herndon, David N. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. CA Inflammat & Host Response Injury L TI Large-Scale Multiplexed Quantitative Discovery Proteomics Enabled by the Use of an O-18-Labeled "Universal" Reference Sample SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human plasma; proteomics; O-18 labeling; Reference; LC-MS; accurate mass and time tag; label-free quantitation isotope-labeling ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEOMICS; TIME TAG APPROACH; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ACCURATE MASS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; MOUSE-BRAIN; PHOSPHORYLATION; REPRODUCIBILITY; QUANTIFICATION AB The quantitative comparison of protein abundances across a large number of biological or patient samples represents an important proteomics challenge that needs to be addressed for proteomics discovery applications. Herein, we describe a strategy that incorporates a stable isotope O-18-labeled "universal" reference sample as a comprehensive set of internal standards for analyzing large sample sets quantitatively. As a pooled sample, the O-18-labeled "universal" reference sample is spiked into each individually processed unlabeled biological sample and the peptide/protein abundances are quantified based on O-16/O-18 isotopic peptide pair abundance ratios that compare each unlabeled sample to the identical reference sample. This approach also allows for the direct application of label-free quantitation across the sample set simultaneously along with the labeling-approach (i.e., dual-quantitation) since each biological sample is unlabeled except for the labeled reference sample that is used as internal standards. The effectiveness of this approach for large-scale quantitative proteomics is demonstrated by its application to a set of 18 plasma samples from severe burn patients. When immunoaffinity depletion and cysteinyl-peptide enrichment-based fractionation with high resolution LC-MS measurements were combined, a total of 312 plasma proteins were confidently identified and quantified with a minimum of two unique peptides per protein. The isotope labeling data was directly compared with the label-free O-16-MS intensity data extracted from the same data sets. The results showed that the O-18 reference-based labeling approach had significantly better quantitative precision compared to the label-free approach. The relative abundance differences determined by the two approaches also displayed strong correlation, illustrating the complementary nature of the two quantitative methods. The simplicity of including the O-18-reference for accurate quantitation makes this strategy especially attractive when a large number of biological samples are involved in a study where label-free quantitation may be problematic, for example, due to issues associated with instrument platform robustness. The approach will also be useful for more effectively discovering subtle abundance changes in broad systems biology studies. C1 [Qian, Wei-Jun; Liu, Tao; Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Gritsenko, Marina A.; Petritis, Brianne O.; Polpitiya, Ashoka D.; Jaitly, Navdeep; Monroe, Matthew E.; Moore, Ronald J.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Qian, Wei-Jun; Liu, Tao; Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Gritsenko, Marina A.; Petritis, Brianne O.; Polpitiya, Ashoka D.; Jaitly, Navdeep; Monroe, Matthew E.; Moore, Ronald J.; Camp, David G., II; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kaushal, Amit; Xiao, Wenzhong; Davis, Ronald W.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Finnerty, Celeste C.; Jeschke, Marc G.; Herndon, David N.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Shriners Burns Hosp, Dept Surg, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. [Moldawer, Lyle L.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Tompkins, Ronald G.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Shriners Burn Ctr, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02114 USA. [Tompkins, Ronald G.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Liu, Tao/A-9020-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Liu, Tao/0000-0001-9529-6550; Petyuk, Vladislav/0000-0003-4076-151X FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences [U54 GM-62119-02, T32 GM-008256]; NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR18522]; Entertainment Industry Foundation (EIF); EIF Women's Cancer Research Fund to the Breast Cancer Biomarker Discovery Consortium; Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory; Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO-1830] FX Portions of this research were supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS, Large Scale Collaborative Research Grants U54 GM-62119-02 and T32 GM-008256), the NIH National Center for Research Resources (RR18522), the Entertainment Industry Foundation (EIF), and the EIF Women's Cancer Research Fund to the Breast Cancer Biomarker Discovery Consortium, and the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory [a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)]. PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 1 SI SI BP 290 EP 299 DI 10.1021/pr800467r PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 390NN UT WOS:000262171100030 PM 19053531 ER PT J AU Borkowski, JJ Piepel, GF AF Borkowski, John J. Piepel, Greg F. TI Uniform Designs for Highly Constrained Mixture Experiments SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lattice-Point Sets; Mixture Experiment Designs; Multiple-Component Constraints; Number-Theoretic Nets; Single-Component Constraints; Space-Filling Designs ID LATIN-HYPERCUBE DESIGNS; COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS; DISTANCE DESIGNS; MINIMAX; MODELS; OUTPUT AB The goal of a space-filling design is to uniformly scatter the design points in the experimental region of interest. For mixture experiment designs of reasonable size, as the dimensionality of the experimental region increases, space-filling design criteria (such as maximin and minimax) place most, if not all, design points at or near the boundary of the constrained region. This article introduces two number-theoretic methods for generating space-filling (specifically uniform) designs for constrained mixture experiments defined by single- and multiple-component constraints, The two methods are illustrated for a simple 3-component mixture problem and a more complicated 16-component waste-glass mixture problem. The uniform scatter of the points in the resulting designs is evaluated using three distance-based criteria. C1 [Borkowski, John J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Piepel, Greg F.] Stat & Sensor Analyt, Stat & Sensor Analyt Grp, Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Borkowski, JJ (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM jobo@math.montana.edu; greg.piepel@pnl.gov NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA 600 N PLANKINTON AVE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53203 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 1 BP 35 EP 47 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 392KJ UT WOS:000262301300005 ER PT J AU Moody, KJ AF Moody, K. J. TI Gamma-rays emitted in the alpha-decay of Cm-245 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACTINIDE ELEMENTS; HEAVY ELEMENTS; CURIUM; PURIFICATION; CALORIMETRY; AMERICIUM; ENERGIES; NUCLEI; REGION; SERIES AB It has been observed that the intensities of the gamma-rays emitted in the alpha-decay of Cm-245 reported in the literature result in calculated concentrations that do not agree with those obtained via other methods. In this work, a Cm-245 sample was chemically isolated from a sample of Cf-249, and the gamma-ray intensities were measured relative to the alpha-particle emission rate of the resulting source; there is a systematic bias relative to the literature intensities of approximately 8%. In addition, gamma-rays that have never before been observed in the decay of Cm-245 are placed in the level scheme of the decay product, Pu-241. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Weapons & Complex Integrat Directorate, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moody, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Weapons & Complex Integrat Directorate, AX Div, L-031, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM moody3@llnl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX I would like to thank R. W. LOUGHEED and J. H. LANDRUM for supplying the californium targets and providing advice on chemical purification of the curium daughter. R. W. WIKKERINK identified the spectroscopy problem in counting the bomb-fraction tracer materials. R. J. NAGLE helped to make the photon measurements and devised the cadmium attenuator scheme; he was also pivotal in running GRPANL and GAMANAL. Y. M. X. M. DARDENNE proofread the manuscript and made valuable suggestions. I am indebted for the use of the 249Cf target material, and the 249Bk from which it was milked, to the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy, through the transplutonium-element production facilities of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This work was performed under the auspices of the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 with the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 279 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-7222-z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 387SK UT WOS:000261971700003 ER PT J AU Poineau, F Hartmann, T Chinthaka Silva, GW Jarvinen, G Czerwinski, K AF Poineau, F. Hartmann, T. Chinthaka Silva, G. W. Jarvinen, G. Czerwinski, K. TI Preparation of technetium metal by thermal treatment under argon/H2O SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A new method for the preparation of Tc metal from pertechnetate is described. Metallic technetium was prepared from TcO4- by initial reduction in dry argon atmosphere at 300 degrees C followed by a wet argon atmosphere in the presence of carbon between 700 and 910 degrees C. The higher temperature conditions in the presence of H2O and carbon form H-2 and CO, which can drive the reduction of TcO2. This method was applied to the recovery of pertechnetate sorbed on anion-exchange resins resulting in the formation of Tc metal microspheres. The resulting Tc was characterized by XRD analysis and SEM. C1 [Poineau, F.; Chinthaka Silva, G. W.; Czerwinski, K.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Hartmann, T.] Idaho State Univ, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Jarvinen, G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst, Stockpile Mfg & Support Directorate, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poineau, F (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, 4505 Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM freder29@unlv.nevada.edu RI Silva, G W Chinthaka/K-8431-2012; Silva, Chinthaka/E-1416-2017 OI Silva, Chinthaka/0000-0003-4637-6030 FU U. S. DOE FX The authors wish to thank the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership of the U. S. DOE for support of this work. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 279 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-7259-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 387SK UT WOS:000261971700006 ER PT J AU Jackman, KR Biegalski, SR AF Jackman, K. R. Biegalski, S. R. TI Methods and software for predicting germanium detector absolute full-energy peak efficiencies SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; COINCIDENCE-SUMMING CORRECTIONS; DIFFERENT COUNTING GEOMETRIES; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; SEMICONDUCTOR-DETECTORS; GE(LI) DETECTORS; HPGE DETECTOR; NUCLEAR SPECTROMETRY; PHOTOPEAK EFFICIENCY; INTERACTION DEPTH AB High-purity germanium (HPGe) and lithium drifted germanium (Ge(Li)) detectors have been the detector of choice for high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy for many years. This is primarily due to the superior energy resolution that germanium detectors present over other gamma-ray detectors. In order to perform quantitative analyses with germanium detectors, such as activity determination or nuclide identification, one must know the absolute full-energy peak efficiency at the desired gamma-ray energy. Many different methods and computer codes have been developed throughout history in an effort to predict these efficiencies using minimal or no experimental observations. A review of these methods and the computer codes that utilize them is presented. C1 [Jackman, K. