FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Winkler, B Juarez-Arellano, EA Friedrich, A Bayarjargal, L Yan, JY Clark, SM AF Winkler, Bjoern Juarez-Arellano, Erick A. Friedrich, Alexandra Bayarjargal, Lkhamsuren Yan, Jinyuan Clark, Simon Martin TI Reaction of titanium with carbon in a laser heated diamond anvil cell and reevaluation of a proposed pressure-induced structural phase transition of TiC SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Laser heated diamond anvil cell; Titanium carbide; Phase transition; Density functional theory ID NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; CARBIDE; METAL AB The formation of cubic TiC(x) from the elements was studied in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell at pressures up to 26 GPa. Annealed samples at these pressures show no splitting of the cubic (1 1 1) or (2 2 2) reflection. This is in contrast to an earlier study, in which a splitting of the (1 1 1) reflection was observed above 18 GPa. The recovered sample had a lattice parameter of 4.3238(6) angstrom, which implies that the synthesis gave fully stoichiometric Tic. Density functional theory-based model calculations were used to study the dependence of the total energy of a rhombohedral distortion. In these model calculations the total energy was minimal for the undistorted (cubic) lattice. Therefore, the results obtained here imply that at least for titanium carbides with a high carbon content no pressure-induced structural phase transition up to at least 26 GPa occurs. The appearance of a trigonal TiC(x) polymorph during the synthesis is discussed in terms of its relative stability with respect to the cubic phase. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Winkler, Bjoern; Juarez-Arellano, Erick A.; Friedrich, Alexandra; Bayarjargal, Lkhamsuren] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Yan, Jinyuan; Clark, Simon Martin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Winkler, B (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM B.Winkler@kristall.uni-frankfurt.de RI Clark, Simon/B-2041-2013 OI Juarez-Arellano, Erick/0000-0003-4844-8317; Clark, Simon/0000-0002-7488-3438 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [WI-1232]; CNV-Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; COMPRES; NSF [EAR 06-49658] FX This research was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project WI-1232), in the framework of the DFG-SPP 1236. AF thanks the CNV-Foundation for financial support. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This research was partially supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR 06-49658. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 478 IS 1-2 BP 392 EP 397 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.11.020 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 455SS UT WOS:000266786400083 ER PT J AU Mai, J Fok, L Gao, HF Zhang, X Poo, MM AF Mai, Junyu Fok, Lee Gao, Hongfeng Zhang, Xiang Poo, Mu-ming TI Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients SO JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; CHEMOTROPIC GUIDANCE; NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CELL-MIGRATION; SPINAL-CORD; CAMP; NETRIN-1; POLARITY; NEURONS AB Extracellular gradients of secreted guidance factors are known to guide axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. These factors are likely to bind to cell surfaces or extracellular matrix, but whether and how they may act in bound gradients remains mostly unclear. In this study, we have developed a new technique for rapid production of stable microscopic gradients of substrate-bound proteins by covalent bonding of the proteins with an epoxy-coated glass substrate while they are diffusing in an agarose gel. Using this method, we found that bound gradients of netrin-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can polarize the initiation and turning of axons in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, bound BDNF gradient caused attractive and repulsive polarizing response on gradients of low- and high-average density of BDNF, respectively. This novel bidirectional response to BDNF depended on the basal level of cAMP in the neuron. Finally, our data showed that the neuron's attractive response to bound BDNF gradient depended on the absolute difference rather than the relative difference in the BDNF density across the neuron, with a minimal effective difference of 1-2 BDNF molecule/mu m(2) on the substrate surface. Thus, substrate-bound guidance factors are highly effective in polarizing axon initiation and growth, and the diffusive printing technique is useful for studying neuronal responses induced by bound protein gradients. C1 [Gao, Hongfeng; Poo, Mu-ming] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mai, Junyu; Fok, Lee; Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Natl Sci Fdn, Nanoscale Sci & Engn Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Xiang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Poo, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 221 Life Sci Addit, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xiang@berkeley.edu; mpoo@berkeley.edu RI Zhang, Xiang/F-6905-2011 FU National Institutes of Health (NIH) [PN2 EY018228, NS22764]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) through NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (PN2 EY018228) to X.Z., and by an NIH grant (NS22764) to M-m. P.J.M. was supported by a National Science Foundation Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship. NR 46 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 26 PU SOC NEUROSCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0270-6474 J9 J NEUROSCI JI J. Neurosci. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 29 IS 23 BP 7450 EP 7458 DI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1121-09.2009 PG 9 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 459SV UT WOS:000267130800009 PM 19515913 ER PT J AU Tsoi, G Stemshorn, AK Vohra, YK Wu, PM Hsu, FC Huang, YL Wu, MK Yeh, KW Weir, ST AF Tsoi, Georgiy Stemshorn, Andrew K. Vohra, Yogesh K. Wu, Phillip M. Hsu, F. C. Huang, Y. L. Wu, M. K. Yeh, K. W. Weir, Samuel T. TI High pressure superconductivity in iron-based layered compounds studied using designer diamonds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; METAL AB High pressure superconductivity in iron-based superconductor FeSe(0.5)Te(0.5) has been studied up to 15 GPa and 10 K using an eight probe designer diamond anvil in a diamond anvil cell device. Four probe electrical resistance measurements show the onset of superconductivity (T(c)) at 14 K at ambient pressure with Tc increasing with increasing pressure to 19 K at a pressure of 3.6 GPa. At higher pressures beyond 3.6 GPa, Tc decreases and extrapolation suggests non-superconducting behavior above 10 GPa. The loss of superconductivity coincides with the pressure induced disordering of the Fe(SeTe)(4) tetrahedra reported at 11 GPa in x-ray diffraction studies at ambient temperature. C1 [Tsoi, Georgiy; Stemshorn, Andrew K.; Vohra, Yogesh K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Wu, Phillip M.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Hsu, F. C.; Huang, Y. L.; Wu, M. K.; Yeh, K. W.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. [Weir, Samuel T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tsoi, G (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012; Wu, Phillip/M-9431-2014 OI Wu, Phillip/0000-0002-3210-9823 FU Department of Energy (DOE)-National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) [DE-FG52-06NA26168]; Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) [DE-FC52-08NA28554] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy (DOE)-National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) under grant No. DE-FG52-06NA26168. Andrew Stemshorn acknowledges support from the Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) under grant No. DE-FC52-08NA28554. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 23 AR 232201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/23/232201 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 453AB UT WOS:000266581200001 PM 21825575 ER PT J AU Yao, YX Wang, CZ Zhang, GP Ji, M Ho, KM AF Yao, Y. X. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, G. P. Ji, M. Ho, K. M. TI A first-principles divide-and-conquer approach for electronic structure of large systems and its application to graphene nanoribbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID MINIMAL BASIS-SETS; TOTAL-ENERGY; SIZE; FORMALISM; ORBITALS AB We demonstrate an efficient and accurate first-principles method to calculate the electronic structure of a large system using a divide-and-conquer strategy based on localized quasi-atomic minimal basis set orbitals recently developed. Tight-binding Hamiltonian and overlap matrices of a large system can be constructed by extracting the matrix elements for a given pair of atoms from first-principles calculations of smaller systems that represent the local bonding environment of the particular atom pair. The approach is successfully applied to the studies of electronic structure in graphene nanoribbons. This provides a promising way to do the electronic simulation for large systems directly from first principles. C1 [Yao, Y. X.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Yao, YX (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM wangcz@ameslab.go RI Ji, Min/F-3503-2011; Zhang, Guiping/F-4390-2011; Yao, Yongxin/B-7320-2008 OI Zhang, Guiping/0000-0001-8697-5711; FU National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) in Berkeley FX Ames Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Iowa State University under contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11358. This work was supported by the Director for Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, including a grant of computer time at the National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) in Berkeley. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 23 AR 235501 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/23/235501 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 453AB UT WOS:000266581200013 PM 21825587 ER PT J AU Baker, SE Hopkins, RC Blanchette, CD Walsworth, VL Sumbad, R Fischer, NO Kuhn, EA Coleman, M Chromy, BA Letant, SE Hoeprich, PD Adams, MWW Henderson, PT AF Baker, Sarah E. Hopkins, Robert C. Blanchette, Craig D. Walsworth, Vicki L. Sumbad, Rhoda Fischer, Nicholas O. Kuhn, Edward A. Coleman, Matt Chromy, Brett A. Letant, Sonia E. Hoeprich, Paul D. Adams, Michael W. W. Henderson, Paul T. TI Hydrogen Production by a Hyperthermophilic Membrane-Bound Hydrogenase in Water-Soluble Nanolipoprotein Particles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMMOBILIZATION; BIOHYDROGEN; NANODISCS; PROTEINS AB Hydrogenases constitute a promising class of enzymes for ex vivo hydrogen production. Implementation of such applications is currently hindered by oxygen sensitivity and, in the case of membrane-bound hydrogenases (MBHs), poor water solubility. Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs) formed from apolipoproteins and phospholipids offer a novel means of incorporating MBHs into a well-defined water-soluble matrix that maintains the enzymatic activity and is amenable to incorporation into more complex architectures. We report the synthesis, hydrogen-evolving activity, and physical characterization of the first MBH-NLP assembly. This may ultimately lead to the development of biomimetic hydrogen-production devices. C1 [Baker, Sarah E.; Blanchette, Craig D.; Walsworth, Vicki L.; Sumbad, Rhoda; Fischer, Nicholas O.; Kuhn, Edward A.; Coleman, Matt; Chromy, Brett A.; Letant, Sonia E.; Hoeprich, Paul D.; Henderson, Paul T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. [Hopkins, Robert C.; Adams, Michael W. W.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hoeprich, PD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. EM hoeprich2@llnl.gov; paul.henderson@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LDRD 06-SI-003]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-05ER15710] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with support from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LDRD 06-SI-003 awarded to P.D.H.). R.C.H. and M.W.W.A. were supported by a contract (DE-FG02-05ER15710) from the U.S. DOE. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7508 EP + DI 10.1021/ja809251f PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900015 PM 19449869 ER PT J AU Yoo, S Kirov, MV Xantheas, SS AF Yoo, Soohaeng Kirov, Mikhail V. Xantheas, Sotiris S. TI Low-Energy Networks of the T-Cage (H2O)(24) Cluster and Their Use in Constructing Periodic Unit Cells of the Structure I (sl) Hydrate Lattice SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYHEDRAL WATER CLUSTERS; SIZED SILICON CLUSTERS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; HYDROGEN CLUSTERS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; APPROXIMATION; SIMULATIONS; TRANSITION; STABILITY AB Hydrate networks are "host" lattices for the storage of "guest" natural gases. To enhance their physical stabilities near ambient conditions, the most stable clathrate hydrates should be identified. Here we report the towest-energy networks of the tetrakaidecahedral cage (T-cage) (H2O)(24) cluster, a constituent of the unit cell of the structure I [denoted (sl)] hydrate. A four-step screening method was employed to search for the towest-energy T-cage networks, which were eventually optimized at the MP2 level of theory. We further outline a procedure based on the obtained tow-energy isomers of the T-cage for constructing periodic unit cells of the (sl) hydrate lattice. C1 [Yoo, Soohaeng; Xantheas, Sotiris S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kirov, Mikhail V.] Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Branch, Inst Earth Cryosphere, Tyumen 625000, Russia. RP Xantheas, SS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, POB 999,MS K1-83, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sotiris.xantheas@pnl.gov RI Xantheas, Sotiris/L-1239-2015 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-03-0-00338]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Part of this work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 08-03-0-00338) and by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Battelle operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research was performed in part using the Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research.. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7564 EP + DI 10.1021/ja9011222 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900043 PM 19435311 ER PT J AU Liu, JW Jiang, XM Ashley, C Brinker, CJ AF Liu, Juewen Jiang, Xingmao Ashley, Carlee Brinker, C. Jeffrey TI Electrostatically Mediated Liposome Fusion and Lipid Exchange with a Nanoparticle-Supported Bilayer for Control of Surface Charge, Drug Containment, and Delivery SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOPARTICLES; RESPONSIVE CONTROLLED-RELEASE; MEMBRANES; SYSTEM; MOLECULES; NEUROTRANSMITTERS; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; PROTEINS; VESICLES AB The loading and containment of cargo within nanoparticles and their efficient delivery to cells represent a primary challenge in nanomedicine. We report lipid exchange between free and mesoporous silica nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers as an effective means of containing cargo, controlling charge, and directing delivery to mammalian cells. The delivery of a membrane-impermeable dye (calcein) and a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin) are demonstrated. Exchanged lipid bilayers minimized premature drug release, and an overall positive charge on the supported lipid bilayer effected enhanced delivery. C1 [Liu, Juewen; Jiang, Xingmao; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Ashley, Carlee; Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Brinker, C. Jeffrey] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Ctr Microengineered Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. EM cjbrink@sandia.gov RI jiang, xingmao /H-3554-2013; Liu, Juewen/A-2701-2014 FU National Institutes of Health; DOE Office of Science; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, the DOE Office of Science, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 34 TC 144 Z9 150 U1 14 U2 137 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7567 EP + DI 10.1021/ja902039y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900044 PM 19445508 ER PT J AU Lucas, CA Thompson, P Cormack, M Brownrigg, A Fowler, B Strmcnik, D Stamenkovic, V Greeley, J Menzel, A You, H Markovic, NM AF Lucas, Christopher A. Thompson, Paul Cormack, Michael Brownrigg, Alexander Fowler, Ben Strmcnik, Dusan Stamenkovic, Vojislav Greeley, Jeff Menzel, Andreas You, Hoydoo Markovic, Nenad M. TI Temperature-Induced Ordering of Metal/Adsorbate Structures at Electrochemical Interfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; OXYGEN REDUCTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ELECTRODE SURFACES; ANION ADSORPTION; CO OXIDATION; AU(100); PT(111); RECONSTRUCTION; DIFFRACTION AB The influence of temperature changes in water-based electrolytes on the atomic structure at the electrochemical interface has been studied using in situ surface X-ray scattering (SXS) in combination with cyclic voltammetry. Results are presented for the potential-dependent surface reconstruction of Au(100), the adsorption and ordering of bromide anions on the Au(100) surface, and the adsorption and oxidation of CO on Pt(111) in pure HClO(4) and in the presence of anions. These systems represent a range of structural phenomena, namely metal surface restructuring and ordering transitions in both nonreactive spectator species and reactive adsorbate layers. The key effect of temperature appears to be in controlling the kinetics of the surface reactions that involve oxygenated species, such as hydroxyl adsorption and oxide formation. The results indicate that temperature effects should be considered in the determination of structure-function relationships in many important electrochemical systems. C1 [Lucas, Christopher A.; Thompson, Paul; Cormack, Michael; Brownrigg, Alexander; Fowler, Ben] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Strmcnik, Dusan; Stamenkovic, Vojislav; You, Hoydoo; Markovic, Nenad M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Greeley, Jeff] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Menzel, Andreas] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Lucas, CA (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. EM clucas@liv.ac.uk; nmmarkovic@anl.gov RI Menzel, Andreas/C-4388-2012; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011; OI Menzel, Andreas/0000-0002-0489-609X; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483; Lucas, Christopher/0000-0001-5743-3868 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7654 EP 7661 DI 10.1021/ja9014666 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900055 PM 19489644 ER PT J AU Chow, MS Eser, BE Wilson, SA Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Fitzpatrick, PF Solomon, EI AF Chow, Marina S. Eser, Bekir E. Wilson, Samuel A. Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Fitzpatrick, Paul F. Solomon, Edward I. TI Spectroscopy and Kinetics of Wild-Type and Mutant Tyrosine Hydroxylase: Mechanistic Insight into O-2 Activation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; HUMAN PHENYLALANINE-HYDROXYLASE; AMINO-ACID HYDROXYLASES; NONHEME IRON ENZYMES; ACTIVE-SITE IRON; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXYGEN ACTIVATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION AB Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a pterin-dependent nonheme iron enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation Of L-tyr to L-DOPA in the rate-limiting step of catecholamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis. We have previously shown that the Fe-II site in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) converts from six-coordinate (6C) to five-coordinate (5C) only when both substrate + cofactor are bound. However, steady-state kinetics indicate that TH has a different co-substrate binding sequence (pterin + O-2 + L-tyr) than PAH (L-phe + pterin + O-2). Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and variable-temperature-variable-field magnetic circular dichroism (VTVH MCD) spectroscopy, we have investigated the geometric and electronic structure of the wild-type (WT) TH and two mutants, S395A and E332A, and their interactions with substrates. All three forms of TH undergo 6C -> 5C conversion with tyr + pterin, consistent with the general mechanistic strategy established for O-2-activating nonheme iron enzymes. We have also applied single-turnover kinetic experiments with spectroscopic data to evaluate the mechanism of the O-2 and pterin reactions in TH. When the Fe-II site is 6C, the two-electron reduction Of O-2 to peroxide by Fe-II and pterin is favored over individual one-electron reactions, demonstrating that both a 5C Fe-II and a redox-active pterin are required for coupled O-2 reaction. When the Fe-II is 5C, the O-2 reaction is accelerated by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Comparison of the kinetics of WT TH, which produces Fe-IV=O + 4a-OH-pterin, and E332A TH, which does not, shows that the E332 residue plays an important role in directing the protonation of the bridged Fe-II-OO-pterin intermediate in WT to productively form Fe-IV=O, which is responsible for hydroxylating L-tyr to L-DOPA. C1 [Chow, Marina S.; Wilson, Samuel A.; Hodgson, Keith O.; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hodgson, Keith O.; Hedman, Britt; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Eser, Bekir E.; Fitzpatrick, Paul F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Eser, Bekir E.; Fitzpatrick, Paul F.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM hodgson@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; hedman@ssrl.slac.stanford.edu; fitzpatrick@biochem.uthscsa.edu; edward.solomon@stanford.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM 40392, GM 47291, RR-01209]; Welch Foundation [A-1245]; U.S. Department of Energy; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program and the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [5 P41 RR001209] FX Financial support was provided by the National Institutes of Health (Grants no. GM 40392 to E.I.S., GM 47291 to P.F.F, and RR-01209 to K.O.H.) and The Welch Foundation (A-1245) to P.F.F. SSRL operations are funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (Office of Basic Energy Science). The Structural Molecular Biology program at SSRL is funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program and the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. This publication was made possible in part by Grant No. 5 P41 RR001209 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. NR 63 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7685 EP 7698 DI 10.1021/ja810080c PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900058 PM 19489646 ER PT J AU Kilina, S Ivanov, S Tretiak, S AF Kilina, Svetlana Ivanov, Sergei Tretiak, Sergei TI Effect of Surface Ligands on Optical and Electronic Spectra of Semiconductor Nanoclusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; RESOLUTION PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH; NANOPARTICLES; EXCITONS; CLUSTERS; BINDING AB We investigate the impact of ligands on the morphology, electronic structure, and optical response of the Cd(33)Se(33) cluster, which overlaps in size with the smallest synthesized CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). Our density functional theory calculations demonstrate significant surface reorganization for both the bare cluster and the cluster capped with amine or phosphine oxide model ligands. We observe strong surface-ligand interactions leading to substantial charge redistribution and polarization effects on the surface. These effects result in the development of hybridized states, for which the electronic density is spread over the cluster and the ligands. The loss of one of the passivating ligands leads to either optically dark or bright additional states inside of the band gap, depending on the position of the leaving ligand on the QD surface. However, for fully ligated QDs, neither the ligand-localized nor hybridized molecular orbitals appear as trap states inside or near the band gap of the QD. Instead, being mostly optically dark, dense hybridized states could open new relaxation channels for high-energy photoexcitations. Comparing QDs passivated by different ligands, we also found that hybridized states are denser at the edge of the conduction band of the cluster ligated with phosphine oxide molecules than that with primary amines. Such a different manifestation of ligand binding may potentially lead to faster electron relaxation in QDs passivated by phosphine oxide than by amine ligands. C1 [Kilina, Svetlana] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kilina, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM skilina@gmail.com; serg@lanl.gov RI Ivanov, Sergei/B-5505-2011; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Center for Integrated Nanotechnology (CINT); Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) FX We thank Victor I. Klimov for fruitful discussions and comments, and Arthur Nozik for sending us ref 13 before publication. S.K. is grateful to Oleg V. Prezhdo and Dmitri Kilin for useful suggestions. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. We acknowledge support of Center for Integrated Nanotechnology (CINT) and Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS). NR 45 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 6 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7717 EP 7726 DI 10.1021/ja9005749 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900061 PM 19425603 ER PT J AU Liang, CD Xie, H Schwartz, V Howe, J Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Liang, Chengdu Xie, Hong Schwartz, Viviane Howe, Jane Dai, Sheng Overbury, Steven H. TI Open-Cage Fullerene-like Graphitic Carbons as Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORDERED MESOPOROUS POLYMERS; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; NANOTUBES; ETHYLBENZENE; TRANSFORMATION; FRAMEWORKS AB We report herein a facile synthesis of fullerene-like cages, which can be opened and closed through simple thermal treatments. A glassy carbon with enclosed fullerene-like cages of 2-3 nm was synthesized through a soft-template approach that created open mesopores of 7 nm. The open mesopores provided access to the fullerene-like cages, which were opened and closed through heat treatments in air and inert gas at various temperatures. Catalytic measurements showed that the open cages displayed strikingly higher activity for the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane in comparison to the closed ones. We anticipate that this synthesis approach could unravel an avenue for pursuing fundamental understanding of the unique catalytic properties of graphitic carbon nanostructures. C1 [Liang, Chengdu; Xie, Hong; Schwartz, Viviane; Dai, Sheng; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Howe, Jane] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dai, Sheng; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liang, CD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liangcn@ornl.gov; schwartzv@ornl.gov RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 11 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7735 EP 7741 DI 10.1021/ja900888p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900063 PM 19449866 ER PT J AU Dey, A Jiang, YI de Montellano, PO Hodgson, KO Hedman, B Solomon, EI AF Dey, Abhishek Jiang, Yonging de Montellano, Paul Ortiz Hodgson, Keith O. Hedman, Britt Solomon, Edward I. TI S K-edge XAS and DFT Calculations on Cytochrome P450: Covalent and Ionic Contributions to the Cysteine-Fe Bond and Their Contribution to Reactivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HEME-CONTAINING OXYGENASES; HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; COMPOUND-I FORMATION; C-H HYDROXYLATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SULFUR-K; PROTEIN ENVIRONMENT; CORRELATION-ENERGY AB Experimental covalencies of the Fe-S bond for the resting low-spin and substrate-bound high-spin active site of cytochrome P450 are reported. DFT calculations on the active site indicate that one H-bonding interaction from the protein backbone is needed to reproduce the experimental values. The H-bonding to the thiolate from the backbone decreases the anisotropic pi covalency of the Fe-S bond lowering the barrier of free rotation of the exchangeable axial ligand, which is important for reactivity. The anionic axial thiolate ligand is calculated to lower the Fe(III/II) reduction potential of the active site by more than 1 V compared to a neutral imidazole ligand. About half of this derives from its covalent bonding and half from its electrostatic interaction with the oxidized Fe. This axial thiolate ligand increases the pK(a) of compound 0 (Fe(III)-hydroperoxo) favoring its protonation which promotes O-O bond heterolysis forming compound I. The reactivity of compound I is calculated to be relatively insensitive to the nature of the axial ligand due to opposing reduction potential and proton affinity contributions to the H-atom abstraction energy. C1 [Jiang, Yonging; de Montellano, Paul Ortiz] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Hodgson, Keith O.; Hedman, Britt; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Dey, Abhishek; Hodgson, Keith O.; Solomon, Edward I.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP de Montellano, PO (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. EM edward.solomon@stanford.edu RI Dey, Abhishek/D-2825-2013 OI Dey, Abhishek/0000-0002-9166-3349 FU NIH [0446304, RR-01209, GM25515]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; National Center for Research Resources; Biomedical Technology Program; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [5 P41 RR001209] FX This research was supported by NIH Grants No. 0446304 (E.I.S.), RR-01209 (K.O.H.), GM25515 (P.O.M.). SSRL operations are supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Dr. Takehiro Otah is acknowledged for helpful discussions. This publication was partly made possible by Grant No. 5 P41 RR001209 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. NR 62 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 22 BP 7869 EP 7878 DI 10.1021/ja901868q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 460HD UT WOS:000267177900077 PM 19438234 ER PT J AU Seaman, SJ Dyar, MD Marinkovic, N AF Seaman, Sheila J. Dyar, M. Darby Marinkovic, Nebojsa TI The effects of heterogeneity in magma water concentration on the development of flow banding and spherulites in rhyolitic lava SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rhyolite; flow banding; FTIR spectroscopy; water; spherulite ID BASALTIC GLASSES; MOLAR ABSORPTIVITIES; IMPURITY SEGREGATION; GRANITIC PEGMATITES; ANDESITIC GLASSES; SILICIC VOLCANISM; SOUTHERN ARIZONA; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; CRYSTALLIZATION; MELT AB This study focuses on the origin of flow-banded rhyolites that consist of compositionally similar darker and lighter flow bands of contrasting texture and color. Infrared radiation was used to obtain Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra from which water concentrations were calculated, and to map variations in water concentrations across zones of spherulites and glass from the similar to 23 million year old Sycamore Canyon lava flow of southern Arizona. Lighter-colored, thicker flow bands consist of gray glass, fine-grained quartz, and large (1.0 to 1.5 mm) spherulites. Darker-colored, thinner flow bands consist of orange glass and smaller (0.1 to 0.2 mm) spherulites. The centers of both large and small spherulites are occupied by either (1) a quartz or sanidine crystal, (2) a granophyric intergrowth, or (3) a vesicle. Mapping of water concentration (dominantly OH(-) in glass and OH(-) and H(2)O in sanidine crystals) illustrates fluctuating water availability during quenching of the host melt. Textures of large spherulites in the lighter (gray) bands in some cases indicate complex quenching histories that suggest that local water concentration controlled the generation of glass versus crystals. Small spherulites in darker (orange) bands have only one generation of radiating crystal growth. Both the glass surrounding spherulites, and the crystals in the spherulites contain more water in the gray flow bands than in the orange flow bands. Flow banding in the Sycamore Canyon lava flow may have originated by the stretching of a magma that contained pre-existing zones (vesicles or proto-vesicles) of contrasting water concentration, as the magma flowed in the conduit and on the surface. Variation in the original water concentration in the alternating layers is interpreted to have resulted in differences in undercooling textures in spherulites in the lighter compared to the darker flow bands. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Seaman, Sheila J.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Dyar, M. Darby] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. [Marinkovic, Nebojsa] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Seaman, SJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM sjs@geo.umass.edu; mdyar@mtholyoke.edu; marinkov@bnl.gov RI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-0229607] FX The authors thank the National Synchrotron Light Source of Brookhaven National Laboratory for the opportunity to collect FTIR data on beamline U10B. We appreciate the generous help of Dr. Lisa Miller and Randy Smith of the National Synchrotron Light Source. We thank Mike Vollinger for help with major and trace element X-ray fluorescence analyses. This work was funded by National Science Foundation grant EAR-0229607, for which we are grateful. We thank Penny King, Helge Gonnermann, Alex Nichols, Hugh Tuffen, and an anonymous reviewer for thorough and thoughtful reviews, and Michael Williams and Paul Low for excellent reviews of early drafts of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 183 IS 3-4 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.03.001 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 461WI UT WOS:000267303100002 ER PT J AU van Albada, GA van der Horst, MG Teat, SJ Gamez, P Roubeau, O Mutikainen, I Turpeinen, U Reedijk, J AF van Albada, Gerard A. van der Horst, Maarten G. Teat, Simon J. Gamez, Patrick Roubeau, Olivier Mutikainen, Ilpo Turpeinen, Urho Reedijk, Jan TI Polynuclear Cu(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) coordination compounds with bis(pyrimidin-2-yl)amine and dicyanamide SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE Crystal structure; Copper; Nickel; Cadmium; Dicyanamide; Polynuclear ID TRANSITION-METAL IONS; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYDROGEN-BONDS; COMPLEXES; LIGANDS; POLYMERS; COPPER(II); DCA AB In this study the synthesis, crystal structure and characterization of three new transition metal polynuclear compounds with formula [Cu(dipm)(mu-dca)(2)](n)(H(2)O) (1), [Ni(dipm)(mu-dca)(2)] n(C(2)H(6)O)(1/2) (2) and [Cd(dipm)(mu-dca)(2)](n) (3) (in which dipm = bis(pyrimidin-2-yl)amine and dca = dicyanamide) are reported. The isostructural compounds 1 and 2 contain a double-bridging end-to-end dca unit connecting two metal ions and a single bridging end-to-end dca unit between subsequent metals. Compound 3 exhibits only single bridging end-to-end dca units, oriented in three directions, giving rise to a 3D framework. The geometry around the Cu(II) (1) and the Ni(II) (2) centers is (distorted) octahedral and consists of two nitrogen atoms of a bis-chelating dipm ligand, two nitrogen atoms of two different dca anions both acting as end-to-end bridges between two M(II) ions and two nitrogen atoms of two different dca molecules which are end-to-end bridged to two different M(II) ions. The geometry around the Cd(II) ion (3) is octahedral and consists of 2 nitrogen atoms of a bis-chelating dipm ligand and four nitrogen atoms of four different dca anions which form end-to-end bridges to four different Cd(II) ions, thus producing a 3D network. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [van Albada, Gerard A.; van der Horst, Maarten G.; Gamez, Patrick; Reedijk, Jan] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Teat, Simon J.] Berkeley Lab, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Roubeau, Olivier] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, CRPP, F-33600 Pessac, France. [Mutikainen, Ilpo; Turpeinen, Urho] Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, Inorgan Chem Lab, Helsinki 00014, Finland. RP Reedijk, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, Gorlaeus Labs, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM reedijk@chem.leidenuniv.nl RI Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012; Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010 OI Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525; Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843 FU NRSC; FP6 Network of Excellence "MAGMANet" [515767]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work described in the present paper has been supported by the Leiden University Study group WFMO (Werkgroep Fundamenteel MaterialenOnderzoek). Support of the NRSC Catalysis (Research School Combination of HRSMC and NIOK) is kindly acknowledged. Financial support and coordination by the FP6 Network of Excellence "MAGMANet" (Contract No. 515767) is kindly acknowledged. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1541 EP 1545 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2009.03.008 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 561JA UT WOS:000274971000021 ER PT J AU Wiedenheft, B Zhou, KH Jinek, M Coyle, SM Ma, W Doudna, JA AF Wiedenheft, Blake Zhou, Kaihong Jinek, Martin Coyle, Scott M. Ma, Wendy Doudna, Jennifer A. TI Structural Basis for DNase Activity of a Conserved Protein Implicated in CRISPR-Mediated Genome Defense SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID SHORT PALINDROMIC REPEATS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROKARYOTES; FAMILY; SOFTWARE; BACTERIA; ELEMENTS; REVEALS; ARCHAEA AB Acquired immunity in prokaryotes is achieved by integrating short fragments of foreign nucleic acids into clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs). This nucleic acid-based immune system is mediated by a variable cassette of up to 45 protein families that represent distinct immune system subtypes. CRISPR-associated gene 1 (cas1) encodes the only universally conserved protein component of CRISPR immune systems, yet its function is unknown. Here we show that the Cas1 protein is a metal-dependent DNA-specific endonuclease that produces double-stranded DNA fragments of similar to 80 base pairs in length. The 2.2 angstrom crystal structure of the Cas1 protein reveals a distinct fold and a conserved divalent metal ion-binding site. Mutation of metal ion-binding residues, chelation of metal ions, or metal-ion substitution inhibits Cas1-catalyzed DNA degradation. These results provide a foundation for understanding how Cas1 contributes to CRISPR function, perhaps as part of the machinery for processing foreign nucleic acids. C1 [Wiedenheft, Blake; Zhou, Kaihong; Ma, Wendy; Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wiedenheft, Blake; Zhou, Kaihong; Jinek, Martin; Coyle, Scott M.; Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doudna, Jennifer A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Doudna, Jennifer A.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doudna, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM doudna@berkeley.edu OI Jinek, Martin/0000-0002-7601-210X FU Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; U.S. National Institutes of Health [5R01GM073794-02]; Life Sciences Research Foundation; International Human Frontier Science Program FX We are grateful to members of the Doudna laboratory, Stan Brouns, and Jack Kirsch for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript, to Cone Ralston and the staff at beamline 8.2.2 of the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, for assistance with X-ray data collection, and to David King for his assistance at the HHMI mass spectrometry facility. This work was supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and U.S. National Institutes of Health grant 5R01GM073794-02. B.W. is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Fellow of the Life Sciences Research Foundation. M.J. is supported by a long-term fellowship from the International Human Frontier Science Program. NR 35 TC 112 Z9 120 U1 7 U2 26 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD JUN 10 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 6 BP 904 EP 912 DI 10.1016/j.str.2009.03.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 458QZ UT WOS:000267039900015 PM 19523907 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Rodriguez, MA Alam, TM Anderson, TM Ambrosini, A AF Nyman, May Rodriguez, Mark A. Alam, Todd M. Anderson, Travis M. Ambrosini, Andrea TI Aqueous Synthesis and Structural Comparison of Rare Earth Niobates and Tantalates: (La,K,square)(2)Nb2O7-x(OH)(2) and Ln(2)Ta(2)O(7)(OH)(2) (square = vacancy; Ln = La-Sm) SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LINDQVIST ION; SOLID-STATE; LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES; NIOBIUM OXIDES; WATER; OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; HEXANIOBATE; CHEMISTRY AB Rare-earth niobates and tantalates are functional materials that are exploited as photocatalysts, host lattices for phosphors, and ion conductors. These phases are extremely challenging to synthesize by methods other than solid-state processing, which limits expansion of this useful class of materials. Hydrothermal processing in particular is hampered by the incompatibility of base-soluble tantalate or niobate with acid-soluble rare-earth oxides. Furthermore, an added challenge with tantalates is they are especially inert and insoluble. We present here a general hydrothermal process that has produced a range of rare-earth niobate/tantalate materials; including new phases, (La,K,square)(2)Nb2O7-x(OH)(2) (1) and Ln(2)Ta(2)O(7)(OH)(2) (2) (square = vacancy, Ln = La-Sm-excluding radioactive promethium). The structures of 1 and the La-analogue of 2 were determined from powder X-ray diffraction data collected at the APS 11-BM line and corroborated by compositional analyses, infrared spectroscopy, La-139 and H-1 MAS NMR, and thermogravimetric analyses. The synthesis and characterization studies reveal that the tantalate (2) is compositionally pure with no vacancies or dopants, while the niobate (1) formed under identical conditions has both vacancies and potassium dopants. We attribute these features to the greater flexibility of Nb5+ in oxide lattices to accommodate distorted and lower coordination geometries, whereas Ta5+ is found predominantly in octahedral environments. Other differences in aqueous niobate and tantalate chemistry are noted by the different phases that form as a function of the Ln(3+) radius. C1 [Nyman, May; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Alam, Todd M.; Anderson, Travis M.; Ambrosini, Andrea] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories' LDRD program; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was funded by Sandia National Laboratories' LDRD program. Sandia is a multiprograrn laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We thank Lynn Ribaud at APS for his help with specimen preparation, data collection, and file formatting. NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2201 EP 2208 DI 10.1021/cm9001509 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 454UR UT WOS:000266708700007 ER PT J AU Huang, YH Liang, G Croft, M Lehtimaki, M Karppinen, M Goodenought, JB AF Huang, Yun-Hui Liang, Gan Croft, Mark Lehtimaki, Matti Karppinen, Maarit Goodenought, John B. TI Double-Perovskite Anode Materials Sr2MMoO6 (M = Co, Ni) for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-STABILITY; SR2MGMOO6-DELTA; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ABSORPTION; METHANE; SR2COMOO6; ROUTE; ORDER AB Double-perovskites Sr2MMoO6 (M = Co, Ni) have been investigated as anode materials for a solid oxide fuel cell. At room temperature, both Sr2CoMoO6 and Sr2NiMoO6 are tetragonal (I4/m). X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Co2+/Mo6+ and Ni2+/Mo6+ pairs in the oxygen-stoichiometric compounds. The samples contain a limited concentration of oxygen vacancies in the reducing atmospheres at an anode. Reoxidation is facile below 600 degrees C; they become antiferromagnetic at low temperatures T-N = 37 and 80 K for M = Co and Ni, respectively. As an anode with a 300 mu m thick La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17O2.815 electrolyte and SrFe0.2Co0.8O3-delta as a cathode, Sr2CoMoO6 exhibited maximum power densities of 735 mW/cm(2) in H-2 and 527 mW/cm(2) in wet CH4 at 800 degrees C; Sr2NiMoO6 shows a notable power output only in dry CH4. The high performance of Sr2CoMoO6 in wet CH4 may be due to its catalytic effect on steam reforming of methane, but some degradation of the structure that occurred in CH4 obscures identification of the catalytic reaction processes at the surface. However, the stronger octahedral-site preference of Ni2+ versus Co2+ can account for the lower performance of the M = Ni anode. C1 [Huang, Yun-Hui; Goodenought, John B.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Liang, Gan] Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Phys, Huntsville, TX 77341 USA. [Croft, Mark] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Croft, Mark] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Lehtimaki, Matti; Karppinen, Maarit] Helsinki Univ Technol, Chim Inorgan Lab, Dept Chem, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland. [Huang, Yun-Hui] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Mat Proc & Die & Mold Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Huang, YH (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, ETC 9-102, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM huangyh@mail.hust.edu.cn RI Karppinen, Maarit/G-8035-2012; Huang, Yunhui/C-3752-2014; Lehtimaki, Matti/I-9138-2014 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0718482]; Academy of Finland [110433, 116254]; National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China [50825203] FX We thank the Robert A. Welch Foundation, Houston, TX, for support of this work. The work at Sam Houston State University (SHSU) was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0718482 and an award from Research Corporation. M.K. acknowledges financial support from the Academy of Finland (Decision Nos. 110433 and 116254). Y.H.H. acknowledges support from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 50825203). NR 28 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 9 U2 86 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 11 BP 2319 EP 2326 DI 10.1021/cm8033643 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 454UR UT WOS:000266708700021 ER PT J AU Winoto, W Tan, SP Shen, YQ Radosz, M Hong, K Mays, JW AF Winoto, Winoto Tan, Sugata P. Shen, Youqing Radosz, Maciej Hong, Kunlun Mays, Jimmy W. TI High-Pressure Micellar Solutions of Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene and Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene in Propane Exhibit Cloud-Pressure Reduction and Distinct Micellization End Points SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; MODEL POLYDIENES; COPOLYMER; DENSITY; POLYOLEFINS; TRANSITION; SCATTERING; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB Micellar solutions of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene in propane are found to exhibit significantly lower cloud pressures than the corresponding hypothetical nonmicellar solutions. Such a cloud-pressure reduction indicates the extent to which micelle formation enhances the apparent diblock solubility in near-critical and hence compressible propane. Concentration-dependent pressure-temperature points beyond which no micelles can be formed, referred to as the micellization end points, are found to depend on the block type, size, and ratio. The cloud-pressure reduction and the micellization end point measured for styrene-diene diblocks in propane should be characteristic of all amphiphilic diblock copolymer solutions that form micelles in compressible solvents. C1 [Winoto, Winoto; Tan, Sugata P.; Shen, Youqing; Radosz, Maciej] Univ Wyoming, Soft Mat Lab, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hong, Kunlun; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radosz, M (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Soft Mat Lab, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM radosz@uwyo.edu RI Shen, Youqing/E-6144-2011; Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Shen, Youqing/0000-0003-1837-7976; Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 FU National Science Foundation [CTS-0625338]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [CNMS2006-114] FX This work is funded by a National Science Foundation Grant CTS-0625338 at the University of Wyoming. Part of this research was done at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, through User Project CNMS2006-114. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 11 BP 3823 EP 3826 DI 10.1021/ma900270u PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 453ZN UT WOS:000266651500023 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Zhou, XE Motola, DL Gao, X Suino-Powell, K Conneely, A Ogata, C Sharma, KK Auchus, RJ Lok, JB Hawdon, JM Kliewer, SA Xu, HE Mangelsdorf, DJ AF Wang, Zhu Zhou, X. Edward Motola, Daniel L. Gao, Xin Suino-Powell, Kelly Conneely, Aoife Ogata, Craig Sharma, Kamalesh K. Auchus, Richard J. Lok, James B. Hawdon, John M. Kliewer, Steven A. Xu, H. Eric Mangelsdorf, David J. TI Identification of the nuclear receptor DAF-12 as a therapeutic target in parasitic nematodes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE dafachronic acid; parasitology; pharmacology; X-ray crystal structure ID 3RD-STAGE INFECTIVE LARVAE; ANCYLOSTOMA-CANINUM; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; STRONGYLOIDES-STERCORALIS; HORMONE-RECEPTOR; DAUER FORMATION; INHIBITOR; LIGANDS; CLONING AB Nematode parasitism is a worldwide health problem resulting in malnutrition and morbidity in over 1 billion people. The molecular mechanisms governing infection are poorly understood. Here, we report that an evolutionarily conserved nuclear hormone receptor signaling pathway governs development of the stage 3 infective larvae (iL3) in several nematode parasites, including Strongyloides stercoralis, Ancylostoma spp., and Necator americanus. As in the free-living Caenorhabditis elegans, steroid hormone-like dafachronic acids induced recovery of the dauer-like iL3 in parasitic nematodes by activating orthologs of the nuclear receptor DAF-12. Moreover, administration of dafachronic acid markedly reduced the pathogenic iL3 population in S. stercoralis, indicating the potential use of DAF-12 ligands to treat disseminated strongyloidiasis. To understand the pharmacology of targeting DAF-12, we solved the 3-dimensional structure of the S. stercoralis DAF-12 ligand-binding domain cocrystallized with dafachronic acids. These results reveal the molecular basis for DAF-12 ligand binding and identify nuclear receptors as unique therapeutic targets in parasitic nematodes. C1 [Wang, Zhu; Motola, Daniel L.; Kliewer, Steven A.; Mangelsdorf, David J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pharmacol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Wang, Zhu; Motola, Daniel L.; Kliewer, Steven A.; Mangelsdorf, David J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Kliewer, Steven A.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Mol Biol, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Zhou, X. Edward; Suino-Powell, Kelly; Conneely, Aoife; Xu, H. Eric] Van Andel Res Inst, Lab Struct Sci, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA. [Gao, Xin; Hawdon, John M.] George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Trop Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. [Ogata, Craig] Argonne Natl Lab, Gen Med & Canc Inst, Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sharma, Kamalesh K.; Auchus, Richard J.] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Internal Med, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. [Lok, James B.] Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Mangelsdorf, DJ (reprint author), Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dept Pharmacol, 6001 Forest Pk Rd, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. EM davo.mango@utsouthwestern.edu RI Wang, Zhu/H-3844-2013; Gao, Cyan/O-9316-2014; OI Hawdon, John/0000-0002-6164-1413 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Robert A. Welch Foundation; Jay and Betty Van Andel Foundation; National Institutes of Health [U19DK62434, AI062857, AI069293, AI50688, AI22662, DK071662, DK066202, HL089301]; National Cancer Institute [Y1-CO-1020]; National Institute of General Medical Science [Y1-GM-1104]; U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank L. Avery and D. Russell for helpful discussion; Dr. Afzal Siddiqui for ssDAF-12 cDNA; the Genome Sequencing Center of Washington University of St. Louis for aceDAF-12 cDNA; Dr. E. J. Corey for Delta 7-dafachronic acid; and Y. Li, J. Lai, S. Kruse, and R. Talaski for participating in the early phase of the DAF-12 expression and crystallization trials. This work was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D. J. M.); the Robert A. Welch Foundation (D. J. M., S. A. K., and R. J. A.); the Jay and Betty Van Andel Foundation (H. E. X.); and National Institutes of Health Grants U19DK62434 (to D. J. M.), AI062857 and AI069293 (to J. M. H.), AI50688 and AI22662 (to J. B. L.), and DK071662, DK066202, and HL089301 (to H. E. X.). The X-ray data were collected by the General Medicine and Cancer Institutes Collaborative Access Team, which is funded by the National Cancer Institute Grant Y1-CO-1020 and the National Institute of General Medical Science Grant Y1-GM-1104. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. D. J. M. is an investigator for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. NR 24 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 7 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 23 BP 9138 EP 9143 DI 10.1073/pnas.0904064106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 456CN UT WOS:000266817500008 PM 19497877 ER PT J AU Goldstein, RZ Alia-Klein, N Tomasi, D Carrillo, JH Maloney, T Woicik, PA Wang, RL Telang, F Volkow, ND AF Goldstein, Rita Z. Alia-Klein, Nelly Tomasi, Dardo Carrillo, Jean Honorio Maloney, Thomas Woicik, Patricia A. Wang, Ruiliang Telang, Frank Volkow, Nora D. TI Anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivations to an emotionally salient task in cocaine addiction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI; salience; brain-behavior dissociation; craving; cocaine use ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; BRAIN ACTIVATION; COUNTING STROOP; FRONTAL-CORTEX; FMRI; DYSFUNCTION; DEPRESSION; CONFLICT; ABUSERS; IMPULSIVITY AB Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) hypoactivations during cognitive processing characterize drug addicted individuals as compared with healthy controls. However, impaired behavioral performance or task disengagement may be crucial factors. We hypothesized that ACC hypoactivations would be documented in groups matched for performance on an emotionally salient task. Seventeen individuals with current cocaine use disorders ( CUD) and 17 demographically matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of a rewarded drug cue-reactivity task previously shown to engage the ACC. Despite lack of group differences in objective or subjective task-related performance, CUD showed more ACC hypoactivations throughout this emotionally salient task. Nevertheless, intensity of emotional salience contributed to results: (i) CUD with the largest rostroventral ACC [Brodmann Area (BA) 10, 11, implicated in default brain functionl hypoactivations to the most salient task condition (drug words during the highest available monetary reward), had the least task-induced cocaine craving; (ii) CUD with the largest caudal-dorsal ACC (BA 32) hypoactivations especially to the least salient task condition (neutral words with no reward) had the most frequent current cocaine use; and (iii) responses to the most salient task condition in both these ACC major subdivisions were positively intercorrelated in the controls only. In conclusion, ACC hypoactivations in drug users cannot be attributed to task difficulty or disengagement. Nevertheless, emotional salience modulates ACC responses in proportion to drug use severity. Interventions to strengthen ACC reactivity or interconnectivity may be beneficial in enhancing top-down monitoring and emotion regulation as a strategy to reduce impulsive and compulsive behavior in addiction. C1 [Goldstein, Rita Z.; Alia-Klein, Nelly; Tomasi, Dardo; Carrillo, Jean Honorio; Maloney, Thomas; Woicik, Patricia A.; Wang, Ruiliang; Telang, Frank] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med Res, Ctr Translat Neuroimaging, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Carrillo, Jean Honorio] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Comp Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Telang, Frank] NIAAA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RP Goldstein, RZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med Res, Ctr Translat Neuroimaging, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rgoldstein@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 FU National Institute on Drug Abuse [1R01DA023579, R21DA02062]; General Clinical Research Center [5-MO1-RR-10710] FX We thank Muhammad A. Parvaz for help with task administration, Alex Panagopoulos and Dimitris Samaras for help with early data analyses, and Gene- Jack Wang for help with medical screens. This study was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants 1R01DA023579 and R21DA02062 (to R.Z.G.) and General Clinical Research Center Grant 5-MO1-RR-10710. NR 51 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 5 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUN 9 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 23 BP 9453 EP 9458 DI 10.1073/pnas.0900491106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 456CN UT WOS:000266817500063 PM 19478067 ER PT J AU Branz, HM Yost, VE Ward, S Jones, KM To, B Stradins, P AF Branz, Howard M. Yost, Vernon E. Ward, Scott Jones, Kim M. To, Bobby Stradins, Paul TI Nanostructured black silicon and the optical reflectance of graded-density surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE catalysts; elemental semiconductors; etching; nanoparticles; optical constants; porosity; reflectivity; silicon ID CATALYST AB We fabricate and measure graded-index "black silicon" surfaces and find the underlying scaling law governing reflectance. Wet etching (100) silicon in HAuCl(4), HF, and H(2)O(2) produces Au nanoparticles that catalyze formation of a network of [100]-oriented nanopores. This network grades the near-surface optical constants and reduces reflectance to below 2% at wavelengths from 300 to 1000 nm. As the density-grade depth increases, reflectance decreases exponentially with a characteristic grade depth of about 1/8 the vacuum wavelength or half the wavelength in Si. Observation of Au nanoparticles at the ends of cylindrical nanopores confirms local catalytic action of moving Au nanoparticles. C1 [Branz, Howard M.; Yost, Vernon E.; Ward, Scott; Jones, Kim M.; To, Bobby; Stradins, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Branz, HM (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM howard.branz@nrel.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The authors are grateful to many NREL colleagues. D. Ginley provided helpful discussions of the chemistry and A. Duda, H.-C. Yuan, and M. Page made valuable suggestions. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 16 TC 136 Z9 142 U1 7 U2 69 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 23 AR 231121 DI 10.1063/1.3152244 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 457ZH UT WOS:000266977100021 ER PT J AU Li, QM Figiel, JJ Wang, GT AF Li, Qiming Figiel, Jeffrey J. Wang, George T. TI Dislocation density reduction in GaN by dislocation filtering through a self-assembled monolayer of silica microspheres SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; cathodoluminescence; dislocation density; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; monolayers; self-assembly; silicon compounds; transmission electron microscopy; wide band gap semiconductors ID THREADING DISLOCATIONS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GROWTH AB We demonstrate the use of self-assembled monolayers of silica microspheres as selective growth masks for significant threading dislocation density reduction in GaN on sapphire epilayers. During GaN regrowth through the close-packed monolayer, the silica microspheres effectively terminate the propagation of threading dislocations. As a result, the threading dislocation density, measured by large area atomic force microscopy and cathodoluminescence scans, is reduced from 3.3x10(9) to 4.0x10(7) cm(-2). This nearly two orders of magnitude reduction is attributed to dislocation blocking and bending by the unique interface between GaN and silica microspheres. C1 [Li, Qiming; Figiel, Jeffrey J.; Wang, George T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, QM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1806, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sandia.gov RI Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We acknowledge support from the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 23 AR 231105 DI 10.1063/1.3152012 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 457ZH UT WOS:000266977100005 ER PT J AU Seo, SSA Lee, HN AF Seo, Sung Seok A. Lee, Ho Nyung TI Strain-coupled ferroelectric polarization in BaTiO3-CaTiO3 superlattices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; calcium compounds; dielectric polarisation; electromechanical effects; ferroelectric materials; permittivity; superlattices ID EPITAXIAL BATIO3/SRTIO3 SUPERLATTICES; THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ENHANCEMENT; TITANATE; BATIO3 AB We report on growth and ferroelectric (FE) properties of superlattices (SLs) composed of the FE BaTiO3 and the paraelectric CaTiO3. Previous theories have predicted that the polarization in (BaTiO3)n/(CaTiO3)n SLs increases as the sublayer thickness (n) increases when the same strain state is maintained. However, our BaTiO3/CaTiO3 SLs show a varying lattice-strain state and systematic reduction in polarization with increasing n while coherently strained SLs with n=1 and 2 show a FE polarization of ca. 8.5 mu C/cm(2). We suggest that the strain coupling plays a more important role in FE properties than the electrostatic interlayer coupling based on constant dielectric permittivities. C1 [Seo, Sung Seok A.; Lee, Ho Nyung] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Seo, SSA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hnlee@ornl.gov RI Seo, Sung Seok/B-6964-2008; Lee, Ho Nyung/K-2820-2012 OI Seo, Sung Seok/0000-0002-7055-5314; Lee, Ho Nyung/0000-0002-2180-3975 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; U. S. Department of Energy FX We thank V. R. Cooper, H. M. Christen, and K. M. Rabe for useful discussions and comments. This work was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 23 AR 232904 DI 10.1063/1.3153512 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 457ZH UT WOS:000266977100060 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Yang, ZG Thevuthasan, S Liu, J Baer, DR Choi, D Wang, DH Zhang, JG Saraf, LV Nie, ZM AF Wang, C. M. Yang, Z. G. Thevuthasan, S. Liu, J. Baer, D. R. Choi, D. Wang, D. H. Zhang, J. G. Saraf, L. V. Nie, Z. M. TI Crystal and electronic structure of lithiated nanosized rutile TiO2 by electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE charge transfer states; crystal field interactions; crystal structure; electron diffraction; electron energy loss spectra; lithium; nanostructured materials; titanium compounds; transmission electron microscopy ID LOSS SPECTROMETRY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LITHIUM STORAGE; LIFEPO4; LI; GRAPHITE; LIXFEPO4; ANATASE; OXIDES AB The crystal and electronic structure of the lithiated nanosized rutile TiO2 were studied using electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscopy. EELS reveals the Li K-edge at the energy-loss position of similar to 61 eV. After lithiation, the t(2g)-e(g) crystal-field splitting on both Ti L-2,L-3-edge and O K-edge decreases, the O K-edge shifts toward a higher energy-loss position and the separation between the pre-edge peak and main peak on the O K-edge decreases, suggesting that the lithiation of rutile TiO2 was accompanied by the reduction in Ti ion, indicating a charge transfer from Li to Ti. C1 [Wang, C. M.; Thevuthasan, S.; Baer, D. R.; Saraf, L. V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yang, Z. G.; Choi, D.; Zhang, J. G.; Nie, Z. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Liu, J.; Wang, D. H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM chongmin.wang@pnl.gov RI Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510 FU US Department of Energy (DOE); Office of Science, Offices of Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research; PNNL [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Offices of Basic Energy Sciences and Biological and Environmental Research. The work was conducted in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 23 AR 233116 DI 10.1063/1.3152783 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 457ZH UT WOS:000266977100077 ER PT J AU Goonetilleke, N Liu, MKP Salazar-Gonzalez, JF Ferrari, G Giorgi, E Ganusov, VV Keele, BF Learn, GH Turnbull, EL Salazar, MG Weinhold, KJ Moore, S Letvin, N Haynes, BF Cohen, MS Hraber, P Bhattacharya, T Borrow, P Perelson, AS Hahn, BH Shaw, GM Korber, BT McMichael, AJ AF Goonetilleke, Nilu Liu, Michael K. P. Salazar-Gonzalez, Jesus F. Ferrari, Guido Giorgi, Elena Ganusov, Vitaly V. Keele, Brandon F. Learn, Gerald H. Turnbull, Emma L. Salazar, Maria G. Weinhold, Kent J. Moore, Stephen Letvin, Norman Haynes, Barton F. Cohen, Myron S. Hraber, Peter Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Borrow, Persephone Perelson, Alan S. Hahn, Beatrice H. Shaw, George M. Korber, Bette T. McMichael, Andrew J. CA CHAVI Clin Core B TI The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CTL ESCAPE MUTATION; IN-VIVO; LYMPHOCYTE ESCAPE; TYPE-1 INFECTION; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; RHESUS-MONKEYS; IMMUNE CONTROL; VIRAL ESCAPE; GAG AB Identification of the transmitted/founder virus makes possible, for the first time, a genome-wide analysis of host immune responses against the infecting HIV-1 proteome. A complete dissection was made of the primary HIV-1-specific T cell response induced in three acutely infected patients. Cellular assays, together with new algorithms which identify sites of positive selection in the virus genome, showed that primary HIV-1-specific T cells rapidly select escape mutations concurrent with falling virus load in acute infection. Kinetic analysis and mathematical modeling of virus immune escape showed that the contribution of CD8 T cell-mediated killing of productively infected cells was earlier and much greater than previously recognized and that it contributed to the initial decline of plasma virus in acute infection. After virus escape, these first T cell responses often rapidly waned, leaving or being succeeded by T cell responses to epitopes which escaped more slowly or were invariant. These latter responses are likely to be important in maintaining the already established virus set point. In addition to mutations selected by T cells, there were other selected regions that accrued mutations more gradually but were not associated with a T cell response. These included clusters of mutations in envelope that were targeted by NAbs, a few isolated sites that reverted to the consensus sequence, and bystander mutations in linkage with T cell-driven escape. C1 [Goonetilleke, Nilu; Liu, Michael K. P.; Moore, Stephen; McMichael, Andrew J.] Univ Oxford, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Med Res Council Human Immunol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England. [Salazar-Gonzalez, Jesus F.; Keele, Brandon F.; Learn, Gerald H.; Salazar, Maria G.; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Shaw, George M.] Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Ferrari, Guido; Weinhold, Kent J.; Haynes, Barton F.] Duke Univ, Duke Univ Med Res, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [Giorgi, Elena; Ganusov, Vitaly V.; Hraber, Peter; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Perelson, Alan S.; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Turnbull, Emma L.; Borrow, Persephone] Univ Oxford, Jenner Inst, Compton RG20 7NN, England. [Letvin, Norman] Harvard Univ, BIDMC, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Cohen, Myron S.] Univ N Carolina, HIV Prevent Trials Unit, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette T.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP McMichael, AJ (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, Med Res Council Human Immunol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England. EM andrew.mcmichael@imm.ox.ac.uk RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; Ferrari, Guido/A-6088-2015; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Ganusov, Vitaly/0000-0001-6572-1691; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757; Hraber, Peter/0000-0002-2920-4897 FU HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology [A1067854-03]; Medical Research Center Human Immunology Unit; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Center [37874]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; NIDDK [DK049381]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology grant A1067854-03. Additional support came from the Medical Research Center Human Immunology Unit, the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Center, and grant 37874 from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. P. Borrow is supported by a Jenner Fellowship and M. S. Cohen is supported by NIDDK Award DK049381. Portions of this work were done under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and V. V. Ganusov was supported by their Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. NR 63 TC 340 Z9 348 U1 5 U2 24 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 206 IS 6 BP 1253 EP 1272 DI 10.1084/jem.20090365 PG 20 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 459TS UT WOS:000267133700007 PM 19487423 ER PT J AU Salazar-Gonzalez, JF Salazar, MG Keele, BF Learn, GH Giorgi, EE Li, H Decker, JM Wang, SY Baalwa, J Kraus, MH Parrish, NF Shaw, KS Guffey, MB Bar, KJ Davis, KL Ochsenbauer-Jambor, C Kappes, JC Saag, MS Cohen, MS Mulenga, J Derdeyn, CA Allen, S Hunter, E Markowitz, M Hraber, P Perelson, AS Bhattacharya, T Haynes, BF Korber, BT Hahn, BH Shaw, GM AF Salazar-Gonzalez, Jesus F. Salazar, Maria G. Keele, Brandon F. Learn, Gerald H. Giorgi, Elena E. Li, Hui Decker, Julie M. Wang, Shuyi Baalwa, Joshua Kraus, Matthias H. Parrish, Nicholas F. Shaw, Katharina S. Guffey, M. Brad Bar, Katharine J. Davis, Katie L. Ochsenbauer-Jambor, Christina Kappes, John C. Saag, Michael S. Cohen, Myron S. Mulenga, Joseph Derdeyn, Cynthia A. Allen, Susan Hunter, Eric Markowitz, Martin Hraber, Peter Perelson, Alan S. Bhattacharya, Tanmoy Haynes, Barton F. Korber, Bette T. Hahn, Beatrice H. Shaw, George M. TI Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TYPE-1 R5 ENVELOPES; T-CELL DEPLETION; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; VIRAL DYNAMICS; SIV INFECTION; IN-VIVO; V3-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES; MACROPHAGE TROPISM; HIGH TITERS; ENV CLONES AB Identification of full-length transmitted HIV-1 genomes could be instrumental in HIV-1 pathogenesis, microbicide, and vaccine research by enabling the direct analysis of those viruses actually responsible for productive clinical infection. We show in 12 acutely infected subjects (9 clade B and 3 clade C) that complete HIV-1 genomes of transmitted/founder viruses can be inferred by single genome amplification and sequencing of plasma virion RNA. This allowed for the molecular cloning and biological analysis of transmitted/founder viruses and a comprehensive genome-wide assessment of the genetic imprint left on the evolving virus quasispecies by a composite of host selection pressures. Transmitted viruses encoded intact canonical genes (gag-pol-vif-vpr-tat-rev-vpu-env-nef) and replicated efficiently in primary human CD4(+) T lymphocytes but much less so in monocyte-derived macrophages. Transmitted viruses were CD4 and CCR5 tropic and demonstrated concealment of coreceptor binding surfaces of the envelope bridging sheet and variable loop 3. 2 mo after infection, transmitted/founder viruses in three subjects were nearly completely replaced by viruses differing at two to five highly selected genomic loci; by 12-20 mo, viruses exhibited concentrated mutations at 17-34 discrete locations. These findings reveal viral properties associated with mucosal HIV-1 transmission and a limited set of rapidly evolving adaptive mutations driven primarily, but not exclusively, by early cytotoxic T cell responses. C1 [Salazar-Gonzalez, Jesus F.; Salazar, Maria G.; Keele, Brandon F.; Learn, Gerald H.; Li, Hui; Decker, Julie M.; Wang, Shuyi; Baalwa, Joshua; Kraus, Matthias H.; Parrish, Nicholas F.; Shaw, Katharina S.; Guffey, M. Brad; Bar, Katharine J.; Davis, Katie L.; Ochsenbauer-Jambor, Christina; Kappes, John C.; Saag, Michael S.; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Shaw, George M.] Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Giorgi, Elena E.; Hraber, Peter; Perelson, Alan S.; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Giorgi, Elena E.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Cohen, Myron S.] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Mulenga, Joseph] Zambia Emory HIV Res Project, Lusaka, Zambia. [Derdeyn, Cynthia A.; Allen, Susan; Hunter, Eric] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Markowitz, Martin] Aaron Diamond AIDS Res Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Markowitz, Martin] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Korber, Bette T.] Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. [Haynes, Barton F.] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Shaw, GM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM gshaw@uab.edu RI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/J-8956-2013; OI Bhattacharya, Tanmoy/0000-0002-1060-652X; Parrish, Nicholas/0000-0002-6971-8016; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757; Hraber, Peter/0000-0002-2920-4897 FU Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology; National Institutes of Health [AI067854, AI061734, AI27767]; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [37874] FX This work was supported by the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI067854, AI061734, and AI27767) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (37874). NR 54 TC 403 Z9 408 U1 0 U2 37 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 206 IS 6 BP 1273 EP 1289 DI 10.1084/jem.20090378 PG 17 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 459TS UT WOS:000267133700008 PM 19487424 ER PT J AU Damski, B Zurek, WH AF Damski, Bogdan Zurek, Wojciech H. TI Quantum phase transition in space in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; STRING FORMATION; SUPERFLUID HE-3; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; UNIVERSE AB A quantum phase transition between the symmetric (polar) phase and the phase with broken symmetry can be induced in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in space (rather than in time). We consider such a phase transition and show that the transition region in the vicinity of the critical point exhibits scalings that reflect a compromise between the rate at which the transition is imposed (i.e. the gradient of the control parameter) and the scaling of the divergent healing length in the critical region. Our results suggest a method for the direct measurement of the scaling exponent nu. C1 [Damski, Bogdan; Zurek, Wojciech H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Damski, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B213, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bodzio@lanl.gov RI Damski, Bogdan/E-3027-2013 NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 11 AR 063014 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/6/063014 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 455PQ UT WOS:000266775700007 ER PT J AU Soderlund, MJ Ponsoda, JJMI Koplow, JP Honkanen, S AF Soderlund, Mikko J. Ponsoda, Joan J. Montiel I. Koplow, Jeffrey P. Honkanen, Seppo TI Heat-induced darkening and spectral broadening in photodarkened ytterbium-doped fiber under thermal cycling SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SILICA FIBERS; POWER; GLASS AB We study thermal bleaching of photodarkening-induced loss in a 20-mu m core diameter, large-mode-area ytterbium-doped silica fiber. Pristine and photodarkened samples are subjected to thermal cycling pulses. Recovery of the photodarkened fiber absorption coefficient initiates at similar to 350 degrees C and complete recovery is reached at similar to 625 degrees C. However, prior to recovery, the photodarkened fiber exhibits further heat-induced increase of absorption loss. This increase of loss is attributed to both a permanent increase of loss-inducing color centers and a temperature-dependent broadening of the absorption spectrum. Post-irradiation heat-induced formation of color centers suggests the presence of an intermediate energy state in the near-infrared photochemical mechanism for photodarkening. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Soderlund, Mikko J.; Ponsoda, Joan J. Montiel I.; Honkanen, Seppo] Helsinki Univ Technol, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. [Koplow, Jeffrey P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Soderlund, MJ (reprint author), Helsinki Univ Technol, Tietotie 3, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. EM mikko.soderlund@tkk.fi FU Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES); nLight; Beneq FX Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), nLight and Beneq are gratefully acknowledged for their financial support. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 9940 EP 9946 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 457DN UT WOS:000266906400047 PM 19506644 ER PT J AU Passmore, BS Allen, DG Vangala, SR Goodhue, WD Wasserman, D Shaner, EA AF Passmore, B. S. Allen, D. G. Vangala, S. R. Goodhue, W. D. Wasserman, D. Shaner, E. A. TI Mid-infrared doping tunable transmission through subwavelength metal hole arrays on InSb SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL-TRANSMISSION; SURFACE-PLASMONS; INFRARED TRANSMISSION; SILVER SUPERLENS; FILMS; ENHANCEMENT; DIFFRACTION; ABSORPTION; LIGHT AB Doping-tunable mid-infrared extraordinary transmission is demonstrated from a periodic metal hole array patterned on n-InSb. The polarization-dependent transmission was measured at room temperature and 77 K. In addition, the extraordinary transmission was measured for incident angles from 0 degrees to 35 degrees in 5 degrees steps. A fundamental resonance shift of similar to 123 cm(-1) (1.4 mu m) is observed by varying the doping from 1 x 10(16) to 2 x 10(18) cm(-3). The calculated transmission resonances were in good agreement with the experimental results. This suggests that InSb semiconductor-based plasmonic structures may be suitable for a variety of tunable mid-infrared device applications. (c) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Passmore, B. S.; Allen, D. G.; Shaner, E. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Vangala, S. R.; Goodhue, W. D.; Wasserman, D.] Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Passmore, BS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bspassm@sandia.gov RI Wasserman, Daniel/D-3913-2011 FU Sandia Corporation [DE-AC0494AL85000] FX This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 12 BP 10223 EP 10230 DI 10.1364/OE.17.010223 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 457DN UT WOS:000266906400077 PM 19506676 ER PT J AU Bimber, BN Chugh, P Giorgi, EE Kim, B Almudevar, AL Dewhurst, S O'Connor, DH Lee, HY AF Bimber, Benjamin N. Chugh, Pauline Giorgi, Elena E. Kim, Baek Almudevar, Anthony L. Dewhurst, Stephen O'Connor, David H. Lee, Ha Youn TI Nef gene evolution from a single transmitted strain in acute SIV infection SO RETROVIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PRIMARY HIV-1 INFECTION; IN-VIVO; PRIMARY VIREMIA; MUTATION-RATE; T-CELLS; AIDS; POPULATION; PATHOGENESIS; REPLICATION AB Background: The acute phase of immunodeficiency virus infection plays a crucial role in determining steady-state virus load and subsequent progression of disease in both humans and nonhuman primates. The acute period is also the time when vaccine-mediated effects on host immunity are likely to exert their major effects on virus infection. Recently we developed a Monte-Carlo ( MC) simulation with mathematical analysis of viral evolution during primary HIV-1 infection that enables classification of new HIV-1 infections originating from multiple versus single transmitted viral strains and the estimation of time elapsed following infection. Results: A total of 322 SIV nef SIV sequences, collected during the first 3 weeks following experimental infection of two rhesus macaques with the SIVmac239 clone, were analyzed and found to display a comparable level of genetic diversity, 0.015% to 0.052%, with that of env sequences from acute HIV-1 infection, 0.005% to 0.127%. We confirmed that the acute HIV-1 infection model correctly identified the experimental SIV infections in rhesus macaques as "homogenous" infections, initiated by a single founder strain. The consensus sequence of the sampled strains corresponded to the transmitted sequence as the model predicted. However, measured sequential decrease in diversity at day 7, 11, and 18 post infection violated the model assumption, neutral evolution without any selection. Conclusion: While nef gene evolution over the first 3 weeks of SIV infection originating from a single transmitted strain showed a comparable rate of sequence evolution to that observed during acute HIV-1 infection, a purifying selection for the founder nef gene was observed during the early phase of experimental infection of a nonhuman primate. C1 [Almudevar, Anthony L.; Lee, Ha Youn] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Bimber, Benjamin N.; O'Connor, David H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bimber, Benjamin N.; O'Connor, David H.] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Natl Primate Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chugh, Pauline; Kim, Baek; Dewhurst, Stephen] Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. [Giorgi, Elena E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Theoret Biol & Biophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Giorgi, Elena E.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Lee, HY (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Computat Biol, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. EM bimber@wisc.edu; Pauline_Chugh@urmc.rochester.edu; egiorgi@lanl.gov; baek_kim@urmc.rochester.edu; Anthony_Almudevar@urmc.rochester.edu; Stephen_Dewhurst@urmc.rochester.edu; doconnor@primate.wisc.edu; hayoun@bst.rochester.edu OI Dewhurst, Stephen/0000-0001-7729-7920; o'connor, david/0000-0003-2139-470X FU NIAID/NIH [AI083115]; NIH [AI049781]; NCRR/NIH [P51 RR000167]; Research Facilities Improvement Program [RR15459-01, RR020141-01]; University of Rochester Developmental Center for AIDS [NIH P30AI078498, NIH P01 AI056356] FX We thank B. T. Korber, B. F. Keele, T. Bhattacharya, and A. S. Perelson for critical reading and comments and M. Draheim for technical support. This publication was supported by NIAID/NIH grant AI083115, NIH grant AI049781, NCRR/NIH grant P51 RR000167, Research Facilities Improvement Program grant numbers RR15459-01 and RR020141-01, University of Rochester Developmental Center for AIDS research (NIH P30AI078498), and NIH P01 AI056356. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4690 J9 RETROVIROLOGY JI Retrovirology PD JUN 8 PY 2009 VL 6 AR 57 DI 10.1186/1742-4690-6-57 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 463KO UT WOS:000267431000001 PM 19505314 ER PT J AU Fuchslin, RM Fellermann, H Eriksson, A Ziock, HJ AF Fuchslin, Rudolf M. Fellermann, Harold Eriksson, Anders Ziock, Hans-Joachim TI Coarse graining and scaling in dissipative particle dynamics SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE mesoscopic systems; renormalisation ID MESOSCOPIC SIMULATION; SUSPENSIONS; SURFACTANTS; MODEL AB Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is now a well-established method for simulating soft matter systems. However, its applicability was recently questioned because some investigations showed an upper coarse-graining limit that would prevent the applicability of the method to the whole mesoscopic range. This article aims to re-establish DPD as a truly mesoscopic method by analyzing the problems reported by other authors and by presenting a scaling scheme that allows one to apply DPD simulations directly to any desired length scale. C1 [Fuchslin, Rudolf M.] Univ Zurich, Artificial Intelligence Lab, CH-8500 Zurich, Switzerland. [Fellermann, Harold] Univ So Denmark, Dept Chem & Phys, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Fellermann, Harold] Univ Pompeu Fabra GRIB, ICREA Complex Syst Lab, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Eriksson, Anders] Chalmers, Environm & Energy Dept, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Ziock, Hans-Joachim] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fuchslin, RM (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Artificial Intelligence Lab, Andreasstr 15, CH-8500 Zurich, Switzerland. EM rudolf.fuechslin@ifi.uzh.ch RI Eriksson, Anders/C-9767-2010 OI Eriksson, Anders/0000-0003-3436-3726 FU EU project FP6 IST-FET; Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD-DR; "Protocell Assembly" (PAs); BMBF project Systems Biology of the Liver [3P3137]; EMBIO, European Project [12835] FX This work was financially supported by the EU project FP6 IST-FET integrated project PACE and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD-DR grant on "Protocell Assembly" (PAs) and a second LDRD-ER grant. R. F. was additionally supported by the BMBF project Systems Biology of the Liver (Grant No. 3P3137). A. E. was additionally funded by EMBIO, European Project No. 12835 in the EU FP6 NEST Initiative. Most of the work was performed during a workshop at the European Center for Living Technologies (ECLT) in Venice, Italy, organized by Martin Nilsson Jacobi. The stimulating working environment provided by this institution is greatly acknowledged. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 21 AR 214102 DI 10.1063/1.3143976 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454IA UT WOS:000266674400003 PM 19508051 ER PT J AU Johnson, ME Head-Gordon, T AF Johnson, Margaret E. Head-Gordon, Teresa TI Assessing thermodynamic-dynamic relationships for waterlike liquids SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE diffusion; entropy; free energy; liquid structure; liquid theory; potential energy surfaces; viscosity; water ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; UNIVERSAL SCALING LAW; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SELF-DIFFUSION; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; RELAXATION AB Here we investigate a family of isotropic waterlike glass-forming liquids, in which each thermodynamic state point corresponds to a different potential energy surface which is prescribed to reproduce the g(OO)(r;T,rho) of the reference TIP4P-Ew water model potential. Although each isotropic potential is simulated separately, together the family of isotropic potentials displays anomalous dynamics with density and fragile diffusivity with temperature. By removing a common energy landscape, and therefore expected thermodynamic trends with temperature within a single potential, we can more rigorously evaluate whether various entropic measures used in popular phenomenological thermodynamic theories can quantitatively predict the diffusivity or viscosity. We find that the Adam-Gibbs relation between diffusion (or viscosity) and the temperature scaled configurational entropy, S(c), is a poor predictor of fragility trends and density anomalies when necessary anharmonic corrections are added. By contrast the Dzugutov scaling relationship that uses the pair correlation approximation to S(excess)similar to S(2) provides excellent agreement for diffusion anomalies and for fragile dynamics for weakly supercooled states for the family of isotropic potentials, within a single isotropic potential, and for the TIP4P-Ew model, but deviates strongly in all three cases at more deeply supercooled temperatures. By studying the microscopic dynamics at these low temperatures, we find an increased heterogeneity in the mobility of particle populations reflected in a highly non-Gaussian distribution of particle displacements, even at very long time scales. We conclude that after the onset of dynamical heterogeneity, new consideration of higher structural correlations and/or more complex connectivity paths between basins through barriers appear to be critical for the formulation of a predictive theory for dynamics. C1 [Head-Gordon, Teresa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. UCSF UCB, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tlhead-gordon@lbl.gov RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011; Johnson, Margaret/M-4708-2016 OI Johnson, Margaret/0000-0001-9881-291X NR 48 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 21 AR 214510 DI 10.1063/1.3140608 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454IA UT WOS:000266674400031 PM 19508079 ER PT J AU Niklasson, AMN Steneteg, P Odell, A Bock, N Challacombe, M Tymczak, CJ Holmstrom, E Zheng, GS Weber, V AF Niklasson, Anders M. N. Steneteg, Peter Odell, Anders Bock, Nicolas Challacombe, Matt Tymczak, C. J. Holmstroem, Erik Zheng, Guishan Weber, Valery TI Extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with dissipation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; fluctuations; molecular dynamics method ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORIES; MATRIX; FRAGMENTATION; GRADIENTS; ORBITALS; SURFACE AB Stability and dissipation in the propagation of the electronic degrees of freedom in time-reversible extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics [Niklasson , Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 123001 (2006); Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 123004 (2008)] are analyzed. Because of the time-reversible propagation the dynamics of the extended electronic degrees of freedom is lossless with no dissipation of numerical errors. For long simulation times under "noisy" conditions, numerical errors may therefore accumulate to large fluctuations. We solve this problem by including a dissipative external electronic force that removes noise while keeping the energy stable. The approach corresponds to a Langevin-like dynamics for the electronic degrees of freedom with internal numerical error fluctuations and external, approximately energy conserving, dissipative forces. By tuning the dissipation to balance the numerical fluctuations the external perturbation can be kept to a minimum. C1 [Niklasson, Anders M. N.; Steneteg, Peter; Odell, Anders; Bock, Nicolas; Challacombe, Matt; Holmstroem, Erik] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Niklasson, Anders M. N.; Odell, Anders] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Steneteg, Peter] Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, IFM, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Tymczak, C. J.] Texas So Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Holmstroem, Erik] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Fis, Valdivia, Chile. [Zheng, Guishan] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Weber, Valery] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys Chem, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Niklasson, AMN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM amn@lanl.gov RI Zheng, Guishan/B-3450-2009; Holmstrom, Erik/A-5308-2009 OI Holmstrom, Erik/0000-0002-1198-3861 FU FONDECYT [11070115]; UACH DID [SR-2008-0]; Welch foundation [J-1675] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U. S. Department of Energy through the LANL LDRD/ER program for this work. Discussions with Professor M. Karplus are gratefully acknowledged. E. H. acknowledges financial support from the FONDECYT under Project No. 11070115 and the UACH DID under Project No. SR-2008-0. C. J. T. acknowledges financial support from the Welch foundation under Grant No. J-1675. Stimulating conversations at the T-Division Ten-Bar Cafe are gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 21 AR 214109 DI 10.1063/1.3148075 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454IA UT WOS:000266674400010 PM 19508058 ER PT J AU Patnaik, AK Roy, S Gord, JR Lucht, RP Settersten, TB AF Patnaik, Anil K. Roy, Sukesh Gord, James R. Lucht, Robert P. Settersten, Thomas B. TI Effects of collisions on electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering of nitric oxide SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE coherent antiStokes Raman scattering; molecule-photon collisions; nitrogen compounds; rotational-vibrational energy transfer ID GAMMA(0,0) ABSORPTION-LINES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; PRESSURE FLAMES; RATE CONSTANTS; NO; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; SHIFT AB A six-level model is developed and used to study the effects of collisional energy transfer and dephasing on electronic-resonance-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (ERE-CARS) in nitric oxide. The model includes the three levels that are coherently coupled by the three applied lasers as well as three additional bath levels that enable inclusion of the effects of electronic quenching and rotational energy transfer. The density-matrix equations that describe the evolution of the relevant populations and coherences are presented. The parametric dependencies of the ERE-CARS signal on collisional energy transfer and dephasing processes are described in terms of both a steady-state analytical solution and the numerical solutions to the governing equations. In the weak-field limit, the ERE-CARS signal scales inversely with the square of the dephasing rates for the electronic and Raman coherences. In accord with published experimental observations [Roy , Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 104105 (2006)], the ERE-CARS signal is shown to be insensitive to the collisional quenching rate. Parametric dependencies on quenching, rotational energy transfer, and pure electronic dephasing are presented, demonstrating reduced collisional dependence for saturating laser fields. C1 [Patnaik, Anil K.; Roy, Sukesh; Gord, James R.] USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Patnaik, Anil K.] Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Lucht, Robert P.] Purdue Univ, Dept Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Settersten, Thomas B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Patnaik, AK (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Prop Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. EM anil.patnaik@wpafb.af.mil RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009 OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-07C-0036]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Funding for this research was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. FA9550-07C-0036 (Dr. Julian Tishkoff, Program Manager) and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the U. S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 21 AR 214304 DI 10.1063/1.3137106 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454IA UT WOS:000266674400018 PM 19508066 ER PT J AU Sun, XQ Dang, LX AF Sun, Xiuquan Dang, Liem X. TI Computational studies of aqueous interfaces of RbBr salt solutions (vol 130, 124709, 2009) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Correction DE interface phenomena; rubidium compounds C1 [Sun, Xiuquan; Dang, Liem X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, XQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM liem.dang@pnl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 130 IS 21 AR 219903 DI 10.1063/1.3152330 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 454IA UT WOS:000266674400061 ER PT J AU Aravamudhan, S Singleton, J Goddard, PA Bhansali, S AF Aravamudhan, S. Singleton, J. Goddard, P. A. Bhansali, S. TI Magnetic properties of Ni-Fe nanowire arrays: effect of template material and deposition conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL NANOWIRES; ANODIC ALUMINA; CO NANOWIRES; SILICON; FIELD; MAGNETORESISTANCE; ELECTRODEPOSITION; SEPARATIONS; DEPENDENCE; ANISOTROPY AB The objective of this work is to study the magnetic properties of arrays of Ni-Fe nanowires electrodeposited in different template materials such as porous silicon, polycarbonate and alumina. Magnetic properties were studied as a function of template material, applied magnetic field (parallel and perpendicular) during deposition, wire length, as well as magnetic field orientation during measurement. The results show that the application of magnetic field during deposition strongly influences the c-axis preferred orientation growth of the Ni-Fe nanowires. The samples with magnetic field perpendicular to the template plane during deposition exhibit strong perpendicular anisotropy with greatly enhanced coercivity and squareness ratio, particularly in the Ni-Fe nanowires deposited in polycarbonate templates. In the case of polycarbonate template, as magnetic field during deposition increases, both coercivity and squareness ratio also increase. The wire length dependence was also measured for polycarbonate templates. As wire length increases, coercivity and squareness ratio decrease, saturation field increases. Such magnetic behaviour (dependence on template material, magnetic field, wire length) can be qualitatively explained by preferential growth phenomena, dipolar interactions among nanowires and perpendicular shape anisotropy in individual nanowires. C1 [Aravamudhan, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Microelect Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Aravamudhan, S.; Bhansali, S.] Univ S Florida, NNRC, Dept Elect Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Singleton, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Goddard, P. A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Aravamudhan, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM saravamu@gatech.edu; bhansali@eng.usf.edu RI Bhansali, Shekhar/E-4705-2010; Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015 OI Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECS-0403800]; Glasstone Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) NER award no ECS-0403800. PAG thanks the Glasstone Foundation for financial support. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 11 AR 115008 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/42/11/115008 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 448GE UT WOS:000266250300012 ER PT J AU Zeng, GSL Gullberg, GT AF Zeng, Gengsheng L. Gullberg, Grant T. TI Exact emission SPECT reconstruction with truncated transmission data SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLIMATED LINE SOURCE; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ATTENUATION CORRECTION; CARDIAC SPECT; SYSTEM; MAPS; CT AB It is common, even with new SPECT/CT systems, that the transmission data are truncated. This paper develops a method that obtains exact attenuation correction with truncated transmission data. The emission object (e. g., the heart) is assumed to have a finite, convex support, whose emission projections are not truncated. The transmission measurements over the support are available, but may be truncated outside the support (within the torso). A novel emission data reconstruction technique combines emission projections from conjugate views; a modified version of the ML-EM algorithm is used to reconstruct emission data. The attenuation map outside the support is not needed during reconstruction. The transmission measurements through the support are used to pre-scale the emission data and to reconstruct the attenuation map within the support. The attenuation map reconstruction within the support is an interior problem in which only a biased solution can be obtained using an iterative algorithm. The bias is then corrected by identifying a soft tissue region within the support and the known attenuation coefficient values of these pixels for the soft tissue. Proof of convergence of the new algorithm is provided. Computer simulations verify the accuracy of the new method. Conclusions: an exact attenuation map within the support can be obtained provided the attenuation coefficient is known at 1 pixel within the support. The method, which requires emission data over 360 degrees, provides a means to perform attenuation correction in SPECT with truncated transmission data. C1 [Zeng, Gengsheng L.] Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Utah Ctr Adv Imaging, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Radiotracer Dev & Imaging Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeng, GSL (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Radiol, Utah Ctr Adv Imaging, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM larry@ucair.med.utah.edu; gtgullberg@lbl.gov FU Margolis Foundation; NIH [R01EB00121]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Margolis Foundation, NIH grant R01EB00121, and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Medical Science Division of the US Department of Energy under contract no DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD JUN 7 PY 2009 VL 54 IS 11 BP 3329 EP 3340 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/54/11/004 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 447QZ UT WOS:000266208200004 PM 19430109 ER PT J AU Keika, K Nakamura, R Baumjohann, W Angelopoulos, V Chi, PJ Glassmeier, KH Fillingim, M Magnes, W Auster, HU Fornacon, KH Reeves, GD Yumoto, K Lucek, EA Carr, CM Dandouras, I AF Keika, K. Nakamura, R. Baumjohann, W. Angelopoulos, V. Chi, P. J. Glassmeier, K. H. Fillingim, M. Magnes, W. Auster, H. U. Fornacon, K. H. Reeves, G. D. Yumoto, K. Lucek, E. A. Carr, C. M. Dandouras, I. TI Substorm expansion triggered by a sudden impulse front propagating from the dayside magnetopause SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER; MAGNETOTAIL; MODEL; DISCONTINUITIES; COMMENCEMENT; PERFORMANCE; EVENT AB We examine a substorm expansion on 21 June 2007, which occurred <2 min after a solar wind discontinuity accompanied by a dynamic pressure (P-d) increase impinged on the magnetopause. To investigate how the perturbation due to such P-d increase propagates in the magnetosphere and what the timing analysis may imply about how this type of substorms is triggered, we utilize a large number of in situ magnetic field and plasma observations, a remote sensing of auroral brightening, and ground-based magnetic field observations. The timing analysis shows that the front of a compression-associated sudden impulse can reach the substorm expansion onset site (dawnside near-Earth plasma sheet) at the substorm onset time. The onset site and time are determined from aurora images displaying aurora expansion, energetic electron data at geosynchronous orbit showing dispersed injection, and geomagnetic field data at high latitudes showing negative bays in the H component. Our 2-D calculations of the fast-mode propagation also demonstrate the arrival of the wavefront at the onset site and time. We suggest that for the class of substorms triggered by solar wind P-d increases, the triggering could occur within as short as 2 min after a P-d increase impinges on the magnetopause, consistent with the time needed for the sudden impulse wavefront to propagate inside the magnetosphere from the dayside magnetopause to the magnetotail. C1 [Keika, K.; Nakamura, R.; Baumjohann, W.; Magnes, W.