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jackman, K. R.; Biegalski, S. R.] Univ Texas Austin, Nucl Engn Teaching Lab, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Jackman, KR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jackmank@gmail.com RI Biegalski, Steven/A-7765-2010 NR 58 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 279 IS 1 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1007/s10967-007-7318-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 387SK UT WOS:000261971700044 ER PT J AU Ruhle, S Segal, A Vilan, A Kurtz, SR Grinis, L Zaban, A Lubomirsky, I Cahen, D AF Ruehle, Sven Segal, Akiba Vilan, Ayelet Kurtz, Sarah R. Grinis, Larissa Zaban, Arie Lubomirsky, Igor Cahen, David TI A two junction, four terminal photovoltaic device for enhanced light to electric power conversion using a low-cost dichroic mirror SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-ENERGY CONVERSION; DETAILED BALANCE LIMIT; 3RD-GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAICS; EFFICIENCY; CELLS AB A low-cost dichroic mirror can be used successfully for solar spectrum splitting to enhance solar to electrical energy conversion. The mirror is optimized for use with a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell (pc-Si). With the dichroic mirror simultaneous excitation of a medium-efficient (11.1%) commercial pc-Si and a custom-made high band gap GaInP cell (12.3%), yields 16.8% efficiency, with both cells operating at maximum power. Our results clearly show that what is missing for this simple low-cost enhancement of Si solar cell efficiency are low-cost high band gap cells. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3081510] C1 [Ruehle, Sven; Grinis, Larissa; Zaban, Arie] Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Segal, Akiba; Vilan, Ayelet] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Res Support, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Vilan, Ayelet; Lubomirsky, Igor; Cahen, David] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mat & Interfaces, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Kurtz, Sarah R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zaban, A (reprint author), Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Chem, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. EM zabana@mail.biu.ac.il; Igor.Lubomirsky@weizmann.ac.il; David.Cahen@weizmann.ac.il RI Ruhle, Sven/A-5585-2008 FU Ormat Turbines Ltd.; Yeda RD FX I. L., A. Z., and D. C. thank Ormat Turbines Ltd. and Yeda R&D for support and O. Stafsudd (UCLA) for fruitful discussions and advice. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1941-7012 J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 1 IS 1 AR 013106 DI 10.1063/1.3081510 PG 6 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 583LG UT WOS:000276676200006 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ Lowhorn, ND Wong-Ng, W Zhang, W Thomas, EL Otani, M Green, ML Tran, TN Caylor, C Dilley, NR Downey, A Edwards, B Elsner, N Ghamaty, S Hogan, T Jie, Q Li, Q Martin, J Nolas, G Obara, H Sharp, J Venkatasubramanian, R Willigan, R Yang, J Tritt, T AF Lu, Z. Q. J. Lowhorn, N. D. Wong-Ng, W. Zhang, W. Thomas, E. L. Otani, M. Green, M. L. Tran, T. N. Caylor, C. Dilley, N. R. Downey, A. Edwards, B. Elsner, N. Ghamaty, S. Hogan, T. Jie, Q. Li, Q. Martin, J. Nolas, G. Obara, H. Sharp, J. Venkatasubramanian, R. Willigan, R. Yang, J. Tritt, T. TI Statistical Analysis of a Round-Robin Measurement Survey of Two Candidate Materials for a Seebeck Coefficient Standard Reference Material SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bismuth telluride; consensus mean curve; Constantan; functional data analysis; Ridge regression modeling; round-robin; Seebeck coefficient; Standard Reference Material; thermoelectric ID BAYESIAN CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SMOOTHING SCATTERPLOTS; MERIT AB In an effort to develop a Standard Reference Material (SRM (TM)) for Seebeck coefficient, we have conducted a round-robin measurement survey of two candidate materials-undoped Bi2Te3 and Constantan (55 % Cu and 45 % Ni alloy). Measurements were performed in two rounds by twelve laboratories involved in active thermoelectric research using a number of different commercial and custom-built measurement systems and techniques. In this paper we report the detailed statistical analyses on the interlaboratory measurement results and the statistical methodology for analysis of irregularly sampled measurement curves in the interlaboratory study setting. Based on these results, we have selected Bi2Te3 as the prototype standard material. Once available, this SRM will be useful for future interlaboratory data comparison and instrument calibrations. C1 [Lu, Z. Q. J.; Lowhorn, N. D.; Wong-Ng, W.; Zhang, W.; Thomas, E. L.; Otani, M.; Green, M. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tran, T. N.] Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Caylor, C.; Venkatasubramanian, R.] RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dilley, N. R.] Quantum Design, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Downey, A.; Hogan, T.] Armor Holdings, Sterling Hts, MI 48310 USA. [Downey, A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Edwards, B.; Tritt, T.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Elsner, N.; Ghamaty, S.] Hi Z Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92126 USA. [Jie, Q.; Li, Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Martin, J.; Nolas, G.] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Obara, H.] Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sharp, J.] Marlow Ind Inc, Dallas, TX 75238 USA. [Willigan, R.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Yang, J.] Gen Motors R& Ctr, Warren, MI 48090 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lu@nist.gov; nlowhorn@gmail.com; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; zwp@ustc.edu.cn; ethoma7@gmail.com; makoto_ohtani@nifty.com; martin.green@nist.gov; Thanh.N.Tran@navy.mil; ccaylor@rti.org; neil@qdusa.com; adam.downey@stryker.com; bradandjustine@gmail.com; n.elsner@hi-z.com; s.ghamaty@hi-z.com; hogant@msu.edu; qjie@bnl.gov; qiangli@bnl.gov; joshua.martin@nist.gov; gnolas@cas.usf.edu; h.obara@aist.go.jp; jsharp@marlow.com; rama@rti.org; WilligRR@utrc.utc.com; jihui.yang@gm.com; ttritt@clemson.edu RI Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; Zhang, Weiping/C-6158-2014; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 114 IS 1 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.6028/jres.114.004 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 434OP UT WOS:000265284300004 PM 27504212 ER PT J AU Grillet, AM Rao, RR Adolf, DB Kawaguchi, S Mondy, LA AF Grillet, Anne M. Rao, Rekha R. Adolf, Douglas B. Kawaguchi, Stacie Mondy, Lisa A. TI Practical application of thixotropic suspension models SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alumina; finite element analysis; rheology; suspensions; thixotropy; viscosity ID CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; FLOW AB The practical implementation of several thixotropic rheological models has been evaluated for a prototypical industrial application. We have studied the ability of the models to predict both steady and transient rheology of a suspension of alumina particles and the suitability of those models for full transient finite element calculations. The constitutive models for thixotropic materials examined include the Carreau-Yasuda model and first and second-order indirect structure models. While all of these models were able to predict the shear-thinning behavior of the steady viscosity, the first and second-order structure models were also able to capture some aspects of the transient structure formation and fluid history. However, they were not able to predict some more complex transient behavior observed in step shear experiments. For most thixotropic suspensions, the time constant required to form structure is longer than the time constant to break it down. For this suspension, the time constant at a given shear rate was also dependent on the previous shear rate. If the previous shear rate was high, the time required to reach equilibrium was longer than if the previous shear rate was lower. This behavior was not captured by the simple initial structure dependence in the previous models. By adding an additional dependence on the initial suspension structure, the prediction of the transient rheology was substantially improved while maintaining an excellent agreement with the steady shear viscosity. Finite element results are presented for extrusion of a suspension to form a fiber. This model two-dimensional problem contains many of the same complexities as practical three-dimensional mold filling simulations (i.e., nonviscometric and mobile free surface). Our results show that these direct structure models exhibit oscillations near the stick-slip point in finite element calculations similar to many polymeric constitutive equations, but are otherwise suitable for implementation in complex industrial modeling applications. C1 [Grillet, Anne M.; Rao, Rekha R.; Adolf, Douglas B.; Kawaguchi, Stacie; Mondy, Lisa A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Grillet, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM amgrill@sandia.gov FU D.O.E. Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) FX The authors thank Michael Gallis for developing the nonlinear fitting program and for helpful discussions, and Antony Beris for helpful discussions regarding the structure models. Partial support for this work was provided by the D.O.E. Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) Program in Applied Mathematical Sciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 13 PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 53 IS 1 BP 169 EP 189 DI 10.1122/1.3037262 PG 21 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 389OS UT WOS:000262105000009 ER PT J AU Svec, F AF Svec, Frantisek TI My favorite materials: Porous polymer monoliths SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXCHANGE STATIONARY PHASES; LESS COMMON APPLICATIONS; OPEN-PORE POLYURETHANE; CAPILLARY COLUMNS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SEPARATION MEDIA; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; MEMBRANE CHROMATOGRAPHY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fsvec@lbl.gov NR 67 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 EI 1615-9314 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1002/jssc.200800530 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 398NN UT WOS:000262738900003 PM 19058166 ER PT J AU Slater, MD Frechet, JMJ Svec, F AF Slater, Michael D. Frechet, Jean M. J. Svec, Frantisek TI In-column preparation of a brush-type chiral stationary phase using click chemistry and a silica monolith SO JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chiral stationary phase; Click chemistry; Enantioseparation; Monolithic column; Silica ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; SEPARATION MEDIA; 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS; ENANTIOMER SEPARATIONS; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; BONDED PHASES; HPLC COLUMNS; POLYMER AB Brush-type chiral stationary phases (CSP) have been prepared both from a silica monolith and, separately, from 10 mu m porous silica beads via a process of in-column modification including attachment of the chiral selector via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Azide functionalities were first introduced on the pore surface of each type of support by reaction with 3-(azidopropyl)trimethoxysilane, followed by immobilization of a proline-derived chiral selector containing an alkyne moiety. This functionalization reaction was carried out in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper (1) iodide. The separation performance of these triazole linked stationary phases was demonstrated in enantioseparations of four model analytes, which afforded separation factors as high as 11.4. C1 [Frechet, Jean M. J.; Svec, Frantisek] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry EO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Slater, Michael D.; Frechet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry EO, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fsvec@lbl.gov RI Slater, Michael/D-5388-2012; OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institutes of Health [GM44885]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Financial support of this research by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health (GM44885) is gratefully acknowledged. Experimental measurement and characterization work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 60 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 40 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9306 EI 1615-9314 J9 J SEP SCI JI J. Sep. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1002/jssc.200800493 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 398NN UT WOS:000262738900005 PM 19051194 ER PT J AU Suescun, L Dabrowski, B Remsen, S Mais, J AF Suescun, Leopoldo Dabrowski, Bogdan Remsen, Steven Mais, James TI Synthesis and structural characterization of LaxSr1-xMnO2.6+delta (0.1 < x < 0.4) compounds displaying compressed octahedral coordination of Mn(4-5x)+ SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Manganites; Oxygen-vacancy-ordering; Electronic configuration; LaMnO3; Phase transition ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; X-RAY; PEROVSKITES; CHARGE; PHASES AB LaxSr1-xMnO2.6+delta (x=0.1-0.4) compounds have been obtained by low-temperature annealing of stoichiometric materials in hydrogen. La0.1Sr0.9MnO2.6+delta (delta = 0.15) and La0.3Sr0.7MnO2.6, tetragonal (P4/m), and La0.2Sr0.8MnO2.6, pseudo-tetragonal monoclinic (P2/m), structures are isostructural with oxygen-vacancy-ordered Sr5Mn5O13 (a = b approximate to root 5ap, c approximate to a(P)). La0.4Sr0.6MnO2.6 shows Cubic perovskite structure with disordered oxygen vacancies. In the vacancy-ordered (LaxSr1-x)(5)Mn5O13 phases four out of five Mn cations are Mn3+ and show a typical Jahn-Teller elongated pyramidal coordination while the fifth one Mn(4-5x)+, in octahedral environment, shows decreasing formal charge from Mn4+ (x = 0) to Mn2.5+ x = 0.3. This unusual selective doping of the octahedral site produces structural strain due to increasing size of the Mn(4-5x)+ and, in the case of (La0.2Sr0.8)(5)Mn5O13, the unusual compressed octahedral arrangement of oxygen atoms around it. The coordination geometry implies that either the d(x2-y2) orbital is occupied, which would be a rare example of inverted occupancy of e(g) orbitals in manganites, or that disordered Mn3+ apically elongated MnO6 octahedra are present with normal electronic configuration d(t2g)(3)d(x2-y2)(0)d(z2)(1), and the observed bond distances are the average of the long and intermediate in-plane Mn-O bonds. Several structural features favor the second case. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Suescun, Leopoldo] Univ Republica, Cryssmat Lab, Catedra Fis Detema, Fac Quim, Montevideo, Uruguay. [Dabrowski, Bogdan; Remsen, Steven; Mais, James] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Suescun, Leopoldo; Dabrowski, Bogdan] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Suescun, L (reprint author), Univ Republica, Cryssmat Lab, Catedra Fis Detema, Fac Quim, POB 1157, Montevideo, Uruguay. EM leopoldo@fq.edu.uy RI Suescun, Leopoldo/A-9697-2008 OI Suescun, Leopoldo/0000-0002-7606-8074 FU NSF [DMR-0706610]; US Department of Transportation; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC0206CH11357] FX This work was carried out during LS's stay at Argonne National Laboratory. Work at NIU was supported by the NSF-DMR-0706610 and by the US Department of Transportation. Work at Argonne's IPNS was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC0206CH11357. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 182 IS 1 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.10.020 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 395TK UT WOS:000262546200029 ER PT J AU Izraelevitz, D Martz, HF Leishman, DA Gibson, WL AF Izraelevitz, David Martz, Harry F. Leishman, Deborah A. Gibson, William L. TI On representing second-order uncertainty in multi-state systems via moments of mixtures of Dirichlet distributions SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL COMPUTATION AND SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE second-order probabilities; Bayes networks; Dirichlet distribution ID FAULT-TREE QUANTIFICATION; FULLY BAYESIAN-APPROACH; INFORMATION; NETWORKS AB Second-order probabilities have been proposed as representations of the uncertainty in the parameters of probabilistic models such as Bayesian belief networks. We investigate conditions under which second-order probabilities can be represented in terms of their marginal moments. We show that certain combinations of marginal means and variances do not correspond to any valid second-order joint distribution. By fitting a Dirichlet mixture to marginal mean and variance information, we derive sufficient conditions for a valid second-order joint distribution to exist. C1 [Izraelevitz, David; Martz, Harry F.; Leishman, Deborah A.; Gibson, William L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Izraelevitz, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM izraelevitz@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD programme for this work. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0094-9655 J9 J STAT COMPUT SIM JI J. Stat. Comput. Simul. PY 2009 VL 79 IS 7 BP 869 EP 880 AR PII 907428803 DI 10.1080/00949650801994605 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 460QY UT WOS:000267203400002 ER PT J AU DeWald, AT Hill, MR AF DeWald, A. T. Hill, M. R. TI Eigenstrain-based model for prediction of laser peening residual stresses in arbitrary three-dimensional bodies. Part 1: model description SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE laser peening; residual stress; contour method; eigenstrain ID ALUMINUM; SIMULATION; CONTOUR; WELDS AB This paper presents a methodology for predicting the residual stress within three-dimensional parts caused by laser peening treatment. The inputs to the model are the elastic material properties and shape of the part as well as an eigenstrain (also called 'initial strain' or 'stress-free strain') field specific to the material and parameters of laser peening treatment. The eigenstrain field is known from a library of fields developed prior to the residual stress prediction, either from detailed physical process modelling or from residual stress measurements of simple coupons of the parent material subject to the same laser peening treatment. The eigenstrain is assumed insensitive to part geometry, depending only on the part material and the laser peening treatment parameters. Given the eigenstrain field, residual stress is predicted by an elastic finite element analysis of the part that includes its detailed geometry and material composition. The eigenstrain is input into the finite element model in stated treatment areas where laser peening is applied. Solving for stress equilibrium provides an estimate of the residual stress field at all points within the treated part. The proposed modelling procedure is verified through a test on flat-plate geometry, where measured residual stress compares favourably with model predictions. In addition, the model is used to predict the residual stress produced by laser peening of a specimen containing a corner fillet. A companion paper (Part 2) presents detailed experimental verification of the model over a range of common part geometry. C1 [DeWald, A. T.; Hill, M. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [DeWald, A. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hill, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mrhill@ucdavis.edu RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016 OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL); US Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48]; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX Funding for this research was provided by the Student Employee Graduate Research Fellowship at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 14 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1243/03093247JSA417 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 403MT UT WOS:000263087400002 ER PT J AU DeWald, AT Hill, MR AF DeWald, A. T. Hill, M. R. TI Eigenstrain-based model for prediction of laser peening residual stresses in arbitrary three-dimensional bodies. Part 2: model verification SO JOURNAL OF STRAIN ANALYSIS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE laser peening; residual stress measurement; contour method; eigenstrain AB This paper presents the results from a set of experiments designed to quantify the accuracy of the laser peening residual stress prediction model presented in Part 1. Firstly, a set of specimens containing common geometric features (e.g. corner radii and corner fillets) were machined from annealed 316L stainless steel plate. The regions around the geometric features were treated with laser peening and the resulting residual stress was measured using the contour method. Secondly, the laser peening residual stress prediction model was used to predict the residual stress produced by laser peening for the same set of specimens. A detailed comparison between the measurements and predictions is given in the form of contour plots and line plots of the measured and predicted residual stress. The results show that the model has a fair amount of agreement with the measurements over the range of geometry studied. Both the modelling and experimental results show that a decrease in the radius size for the corner fillet geometry results in an increase in the depth of compressive residual stress and a decrease in the magnitude of the surface residual stress. Both sets of results for the corner radius geometry show that a decrease in the radius size gives a decrease in the magnitude of the compressive surface residual stress. There is disagreement between the measurements and the predictions with respect to the relation between radius size and depth of compressive residual stress for the corner radius geometry. C1 [DeWald, A. T.; Hill, M. R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [DeWald, A. T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP DeWald, AT (reprint author), Hill Engn LLC, 5022 Bailey Loop, California, CA 95652 USA. EM atdewald@hill-engineering.com RI Hill, Michael/A-2525-2016 OI Hill, Michael/0000-0002-9168-211X FU LLNL; US Department of Energy [W-7405Eng-48]; University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX The authors greatly appreciate several contributions to this collaborative work. The laser peening treatment was applied at LLNL by Jon Rankin, Chanh Truong, and Marc Hopkins. Additional support was provided by personnel at LLNL including Lloyd Hackel and Bob Yamamoto. The authors would also like to thank Ben Tompkins for assistance with the contour measurements. Funding for this research was provided by the Student Employee Graduate Research Fellowship at LLNL. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405Eng-48. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 0309-3247 J9 J STRAIN ANAL ENG JI J. Strain Anal. Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1243/03093247JSA420 PG 15 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 403MT UT WOS:000263087400003 ER PT J AU Isakovic, AF Stein, A Warren, JB Narayanan, S Sprung, M Sandy, AR Evans-Lutterodt, K AF Isakovic, A. F. Stein, A. Warren, J. B. Narayanan, S. Sprung, M. Sandy, A. R. Evans-Lutterodt, K. TI Diamond kinoform hard X-ray refractive lenses: design, nanofabrication and testing SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE focusing hard X-rays; kinoform refractive optics; diamond; silicon; etching ID SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION AB Motivated by the anticipated advantageous performance of diamond kinoform refractive lenses for synchrotron X-ray radiation studies, this report focuses on progress in designing, nanofabricating and testing of their focusing performance. The method involves using lift-off and plasma etching to reproduce a planar definition of numerically determined kinoform refractive optics. Tests of the focusing action of a diamond kinoform refractive lens at the APS 8-ID-I beamline demonstrate angular control of the focal spot. C1 [Isakovic, A. F.; Evans-Lutterodt, K.] NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Stein, A.; Warren, J. B.] CFN, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Warren, J. B.] Instrumentat Div, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Narayanan, S.; Sprung, M.; Sandy, A. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Isakovic, AF (reprint author), NSLS, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. EM isakovic@bnl.gov RI Isakovic, Abdel/A-7430-2009 OI Isakovic, Abdel/0000-0003-1779-4209 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-AC02-06CH11357]; BNL LDRD [06-46] FX This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. We acknowledge supportive role of Chi-Chang Kao, J. Hill, D. Elliott and J. Smedley ( all of BNL). AFI and KEL acknowledge support from BNL LDRD project 06-46 Novel materials for hard X-rays optics, and AFI thanks Professor P. G. Evans ( University of Wisconsin) for stimulating discussions on X-ray optics and A. Woodhead and A. Acerbo ( both of BNL) for technical assistance. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1107/S0909049508033736 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 400JC UT WOS:000262862900002 PM 19096168 ER PT J AU Boada, R Laguna-Marco, MA Chaboy, J AF Boada, Roberto Laguna-Marco, Maria Angeles Chaboy, Jesus TI Temperature dependence of the Ho L-2-edge XMCD spectra of Ho6Fe23 SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray magnetic circular dichroism; XMCD; rare-earth L-edges ID MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; X-RAY DICHROISM; QUADRUPOLAR TRANSITIONS; K-EDGE; ABSORPTION; MOMENT; PROBE AB An X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) study performed at the Ho L-2,L-3-edges in Ho6Fe23 as a function of temperature is presented. It is demonstrated that the anomalous temperature dependence of the Ho L-2-edge XMCD signal is due to the magnetic contribution of Fe atoms. By contrast, the Ho L-3-edge XMCD directly reflects the temperature dependence of the Ho magnetic moment. By combining the XMCD at both Ho L-2- and L-3-edges, the possibility of determining the temperature dependence of the Fe magnetic moment is demonstrated. Then, both mu(Ho)(T) and mu(Fe)(T) have been determined by tuning only the absorption L-edges of Ho. This result opens new possibilities of applying XMCD at these absorption edges to obtain quantitative element-specific magnetic information that is not directly obtained by other experimental tools. C1 [Boada, Roberto; Chaboy, Jesus] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Boada, Roberto; Chaboy, Jesus] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Dept Fis Mat Condensada, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Laguna-Marco, Maria Angeles] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chaboy, J (reprint author), Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. EM jchaboy@unizar.es RI Laguna-Marco, M. A./G-8042-2011; Boada, Roberto/H-5349-2015 OI Laguna-Marco, M. A./0000-0003-4069-0395; Boada, Roberto/0000-0003-4857-8402 FU Spanish CICYT [MAT2005-06806-C04-04]; Ministerio de Eduacion y Ciencia of Spain; Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) [1999A0388] FX This work was partially supported by a Spanish CICYT MAT2005-06806-C04-04 grant. MALM and RB acknowledge the Ministerio de Eduacion y Ciencia of Spain for a Postdoctoral and a PhD grant, respectively. This study was performed with the approval of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal No. 1999A0388). We are indebted to M. Suzuki, N. Kawamura and H. Maruyama for their help during the experimental work at SPring-8 and for fruitful discussions. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 BP 38 EP 42 DI 10.1107/S0909049508033931 PN 1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 400JC UT WOS:000262862900006 PM 19096172 ER PT J AU Bech, M Bunk, O David, C Ruth, R Rifkin, J Loewen, R Feidenhans'l, R Pfeiffer, F AF Bech, Martin Bunk, Oliver David, Christian Ruth, Ronald Rifkin, Jeff Loewen, Rod Feidenhans'l, Robert Pfeiffer, Franz TI Hard X-ray phase-contrast imaging with the Compact Light Source based on inverse Compton X-rays SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE medical X-ray imaging; phase contrast; inverse Compton X-rays ID GRATING INTERFEROMETER; TALBOT INTERFEROMETRY; TOMOGRAPHY; MAMMOGRAPHY; SPECIMENS; BRAIN AB The first imaging results obtained from a small-size synchrotron are reported. The newly developed Compact Light Source produces inverse Compton X-rays at the intersection point of the counter propagating laser and electron beam. The small size of the intersection point gives a highly coherent cone beam with a few milliradian angular divergence and a few percent energy spread. These specifications make the Compact Light Source ideal for a recently developed grating-based differential phase-contrast imaging method. C1 [Bech, Martin; Feidenhans'l, Robert] Univ Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Bunk, Oliver; David, Christian; Pfeiffer, Franz] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Ruth, Ronald; Rifkin, Jeff; Loewen, Rod] Lyncean Technol Inc, Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA. [Ruth, Ronald] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Pfeiffer, Franz] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Bech, M (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM bech@fys.ku.dk; franz.pfeiffer@psi.ch RI Bech, Martin/K-4331-2012; Bunk, Oliver/B-7602-2013 OI Bech, Martin/0000-0001-9109-7175; Bunk, Oliver/0000-0001-6563-4053 FU LLC; Protein Structure Initiative, National Institute of General Medical Sciences [R44 GM 66511, R44 GM 074437]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences/National Center for Research Resources [U54-GM074961] FX The authors would like to thank Jens Als-Nielsen for fruitful discussions. Lyncean Technologies Inc would like to thank Rayonix, LLC, for the loan of the marCCD 165 detector. The Compact Light Source is supported by the Protein Structure Initiative, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, grants: R44 GM 66511, R44 GM 074437, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences/National Center for Research Resources, grant U54-GM074961. These contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIGMS or NCRR. NR 29 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0909-0495 EI 1600-5775 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1107/S090904950803464X PN 1 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 400JC UT WOS:000262862900007 PM 19096173 ER PT J AU Takeda, T Wu, J Thet-Thet-Lwin Huo, Q Yuasa, T Hyodo, K Dilmanian, FA Akatsuka, T AF Takeda, Tohoru Wu, Jin Thet-Thet-Lwin Huo, Qingkai Yuasa, Tetsuya Hyodo, Kazuyuki Dilmanian, F. Avraham Akatsuka, Takao TI X-ray fluorescent CT imaging of cerebral uptake of stable-iodine perfusion agent iodoamphetamine analog IMP in mice SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray fluorescent CT; fluorescent X-ray; molecular imaging; cerebral perfusion; IMP ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHASE-CONTRAST; MICROPET-II; RESOLUTION; PERFORMANCE; SCANNER AB Using X-ray fluorescent computed tomography (XFCT), the in vivo and ex vivo cerebral distribution of a stable-iodine-labeled cerebral perfusion agent, iodoamphetamine analog ((127)I-IMP), has been recorded in the brains of mice. In vivo cerebral perfusion in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus was depicted at 0.5 mm in-plane spatial resolution. Ex vivo XFCT images at 0.25 mm in-plane spatial resolution allowed the visualisation of the detailed structures of these regions. The quality of the XFCT image of the hippocampus was comparable with the (125)I-IMP autoradiogram. These results highlight the sensitivity of XFCT and its considerable potential to evaluate cerebral perfusion in small animals without using radioactive agents. C1 [Takeda, Tohoru; Wu, Jin; Thet-Thet-Lwin] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Comprehens Human Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058575, Japan. [Huo, Qingkai; Yuasa, Tetsuya; Akatsuka, Takao] Yamagata Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Yonezawa, Yamagata 9928510, Japan. [Hyodo, Kazuyuki] Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Dilmanian, F. Avraham] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takeda, T (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Comprehens Human Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058575, Japan. EM ttakeda@md.tsukuba.ac.jp RI Yuasa, Tetsuya/F-5006-2013 FU Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture [19390313]; National Laboratory for High Energy Physics [2007G643] FX We thank Xiaowei Chang PhD, Naoki Sunaguchi MS, Taichi Kuroe MS, Seita Nasukawa MS and Takeshi Murakami MS, Mr Hidenori Sato and Mr Kouzou Kobayashi for their technical support, Dr Avril D. Woodhead for reviewing the manuscript, and Nihon Medi-Physics for supplying IMP. This research was partially supported by a Grant-In-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 19390313) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and performed under the auspices of the National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (2007G643). NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 16 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1107/S0909049508031853 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 400JC UT WOS:000262862900009 PM 19096175 ER PT J AU Fu, JS Streets, DG Jang, CJ Hao, JM He, KB Wang, LT Zhang, Q AF Fu, Joshua S. Streets, David G. Jang, Carey J. Hao, Jiming He, Kebin Wang, Litao Zhang, Qiang TI Modeling Regional/Urban Ozone and Particulate Matter in Beijing, China SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; MESOSCALE MODEL; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM; TESTS; LAYER; ASIA AB This paper examines Beijing air quality in the winter and summer of 2001 using an integrated air quality modeling system (Fifth Generation Mesoscale Meteorological Model [MMS]/Community Multiscale Air Quality [CMAQ]) in nested mode. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) emission inventory is used in the 36- (East Asia), 12- (East China), and 4-km (greater Beijing area) domains. Furthermore, we develop a local Beijing emission inventory that is used in the 4-km domain. We also construct a corroborated mapping of chemical species between the TRACE-P inventory and the Carbon Bond IV (CB-IV) chemical mechanism before the integrated modeling system is applied to study ozone (0,) and particulate matter (PM) in Beijing. Meteorological data for the integrated modeling runs are extracted from MM5. Model results show 0, hourly concentrations in the range of. 80-159 parts per billion (ppb) during summer in the urban areas and up to 189 ppb downwind of the city. High fine PM (PM(2.5)) concentrations (monthly average of 75 mu g . m(-3) in summer and 150 mu g . m(-3) in winter) are simulated over the metropolitan and downwind areas with significant secondary constituents. A comparison against available 03 and PM measurement data in Beijing is described. We recommend refinements to the developed local Beijing emission inventory to improve the simulation of Beijing's air quality. The 4-km modeling configuration is also recommended for the development of air pollution control strategies. C1 [Fu, Joshua S.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jang, Carey J.] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Hao, Jiming; He, Kebin] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Fu, JS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM jsfu@utk.edu RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU EPA's Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air Pollutants (ICAP) [STAR R830959] FX This work was funded by EPA's Intercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air Pollutants (ICAP) project and STAR R830959 (GCAP) grants. We thank Rokjin Park for providing GEOS-Chem 2001 data. We also thank anonymous reviewers who spent much time and provided very thoughtful suggestions to make this manuscript more readable. NR 31 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 30 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 59 IS 1 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.59.1.37 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393QS UT WOS:000262388400005 PM 19216186 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Shanklin, J AF Nguyen, Tam Shanklin, John TI Altering Arabidopsis Oilseed Composition by a Combined Antisense-Hairpin RNAi Gene Suppression Approach SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Gene suppression; RNA interference; Hairpin antisense ID FATTY-ACIDS; FAD2 GENE; DESATURASE GENE; SEED OIL; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; PHASEOLIN; MUTANTS; ENZYME; LIPIDS AB Antisense (AS) and hairpin (HP) RNA interference (RNAi) targeted gene suppression technologies have been used to modify seed oil composition. Larger numbers of AS transgenics have to be screened to achieve a targeted level of suppression compared to RNAi. We hypothesized combining AS with RNAi might result in enhanced gene suppression compared to either method individually. AS and HP-RNAi were combined as hairpin antisense (HPAS) constructs containing similar to 125 bp sense and antisense portions of an untranslated region of the target gene separated by an intron containing an antisense copy of a portion of the target coding region. The Delta 12-desaturase FAD2, the omega 3-desaturase FAD3 and beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) II were targeted in Arabidopsis to evaluate changes in oil composition with AS, HP and HPAS constructs driven by the phaseolin promoter. Modest but statistically significant enhancements in oilseed phenotypes were observed with HPAS relative to AS and HP-RNAi. Phenotypes for HPAS suppression of FAD2 and FAD3 were indistinguishable from their strongest mutant alleles. Our data suggest that HPAS may be useful for: (1) achieving levels of suppression comparable to those of gene knockouts in a tissue specific manner. (2) Maximizing suppression of suboptimal RNAi constructs and (3) minimizing the screening of transgenics to achieve desired oilseed composition. C1 [Nguyen, Tam; Shanklin, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shanklin, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM shanklin@bnl.gov FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy and Dow Agrosciences FX We acknowledge the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy and Dow Agrosciences for their generous support. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1007/s11746-008-1322-y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 392BY UT WOS:000262279100005 ER PT J AU Gentil-Beccot, A Mele, S Holtkamp, A O'Connell, HB Brooks, TC AF Gentil-Beccot, Anne Mele, Salvatore Holtkamp, Annette O'Connell, Heath B. Brooks, Travis C. TI Information Resources in High-Energy Physics: Surveying the Present Landscape and Charting the Future Course SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Access to previous results is of paramount importance in the scientific process. Recent progress in information management focuses on building e-infrastructures for the optimization of the research workflow, through both policy-driven and user-pulled dynamics. For decades, High Energy Physics (HEP) has pioneered innovative solutions in the field of information management and dissemination. In light of a transforming information environment, it is important to assess the current usage of information resources by researchers and HEP provides a unique test bed for this assessment. A survey of about 10% of practitioners in the field reveals usage trends and information needs. Community-based services, such as the pioneering arXiv and SPIRES systems, largely answer the need of the scientists, with a limited but increasing fraction of younger users relying on Google. Commercial services offered by publishers or database vendors are essentially unused in the field. The survey offers an insight into the most important features that users require to optimize their research workflow. These results inform the future evolution of information management in HEP and, as these researchers are traditionally "early adopters" of innovation in scholarly communication, can inspire developments of disciplinary repositories serving other communities. C1 [Gentil-Beccot, Anne; Mele, Salvatore] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Holtkamp, Annette] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [O'Connell, Heath B.] Fermilab Lib MS, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Brooks, Travis C.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr Lib, SLAC, SPIRES Databases, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Gentil-Beccot, A (reprint author), CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM anne.gentil-beccot@cem.ch; salvatore.mele@cem.ch; Annette.Holtkamp@desy.de; hoc@fnal.gov; travis@slac.stanford.edu OI O'Connell, Heath/0000-0002-1895-5310; Holtkamp, Annette/0000-0002-4133-3528 NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1532-2882 J9 J AM SOC INF SCI TEC JI J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 60 IS 1 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1002/asi.20944 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 394DD UT WOS:000262424900014 ER PT J AU Zeng, XP Tao, WK Zhang, MH Hou, AY Xie, SC Lang, S Li, XW Starr, DO Li, XF Simpson, J AF Zeng, Xiping Tao, Wei-Kuo Zhang, Minghua Hou, Arthur Y. Xie, Shaocheng Lang, Stephen Li, Xiaowen Starr, David O'C. Li, Xiaofan Simpson, Joanne TI An Indirect Effect of Ice Nuclei on Atmospheric Radiation SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; SOUTH CHINA SEA; LONG-TERM BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOGA COARE; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SURFACE PROCESSES; PHASE-III; PART II; BULK PARAMETERIZATION AB A three-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) with observed large-scale forcing is used to study how ice nuclei (IN) affect the net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In all the numerical experiments carried out, the cloud ice content in the upper troposphere increases with IN number concentration via the Bergeron process. As a result, the upward solar flux at the TOA increases whereas the infrared one decreases. Because of the opposite response of the two fluxes to IN concentration, the sensitivity of the net radiative flux at the TOA to IN concentration varies from one case to another. Six tropical and three midlatitudinal field campaigns provide data to model the effect of IN on radiation in different latitudes. Classifying the CRM simulations into tropical and midlatitudinal and then comparing the two types reveals that the indirect effect of IN on radiation is greater in the middle latitudes than in the tropics. Furthermore, comparisons between model results and observations suggest that observational IN data are necessary to evaluate long-term CRM simulations. C1 [Zeng, Xiping; Tao, Wei-Kuo; Hou, Arthur Y.; Lang, Stephen; Li, Xiaowen; Starr, David O'C.; Simpson, Joanne] NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zeng, Xiping; Li, Xiaowen] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY USA. [Xie, Shaocheng] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Lang, Stephen] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zeng, XP (reprint author), NASA, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, C423,Bldg 33,Mail Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM zeng@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Hou, Arthur/D-8578-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; FU NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center FX The authors acknowledge the NASA Ames Research Center and the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for enormous computer time used in this research. They also thank Dr. Gang Hong and two anonymous reviewers for their critical yet constructive comments. NR 88 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 66 IS 1 BP 41 EP 61 DI 10.1175/2008JAS2778.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398GR UT WOS:000262721100003 ER PT J AU Cabana, J Kang, SH Johnson, CS Thackeray, MM Grey, CP AF Cabana, Jordi Kang, Sun-Ho Johnson, Christopher S. Thackeray, Michael M. Grey, Clare P. TI Structural and Electrochemical Characterization of Composite Layered-Spinel Electrodes Containing Ni and Mn for Li-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; electrochemical electrodes; electrochemistry; lithium compounds; magic angle spinning; secondary cells; X-ray diffraction ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; NICKEL MANGANESE OXIDES; SITU X-RAY; CATHODE MATERIALS; MAS NMR; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-POWER; OXYGEN NONSTOICHIOMETRY; ANOMALOUS CAPACITY; POSITIVE ELECTRODE AB The structural features of a series of intergrown "layered-spinel" composite materials with initial formulation xLi[Mn(1.5)Ni(0.5)]O(4)center dot(1-x)(Li(2)MnO(3)center dot Li[Mn(0.5)Ni(0.5)]O(2)), previously shown to have attractive properties as positive electrodes in lithium batteries, were studied. The existence of a layered and a spinel component in samples with 0 < x < 1 was confirmed by both X-ray diffraction and (6)Li magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy. The unit-cell volume of the layered component was shown to decrease as a function of x, while the unit-cell parameter of the cubic spinel phase did not vary significantly. The (6)Li MAS NMR spectra confirmed that the cation distribution in these layered-spinel composite structures is extremely complex; analysis of the data, particularly for intermediate values of x, suggested that Mn(4+), Mn(3+), Ni(3+), and Ni(2+) ions are present, rather than just Mn(4+) and Ni(2+) as implied by the ideal formula xLi[Mn(1.5)Ni(0.5)]O(4)center dot(1-x)(Li(2)MnO(3)center dot Li[Mn(0.5)Ni(0.5)]O(2)). The structural changes induced by the electrochemical removal and reinsertion of lithium in the composite electrode for x=0.5 were followed by (6)Li MAS NMR and related to the different signatures in the composition-voltage profiles. The activity of both the layered and the spinel component within a 5-2 V voltage window was confirmed. C1 [Cabana, Jordi; Grey, Clare P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Kang, Sun-Ho; Johnson, Christopher S.; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Electrochem Energy Storage, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Cabana, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM cgrey@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010; Cabana, Jordi/G-6548-2012 OI Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986 FU U. S. DOE Office [DE-AC03-76SF00098, 6517749, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX J. C. and C. P. G. acknowledge support from the U. S. DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies (contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and subcontract no. 6517749 with LBNL). S.-H. K., C. S. J., and M. M. T acknowledge support from the same DOE Office under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The use of Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors are grateful to Dr. J. Wang (APS) for the acquisition of the diffraction patterns and her technical assistance. J. C. is indebted to the Generalitat de Catalunya for providing funding through a Beatriu de Pinos postdoctoral fellowship. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 72 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 9 BP A730 EP A736 DI 10.1149/1.3151963 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 475ZB UT WOS:000268405400004 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Richardson, TJ AF Chen, Guoying Richardson, Thomas J. TI Solid Solution Phases in the Olivine-Type LiMnPO4/MnPO4 System SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE electrochemistry; lattice constants; lithium compounds; manganese compounds; solid-state phase transformations; stoichiometry ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; MISCIBILITY GAP; LIXFEPO4; LIFEPO4; EXISTENCE; PHOSPHATE; CATHODES; DIAGRAM AB Nonstoichiometry is reported in the LiMnPO4/MnPO4 system. As lithium is removed from crystalline LiMnPO4 by chemical or electrochemical methods, the resulting two-phase mixture consists of stoichiometric LiMnPO4 and a delithiated phase, LiyMnPO4, whose lattice parameters depend on the global extent of delithiation and on the crystalline domain size of the delithiated phase. This behavior is reproduced during electrochemical insertion of lithium. Again, no evidence for nonstoichiometry was found in the vicinity of LiMnPO4. Attempts to create single-phase solid solutions by heating mixtures of the two phases failed due to the thermal instability of LiyMnPO4. C1 [Chen, Guoying; Richardson, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tjrichardson@lbl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank James Wilcox for preparing the composite electrode. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 9 BP A756 EP A762 DI 10.1149/1.3167389 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 475ZB UT WOS:000268405400008 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Amine, K AF Chen, Zonghai Amine, K. TI Computational Estimates of Fluoride Affinity of Boron-Based Anion Receptors SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; boron compounds; chemical exchanges; ionic conductivity; secondary cells ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; TRIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL) BORANE; THERMAL-STABILITY; ELECTROLYTES; CELLS; DIFLUORO(OXALATO)BORATE; ADDITIVES; DENSITY; IMPROVE; ANODE AB Ab initio calculations were carried out to study the structure-property relationship of anion receptors to establish a guidance for developing advanced electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. A group of 25 well-selected anion receptors was investigated to illustrate the impact of structural rigidity and the substitution of electron-withdrawing groups, such as F and CF(3), as well as the substitution of alkoxyl groups. The calculation results showed that the fluoride affinity of an anion receptor can be reduced by the introduction of alkoxyl groups to the boron center and that the fluoride affinity increases with the substitution of electron-withdrawing groups. C1 [Chen, Zonghai; Amine, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Engn, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zonghai.chen@anl.gov RI Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Freedom-CAR; Vehicle Technologies Office; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0Z-06CH11357] FX Research funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Freedom-CAR, and Vehicle Technologies Office, Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC0Z-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 8 BP A672 EP A676 DI 10.1149/1.3139042 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 468ET UT WOS:000267798500007 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, A Horne, CR Chang, O Zhang, W Kong, W Wang, E Chern, T Doeff, MM AF Jaiswal, A. Horne, C. R. Chang, O. Zhang, W. Kong, W. Wang, E. Chern, T. Doeff, M. M. TI Nanoscale LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 for High Rate Li-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; LITHIUM BATTERIES; SPINEL; ELECTRODES; SYSTEM; ROUTE AB The electrochemical performances of nanoscale LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12 materials are described in this paper. The nanomaterials were synthesized by pyrolysis of an aerosol precursor. Both compositions required moderate heat-treatment to become electrochemically active. LiFePO4 nanoparticles were coated with a uniform, 2-4 nm thick carbon coating using an organic precursor in the heat-treatment step and showed a high tap density of 1.24 g/cm(3) despite the 50-100 nm particle size and 2.9 wt % carbon content. Li4Ti5O12 nanoparticles were between 50 and 200 nm and showed a tap density of 0.8 g/cm(3). The nanomaterials were tested both in half-cell configurations against Li metal and in LiFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 full cells. Nano-LiFePO4 showed a high discharge rate capability with values of 150 and 138 mAh/g at C/25 and 5C, respectively, after constant C/25 charges. Nano-Li4Ti5O12 also showed a high charge capability with values of 148 and 138 mAh/g at C/25 and 5C, respectively, after constant C/25 discharges; the discharge (lithiation) capability was comparatively slower. LiFePO4/Li4Ti5O12 full cells deliver charge/discharge capacity values of 150 and 122 mAh/g at C/5 and 5C, respectively. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3223987] All rights reserved. C1 [Jaiswal, A.; Horne, C. R.; Chang, O.; Zhang, W.; Kong, W.] NanoGram Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Wang, E.; Chern, T.; Doeff, M. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jaiswal, A (reprint author), NanoGram Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. EM ajaiswal@nanogram.com RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 FU NanoGram Corporation FX The authors are thankful to the management of NanoGram Corporation for their support of this work. The authors also acknowledge Dr. Robert Kostecki for helpful discussions and for providing the Raman spectra on samples. NR 23 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 52 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 12 BP A1041 EP A1046 DI 10.1149/1.3223987 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 512BZ UT WOS:000271218900011 ER PT J AU Karan, NK Abraham, DP Balasubramanian, M Furczon, MM Thomas, R Katiyar, RS AF Karan, N. K. Abraham, D. P. Balasubramanian, M. Furczon, M. M. Thomas, R. Katiyar, R. S. TI Morphology, Structure, and Electrochemistry of Solution-Derived LiMn0.5-xCr2xNi0.5-xO2 for Lithium-Ion Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; OXIDE CATHODE MATERIALS; IN-SITU; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; LAYERED LIMNO2; INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MANGANESE OXIDES; BATTERIES AB In recent years LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 has emerged as a promising alternative to LiCoO2 because of its lower cost, better high voltage stability, and improved thermal abuse characteristics. In this paper we report on Li[Mn(0.5-x)Cr(2)xNi(0.5-x)]O-2 (0 <= 2x <= 0.2) compounds, which is formed by the partial substitution of nickel and manganese in LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 by chromium. The Li[Mn0.5-xCr2xNi0.5-x]O-2 particles, prepared by a chemical solution route, displayed a faceted morphology, with particle size increasing with increasing chromium content. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data from the oxides showed that the c lattice parameter of the layered alpha-NaFeO2-type structure increased, and lithium/nickel intermixing decreased, with increasing chromium content. Electrochemical cycling in the 3-4.3 V voltage window indicated that the discharge capacity was highest for the 2x = 0.05 oxide composition. Charge and discharge capacities decreased with increasing chromium content for electrodes cycled in the 3-4.8 V range, and cells containing the higher chromium content oxides showed significant polarization. Peaks corresponding to oxygen loss were observed in dQ/dV plots of cells containing the 2x = 0, 0.05, and 0.1 oxides, but not for the 2x = 0.2 oxide. The first cycle "irreversible" capacity observed for cells cycled up to 145 mAh/g capacity was recovered by deep-discharging the cells to voltages below 1.5 V. Oxidation state and local structural analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy data from the deep-discharged and as-prepared samples showed remarkable similarity, which indicated that the deep-discharge allowed the sample to almost regain its original state. Significant capacity loss was observed during electrochemical cycling, especially for the high chromium containing oxides, which appears to result from rate limitations induced by the coupling of lithium diffusion and chromium migration to and from the tetrahedral sites during the charge-discharge cycles. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/ 1.3125702] All rights reserved. C1 [Karan, N. K.; Thomas, R.; Katiyar, R. S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Karan, N. K.; Thomas, R.; Katiyar, R. S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Inst Funct Nanomat, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. [Abraham, D. P.; Furczon, M. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Balasubramanian, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Karan, NK (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM naba_bapi@yahoo.com; abraham@anl.gov; rkatiyar@uprrp.edu RI Thomas, Reji/B-2669-2010 OI Thomas, Reji/0000-0003-3588-2317 FU NASA-EPSCoR [NNX08AB12A]; UPR Material Characterization Center (MCC); U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The financial support from NASA-EPSCoR (grant no. NNX08AB12A) is gratefully acknowledged. One of us (N.K.K.) is grateful to the NSF-EPSCoR for the graduate fellowship. Continual support from UPR Material Characterization Center (MCC) is also acknowledged. PNC/XOR is supported by the U. S. DOE, NSERC, and its member institutions. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The CSE authors are grateful to Dave Howell at the U. S. DOE, Office of Vehicle Technologies, and to D. Graczyk, S. Naik, S.