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Angelopoulos, V.; Chi, P. J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Glassmeier, K. H.; Auster, H. U.; Fornacon, K. H.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Glassmeier, K. H.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Fillingim, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Yumoto, K.] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Lucek, E. A.; Carr, C. M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Space & Atmospher Phys Grp, London, England. [Dandouras, I.] Univ Toulouse 3, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, CNRS, UMR 5187, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France. RP Keika, K (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. EM kunihiro.keika@oeaw.ac.at RI Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 FU Canadian Space Agency; NASA [NAS5-02099]; German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie; German Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt [50QP0402] FX We thank I. R. Mann and the CARISMA team for geomagnetic field data. CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta, funded by the Canadian Space Agency. We thank GIMA operated by the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska. We acknowledge S. Mende and C. T. Russell for use of the THEMIS ground-based magnetometer data. We are grateful for the cooperation that we have received from Joachim Raeder, Edisher Kaghashvili, and the other members of the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. Wind data are provided by Coordinated Data Analysis Web (CDAWeb), NASA. The SYM-H index is provided by WDC for Geomagnetism, Kyoto. We are grateful to H. Eichelberger and G. Laky for helping Cluster and Double Star data analysis. We thank H. Singer and R. Viereck for providing high-resolution GOES magnetic field data. We are greatly indebted to D. G. Sibeck, G. Parks, and C. M. Cully for their valuable comments and suggestions. We are grateful to K. Shiokawa and T. Uozumi for providing MAGDAS data and helping data analysis. THEMIS was made possible and is supported in the United States by NASA NAS5-02099. The work of the IGEP team at the Technical University of Braunschweig was financially supported by the German Ministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie and the German Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt under grant 50QP0402. An illustration of Figure 9a is drawn by Mayuko Keika. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 6 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A00C24 DI 10.1029/2008JA013445 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 455GU UT WOS:000266747300001 ER PT J AU Shi, DL Cho, HS Chen, Y Xu, H Gu, HC Lian, J Wang, W Liu, GK Huth, C Wang, LM Ewing, RC Budko, S Pauletti, GM Dong, ZY AF Shi, Donglu Cho, Hoon Sung Chen, Yan Xu, Hong Gu, Hongchen Lian, Jie Wang, Wei Liu, Guokui Huth, Christopher Wang, Lumin Ewing, Rodney C. Budko, Sergei Pauletti, Giovanni M. Dong, Zhongyun TI Fluorescent Polystyrene-Fe3O4 Composite Nanospheres for In Vivo Imaging and Hyperthermia SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; ALTERNATING MAGNETIC-FIELD; LIVE CELLS; NANOPARTICLES; DIAGNOSTICS; TIME AB Quantum dots (QDs) are immobilized on the surfaces of magnetic Fe3O4-composite nanospheres (MNSs, see figure). The QDs exhibit intense visible-light emission in fluorescence spectroscopy and successfully facilitate, for the first time, in vivo soft-tissue imaging in live mice. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles respond to an external magnetic field by increasing the temperature of the surrounding environment (i.e., hyperthermia), which can be used therapeutically. C1 [Shi, Donglu] Tongji Univ, Inst Adv Mat & NanoBiomed, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Shi, Donglu; Cho, Hoon Sung; Wang, Wei; Huth, Christopher] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Shi, Donglu] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Inst Micronanosci & Technol, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Chen, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Key Lab Nutr & Metab, Inst Nutr Sci, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. [Xu, Hong; Gu, Hongchen] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Med X Inst, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. [Lian, Jie] Jonsson Engn Ctr, Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Wang, Lumin; Ewing, Rodney C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Wang, Lumin; Ewing, Rodney C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Liu, Guokui] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Budko, Sergei] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Budko, Sergei] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Pauletti, Giovanni M.] Univ Cincinnati, James L Winkle Coll Pharm, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. [Dong, Zhongyun] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Shi, DL (reprint author), Tongji Univ, Inst Adv Mat & NanoBiomed, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. EM shid@email.uc.edu RI Lian, Jie/A-7839-2010; Pauletti, Giovanni M./I-5468-2015 OI Pauletti, Giovanni M./0000-0002-0053-4964 FU NSF NIRT [EAR-0403732] FX The work performed at University of Cincinnati (UC) was supported by a grant from the UC Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The TEM analyses were conducted at the Electron Microbeam Analysis Laboratory at the University of Michigan and supported by an NSF NIRT grant (EAR-0403732). Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author. NR 23 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 109 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 21 BP 2170 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200803159 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 461XY UT WOS:000267308800006 ER PT J AU Edwards, TS AF Edwards, Timothy S. TI Using passively shunted electromechanical transducers to control the boundary impedance of dynamic test fixtures SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID SOFT; PZT; BEHAVIOR; IMPLEMENTATION; CERAMICS AB One of the most basic problems with testing components in the vibration laboratory involves the discrepancy in boundary conditions between the laboratory and field environments. Boundary impedances that a component experiences when mounted in the field are usually quite different from those of traditional vibration test fixtures. These discrepancies can have dramatic effects on component response and therefore, the outcome of the vibration test. Simulation of field boundary conditions can be difficult because of the stochastic and time varying nature of some boundary impedances. A test fixture whose impedance can be continuously varied would be valuable in both qualification and modal-type testing. similarly, a device that could mimic component impedance for purposes of test machine calibration would be of significant value. This paper develops the concepts necessary to implement variable impedance devices using electrically shunted piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers. Linear transducer models are developed and validated through experimentation. Practical considerations such its nonlinear transducer behavior are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Edwards, TS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0346,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tsedwar@sandia.gov NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X EI 1095-8568 J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 323 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.12.011 PG 18 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 448IC UT WOS:000266255300003 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Akimoto, T Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzurri, P Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Beecher, D Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burke, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calancha, C Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carls, B Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavaliere, V Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Chwalek, T Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cox, CA Cox, DJ Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Deluca, C Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Derwent, PF di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Elagin, A Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Frank, MJ Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Genser, K Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Gessler, A Giagu, S Giakoumopoulou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Han, BY Han, JY Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Hussein, M Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A James, E Jang, D Jayatilaka, B Jeon, EJ Jha, MK Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Keung, J Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, HW Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kreps, M Kroll, J Krop, D Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kurata, M Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, E Lee, HS Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lin, CS Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Liss, TM Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, C Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lovas, L Lucchesi, D Luci, C Lueck, J Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis-Katsikakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Mathis, M Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moggi, N Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, MJ Morlock, J Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Nett, J Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neubauer, S Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oakes, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Peiffer, T Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pianori, E Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pueschel, E Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Redondo, I Renton, P Renz, M Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rodriguez, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Rutherford, B Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, A Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MA Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sforza, F Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shiraishi, S Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Strycker, GL Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thompson, GA Thomson, E Tipton, P Ttito-Guzman, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Totaro, P Tourneur, S Trovato, M Tsai, SY Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wagner-Kuhr, J Wakisaka, T Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Weinelt, J Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilbur, S Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Xie, S Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zhang, X Zheng, Y Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. 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Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. St Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Strycker, G. L. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thompson, G. A. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Ttito-Guzman, P. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Tourneur, S. Trovato, M. Tsai, S. -Y. Tu, Y. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Vallecorsa, S. van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Vidal, M. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vogel, M. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wakisaka, T. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Weinelt, J. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wilbur, S. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wuerthwein, F. Xie, S. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zhang, X. Zheng, Y. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI First Measurement of the t(t) over bar Differential Cross Section d sigma/dM(t(t) over bar) in p(p) over bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON VERTEX DETECTOR; HIERARCHY; JETS; MASS AB We present a measurement of the t(t) over bar differential cross section with respect to the t(t) over bar invariant mass, d sigma/dM(t(t) over bar), in p(p) over bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV using an integrated luminosity of 2.7 fb(-1) collected by the CDF II experiment. 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A.; Ferrazza, C.; Latino, G.; Scribano, A.; Squillacioti, P.; Turini, N.; Vataga, E.] Univ Siena, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Dionisi, C.; Giagu, S.; Iori, M.; Luci, C.; Sarkar, S.; Zanello, L.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cauz, D.; Di Ruzza, B.; Giordani, M.; Pauletta, G.; Santi, L.; Totaro, P.] Univ Trieste Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; Martin, V.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Tsai, S. -Y.; Wang, S. M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Xie, Si/O-6830-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 FU U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan;; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Korean Research Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Royal Society, U.K.; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Programa Consolider-Ingenio, Spain; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX We thank Rikkert Frederix, Fabio Maltoni, and Tim Stelzer for stimulating discussions, advice, and help with MADEVENT generation. We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, U.K.; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Programa Consolider-Ingenio, Spain; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 29 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 22 AR 222003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.222003 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454MF UT WOS:000266685400013 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Akimoto, T Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barria, P Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Beecher, D Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burke, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calancha, C Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carls, B Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavaliere, V Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Chwalek, T Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cox, CA Cox, DJ Crescioli, F Cuenca Almenar, C Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Deluca, C Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Derwent, PF Di Canto, A di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Elagin, A Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Frank, MJ Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Garosi, P Genser, K 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Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, HW Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kreps, M Kroll, J Krop, D Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kurata, M Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, E Lee, HS Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lin, CS Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, C Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lovas, L Lucchesi, D Luci, C Lueck, J Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis-Katsikakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Mathis, M Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P 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Shreyber, I. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. St Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Strycker, G. L. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thompson, G. A. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Ttito-Guzman, P. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Tourneur, S. Trovato, M. Tsai, S.-Y. Tu, Y. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Vallecorsa, S. van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Vidal, M. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vogel, M. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wakisaka, T. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Weinelt, J. Wenzel, H. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wilbur, S. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wuerthwein, F. Xie, S. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yi, K. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zhang, X. Zheng, Y. Zucchelli, S. TI Search for Gluino-Mediated Bottom Squark Production in p(p) over bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article DE elementary particle jets; high-energy elementary particle interactions; proton-proton inclusive interactions; sparticle production ID HADRON COLLIDERS; JETS; TOP AB We report on a search for the supersymmetric partner of the bottom quark produced from gluino decays in data from 2.5 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab at root s=1.96 TeV. Candidate events are selected requiring two or more jets and large missing transverse energy. At least two of the jets are required to be tagged as originating from a b quark to enhance the sensitivity. The results are in good agreement with the prediction of the standard model processes, giving no evidence for gluino decay to bottom squarks. This result constrains the gluino-pair-production cross section to be less than 40 fb at 95% credibility level for a gluino mass of 350 GeV/c(2). C1 [Chen, Y. C.; Hou, S.; Mitra, A.; Teng, P. K.; Tsai, S.-Y.; Wang, S. M.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Blair, R. E.; Byrum, K. L.; LeCompte, T.; Nodulman, L.; Proudfoot, J.; Wagner, R. G.; Wicklund, A. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bartsch, V.; Beecher, D.; Cerrito, L.; Giakoumopoulou, V.; Giokaris, N.; Lancaster, M.; Malik, S.; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A.; Nurse, E.; Vellidis, C.; Vine, T.; Waters, D.] Univ Athens, Athens 15771, Greece. 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S.; Chung, Y. S.; de Barbaro, P.; Gimmell, J. L.; Han, B. -Y.; Han, J. Y.; McFarland, K. S.; Sakumoto, W. K.; Yu, G. B.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bhatti, A.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Hatakeyama, K.; Lungu, G.; Mesropian, C.; Terashi, K.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. [De Cecco, S.; Gallinaro, M.; Mastrandrea, P.; Rescigno, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Dionisi, C.; Giagu, S.; Iori, M.; Luci, C.; Sarkar, S.; Zanello, L.] Sapienza Univ Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Chuang, S. H.; Dube, S.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hare, D.; Lath, A.; Somalwar, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Aurisano, A.; Elagin, A.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Lee, E.; Lee, S. W.; McIntyre, P.; Safonov, A.; Toback, D.; Weinberger, M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Penzo, A.; Rossi, M.; Zanetti, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl Trieste Udine, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. [Cauz, D.; Di Ruzza, B.; Giordani, M.; Pauletta, G.; Santi, L.; Totaro, P.] Univ Trieste Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [Akimoto, T.; Hara, K.; Kim, S. H.; Kimura, N.; Kubo, T.; Kurata, M.; Maruyama, T.; Masubuchi, T.; Miyake, H.; Nagai, Y.; Nagano, A.; Naganoma, J.; Nakamura, K.; Shimojima, M.; Suzuki, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tomura, T.; Ukegawa, F.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Hare, M.; Napier, A.; Rolli, S.; Sliwa, K.; Whitehouse, B.] Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Arisawa, T.; Kondo, K.; Yorita, K.] Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. [Harr, R. F.; Karchin, P. E.; Kulkarni, N. P.; Mattson, M. E.; Shalhout, S. Z.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Bellinger, J.; Carlsmith, D.; Chung, W. H.; Herndon, M.; Nett, J.; Pondrom, L.; Pursley, J.; Ramakrishnan, V.; Shon, Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Feild, R. G.; Husemann, U.; Loginov, A.; Martin, A.; Schmidt, M. P.; Stanitzki, M.; Tipton, P.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Beauchemin, P.-H.; Pashapour, S.] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [Beauchemin, P.-H.; Pashapour, S.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Chang, S. H.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. W.; Kim, J. E.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Jung, J. E.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. W.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. [Chang, S. H.; Cho, K.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Jung, J. E.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. W.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Taejon, South Korea. [Antos, J.] Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04001, Slovakia. [Harper, S.; Lyons, L.; Malde, S.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Bizjak, I.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Aaltonen, T (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. RI Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016 OI Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117 FU U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Korean Research Foundation; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Royal Society, UK; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Programa ConsoliderIngenio 2010, Spain; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX We thank the Fermilab staff and the technical staffs of the participating institutions for their vital contributions. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Science and Technology Facilities Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Programa ConsoliderIngenio 2010, Spain; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 22 AR 221801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.221801 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454MF UT WOS:000266685400009 ER PT J AU Baek, SH Lee, H Brown, SE Curro, NJ Bauer, ED Ronning, F Park, T Thompson, JD AF Baek, S. -H. Lee, H. Brown, S. E. Curro, N. J. Bauer, E. D. Ronning, F. Park, T. Thompson, J. D. TI NMR Investigation of Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism in CaFe2As2 under Pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report As-75 NMR measurements in CaFe2As2, made under applied pressures up to 0.83 GPa produced by a standard clamp pressure cell. Our data reveal phase segregation of paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases over a range of pressures, with the AFM phase more than 90% dominant at low temperatures. In situ rf susceptibility measurements indicate the presence of superconductivity. As-75 spin-lattice relaxation experiments indicate that the As-75 nuclei sample the superconductivity while in the magnetically ordered environment. C1 [Baek, S. -H.; Lee, H.; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.; Park, T.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brown, S. E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Curro, N. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Park, T.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Suwon 440746, South Korea. RP Baek, SH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Park, Tuson/A-1520-2012; Baek, Seung-Ho/F-4733-2011; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009; OI Baek, Seung-Ho/0000-0002-0059-8255; Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; National Science Foundation [DMR-0804625] FX We thank Hironori Sakai for useful discussions. S. E. B. is grateful for the hospitality and support of the Condensed Matter and Thermal Physics group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Work at Los Alamos National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science. Work at UCLA was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0804625. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 22 AR 227601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.227601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454MF UT WOS:000266685400058 PM 19658902 ER PT J AU Landers, AL Robicheaux, F Jahnke, T Schoffler, M Osipov, T Titze, J Lee, SY Adaniya, H Hertlein, M Ranitovic, P Bocharova, I Akoury, D Bhandary, A Weber, T Prior, MH Cocke, CL Dorner, R Belkacem, A AF Landers, A. L. Robicheaux, F. Jahnke, T. Schoeffler, M. Osipov, T. Titze, J. Lee, S. Y. Adaniya, H. Hertlein, M. Ranitovic, P. Bocharova, I. Akoury, D. Bhandary, A. Weber, Th. Prior, M. H. Cocke, C. L. Doerner, R. Belkacem, A. TI Angular Correlation between Photoelectrons and Auger Electrons from K-Shell Ionization of Neon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POSTCOLLISION INTERACTION; RECAPTURE; PHOTOIONIZATION; THRESHOLD; PHOTO; PCI AB We have used cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy to study the continuum correlation between the photoelectron of core-photoionized neon and the subsequent Auger electron. We observe a strong angular correlation between the two electrons. Classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations agree quite well with the photoelectron energy distribution that is shifted due to the potential change associated with Auger decay. However, a striking discrepancy results in the distribution of the relative angle between Auger and photoelectron. The classical model predicts a shift in photoelectron flux away from the Auger emission direction, and the data strikingly reveal that the flux is lost rather than diverted, indicating that the two-step interpretation of photoionization followed by Auger emission is insufficient to fully describe the core-photoionization process. C1 [Landers, A. L.; Robicheaux, F.; Bhandary, A.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Jahnke, T.; Schoeffler, M.; Titze, J.; Akoury, D.; Doerner, R.] Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Osipov, T.; Lee, S. Y.; Adaniya, H.; Hertlein, M.; Weber, Th.; Prior, M. H.; Belkacem, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ranitovic, P.; Bocharova, I.; Cocke, C. L.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Landers, AL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM landers@physics.auburn.edu RI Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Landers, Allen/C-1213-2013; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014; Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014 OI Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; DAAD; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; DOE-EPSCoR [DE-AC0205CH11231, DE-FG02-07ER46357] FX We thank the staff of the Advanced Light Source for outstanding support, in particular, by H. Bluhm and T. Tyliszczak. We would like to thank S. Loch for support during the early stages of this project. This work is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DAAD, and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, and DOE-EPSCoR under Contracts No. DE-AC0205CH11231 and No. DE-FG02-07ER46357. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 22 AR 223001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.223001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454MF UT WOS:000266685400016 PM 19658860 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Kaye, SM Lee, W Mazzucato, E Park, HK Bell, RE Domier, CW LeBlanc, BP Levinton, FM Luhmann, NC Menard, JE Yuh, H AF Smith, D. R. Kaye, S. M. Lee, W. Mazzucato, E. Park, H. K. Bell, R. E. Domier, C. W. LeBlanc, B. P. Levinton, F. M. Luhmann, N. C., Jr. Menard, J. E. Yuh, H. TI Observations of Reduced Electron Gyroscale Fluctuations in National Spherical Torus Experiment H-Mode Plasmas with Large ExB Flow Shear SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; DIII-D DISCHARGES; TURBULENT FLUCTUATIONS; IMPROVED CONFINEMENT; SCATTERING SYSTEM; LOCAL TRANSPORT; TOKAMAK; NSTX; TFTR; HEAT AB Electron gyroscale fluctuation measurements in National Spherical Torus Experiment H-mode plasmas with large toroidal rotation reveal fluctuations consistent with electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence. Large toroidal rotation in National Spherical Torus Experiment plasmas with neutral beam injection generates ExB flow shear rates comparable to ETG linear growth rates. Enhanced fluctuations occur when the electron temperature gradient is marginally stable with respect to the ETG linear critical gradient. Fluctuation amplitudes decrease when the ExB flow shear rate exceeds ETG linear growth rates. The observations indicate that ExB flow shear can be an effective suppression mechanism for ETG turbulence. C1 [Smith, D. R.; Kaye, S. M.; Mazzucato, E.; Bell, R. E.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Menard, J. E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Lee, W.; Park, H. K.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Domier, C. W.; Luhmann, N. C., Jr.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Levinton, F. M.; Yuh, H.] Nova Photon Inc, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM drsmith@pppl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03073, DE-FG03-95ER54295, DE-FG03-99ER54518] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-AC02-76CH03073, No. DE-FG03-95ER54295, and No. DE-FG03-99ER54518. NR 32 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 22 AR 225005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.225005 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454MF UT WOS:000266685400029 PM 19658873 ER PT J AU Smith, HL Jablin, MS Vidyasagar, A Saiz, J Watkins, E Toomey, R Hurd, AJ Majewski, J AF Smith, Hillary L. Jablin, Michael S. Vidyasagar, Ajay Saiz, Jessica Watkins, Erik Toomey, Ryan Hurd, Alan J. Majewski, Jaroslaw TI Model Lipid Membranes on a Tunable Polymer Cushion SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; SURFACES; GEL AB A hydrated, surface-tethered polymer network capable of fivefold change in thickness over a 25-37 degrees C temperature range has been demonstrated via neutron reflectivity and fluorescence microscopy to be a novel support for single lipid bilayers in a liquid environment. As the polymer swells from 170 to 900 A, it promotes both in- and out-of-plane fluctuations of the supported membrane. The cushioned bilayer proved to be very robust, remaining structurally intact for 16 days and many temperature cycles. The promotion of membrane fluctuations offers far-reaching applications for this system as a surrogate biomembrane. C1 [Smith, Hillary L.; Jablin, Michael S.; Saiz, Jessica; Watkins, Erik; Hurd, Alan J.; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Vidyasagar, Ajay; Toomey, Ryan] Univ S Florida, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Watkins, Erik] Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Smith, HL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vidyasagar, Ajay/A-5412-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; National Science Foundation [DMR-0645574] FX We thank B. P. Toperverg for access to his off-specular analysis software, M. Zhernenkov for facilitating the off-specular analysis, and T. Kuhl for useful discussions. This work benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work was partially supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation and a National Science Foundation CAREER Grant No. DMR-0645574. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 102 IS 22 AR 228102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.228102 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 454MF UT WOS:000266685400060 PM 19658904 ER PT J AU Xu, P Han, XJ Zhang, B Mack, NH Jeon, SH Wang, HL AF Xu, Ping Han, Xijiang Zhang, Bin Mack, Nathan H. Jeon, Sea-Ho Wang, Hsing-Lin TI Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured polypyrroles: Morphology-dependent electrochemical responses and chemical deposition of Au nanoparticles SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Polypyrrole; Nanoparticles; Shape ID POLYANILINE NANOFIBERS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; FACILE SYNTHESIS; COMPOSITES; GOLD; PARTICLES; CHEMISTRY AB We report here the preparation of nanostructured polypyrroles (PPys) with different morphologies (nanospherical or nanofibrillar) through a surfactant-assisted oxidative polymerization route. Nano-fibrillar PPy has a higher redox current, presumably due to a higher surface area accessible to the electrolytes and a lower charge transfer resistance compared to that of the spherical PPy. The impedance spectrum of spherical PPy at lower frequencies suggests a semi-infinite diffusion process, while nanofibrillar PPy displays barrier diffusion and capacitor characteristics. Electrodeless (chemical) deposition of Au particles from AuCl aqueous solution using namostructured PPy also shows different morphologies, presumably due to a difference in growth kinetics dominated by the differences in surface area and surface chemistry. Our work demonstrates control over the electrochemical responses and charge transfer mechanisms of these conducting polymers. This control arises from their unique length scale geometries and surface areas that allows for the fabrication of Au nanoparticles with tunable morphologies. Our work in the controlled synthesis of nanostructured conducting polymers and metal nanoparticles opens up new opportunities for nanofiber-based electronic and sensory devices. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Ping; Mack, Nathan H.; Jeon, Sea-Ho; Wang, Hsing-Lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Xu, Ping; Han, Xijiang; Zhang, Bin] Harbin Inst Technol, Chem Lab Ctr, Dept Chem, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. RP Han, XJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hanxj63@yahoo.com.cn; hwang@lanl.gov RI Xu, Ping/I-1910-2013 OI Xu, Ping/0000-0002-1516-4986 FU NSF of China [20776032]; Program of Chinese Scholarship Council; National Nanotechnology Enterprise Development Center FX X. Han acknowledges financial support from the NSF of China (No. 20776032). P. Xu thanks the support from the joint-educational Program of Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). HLW acknowledges financial support from the National Nanotechnology Enterprise Development Center (NNEDC). NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 12 BP 2624 EP 2629 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.005 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 454TY UT WOS:000266706800014 ER PT J AU Lim, B Jiang, MJ Camargo, PHC Cho, EC Tao, J Lu, XM Zhu, YM Xia, YN AF Lim, Byungkwon Jiang, Majiong Camargo, Pedro H. C. Cho, Eun Chul Tao, Jing Lu, Xianmao Zhu, Yimei Xia, Younan TI Pd-Pt Bimetallic Nanodendrites with High Activity for Oxygen Reduction SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; FACILE SYNTHESIS; FUEL-CELLS; ELECTROCATALYSTS; NANOCRYSTALS; GROWTH; NANOSTRUCTURES; OVERGROWTH; CATALYSTS AB Controlling the morphology of Pt nanostructures can provide a great opportunity to improve their catalytic properties and increase their activity on a mass basis. We synthesized Pd-Pt bimetallic nanodendrites consisting of a dense array of Pt branches on a Pd core by reducing K(2)PtCl(4) with L-ascorbic acid in the presence of uniform Pd nanocrystal seeds in an aqueous solution. The Pt branches supported on faceted Pd nanocrystals exhibited relatively large surface areas and particularly active facets toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the rate-determining step in a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. The Pd-Pt nanodendrites were two and a half times more active on the basis of equivalent Pt mass for the ORR than the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst and five times more active than the first-generation supportless Pt-black catalyst. C1 [Lim, Byungkwon; Camargo, Pedro H. C.; Cho, Eun Chul; Lu, Xianmao; Xia, Younan] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Jiang, Majiong] Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Tao, Jing; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM xia@biomed.wustl.edu RI Camargo, Pedro/D-9547-2011; Jiang, Maijong/E-3794-2012; Jiang, Majiong/I-3630-2013; Lu, Xianmao/E-4622-2010; Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011; Institute of Chemistry - USP, Dept. of Chemistry/B-8988-2012 OI Camargo, Pedro/0000-0002-7815-7919; Lu, Xianmao/0000-0002-7422-2867; FU Washington University in St. Louis; Korea Government [KRF-2006-352-D00067, KRF-2007-357-D00070]; Fulbright Program; Brazilian Ministry of Education; U.S. DOE Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by startup funds from Washington University in St. Louis. B.L. was also partially supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Korea Research Foundation funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2006-352-D00067). P.H.C.C. was also supported in part by the Fulbright Program and the Brazilian Ministry of Education (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior). E.C.C. was also partially supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the Korea Research Foundation funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2007-357-D00070). J.T. and Y.Z. were supported by the U.S. DOE/Basic Energy Sciences (DEAC02-98CH10886). We thank H. Yang for technical assistance with the electrochemical measurements. NR 33 TC 1645 Z9 1657 U1 233 U2 1519 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 324 IS 5932 BP 1302 EP 1305 DI 10.1126/science.1170377 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 453TF UT WOS:000266635100038 PM 19443738 ER PT J AU Zheng, HM Smith, RK Jun, YW Kisielowski, C Dahmen, U Alivisatos, AP AF Zheng, Haimei Smith, Rachel K. Jun, Young-wook Kisielowski, Christian Dahmen, Ulrich Alivisatos, A. Paul TI Observation of Single Colloidal Platinum Nanocrystal Growth Trajectories SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORIENTED ATTACHMENT; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; IN-SITU; SIZE; NANOSCALE; SHAPE; MONODISPERSE; INTERFACE; INJECTION; MECHANISM AB Understanding of colloidal nanocrystal growth mechanisms is essential for the syntheses of nanocrystals with desired physical properties. The classical model for the growth of monodisperse nanocrystals assumes a discrete nucleation stage followed by growth via monomer attachment, but has overlooked particle-particle interactions. Recent studies have suggested that interactions between particles play an important role. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we show that platinum nanocrystals can grow either by monomer attachment from solution or by particle coalescence. Through the combination of these two processes, an initially broad size distribution can spontaneously narrow into a nearly monodisperse distribution. We suggest that colloidal nanocrystals take different pathways of growth based on their size- and morphology-dependent internal energies. C1 [Zheng, Haimei; Kisielowski, Christian; Dahmen, Ulrich] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zheng, Haimei; Jun, Young-wook; Kisielowski, Christian; Dahmen, Ulrich; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zheng, Haimei; Smith, Rachel K.; Jun, Young-wook; Alivisatos, A. Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dahmen, U (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM udahmen@lbl.gov; alivis@berkeley.edu RI Jun, Young-wook/A-4141-2008; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank A. Minor and J. Turner for their help with the initial tests on the liquid cells. This project is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 29 TC 535 Z9 536 U1 41 U2 391 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 324 IS 5932 BP 1309 EP 1312 DI 10.1126/science.1172104 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 453TF UT WOS:000266635100040 PM 19498166 ER PT J AU Tucker, R Saha, AK Katira, P Bachand, M Bachand, GD Hess, H AF Tucker, Robert Saha, Ajoy K. Katira, Parag Bachand, Marlene Bachand, George D. Hess, Henry TI Temperature Compensation for Hybrid Devices: Kinesin's K-m is Temperature Independent SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE drosophila; hybrid materials; Michaelis-Menten kinetics; molecular motors; smart dust ID POWERED MOLECULAR SHUTTLES; BIOMOLECULAR MOTOR-DRIVEN; MICROTUBULE MOVEMENTS; PROTEIN; TRANSPORT; SURFACES; TRACKS; CARGO; CHANNELS; ENZYMES C1 [Tucker, Robert; Saha, Ajoy K.; Katira, Parag; Hess, Henry] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Bachand, Marlene; Bachand, George D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomol Interfaces & Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hess, H (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 160 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM hhess@mse.ufl.edu RI Hess, Henry/A-5224-2008; Katira, Parag/L-2093-2013; OI Hess, Henry/0000-0002-5617-606X; Katira, Parag/0000-0001-9873-5117; Bachand, George/0000-0002-3169-9980 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1282 DI 10.1002/smll.200801510 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 462AM UT WOS:000267317300007 PM 19296568 ER PT J AU Thurn, KT Paunesku, T Wu, AG Brown, EMB Lai, B Vogt, S Maser, J Aslam, M Dravid, V Bergan, R Woloschak, GE AF Thurn, Kenneth T. Paunesku, Tatjana Wu, Aiguo Brown, Eric M. B. Lai, Barry Vogt, Stefan Maser, Joerg Aslam, Mohammed Dravid, Vinayak Bergan, Raymond Woloschak, Gayle E. TI Labeling TiO2 Nanoparticles with Dyes for Optical Fluorescence Microscopy and Determination of TiO2-DNA Nanoconjugate Stability SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE DNA; X-ray fluorescence microscopy; nanoconjugates; nanoparticles; TiO2 ID TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ALIZARIN RED-S; IN-VITRO; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; INTRACELLULAR TRAFFICKING; CHARGE SEPARATION; BINDING PROTEINS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ULTRAFINE TIO2; PARTICLES AB Visualization of nanoparticles without intrinsic optical fluorescence properties is a significant problem when performing intracellular studies. Such is the case with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. These nanoparticles, when electronically linked to single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides, have been proposed to be used both as gene knockout devices and as possible tumor imaging agents. By interacting with complementary target sequences in living cells, these photoinducible TiO2-DNA nanoconjugates have the potential to cleave intracellular genomic DNA in a sequence specific and inducible manner. The nanoconjugates also become detectable by magnetic resonance imaging with the addition of gadolinium Gd(III) contrast agents. Herein two approaches for labeling TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2-DNA nanoconjugates with optically fluorescent agents are described. This permits direct quantification of fluorescently labeled TiO2 nanoparticle uptake in a large population of living cells (>10(4) cells). X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) is combined with fluorescent microscopy to determine the relative intracellular stability of the nanoconjugates and used to quantify intracellular nanoparticles. Imaging the DNA component of the TiO2-DNA nanoconjugate by fluorescent confocal microscopy within the same cell shows an overlap with the titanium signal as mapped by XFM. This strongly implies the intracellular integrity of the TiO2-DNA nanoconjugates in malignant cells. C1 [Thurn, Kenneth T.; Paunesku, Tatjana; Wu, Aiguo; Brown, Eric M. B.; Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncot, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Woloschak, Gayle E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Lai, Barry; Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, X Ray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Maser, Joerg] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Aslam, Mohammed] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Dravid, Vinayak] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dravid, Vinayak] Northwestern Univ, NUANCE Ctr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Bergan, Raymond] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Robert H Lurie Canc Ctr, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncot, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM g-woloschak@northwestern.edu RI Wu, Aiguo/A-5414-2008; Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; Aslam, Mohammed/D-3958-2011; Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013; Wu, Aiguo/C-1837-2015; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013; Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Wu, Aiguo/0000-0001-7200-8923; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA107467, P50 CA089018, P50 CA89018, R01 CA107467, R01 CA107467-03, U54 CA119341, U54 CA119341-050005, U54CA119341]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB002100, R01 EB002100, R01 EB002100-04] NR 50 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JUN 5 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 11 BP 1318 EP 1325 DI 10.1002/smll.200801458 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 462AM UT WOS:000267317300013 PM 19242946 ER PT J AU Gee, MW Kelley, CT Lehoucq, RB AF Gee, Michael W. Kelley, C. T. Lehoucq, R. B. TI Pseudo-transient continuation for nonlinear transient elasticity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE transient elasticity; finite element approximation; pseudo-transient continuation; Newton's method ID NEWTON METHOD SOLVER; SMOOTHED AGGREGATION; EQUATIONS; CONVERGENCE; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB This paper demonstrates how pseudo-transient continuation improves the efficiency and robustness of a Newton iteration within a non-linear transient elasticity simulation. Pseudo-transient continuation improves efficiency by enabling larger time steps than possible with a Newton iteration. Robustness improves because pseudo-transient continuation recovers the convergence of Newton's method when the initial iterate is not within the region of local convergence. We illustrate the benefits of pseudo-transient continuation on a non-linear transient simulation of a buckling cylinder, including a comparison with a line search-based Newton iteration. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lehoucq, R. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Gee, Michael W.] Tech Univ Munich, Chair Computat Mech, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Kelley, C. T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lehoucq, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1320, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rblehou@sandia.gov RI Gee, Michael/G-1490-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DMS-0707220]; Army Research Office [W91INF-06-1-0412]; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX National Science Foundation; contract/grant number: DMS-0707220 Army Research Office; contract/grant number: W91INF-06-1-0412 Sandia Corporation; contract/grant number: DE-AC04-94AL85000 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0029-5981 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 78 IS 10 BP 1209 EP 1219 DI 10.1002/nme.2527 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 457OO UT WOS:000266941600004 ER PT J AU Li, XP Lu, WC Zang, QJ Chen, GJ Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Li, Xiao-Ping Lu, Wen-Cai Zang, Qing-Jun Chen, Guang-Ju Wang, C. Z. Ho, K. M. TI Structures and Stabilities of Pb-n (n <= 20) Clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBON CLUSTERS; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; LEAD; IONS; TRANSITION; SPECTRA; TIN; GE; SI; PHOTOEMISSION AB We have performed global structural optimizations for neutral lead clusters Pb-n (n = 2-20) by using a genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with,a fight-binding (TB) potential. The low-energy structures identified from a GA/TB search were further optimized at the DFT-PBE level. The calculated results show that the Pb-n (14 < n <= 20) clusters favor compact spherical structures with hexagon and pentagon rings. These structures are different from those of Si-n, Ge-n, and Sn-n, clusters which favor prolates in the same size range. The binding energies, second differences in energy, and fragmentation behaviors of the Pb-n, clusters were also discussed. Pb-n (n = 4, 7, 10, 13, 15, and 17) clusters are found to be special stable clusters, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. C1 [Li, Xiao-Ping; Lu, Wen-Cai] Jilin Univ, Inst Theoret Chem, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China. [Zang, Qing-Jun; Chen, Guang-Ju] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Wang, C. Z.; Ho, K. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, C. Z.; Ho, K. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Lu, Wen-Cai] Qingdao Univ, Coll Phys, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Lu, Wen-Cai] Qingdao Univ, Growing Base State Key Lab, Lab Fiber Mat & Modern Text, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. RP Lu, WC (reprint author), Jilin Univ, Inst Theoret Chem, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China. EM wencailu@jlu.edu.cn OI Wang, Chong/0000-0003-4489-4344 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20773047, 20473030, 60028403]; U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Director for Energy Research; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20773047, 20473030,and 60028403). Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Iowa State University under Contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11358. This work was also supported by the Director for Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 22 BP 6217 EP 6221 DI 10.1021/jp810107c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 452MV UT WOS:000266545300002 PM 19435318 ER PT J AU Aubriet, F Gaumet, JJ de Jong, WA Groenewold, GS Gianotto, AK McIlwain, ME Van Stipdonk, MJ Leavitt, CM AF Aubriet, Frederic Gaumet, Jean-Jacques de Jong, Wibe A. Groenewold, Gary S. Gianotto, Anita K. McIlwain, Michael E. Van Stipdonk, Michael J. Leavitt, Christopher M. TI Cerium Oxyhydroxide Clusters: Formation, Structure, and Reactivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Review ID ION-CYCLOTRON RESONANCE; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLAR MOLECULE COLLISIONS; ENERGY-ADJUSTED PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; DIPOLE ORIENTATION THEORY; PHASE CHROMIUM OXYANIONS; M3+ LANTHANIDE CATIONS; GAS-PHASE; LASER-ABLATION; AB-INITIO AB Cerium oxyhydroxide cluster anions were produced by irradiating ceric oxide particles by using 355 nm laser pulses that were synchronized with pulses of nitrogen gas admitted to the irradiation chamber. The gas pulse stabilized the nascent clusters that are largely anhydrous [Ce(x)O(y)] ions and neutrals. These initially formed species react with water, principally forming oxchydroxy species that are described by the general formula [Ce(x)O(y)(OH(z)](-) for which all the Ce atoms are in the IV oxidation state. In general, the extent of hydroxylation varies from a value of three OH per Ce atom when x = 1 to a value slightly greater than 1 for x >= 8. The Ce(3) and Ce(6) species deviate significantly from this trend: the x = 3 cluster accommodates more hydroxyl moieties compared to neighboring congeners at x = 2 and 4. Conversely, the x = 6 cluster is significantly less hydroxylated than its x = 5 and 7 neighbors. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling of the Cluster structures shows that the hydrated clusters are hydrolyzed, and contain one-to-multiple hydroxide moieties, but not datively bound water. DFT also predicts an energetic preference for formation of highly symmetric structures as the size of the clusters increases. The calculated structures indicate that the ability of the Ce(3) oxyhydroxide to accommodate more extensive hydroxylation is due to a more open, hexagonal structure in which the Ce atoms can participate in multiple hydrolysis reactions. Conversely the Ce6 oxyhydroxide has all octahedral structure that is not conducive to hydrolysis. In addition to the fully oxidized (Ce(IV)) oxyhydroxides, reduced oxyhydroxides (containing a Ce(III) center) are also formed. These become more prominent as the size of the clusters increases, suggesting that the larger ceria clusters have an increased ability to accommodate a reduced Ce(III) moiety. In addition, the spectra offer evidence for the formation of superoxide derivatives that may arise from reaction of the reduced oxyhydroxides with dioxygen. The overall intensity of the Clusters tends to monotonically decrease as the cluster size increases; however, this trend is interrupted at Ce(13), which is significantly more stable compared to neighboring congeners, suggesting formation of a dehydrated Keggin-type structure. C1 [Groenewold, Gary S.; Gianotto, Anita K.; McIlwain, Michael E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Van Stipdonk, Michael J.; Leavitt, Christopher M.] Wichita State Univ, Wichita, KS 67260 USA. [de Jong, Wibe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Aubriet, Frederic; Gaumet, Jean-Jacques] Univ Paul Verlaine Metz, Inst Jean Barriol Fed Rech 2843, Lab Spectrometrie Masse & Chim Laser, Metz, France. RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM gary.groenewold@inl.gov RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315 FU U.S. Department of Energy; INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program [DE-AC07-051D14517]; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory; University of Metz; Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France); U.S. National Science Foundation [CAREER-0239800] FX Work by G. S. Groenewold and A. K. Gianotto was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, and the INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517. W. A. de Jong's research was performed in part using the Molecular Science Computing Facility in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated for the Department of Energy by Battelle. F. Aubriet and J. J. Gaurnet acknowledge supported by the University of Metz and the Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France). M. J. Van Stipdonk and C. M. Leavitt were supported in part through a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (CAREER-0239800). NR 111 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 7 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 22 BP 6239 EP 6252 DI 10.1021/jp9015432 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 452MV UT WOS:000266545300004 PM 19432463 ER PT J AU Wick, CD Dang, LX AF Wick, Collin D. Dang, Liem X. TI Investigating Hydroxide Anion Interfacial Activity by Classical and Multistate Empirical Valence Bond Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER-SURFACE; AQUEOUS INTERFACES; ION-BINDING; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; GEMINI SURFACTANTS; AB-INITIO; SOLVATION; MECHANISM; CLUSTERS; PROTON AB Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to understand the propensity of the hydroxide anion for the air-water interface. Two classes of molecular models were used, a classical polarizable model and a polarizable multistate empirical valence bond (MS-EVB) potential. The latter model was parametrized to reproduce the structures of small hydroxide-water clusters based on proton reaction coordinates. Furthermore, nuclear quantum effects were introduced into the MS-EVB model implicitly by refitting its potential energy function to account for them. The final MS-EVB model showed reasonable agreement with experiment and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations for dynamical and structural properties. The free-energy profiles for both the classical and MS-EVB models were mapped out across the air-water interface, and the classical model gave a higher free energy at the interface with respect to bulk. However, the MS-EVB model gave little free-energy difference between when the hydroxide anion was in the bulk and when it was present at the air-water interface with its oxygen fully solvated and its hydrogen pointing toward the vapor. When the hydroxide oxygen started to desolvate, the free energy increased dramatically, suggesting that the hydroxide anion can be found in the interfacial region. C1 [Wick, Collin D.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. [Dang, Liem X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wick, CD (reprint author), Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71270 USA. EM cwick@latech.edu; liem.dang@pnl.gov FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy; Louisiana Board of Regents Research Competitiveness Subprogram [3LEQSF(2008- 11)-RD-A-21]; Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) FX Part of this work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Battelle operates the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy. In addition, some of the research was funded by the Louisiana Board of Regents Research Competitiveness Subprogram Contract Number 3LEQSF(2008- 11)-RD-A-21. The calculations were carried out using the resources from the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI). Additional computer resources were provided by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We also thank C. J. Mundy for sharing their AIMD results with us, which also showed that the hydroxide anion has a propensity for the air-water interface.71 NR 71 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 22 BP 6356 EP 6364 DI 10.1021/jp900290y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 452MV UT WOS:000266545300018 PM 19391589 ER PT J AU Soderholm, L Skanthakumar, S Wilson, RE AF Soderholm, L. Skanthakumar, S. Wilson, Richard E. TI Structures and Energetics of Erbium Chloride Complexes in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; RARE-EARTH IONS; COORDINATION HYDRATION; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; AQUA ION; LANTHANIDES; HYDROLYSIS; SCATTERING; SPECIATION; STRENGTH AB A series of aqueous, constant ionic strength solutions containing 0.5 m Er is studied as a function of chloride/perchlorate ion concentration using high-energy X-ray scattering (HEXS) to probe the metal ion coordination environment. Perchlorate is seen to form an outer-sphere complex only in the end member (4.0 m perchlorate) of the series. Chloride ions are seen to bind as both inner- and outer-sphere complexes. A quantitative analysis of the scattering data is used to determine stability constants that depend on whether the complexation with chloride ions is assumed to add to or to replace the waters bound in the first coordination sphere. Published stability constants obtained from liquid-liquid extraction clarify the mechanism involved and, together with the HEXS data, present a consistent Picture of the chemistry. The stability constants determined from the HEXS data, beta(1) = 0.38(8) and beta(2) = 0.014(9), are small, less than the available thermal energy in solution at room temperature. The combination of chemical separations and HEXS data for the analysis Supports the argument that the complexes formed are real under the experimental conditions. Details of the structural correlations and interactions are discussed for applications including separations and environmental modeling. C1 [Soderholm, L.; Skanthakumar, S.; Wilson, Richard E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM LS@anl.gov RI Wilson, Richard/H-1763-2011 OI Wilson, Richard/0000-0001-8618-5680 FU U.S. DOE, OBES, Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Renato Chiarizia for his insightful comments. This work is supported by the U.S. DOE, OBES, Chemical Sciences under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source, used to obtain the HEXS data described in this study, is supported by the U.S. DOE, OBES, Materials Sciences under the same contract number. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 22 BP 6391 EP 6397 DI 10.1021/jp9012366 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 452MV UT WOS:000266545300022 PM 19432479 ER PT J AU Kim, YK Dohnalek, Z Kay, BD Rousseau, R AF Kim, Yu Kwon Dohnalek, Z. Kay, Bruce D. Rousseau, R. TI Competitive Oxidation and Reduction of Aliphatic Alcohols over (WO3)(3) Clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TUNGSTEN-OXIDE CATALYSTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; TITANIUM-OXIDE; TIO2(110); DEHYDRATION; 2-PROPANOL; BEHAVIOR; WOX/TIO2; SITES AB The reactions of C1-C4 aliphatic alcohols over (WO3)(3) clusters were studied experimentally and theoretically using temperature-programmed desorption, infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory. The results reveal that all C1-C4 aliphatic alcohols readily react with (WO3)(3) clusters by heterolytic cleavage of the RO-H bond to give alkoxy (RO-) bound to W(VI) centers and a proton (H+) attached to the terminal oxygen atom of a tungstyl group (W=O). Two protons adsorbed onto the cluster readily react with the doubly bonded oxygen to from a water molecule that desorbs at 200-300 K and the alkoxy that undergoes decomposition at higher temperatures into the corresponding alkene, aldehyde, and/or ether. Our theory predicts that all three channels proceed over the W(VI) Lewis acid sites with energy barriers of 30-40 kcal/mol, where dehydration is favored over the others. We also present further analysis of the yield and reaction temperature as a function of the alkyl substituents and discuss the origin of the reaction selectivity among the three reaction channels. C1 [Dohnalek, Z.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ajou Univ, Div Energy Syst Res, Program BK21, Suwon 443749, South Korea. RP Dohnalek, Z (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zdenek.dohnalek@pnl.gov; bruce.kay@pnl.gov; roger.rousseau@pnl.gov RI Rousseau, Roger/C-3703-2014; OI Dohnalek, Zdenek/0000-0002-5999-7867 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Robert A. Welch Foundation [F-0032]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0412609]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division, the Robert A. Welch Foundation (F-0032), and the National Science Foundation (CHE-0412609), and performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory; a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the U.S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Computational resources were provided by the Molecular Science Computing Facility (EMSL) and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 43 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 22 BP 9721 EP 9730 DI 10.1021/jp8109463 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 451CF UT WOS:000266447600044 ER PT J AU Wang, YR Zhang, YHP AF Wang, Yiran Zhang, Y-H Percival TI Overexpression and simple purification of the Thermotoga maritima 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli and its application for NADPH regeneration SO MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES LA English DT Article ID HETEROLOGOUS PROTEIN EXPRESSION; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; BACTERIUM THERMOTOGA; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; CELLULOSIC MATERIALS; AFFINITY ADSORPTION; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; MEMBRANE REACTOR; ENZYME; GENE AB Background: Thermostable enzymes from thermophilic microorganisms are playing more and more important roles in molecular biology R&D and industrial applications. However, overproduction of recombinant soluble proteins from thermophilic microorganisms in mesophilic hosts (e. g. E. coli) remains challenging sometimes. Results: An open reading frame TM0438 from a hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima putatively encoding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The purified protein was confirmed to have 6PGDH activity with a molecular mass of 53 kDa. The k(cat) of this enzyme was 325 s(-1) and the K(m) values for 6-phosphogluconate, NADP(+), and NAD(+) were 11, 10 and 380 mu M, respectively, at 80 degrees C. This enzyme had half-life times of 48 and 140 h at 90 and 80 degrees C, respectively. Through numerous approaches including expression vectors, hosts, cultivation conditions, inducers, and codon-optimization of the 6pgdh gene, the soluble 6PGDH expression levels were enhanced to similar to 250 mg per liter of culture by more than 500-fold. The recombinant 6PGDH accounted for >30% of total E. coli cellular proteins when lactose was used as a low-cost inducer. In addition, this enzyme coupled with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase for the first time was demonstrated to generate two moles of NADPH per mole of glucose-6-phosphate. Conclusion: We have achieved a more than 500-fold improvement in the expression of soluble T. maritima 6PGDH in E. coli, characterized its basic biochemical properties, and demonstrated its applicability for NADPH regeneration by a new enzyme cocktail. The methodology for overexpression and simple purification of this thermostable protein would be useful for the production of other thermostable proteins in E. coli. C1 [Wang, Yiran; Zhang, Y-H Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y-H Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y-H Percival] US DOE, BioEnergy Sci Ctr BESC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM yiran@vt.edu; ypzhang@vt.edu RI Wang, Yi-Ran/C-4643-2013 OI Wang, Yi-Ran/0000-0002-4171-868X FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0145] FX This work was supported to YHPZ mainly by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-08-1-0145) and partially by ICTAS. We thank Dr. Huiming Zhao for providing plasmid pET26b-xr containing a xylose reductase gene. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2859 J9 MICROB CELL FACT JI Microb. Cell. Fact. PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 8 AR 30 DI 10.1186/1475-2859-8-30 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474YU UT WOS:000268321900001 PM 19497097 ER PT J AU Blume, M AF Blume, Martin TI Plastic Fantastic: How the Biggest Fraud in Physics Shook the Scientific World SO NATURE LA English DT Book Review C1 [Blume, Martin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM blume@post.harvard.edu NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 459 IS 7247 BP 645 EP 646 DI 10.1038/459645a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 453KF UT WOS:000266608600021 ER PT J AU Anderson, I Ulrich, LE Lupa, B Susanti, D Porat, I Hooper, SD Lykidis, A Sieprawska-Lupa, M Dharmarajan, L Goltsman, E Lapidus, A Saunders, E Han, C Land, M Lucas, S Mukhopadhyay, B Whitman, WB Woese, C Bristow, J Kyrpides, N AF Anderson, Iain Ulrich, Luke E. Lupa, Boguslaw Susanti, Dwi Porat, Iris Hooper, Sean D. Lykidis, Athanasios Sieprawska-Lupa, Magdalena Dharmarajan, Lakshmi Goltsman, Eugene Lapidus, Alla Saunders, Elizabeth Han, Cliff Land, Miriam Lucas, Susan Mukhopadhyay, Biswarup Whitman, William B. Woese, Carl Bristow, James Kyrpides, Nikos TI Genomic Characterization of Methanomicrobiales Reveals Three Classes of Methanogens SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Background: Methanomicrobiales is the least studied order of methanogens. While these organisms appear to be more closely related to the Methanosarcinales in ribosomal-based phylogenetic analyses, they are metabolically more similar to Class I methanogens. Methodology/Principal Findings: In order to improve our understanding of this lineage, we have completely sequenced the genomes of two members of this order, Methanocorpusculum labreanum Z and Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1, and compared them with the genome of a third, Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1. Similar to Class I methanogens, Methanomicrobiales use a partial reductive citric acid cycle for 2-oxoglutarate biosynthesis, and they have the Eha energy-converting hydrogenase. In common with Methanosarcinales, Methanomicrobiales possess the Ech hydrogenase and at least some of them may couple formylmethanofuran formation and heterodisulfide reduction to transmembrane ion gradients. Uniquely, M. labreanum and M. hungatei contain hydrogenases similar to the Pyrococcus furiosus Mbh hydrogenase, and all three Methanomicrobiales have anti-sigma factor and anti-anti-sigma factor regulatory proteins not found in other methanogens. Phylogenetic analysis based on seven core proteins of methanogenesis and cofactor biosynthesis places the Methanomicrobiales equidistant from Class I methanogens and Methanosarcinales. Conclusions/Significance: Our results indicate that Methanomicrobiales, rather than being similar to Class I methanogens or Methanomicrobiales, share some features of both and have some unique properties. We find that there are three distinct classes of methanogens: the Class I methanogens, the Methanomicrobiales (Class II), and the Methanosarcinales (Class III). RP Anderson, I (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. EM IJAnderson@lbl.gov RI Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM72285, R01 GM072285] NR 46 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 6 U2 27 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 4 IS 6 AR e5797 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0005797 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 454XI UT WOS:000266716900007 PM 19495416 ER PT J AU Small, W Maitland, DJ Wilson, TS Bearinger, JP Letts, SA Trebes, JE AF Small, Ward Maitland, Duncan J. Wilson, Thomas S. Bearinger, Jane P. Letts, Stephan A. Trebes, James E. TI Development of a prototype optical hydrogen gas sensor using a getter-doped polymer transducer for monitoring cumulative exposure: Preliminary results SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Gas sensor; Hydrogen getter; Optical fiber; Polymer ID PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; 1,4-BIS(PHENYLETHYNYL)BENZENE; DEVICE; MODEL; DEB AB A novel prototype optical sensor for monitoring cumulative hydrogen gas exposure was fabricated and evaluated. Chemical-to-optical transduction was accomplished by detecting the intensity of 670nm laser light transmitted through a hydrogen getter-doped polymer film mounted at the end of an optical fiber: the transmittance of the composite film increased with uptake of hydrogen by the embedded getter. The composite film consisted of the hydrogen getter 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene, also known as DEB, with carbon-supported palladium catalyst embedded in silicone elastomer. Because the change in transmittance was irreversible and occurred continuously as the getter captured hydrogen, the sensor behaved like a dosimeter, providing a unique indication of the cumulative gas exposure. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Small, Ward; Maitland, Duncan J.; Wilson, Thomas S.; Bearinger, Jane P.; Letts, Stephan A.; Trebes, James E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Maitland, Duncan J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Small, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM small3@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors thank Kansas City Plant for providing the DEB-Pd/C and R. Maxwell for his support. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2009.03.020 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 460BM UT WOS:000267159700018 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Kuchibhatla, SVNT Engelhard, MH Shutthanandan, V Nachimuthu, P Jiang, W Saraf, LV Thevuthasan, S Prasad, S AF Gupta, S. Kuchibhatla, S. V. N. T. Engelhard, M. H. Shutthanandan, V. Nachimuthu, P. Jiang, W. Saraf, L. V. Thevuthasan, S. Prasad, S. TI Influence of samaria doping on the resistance of ceria thin films and its implications to the planar oxygen sensing devices SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE Oxygen gas sensor; Resistance; Ionic conduction; Samaria; Ceria; Thin films; OPA-MBE ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DOPED CERIA; SENSORS; OXIDE; GAS; CONDUCTIVITY; GROWTH; YTTRIA AB in order to evaluate and analyze the effect of samarium (Sm) doping on the resistance of cerium oxide, we have grown highly oriented samaria doped ceria (SDC) thin films on sapphire, Al(2)O(3) (0001) substrates by using oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (OPA-MBE). The film growth was monitored using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) which shows two-dimensional growth throughout the deposition. Following growth, the thin films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). XPS depth-profile shows Sm atoms are uniformly distributed in ceria lattice throughout the bulk of the film. The valence states of Ce and Sm in doped thin films are found to be Ce(4+) and Sm(3+), respectively. HRXRD shows the samaria doped ceria films on Al(2)O(3) (0001) exhibit (111) preferred orientation. Ion-channeling in RBS measurements confirms high quality of the thin films. The resistance of the samaria doped ceria films, obtained by two probe measurement capability under various oxygen pressure (1 mTorr-100Torr) and temperatures (623-973 K), is significantly lower than that of pure ceria under same conditions. The 6 at.% samaria doped ceria film is the optimum composition for highest conductivity. This is attributed to the increased oxygen vacant sites in fluorite crystal structure of the epitaxial thin films which facilitate faster oxygen diffusion through hopping process. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Prasad, S.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Kuchibhatla, S. V. N. T.; Engelhard, M. H.; Shutthanandan, V.; Nachimuthu, P.; Jiang, W.; Saraf, L. V.; Thevuthasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gupta, S.; Prasad, S.] Portland State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Prasad, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, ERC 237,551 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM shalini.prasad.1@asu.edu RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU Battelle Memorial Institute [DEAC06-76RLO 18f30]; Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI) FX "(A portion of) The research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory." Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multi program national laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract no. DEAC06-76RLO 18f30. SG and SP would like to thank Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI) for financial support. NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD JUN 4 PY 2009 VL 139 IS 2 BP 380 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.snb.2009.03.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 460BM UT WOS:000267159700019 ER PT J AU Yang, SC Park, S Makowski, L Roux, B AF Yang, Sichun Park, Sanghyun Makowski, Lee Roux, Benoit TI A Rapid Coarse Residue-Based Computational Method for X-Ray Solution Scattering Characterization of Protein Folds and Multiple Conformational States of Large Protein Complexes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; LOW-RESOLUTION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; STRUCTURE PREDICTION; HUMAN TRANSFERRIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDRATION SHELL; CYTOCHROME-C AB We present a coarse residue-based computational method to rapidly compute the solution scattering profile from a protein with dynamical fluctuations. The method is built upon a coarse-grained (CG) representation of the protein. This CG representation takes advantage of the intrinsic low-resolution and CG nature of solution scattering data. It allows rapid scattering determination from a large number of conformations that can be extracted from CG simulations to obtain scattering characterization of protein conformations. The method includes several important elements, effective residue structure factors derived from the Protein Data Bank, explicit treatment of water molecules in the hydration layer at the surface of the protein, and an ensemble average of scattering from a variety of appropriate conformations to account for macromolecular flexibility. This simplified method is calibrated and illustrated to accurately reproduce the experimental scattering curve of Hen egg white lysozyme. We then illustrated the applications of this CG method by computing the solution scattering patterns of several representative protein folds and multiple conformational states. The results suggest that solution scattering data, when combined with the reliable computational method that we developed, show great potential for a better structural description of multidomain complexes in different functional states, and for recognizing structural folds when sequence similarity to a protein of known structure is low. C1 [Yang, Sichun; Roux, Benoit] Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gordon Ctr Integrat Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Park, Sanghyun] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Makowski, Lee; Roux, Benoit] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roux, B (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gordon Ctr Integrat Sci, 920 E 58Th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM roux@uchicago.edu RI Yang, Sichun/B-1608-2008 OI Yang, Sichun/0000-0002-1726-0576 FU National Institute of Health [CA-093577]; University of Chicago Cancer Center and Argonne National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Health through grant No. CA-093577 and by a joint grant from the University of Chicago Cancer Center and Argonne National Laboratory (grant No. UCCC/ANL). NR 81 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 96 IS 11 BP 4449 EP 4463 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.03.036 PG 15 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 453ZC UT WOS:000266650400011 PM 19486669 ER PT J AU Cheng, XL Ivanov, I Wang, HL Sine, SM McCammon, JA AF Cheng, Xiaolin Ivanov, Ivaylo Wang, Hailong Sine, Steven M. McCammon, J. Andrew TI Molecular-Dynamics Simulations of ELIC-a Prokaryotic Homologue of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; NORMAL-MODE ANALYSIS; CYS-LOOP RECEPTOR; GATED ION-CHANNEL; GATING MECHANISM; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN; BRAIN-FUNCTION; PORE AB The ligand-gated ion channel from Erwinia chrysanthemi (ELIC) is a prokaryotic homolog of the eukaryotic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that responds to the binding of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and mediates fast signal transmission. ELIC is similar to the nAChR in its primary sequence and overall subunit organization, but despite their structural similarity, it is not clear whether these two ligand-gated ion channels operate in a similar manner. Further, it is not known to what extent mechanistic insights gleaned from the ELIC structure translate to eukaryotic counterparts such as the nAChR. Here we use molecular-dynamics simulations to probe the conformational dynamics and hydration of the transmembrane pore of ELIC. The results are compared with those from our previous simulation of the human alpha 7 nAChR. Overall, ELIC displays increased stability compared to the nAChR, whereas the two proteins exhibit remarkable similarity in their global motion and flexibility patterns. The majority of the increased stability of ELIC does not stem from the deficiency of the models used in the simulations, and but rather seems to have a structural basis. Slightly altered dynamical correlation features are also observed among several loops within the membrane region. In sharp contrast to the nAChR, ELIC is completely dehydrated from the pore center to the extracellular end throughout the simulation. Finally, the simulation of an ELIC mutant substantiates the important role of F246 on the stability, hydration and possibly function of the ELIC channel. C1 [Cheng, Xiaolin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ivanov, Ivaylo; McCammon, J. Andrew] Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ivanov, Ivaylo; McCammon, J. Andrew] Univ Calif San Diego, Natl Sci Fdn, Ctr Theoret Biophys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ivanov, Ivaylo; McCammon, J. Andrew] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ivanov, Ivaylo; McCammon, J. Andrew] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pharmacol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wang, Hailong; Sine, Steven M.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, Receptor Biol Lab, Rochester, MN USA. RP Cheng, XL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xcheng@mccammon.ucsd.edu RI Ivanov, Ivaylo/A-7613-2013 OI Ivanov, Ivaylo/0000-0002-5306-1005 FU Computer Science and Mathematics Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Institutes of Health [GM31749, MCB-0506593, MCA93S013]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; San Diego Supercomputer Center; National Biomedical Computation Resource FX X.C. is funded by the Computer Science and Mathematics Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This work was supported by grants front the National Institutes of Health (GM31749, NSF MCB-0506593. and MCA93S013 to J.A.M.). Additional support to I.A.M. for this project was provided partly by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the San Diego Supercomputer Center, the National Biomedical Computation Resource, and the National Science Foundation Center for Theoretical Biological physics. NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 18 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 96 IS 11 BP 4502 EP 4513 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.03.018 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 453ZC UT WOS:000266650400015 PM 19486673 ER PT J AU Liu, JH Wu, M Wang, M AF Liu, Jiahong Wu, May Wang, Michael TI Simulation of the Process for Producing Butanol from Corn Fermentation SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; BIOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; DOWNSTREAM PROCESS; ABE PRODUCTION; ACETONE; ETHANOL; RECOVERY AB This study focuses on the simulation of a complete process for producing butanol via acetone, butanol, and ethanol corn fermentation. The simulation, which begins with grain processing and proceeds through product purification, represents the first attempt to simulate such a complete process. Energy use for the production process is highlighted and compared to that for the conventional corn ethanol process. The simulation results are utilized in a lifecycle assessment for butanol as a potential transportation fuel. The lifecycle assessment study is conducted using the transportation full lifecycle assessment model, Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET), that has been developed by Argonne National Laboratory. A variety of key parameters are examined, such as the state of the art of the unit operations included in the process and their key process parameters, as well as their effects on the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the lifecycle of butanol. C1 [Liu, Jiahong; Wu, May; Wang, Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mwu@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357). Valuable advice on the Aspen Plus simulation front Dr. Urmila Diwekar (Vishwamitra Research Institute, Westmont, IL) is also thankfully acknowledged. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 5551 EP 5557 DI 10.1021/ie900274z PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 451OW UT WOS:000266480500047 ER PT J AU Headrick, RL Zhou, H AF Headrick, Randall L. Zhou, Hua TI Ripple formation and smoothening on insulating surfaces SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ION-SPUTTERED SURFACES; THIN-FILM GROWTH; GRAZING-INCIDENCE; BEAM EROSION; DIFFRACTION; ENERGY; BOMBARDMENT; MORPHOLOGY; SI AB Ion bombardment of insulating surfaces such as Al(2)O(3) and SiO(2) produces ordered patterns of ripples. The ripple wavelength varies with ion energy, incidence angle and substrate temperature. A region of stability is also known to exist for near-normal incidence during Ar(+) ion bombardment, where initially rough surfaces are smoothened. A number of relaxation mechanisms are found to be operative under specific conditions, including: surface-confined viscous flow, impact-induced lateral currents and impact-assisted surface diffusion during ion bombardment at high temperatures. Most of the experimentally observed phenomena are explained through extension of the Bradley-Harper theory by the addition of these new processes. Phenomena that are not explained by the linear theory, such as the saturation of surface amplitude during the formation of ripples, are thought to arise from nonlinear effects. This contribution describes the present status of the linear theory relevant to this class of materials and recent experimental results. C1 [Headrick, Randall L.] Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Headrick, Randall L.] Univ Vermont, Mat Sci Program, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Zhou, Hua] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Headrick, RL (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0348354, DMR-0216704, DMR-0225180]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER46032]; National Synchrotron Light Source X21; National Institutes of Health [5P41RR01646-24]; Brookhaven National Laboratory; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We would like to acknowledge our collaborators and co-authors on recent papers who contributed to the studies of ripple formation on insulating surfaces, including: Kee-Chul Chang, Karl Ludwig, Gozde Ozaydin, Ahmet Ozcan, Kit Umbach, Yiyi Wang, Yiping Wang and Lan Zou. The authors acknowledge the experimental assistance of Lin Yang, Christie Nelson, D Peter Siddons, Jie Yang and Vladimir Butko. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation CAREER program under grant no. DMR-0348354 and by the Department of Energy EPSCoR program under grant no. DE-FG02-03ER46032. National Science Foundation equipment grant DMR-0216704 supported the instrumentation used at the National Synchrotron Light Source X21 beamline. The Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source is funded by the National Institutes of Health through grant 5P41RR01646-24 and by the National Science Foundation grant DMR-0225180. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 22 AR 224005 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/22/224005 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 452ZZ UT WOS:000266581000006 PM 21715744 ER PT J AU MoberlyChan, WJ AF MoberlyChan, Warren J. TI Dual-beam focused ion beam/electron microscopy processing and metrology of redeposition during ion-surface 3D interactions, from micromachining to self-organized picostructures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ENERGETIC DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; INDUCED DEPOSITION; SPUTTERING YIELD; INDUCED DAMAGE; THIN-FILMS; DIAMOND; SILICON; TEM; BOMBARDMENT; TECHNOLOGY AB Focused ion beam (FIB) tools have become a mainstay for processing and metrology of small structures. In order to expand the understanding of an ion impinging a surface (Sigmund sputtering theory) to our processing of small structures, the significance of 3D boundary conditions must be realized. We consider ion erosion for patterning/lithography, and optimize yields using the angle of incidence and chemical enhancement, but we find that the critical 3D parameters are aspect ratio and redeposition. We consider focused ion beam sputtering for micromachining small holes through membranes, but we find that the critical 3D considerations are implantation and redeposition. We consider ion beam self-assembly of nanostructures, but we find that control of the redeposition by ion and/or electron beams enables the growth of nanostructures and picostructures. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMELS, Livermore, CA USA. RP MoberlyChan, WJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CMELS, Livermore, CA USA. FU United States Department of Energy; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-405668] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories under contract of No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-JRNL-405668. The author is grateful to Luis Zepada-Ruiz for thoughtful discussions and exciting and illuminating modeling results. NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 22 AR 224013 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/22/224013 PG 24 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 452ZZ UT WOS:000266581000014 PM 21715751 ER PT J AU Columbus, L Lipfert, J Jambunathan, K Fox, DA Sim, AYL Doniach, S Lesley, SA AF Columbus, Linda Lipfert, Jan Jambunathan, Kalyani Fox, Daniel A. Sim, Adelene Y. L. Doniach, Sebastian Lesley, Scott A. TI Mixing and Matching Detergents for Membrane Protein NMR Structure Determination SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE DETERMINATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; XPLOR-NIH; SPIN; SPECTROSCOPY; MICELLES; DIMERIZATION; TRANSPORTER AB One major obstacle to membrane protein structure determination is the selection of a detergent micelle that mimics the native lipid bilayer. Currently, detergents are selected by exhaustive screening because the effects of protein-detergent interactions on protein structure are poorly understood. In this study, the structure and dynamics of an integral membrane protein in different detergents is investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results suggest that matching of the micelle dimensions to the protein's hydrophobic surface avoids exchange processes that reduce the completeness of the NMR observations. Based on these dimensions, several mixed micelles were designed that improved the completeness of NMR observations. These findings provide a basis for the rational design of mixed micelles that may advance membrane protein structure determination by NMR. C1 [Columbus, Linda; Jambunathan, Kalyani; Fox, Daniel A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Columbus, Linda; Lesley, Scott A.] Scripps Res Inst, Joint Ctr Struct Genom, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Columbus, Linda; Lesley, Scott A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lipfert, Jan; Doniach, Sebastian] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sim, Adelene Y. L.; Doniach, Sebastian] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Doniach, Sebastian] Stanford Univ, Biophys Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Doniach, Sebastian] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Columbus, L (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM Columbus@virginia.edu RI Columbus, Linda/F-5877-2010 OI Columbus, Linda/0000-0002-2574-0561 FU National Institutes of Health [IF32GM068286]; The Jeffress Memorial Trust [PO1 GM0066275]; Protein Structure Initiative [P50 GM62411, U54 GM074898]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH 11357] FX We thank Professor Wayne L. Hubbell for the use of a Varian EPR spectrometer; Professor Kurt Wifthrich for support; Drs. Gerard Kroon, Bernhard Geierstanger, and David Jones for helpful discussion and technical NMR assistance; Dr. Cameron Mura for useful discussions; and Vincent Chu, Dmitri Pavlichin, and Dr. Sbnke Seifert for data collection assistance at the APS. Support for this research was provided by National Institutes of Health Grants IF32GM068286 and The Jeffress Memorial Trust (L.C.) PO1 GM0066275 (S.D.), and Protein Structure Initiative Grants P50 GM62411 and U54 GM074898 (S.L.). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH 11357. A.Y.L.S. is supported by A*STAR, Singapore. NR 34 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 21 BP 7320 EP 7326 DI 10.1021/ja808776j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 451QO UT WOS:000266484900031 PM 19425578 ER PT J AU Wu, L Lal, J Simon, KA Burton, EA Luk, YY AF Wu, Lei Lal, Jyotsana Simon, Karen A. Burton, Erik A. Luk, Yan-Yeung TI Nonamphiphilic Assembly in Water: Polymorphic Nature, Thread Structure, and Thermodynamic Incompatibility SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHROMONIC LIQUID-CRYSTALS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DISODIUM-CROMOGLYCATE; SELF-ASSOCIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-SEPARATION; CROMOLYN SODIUM; X-RAY; MESOPHASES AB Self-assembly of large quantities of entirely water-soluble molecules is entropically challenging. In this work, we describe the design and synthesis of water-soluble aromatic (dichromonyl) molecules that can form nonamphiphilic assemblies and the so-called chromonic liquid crystal phase in water. We discover a new molecule, 5'DSCG-diviol, that exhibits a large birefringent phase, and we show that the formation of this unique class of nonamphiphilic lyotropic liquid crystal shares enormous similarity to the polymorphism observed for crystal formation. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed a concentration-independent rod-shaped assembly at concentrations below and above the formation of liquid crystal phase. Adding a small percentage of monoanionic aromatic molecules to the liquid crystal resulted in the elimination of the liquid crystal phase, but addition of dianionic aromatic molecules retained the liquid crystal phase. Together, these results suggest a new assembly structure for nonamphiphilic molecules in water, which is comprised of long threads of small molecules connected by salt bridges stacked over aromatic groups, with the molecular threads heavily hydrated with solvent water. Furthermore, mixing molecules with different structures can result in new liquid crystalline materials, or in segregation of the molecules into different solvation volumes, each of which contains only one type of molecule. The unusual thermodynamic incompatibility of entirely water-soluble molecules also supports the model of molecular threads, in which two polymer-like assemblies do not mix. C1 [Wu, Lei; Simon, Karen A.; Burton, Erik A.; Luk, Yan-Yeung] Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Luk, Yan-Yeung] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biomed & Chem Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Lal, Jyotsana] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Luk, YY (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM yluk@syr.edu RI Wu, Lei/C-6655-2011 OI Wu, Lei/0000-0001-9130-6619 NR 85 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 21 BP 7430 EP 7443 DI 10.1021/ja9015149 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 451QO UT WOS:000266484900043 PM 19422237 ER PT J AU Haas, O Vogt, UF Soltmann, C Braun, A Yoon, WS Yang, XQ Graule, T AF Haas, O. Vogt, U. F. Soltmann, C. Braun, A. Yoon, W. -S. Yang, X. Q. Graule, T. TI The Fe K-edge X-ray absorption characteristics of La1-xSrxFeO3-delta prepared by solid state reaction SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Oxides; Chemical synthesis; XAFS (EXAFS and XANES); Crystal structure; Electronic structure ID LAFEO3 PEROVSKITE; SYSTEM; OXIDATION; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; COMBUSTION; PROGRAM; CO AB Perovskites of the composition La1-xSrFeO3-delta (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.5. 0.9, 1.0) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction route. The single phase behaviour was assessed by XRD analysis, the electronic properties were investigated by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The work is focused on the valence state of iron and the oxygen vacancies of the perovskites investigated. The XRD measurements revealed that the solid state reaction yields cubic perovskites for x = 1, 0.9, rhombohedral perovskites for x = 0.5. and orthorhombic perovskites for x = 0, 0.1. The X-ray absorption data are discussed in detail with respect to Fe K-edge shift, white-line intensity. pre-edge features, and the EXAFS data. The first peak in the Fourier transform of the Chi x k(3) and Chi x k(2) functions was simulated for a detailed analysis of scattering contributions from the first oxygen shell to evaluate the Fe-O bond length. The substitution of lanthanum by strontium leads to a corresponding increase of the iron valence state and thus to the formation of the Jahn-Teller Fe4+ ion. This is causing disorder in the first coordination shell and thus an increase of the Debye-Waller factor with increasing x. The Fe-O bond length obtained from XRD and especially from X-ray absorption data are consistent with delta-values close to zero. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haas, O.] Energy & Mat Res Consulting, CH-6648 Minusio, TI, Switzerland. [Vogt, U. F.; Soltmann, C.; Braun, A.; Graule, T.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, Empa, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Yoon, W. -S.; Yang, X. Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Haas, O (reprint author), Energy & Mat Res Consulting, CH-6648 Minusio, TI, Switzerland. EM otto.haas@bluewin.ch RI Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 FU SOFC FP6 program; REAL SOFC; [SES6-CT-2003-502612WP] FX We would like to thank Peter Holtappels for the discussion of perovskite materials for SOFC/SOEC applications, Hansjurgen Schindler, Defne Bayraktar, Anke Broenstrup. Adrian Fries, Lubomir Hric and Josef Sfeir were involved in perovskite synthesis and characterization and provided fruitful discussions. Current LSF perovskite synthesis has been supported by the SOFC FP6 program, REAL SOFC, and SES6-CT-2003-502612WP. Dr. Klaus Muller offered a critical reading. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JUN 3 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1397 EP 1404 DI 10.1016/j.materresbull.2008.11.026 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 443JS UT WOS:000265906600035 ER PT J AU Xiang, DF Xu, CF Kumaran, D Brown, AC Sauder, JM Burley, SK Swaminathan, S Raushel, FM AF Xiang, Dao Feng Xu, Chengfu Kumaran, Desigan Brown, Ann C. Sauder, J. Michael Burley, Stephen K. Swaminathan, Subramanyam Raushel, Frank M. TI Functional Annotation of Two New Carboxypeptidases from the Amidohydrolase Superfamily of Enzymes SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN; PHOSPHOTRIESTERASE; INFORMATION; REFINEMENT; MECHANISM; UREASE AB Two proteins from the amidohydrolase superfamily of enzymes were cloned, expressed, and purified to homogeneity. The first protein.. Cc0300, was from Caulobacter crescentus CB-15 (Cc0300), while the second one (Sgx9355e) was derived from an environmental DNA sequence originally isolated from the Sargasso Sea (gi vertical bar 44371129). The catalytic functions and the substrate profiles for the two enzymes were determined with the aid of combinatorial dipeptide libraries. Both enzymes were shown to catalyze the hydrolysis Of L-Xaa-L-Xaa dipeptides in which the amino acid at the N-terminus Was relatively unimportant. These enzymes were specific for hydrophobic amino acids at the C-terminus. With Cc0300, substrates terminating in isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, and tryptophan were hydrolyzed. The same specificity was observed with Sgx9355e, but this protein was also able to hydrolyze peptides terminating in threonine. Both enzymes were able to hydrolyze N-acetyl and N-formyl derivatives of the hydrophobic amino acids and tripeptides. The best substrates Identified for Cc0300 were L-Ala-L-Leu with k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) values of 37 s(-1) and 1.1 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, and N-formyl-L-Tyr with k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) values of 33 s(-1) and 3.9 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. The best substrate identified for Sgx9355e was L-Ala-L-Phe with k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) values of 0.41 s(-1) and 5.8 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1). The three-dimensional structure of Sgx9355e was determined to a resolution of 2.33 angstrom with L-methionine bound in the active site. The alpha-carboxylate of the methionine is ion-paired to His-237 and also hydrogen bonded to the backbone amide groups of Val-201 and Leu-202. The alpha-amino group of the bound methionine interacts with Asp-328. The structural determinants for Substrate recognition were identified and compared with other enzymes in this superfamily that hydrolyze dipeptides with different specificities. C1 [Kumaran, Desigan; Swaminathan, Subramanyam] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xiang, Dao Feng; Xu, Chengfu; Raushel, Frank M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Brown, Ann C.] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Sauder, J. Michael; Burley, Stephen K.] SGX Pharmaceut, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Swaminathan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM swami@bnl.gov; raushel@tamu.edu RI Raushel, Frank/B-7125-2015 OI Raushel, Frank/0000-0002-5918-3089 FU National Institutes of Health [GM71790, GM74445]; Hackerman Advanced Research Program [010366-0034-2007] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grants GM71790 and GM74445) and the Hackerman Advanced Research Program (010366-0034-2007). NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD JUN 2 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 21 BP 4567 EP 4576 DI 10.1021/bi900453u PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 450PC UT WOS:000266412300015 PM 19358546 ER PT J AU Ehrler, OT Neumark, DM AF Ehrler, Oli T. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Dynamics of Electron Solvation in Molecular Clusters SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; HYDRATED-ELECTRON; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER CLUSTERS; EXCESS ELECTRONS; ACETONITRILE CLUSTERS; RELAXATION DYNAMICS; ANIONS; PHOTODETACHMENT AB Solvated electrons, and hydrated electrons in particular, are important species in condensed phase chemistry, physics, and biology. Many studies have examined the formation mechanism, reactivity, spectroscopy, and dynamics of electrons in aqueous solution and other solvents, leading to a fundamental understanding of the electron-solvent interaction. However, key aspects of Solvated electrons remain controversial, and the interaction between hydrated electrons and water is of central interest. For example, although researchers generally accept that hydrated electrons, e(aq)(-), occupy solvent cavities, another picature suggests that the electron resides in a diffuse orbital localized on a H(3)O radical. In addition, researchers have proposed two physically distinct models for the relaxation mechanism when the electron is excited. These models, formulated to interpret condensed phase experiments, have markedly different time scales for the internal conversion from the excited p state to the grounds state. Studies of negatively charged clusters, such as (H(2)O)(n)(-) and l(-)(H(2)O), offer a complementary perspective for studying aqueous electron solvation. In this Account, we use time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES), a femtosecond pump-probe technique in which mass-selected anions are electronically excited and then photodetached at a series of delay times, to focus on time-resolved dynamics in these and similar species. In (H(2)O)(n)(-), TRPES gives evidence for ultrafast internal conversion in clusters up to n = 100. Extrapolation of these results yields a p-state lifetime of 50 fs in the bulk limit. This is in good agreement with the nonadiabatic solvation model, one of the models proposed for relaxation of e(aq)(-). Similarly, experiments on (MeOH)(n)(-) up to n = 450 give an extrapolated p-state lifetime of 150 fS. TRPES investigations of l(-)(H(2)O)n and l(-)(CH(3)CN)(n) probe a different aspect of electron solvation dynamics. In these experiments, an ultraviolet pump pulse excites the cluster analog of the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) band, ejecting an electron from the iodide into the solvent network. The probe pulse then monitors the solvent response to this excess electron, specifically its stabilization via solvent rearrangement. In l(-)(H(2)O)(n), the iodide sits outside the solvent network, as does the excess electron initially formed by CTTS excitation. However, the iodide in l(-)(CH(3)CN)(n) is internally solvated, and both experimental and theoretical evidence indicate that electrons in (CH(3)CN)(n)- are internally solvated. Hence, these experiments reflect the complex dynamics that ensue when the electron is photodetached within a highly confined solvent cavity. C1 [Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; Ehrler, Oli/B-6215-2008 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0649647]; U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation FX This research is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CHE-0649647 An additional grant from the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. O.T.E is thankful to the Alexander von Humboldt foundation (Germany) for support through a Feodor Lynen fellowship. NR 59 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 42 IS 6 BP 769 EP 777 DI 10.1021/ar800263z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 458UC UT WOS:000267049000009 PM 19361211 ER PT J AU Agard, NJ Bertozzi, CR AF Agard, Nicholas J. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Chemical Approaches To Perturb, Profile, and Perceive Glycans SO ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID GLCNAC-MODIFIED PROTEINS; O-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; SMALL-MOLECULE SWITCH; FREE CLICK CHEMISTRY; SIALYL-LEWIS-X; COPPER-FREE; IN-VIVO; N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE; LECTIN MICROARRAY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Glycosylation is an essential form of post-translational modification that regulates intracellular and extracellular processes. Regrettably, conventional biochemical and genetic methods often fall short for the study of glycans, because their structures are often not precisely defined at the genetic level. To address this deficiency, chemists have developed technologies to perturb glycan biosynthesis, profile their presentation at the systems level, and perceive their spatial distribution. These tools have identified potential disease biomarkers and ways to monitor dynamic changes to the glycome in living organisms. Still, glycosylation remains the underexplored frontier of many biological systems. In this Account, we focus on research in our laboratory that seeks to transform the study of glycan function from a challenge to routine practice. In studies of proteins and nucleic acids, functional studies have often relied on genetic manipulations to perturb structure. Though not directly subject to mutation, we can determine glycan structure-function relationships by synthesizing defined glycoconjugates or by altering natural glycosylation pathways. Chemical syntheses of uniform glycoproteins and polymeric glycoprotein mimics have facilitated the study of individual glycoconjugates in the absence of glycan microheterogeneity. Alternatively, selective inhibition or activation of glycosyltransferases or glycosidases can define the biological roles of the corresponding glycans. Investigators have developed tools including small molecule inhibitors, decoy substrates, and engineered proteins to modify cellular glycans. Current approaches offer a precision approaching that of genetic control. Genomic and proteomic profiling form a basis for biological discovery. Glycans also present a rich matrix of information that adapts rapidly to changing environs. Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses via microarrays and mass spectrometry are beginning to characterize alterations in glycans that correlate with disease. These approaches have already identified several cancer biomarkers. Metabolic labeling can identify recently synthesized glycans and thus directly track glycan dynamics. This approach can highlight changes in physiology or environment and may be more informative than steady-state analyses. Together, glycomic and metabolic labeling techniques provide a comprehensive description of glycosylation as a foundation for hypothesis generation. Direct visualization of proteins via the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its congeners has revolutionized the field of protein dynamics. Similarly, the ability to perceive the spatial organization of glycans could transform our understanding of their role in development, infection, and disease progression. Fluorescent tagging in cultured cells and developing organisms has revealed important insights into the dynamics of these structures during growth and development. These results have highlighted the need for additional imaging probes. C1 [Agard, Nicholas J.; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bertozzi, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, B-84 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crb@berkeley.edu FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM066047, GM58867, GM59907, GM66047, R01 GM058867, R01 GM058867-11, R01 GM059907, R37 GM058867] NR 77 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 9 U2 79 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0001-4842 J9 ACCOUNTS CHEM RES JI Accounts Chem. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 42 IS 6 BP 788 EP 797 DI 10.1021/ar800267j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 458UC UT WOS:000267049000011 PM 19361192 ER PT J AU Juan, ML Plain, J Bachelot, R Royer, P Gray, SK Wiederrecht, GP AF Juan, Mathieu L. Plain, Jerome Bachelot, Renaud Royer, Pascal Gray, Stephen K. Wiederrecht, Gary P. TI Multiscale Model for Photoinduced Molecular Motion in Azo Polymers SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE photoisomerizable azo polymers; nanolithography; molecular motion modeling; mass transport; photochemical imaging; plasmonics ID DIFFRACTION GRATINGS; NUMERICAL-ANALYSIS; PARTICLE METHOD; FILMS; ANISOTROPY AB Light-induced isomerization processes in azobenzene-containing polymers produce mass transport that is of much interest for nanoscale imaging and lithography. Yet, despite the development of numerous models to simulate the mass transport mechanism, no model precisely describes all the experimental observations. We develop a new statistical approach that correctly reproduces light-driven mass motion in azobenzene-containing polymers with a high degree of accuracy. Comparisons with experiments show that our model predicts the nanoscale topographic modifications for many different incident field configurations, including optical near-fields produced by plasmonic structures with complex polarization states. In particular, the model allows the detailed molecular motions that lead to these topographic modifications to be identified. C1 [Juan, Mathieu L.; Plain, Jerome; Bachelot, Renaud; Royer, Pascal] Univ Technol Troyes, CNRS, ICD, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt,FRE 2848, F-10000 Troyes, France. [Gray, Stephen K.; Wiederrecht, Gary P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Plain, J (reprint author), Univ Technol Troyes, CNRS, ICD, Lab Nanotechnol & Instrumentat Opt,FRE 2848, BP 2060, F-10000 Troyes, France. EM jerome.plain@utt.fr RI Plain, Jerome/A-2888-2009; Juan, Mathieu/C-6331-2008; Bachelot, Renaud/M-6888-2015 OI Juan, Mathieu/0000-0002-2740-8001; FU European Social Fund; Conseil General de l'Aube; ANR; Region Champagne-Ardennes [E2007-08052]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors are grateful to C. Hubert for providing us experimental materials for Figure 4. One of the author's PhD research (M.J.) is supported by the European Social Fund and the Conseil General de l'Aube (distric grant). This work was financially supported by the ANR (2007 "photohybrid") and the Region Champagne-Ardennes (projet emergence E2007-08052). Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and work at Argonne National Laboratory were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1573 EP 1579 DI 10.1021/nn900262e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 464UP UT WOS:000267533600035 PM 19438196 ER PT J AU Chan, EJ Welberry, TR Goossens, DJ Heerdegen, AP Beasley, AG Chupas, PJ AF Chan, E. J. Welberry, T. R. Goossens, D. J. Heerdegen, A. P. Beasley, A. G. Chupas, P. J. TI Single-crystal diffuse scattering studies on polymorphs of molecular crystals. I. The room-temperature polymorphs of the drug benzocaine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SCATTERING; MONTE-CARLO MODEL; AUTOMATIC REFINEMENT; DISORDERED CRYSTALS AB The drug benzocaine (ethyl 4-aminobenzoate), commonly used as a local anaesthetic, is a bimorphic solid at room temperature. Form ( I) is monoclinic P2(1)/c, while the metastable form (II) is orthorhombic P2(1)2(1)2(1). Three-dimensional diffuse X-ray scattering data have been collected for the two forms on the 11-ID-B beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Both forms show strong and highly structured diffuse scattering. The data have been interpreted and analysed using Monte Carlo ( MC) modelling on the basis that the scattering is purely thermal in origin and indicates the presence of highly correlated molecular motions. In both forms ( I) and ( II) broad diffuse streaks are observed in the 0kl section which indicate strong longitudinal displacement correlations between molecules in the < 031 > directions, extending over distances of up to 50 A. Streaks extending between Bragg peaks in the hk0 section normal to [100] correspond to correlated motions of chains of molecules extending along a that are linked by N-H center dot center dot center dot O=C hydrogen bonds and which occur together as coplanar ribbon pairs. The main difference between the two forms is in the dynamical behaviour of the ribbon pairs and in particular how they are able to slide relative to each other. While for form (I) a model involving harmonic springs is able to describe the motion satisfactorily, as simple excursions away from the average structure, there is evidence in form (II) of anharmonic effects that are precursors of a phase transition to a new low-temperature phase, form (III), that was subsequently found. C1 [Chan, E. J.; Welberry, T. R.; Goossens, D. J.; Heerdegen, A. P.; Beasley, A. G.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Chupas, P. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Welberry, TR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Chem, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. EM welberry@rsc.anu.edu.au RI Welberry, Thomas/H-7847-2014; OI Welberry, Thomas/0000-0002-6906-9191; Goossens, Darren/0000-0003-0776-2692 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Australian Research Council; Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing; Australian Synchrotron Research Program FX The support of the Australian Research Council, the Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing and the Australian Synchrotron Research Program are gratefully acknowledged. DJG gratefully acknowledges the support of the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering. The authors thank Dr Tony Willis of the Research School of Chemistry for assistance with the collection of the Bragg data and Professor A. D. Rae for helpful discussions. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0108-7681 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B-Struct. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 BP 382 EP 392 DI 10.1107/S0108768109015857 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 447UL UT WOS:000266217300014 PM 19461149 ER PT J AU Fielden, J Kogerler, P AF Fielden, John Kogerler, Paul TI Mn-3(OAc)(6)center dot CH3CN: a porous dehydrated manganese(II) acetate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK; SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; ORDERING TEMPERATURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; DIAMOND FRAMEWORK; GAS SORPTION; FORMATE; DESIGN; MAGNET AB The crystal structure of a new form of dehydrated manganese(II) acetate, poly[[hexa-mu(3)-acetato-trimanganese(II)] acetonitrile solvate], {[Mn-3(CH3COO)(6)]center dot CH3CN}(n), (I), reveals a three-dimensional polymeric structure based on an {Mn-3} trimer. The {Mn-3} asymmetric unit contains three crystallographically independent Mn positions, comprising a seven-coordinate center sharing a mirror plane with a six-coordinate center, and another six-coordinate atom located on an inversion center. Two of the four crystallographically independent acetate (OAc) ligands, as well as the acetonitrile solvent molecule, are also located on the mirror plane. The Mn atoms are connected by a mixture of Mn-O-Mn and Mn OCO -Mn bridging modes, giving rise to face-and corner-sharing interactions between manganese polyhedra within the trimers, and edge-and corner-sharing connections between the trimers. The network contains substantial pores which are tightly filled by crystallographically located acetonitrile molecules. This structure represents the first porous structurally characterized phase of anhydrous manganese(II) acetate and as such it is compared with the closely related densely packed anhydrous manganese(II) acetate phase, solvent-free beta-Mn(OAc)(2). C1 [Fielden, John; Kogerler, Paul] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kogerler, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kogerler@ameslab.gov RI Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0108-2701 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR C JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C-Cryst. Struct. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 BP M224 EP M227 DI 10.1107/S0108270109014693 PN 6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 465VD UT WOS:000267615800004 PM 19498230 ER PT J AU Sukumar, N Dewanti, A Merli, A Rossi, GL Mitra, B Mathews, FS AF Sukumar, Narayanasami Dewanti, Asteriani Merli, Angelo Rossi, Gian Luigi Mitra, Bharati Mathews, F. Scott TI Structures of the G81A mutant form of the active chimera of (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase and its complex with two of its substrates SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPINACH GLYCOLATE OXIDASE; L-LACTATE MONOOXYGENASE; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; SOLUBLE MUTANT; FLAVOCYTOCHROME B(2); CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PROTEIN; BINDING; SPECIFICITY; RESOLUTION AB (S)-Mandelate dehydrogenase (MDH) from Pseudomonas putida, a membrane-associated flavoenzyme, catalyzes the oxidation of (S)-mandelate to benzoylformate. Previously, the structure of a catalytically similar chimera, MDH-GOX2, rendered soluble by the replacement of its membrane-binding segment with the corresponding segment of glycolate oxidase (GOX), was determined and found to be highly similar to that of GOX except within the substituted segments. Subsequent attempts to cocrystallize MDH-GOX2 with substrate proved unsuccessful. However, the G81A mutants of MDH and of MDH-GOX2 displayed similar to 100-fold lower reactivity with substrate and a modestly higher reactivity towards molecular oxygen. In order to understand the effect of the mutation and to identify the mode of substrate binding in MDH-GOX2, a crystallographic investigation of the G81A mutant of the MDH-GOX2 enzyme was initiated. The structures of ligand-free G81A mutant MDH-GOX2 and of its complexes with the substrates 2-hydroxyoctanoate and 2-hydroxy-3-indolelactate were determined at 1.6, 2.5 and 2.2 angstrom resolution, respectively. In the ligand-free G81A mutant protein, a sulfate anion previously found at the active site is displaced by the alanine side chain introduced by the mutation. 2-Hydroxyoctanoate binds in an apparently productive mode for subsequent reaction, while 2-hydroxy-3-indolelactate is bound to the enzyme in an apparently unproductive mode. The results of this investigation suggest that a lowering of the polarity of the flavin environment resulting from the displacement of nearby water molecules caused by the glycine-to-alanine mutation may account for the lowered catalytic activity of the mutant enzyme, which is consistent with the 30 mV lower flavin redox potential. Furthermore, the altered binding mode of the indolelactate substrate may account for its reduced activity compared with octanoate, as observed in the crystalline state. C1 [Mathews, F. Scott] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. [Sukumar, Narayanasami] Cornell Univ, NE CAT, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sukumar, Narayanasami] Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dewanti, Asteriani] Western Carolina Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. [Merli, Angelo; Rossi, Gian Luigi] Univ Parma, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, I-43100 Parma, Italy. [Mitra, Bharati] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Mathews, FS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM mathews@biochem.wustl.edu FU US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-Eng-38]; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources [RR-07707]; NCRR at the National Institutes of Health. Microspectrophotometric [RR-15301] FX We wish to thank Dr Florence Lederer for useful comments and Dr Zhi-wei Chen for computational assistance. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. Use of the BioCARS Sector 14 was supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources under grant No. RR-07707. Use of the NE-CAT 8BM beamline and this work were supported by award RR-15301 from the NCRR at the National Institutes of Health. Microspectrophotometric NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1107/S0907444909010270 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 447UI UT WOS:000266216900004 PM 19465768 ER PT J AU Sauter, NK Zwart, PH AF Sauter, Nicholas K. Zwart, Peter H. TI Autoindexing the diffraction patterns from crystals with a pseudotranslation SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LARGE UNIT CELLS; DATA-COLLECTION; RATIONAL DEPENDENCE; ALGORITHM; SYMMETRY; IMAGES AB Rotation photographs can be readily indexed if enough candidate Bragg spots are identified to properly sample the reciprocal lattice. However, while automatic indexing algorithms are widely used for macromolecular data processing, they can produce incorrect results in special situations where a subset of Bragg spots is systematically overlooked. This is a potential outcome in cases where a noncrystallographic translational symmetry operator closely mimics an exact crystallographic translation. In these cases, a visual inspection of the diffraction image will reveal alternating strong and weak reflections. However, reliable detection of the weak-intensity reflections by software requires a systematic search for a diffraction signal targeted at specific reciprocal-space locations calculated a priori by considering all possible pseudo-translations. Care must be exercised to distinguish between true lattice diffraction and spurious signals contributed by neighboring overlapping Bragg spots, non-Bragg diffraction and noise. Such procedures have been implemented within the autoindexing program LABELIT and applied to known cases from publicly available data sets. Routine use of this type of signal search adds only a few seconds to the typical run time for autoindexing. The program can be downloaded from http://cci.lbl.gov/labelit. C1 [Sauter, Nicholas K.; Zwart, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sauter, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nksauter@lbl.gov RI Sauter, Nicholas/K-3430-2012 FU DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIH/NIGMS [1R01GM77071, Y1GM906411] FX We thank Ashley Deacon ( Joint Center for Structural Genomics) for creating the unique archive of full data sets from published JCSG structures. Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve and Paul Adams ( Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) provided invaluable collaboration, aiding our software development. This work was supported in part by DOE contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and was principally funded by NIH/NIGMS grant No. 1R01GM77071. PHZ was supported in part by NIH/NIGMS grant No. Y1GM906411. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 BP 553 EP 559 DI 10.1107/S0907444909010725 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 447UI UT WOS:000266216900005 PM 19465769 ER PT J AU Adams, PD Mustyakimov, M Afonine, PV Langan, P AF Adams, Paul D. Mustyakimov, Marat Afonine, Pavel V. Langan, Paul TI Generalized X-ray and neutron crystallographic analysis: more accurate and complete structures for biological macromolecules SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION DATA; SOFTWARE AB X-ray and neutron crystallographic techniques provide complementary information on the structure and function of biological macromolecules. X-ray and neutron (XN) crystallographic data have been combined in a joint structure-refinement procedure that has been developed using recent advances in modern computational methodologies, including cross-validated maximum-likelihood target functions with gradient-based optimization and simulated annealing. The XN approach for complete (including hydrogen) macromolecular structure analysis provides more accurate and complete structures, as demonstrated for diisopropyl fluorophosphatase, photoactive yellow protein and human aldose reductase. Furthermore, this method has several practical advantages, including the easier determination of the orientation of water molecules, hydroxyl groups and some amino-acid side chains. C1 [Mustyakimov, Marat; Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Adams, Paul D.; Afonine, Pavel V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM langan_paul@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM071939-01]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by an NIH-NIGMS-funded consortium (1R01GM071939-01) between Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to develop computational tools for neutron protein crystallography. This work was partially supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 27 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1107/S0907444909011548 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 447UI UT WOS:000266216900007 PM 19465771 ER PT J AU Terwilliger, TC Adams, PD Read, RJ Mccoy, AJ Moriarty, NW Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Afonine, PV Zwart, PH Hung, LW AF Terwilliger, Thomas C. Adams, Paul D. Read, Randy J. McCoy, Airlie J. Moriarty, Nigel W. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Afonine, Pavel V. Zwart, Peter H. Hung, Li-Wei TI Decision-making in structure solution using Bayesian estimates of map quality: the PHENIX AutoSol wizard SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID ANGSTROM RESOLUTION REVEALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; STATISTICAL DENSITY MODIFICATION; HEAVY-ATOM SUBSTRUCTURES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT AB Estimates of the quality of experimental maps are important in many stages of structure determination of macromolecules. Map quality is defined here as the correlation between a map and the corresponding map obtained using phases from the final refined model. Here, ten different measures of experimental map quality were examined using a set of 1359 maps calculated by re-analysis of 246 solved MAD, SAD and MIR data sets. A simple Bayesian approach to estimation of map quality from one or more measures is presented. It was found that a Bayesian estimator based on the skewness of the density values in an electron-density map is the most accurate of the ten individual Bayesian estimators of map quality examined, with a correlation between estimated and actual map quality of 0.90. A combination of the skewness of electron density with the local correlation of r.m.s. density gives a further improvement in estimating map quality, with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.92. The PHENIX AutoSol wizard carries out automated structure solution based on any combination of SAD, MAD, SIR or MIR data sets. The wizard is based on tools from the PHENIX package and uses the Bayesian estimates of map quality described here to choose the highest quality solutions after experimental phasing. C1 [Terwilliger, Thomas C.; Hung, Li-Wei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Adams, Paul D.; Moriarty, Nigel W.; Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W.; Afonine, Pavel V.; Zwart, Peter H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Read, Randy J.; McCoy, Airlie J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Haematol, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM terwilliger@lanl.gov RI Read, Randy/L-1418-2013; Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Read, Randy/0000-0001-8273-0047; Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Hung, Li-Wei/0000-0001-6690-8458 FU NIH [1P01 GM063210]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Wellcome Trust (UK) FX The authors would like to thank the NIH Protein Structure Initiative for generous support of the PHENIX project (1P01 GM063210). This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. RJR is supported by a Principal Research Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (UK). The authors are grateful to the Joint Center for Structural Genomics for making raw data available at http://www.jcsg.org and to the many researchers who contributed their data to the PHENIX structure library. The worksheets used to generate the figures and the data and scripts used to calculate the values in the figures and tables are available at http://solve.lanl.gov/pub/solve/scoring_2009. NR 94 TC 269 Z9 270 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 BP 582 EP 601 DI 10.1107/S0907444909012098 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 447UI UT WOS:000266216900009 PM 19465773 ER PT J AU Toth, M Vakulenko, SB Smith, CA AF Toth, Marta Vakulenko, Sergei B. Smith, Clyde A. TI Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the beta-lactamase Oih-1 from Oceanobacillus iheyensis SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN CRYSTALS; SOLVENT CONTENT; IHEYA RIDGE; RESOLUTION; ANTIBIOTICS; RESISTANCE; SYMMETRY AB Bacterial resistance to the beta-lactam family of antibiotics is primarily the result of the deactivation of the drugs by beta-lactamase enzymes. The gene encoding the proficient beta-lactamase Oih-1 from the alkaliphilic and halotolerant Gram-positive bacterium Oceanobacillus iheyensis has been cloned and the mature wild-type protein (comprising 274 amino-acid residues) has been expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified to homogeneity. Oih-1 crystallized in two crystal forms both belonging to the trigonal space group P3(1)21 but with distinctly different unit-cell parameters. Synchrotron diffraction data were collected to high resolution (1.65-1.75 angstrom) from both crystal forms on beamlines BL7-1 and BL11-1 at SSRL (Stanford, California, USA). C1 [Smith, Clyde A.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Toth, Marta; Vakulenko, Sergei B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Smith, CA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM csmith@slac.stanford.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI057393]; National Center for Research Resources [5 P41 RR001209]; US Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX This work was supported by grant No. AI057393 from the National Institutes of Health (SBV) and by grant No. 5 P41 RR001209 from the National Center for Research Resources (SSRL). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy (BES, BER) and by the National Institutes of Health (NCRR, BTP, NIGMS). The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 65 BP 582 EP 585 DI 10.1107/S1744309109015759 PN 6 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 451DY UT WOS:000266452100010 PM 19478436 ER PT J AU Lapovok, R Tomus, D Mang, J Estrin, Y Lowe, TC AF Lapovok, R. Tomus, D. Mang, J. Estrin, Y. Lowe, T. C. TI Evolution of nanoscale porosity during equal-channel angular pressing of titanium SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanoscale porosity; Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP); Back pressure; Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS); Ultrafine-grained titanium ID SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED MATERIALS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; BACK-PRESSURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; EXTRUSION; CAVITATION; DIFFUSION AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) analysis and transmission electron microscopy evidence suggest the occurrence of nanoscale porosity in commercial-purity titanium processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). SANS data were produced at two different facilities (GKSS, Germany; and Los Alamos, USA) and were analysed using three different methods. The results are consistent and yield a conclusive Picture of the distribution of the scattering centres, which are believed to be associated with nanoporosity. Back pressure applied during ECAP tends to reduce the average pore size, which also depends on the processing route used. The results of the study strongly suggest that ECAP leaves a footprint in titanium in the form of a population of polydispersed nanovoids, which may play an important role in subsequent processing of the material. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lapovok, R.; Tomus, D.; Estrin, Y.] Monash Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Estrin, Y.] CSIRO, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Mang, J.; Lowe, T. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lapovok, R (reprint author), Monash Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Design Light Met, Dept Mat Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM rimma.lapovok@eng.monash.edu.au NR 26 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2909 EP 2918 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.02.042 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 452CY UT WOS:000266518600005 ER PT J AU Launey, ME Munch, E Alsem, DH Barth, HB Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Ritchie, RO AF Launey, M. E. Munch, E. Alsem, D. H. Barth, H. B. Saiz, E. Tomsia, A. P. Ritchie, R. O. TI Designing highly toughened hybrid composites through nature-inspired hierarchical complexity SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Ceramics; Composites; Toughness; Casting ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE MECHANISM; HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; SILICON-CARBIDE; CRACK-GROWTH; MATERIALS SCIENCE; POROUS CERAMICS; TOUGHNESS; NACRE; ALUMINA; QUANTIFICATION AB The notion of replicating the unique fracture resistance of natural composites in synthetic materials has generated much interest but has yielded few real technological advances. Here we demonstrate how using ice-templated structures, the concept of hierarchical design can be applied to conventional compounds such as alumina and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to make bulk hybrid materials that display exceptional toughness that can be nearly 300 times higher (in energy terms) than either of their constituents. These toughnesses far surpass what can be expected from a simple "rule of mixtures"; for a similar to 80% A(2)O(3)-PMMA material, we achieve a K(Jc) fracture toughness above 30 MPa m(1/2) at a tensile strength of similar to 200 MPa. Indeed, in terms of specific strength and toughness, these properties for alumina-based ceramics are Lit best comparable to those of metallic aluminum alloys. The approach is flexible and can be readily translated to multiple material combinations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Barth, H. B.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Launey, M. E.; Munch, E.; Alsem, D. H.; Saiz, E.; Tomsia, A. P.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alsem, D. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barth, H. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Expt Syst Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RORitchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the assistance of the X-ray microtomography beamline (8.3.2) at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The authors also thank Prof. Daryl Chrzan and Mark Jhon for many helpful discussions, and Dr. Mary Laura Lind and Prof. William L. Johnson at the California Institute of Technology for the elasticity measurements. NR 60 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 15 U2 111 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2919 EP 2932 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.03.003 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 452CY UT WOS:000266518600006 ER PT J AU Orlovskaya, N Lugovy, M Carpenter, C Pathak, S Steinmetz, D Lara-Curzio, E Klemenz, C Radovic, M AF Orlovskaya, Nina Lugovy, Mykola Carpenter, Cassandra Pathak, Siddhartha Steinmetz, David Lara-Curzio, Edgar Klemenz, Christine Radovic, Miladin TI On thermal and vibrational properties of LaGaO3 single crystals SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Perovskite; Phase transition; Thermal expansion; Raman spectroscopy ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; LANTHANUM GALLATE; ORTHORHOMBIC LAGAO3; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE; SODIUM NIOBATE; PEROVSKITE; PRESSURE; RAMAN AB The thermal expansion and vibrational properties of [100] and [001]LaGaO3 single crystals have been studied by thermal mechanical analysis and micro-Raman spectroscopy. A first-order orthorhombic to rhombohedral phase transition has been confirmed by both techniques, as well as by in situ heating using optical microscopy. The appearance of a metastable intermediate phase, tentatively assigned as monoclinic, has been detected both by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy upon heating of the [100] and [001] LaGaO3 single crystals. Not only temperature, but the stress-induced orthorhombic to rhombohedral phase transition has also been detected by Raman mapping of the residual impression made by Vickers indentation. The position map of bands belonging to the lower-temperature/pressure orthorhombic and the higher-temperature/pressure rhombohedral phase show that the rhombohedral phase is located inside the impression, where the applied indentation stresses are the highest, whereas no rhombohedral phase is detected Outside the impression, where the Surface has not been altered by contact stresses. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Orlovskaya, Nina; Lugovy, Mykola; Carpenter, Cassandra] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Pathak, Siddhartha; Steinmetz, David] Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lara-Curzio, Edgar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Klemenz, Christine] Univ Cent Florida, Adv Mat Proc & Anal Ctr, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Radovic, Miladin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Orlovskaya, N (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM norlovsk@mail.ucf.edu FU NSF, DMR [0201770]; Department of Energy's Faculty and Student Team program; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-AC-05-00OR22725]; SURA-ORNL (Oak Ridge National Lab) Summer Cooperative Research Program FX This research was supported by NSF, DMR (Project No. 0201770) and in part by an appointment to the Department of Energy's Faculty and Student Team program. This re-search was also supported in part by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies, as a part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC-05-00OR22725. S.P. was supported by 2005 SURA-ORNL (Oak Ridge National Lab) Summer Cooperative Research Program scholarship for this research. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 10 BP 2984 EP 2992 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.03.002 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 452CY UT WOS:000266518600011 ER PT J AU Millett, PC Wang, YU AF Millett, Paul C. Wang, Yu U. TI Diffuse interface field approach to modeling and simulation of self-assembly of charged colloidal particles of various shapes and sizes SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Phase field modeling; Diffuse interface field approach; Colloidal processing; Self-assembly ID PHASE-DIAGRAM; CRYSTALS; SUSPENSIONS; GROWTH; SYSTEM AB A novel mesoscale simulation approach to modeling the collective interactions of charged colloidal particles allowing investigation of complex self-assembly processes is presented. Diffuse interface field variables are used to describe the shape, size, location and orientation of each individual particle within the computational domain. In addition, these field variables are used to determine the spatially resolved particle charge density distributions as well as the Magnitude and direction of the electric field throughout the medium. Individual particle positions and rotations are updated in time as a result Of long-range electrostatic and short-range repulsive forces and torques. Illustrative results of the model's capability to evolve both monodisperse and binary distributions of charged particles Of various shapes and charge characteristics are presented. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Millett, Paul C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Wang, Yu U.] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Millett, PC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Millett@inl.gov FU [NSF-DMR-0705947] FX The Computer simulations were performed on the INL high-performance computing cluster, Icestorm. Y.U.W. gratefully acknowledges financial support from contract NSF-DMR-0705947. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 10 BP 3101 EP 3109 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.03.016 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 452CY UT WOS:000266518600023 ER PT J AU Qian, Z Chumbley, LS Misra, S Miller, G Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Ahn, K Chernyshov, AS Singh, NK AF Qian, Z. Chumbley, L. S. Misra, S. Miller, G. Pecharsky, V. K. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. Ahn, K. Chernyshov, A. S. Singh, N. K. TI Electron microscopy examination of R5T4 alloys, where R = Ho, Yb and Gd, and T = Si, Ge, Ga and Sb SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Scanning electron microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy; Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; Rare-earth; Microstructure ID RARE EARTH-GERMANIUM; SILICON COMPOUNDS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; GD-5(SI2GE2); PLATES AB Optical and electron micrographs reveal that R-5(SixGe1-x)(3)-type Compounds, existing as thin plates, are prevalent in R-5(Si-x,Ge1-x)(4) compound systems. The purpose of this research is an attempt to improve understanding of the formation of these thin plates by extending microstructural examination to other R5(Si,Gel,)4 systems where formation of R5(Si,Gel,)3 compounds may face additional constraints. Ho-5(Si0.8Ge0.2)(4), Ho5Ge4, Yb5Ge4, Gd5Ge3.5Sb0.5, Gd5Ge3Ga and Gd5Ge3Sn alloys were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. R-5(SixGe1-x)(3)-type thin plates were observed in all alloys Studied except for the Sb substituted system, which may be related to deviation of the valence electron concentration from normal R-5(SixGe1-x)(4) systems. Calculations of lattice misfit based on various assumptions indicate that the formation of thin plates is less sensitive to small lattice distortion than initially believed, and also appears fairly insensitive to slight composition variations. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Qian, Z.; Chumbley, L. S.; Misra, S.; Miller, G.; Pecharsky, V. K.; Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.; Ahn, K.; Chernyshov, A. S.; Singh, N. K.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Qian, Z.; Chumbley, L. S.; Misra, S.; Miller, G.; Pecharsky, V. K.; Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.; Ahn, K.; Chernyshov, A. S.; Singh, N. K.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Qian, Z (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 206 Wilhelm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM zyqian@iastate.edu FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division FX This work was carried out at the Ames Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the US Department of Energy. This research was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science Division. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 11 BP 3374 EP 3381 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.03.044 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 465YT UT WOS:000267627500025 ER PT J AU Pride, SR Berryman, JG AF Pride, Steven R. Berryman, James G. TI Goddard rattler-jamming mechanism for quantifying pressure dependence of elastic moduli of grain packs SO ACTA MECHANICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Engineering-Science CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL SP Soc Engn Sci HO Univ Illinois Urbana-Champaign ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; ASSEMBLIES; SPHERES; STRESS AB An analysis is presented to show how it is possible for unconsolidated granular packings to obey overall non-Hertzian pressure dependence due to the imperfect and random spatial arrangements of the grains in these packs. With imperfect arrangement, some gaps that remain between grains can be closed by strains applied to the grain packing. As these gaps are closed, former rattler grains become jammed and new stress-bearing contacts are created that increase the elastic stiffness of the packing. By allowing for such a mechanism, detailed analytical expressions are obtained for increases in bulk modulus of a random packing of grains with increasing stress and strain. Only isotropic stress and strain are considered in this analysis. The model is shown to give a favorable fit to laboratory data on variations in bulk modulus due to variations in applied pressure for bead packs. C1 [Pride, Steven R.; Berryman, James G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srpride@lbl.gov; jgberryman@lbl.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0001-5970 J9 ACTA MECH JI Acta Mech. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 205 IS 1-4 BP 185 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s00707-009-0164-5 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 445RZ UT WOS:000266070500014 ER PT J AU Bian, WM Zhu, YM Zhou, L AF Bian Weimin Zhu Yimei Zhou Lian TI DETERMINATION OF SPACE GROUP OF INCOMMENSURATE MODULATION STRUCTURE PHASES IN Bi HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS SO ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA LA Chinese DT Article DE Bi high temperature superconductor; convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED); Bi-2212 phase; Bi-2223 phase; incommensurate modulation structure; space group ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; CONVERGENT-BEAM; SYMMETRY; REFINEMENT; IMAGE AB The investigation of microstructures of the Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 phases in Bi high temperature superconductors is very significant for improving technology of production and researching superconducting properties and mechanisms. The determination of space groups for the Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 phases is a key problem, which is very complicated because of their incommensurate modulation structures. The supercell structures of the Bi-2212 and Bi-2223 phases with incommensurate modulation structures were determined by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). The point group of the supercell of the Bi-2212 phase with type A modulation structure is 2mm, its space group is 12mm. The point, group of the supercell of the Bi-2223 phase with type B modulation structure is mmm, its space group is Ibmm. The effects of the rocking curve for the symmetries of CBED patterns were discussed according to experimental results. The simulation results of CBED patterns for the Bi-2212 phase confirmed the symmetries of CBED patterns to be the symmetries of the supercell with modulation structure, but not to be the symmetries of the subcell structure. C1 [Bian Weimin] Northeastern Univ, Res Inst, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Zhu Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zhou Lian] NW Inst Nonferrous Met Res, Xian 710016, Peoples R China. RP Bian, WM (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Res Inst, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. EM bian_weimin2003@yahoo.com.cn FU US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-76CH00016] FX Supported by US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Office of Basic Energy Science (No.DE-AC02-76CH00016) NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0412-1961 J9 ACTA METALL SIN JI Acta Metall. Sin. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 6 BP 673 EP 679 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 475LF UT WOS:000268359700006 ER PT J AU Matzen, MK Atherton, BW Cuneo, ME Donovan, GL Hall, CA Herrmann, M Kiefer, ML Leeper, RJ Leifeste, GT Long, FW Mckee, GR Mehlhorn, TA Porter, JL Schneider, LX Struve, KW Stygar, WA Weinbrecht, EA AF Matzen, M. K. Atherton, B. W. Cuneo, M. E. Donovan, G. L. Hall, C. A. Herrmann, M. Kiefer, M. L. Leeper, R. J. Leifeste, G. T. Long, F. W. Mckee, G. R. Mehlhorn, T. A. Porter, J. L. Schneider, L. X. Struve, K. W. Stygar, W. A. Weinbrecht, E. A. TI The Refurbished Z Facility: Capabilities and Recent Experiments SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euro-Asian Pulsed Power Conf/4th European Pulsed Power Symp/7th Int Symp Pulsed Power and Plasma Applicat/5th Pulsed Power Applicat Symp/IET Pulsed Power Symp CY SEP 22-26, 2008 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA SP Int Soc Pulsed Power Applicat, Semicond Phys Inst Vilnius, German French Res Inst St Louis, Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ AB The Z Refurbishment Project was completed in September 2007. Prior to the shutdown of the Z facility in July 2006 to install the new hardware, it provided currents of <= 20 MA to produce energetic, intense X-ray sources (approximate to 1.6 MJ, > 200 TW) for performing high energy density science experiments and to produce high magnetic fields and pressures for performing dynamic material property experiments. The refurbishment project doubled the stored energy within the existing tank structure and replaced older components with modern, conventional technology and systems that were designed to drive both short-pulse Z-pinch implosions and long-pulse dynamic material property experiments. The project goals were to increase the delivered current for additional performance capability, improve overall precision and pulse shape flexibility for better reproducibility and data quality, and provide the capacity to perform more shots. Experiments over the past year have been devoted to bringing the facility up to full operating capabilities and implementing a refurbished suite of diagnostics. In addition, we have enhanced our X-ray backlighting diagnostics through the addition of a two-frame capability to the Z-Beamlet system and the addition of a high power laser (Z-Petawatt). In this paper, we will summarize the changes made to the Z facility, highlight the new capabilities, and discuss the results of some of the early experiments. C1 [Matzen, M. K.; Atherton, B. W.; Cuneo, M. E.; Donovan, G. L.; Hall, C. A.; Herrmann, M.; Kiefer, M. L.; Leeper, R. J.; Leifeste, G. T.; Long, F. W.; Mckee, G. R.; Mehlhorn, T. A.; Porter, J. L.; Schneider, L. X.; Struve, K. W.; Stygar, W. A.; Weinbrecht, E. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Matzen, MK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mkmatze@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JUN PY 2009 VL 115 IS 6 BP 956 EP 958 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 474QK UT WOS:000268298900003 ER PT J AU Oliver, BV Hahn, K Johnston, MD Portillo, S AF Oliver, B. V. Hahn, K. Johnston, M. D. Portillo, S. TI Advances in High Intensity e-Beam Diode Development for Flash X-Ray Radiography SO ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euro-Asian Pulsed Power Conf/4th European Pulsed Power Symp/7th Int Symp Pulsed Power and Plasma Applicat/5th Pulsed Power Applicat Symp/IET Pulsed Power Symp CY SEP 22-26, 2008 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA SP Int Soc Pulsed Power Applicat, Semicond Phys Inst Vilnius, German French Res Inst St Louis, Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ ID ROD-PINCH DIODE AB Recent experiments at Sandia National Laboratories have demonstrated an electron beam diode X-ray source capable of producing > 350 rad at one meter with 1.7 mm FWHM X-ray source distribution, with a 50 ns pulse-width and X-ray photon endpoint energy spectrum in the 6-7 MeV range. The diode operates at current densities of approximate to 1 MA/cm(2). The intense electron beam rapidly (approximate to 5 ns) heats the X-ray conversion anode/target, liberating material in the form of low density ion emission early in the pulse and high density plasma later. This environment gives rise to beam/plasma collective effects which dominate the diode and beam characteristics, affecting the radiation properties (dose and spot-size). A review of the diode operation, the measured source characteristics and the simulation methods and diagnostics used to guide its optimization is given. C1 [Oliver, B. V.; Hahn, K.; Johnston, M. D.; Portillo, S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Oliver, BV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM bvolive@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES INST PHYSICS PI WARSAW PA AL LOTNIKOW 32-46, PL-02-668 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0587-4246 J9 ACTA PHYS POL A JI Acta Phys. Pol. A PD JUN PY 2009 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1044 EP 1046 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 474QK UT WOS:000268298900032 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Braun, A AF Allen, Andrew J. Ilavsky, Jan Braun, Artur TI Multi-scale Microstructure Characterization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Assemblies With Ultra Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ANODE; SOFC; CERMET; SULFUR C1 [Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Braun, Artur] Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Bldg 223,Room B206,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.allen@nist.gov; ilavsky@aps.anl.gov; artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 FU European Union [SES6-CT-2003-502612]; Marie Curie Actions [MIRG-CT-2006-042095]; Swiss Competence Center for Energy Mobility [CCEM-705]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We arc grateful to Dr. Josef Sfeir, Hexis Ltd. for discussions and providing the SOFC samples, Dr. Christian Soltmann, Empa, for the ceramographic preparation for USAXS, and to Dipl.-Ing. Peter Ried and Roland Bachtold, both Empa, for the optical and scanning electron micrographs, and Dr. Peter Holtappels for fruitful discussions in this project. A.B. is grateful for financial support by the European Union with the Real-SOFC project # contract # SES6-CT-2003-502612 and Marie Curie Actions # MIRG-CT-2006-042095, and by the Swiss Competence Center for Energy & Mobility, project # CCEM-705. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 495 EP 501 DI 10.1002/adem.200800357 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 468VW UT WOS:000267853400012 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Corporan, E DeWitt, MJ Landgraf, B AF Cheng, Meng-Dawn Corporan, Edwin DeWitt, Matthew J. Landgraf, Bradley TI Emissions of Volatile Particulate Components from Turboshaft Engines Operated with JP-8 and Fischer-Tropsch Fuels SO AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aircraft; Engine particles; Fischer-Tropsch; JP-8; SMPS ID AEROSOL; AIRCRAFT; EXHAUST; PARTICLES; SUMMER; SULFUR; SINGLE; EC AB Particulate emissions from two types of helicopter turboshaft engines operated with military JP-8 and paraffinic Fischer-Tropsch ( FT) fuels were characterized as an objective of the field campaign held at the Hunter Army Airfield in Savannah, GA in June 2007. In general helicopter engines exhaust particles size distributions observed at the engine nozzle and 4.14 m downstream locations showing the geometric mean diameters smaller than 50 nm for all engine power settings investigated in this study. For both locations, the geometric mean diameter increased as the engine power setting increased; this trend also holds true for the emitted particle number concentration. The growth of particle geometric mean diameter was found significant, 7 nm, only in the case of the idle power setting. Sulfur-to-sulfate conversion was found to be independent of the engine power setting. Emissions of both sulfur and sulfate increased as the engine power increased. When JP-8 fuel was used, particles smaller than 7 nm were found to increase in samples taken at the downstream location. The number concentration in this tail increased as the power setting increased. No such observation was found when FT fuel was used implying that the increased formation of nuclei particles in the plume downstream was likely to be caused by the sulfur and aromatic compounds in the JP-8 fuel. Total particulate carbon emissions increased as the engine power setting increased. Use of FT fuel reduced the elemental carbon emissions as it compared to the JP-8 fuel, and organic carbon emission at idle power but not at the higher powers. The reduction of elemental carbon by the FT fuel was attributed to the absence of aromatics ( soot precursors) in the fuel. The OC/EC ratio was found to be in the range of 3-50 depending on the engine power setting. The aircraft emitted OC/EC was found to decrease as the engine power increased. C1 [Cheng, Meng-Dawn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Corporan, Edwin] Wright Patterson AF Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. [DeWitt, Matthew J.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Landgraf, Bradley] Allegheny Coll, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chengmd@ornl.gov RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAIWAN ASSOC AEROSOL RES-TAAR PI TAICHUNG COUNTY PA CHAOYANG UNIV TECH, DEPT ENV ENG & MGMT, PROD CTR AAQR, NO 168, JIFONG E RD, WUFONG TOWNSHIP, TAICHUNG COUNTY, 41349, TAIWAN SN 1680-8584 J9 AEROSOL AIR QUAL RES JI Aerosol Air Qual. Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 2 BP 237 EP 256 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 487GR UT WOS:000269260500006 ER PT J AU Campisi, J Yaswen, P AF Campisi, Judith Yaswen, Paul TI Aging and cancer cell biology, 2009 SO AGING CELL LA English DT Article DE DNA damage response; FOXO transcription factors; inflammation; longevity; p53; PI3 kinases; sirtuins; telomeres; tumor suppression ID GENOME MAINTENANCE; DEACETYLASE SIRT1; MICE; SENESCENCE; TELOMERES; TUMORIGENESIS; GROWTH; DAMAGE; LONGEVITY AB Cancer is an age-related disease in organisms with renewable tissues. A malignant tumor arises in part from genomic damage, which can also drive age-related degeneration. However, cancer differs from many age-related degenerative diseases in that it entails gain-of-function changes that confer new (albeit aberrant) properties on cells, resulting in vigorous cell proliferation and survival. Nonetheless, interventions that delay age-related degeneration - for example, caloric restriction or dampened insulin/IGF-1 signaling - often also delay cancer. How then is the development of cancer linked to aging? The answer to this question is complex, as suggested by recent findings. This Hot Topic review discusses some of these findings, including how genomic damage might alter cellular properties without conferring mutations, and how some genes that regulate lifespan in organisms that lack renewable tissues might affect the development of cancer in mammals. C1 [Campisi, Judith] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Campisi, Judith; Yaswen, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Buck Inst Age Res, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945 USA. EM jcampisi@buckinstitute.org NR 34 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1474-9718 J9 AGING CELL JI Aging Cell PD JUN PY 2009 VL 8 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00475.x PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 450RE UT WOS:000266417700001 PM 19627264 ER PT J AU Rice, OV Schonhar, D Rubel, K Piyis, YK Volkow, ND Thanos, PK AF Rice, O. V. Schonhar, D. Rubel, K. Piyis, Y. K. Volkow, N. D. Thanos, P. K. TI THE EFFECTS OF ACUTE VERSUS CHRONIC ETHANOL BINGE DRINKING ON BRAIN GLUCOSE UTILIZATION IN MICE LACKING THE CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR (CB1) SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 [Rice, O. V.; Schonhar, D.; Rubel, K.] Furman Univ, Dept Psychol & Neurosci, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. [Piyis, Y. K.; Thanos, P. K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Volkow, N. D.; Thanos, P. K.] NIH, Intramural NIAAA Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 76A EP 76A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 449MQ UT WOS:000266335100264 ER PT J AU Delis, F Xenos, M Grandy, DK Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Thanos, PK AF Delis, F. Xenos, M. Grandy, D. K. Wang, G. J. Volkow, N. D. Thanos, P. K. TI EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTAKE AND DOPAMINE D2 GENE EXPRESSION ON BRAIN ANATOMY: AN IN-VIVO MRI SHAPE AND VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE MOUSE BRAIN SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 [Delis, F.; Wang, G. J.; Thanos, P. K.] BNL, Behav Neuropharm & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Xenos, M.] Stony Brook U, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Grandy, D. K.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Phys & Pharm, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Volkow, N. D.; Thanos, P. K.] NIAAA, Lab Neuroimaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 86A EP 86A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 449MQ UT WOS:000266335100303 ER PT J AU Hamre, KM Mittleman, G Cook, M Blaha, CD Ansah, T Philip, VM Chesler, EJ Goldowitz, D AF Hamre, K. M. Mittleman, G. Cook, M. Blaha, C. D. Ansah, T. Philip, V. M. Chesler, E. J. Goldowitz, D. TI PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF THE EXPANDED BXD RI LINES OF MICE FOR ALCOHOL- AND OTHER ADDICTION-RELATED TRAITS SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Tenn, Sys Gen Grp, Bio Div, ORNL, Knoxville, TN USA. Univ Tenn, Gen Sci & Tech Prog, Knoxville, TN USA. UBC, CMMT, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 271A EP 271A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 449MQ UT WOS:000266335101034 ER PT J AU Philip, VM Cook, M Hamre, K Mittleman, G Ansah, T Blaha, C Goldowitz, D Chesler, EJ AF Philip, V. M. Cook, M. Hamre, K. Mittleman, G. Ansah, T. Blaha, C. Goldowitz, D. Chesler, E. J. TI MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF MOUSE BEHAVIOR FOR GENETIC ANALYSIS SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research-Society-on-Alcoholism CY JUN 20-24, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP Res Soc Alcoholism C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. U Tenn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. U Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. U Tenn, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. U British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 6 BP 271A EP 271A PG 1 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 449MQ UT WOS:000266335101035 ER PT J AU Smith, BW Kay, VS Hoyt, TV Bernard, ML AF Smith, Bruce W. Kay, Virginia S. Hoyt, Timothy V. Bernard, Michael L. TI Predicting the anticipated emotional and behavioral responses to an avian flu outbreak SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; RESILIENCE; ABILITY AB Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a model to predict the emotional and behavioral responses to an avian flu outbreak. Methods: The participants were 289 university students ranging in age, income, and ethnic backgrounds. They were presented with scenarios describing avian flu outbreaks affecting their community. They reported their anticipated emotional responses (positive emotion, negative emotion) and behavioral responses (helping, avoidance, sacrifice, illegal behavior) as if the scenarios were actually occurring. They also were assessed on individual differences expected to predict their responses. Results: Participants were only modestly familiar with the avian flu and anticipated strong emotional and behavioral responses to an outbreak. Path analyses were conducted to test a model for predicting responses. The model showed that age, sex, income, spirituality, resilience, and neuroticism were related to responses. Spirituality, resilience, and income predicted better emotional responses, and neuroticism and female sex predicted worse emotional responses. Age, sex, income, and spirituality had direct effects on behavior. The emotional responses were directly related to each behavior and mediated the effects of individual differences. Conclusion: Emotional responses may be important in predicting behavior after an outbreak of avian flu, and personal characteristics may predict both emotional and behavioral responses. Copyright (C) 2009 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. (Am J Infect Control 2009;37:371-80.) C1 [Smith, Bruce W.; Kay, Virginia S.; Hoyt, Timothy V.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bernard, Michael L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, BW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Psychol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bwsmith@unm.edu NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 5 BP 371 EP 380 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.08.007 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 454YV UT WOS:000266722200005 PM 19121548 ER PT J AU Ghajar, CM Meier, R Bissell, MJ AF Ghajar, Cyrus M. Meier, Roland Bissell, Mina J. TI Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodies Who Watches the Watchmen? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BREAST-CANCER; MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS; STROMAL FIBROBLASTS; MAMMARY MESENCHYME; TUMOR PROGRESSION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MICROENVIRONMENT; CAVEOLIN-1; GROWTH C1 [Ghajar, Cyrus M.; Meier, Roland; Bissell, Mina J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MJBissell@lbl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA112970, R01 CA057621, R01 CA064786, U54 CA126552] NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 174 IS 6 BP 1996 EP 1999 DI 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090363 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 449ZT UT WOS:000266370600003 PM 19465642 ER PT J AU Jackson, BP Pace, H Lanzirotti, A Smith, R Ranville, JF AF Jackson, Brian P. Pace, Heather E. Lanzirotti, Antonio Smith, Randy Ranville, James F. TI Synchrotron X-ray 2D and 3D elemental imaging of CdSe/ZnS quantum dot nanoparticles in Daphnia magna SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Quantum dots; Synchrotron XRF; Elemental imaging; Tomography ID CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; TOXICITY; ZINC; CYTOTOXICITY; SENSITIVITY; ORGANELLE; BACTERIA; SELENIUM; CELLS AB The potential toxicity of nanoparticles to aquatic organisms is of interest given that increased commercialization will inevitably lead to some instances of inadvertent environmental exposures. Cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) capped with zinc sulfide are used in the semiconductor industry and in cellular imaging. Their small size (< 10 nm) suggests that they may be readily assimilated by exposed organisms. We exposed Daphnia magna to both red and green QDs and used synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to study the distribution of Zn and Se in the organism over a time period of 36 h. The QDs appeared to be confined to the gut, and there was no evidence of further assimilation into the organism. Zinc and Se fluorescence signals were highly correlated, suggesting that the QDs had not dissolved to any extent. There was no apparent difference between red or green QDs, i.e., there was no effect of QD size. 3D tomography confirmed that the QDs were exclusively in the gut area of the organism. It is possible that the QDs aggregated and were therefore too large to cross the gut wall. C1 [Jackson, Brian P.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Trace Element Anal Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Jackson, Brian P.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Chem, Trace Element Anal Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Pace, Heather E.; Ranville, James F.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Smith, Randy] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jackson, BP (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Trace Element Anal Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM BPJ@dartmouth.edu RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; OI ranville, james/0000-0002-4347-4885 FU US EPA [RD83332401-0]; Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by US EPA RD83332401-0 to BJ and JR. The work was performed at Beamlines X27A and X26A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory. Beamline X26A is supported by the Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS). Use of the NSLS and Beamline X27A was supported by DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 394 IS 3 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2768-y PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 441RA UT WOS:000265786900028 PM 19340415 ER PT J AU Wu, S Yang, F Zhao, R Tolic, N Robinson, EW Camp, DG Smith, RD Pasa-Tolic, L AF Wu, Si Yang, Feng Zhao, Rui Tolic, Nikola Robinson, Errol W. Camp, David G., II Smith, Richard D. Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana TI Integrated Workflow for Characterizing Intact Phosphoproteins from Complex Mixtures SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STAINLESS-STEEL; IDENTIFICATION; PROTEOMICS; SCALE; CELL AB The phosphorylation of any site on a given protein can affect its activity, degradation rate, ability to dock with other proteins or bind divalent cations, and/or its localization. These effects can operate within the same protein; in fact, multisite phosphorylation is a key mechanism for achieving signal integration in cells. Hence, knowing the overall phosphorylation signature of a protein is essential for understanding the "state" of a cell. However, current technologies to monitor the phosphorylation status of proteins are inefficient at determining the relative stoichiometries of phosphorylation at multiple sites. Here we report a new capability for comprehensive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of intact phosphoproteins. The technology platform builds upon an integration of bottom-up and top-down approaches that is facilitated by intact protein reversed-phase (RP)LC concurrently coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS and fraction collection. As the use of conventional RPLC systems for phosphopeptide identification has proven challenging due to the formation of metal ion complexes at various metal surfaces during LC/MS and ESI-MS analysis, we have developed a "metal-free" RPLC-ESI-MS platform for phosphoprotein characterization. This platform demonstrated a significant sensitivity enhancement for phosphorylated casein proteins enriched from a standard protein mixture and revealed the presence of over 20 casein isoforms arising from genetic variants with varying numbers of phosphorylation sites. The integrated workflow was also applied to an enriched yeast phosphoproteome to evaluate the feasibility of this strategy for characterizing complex biological systems and revealed similar to 16% of the detected yeast proteins to have multiple phosphorylation isoforms. The intact protein LC/MS platform for characterization of combinatorial post-translational modifications (PTMs), with special emphasis on multisite phosphorylation, holds great promise to significantly extend our understanding of the roles of multiple PTMs on signaling components that control the cellular responses to various stimuli. C1 [Pasa-Tolic, Ljiljana] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pasa-Tolic, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, MSIN K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ljiljana.pasatolic@pnl.gov RI Robinson, Errol/I-3148-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Robinson, Errol/0000-0003-0696-6239; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-07, RR 018522]; NIAID NIH HHS [Y1-AI-4894-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063883] NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 11 BP 4210 EP 4219 DI 10.1021/ac802487q PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 453HP UT WOS:000266601800010 PM 19425582 ER PT J AU Wyrzykowska, B Tabor, D Gullett, BK AF Wyrzykowska, Barbara Tabor, Dennis Gullett, Brian K. TI Same-Sample Determination of Ultratrace Levels of Polybromodiphenylethers, Polybromodibenzo-p-dioxins/Furans, and Polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/Furans from Combustion Flue Gas SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PBDE LEVELS; DIBENZOFURANS; CONGENERS; DECOMPOSITION; BIPHENYLS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB The analytical method used for determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/Fs) emissions from municipal waste combustors (MWCs) and other stationary sources was modified and validated to additionally allow for analysis of ultratrace levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PBDDs/Fs) from a common flue gas sample. Potential methodological problems related to physicochemical properties of brominated compounds, including UV- and temperature-induced debromination and degradation, were addressed. The selection of solvents, optimization of extraction time, and adaptation of the cleanup and fractionation steps increased mean recoveries of (13)C(12)-labeled PBDE and PBDD/F isotope dilution surrogates about 18% and 25%, respectively. The customary liquid chromatography isolation of PBDEs and PBDDs/Fs was replaced by optimization of high-resolution gas chromatography to separate target PBDFs (2,3,7,8-Br-substituted) from potentially interfering PBDEs before mass spectroscopic identification. The optimized method allowed quantitative determination of 56 mono- through decabromodiphenylether congeners, 15 congeners of 2,3,7-and 2,3,7,8-Br-substituted tri- to octabromodibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans, and all 210 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans present in the flue gas at levels of picogram, to microgram per normalized cubic meter. C1 [Wyrzykowska, Barbara; Tabor, Dennis; Gullett, Brian K.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wyrzykowska, Barbara] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res Postdoctoral Progra, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gullett, BK (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, E305-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX This research was supported in part by the appointment of the Postdoctoral Research Program at the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an Interagency Agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The authors thank Dr. Abderrahmane Touati (ARCADIS Inc., U.SA) for his technical help and Dr. Heather Stapleton (Duke University) for providing standards of selected hepta- and octa-BDEs. We want to express special acknowledgments to all the staff at the MWC sampling site. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 11 BP 4334 EP 4342 DI 10.1021/ac900105a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 453HP UT WOS:000266601800026 PM 19422255 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Alam, MK McIntyre, SK Volk, DE Neerathilingam, M Luxon, BA AF Alam, Todd M. Alam, M. Kathleen McIntyre, Sarah K. Volk, David E. Neerathilingam, Muniasamy Luxon, Bruce A. TI Investigation of Chemometric Instrumental Transfer Methods for High-Resolution NMR SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; ORTHOGONAL SIGNAL CORRECTION; CALIBRATION TRANSFER; REFERENCE DECONVOLUTION; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; PREPROCESSING TOOL; H-1-NMR SPECTRA; LINE-SHAPE; STANDARDIZATION; METABONOMICS AB The implementation of direct standardization (DS), piecewise direct standardization (PDS), and double-window piecewise direct standardization (DWPDS) instrumental transfer techniques for high-resolution (1)H NMR spectral data was explored. The ability to transfer a multivariate calibration model developed for a "master or target" NMR instrument configuration to seven different ("secondary") NMR instrument configurations was measured. Partial least-squares (PLS) calibration of glucose, glycine, and citrate metabolite relative concentrations in model mixtures following mapping of the secondary instrumental configurations using DS, PDS, or DWPDS instrumental transfer allowed the performance of the different transfer methods to be assessed. Results from these studies suggest that DS and PDS transfer techniques produce similar improvements in the error of prediction compared to each other and provide a significant improvement over standard spectral preprocessing techniques including reference deconvolution and spectral binning. The DS instrumental transfer method produced the largest percent improvement in the predictions of concentrations for these model mixtures but, in general, required that additional transfer calibration standards be used. Limitations of the different instrumental transfer methods with respect to sample subset selection are also discussed. C1 [Alam, Todd M.; McIntyre, Sarah K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Alam, M. Kathleen] Sandia Natl Labs, Energet Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Volk, David E.; Neerathilingam, Muniasamy; Luxon, Bruce A.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sealy Ctr Struct Biol & Mol Biophys, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Neerathilingam, Muniasamy; Luxon, Bruce A.] Univ Texas Med Branch, UTMB Bioinformat Program, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov RI Luxon, Bruce/C-9140-2012; OI Volk, David/0000-0002-4372-6915 FU Sandia LDRD FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's NNSA under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was funded entirely by the Sandia LDRD program. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 11 BP 4433 EP 4443 DI 10.1021/ac900262g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 453HP UT WOS:000266601800037 PM 19476390 ER PT J AU Icopini, GA Lack, JG Hersman, LE Neu, MP Boukhalfa, H AF Icopini, Gary A. Lack, Joe G. Hersman, Larry E. Neu, Mary P. Boukhalfa, Hakim TI Plutonium(V/VI) Reduction by the Metal-Reducing Bacteria Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID URANIUM; U(VI); SPECIATION; ACTINIDE AB We examined the ability of the metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to reduce Pu(VI) and Pu(V). Cell suspensions of both bacteria reduced oxidized Pu [a mixture of Pu(VI) and Pu(V)] to Pu(IV). The rate of plutonium reduction was similar to the rate of U(VI) reduction obtained under similar conditions for each bacteria. The rates of Pu(VI) and U(VI) reduction by cell suspensions of S. oneidensis were slightly higher than the rates observed with G. metallireducens. The reduced form of Pu was characterized as aggregates of nanoparticulates of Pu(IV). Transmission electron microscopy images of the solids obtained from the cultures after the reduction of Pu(VI) and Pu(V) by S. oneidensis show that the Pu precipitates have a crystalline structure. The nanoparticulates of Pu(IV) were precipitated on the surface of or within the cell walls of the bacteria. The production of Pu(III) was not observed, which indicates that Pu(IV) was the stable form of reduced Pu under these experimental conditions. Experiments examining the ability of these bacteria to use Pu(VI) as a terminal electron acceptor for growth were inconclusive. A slight increase in cell density was observed for both G. metallireducens and S. oneidensis when Pu(VI) was provided as the sole electron acceptor; however, Pu(VI) concentrations decreased similarly in both the experimental and control cultures. C1 [Boukhalfa, Hakim] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inorgan Isotope & Actinide Chem, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lack, Joe G.; Hersman, Larry E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Biol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Boukhalfa, Hakim] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boukhalfa, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inorgan Isotope & Actinide Chem, Div Chem, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hakim@lanl.gov FU Environmental Remediation and Sciences Program (ERSP); Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy FX The preparation of this paper and research reported herein were supported by the Environmental Remediation and Sciences Program (ERSP), Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U. S. Department of Energy. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3641 EP 3647 DI 10.1128/AEM.00022-09 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800033 PM 19363069 ER PT J AU Thomas, SH Padilla-Crespo, E Jardine, PM Sanford, RA Loffler, FE AF Thomas, Sara H. Padilla-Crespo, Elizabeth Jardine, Phillip M. Sanford, Robert A. Loeffler, Frank E. TI Diversity and Distribution of Anaeromyxobacter Strains in a Uranium-Contaminated Subsurface Environment with a Nonuniform Groundwater Flow SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURED SHALE BEDROCK; NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD; IN-SITU BIOREDUCTION; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENASE; SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; SOIL; PCR; BIOREMEDIATION AB Versaphilic Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans strains implicated in hexavalent uranium reduction and immobilization are present in the fractured saprolite subsurface environment at the U. S. Department of Energy Integrated Field-Scale Subsurface Research Challenge (IFC) site near Oak Ridge, TN. To provide insight into the in situ distribution of Anaeromyxobacter strains in this system with a nonuniform groundwater flow, 16S rRNA gene-targeted primers and linear hybridization (TaqMan) probes were designed for Oak Ridge IFC Anaeromyxobacter isolates FRC-D1 and FRC-W, along with an Anaeromyxobacter genus-targeted probe and primer set. Multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (mqPCR) was applied to samples collected from Oak Ridge IFC site areas 1 and 3, which are not connected by the primary groundwater flow paths; however, transport between them through cross-plane fractures is hypothesized. Strain FRC-W accounted for more than 10% of the total quantifiable Anaeromyxobacter community in area 1 soils, while strain FRC-D1 was not detected. In FeOOH-amended enrichment cultures derived from area 1 site materials, strain FRC-D1 accounted for 30 to 90% of the total Anaeromyxobacter community, demonstrating that this strain was present in situ in area 1. The area 3 total Anaeromyxobacter abundance exceeded that of area 1 by 3 to 5 orders of magnitude, but neither strain FRC-W-nor FRC-D1-like sequences were quantifiable in any of the 33 area 3 groundwater or sediment samples tested. The Anaeromyxobacter community in area 3 increased from <10(5) cells/g sediment outside the ethanol biostimulation treatment zone to 10(8) cells/g sediment near the injection well, and 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis revealed that representatives of a novel phylogenetic cluster dominated the area 3 Anaeromyxobacter community inside the treatment loop. The combined applications of genus- and strain-level mqPCR approaches along with clone libraries provided novel information on patterns of microbial variability within a bacterial group relevant to uranium bioremediation. C1 [Thomas, Sara H.; Loeffler, Frank E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Padilla-Crespo, Elizabeth; Loeffler, Frank E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jardine, Phillip M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sanford, Robert A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Loffler, FE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, 311 Ferst Dr,3228 ES&T Bldg, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM frank.loeffler@ce.gatech.edu RI Loeffler, Frank/M-8216-2013 FU Environmental Remediation Science Division (ERSD); Biological and Environmental Research (BER); U. S. Department of Energy; NSF IGERT [DGE 0114400]; NSF GK-12 [0338261]; NSF IGERT fellowship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank Joy Van Nostrand, Jizhong Zhou, Mary Beth Leigh, and Erick Cardenas for DNA samples extracted from the area 3 treatment zone; Joel Kostka and Denise Akob for soil, DNA, and enrichment samples from area 1; Qingzhong Wu for providing isolate FRC-W; and Youlboong Sung for providing DNAs from area 3 site samples and microcosms. NR 55 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 75 IS 11 BP 3679 EP 3687 DI 10.1128/AEM.02473-08 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 449QT UT WOS:000266345800038 PM 19346346 ER PT J AU Huesemann, MH Hausmann, TS Bartha, R Aksoy, M Weissman, JC Benemann, JR AF Huesemann, Michael H. Hausmann, Tom S. Bartha, Richard Aksoy, M. Weissman, Joseph C. Benemann, John R. TI Biomass Productivities in Wild Type and Pigment Mutant of Cyclotella sp (Diatom) SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass productivity; Antenna mutants; Bush equation; Saturating light intensity; Light utilization efficiency; Semi-continuous culture; Outdoor ponds ID LIGHT-HARVESTING PIGMENT; MASS-CULTURES; REDUCTION AB Microalgae are expected to play a significant role in greenhouse gas mitigation because they can utilize CO(2) from power plant flue gases directly while producing a variety of renewable carbon-neutral biofuels. In order for such a microalgal climate change mitigation strategy to become economically feasible, it will be necessary to significantly improve biomass productivities. One approach to achieve this objective is to reduce, via mutagenesis, the number of light-harvesting pigments, which, according to theory, should significantly improve the light utilization efficiency, primarily by increasing the light intensity at which photosynthesis saturates (I(s)). Employing chemical (ethylmethylsulfonate) and UV mutagenesis of a wild-type strain of the diatom Cyclotella, approximately 10,000 pigment mutants were generated, and two of the most promising ones (CM1 and CM1-1) were subjected to further testing in both laboratory cultures and outdoor ponds. Measurements of photosynthetic oxygen production rates as a function of light intensity (i.e., P-I curves) of samples taken from laboratory batch cultures during the exponential and linear growth phase indicated that the light intensity at which photosynthesis saturates (I(s)) was two to three times greater in the pigment mutant CM1-1 than in the wild type, i.e., 355-443 versus 116-169 mu mol/m(2) s, respectively. While theory, i.e., the Bush equation, predicts that such a significant gain in I(s) should increase light utilization efficiencies and thus biomass productivities, particularly at high light intensities, no improvements in biomass productivities were observed in either semi-continuous laboratory cultures or outdoor ponds. In fact, the maximum biomass productivity in semi-continuous laboratory culture was always greater in the wild type than in the mutant, namely 883 versus 725 mg/L day, respectively, at low light intensity (200 mu mol/m(2) s) and 1,229 versus 1,043 mg/L day, respectively, at high light intensity (1,000 mu mol/m(2) s). Similarly, the biomass productivities measured in outdoor ponds were significantly lower for the mutant than for the wild type. Given that these mutants have not been completely characterized in these initial studies, the exact reasons for their poor performance are not known. Most likely, it is possible that the mutation procedure affected other photosynthetic or metabolic processes. This hypothesis was partially validated by the observation that the pigment mutant had a longer lag period following inoculation, a lower maximum specific growth rate, and poorer stability than the wild type. C1 [Huesemann, Michael H.; Hausmann, Tom S.; Bartha, Richard] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Aksoy, M.] Brooklyn Coll, Dept Biol, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. [Weissman, Joseph C.; Benemann, John R.] SeaAg Inc, Vero Beach, FL 32968 USA. RP Huesemann, MH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM michael.huesemann@pnl.gov RI James, Gabriel/F-7739-2011 NR 24 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 32 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 157 IS 3 BP 507 EP 526 DI 10.1007/s12010-008-8298-9 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 466LB UT WOS:000267662600014 PM 18597048 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Thordsen, JJ Hovorka, SD Nance, HS Cole, DR Phelps, TJ Knauss, KG AF Kharaka, Yousif K. Thordsen, James J. Hovorka, Susan D. Nance, H. Seay Cole, David R. Phelps, Tommy J. Knauss, Kevin G. TI Potential environmental issues of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: Geochemical results from the Frio-I Brine Pilot test, Texas, USA SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Goldschmidt Conference 2006 CY 2006 CL Cologne, GERMANY ID WATER-ROCK INTERACTIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MINERAL TRAP; FERRIC IRON; SEQUESTRATION; GAS; INJECTION; RESERVOIR AB Sedimentary basins in general, and deep saline aquifers in particular, are being investigated as possible repositories for large volumes of anthropogenic CO2 that must be sequestered to mitigate global warming and related climate changes. To investigate the potential for the long-term storage of CO2 in such aquifers, 1600 t of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-m-thick "C" sandstone unit of the Frio Formation, a regional aquifer in the US Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained before CO2 injection from the injection well and an observation well 30 m updip showed a Na-Ca-Cl type brine with similar to 93,000 mg/L TDS at saturation with CH4 at reservoir conditions; gas analyses showed that CH4 comprised similar to 95% of dissolved gas, but CO2 was low at 0.3%. Following CO2 breakthrough. 51 h after injection, samples showed sharp drops in pH (6.5-5.7), pronounced increases in alkalinity (100-3000 mg/L as HCO3) and in Fe (30-1100 mg/L), a slug of very high DOC values, and significant shifts in the isotopic compositions of H2O. DIC, and CH4. These data, coupled with geochemical modeling, indicate corrosion of pipe and well casing as well as rapid dissolution of minerals, especially calcite and iron oxyhydroxides, both caused by lowered pH (initially similar to 3.0 at subsurface conditions) of the brine in contact with supercritical CO2. These geochemical parameters, together with perfluorocarbon tracer gases (PFTs), were used to monitor migration of the injected CO2 into the overlying Frio "B", composed of a 4-m-thick sandstone and separated from the "C" by similar to 15 m of shale and siltstone beds. Results obtained from the Frio "B" 6 months after injection gave chemical and isotopic markers that show significant CO2 (2.9% compared with 0.3% CO2 in dissolved gas) migration into the "B" sandstone. Results of samples collected 15 months after injection, however, are ambiguous, and can be interpreted to show no additional injected Cot in the "B" sandstone. The presence of injected CO2 may indicate migration from "C" to "B" through the intervening beds or, more likely, a short-term leakage through the remedial cement around the casing of a 50-year old well. Results obtained to date from four shallow monitoring groundwater wells show no brine or CO2 leakage through the Anahuac Formation, the regional cap rock. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kharaka, Yousif K.; Thordsen, James J.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Hovorka, Susan D.; Nance, H. Seay] Univ Texas Austin, Bur Econ Geol, Austin, TX USA. [Cole, David R.; Phelps, Tommy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Knauss, Kevin G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kharaka, YK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 34 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 4 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1106 EP 1112 DI 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.02.010 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 459VV UT WOS:000267141200016 ER PT J AU Li, YH Protopopescu, VA Arnold, N Zhang, XY Gorin, A AF Li, Yaohang Protopopescu, Vladimir A. Arnold, Nikita Zhang, Xinyu Gorin, Andrey TI Hybrid parallel tempering and simulated annealing method SO APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE Markov chain Monte Carlo; Simulated annealing; Parallel tempering ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; TRAVELING-SALESMAN PROBLEM; DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION; SPIN-GLASS; PROTEIN; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM; BEHAVIOR; WALKING; SCHEME AB In this paper, we propose a new hybrid scheme of parallel tempering and simulated annealing (hybrid PT/SA). Within the hybrid PT/SA scheme, a composite system with multiple conformations is evolving in parallel on a temperature ladder with various transition step sizes. The simulated annealing (SA) process uses a cooling scheme to decrease the temperature values in the temperature ladder to the target temperature. The parallel tempering (PT) scheme is employed to reduce the equilibration relaxation time of the composite system at a particular temperature ladder configuration in the SA process. The hybrid PT/SA method reduces the waiting time in deep local minima and thus leads to a more efficient sampling capability on high-dimensional complicated objective function landscapes. Compared to the approaches PT and parallel SA with the same temperature ladder, transition step sizes, and cooling scheme (parallel SA) configurations, our preliminary results obtained with the hybrid PT/SA method confirm the expected improvements in simulations of several test objective functions, including the Rosenbrock's function and the "rugged" funnel-like function, and several instantiations of the traveling salesman problem. The hybrid PT/SA may have slower convergence than genetic algorithms (GA) with good crossover heuristics, but it has the advantage of tolerating "bad" initial values and displaying robust sampling capability, even in the absence of additional information. Moreover, the hybrid PT/SA has natural parallelization potential. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Yaohang] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Protopopescu, Vladimir A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Arnold, Nikita] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, Dept Soft Matter Phys, Inst Expt Phys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. [Zhang, Xinyu] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Gorin, Andrey] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, YH (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM yaohang@ncat.edu RI Arnold, Nikita/C-7790-2013; Gorin, Andrey/B-1545-2014 OI Arnold, Nikita/0000-0003-3673-1772; FU NSF [CCF-0829382]; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The work is partially supported by NSF under grant number CCF-0829382 to Y. Li, 2006 ORAU/ORNL Summer Faculty Participation Program to Y. Li, and LDRD Program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, to A. Gorin. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0096-3003 J9 APPL MATH COMPUT JI Appl. Math. Comput. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 212 IS 1 BP 216 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.amc.2009.02.023 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 441QK UT WOS:000265783800023 ER PT J AU Kjornrattanawanich, B Windt, DL Bellotti, JA Seely, JF AF Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Windt, David L. Bellotti, Jeffrey A. Seely, John F. TI Measurement of dysprosium optical constants in the 2-830 eV spectral range using a transmittance method, and compilation of the revised optical constants of lanthanum, terbium, neodymium, and gadolinium SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER MIRRORS; WATER WINDOW; REGION; SCANDIUM; NM; COEFFICIENTS; WAVELENGTH; ABSORPTION; SCATTERING; YTTRIUM AB The optical constants beta, delta of the complex refractive index ((n) over tilde = 1 - delta + i beta) of Dy were obtained in the 2-830 eV energy range using a novel transmittance method. Si/W/Dy/W films were deposited by dc-magnetron sputtering on Si photodiode substrates, and the transmittance was characterized using synchrotron radiation. The extinction coefficients beta of Dy and the transmittance of a Si capping layer and two W interface barrier layers as functions of energy were solved simultaneously using a nonlinear optimization routine. The measured transmittances of the capping and barrier layers were primarily used as indicators for any flaws in the transmittance results. The dispersion coefficients delta of Dy were calculated using the Kramers-Kronig integral, and a complete set of beta values required for this integral was obtained by combining the present data with data from the literature. Sum rule tests on Dy show some deficiencies in the present data, which may be attributed to lower film density compared with the bulk value. Similar procedures were applied to previously measured transmittances of B4C/La, Si/Tb, Si/Nd, and Si/Gd films, where B4C or Si were used as capping layers on those reactive rare-earth films. The improved sets of transmittance values of B4C and Si capping layers were used as input in the optimization routine to solve for more accurate beta values of La, Tb, Nd, and Gd. The revised optical constants of these materials, tested for consistency with partial sum rules, are also reported. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Beamline X24C, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Windt, David L.; Bellotti, Jeffrey A.] Reflect Xray Opt LLC, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kjornrattanawanich, B (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Beamline X24C, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benjawan@bnl.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX This work has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 16 BP 3084 EP 3093 DI 10.1364/AO.48.003084 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 460QO UT WOS:000267202400016 PM 19488122 ER PT J AU Wee, SH Shin, J Cantoni, C Meyer, HM Cook, S Zuev, YL Specht, E Xiong, XM Paranthaman, MP Selvamanikcam, V Goyal, A AF Wee, Sung Hun Shin, Junsoo Cantoni, Claudia Meyer, Harry M. Cook, Sy Zuev, Yuri L. Specht, Eliot Xiong, Xuming Paranthaman, M. Parans Selvamanikcam, V. Goyal, Amit TI Phase-Separated, Epitaxial, Nanostructured LaMnO3+MgO Composite Cap Layer Films for Propagation of Pinning Defects in YBa2Cu3O7-delta Coated Conductors SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED NANODOTS; NDBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; BAZRO3 AB Nanostructural modulation in the cap layer used in coated conductors can be a potential source for nucleating microstructural defects into the superconducting layer for improving the flux-pinning. We report on the successful fabrication of phase separated, epitaxial, nanostructured films comprised of LaMnO3 (LMO) and MgO via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on biaxially-textured MgO metallic templates with a LMO buffer layer. Scanning Auger compositional mapping and transmission electron microscopy cross sectional images confirm the nanoscale, spatial modulation corresponding to the nanostructured phase separation in the film. YBa2Cu3O7-delta films (0.8 mu m thick) grown using PLD on such phase separated, nanostructured cap layers show reduced field dependence of the critical current density with an a value of similar to 0.38 (in J(c) similar to H-alpha). (c) 2009 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Wee, Sung Hun; Shin, Junsoo; Cantoni, Claudia; Meyer, Harry M.; Cook, Sy; Zuev, Yuri L.; Specht, Eliot; Paranthaman, M. Parans; Goyal, Amit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wee, Sung Hun] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Xiong, Xuming; Selvamanikcam, V.] Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Wee, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Y. L. Zuev would like to thank Oak Ridge Associated Universities for a postdoctoral fellowship. We would like to thank Cliffard C. Davisson for preparing the LMO+MgO target by powder mixing, compaction and sintering. A. Goyal would like to thank SuperPower Inc. for providing the Hastelloy substrates with the multilayer configuration of MAD MgO layer/homoepitaxial MgO layer/epitaxial LaMuO3. Research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability-Superconductivity Program, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC managing contractor for Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 1882-0778 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 6 AR 063008 DI 10.1143/APEX.2.063008 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 466QL UT WOS:000267677200027 ER PT J AU Ingole, S Manandhar, P Wright, JA Nazaretski, E Thompson, JD Picraux, ST AF Ingole, S. Manandhar, P. Wright, J. A. Nazaretski, E. Thompson, J. D. Picraux, S. T. TI Assembly and magnetic properties of nickel nanoparticles on silicon nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coercive force; electrodeposition; elemental semiconductors; ferromagnetic materials; nanoparticles; nanowires; nickel ID MICROFABRICATION; NANOCRYSTALS AB The directed assembly of magnetic Ni nanoparticles at the tips of silicon nanowires is reported. Using electrodeposition Ni shells of thickness from 10 to 200 nm were selectively deposited on Au catalytic seeds at the ends of nanowires. Magnetic characterization confirms a low coercivity (approximate to 115 Oe) ferromagnetic behavior at 300 K. This approach to multifunctional magnetic-semiconducting nanostructure assembly could be extended to electrodeposition of other materials on the nanowire ends, opening up additional approaches to device integration. Such magnetically functionalized nanowires offer an approach to developing highly localized magnetic probes for high resolution magnetic resonance force microscopy. C1 [Ingole, S.; Manandhar, P.; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Picraux, S. T.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Mat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Ingole, S (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM picraux@lanl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We would like to thank Dr. R. Movshovich for stimulating discussions. This research was funded in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 22 AR 223118 DI 10.1063/1.3148860 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 454HZ UT WOS:000266674300063 ER PT J AU Liu, DJ Almer, J AF Liu, Di-Jia Almer, Jonathan TI Phase and strain distributions associated with reactive contaminants inside of a solid oxide fuel cell SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE chromium; electrochemistry; interconnections; solid oxide fuel cells; X-ray diffraction ID SOFC CATHODES; INTERCONNECT; ELECTRODES; DEGRADATION; DEPOSITION; REDUCTION; COATINGS; ALLOY AB A microfocused synchrotron x-ray diffraction method was used to reveal the quantitative distributions of phase fractions, internal strains, and their interdependences at different layer depths inside of a planar solid oxide fuel cell, which was deactivated by chromium contamination through direct contact with the metallic interconnect under typical operating conditions. These observations provide insight into the mechanism of Cr poisoning. The method can serve as a versatile tool for studying the electrochemical devices with thin-layered construction such as batteries and fuel cells under static or in situ conditions. C1 [Liu, Di-Jia] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Almer, Jonathan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM djliu@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Terry Cruse for providing SOFC samples for the experiment. This study was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Fossil Energy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne was supported by DOE's Office of Science, Office of DBasic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 22 AR 224106 DI 10.1063/1.3148362 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 454HZ UT WOS:000266674300101 ER PT J AU Planckaert, N Callens, R Demeter, J Laenens, B Meersschaut, J Sturhahn, W Kharlamova, S Temst, K Vantomme, A AF Planckaert, N. Callens, R. Demeter, J. Laenens, B. Meersschaut, J. Sturhahn, W. Kharlamova, S. Temst, K. Vantomme, A. TI Mossbauer studies of complex materials: Energy versus time domain SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminium alloys; iron alloys; magnetic structure; Mossbauer effect; nuclear resonance scattering; time resolved spectra ID SCATTERING; (FE3AL)-FE-57 AB We present a critical comparison between conventional Mossbauer spectroscopy on the one hand and energy and time resolved nuclear resonant scattering on the other hand. The three Mossbauer techniques are evaluated by the characterization of the complex magnetic structure of an Fe3Al alloy. It is shown how the different scattering processes and detection schemes, which are involved in the respective configurations, determine the specific strengths of the three techniques and how they are optimally suited for the characterization of materials of varying complexity and reduced sizes. C1 [Planckaert, N.; Callens, R.; Demeter, J.; Laenens, B.; Meersschaut, J.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Planckaert, N.; Callens, R.; Demeter, J.; Laenens, B.; Meersschaut, J.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, INPAC, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Laenens, B.; Meersschaut, J.] IMEC, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Sturhahn, W.; Kharlamova, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Planckaert, N (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM nikie.planckaert@fys.kuleuven.be FU FWO; IUAP P6/42; GOA/2009/006; CREA 07/005; INPAC [EF/05/005]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We cordially thank the staff of APS beamline XOR-3-ID for their help. The work was supported by FWO, IUAP P6/42, GOA/2009/006, CREA 07/005, and by INPAC EF/05/005. Use of the APS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 22 AR 224104 DI 10.1063/1.3147185 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 454HZ UT WOS:000266674300099 ER PT J AU Polikarpov, E Swensen, JS Chopra, N So, F Padmaperuma, AB AF Polikarpov, Evgueni Swensen, James S. Chopra, Neetu So, Franky Padmaperuma, Asanga B. TI An ambipolar phosphine oxide-based host for high power efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light emitting devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE organic light emitting diodes ID ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENCE; OLEDS; OPERATION; EMISSION AB We report blue electrophosphorescent organic light emitting devices with an ambipolar host material, 4-(diphenylphosphoryl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (HM-A1), doped with FIrpic (iridium (III)bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C(2')]picolinate). The ambipolar nature of the host was verified using single carrier devices. The power efficiency of devices with PO15 (2,8-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzothiophene) electron transport layer (ETL) showed optimized performance when the ETL thickness was 500 A, giving a peak power efficiency of 46 lm/W (corresponding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.1%). The EQE and power efficiency at the brightness of 800 cd/m(2) were measured with no light outcoupling enhancement and found to be 15.4% and 26 lm/W, respectively. C1 [Polikarpov, Evgueni; Swensen, James S.; Padmaperuma, Asanga B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Chopra, Neetu; So, Franky] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Polikarpov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM asanga.padmaperuma@pnl.gov RI Chopra, Neetu/F-3307-2012 OI Chopra, Neetu/0000-0002-0114-532X FU Solid Sate Lighting Program of the U. S. Dept. of Energy, within the Building Technologies Program (BT) [M68004043]; U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.] FX This project was funded by the Solid Sate Lighting Program of the U. S. Dept. of Energy, within the Building Technologies Program (BT), Award No. M68004043 and managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 22 AR 223304 DI 10.1063/1.3148642 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 454HZ UT WOS:000266674300071 ER PT J AU Sobiech, M Wohlschlogel, M Welzel, U Mittemeijer, EJ Hugel, W Seekamp, A Liu, W Ice, GE AF Sobiech, M. Wohlschloegel, M. Welzel, U. Mittemeijer, E. J. Huegel, W. Seekamp, A. Liu, W. Ice, G. E. TI Local, submicron, strain gradients as the cause of Sn whisker growth SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coating techniques; copper; internal stresses; tin; whiskers (crystal) ID TIN WHISKERS; STRESS-ANALYSIS; DIFFRACTION; FILMS AB It has been shown experimentally that local in-plane residual strain gradients occur around the root of spontaneously growing Sn whiskers on the surface of Sn coatings deposited on Cu. The strain distribution has been determined with synchrotron white beam micro Laue diffraction measurements. The observed in-plane residual strain gradients in combination with recently revealed out-of-plane residual strain-depth gradients [M. Sobiech , Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 011906 (2008)] provide the driving forces for whisker growth. C1 [Sobiech, M.; Wohlschloegel, M.; Welzel, U.; Mittemeijer, E. J.] Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Ice, G. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sobiech, M.; Huegel, W.; Seekamp, A.] Robert Bosch GmbH, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany. RP Sobiech, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Met Res, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM m.sobiech@mf.mpg.de; e.j.mittemeijer@mf.mpg.de; wjliu@anl.gov RI Seekamp, Andreas/E-3252-2010 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357]; Division of Material Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy FX The authors are much obliged to the company "Hans Heimerdinger Oberfl chentechnik" in Pforzheim, Germany for specimen preparation. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy, under Grant No. DEAC02-06CH11357. G. E. I. was supported by the Division of Material Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and U. S. Department of Energy. NR 24 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 22 AR 221901 DI 10.1063/1.3147864 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 454HZ UT WOS:000266674300014 ER PT J AU Wu, F Kan, EJ Xiang, HJ Wei, SH Whangbo, MH Yang, JL AF Wu, Fang Kan, Erjun Xiang, Hongjun Wei, Su-Huai Whangbo, Myung-Hwan Yang, Jinlong TI Magnetic states of zigzag graphene nanoribbons from first principles SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; carrier mobility; density functional theory; doping; graphene; magnetic moments; nanostructured materials ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; HALF-METALLICITY AB The nature of the magnetic states of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) was explored on the basis of density functional calculations to understand why they are apparently nonmagnetic. Our study shows that the magnetic moments of ZGNRs are destroyed by p-type or n-type carrier doping with similar to 10(13) carriers/cm(2) per ribbon, which is close to the amount of unpaired spins that ZGNRs are expected to have. Thus the extrinsic sources of carrier doping should be removed to observe the expected magnetic character of ZGNRs. C1 [Kan, Erjun; Whangbo, Myung-Hwan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kan, Erjun; Yang, Jinlong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wu, Fang] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Sch Sci, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xiang, Hongjun; Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Whangbo, MH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM mike_whangbo@ncsu.edu; jlyang@ustc.edu.cn RI Xiang, Hongjun/I-4305-2016; Xiang, Hongjun/A-4076-2008; Kan, Erjun/A-4322-2009; Yang, Jinlong/D-3465-2009; wu, fang/B-5119-2011 OI Xiang, Hongjun/0000-0002-9396-3214; Kan, Erjun/0000-0003-0433-4190; Yang, Jinlong/0000-0002-5651-5340; NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 94 IS 22 AR 223105 DI 10.1063/1.3147854 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 454HZ UT WOS:000266674300050 ER PT J AU Chichester, DL Seabury, EH Zabriskie, JM Wharton, J Caffrey, AJ AF Chichester, D. L. Seabury, E. H. Zabriskie, J. M. Wharton, J. Caffrey, A. J. TI Dose profile modeling of Idaho National Laboratory's active neutron interrogation laboratory SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Electronic neutron generator; Active interrogation; Radiation shielding ID ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; GENERATOR; FACILITY; DESIGN; DT AB A new laboratory has been commissioned at Idaho National Laboratory for performing active neutron interrogation research and development. The facility is designed to provide radiation shielding for deuterium-tritium (DT) fusion (14.1 MeV) neutron generators (2 x 10(8) n/s), deuterium-deuterium (DD) fusion (2.5 MeV) neutron generators (1 x 10(7) n/s), and (252)Cf spontaneous fission neutron sources (6.96 x 10(7) n/s, 30 mu g). Shielding at the laboratory is comprised of modular concrete shield blocks 0.76 m thick with tongue-in-groove features to prevent radiation streaming, arranged into one small and one large test vault. The larger vault is designed to allow operation of the DT generator and has walls 3.8 m tall, an entrance maze, and a fully integrated electrical interlock system; the smaller test vault is designed for (252)Cf and DD neutron sources and has walls 1.9 m tall and a simple entrance maze. Both analytical calculations and numerical simulations were used in the design process for the building to assess the performance of the shielding walls and to ensure external dose rates are within required facility limits. Dose rate contour plots have been generated for the facility to visualize the effectiveness of the shield walls and entrance mazes and to illustrate the spatial profile of the radiation dose field above the facility and the effects of skyshine around the vaults. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chichester, D. L.; Seabury, E. H.; Zabriskie, J. M.; Wharton, J.; Caffrey, A. J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Chichester, DL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM david.chichester@inl.gov RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009; OI Johnson, James/0000-0002-3434-4413 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 67 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1022 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2009.01.002 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 447GX UT WOS:000266180700006 PM 19217792 ER PT J AU Cecala, KK Gibbons, JW Dorcas, ME AF Cecala, K. K. Gibbons, J. W. Dorcas, M. E. TI Ecological effects of major injuries in diamondback terrapins: implications for conservation and management SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Malaclemys terrapin; limb loss; shell injury; turtle; salt marsh; survivorship ID MALACLEMYS-TERRAPIN; PREDATION; TURTLES; FREQUENCIES; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; SHARKS; RISK; SEA AB 1. Many turtle species frequently suffer major injuries due to attempted predation or anthropogenic factors. Diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) are one species known to be affected by anthropogenic activity, but little is known about the Causes of injuries. In declining diamondback terrapin populations, learning more about causes and results of injuries can be helpful in developing sound management plans. 2. Patterns of limb loss and major shell injuries; were examined in a population of terrapins Studied for 24 years at Kiawah Island, South Carolina to infer the causes and effects of injuries and possible predators on terrapins. 3. The rate of Shell injuries increased temporally, possibly as a result of increased watercraft activity. Because no differences in rates of limb loss were found between males and females, limb loss probably results from aquatic encounters (i.e. limb loss does not appear to be the result of terrestrial predation during nesting). Furthermore, males experienced reduced body condition When injured, and terrapins with a major injury had lower survivorship than uninjured terrapins. 4. Therefore, in addition to reducing sources of mortality and protecting nesting habitat, measures to Protect terrapins from watereraft activity may increase the survivorship of adult terrapins. Copyright (c) 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cecala, K. K.; Dorcas, M. E.] Davidson Coll, Dept Biol, Davidson, NC 28035 USA. [Gibbons, J. W.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Cecala, KK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cecalak@warnell.uga.edu NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 421 EP 427 DI 10.1002/aqc.999 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 459NF UT WOS:000267108900006 ER PT J AU Fisk, W AF Fisk, William TI Climate Change and IEQ SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fisk, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 6 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 457AG UT WOS:000266896200016 ER PT J AU Wiggins, M McKenney, K Brodrick, J AF Wiggins, Matthew McKenney, Kurtis Brodrick, James TI Residential Energy Monitoring SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wiggins, Matthew; McKenney, Kurtis] Tiax Llc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Wiggins, M (reprint author), Tiax Llc, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 6 BP 88 EP 89 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 457AG UT WOS:000266896200026 ER PT J AU Bailey, S Aldering, G Antilogus, P Aragon, C Baltay, C Bongard, S Buton, C Childress, M Chotard, N Copin, Y Gangler, E Loken, S Nugent, P Pain, R Pecontal, E Pereira, R Perlmutter, S Rabinowitz, D Rigaudier, G Runge, K Scalzo, R Smadja, G Swift, H Tao, C Thomas, RC Wu, C AF Bailey, S. Aldering, G. Antilogus, P. Aragon, C. Baltay, C. Bongard, S. Buton, C. Childress, M. Chotard, N. Copin, Y. Gangler, E. Loken, S. Nugent, P. Pain, R. Pecontal, E. Pereira, R. Perlmutter, S. Rabinowitz, D. Rigaudier, G. Runge, K. Scalzo, R. Smadja, G. Swift, H. Tao, C. Thomas, R. C. Wu, C. TI Using spectral flux ratios to standardize SN Ia luminosities SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE stars: supernovae: general; cosmology: observations ID MAXIMUM LIGHT; SUPERNOVAE; INDICATORS; MAGNITUDES; DISTANCES; CURVES AB We present a new method to standardize type Ia supernova (SN Ia) luminosities to less than or similar to 0.13 mag using flux ratios from a single flux-calibrated spectrum per SN. Using Nearby Supernova Factory spectrophotomery of 58 SNe Ia, we performed an unbiased search for flux ratios that correlate with SN Ia luminosity. After developing the method and selecting the best ratios from a training sample, we verified the results on a separate validation sample and with data from the literature. We identified multiple flux ratios whose correlations with luminosity are stronger than those of light curve shape and color, previously identified spectral feature ratios, or equivalent width measurements. In particular, the flux ratio R(642/443) = F(642 nm)/F(443 nm) has a correlation of 0.95 with SN Ia absolute magnitudes. Using this single ratio as a correction factor produces a Hubble diagram with a residual scatter standard deviation of 0.125 +/- 0.011 mag, compared with 0.161 +/- 0.015 mag when fit with the SALT2 light curve shape and color parameters x(1) and c. The ratio R(642/443) is an effective correction factor for both extrinsic dust reddening and instrinsic variations such as those of SN 1991T-like and SN 1999aa-like SNe. When combined with broad-band color measurements, spectral flux ratios can standardize SN Ia magnitudes to similar to 0.12 mag. These are the first spectral metrics that give robust improvements over the standard normalization methods based upon light curve shape and color, and they provide among the lowest scatter Hubble diagrams ever published. C1 [Bailey, S.; Antilogus, P.; Bongard, S.; Pain, R.; Wu, C.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Bailey, S.; Antilogus, P.; Bongard, S.; Pain, R.; Wu, C.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Aldering, G.; Aragon, C.; Childress, M.; Loken, S.; Nugent, P.; Perlmutter, S.; Runge, K.; Swift, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Baltay, C.; Rabinowitz, D.; Scalzo, R.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06250 USA. [Buton, C.; Chotard, N.; Copin, Y.; Gangler, E.; Pecontal, E.; Pereira, R.; Rigaudier, G.; Smadja, G.] Univ Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Buton, C.; Chotard, N.; Copin, Y.; Gangler, E.; Pecontal, E.; Pereira, R.; Rigaudier, G.; Smadja, G.] Univ Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Buton, C.; Chotard, N.; Copin, Y.; Gangler, E.; Pereira, R.; Smadja, G.] Inst Phsy Nucl Lyon, IN2P3, CNRS, Lyon, France. [Childress, M.; Perlmutter, S.; Swift, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pecontal, E.; Rigaudier, G.] Observ Lyon, CRAL, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France. [Pecontal, E.; Rigaudier, G.] CNRS, UMR 5574, F-75700 Paris, France. [Pecontal, E.; Rigaudier, G.] ENS Lyon, Lyon, France. [Tao, C.] CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. RP Bailey, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, 4 Pl Jussieu,Tour 43, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM stephen.bailey@in2p3.fr RI Copin, Yannick/B-4928-2015; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Copin, Yannick/0000-0002-5317-7518; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Scalzo, Richard/0000-0003-3740-1214 FU CNRS/IN2P3; CNRS/INSU; CNRS/PNC; US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-92ER40704, DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-06ER06-04]; Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation [AST-0407297, AST-0606772]; HPWREN [0087344, 0426879]; American Astronomical Society; France-Berkeley Fund FX We are grateful to the technical and scientific staff of the University of Hawaii 2.2-m telescope, Palomar Observatory, Lick Observatory, and the High Performance Research and Education Network (HPWREN) for their assistance in obtaining these data. We also thank Julien Guy and David Rubin for assistance with light curve fits. This work was supported in France by CNRS/IN2P3, CNRS/INSU, CNRS/PNC, and used the resources of the IN2P3 computer center. This work was also supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-92ER40704, DE-AC02-05CH11231, and DE-FG02-06ER06-04; by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231; by a grant from the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation; by National Science Foundation Grant Nos. AST-0407297 ( QUEST), AST-0606772 (CfA Supernova Archive), and 0087344 & 0426879 (HPWREN); by a Henri Chretien International Research Grant administrated by the American Astronomical Society; and the France-Berkeley Fund. NR 22 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 500 IS 2 BP L17 EP U29 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200911973 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 462OC UT WOS:000267363100005 ER PT J AU Fragos, T Willems, B Kalogera, V Ivanova, N Rockefeller, G Fryer, CL Young, PA AF Fragos, T. Willems, B. Kalogera, V. Ivanova, N. Rockefeller, G. Fryer, C. L. Young, P. A. TI UNDERSTANDING COMPACT OBJECT FORMATION AND NATAL KICKS. II. THE CASE OF XTE J1118+480 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: close; X-rays: binaries; X-rays: individual (XTEJ1118+480) ID X-RAY BINARIES; BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; LOW-MASS; MAGNETIC BRAKING; GALACTIC-HALO; STELLAR EVOLUTION; XTE-J1118+480; SYSTEMS; STARS; TRANSIENT AB In recent years, an increasing number of proper motions have been measured for Galactic X-ray binaries. When supplemented with accurate determinations of the component masses, orbital period, and donor effective temperature, these kinematical constraints harbor a wealth of information on the system's past evolution. Here, we consider all this available information to reconstruct the full evolutionary history of the black hole Xray binary XTE J1118 + 480, assuming that the system originated in the Galactic disk and the donor has solar metallicity. This analysis accounts for four evolutionary phases: mass transfer through the ongoing Xray phase, tidal evolution before the onset of Roche lobe overflow, motion through the Galactic potential after the formation of the black hole, and binary orbital dynamics due to explosive mass loss and possibly a black hole natal kick at the time of core collapse. We find that right after black hole formation, the system consists of a similar or equal to 6.0-10.0 M(circle dot) black hole and a similar or equal to 1.0-1.6 M(circle dot) main-sequence star. We also find that that an asymmetric natal kick is not only plausible but required for the formation of this system, and derive a lower and upper limit on the black hole natal kick velocity magnitude of 80 km s(-1) and 310 km s(-1), respectively. C1 [Fragos, T.; Willems, B.; Kalogera, V.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ivanova, N.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Rockefeller, G.; Fryer, C. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fryer, C. L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Young, P. A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Fragos, T (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM tassosfragos@northwestern.edu; b-willems@northwestern.edu; vicky@northwestern.edu; nata@cita.utoronto.ca; gaber@lanl.gov; fryer@lanl.gov; patrick.young.1@asu.edu RI Rockefeller, Gabriel/G-2920-2010 OI Rockefeller, Gabriel/0000-0002-9029-5097 FU Science and Engineering; NSF; US Department of Energy; NASA [SWIF03-0047]; [W-7405-ENG-36] FX We are indebted to Laura Blecha for sharing the code used to follow the motion of XTE J1118+480 in the Galactic potential. This work is supported by a Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering grant and an NSF CAREER award to VK. This project was funded in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, and supported by its contract W-7405-ENG-36 to Los Alamos National Laboratory, and by NASA grant SWIF03-0047. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 697 IS 2 BP 1057 EP 1070 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1057 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 446YT UT WOS:000266159500011 ER PT J AU Knobel, C Lilly, SJ Iovino, A Porciani, C Kovac, K Cucciati, O Finoguenov, A Kitzbichler, MG Carollo, CM Contini, T Kneib, JP Le Fevre, O Mainieri, V Renzini, A Scodeggio, M Zamorani, G Bardelli, S Bolzonella, M Bongiorno, A Caputi, K Coppa, G de la Torre, S de Ravel, L Franzetti, P Garilli, B Kampczyk, P Lamareille, F Le Borgne, JF Le Brun, V Maier, C Mignoli, M Pello, R Peng, Y Montero, EP Ricciardelli, E Silverman, JD Tanaka, M Tasca, L Tresse, L Vergani, D Zucca, E Abbas, U Bottini, D Cappi, A Cassata, P Cimatti, A Fumana, M Guzzo, L Koekemoer, AM Leauthaud, A Maccagni, D Marinoni, C McCracken, HJ Memeo, P Meneux, B Oesch, P Pozzetti, L Scaramella, R AF Knobel, C. Lilly, S. J. Iovino, A. Porciani, C. Kovac, K. Cucciati, O. Finoguenov, A. Kitzbichler, M. G. Carollo, C. M. Contini, T. Kneib, J. -P. Le Fevre, O. Mainieri, V. Renzini, A. Scodeggio, M. Zamorani, G. Bardelli, S. Bolzonella, M. Bongiorno, A. Caputi, K. Coppa, G. de la Torre, S. de Ravel, L. Franzetti, P. Garilli, B. Kampczyk, P. Lamareille, F. Le Borgne, J. -F. Le Brun, V. Maier, C. Mignoli, M. Pello, R. Peng, Y. Montero, E. Perez Ricciardelli, E. Silverman, J. D. Tanaka, M. Tasca, L. Tresse, L. Vergani, D. Zucca, E. Abbas, U. Bottini, D. Cappi, A. Cassata, P. Cimatti, A. Fumana, M. Guzzo, L. Koekemoer, A. M. Leauthaud, A. Maccagni, D. Marinoni, C. McCracken, H. J. Memeo, P. Meneux, B. Oesch, P. Pozzetti, L. Scaramella, R. TI AN OPTICAL GROUP CATALOG TO z=1 FROM THE zCOSMOS 10 k SAMPLE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE catalogs; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: high-redshift; methods: data analysis ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; SEQUENCE CLUSTER SURVEY; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; COSMOS FIELD; EVOLUTION; RED; ALGORITHM; IDENTIFICATION; ACCURACY AB We present a galaxy group catalog spanning the redshift range 0.1 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 1 in the similar to 1.7 deg(2) COSMOS field, based on the first similar to 10,000 zCOSMOS spectra. The performance of both the Friends-of-Friends (FOF) and Voronoi Delaunay method (VDM) approaches to group identification has been extensively explored and compared using realistic mock catalogs. We find that the performance improves substantially if groups are found by progressively optimizing the group-finding parameters for successively smaller groups, and that the highest fidelity catalog, in terms of completeness and purity, is obtained by combining the independently created FOF and VDM catalogs. The final completeness and purity of this catalog, both in terms of the groups and of individual members, compares favorably with recent results in the literature. The current group catalog contains 102 groups with N >= 5 spectroscopically confirmed members, with a further similar to 700 groups with 2 <= N <= 4. Most of the groups can be assigned a velocity dispersion and a dark-matter mass derived from the mock catalogs, with quantifiable uncertainties. The fraction of zCOSMOS galaxies in groups is about 25% at low redshift and decreases toward similar to 15% at z similar to 0.8. The zCOSMOS group catalog is broadly consistent with that expected from the semianalytic evolution model underlying the mock catalogs. Not least, we show that the number density of groups with a given intrinsic richness increases from redshift z similar to 0.8 to the present, consistent with the hierarchical growth of structure. C1 [Knobel, C.; Lilly, S. J.; Porciani, C.; Kovac, K.; Carollo, C. M.; Caputi, K.; Kampczyk, P.; Maier, C.; Peng, Y.; Silverman, J. D.; Oesch, P.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Astron, Zurich, Switzerland. [Iovino, A.; Cucciati, O.; Guzzo, L.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, Milan, Italy. [Porciani, C.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Finoguenov, A.; Zamorani, G.; Bardelli, S.; Bolzonella, M.; Coppa, G.; Mignoli, M.; Vergani, D.; Zucca, E.; Cappi, A.; Pozzetti, L.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Kitzbichler, M. G.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Contini, T.; Lamareille, F.; Le Borgne, J. -F.; Pello, R.; Montero, E. Perez] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Kneib, J. -P.; Le Fevre, O.; de la Torre, S.; de Ravel, L.; Le Brun, V.; Tasca, L.; Tresse, L.; Abbas, U.; Cassata, P.] Lab Astrophys Marseille, Marseille, France. [Mainieri, V.; Tanaka, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Renzini, A.; Ricciardelli, E.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Scodeggio, M.; Garilli, B.; Bottini, D.; Fumana, M.; Maccagni, D.; Memeo, P.] INAF IASF Milano, Milan, Italy. [Bongiorno, A.; Meneux, B.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-84571 Garching, Germany. [Abbas, U.] Osserv Astron Torino, INAF, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy. [Cimatti, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Koekemoer, A. M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, BCCP, Berkeley, CA USA. [Marinoni, C.] Ctr Phys Theor, Marseille, France. [McCracken, H. J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Meneux, B.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Scaramella, R.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. RP Knobel, C (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Astron, Zurich, Switzerland. RI Pello, Roser/G-4754-2010; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Cappi, Alberto/O-9391-2015; Zucca, Elena/O-9396-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; Bolzonella, Micol/O-9495-2015; Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; OI Fumana, Marco/0000-0001-6787-5950; Iovino, Angela/0000-0001-6958-0304; bottini, dario/0000-0001-6917-041X; Pozzetti, Lucia/0000-0001-7085-0412; Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Franzetti, Paolo/0000-0002-6986-0127; Vergani, Daniela/0000-0003-0898-2216; Scaramella, Roberto/0000-0003-2229-193X; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649; Maier, Christian/0000-0001-6405-2182; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Cappi, Alberto/0000-0002-9200-7167; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Zucca, Elena/0000-0002-5845-8132; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Bolzonella, Micol/0000-0003-3278-4607; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Garilli, Bianca/0000-0001-7455-8750; Zamorani, Giovanni/0000-0002-2318-301X; Perez Montero, E/0000-0003-3985-4882; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; European Southern Observatory; Very Large Telescope [175.A-0839] FX We thank Peder Norberg and Oliver Hahn for useful discussions. This research was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, and it is based on observations undertaken at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT) under the Large Program 175.A-0839. NR 49 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 697 IS 2 BP 1842 EP 1860 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/697/2/1842 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 446YT UT WOS:000266159500068 ER PT J AU Abazajian, KN Adelman-McCarthy, JK Agueros, MA Allam, SS Prieto, CA An, D Anderson, KSJ Anderson, SF Annis, J Bahcall, NA Bailer-Jones, CAL Barentine, JC Bassett, BA Becker, AC Beers, TC Bell, EF Belokurov, V Berlind, AA Berman, EF Bernardi, M Bickerton, SJ Bizyaev, D Blakeslee, JP Blanton, MR Bochanski, JJ Boroski, WN Brewington, HJ Brinchmann, J Brinkmann, J Brunner, RJ Budavari, T Carey, LN Carliles, S Carr, MA Castander, FJ Cinabro, D Connolly, AJ Csabai, I Cunha, CE Czarapata, PC Davenport, JRA de Haas, E Dilday, B Doi, M Eisenstein, DJ Evans, ML Evans, NW Fan, XH Friedman, SD Frieman, JA Fukugita, M Gansicke, BT Gates, E Gillespie, B Gilmore, G Gonzalez, B Gonzalez, CF Grebel, EK Gunn, JE Gyory, Z Hall, PB Harding, P Harris, FH Harvanek, M Hawley, SL Hayes, JJE Heckman, TM Hendry, JS Hennessy, GS Hindsley, RB Hoblitt, J Hogan, CJ Hogg, DW Holtzman, JA Hyde, JB Ichikawa, S Ichikawa, T Im, M Ivezic, Z Jester, S Jiang, LH Johnson, JA Jorgensen, AM Juric, M Kent, SM Kessler, R Kleinman, SJ Knapp, GR Konishi, K Kron, RG Krzesinski, J Kuropatkin, N Lampeitl, H Lebedeva, S Lee, MG Lee, YS Leger, RF Lepine, S Li, NL Lima, M Lin, H Long, DC Loomis, CP Loveday, J Lupton, RH Magnier, E Malanushenko, O Malanushenko, V Mandelbaum, R Margon, B Marriner, JP Martinez-Delgado, D Matsubara, T McGehee, PM McKay, TA Meiksin, A Morrison, HL Mullally, F Munn, JA Murphy, T Nash, T Nebot, A Neilsen, EH Newberg, HJ Newman, PR Nichol, RC Nicinski, T Nieto-Santisteban, M Nitta, A Okamura, S Oravetz, DJ Ostriker, JP Owen, R Padmanabhan, N Pan, KK Park, C Pauls, G Peoples, J Percival, WJ Pier, JR Pope, AC Pourbaix, D Price, PA Purger, N Quinn, T Raddick, MJ Fiorentin, PR Richards, GT Richmond, MW Riess, AG Rix, HW Rockosi, CM Sako, M Schlegel, DJ Schneider, DP Scholz, RD Schreiber, MR Schwope, AD Seljak, U Sesar, B Sheldon, E Shimasaku, K Sibley, VC Simmons, AE Sivarani, T Smith, JA Smith, MC Smolcic, V Snedden, SA Stebbins, A Steinmetz, M Stoughton, C Strauss, MA SubbaRao, M Suto, Y Szalay, AS Szapudi, I Szkody, P Tanaka, M Tegmark, M Teodoro, LFA Thakar, AR Tremonti, CA Tucker, DL Uomoto, A Berk, DEV Vandenberg, J Vidrih, S Vogeley, MS Voges, W Vogt, NP Wadadekar, Y Watters, S Weinberg, DH West, AA White, SDM Wilhite, BC Wonders, AC Yanny, B Yocum, DR York, DG Zehavi, I Zibetti, S Zucker, DB AF Abazajian, Kevork N. Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K. Agueros, Marcel A. Allam, Sahar S. Prieto, Carlos Allende An, Deokkeun Anderson, Kurt S. J. Anderson, Scott F. Annis, James Bahcall, Neta A. Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. Barentine, J. C. Bassett, Bruce A. Becker, Andrew C. Beers, Timothy C. Bell, Eric F. Belokurov, Vasily Berlind, Andreas A. Berman, Eileen F. Bernardi, Mariangela Bickerton, Steven J. Bizyaev, Dmitry Blakeslee, John P. Blanton, Michael R. Bochanski, John J. Boroski, William N. Brewington, Howard J. Brinchmann, Jarle Brinkmann, J. Brunner, Robert J. Budavari, Tamas Carey, Larry N. Carliles, Samuel Carr, Michael A. Castander, Francisco J. Cinabro, David Connolly, A. J. Csabai, Istvan Cunha, Carlos E. Czarapata, Paul C. Davenport, James R. A. de Haas, Ernst Dilday, Ben Doi, Mamoru Eisenstein, Daniel J. Evans, Michael L. Evans, N. W. Fan, Xiaohui Friedman, Scott D. Frieman, Joshua A. Fukugita, Masataka Gansicke, Boris T. Gates, Evalyn Gillespie, Bruce Gilmore, G. Gonzalez, Belinda Gonzalez, Carlos F. Grebel, Eva K. Gunn, James E. Gyory, Zsuzsanna Hall, Patrick B. Harding, Paul Harris, Frederick H. Harvanek, Michael Hawley, Suzanne L. Hayes, Jeffrey J. E. Heckman, Timothy M. Hendry, John S. Hennessy, Gregory S. Hindsley, Robert B. Hoblitt, J. Hogan, Craig J. Hogg, David W. Holtzman, Jon A. Hyde, Joseph B. Ichikawa, Shin-ichi Ichikawa, Takashi Im, Myungshin Ivezic, Zeljko Jester, Sebastian Jiang, Linhua Johnson, Jennifer A. Jorgensen, Anders M. Juric, Mario Kent, Stephen M. Kessler, R. Kleinman, S. J. Knapp, G. R. Konishi, Kohki Kron, Richard G. Krzesinski, Jurek Kuropatkin, Nikolay Lampeitl, Hubert Lebedeva, Svetlana Lee, Myung Gyoon Lee, Young Sun Leger, R. French Lepine, Sebastien Li, Nolan Lima, Marcos Lin, Huan Long, Daniel C. Loomis, Craig P. Loveday, Jon Lupton, Robert H. Magnier, Eugene Malanushenko, Olena Malanushenko, Viktor Mandelbaum, Rachel Margon, Bruce Marriner, John P. Martinez-Delgado, David Matsubara, Takahiko McGehee, Peregrine M. McKay, Timothy A. Meiksin, Avery Morrison, Heather L. Mullally, Fergal Munn, Jeffrey A. Murphy, Tara Nash, Thomas Nebot, Ada Neilsen, Eric H., Jr. Newberg, Heidi Jo Newman, Peter R. Nichol, Robert C. Nicinski, Tom Nieto-Santisteban, Maria Nitta, Atsuko Okamura, Sadanori Oravetz, Daniel J. Ostriker, Jeremiah P. Owen, Russell Padmanabhan, Nikhil Pan, Kaike Park, Changbom Pauls, George Peoples, John, Jr. Percival, Will J. Pier, Jeffrey R. Pope, Adrian C. Pourbaix, Dimitri Price, Paul A. Purger, Norbert Quinn, Thomas Raddick, M. Jordan Fiorentin, Paola Re Richards, Gordon T. Richmond, Michael W. Riess, Adam G. Rix, Hans-Walter Rockosi, Constance M. Sako, Masao Schlegel, David J. Schneider, Donald P. Scholz, Ralf-Dieter Schreiber, Matthias R. Schwope, Axel D. Seljak, Uros Sesar, Branimir Sheldon, Erin Shimasaku, Kazu Sibley, Valena C. Simmons, A. E. Sivarani, Thirupathi Smith, J. Allyn Smith, Martin C. Smolcic, Vernesa Snedden, Stephanie A. Stebbins, Albert Steinmetz, Matthias Stoughton, Chris Strauss, Michael A. SubbaRao, Mark Suto, Yasushi Szalay, Alexander S. Szapudi, Istvan Szkody, Paula Tanaka, Masayuki Tegmark, Max Teodoro, Luis F. A. Thakar, Aniruddha R. Tremonti, Christy A. Tucker, Douglas L. Uomoto, Alan Berk, Daniel E. Vanden Vandenberg, Jan Vidrih, S. Vogeley, Michael S. Voges, Wolfgang Vogt, Nicole P. Wadadekar, Yogesh Watters, Shannon Weinberg, David H. West, Andrew A. White, Simon D. M. Wilhite, Brian C. Wonders, Alainna C. Yanny, Brian Yocum, D. R. York, Donald G. Zehavi, Idit Zibetti, Stefano Zucker, Daniel B. TI THE SEVENTH DATA RELEASE OF THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atlases; catalogs; surveys ID SPECTROSCOPIC TARGET SELECTION; CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG; GALAXY SAMPLE; OPEN CLUSTERS; STARS; PHOTOMETRY; SYSTEM; FIELD; CALIBRATION; MANAGEMENT AB This paper describes the Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), marking the completion of the original goals of the SDSS and the end of the phase known as SDSS-II. It includes 11,663 deg(2) of imaging data, with most of the similar to 2000 deg(2) increment over the previous data release lying in regions of low Galactic latitude. The catalog contains five-band photometry for 357 million distinct objects. The survey also includes repeat photometry on a 120 degrees long, 2 degrees.5 wide stripe along the celestial equator in the Southern Galactic Cap, with some regions covered by as many as 90 individual imaging runs. We include a co-addition of the best of these data, going roughly 2 mag fainter than the main survey over 250 deg(2). The survey has completed spectroscopy over 9380 deg(2); the spectroscopy is now complete over a large contiguous area of the Northern Galactic Cap, closing the gap that was present in previous data releases. There are over 1.6 million spectra in total, including 930,000 galaxies, 120,000 quasars, and 460,000 stars. The data release includes improved stellar photometry at low Galactic latitude. The astrometry has all been recalibrated with the second version of the USNO CCD Astrograph Catalog, reducing the rms statistical errors at the bright end to 45 milliarcseconds per coordinate. We further quantify a systematic error in bright galaxy photometry due to poor sky determination; this problem is less severe than previously reported for the majority of galaxies. Finally, we describe a series of improvements to the spectroscopic reductions, including better flat fielding and improved wavelength calibration at the blue end, better processing of objects with extremely strong narrow emission lines, and an improved determination of stellar metallicities. C1 [Abazajian, Kevork N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adelman-McCarthy, Jennifer K.; Allam, Sahar S.; Annis, James; Berman, Eileen F.; Boroski, William N.; Czarapata, Paul C.; Frieman, Joshua A.; Gonzalez, Belinda; Gonzalez, Carlos F.; Hendry, John S.; Hogan, Craig J.; Kent, Stephen M.; Kron, Richard G.; Kuropatkin, Nikolay; Lebedeva, Svetlana; Lin, Huan; Marriner, John P.; Nash, Thomas; Neilsen, Eric H., Jr.; Nicinski, Tom; Peoples, John, Jr.; Sibley, Valena C.; Stebbins, Albert; Stoughton, Chris; Tucker, Douglas L.; Yanny, Brian; Yocum, D. R.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Agueros, Marcel A.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Allam, Sahar S.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Phys & Astron, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Prieto, Carlos Allende] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Holmbury Sl Mary RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [An, Deokkeun; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Weinberg, David H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [An, Deokkeun; McGehee, Peregrine M.] CALTECH, IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Anderson, Kurt S. J.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brewington, Howard J.; Brinkmann, J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Long, Daniel C.; Malanushenko, Olena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Newman, Peter R.; Oravetz, Daniel J.; Pan, Kaike; Simmons, A. E.; Snedden, Stephanie A.; Watters, Shannon] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Anderson, Kurt S. J.; Holtzman, Jon A.; Vogt, Nicole P.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Astron, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Anderson, Scott F.; Becker, Andrew C.; Bochanski, John J.; Carey, Larry N.; Connolly, A. J.; Evans, Michael L.; Hawley, Suzanne L.; Ivezic, Zeljko; Leger, R. French; Owen, Russell; Quinn, Thomas; Sesar, Branimir; Stoughton, Chris; Szkody, Paula] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bahcall, Neta A.; Bickerton, Steven J.; Carr, Michael A.; Gunn, James E.; Knapp, G. R.; Loomis, Craig P.; Lupton, Robert H.; Mullally, Fergal; Ostriker, Jeremiah P.; Pauls, George; Pourbaix, Dimitri; Strauss, Michael A.; Wadadekar, Yogesh] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Bell, Eric F.; Jester, Sebastian; Fiorentin, Paola Re; Rix, Hans-Walter; Tremonti, Christy A.; Zibetti, Stefano] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Barentine, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Barentine, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bassett, Bruce A.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa. [Bassett, Bruce A.] Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. 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Vanden] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schreiber, Matthias R.] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Fis & Astron, Valparaiso, Chile. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Sheldon, Erin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sivarani, Thirupathi] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37040 USA. [SubbaRao, Mark] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Tanaka, Masayuki] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Tegmark, Max] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Teodoro, Luis F. A.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Astron & Astrophys Grp, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Uomoto, Alan] Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. [Berk, Daniel E. Vanden] St Vincent Coll, Dept Phys, Latrobe, PA 15650 USA. [Voges, Wolfgang] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Wadadekar, Yogesh] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Natl Ctr Radio Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India. [Watters, Shannon] Inst Astron, Adv Technol & Res Ctr, Pukalani, HI 96768 USA. [White, Simon D. M.] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Wilhite, Brian C.] Elmhurst Coll, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60126 USA. [York, Donald G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Abazajian, KN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Mandelbaum, Rachel/N-8955-2014; Brinchmann, Jarle/M-2616-2015; Lima, Marcos/E-8378-2010; Padmanabhan, Nikhil/A-2094-2012; Gaensicke, Boris/A-9421-2012; Margon, Bruce/B-5913-2012; Csabai, Istvan/F-2455-2012; Im, Myungshin/B-3436-2013; Jiang, Linhua/H-5485-2016; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; West, Andrew/H-3717-2014; Agueros, Marcel/K-7998-2014 OI Murphy, Tara/0000-0002-2686-438X; Re Fiorentin, Paola/0000-0002-4995-0475; Meiksin, Avery/0000-0002-5451-9057; Csabai, Istvan/0000-0001-9232-9898; /0000-0002-1891-3794; Hogg, David/0000-0003-2866-9403; Davenport, James/0000-0002-0637-835X; Bell, Eric/0000-0002-5564-9873; Blakeslee, John/0000-0002-5213-3548; Mandelbaum, Rachel/0000-0003-2271-1527; Brinchmann, Jarle/0000-0003-4359-8797; Gaensicke, Boris/0000-0002-2761-3005; Im, Myungshin/0000-0002-8537-6714; Jiang, Linhua/0000-0003-4176-6486; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Agueros, Marcel/0000-0001-7077-3664 FU Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U. S. Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Japanese Monbukagakusho; Max Planck Society; Higher Education Funding Council for England FX Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U. S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. NR 73 TC 2563 Z9 2589 U1 19 U2 174 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 182 IS 2 BP 543 EP 558 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/182/2/543 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 448UE UT WOS:000266286700004 ER PT J AU Bielicki, J Zhang, H Johansson, J Azhar, S AF Bielicki, J. Zhang, H. Johansson, J. Azhar, S. TI ARTPEP (TM) INJECTIONS FOR STABILIZATION AND REDUCTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bielicki, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, H.; Azhar, S.] Stanford Univ, VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, GRECC, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Johansson, J.] Artery Therapeut Inc, Danville, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA V17SO UT WOS:000207957101634 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Alexander, ML Perraud, V Bruns, EA Johnson, SN Ezell, MJ Finlayson-Pitts, BJ AF Yu, Yong Alexander, M. Liz Perraud, Veronique Bruns, Emily A. Johnson, Stanley N. Ezell, Michael J. Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J. TI Contamination from electrically conductive silicone tubing during aerosol chemical analysis SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Aerosol chemical analysis; Electrically conductive silicone tubing; Siloxanes; Contamination ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IDENTIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; INTERFERENCES; PARTICLES; OXIDATION; PRODUCTS AB Electrically conductive silicone tubing is used to minimize losses in sampling lines during; the analysis of airborne particle size distributions and number concentrations. We report contamination from this tubing using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of filter-collected samples as well as by particle mass spectrometry. Comparison of electrically conductive silicone and stainless steel tubing showed elevated siloxanes only for the silicone tubing. The extent of contamination increased with length of tubing to which the sample was exposed, and decreased with increasing relative humidity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Yong; Perraud, Veronique; Bruns, Emily A.; Johnson, Stanley N.; Ezell, Michael J.; Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Alexander, M. Liz] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Yu, Yong] Calif Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA 91731 USA. RP Finlayson-Pitts, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bjfinlay@uci.edu RI Yu, Yong/G-6445-2010; bruns, emily/A-4558-2013; Perraud, Veronique/F-2830-2016 OI Perraud, Veronique/0000-0003-1247-9787 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64000]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC06-76RL0 1830] FX We are grateful to the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant# DE-FG02-05ER64000) for support of this work. This research was in part performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division. PNNL is operated by the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract# DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 43 IS 17 BP 2836 EP 2839 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.014 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 452GX UT WOS:000266529400020 ER PT J AU Ghimire, SR Charlton, ND Craven, KD AF Ghimire, Sita R. Charlton, Nikki D. Craven, Kelly D. TI The Mycorrhizal Fungus, Sebacina vermifera, Enhances Seed Germination and Biomass Production in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) SO BIOENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy crop; Ectomycorrhizae; Symbiosis ID PIRIFORMOSPORA-INDICA; NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; ACIDIC SOIL; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; RHIZOSPHERE; PERFORMANCE; ATRAZINE AB Seed dormancy and slow seedling establishment are two major concerns in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) production, often resulting in a poor stand with reduced productivity. Studies were conducted to investigate the stability of artificial associations between switchgrass and the ectomycorrhizal fungus, Sebacina vermifera, and to evaluate the potential benefits of this novel association in seed germination and biomass production. All six strains of S. vermifera tested had a high frequency of colonization on switchgrass roots of a synthetic cultivar NF/GA-993. The positive effects of the associations were reflected in plant height, root length, and biomass production. Inoculated plants produced as much as 75%, 113%, and 18% more shoot biomass than un-inoculated control plants in the first, second, and third harvest, respectively, with no consequent reduction in root biomass. Further, culture filtrates from some strains of S. vermifera increased seed germination in the switchgrass cultivar Kanlow by 52% over the control (p<0.05). This study illustrates the great potential of microbial associations to increase biomass production and productivity of switchgrass. C1 [Ghimire, Sita R.; Charlton, Nikki D.; Craven, Kelly D.] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Ghimire, Sita R.; Craven, Kelly D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioenergy Sci Ctr BESC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Craven, KD (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Div Plant Biol, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM kdcraven@noble.org FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was supported by a grant from Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by Dr. Martin Keller for the US Department of Energy. We are grateful to Haiyan Li, Jeremey Bell and David McSweeney for their help in this study. We thank Elison Blancaflor for guidance in microscopy. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1939-1234 J9 BIOENERG RES JI BioEnergy Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s12155-009-9033-2 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 607GR UT WOS:000278487600006 ER PT J AU Hu, B Fricke, GM Faeder, JR Posner, RG Hlavacek, WS AF Hu, Bin Fricke, G. Matthew Faeder, James R. Posner, Richard G. Hlavacek, William S. TI GetBonNie for building, analyzing and sharing rule-based models SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS; SIMULATION; SOFTWARE; SYSTEMS AB GetBonNie is a web-based application for building, analyzing and sharing rule-based models encoded in the BioNetGen language (BNGL). Tools accessible within the GetBonNie environment include (i) an applet for drawing graphs that correspond to BNGL code; (ii) a network-generation engine for translating a set of rules into a chemical reaction network; (iii) simulation engines that implement generate-first, on-the-fly and network-free methods for simulating rule-based models; and (iv) a database for sharing models, parameter values, annotations, simulation tasks and results. C1 [Hu, Bin; Hlavacek, William S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Hu, Bin; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fricke, G. Matthew] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Faeder, James R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Posner, Richard G.] Translat Genom Res Inst, Computat Biol Div, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. [Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hlavacek, WS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU National Institutes of Health [GM076570, CA109552]; Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Arizona Biomedical Research Commission FX National Institutes of Health (grants GM076570 and CA109552); Department of Energy (contract DE-AC52-06NA25396); and Arizona Biomedical Research Commission. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1457 EP 1460 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp173 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 446GG UT WOS:000266109500029 PM 19321734 ER PT J AU James, CD Moorman, MW Carson, BD Branda, CS Lantz, JW Manginell, RP Martino, A Singh, AK AF James, Conrad D. Moorman, Matthew W. Carson, Bryan D. Branda, Catherine S. Lantz, Jeffrey W. Manginell, Ronald P. Martino, Anthony Singh, Anup K. TI Nuclear translocation kinetics of NF-kappa B in macrophages challenged with pathogens in a microfluidic platform SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE Macrophages; Immune response; Toll-like receptor signaling; NF-kappa B translocation; Microfluidics; Lipopolysaccharide; Transcription factor nuclear translocation ID SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS; ON-A-CHIP; GENE-EXPRESSION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DEVICE; PROTEINS; RECEPTORS; STRESS; INNATE AB We have developed a microfluidic platform for real-time imaging of host-pathogen interactions and cellular signaling events. Host cells are immobilized in a controlled environment for optical interrogation of the kinetics and stochasticity of immune response to pathogenic challenges. Here, we have quantitatively measured activation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway in RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. This was achieved by measuring the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation kinetics of a green fluorescent protein fusion construct to the NF-kappa B transcription factor subunit RelA (GFP-RelA). Translocation kinetics in response to live bacteria and purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges were measured, and this work presents the first demonstration of live imaging of host cell infection on a microfluidic platform with quantitative analysis of an early (< 0.5 h from infection) immune signaling event. Our data show that a 1,000x increase in the LPS dose led to a similar to 10x increase in a host cell activation metric we developed in order to describe NF-kappa B translocation kinetics. Using this metric, live bacteria challenges were assigned an equivalent LPS dose as a first step towards comparing NF-kappa B translocation kinetics between TLR4-only pathway signaling (activated by LPS) and multiple pathway signaling (activated by whole bacteria). The device also contains a unique architecture for capturing and fluidically isolating single host cells for the purpose of differentiating between primary and secondary immune signaling. C1 [James, Conrad D.; Moorman, Matthew W.; Carson, Bryan D.; Lantz, Jeffrey W.; Manginell, Ronald P.; Martino, Anthony] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Branda, Catherine S.; Singh, Anup K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP James, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM cdjame@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank the Microelectronics Development Laboratory staff and management, including Jaime MeClain and John Anderson, at Sandia National Laboratories for device fabrication. This work was performed as part of the Microscale Immune Studies Laboratory project funded by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 693 EP 700 DI 10.1007/s10544-008-9281-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 436TZ UT WOS:000265440300020 PM 19169824 ER PT J AU Lyness, JN Lottes, JW AF Lyness, James N. Lottes, James W. TI Asymptotic expansions for oscillatory integrals using inverse functions SO BIT NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE Variable phase oscillatory integral; Inverse functions; Series inversion; Fourier coefficient asymptotic expansion; Fourier integral ID QUADRATURE; PHASE AB We treat finite oscillatory integrals of the form integral(b)(a) F(x)e(ikG(x)) dx in which both F and G are real on the real line, are analytic over the open integration interval, and may have algebraic singularities at either or both interval end points. For many of these, we establish asymptotic expansions in inverse powers of k. No appeal to the theories of stationary phase or steepest descent is involved. We simply apply theory involving inverse functions and expansions for a Fourier coefficient integral(b)(a) phi(t)e(ikt) dt. To this end, we have assembled several results involving inverse functions. Moreover, we have derived a new asymptotic expansion for this integral, valid when phi(t) = Sigma a(j)t(sigma j), -1 < sigma(1) < sigma(2) < center dot center dot center dot. C1 [Lyness, James N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lyness, James N.