-H. Kang, and Gary Henriksen at Argonne. Argonne National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Laboratory operated by UChicago Argonne LLC under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 7 BP A553 EP A562 DI 10.1149/1.3125702 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 469HQ UT WOS:000267887500009 ER PT J AU Lopez, CM Vaughey, JT Dees, DW AF Lopez, Carmen M. Vaughey, John T. Dees, Dennis W. TI Morphological Transitions on Lithium Metal Anodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cells (electric); electrochemical electrodes; electrolytes; lithium; lithium compounds; porous materials; scanning electron microscopy; surface morphology ID BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTE; CARBONATE; GROWTH; INHIBITION; DENDRITES; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; CELLS AB Coin cells were prepared using a metallic lithium anode, a Li(4)Ti(5)O(12) cathode, and a 1.2 M LiPF(6)/ethylene carbonate:ethyl methyl carbonate (30:70 wt %) electrolyte. The cells were cycled galvanostatically between 1 and 2 V vs Li/Li(+) (i=2.0 mA/cm(2)) at a 2C rate. After a specific number of cycles, the cells were disassembled and the morphology of the lithium anode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the surface morphology of the lithium metal electrode transitioned from a flat and smooth morphology to a microscopically rugged structure that shows three distinct layers: a top dendritic layer, an intermediate porous layer, and a residual metallic lithium layer. Morphological and electrochemical evidence points to the depletion of the electrolyte and the active metallic lithium that reacted to produce the porous layer as the most likely cause of cell failure under the conditions studied. C1 [Lopez, Carmen M.; Vaughey, John T.; Dees, Dennis W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lopez, CM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM clopez@anl.gov OI Lopez, Carmen M./0000-0002-6096-0674; Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies Program, Hybrid and Electric Systems, of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy FX Support from the Office of Vehicle Technologies Program, Hybrid and Electric Systems, of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, David Howell, and Tien Duong is gratefully acknowledged. C. M. L. thanks Dr. Wen-quan Lu for many a fruitful discussion. NR 18 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 8 U2 71 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 9 BP A726 EP A729 DI 10.1149/1.3158548 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 475ZB UT WOS:000268405400003 ER PT J AU Marcinek, ML Wilcox, JW Doeff, MM Kostecki, RM AF Marcinek, Marek L. Wilcox, James W. Doeff, Marca M. Kostecki, Robert M. TI Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Carbon Coatings on LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 for Li-Ion Battery Composite Cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE carbon; coatings; electrochemical electrodes; lithium compounds; plasma CVD; powders; Raman spectra; scanning electron microscopy; secondary cells; thin films; transmission electron microscopy ID LITHIUM INSERTION MATERIAL; LAYERED LI(NI1/3CO1/3MN1/3)O-2; FIELD-EMISSION; THIN-FILMS; PERFORMANCE; GRAPHITE; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; QUALITY AB In this paper we report results of a synthesis method of thin-film conductive carbon coatings on LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode active material powders for lithium-ion batteries. Thin layers of graphitic carbon were produced from a solid organic precursor, anthracene, by a one-step microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method. The structure and morphology of the carbon coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The composite LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes were electrochemically tested in lithium half coin cells. The composite cathodes made of the carbon-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/C powder showed superior electrochemical performance and increased capacity compared to standard composite LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes. C1 [Marcinek, Marek L.; Wilcox, James W.; Kostecki, Robert M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doeff, Marca M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marcinek, ML (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. EM r_kostecki@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 57 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 1 BP A48 EP A51 DI 10.1149/1.3021007 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 376UZ UT WOS:000261209800010 ER PT J AU Sun, YK Yoon, CS Myung, ST Belharouak, I Amine, K AF Sun, Yang-Kook Yoon, Chong Seung Myung, Seoung-Taek Belharouak, Ilias Amine, Khalil TI Role of AlF3 Coating on LiCoO2 Particles during Cycling to Cutoff Voltage above 4.5 V SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; CATHODE; INTERCALATION; PERFORMANCE; IMPROVEMENT; BEHAVIOR; LIXCOO2 AB Cell tests demonstrated that the use of an AlF3 coating enabled a LiCoO2 electrode to deliver a higher discharge capacity (208 mAh g(-1)) at an upper cutoff voltage of 4.54 V. About 94% of the initial capacity was retained after 50 cycles, while the capacity retention of pristine LiCoO2 was only 60% at 4.5 V. The improved electrochemical performance with the AlF3 coating was attributed to the delay of structural degradation of LiCoO2 during cycling. A structural analysis of the cycled LiCoO2 electrode revealed that the pristine LiCoO2 transforms to a cubic spinel phase via an intermediate phase triggered by progressive chemical leaching of Co during cycling. The AlF3 coating protected LiCoO2 from the chemical attack by HF and thus helped to delay the eventual phase transformation to a spinel phase. By delaying this transformation, the AlF3 coating was able to reduce the charge-transfer resistance and maintain the structural stability when cycled above 4.5 V. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3236501] All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Yoon, Chong Seung] Hanyang Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Myung, Seoung-Taek] Iwate Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. [Belharouak, Ilias; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM yksun@hanyang.ac.kr RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 FU Global Research Network Program; World Class University (WCU) program through the Korea Science; Engineering Foundation by Education, Science, and Technology [R31-2008-000-10092] FX This work was supported by the Global Research Network Program and by a World Class University (WCU) program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation by Education, Science, and Technology (R31-2008-000-10092). NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 12 BP A1005 EP A1010 DI 10.1149/1.3236501 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 512BZ UT WOS:000271218900006 ER PT J AU Tang, M Albertus, P Newman, J AF Tang, Maureen Albertus, Paul Newman, John TI Two-Dimensional Modeling of Lithium Deposition during Cell Charging SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID KINETIC CHARACTERIZATION; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENT; INSERTION CELL; CARBON-FIBER; BATTERIES; INTERCALATION; ELECTRODES; OPTIMIZATION; DISCHARGE; LIXCOO2 AB Empirical observations have shown that lithium deposition occurs preferentially at electrode edges and that extending the negative electrode beyond the edge of the positive by approximately 1 mm can prevent deposition from occurring. In this work, we use a simplified COMSOL Multiphysics model to explain this behavior and to investigate the conditions under which deposition occurs, paying particular attention to the magnitude of edge effects. Model results show that geometric effects generate overpotential at the edge of the electrode and create conditions which favor plating, despite unused capacity in the center of the electrode. Extending the negative electrode beyond the edge of the positive provides excess capacity where it is needed and prevents deposition from occurring before the cutoff potential is reached. Under the assumptions of this model, an extension of 0.4 mm is sufficient to prevent the onset of lithium deposition until after the cutoff potential is reached. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3095513] All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Maureen; Albertus, Paul; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mtang@berkeley.edu RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge Robert Spotnitz and Erik Scott for helpful discussion. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 80 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 5 BP A390 EP A399 DI 10.1149/1.3095513 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 427LI UT WOS:000264780400008 ER PT J AU Trahey, L Vaughey, JT Kung, HH Thackeray, MM AF Trahey, Lynn Vaughey, John T. Kung, Harold H. Thackeray, Michael M. TI High-Capacity, Microporous Cu6Sn5-Sn Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEGATIVE ELECTRODES; TIN-COBALT; SN; REACTIVITY; ALLOYS; CU2SB AB Three-dimensional, microporous Cu6Sn5-Sn architectures were created by electrodeposition of copper and tin onto sintered copper foam substrates and evaluated as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. The electrodes were characterized before and after cycling by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Before cycling, the electrochemically deposited films consisted of a combination of crystalline Cu6Sn5 and Sn, whereas after cycling, the films appeared amorphous to X-rays. When evaluated in coin cells against metallic lithium, the composite Cu6Sn5-Sn electrodes delivered a reversible capacity of 670 mAh/g, which is significantly greater than the capacity achieved previously from powdered (ballmilled) and thin-film (sputtered) Cu6Sn5 electrodes, typically 200-350 mAh/g. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3094033] All rights reserved. C1 [Trahey, Lynn; Vaughey, John T.; Thackeray, Michael M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kung, Harold H.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Trahey, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM trahey@anl.gov RI Kung, Harold/B-7647-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Northwestern University FX The authors thank Dennis W. Dees for helpful discussions. Financial support from the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 and from the Center for Energy Efficient Transportation at Northwestern University is gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 51 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 5 BP A385 EP A389 DI 10.1149/1.3094033 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 427LI UT WOS:000264780400007 ER PT J AU Vaughey, JT Thackeray, MM Shin, D Wolverton, C AF Vaughey, J. T. Thackeray, M. M. Shin, D. Wolverton, C. TI Studies of LaSn3 as a Negative Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; WAVE BASIS-SET; INTERMETALLIC ELECTRODES; ANODES; TIN; METALS; LI22PB5; ALLOYS; CU2SB AB The intermetallic compound LaSn3 has been explored as a possible negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries. A combination of experiment and density functional theory calculations provides evidence that the structure is intolerant to lithium insertion and that the electrochemical reaction occurs via a displacement mechanism. Experiment shows that approximately six Li react initially with LaSn3; calculated energetics suggest that during the reaction La3Sn5 and lithiated tin are formed and that the electrode operates by delithiation and relithiation of the Sn particles within an inert lanthanum-tin matrix. LaSn3 electrodes provide a reversible specific capacity of 200-250 mAh/g, whereas In-substituted electrodes that form a solid solution with LaSn3, such as LaSn2.7In0.3, yield a slightly lower capacity. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3125132] All rights reserved. C1 [Vaughey, J. T.; Thackeray, M. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shin, D.; Wolverton, C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Vaughey, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vaughey@anl.gov RI Wolverton, Christopher/B-7542-2009; Shin, Dongwon/C-6519-2008; OI Shin, Dongwon/0000-0002-5797-3423; Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, 754861] FX Support to conduct this work from the Office of Vehicle Technologies (Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program) of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 is gratefully acknowledged. Primet Precision Materials Inc. is thanked for providing SEM images of the LaSn3 electrode samples. D.S. and C.W. acknowledge support from Sandia National Laboratories and the U.S. Department of Energy under LDRD project 754861. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 7 BP A536 EP A540 DI 10.1149/1.3125132 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 469HQ UT WOS:000267887500007 ER PT J AU Wilcox, JD Rodriguez, EE Doeff, MM AF Wilcox, James D. Rodriguez, Efrain E. Doeff, Marca M. TI The Impact of Aluminum and Iron Substitution on the Structure and Electrochemistry of Li(Ni0.4Co0.2-yMyMn0.4)O-2 Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; LAYERED LINI1/3MN1/3CO1/3O2 CATHODES; POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS; NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE; IRREVERSIBLE CAPACITY; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; AL SUBSTITUTION; LIMO2 M; LI-ION; BEHAVIOR AB Li(Ni0.4Co0.2-yMyMn0.4)O-2 (0 <= y <= 0.2) (M = Al) and Li(Ni0.4Co0.15Fe0.05Mn0.4)O-2 compounds were prepared to investigate the effect of replacement of all or part of the cobalt on the structural and electrochemical properties. The impact of substitution on the structure has been examined by both X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments. The incorporation of aluminum has minimal effect on the antisite defect concentration, but leads to structural changes that affect electrochemical performance. The most important effect is an opening of the lithium slab dimension upon substitution, which results in improved rate performance compared to the parent compound. In contrast, the lithium slab dimension is not affected by iron substitution and no rate enhancement effect is observed. The cycling stability of aluminum containing materials is superior to both the parent material and iron-substituted materials. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3237100] All rights reserved. C1 [Wilcox, James D.; Doeff, Marca M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilcox, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013; Rodriguez, Efrain/N-1928-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047; Rodriguez, Efrain/0000-0001-6044-1543 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-7405-ENG-36]; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Neutron patterns were obtained at the Lujan Center at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Los Alamos National Laboratory, funded by the DOE under contract no. W-7405-ENG-36. The authors also thank Aaron Kueck for the TEM images of the active materials. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 12 BP A1011 EP A1018 DI 10.1149/1.3237100 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 512BZ UT WOS:000271218900007 ER PT J AU Wu, HM Belharouak, I Deng, H Abouimrane, A Sun, YK Amine, K AF Wu, H. M. Belharouak, I. Deng, H. Abouimrane, A. Sun, Y-K. Amine, K. TI Development of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li4Ti5O12 System with Long Cycle Life SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRAIN INSERTION MATERIAL; LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; CELLS; LI4/3TI5/3O4; LI4TI5O12; ME AB The electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) cells with different designs (positive-electrode-limited, negative-electrode-limited, and positive/negative capacity ratio of approximate to 1) was investigated at different temperatures and current densities. Half-cells based on either LNMO/Li or LTO/Li exhibited an outstanding rate capability. When both electrodes were combined in a full cell configuration, the LNMO/LTO cells showed an excellent rate capability, with 86% discharge capacity retention at the 10C rate. Of the three designs, the negative-limited full cell showed the best cycling performance when discharged at the 2C rate in tests at room temperature: 98% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. The negative-limited full cell also exhibited excellent cycling characteristics in tests at 55 degrees C: 95% discharge capacity retention after 200 cycles. These results clearly demonstrate that the LNMO/LTO system with a negative-limited design is attractive for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, where a long cycle life and a reasonable power are needed. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3240197] All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, H. M.; Belharouak, I.; Deng, H.; Abouimrane, A.; Amine, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Y-K.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Informat & Commun Mat, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Wu, HM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amine@anl.gov RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; Belharouak, Ilias/0000-0002-3985-0278 NR 20 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 101 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 12 BP A1047 EP A1050 DI 10.1149/1.3240197 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 512BZ UT WOS:000271218900012 ER PT J AU Xiao, A Yang, L Lucht, BL Kang, SH Abraham, DP AF Xiao, Ang Yang, Li Lucht, Brett L. Kang, Sun-Ho Abraham, Daniel P. TI Examining the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Binder-Free Graphite Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE electrochemical electrodes; electrophoresis; graphite; infrared spectra; secondary cells; solid electrolytes; thermal analysis; X-ray photoelectron spectra ID LI-ION BATTERIES; SURFACE-FILM FORMATION; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; LIQUID ELECTROLYTES; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE; NATURAL GRAPHITE; SALT; LIBOB; SPECTROSCOPY AB The solid electrode interphase (SEI) on graphite electrodes is important to the performance, calendar life, and safety characteristics of lithium-ion cells. This article examines the SEI formed on binder-free graphite electrodes prepared by electrophoretic deposition. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis data were obtained on electrodes cycled in cells containing four electrolytes comprising ethylene carbonate: ethylmethyl carbonate (3:7 by weight) solvent and 1.2 M LiPF(6), 1 M LiF(2)BC(2)O(4), 1 M LiBF(4), or 0.7 M LiB(C(2)O(4))(2) salt. Our observations suggest that, in addition to solvent reduction, the reduction of electrolyte salts plays an important role in SEI formation. Mechanisms to account for the formation of these SEI constituents are included in the article. C1 [Xiao, Ang; Yang, Li; Lucht, Brett L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Kang, Sun-Ho; Abraham, Daniel P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xiao, A (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Chem, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM abraham@anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010 FU U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Vehicle Technologies FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Vehicle Technologies. We are grateful for the support of Tien Duong and Dave Howell at DOE, and Gary Henriksen and Dennis Dees at Argonne. We acknowledge the assistance of Magdalena Furczon (Argonne) for electrochemical measurements on the BF graphite samples and Liu Zhou (URI) for preparation and characterization of LixBOxFz. NR 43 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 54 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 4 BP A318 EP A327 DI 10.1149/1.3078020 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 412IG UT WOS:000263717900012 ER PT J AU Xu, W Xiao, J Zhang, J Wang, DY Zhang, JG AF Xu, Wu Xiao, Jie Zhang, Jian Wang, Deyu Zhang, Ji-Guang TI Optimization of Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Primary Lithium/Air Batteries Operated in Ambient Environment SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 215th Electrochemistry-Society Meeting CY MAY 24-29, 2009 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc ID LITHIUM/OXYGEN BATTERY; AIR BATTERIES AB The selection and optimization of nonaqueous electrolytes for ambient operations of lithium/air batteries have been studied. Organic solvents with a low volatility and low moisture absorption are necessary to minimize the change in electrolyte compositions and the reaction between lithium anode and water during the discharge process. It is also critical to make the electrolyte with a high polarity so that it can reduce wetting and flooding of the carbon-based air electrode and lead to improved battery performance. For ambient operations, the polarity of solvents outweighs the viscosity, ion conductivity, and oxygen solubility once these latter properties attain a certain reasonable level. Hence, a propylene carbonate/ethylene carbonate (PC/EC) mixture is the most feasible solvent system and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide the best salt for ambient operations of Li/air batteries, whose performance is relatively insensitive to PC/EC ratio and salt concentration. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3168564] All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Wu; Xiao, Jie; Zhang, Jian; Wang, Deyu; Zhang, Ji-Guang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Xu, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wu.xu@pnl.gov RI Deyu, Wang/J-9496-2014; OI Xu, Wu/0000-0002-2685-8684 NR 8 TC 119 Z9 126 U1 7 U2 104 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 10 BP A773 EP A779 DI 10.1149/1.3168564 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 498IV UT WOS:000270133400001 ER PT J AU Basu, S Wang, CY Chen, KS AF Basu, Suman Wang, Chao-Yang Chen, Ken S. TI Phase Change in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE liquid-vapour transformations; proton exchange membrane fuel cells; thermal conductivity ID LIQUID WATER SATURATION; MODEL DEVELOPMENT; DIFFUSION MEDIUM; 2-PHASE FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; CATHODE; PREDICTION; VISUALIZATION; MULTIPHASE AB Stable high performance in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) requires efficient removal of product water and heat from the reaction sites. The most important coupling between water and heat transport in PEFC, through the liquid-vapor phase change, remains unexplored. This paper sheds light on physical characteristics of liquid-vapor phase change and its role in PEFC operation. A two-phase, nonisothermal numerical model is used to elucidate the phase-change effects inside the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a PEFC. Locations of condensation and evaporation are quantified. Operating conditions such as the relative humidity (RH) of inlet gases and materials properties such as the thermal conductivity of GDL are found to have major influence on phase change. Condensation under the cooler land surface is substantially reduced by decreasing the inlet RH or increasing the GDL thermal conductivity. The RH effect is more pronounced near the cell inlet, whereas the GDL thermal conductivity affects the phase-change rate more uniformly throughout the flow length. C1 [Basu, Suman; Wang, Chao-Yang] Penn State Univ, Electrochem Engine Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Basu, Suman; Wang, Chao-Yang] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chen, Ken S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Nanoscale & React Proc Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Electrochem Engine Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cxw31@psu.edu RI Wang, Chao-Yang/C-4122-2009 FU Sandia National Laboratories FX This work was funded by Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract no. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2009 VL 156 IS 6 BP B748 EP B756 DI 10.1149/1.3115470 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 440ZF UT WOS:000265737600024 ER EF