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Lottes, James W.] Univ Oxford, Inst Math, Oxford OX1 3LB, England. RP Lyness, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM lyness@mcs.anl.gov; lottes@maths.ox.ac.uk FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors were supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-3835 J9 BIT JI Bit PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 2 BP 397 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s10543-009-0223-2 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 453XN UT WOS:000266646300009 ER PT J AU Stock, SR Almer, JD AF Stock, S. R. Almer, J. D. TI Strains in bone and tooth via high energy X-ray scattering SO BONE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 36th European Symposium on Calcified Tissues CY MAY 23-27, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Int Res Austrian Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Stock, S. R.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Almer, J. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD JUN PY 2009 VL 44 IS 2 BP S270 EP S270 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2009.03.472 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 449RV UT WOS:000266348600171 ER PT J AU Carrion, J Liebling, CNB Reiszel, C Dalal, R Dewey, SL Schiffer, WK AF Carrion, Joseph Liebling, Courtney N. B. Reiszel, Corinne Dalal, Reema Dewey, Stephen L. Schiffer, Wynne K. TI Imaging the Conditioned Behavioral Effects of Methamphetamine in Rodents SO BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Small animal positron emission tomography (PET); 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG); Drug-seeking; Drug abuse; Craving; Salience; Expectancy ID CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; ACTIVATION FOLLOWING EXPOSURE; COCAINE-PAIRED ENVIRONMENT; NUCLEUS-ACCUMBENS; SEEKING BEHAVIOR; EXCITOTOXIC LESIONS; CEREBELLAR VERMIS; PLACE PREFERENCE; OVERLYING AREAS; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Cue-elicited craving is modeled in rats using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, however it is not known whether this CPP produces a pattern of brain activations homologous to those reported in humans. To test the hypothesis that similar neural circuits underlie cue-elicited craving in rodents and humans, we used behavioral neuroimaging with 2-[(18)F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in freely moving rats during the expression of place preference to methamphetamine (METH). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) correlated preference with regional changes in brain activation. We observed increased relative FDG uptake compared to baseline in the cerebellum, thalamus, frontal, sensory and motor cortices. There were significant decreases in the insular cortex and throughout the hippocampus. Covariate analysis revealed circuitry in the dorsal and ventral striatum, cingulate gyrus and amygdala where relative FDG uptake correlated with individual differences in preference. These findings demonstrate a strong overlap in those areas activated by the expression of place preference in rodents and distinct patterns of brain activation observed with expectancy and cue-induced craving in humans. We conclude that neuroimaging in animals enriches, and is enriched by, the field of Pavlovian conditioning as well as other fields of behavioral science. C1 [Carrion, Joseph; Liebling, Courtney N. B.; Reiszel, Corinne; Dalal, Reema; Dewey, Stephen L.; Schiffer, Wynne K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Carrion, Joseph] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Dalal, Reema] NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Schiffer, WK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wynne@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NIH [DA15041, DA22346] FX This study was performed under Brookhaven Science Associates contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Additional funds were provided by the NIH (DA15041 and DA22346 to SLD). The authors are grateful for the helpful discussions with Drs. Joanna Fowler, Nora Volkow, Jean Logan and David Alexoff and appreciate the valuable advice and support from Kimberly Wehunt and Cheryl Burns in Health Physics. NR 77 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1931-7557 J9 BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV JI Brain Imaging Behav. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 2 BP 176 EP 190 DI 10.1007/s11682-009-9060-9 PG 15 WC Neuroimaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 510LS UT WOS:000271090600007 ER PT J AU Tomasi, D Wang, RL AF Tomasi, D. Wang, R. L. TI Paramagnetic shimming for high-field MRI SO BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE susceptibility; passive shimming; signal loss ID STATIC MAGNETIC-FIELD; HUMAN HEAD; PHASE REFERENCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The diamagnetism of biological tissues reduces the homogeneity of the magnetic field and may limit the number of samples in multi-sample gradient-recalled echo (GRE) experiments. This study aims to 1) evaluate the magnetic field distortions and signal loss artifacts in GRE images of proximal water samples, and 2) develop a passive shimming device to overcome this limitation. The magnetic field distribution produced by a diamagnetic H(2)O sphere and a paramagnetic CuSO(4) disk in a secondary phantom were mapped using GRE experiments and the phase reference method, and compared to the corresponding magnetostatics models. The water sphere produced a pronounced signal loss artifact in amplitude images. This artifact was significantly reduced when the paramagnetic disk was placed symmetrically between the water sphere and the secondary spherical phantom. The present study suggests that the use of paramagnetic shimming devices can help to minimize susceptibility-related MRI signal losses and to increase the number of samples in multi-sample MRI experiments. The volume susceptibility and the shape of paramagnetic shimming devices could be optimized for particular setups and samples accordingly. C1 [Tomasi, D.; Wang, R. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tomasi, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM tomasi@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC BRASILEIRA FISICA PI SAO PAULO PA CAIXA POSTAL 66328, 05315-970 SAO PAULO, BRAZIL SN 0103-9733 J9 BRAZ J PHYS JI Braz. J. Phys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 2 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 469JP UT WOS:000267894200008 ER PT J AU Yang, XQ Yang, XD Xu, TF Sun, LC Gong, W AF Yang, Caiqing Yang, Xudong Xu, Tengfang Sun, Luchun Gong, Wei TI Optimization of bathroom ventilation design for an ISO Class 5 clean ward SO BUILDING SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE contaminant control; CFD; hospital; clean ward; bathroom; ventilation ID AIR-FLOW; OUTBREAK; MODELS AB Ventilation is a main method to control the contaminant dispersion within clean wards. In this paper, we investigated the effects of various ventilation designs of the bathroom in an ISO Class 5 clean ward. Specifically, the contaminant dispersion and particle concentrations corresponding to three different ventilation design schemes were characterized and compared using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. For each design, we examined airflow and particle concentrations for contaminant sources located at two places (i.e., at the toilet seat and on the floor), respectively. Field test was conducted to compare the measured and simulated air velocities and particle concentrations in a hospital clean ward. The implemented CFD modeling of ventilation effects of various designs in this study has proven to accurately characterize airflow and contaminant control in the ventilated space, and has led to optimizing ventilation for the bathroom in an ISO Class 5 clean ward. C1 [Yang, Caiqing; Yang, Xudong] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Architecture, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Xu, Tengfang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Int Energy Studies Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sun, Luchun; Gong, Wei] Chinese Peoples Liberat Army Gen Hosp, Beijing 100853, Peoples R China. RP Yang, XD (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Sch Architecture, Dept Bldg Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM xyang@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Yang, Xudong/D-2023-2014 FU China's Eleventh Five-Year Scientific Research Support Program [2006BAJ02A08]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [20060003065] FX This project is financially supported by China's Eleventh Five-Year Scientific Research Support Program Project No. 2006BAJ02A08, and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China, Approval Number 20060003065. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIV, RM A703, XUEYAN BLDG, BEIJING, 10084, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1996-3599 J9 BUILD SIMUL-CHINA JI Build. Simul. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 2 IS 2 BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1007/S12273-009-9310-1 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA V16RF UT WOS:000207886000006 ER PT J AU Zhou, RM Stump, BW Herrmann, RB Yang, ZX Chen, YT AF Zhou, Rong-Mao Stump, Brian W. Herrmann, Robert B. Yang, Zhi-Xian Chen, Yun-Tai TI Teleseismic Receiver Function and Surface-Wave Study of Velocity Structure beneath the Yanqing-Huailai Basin Northwest of Beijing SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CHINA CRATON; JOINT INVERSION; BODY WAVES; DISPERSION; ICELAND; COMPLEX; AGES AB Shear-wave velocities beneath the Yanqing-Huailai Basin, 90-140 km northwest of Beijing, are estimated from the joint inversion of surface-wave phase velocities and teleseismic receiver functions. The data set is from a temporary broadband seismic network supported by the Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) in the basin and includes 34 teleseismic events from 2003 to 2005. Receiver functions from the teleseismic events are similar for the stations around the Yanqing-Huailai Basin and exhibit little variation with azimuth. The velocity models constrained by receiver functions and surface-wave dispersion curves are also similar. The resulting models reflect the low-velocity basin sediments to 2 km followed by a positive velocity gradient to 15 km with shear-wave velocity increasing from 2.0 to 3: 55 km/sec. Evidence of a midcrust low-velocity layer starts at 15 km with a shear velocity decrease to 3: 3 km/sec that extends to approximately 25 km. The total crustal thickness is 38-42 km with a smooth Moho transition to an upper-mantle shear velocity of 4: 3 km/sec. The low-velocity zone is consistent with recent extension, geothermal activity, and earthquake locations above this depth. The average shear velocity model for the basin has similarities to other regional and global models but provides more detailed structure in the uppermost and lower portions of the crust. The new model includes the effect of the sediments in the basin, the low-velocity layer, and the gradual Moho transition. Predicted P-and S-travel times are 1-3.5 sec slower than the previous models at regional distances. C1 [Zhou, Rong-Mao] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stump, Brian W.] So Methodist Univ, Roy M Huffington Dept Earth Sci, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Herrmann, Robert B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. [Yang, Zhi-Xian; Chen, Yun-Tai] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Geophys Grp, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rzhou@lanl.gov; bstump@smu.edu; rbh@eas.slu.edu; zhixiany@cea-igp.ac.cn; chenyt@cea-igp.ac.cn FU Air Force Research Laboratory [DTRA01-02-C-0003, FA8717005-C-0020]; NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China) [40574025]; MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology of China) [2001CB711005] FX The authors would like to thank Chris Hayward, Mary Templeton, Xiang-Wei Yu, Xiang-Tong Xu, and Shi-Yu Bai for their help with network installation and data collection. A large portion of the success of this experiment is due to the outstanding help and support of the seismological bureaus and seismic station operators in this region. We thank Arthur Rodgers and one anonymous reviewer and the associate editor Anton Dainty for numerous comments and suggestions that have improved the manuscript. George Randall's comments on the manuscript are also acknowledged. R. Zhou is grateful to Guochun Zhao for providing schematic tectonic map as Figure 1a. All topographic maps and Figure 2 were produced using the GMT software of Wessel and Smith (1998). This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory Contract Numbers DTRA01-02-C-0003 and FA8717005-C-0020. Z.-X. Y. and Y.-T. C. acknowledge the supports of NSFC (National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant Number 40574025) and MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology, Grant Number 2001CB711005) of China. IRIS PASSCAL Instrument Center provided the STS-2 seismometers, Quanterra Q-330, and Baler systems. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 1937 EP 1952 DI 10.1785/0120080277 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 455BO UT WOS:000266731200027 ER PT J AU Adams, A Brazier, R Nyblade, A Rodgers, A Al-Amri, A AF Adams, Aubreya Brazier, Richard Nyblade, Andrew Rodgers, Arthur Al-Amri, Abdullah TI Source Parameters for Moderate Earthquakes in the Zagros Mountains with Implications for the Depth Extent of Seismicity SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; IRANIAN PLATEAU; BELT IRAN; TECTONICS; LITHOSPHERE; BENEATH; MANTLE; DEFORMATION; RELOCATION; INDIA AB Six earthquakes within the Zagros Mountains with magnitudes between 4.9 and 5.7 have been studied to determine their source parameters. These events were selected for study because they were reported in open catalogs to have lower crustal or upper mantle source depths and because they occurred within an area of the Zagros Mountains where crustal velocity structure has been constrained by previous studies. Moment tensor inversion of regional broadband waveforms has been combined with forward modeling of depth phases on short-period teleseismic waveforms to constrain source depths and moment tensors. Our results show that all six events nucleated within the upper crust (<11 km depth) and have thrust mechanisms. This finding supports other studies that call into question the existence of lower crustal or mantle events beneath the Zagros Mountains. C1 [Adams, Aubreya; Brazier, Richard; Nyblade, Andrew] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rodgers, Arthur] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Al-Amri, Abdullah] King Saud Univ, Seism Studies Ctr, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. [Al-Amri, Abdullah] King Saud Univ, Dept Geol, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. RP Adams, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, 801 Deike Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aadams@geosc.psu.edu; rab27@psu.edu; andy@geosc.psu.edu; rodgers7@llnl.gov; amri444@yahoo.com RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; OI Brazier, Richard/0000-0003-4607-0023 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FC52-05NA266021, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We would like to thank Yongcheol Park for his assistance with this study, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Data Management System for providing data, and Chuck Ammon for the use of his moment tensor inversion codes. Funding for this study has been provided by the U. S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-FC52-05NA266021). This work was performed in part under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Livermore National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344). NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI EL CERRITO PA PLAZA PROFESSIONAL BLDG, SUITE 201, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 USA SN 0037-1106 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 99 IS 3 BP 2044 EP 2049 DI 10.1785/0120080314 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 455BO UT WOS:000266731200037 ER PT J AU Weaver, ML Qiu, SR Hoyer, JR Casey, WH Nancollas, GH De Yoreo, JJ AF Weaver, Matthew L. Qiu, S. Roger Hoyer, John R. Casey, William H. Nancollas, George H. De Yoreo, James J. TI Surface Aggregation of Urinary Proteins and Aspartic Acid-Rich Peptides on the Faces of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Investigated by In Situ Force Microscopy SO CALCIFIED TISSUE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Biomineralization; Crystal growth; Kinetics; Calcium oxalate monohydrate; Tamm-Horsfall protein; Scanning probe microscopy; Kidney stones; Osteopontin ID TAMM-HORSFALL PROTEIN; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; STONE FORMERS; KIDNEY-STONES; CRYSTALLIZATION; INHIBITION; OSTEOPONTIN; KINETICS; MINERALIZATION; NEPHROCALCIN AB The growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate in the presence of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), osteopontin, and the 27-residue synthetic peptides (DDDS)(6)DDD and (DDDG)(6)DDD (D = aspartic acid, S = serine, and G = glycine) was investigated via in situ atomic force microscopy. The results show that these four growth modulators create extensive deposits on the crystal faces. Depending on the modulator and crystal face, these deposits can occur as discrete aggregates, filamentary structures, or uniform coatings. These proteinaceous films can lead to either the inhibition of or an increase in the step speeds (with respect to the impurity-free system), depending on a range of factors that include peptide or protein concentration, supersaturation, and ionic strength. While THP and the linear peptides act, respectively, to exclusively increase and inhibit growth on the ((1) over bar 01d) face, both exhibit dual functionality on the (010) face, inhibiting growth at low supersaturation or high modulator concentration and accelerating growth at high supersaturation or low modulator concentration. Based on analyses of growth morphologies and dependencies of step speeds on supersaturation and protein or peptide concentration, we propose a picture of growth modulation that accounts for the observations in terms of the strength of binding to the surfaces and steps and the interplay of electrostatic and solvent-induced forces at the crystal surface. C1 [De Yoreo, James J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Weaver, Matthew L.; Casey, William H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weaver, Matthew L.; Casey, William H.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Weaver, Matthew L.; Qiu, S. Roger] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hoyer, John R.] Univ Delaware, Dept Biol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Nancollas, George H.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP De Yoreo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mlweaver1@gmail.com; jjdeyoreo@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [DK33501, DK61673, DE03223]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK33501, DK61673 and DE03223). This work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy in part by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and in part at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, with support from the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0171-967X J9 CALCIFIED TISSUE INT JI Calcif. Tissue Int. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 6 BP 462 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s00223-009-9223-0 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 451OF UT WOS:000266478800006 PM 19294448 ER PT J AU Courtin-Nomade, A Grosbois, C Marcus, MA Fakra, SC Beny, JM Foster, AL AF Courtin-Nomade, Alexandra Grosbois, Cecile Marcus, Matthew A. Fakra, Sirine C. Beny, Jean-Michel Foster, Andrea L. TI THE WEATHERING OF A SULFIDE OREBODY: SPECIATION AND FATE OF SOME POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS SO CANADIAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Session on Minerals in Contaminated Environments - Characterization, Stability, Impact held at the Frontiers in Mineral Sciences Meeting CY JUN, 2007 CL Cambridge, ENGLAND SP Mineralog Soc Great Britain & Ireland, Mineralog Soc Amer, Mineralog Assoc Canada, Soc Francaise Mineralog Cristallog DE potentially toxic trace elements; acid mine-drainage; Fe and Mn oxides; jarosite; micro-Raman spectra; California ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; SECONDARY MINERALOGY; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PYRITE OXIDATION; SOUTHWEST SPAIN; RIO-TINTO; IRON; TAILINGS; SULFATE; METALS AB Various potentially toxic trace elements such as As, Cu, Pb and Zn have been remobilized by the weathering of a sulfide orebody that was only partially mined at Leona Heights, California. As a result, this body has both natural and anthropogenically modified weathering profiles only 500 m apart. The orebody is located in a heavily urbanized area in suburban Oakland, and directly affects water quality in at least one stream by producing acidic conditions and relatively high concentrations of dissolved elements (e.g., similar to 500 mg/L Cu, similar to 3700 mg/L Zn). Micrometric-scale mineralogical investigations were performed on the authigenic metal-bearing phases (less than 10 mm in size) using electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA), micro-Raman, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (mu XAS), scanning X-ray diffraction (mu SXRD) and scanning X-ray fluorescence (mu SXRF) mapping techniques. Those measurements were coupled with classical mineralogical laboratory techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Authigenic metal-bearing phases identified are mainly sulfates (jarosite, epsomite, schwertmannite), Fe (oxy-)hydroxides (goethite, hematite and poorly crystalline Fe products) and poorly crystalline Mn (hydr-)oxides. Sulfates and Fe (oxy-) hydroxides are the two main secondary products at both sites, whereas Mn ( hydr-) oxides were only observed in the samples from the non-mining site. In these samples, the various trace elements show different affinities for Fe or Mn compounds. Lead is preferentially associated with Mn (hydr-) oxides and As with Fe (oxy-) hydroxides or sulfates. Copper association with Mn and Fe phases is questionable, and the results obtained rather indicate that Cu is present as individual Cu-rich grains (Cu hydroxides). Some ochreous precipitates were found at both sites and correspond to a mixture of schwertmannite, goethite and jarosite containing some potentially toxic trace elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn. According to the trace element distribution and relative abundance of the unweathered sulfides, this orebody still represents a significant reservoir of potential contaminants for the watershed, especially at the non-mining site, as a much greater proportion of sulfides is left to react and because of the lower porosity at this site. C1 [Courtin-Nomade, Alexandra; Grosbois, Cecile] Univ Limoges, GRESE, IFR GEIST 145, FST, F-87060 Limoges, France. [Marcus, Matthew A.; Fakra, Sirine C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beny, Jean-Michel] Inst Sci Terre Orleans, CNRS, F-45071 Orleans, France. [Foster, Andrea L.] US Geol Survey, Mineral Resources Div, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Courtin-Nomade, A (reprint author), Univ Limoges, GRESE, IFR GEIST 145, FST, 123 Ave A Thomas, F-87060 Limoges, France. EM alexandra.courtin@unilim.fr NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 10 PU MINERALOGICAL ASSOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 78087, MERILINE POSTAL OUTLET, 1460 MERIVALE RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2E 1B1, CANADA SN 0008-4476 J9 CAN MINERAL JI Can. Mineral. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 3 BP 493 EP 508 DI 10.3749/canmin.47.3.493 PG 16 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA 472PW UT WOS:000268145100002 ER PT J AU Xu, R Boudreau, A Bissell, M AF Xu, Ren Boudreau, Aaron Bissell, Mina J. TI Tissue architecture and function: dynamic reciprocity via extra- and intra-cellular matrices SO CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Acinar morphogenesis; Chromatin organization; Cytoskeleton; Extracellular matrix; Mammary-specific function; Microenvironment; Tissue architecture ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; PROTEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TRANSGENIC MICE; STEM-CELLS; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCER; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; HISTONE ACETYLATION; MYOEPITHELIAL CELLS AB Mammary gland development, functional differentiation, and homeostasis are orchestrated and sustained by a balance of biochemical and biophysical cues from the organ's microenvironment. The three-dimensional microenvironment of the mammary gland, predominantly 'encoded' by a collaboration between the extracellular matrix (ECM), hormones, and growth factors, sends signals from ECM receptors through the cytoskeletal intracellular matrix to nuclear and chromatin structures resulting in gene expression; the ECM in turn is regulated and remodeled by signals from the nucleus. In this chapter, we discuss how coordinated ECM deposition and remodeling is necessary for mammary gland development, how the ECM provides structural and biochemical cues necessary for tissue-specific function, and the role of the cytoskeleton in mediating the extra-to intracellular dialogue occurring between the nucleus and the microenvironment. When operating normally, the cytoskeletal-mediated dynamic and reciprocal integration of tissue architecture and function directs mammary gland development, tissue polarity, and ultimately, tissue-specific gene expression. Cancer occurs when these dynamic interactions go awry for an extended time. C1 [Xu, Ren; Boudreau, Aaron; Bissell, Mina J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977-225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RXu@lbl.gov; MJBissell@lbl.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy [DOE-AC03-76SF00098]; National Institutes of Health [CA112970-01, R01CA057621, R01CA064786]; Breast Cancer Research Program (BCRP) of the Department of Defense (DOD); DOD BCRP [DAMD17-02-1-0441, W81XWH-05-1-0339]; California BCRP Dissertation Award FX We apologize to those whose work could not be cited due to space limitations. This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy (DOE-AC03-76SF00098), the National Institutes of Health (CA112970-01), (R01CA057621) to Zena Werb and M. J. B., (R01CA064786) to M. J. B. and the Breast Cancer Research Program (BCRP) of the Department of Defense (DOD) (Innovator Award) to M. J. B. M.JB. is a Distinguished Scientist of the OBER Office of the DOE. Support was also provided by a DOD BCRP postdoctoral fellowship DAMD17-02-1-0441 to R. X., a predoctoral fellowship W81XWH-05-1-0339 to A. T. B, and by a California BCRP Dissertation Award to ATB. NR 85 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7659 J9 CANCER METAST REV JI Cancer Metastasis Rev. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10555-008-9178-z PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 423DM UT WOS:000264476600014 PM 19160017 ER PT J AU McCarty, KF Feibelman, PJ Loginova, E Bartelt, NC AF McCarty, Kevin F. Feibelman, Peter J. Loginova, Elena Bartelt, Norman C. TI Kinetics and thermodynamics of carbon segregation and graphene growth on Ru(0001) SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ELECTRON-ENERGY-LOSS; RU(11(2)OVER-BAR-0) CATALYSTS; METHANE DECOMPOSITION; EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE; SURFACES; TRANSITION; RUTHENIUM; PHASE AB We measure the concentration of carbon adatoms on the Ru(0001) surface that are in equilibrium with C atoms in the crystal's bulk by monitoring the electron reflectivity of the surface while imaging. During cooling from high temperature, C atoms segregate to the Ru surface, causing graphene islands to nucleate. Using low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), we measure the growth rate of individual graphene islands and, simultaneously, the local concentration of C adatoms on the surface. We find that graphene growth is fed by the supersaturated, two-dimensional gas of C adatoms rather than by direct exchange between the bulk C and the graphene. At long times, the rate at which C diffuses from the bulk to the surface controls the graphene growth rate. The competition among C in three states - dissolved in Ru, as an adatom, and in graphene - is quantified and discussed. The adatom segregation enthalpy determined by applying the simple Langmuir-McLean model to the temperature-dependent equilibrium concentration seriously disagrees with the value calculated from first-principles. This discrepancy suggests that the assumption in the model of non-interacting C is not valid. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McCarty, Kevin F.; Loginova, Elena; Bartelt, Norman C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Feibelman, Peter J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McCarty, KF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mccarty@sandia.gov RI McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; FU US DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank J.C. Hamilton for informative discussions. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering of the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 47 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JUN PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 1806 EP 1813 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.03.004 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 447XT UT WOS:000266226000023 ER PT J AU Bai, W Holbery, J Li, KC AF Bai, Wen Holbery, James Li, Kaichang TI A technique for production of nanocrystalline cellulose with a narrow size distribution SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC); Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC); Differential centrifugation; Narrow size distribution; Transmission electron microscope (TEM) ID ACID-HYDROLYSIS; WHISKERS; NANOCOMPOSITES; SUSPENSIONS; MICROCRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR AB Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. A differential centrifugation technique was studied to obtain NCC whiskers with a narrow size distribution. It was shown that the volume of NCC in different fractions had an inverse relationship with relative centrifugal force (RCF). The length of NCC whiskers was also fractionized by differential RCF. The aspect ratio of NCC in different fractions had a relatively narrow range. This technique provides an easy way of producing NCC whiskers with a narrow size distribution. C1 [Bai, Wen; Li, Kaichang] Oregon State Univ, Wood Sci & Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Holbery, James] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, KC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Wood Sci & Engn Dept, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kaichang.li@oregonstate.edu FU Schill + Seilacher "Struktol'' AG, Hamburg, Germany FX Financial support for this research was provided by Schill + Seilacher "Struktol'' AG, Hamburg, Germany. NR 23 TC 93 Z9 100 U1 8 U2 76 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 455 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9277-1 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 442HE UT WOS:000265831500011 ER PT J AU Turchi, CS AF Turchi, Craig S. TI RENEWABLE POWER STORAGE SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Turchi, CS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 105 IS 6 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 458CE UT WOS:000266990000002 ER PT J AU Wang, JW AF Wang Ju-Wen TI Some aspects in accelerator structure studies at SLAC SO CHINESE PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE e(+) sources; e(-) sources; RF deflector; RF gun; light source; linear collider; high gradient AB Recent progress in the accelerator structure studies at SLAG is reported. This paper covers the room temperature accelerator structures for the ILC e(+)/e(-) sources; RF structures for some photon science projects including RF deflectors and the LCLS RF gun; the high gradient accelerator R&D in a global CLIC collaboration for the future multi-TeV linear colliders. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wang, JW (reprint author), SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM jywap@slac.stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-76SF00515) NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-1137 J9 CHINESE PHYS C JI Chin. Phys. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 SU 2 BP 96 EP 101 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V21GA UT WOS:000208194900026 ER PT J AU Teng, LC AF Teng, Lee C. TI Conceptual and technological evolutions of particle accelerators SO CHINESE PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE Acceleration concept; technology evulotion; beam dynamics; technological application AB We give here an ordered list of all types of particle accelerators and exhibit how each type evolves conceptually and/or technologically from the preceding. This is in contrast to the usual "history of particle accelerators" in which unrelated accelerator types are listed in the chronological order. It is hoped that this discussion and understanding of the rationale and logic in the evolution of one accelerator type to the next will help to educe future inventions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Teng, LC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-1137 J9 CHINESE PHYS C JI Chin. Phys. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 SU 2 BP 112 EP 114 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V21GA UT WOS:000208194900030 ER PT J AU Chao, A AF Chao, Alex TI SLIM - a formalism for linear coupled systems SO CHINESE PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE linear coupling; eigen modes; beam emittance; depolarization time; SLIM AB A SLIM formalism to deal with a general, linearly coupled accelerator lattice is summarized. Its application to a wide range of accelerator calculations is emphasized. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chao, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX Supported by Department of Energy (DE-AC02-76SF00515) NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-1137 J9 CHINESE PHYS C JI Chin. Phys. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 SU 2 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA V21GA UT WOS:000208194900031 ER PT J AU Akbari, H Menon, S Rosenfeld, A AF Akbari, Hashem Menon, Surabi Rosenfeld, Arthur TI Global cooling: increasing world-wide urban albedos to offset CO2 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIR-QUALITY; STRATEGIES; REDUCTION; PIGMENTS; SURFACES; BUDGET; MODEL AB Increasing urban albedo can reduce summertime temperatures, resulting in better air quality and savings from reduced air-conditioning costs. In addition, increasing urban albedo can result in less absorption of incoming solar radiation by the surface-troposphere system, countering to some extent the global scale effects of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Pavements and roofs typically constitute over 60% of urban surfaces (roof 20-25%, pavements about 40%). Using reflective materials, both roof and pavement albedos can be increased by about 0.25 and 0.15, respectively, resulting in a net albedo increase for urban areas of about 0.1. On a global basis, we estimate that increasing the world-wide albedos of urban roofs and paved surfaces will induce a negative radiative forcing on the earth equivalent to offsetting about 44 Gt of CO2 emissions. At similar to$25/tonne of CO2, a 44 Gt CO2 emission offset from changing the albedo of roofs and paved surfaces is worth about $1,100 billion. Furthermore, many studies have demonstrated reductions of more than 20% in cooling costs for buildings whose rooftop albedo has been increased from 10-20% to about 60% (in the US, potential savings exceed $1 billion per year). Our estimated CO2 offsets from albedo modifications are dependent on assumptions used in this study, but nevertheless demonstrate remarkable global cooling potentials that may be obtained from cooler roofs and pavements. C1 [Akbari, Hashem; Menon, Surabi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rosenfeld, Arthur] Calif Energy Commiss, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Akbari, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM H_Akbari@lbl.gov; Arosenfe@energy.state.ca.us FU California Energy Commission (CEC); Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) through its Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER) and by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Dr. Ken Caldeira for enlightening us about radiative forcing and Dr. M. MacCracken for extensive comments and discussions. Additional thoughtful comments from G. Franco, M. Jacobson, and J. Sathaye helped improve this paper. R. Levinson helped us with the analysis of urban areas, using the GRUMP (Urban Extension) data. NR 37 TC 149 Z9 157 U1 11 U2 64 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUN PY 2009 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9515-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445VI UT WOS:000266079200005 ER PT J AU Kennedy, TL Gutzler, DS Leung, RL AF Kennedy, Thomas L. Gutzler, David S. Leung, Ruby L. TI Predicting future threats to the long-term survival of Gila trout using a high-resolution simulation of climate change SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID GREENBACK CUTTHROAT TROUT; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ONCORHYNCHUS-GILAE; STREAM TEMPERATURE; WATER TEMPERATURE; CHANGE SCENARIOS; THERMAL REGIMES; MADISON RIVER; HABITAT; RECOVERY AB Regional climates are a major factor in determining the distribution of many species. Anthropogenic inputs of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere have been predicted to cause rapid climatic changes in the next 50-100 years. Species such as the Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae) that have small ranges, limited dispersal capabilities, and narrow physiological tolerances will become increasingly susceptible to extinction as their climate envelope changes. This study uses a regional climate change simulation (Leung et al., Clim Change 62:75-113, 2004) to determine changes in the climate envelope for Gila trout, which is sensitive to maximum temperature, associated with a plausible scenario for greenhouse gas increases. These regional climate changes are downscaled to derive surface temperature lapse rates using regression models. This procedure indicates that suitable, warm season habitat for Gila trout will be reduced by 70% by decreasing the size of their climate envelope. Warmer temperatures coupled with a decrease in summer precipitation would also tend to increase the intensity and frequency of forest fires that are a major threat to their survival. The climate envelope approach utilized here could be used to assess climate change threats to other rare species with limited ranges and dispersal capabilities. C1 [Kennedy, Thomas L.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Gutzler, David S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Leung, Ruby L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kennedy, TL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tkennedy@unm.edu; gutzler@unm.edu; ruby.leung@pnl.gov OI Gutzler, David/0000-0001-6476-8412 FU NSF Integrative Graduate Education Research and Training (IGERT); NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas; US CLIVAR Program; U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX T. Kennedy's research is funded in part by the NSF Integrative Graduate Education Research and Training (IGERT). D. Gutzler's research is funded by the NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas, in support of the US CLIVAR Program. The climate simulations used in this study were performed as part of the Accelerated Climate Prediction Initiative, funded by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUN PY 2009 VL 94 IS 3-4 BP 503 EP 515 DI 10.1007/s10584-008-9503-0 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 445VI UT WOS:000266079200017 ER PT J AU Agarwal, R Gonzalez-Angulo, AM Myhre, S Carey, M Lee, JS Overgaard, J Alsner, J Stemke-Hale, K Lluch, A Neve, RM Kuo, WL Sorlie, T Sahin, A Valero, V Keyomarsi, K Gray, JW Borresen-Dale, AL Mills, GB Hennessy, BT AF Agarwal, Roshan Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana-Maria Myhre, Simen Carey, Mark Lee, Ju-Seog Overgaard, Jens Alsner, Jan Stemke-Hale, Katherine Lluch, Ana Neve, Richard M. Kuo, Wen Lin Sorlie, Therese Sahin, Aysegul Valero, Vicente Keyomarsi, Khandan Gray, Joe W. Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise Mills, Gordon B. Hennessy, Bryan T. TI Integrative Analysis of Cyclin Protein Levels Identifies Cyclin B1 as a Classifier and Predictor of Outcomes in Breast Cancer SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PROGNOSTIC VALUE; EXPRESSION; D1; SURVIVAL; OVEREXPRESSION; THERAPY; FAILURE; TUMORS; P53 AB Purpose: We studied the expression levels of cyclins B1, D1, and E1 and the implications of cyclin overexpression for patient outcomes in distinct breast cancer subtypes defined by clinical variables and transcriptional profiling. Experimental Design: The expression levels of cyclins B1, D1, and El were quantified in 779 breast tumors and 53 cell lines using reverse phase protein arrays and/or transcriptional profiling. Results: Whereas cyclin E1 overexpression was a specific marker of triple-negative and basal-like tumors, cyclin B1 overexpression occurred in poor prognosis hormone receptor-positive, luminal B and basal-like breast cancers. Cyclin D1 overexpression occurred in luminal and normal-like cancers. Breast cancer subgroups defined by integrated expression of cyclins B1, D1, and El correlated significantly (P < 0.000001) with tumor subtypes defined by transcriptional profiling and clinical criteria. Across three hormone receptor-positive data sets, cyclin B1 was the dominant cyclin associated with poor prognosis in univariate and multivariate analyses. Although CCNE1 was present in significantly higher copy numbers in basal-like versus other subtypes (ANOVA P < 0.001), CCNB1 gene copy number did not show gain in breast cancer. Instead, cyclin B1 expression was increased in tumors with co-occurrence of TP53 mutations and MYC amplification, a combination that seems to characterize basal-like and luminal B tumors. CCNB1 gene expression was significantly correlated with PLK, CENPE, and AURKB gene expression. Conclusion: Cyclins B1, D1, and E1 have distinct expressions in different breast cancer subtypes. Novel PLK, CENPE, and AURKB inhibitors should be assessed for therapeutic utility in poor prognosis cyclin B1-overexpressing breast cancers. C1 [Agarwal, Roshan; Gonzalez-Angulo, Ana-Maria; Carey, Mark; Lee, Ju-Seog; Stemke-Hale, Katherine; Sahin, Aysegul; Valero, Vicente; Keyomarsi, Khandan; Mills, Gordon B.; Hennessy, Bryan T.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Agarwal, Roshan] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Med Oncol, London, England. [Myhre, Simen; Sorlie, Therese; Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise] Univ Oslo, Rikshosp, Univ Hosp, Norwegian Radium Hosp,Dept Genet,Inst Canc Res, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. [Myhre, Simen; Borresen-Dale, Anne-Lise] Univ Oslo, Norwegian Radium Hosp, Fac Med, Fac Div, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. [Sorlie, Therese] Univ Oslo, Inst Informat, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. [Overgaard, Jens; Alsner, Jan] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Expt Clin Oncol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Lluch, Ana] Univ Valencia, Clin Hosp, Valencia, Spain. [Neve, Richard M.; Kuo, Wen Lin; Gray, Joe W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hennessy, BT (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, 1515 Holcombe Blvd,Unit 1364, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bhennessy@mdanderson.org RI Alsner, Jan/A-3056-2009; Stemke-Hale, Katherine/K-9113-2013; Sorlie, Therese/B-1413-2015 OI Alsner, Jan/0000-0002-5395-3193; Stemke-Hale, Katherine/0000-0002-1231-4192; Sorlie, Therese/0000-0002-5995-2319 FU Susan G. Komen Foundation Biomarkers Identification and Validation Award [FAS0703849]; Cancer Research UK Clinician Scientist; Research Council of Norway [175240/S10]; MDACC Physician Scientist Program; Robert and Janice McNair Foundation FX Kleberg Center for Molecular Markers at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute grant PO1CA099031 (G.B. Mills), The Susan G. Komen Foundation Biomarkers Identification and Validation Award FAS0703849 (B.T. Hennessy, A.M. Gonzalez-Angulo, and G.B. Mills), Cancer Research UK Clinician Scientist award (R. Agarwal), the Research Council of Norway grant 175240/S10 (A.L. Borresen-Dale), The MDACC Physician Scientist Program, and the McNair Scholars Program supported by the Robert and Janice McNair Foundation (B.T. Hennessy). The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisementin accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. NR 26 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1078-0432 EI 1557-3265 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 15 IS 11 BP 3654 EP 3662 DI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-3293 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 454CJ UT WOS:000266659000003 PM 19470724 ER PT J AU Iamnitchi, A Doraimani, S Garzoglio, G AF Iamnitchi, Adriana Doraimani, Shyamala Garzoglio, Gabriele TI Workload characterization in a high-energy data grid and impact on resource management SO CLUSTER COMPUTING-THE JOURNAL OF NETWORKS SOFTWARE TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Grid computing; Workload characterization; Data management AB The analysis of data usage in a large set of real traces from a high-energy physics collaboration revealed the existence of an emergent grouping of files that we coined "filecules". This paper presents the benefits of using this file grouping for prestaging data and compares it with previously proposed file grouping techniques along a range of performance metrics. Our experiments with real workloads demonstrate that filecule grouping is a reliable and useful abstraction for data management in science Grids; that preserving time locality for data prestaging is highly recommended; that job reordering with respect to data availability has significant impact on throughput; and finally, that a relatively short history of traces is a good predictor for filecule grouping. Our experimental results provide lessons for workload modeling and suggest design guidelines for data management in data-intensive resource-sharing environments. C1 [Iamnitchi, Adriana; Doraimani, Shyamala] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Garzoglio, Gabriele] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Iamnitchi, A (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM anda@cse.usf.edu; sdoraimani@gmail.com; garzoglio@fnal.gov FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0716343, CNS-0831785] FX This material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. CNS-0716343 and CNS-0831785. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1386-7857 EI 1573-7543 J9 CLUSTER COMPUT JI Cluster Comput. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 12 IS 2 SI SI BP 153 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10586-009-0081-3 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 473LT UT WOS:000268208900004 ER PT J AU Kasper, T Osswald, P Struckmeier, U Kohse-Hoinghaus, K Taatjes, CA Wang, J Cool, TA Law, ME Morel, A Westmoreland, PR AF Kasper, T. Osswald, P. Struckmeier, U. Kohse-Hoeinghaus, K. Taatjes, C. A. Wang, J. Cool, T. A. Law, M. E. Morel, A. Westmoreland, P. R. TI Combustion chemistry of the propanol isomers - investigated by electron ionization and VUV-photoionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Propanol; Laminar flame; Molecular-beam mass spectrometry ID FUEL-RICH; CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-PRESSURE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ALKYLPEROXY RADICALS; HYDROCARBON FLAMES; GASEOUS OXIDATION; DIFFUSION FLAMES; ETHANOL; ISOPROPANOL AB The combustion of 1-propanol and 2-propanol was studied in low-pressure, premixed flat flames using two independent molecular-beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) techniques. For each alcohol, a set of three flames with different stoichiometries was measured, providing an extensive data base with in total twelve conditions. Profiles of stable and intermediate species, including several radicals, were measured as a function of height above the burner. The major-species mole fraction profiles in the 1-propanol flames and the 2-propanol flames of corresponding stoichiometry are nearly identical, and only small quantitative variations in the intermediate species pool could be detected. Differences between flames of the isomeric fuels are most pronounced for oxygenated intermediates that can be formed directly from the fuel during the oxidation process. The analysis of the species pool in the set of flames was greatly facilitated by using two complementary MBMS techniques. One apparatus employs electron ionization (EI) and the other uses VUV light for single-photon ionization (VUV-PI). The photoionization technique offers a much higher energy resolution than electron ionization and as a consequence, near-threshold photoionization-efficiency measurements provide selective detection of individual isomers. The EI data are recorded with a higher mass resolution than the PI spectra, thus enabling separation of mass overlaps of species with similar ionization energies that may be difficult to distinguish in the photoionization data. The quantitative agreement between the EI- and PI-datasets is good. In addition, the information in the EI- and PI-datasets is complementary, aiding in the assessment of the quality of individual burner profiles. The species profiles are supplemented by flame temperature profiles. The considerable experimental efforts to unambiguously assign intermediate species and to provide reliable quantitative concentrations are thought to be valuable for improving the mechanisms for higher alcohol combustion. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Kasper, T.; Taatjes, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kasper, T.; Osswald, P.; Struckmeier, U.; Kohse-Hoeinghaus, K.] Univ Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [Wang, J.; Cool, T. A.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Law, M. E.; Morel, A.; Westmoreland, P. R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Kasper, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM tkasper@sandia.gov RI Kohse-Hoinghaus, Katharina/A-3867-2012; Osswald, Patrick/N-3377-2013; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017 OI Osswald, Patrick/0000-0002-2257-2988; Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316 NR 55 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2009 VL 156 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1201 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.023 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 443EB UT WOS:000265891900005 ER PT J AU Schefer, RW Kulatilaka, WD Patterson, BD Settersten, TB AF Schefer, R. W. Kulatilaka, W. D. Patterson, B. D. Settersten, T. B. TI Visible emission of hydrogen flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen flames; Flame spectroscopy; Flame emissions ID HIGH-PRESSURE; CHEMILUMINESCENCE; SPECTRA; CONTINUUM; ORIGIN; OXYGEN AB The common misconception that hydrogen flames are not visible is examined. Examples are presented of clearly visible emissions from typical hydrogen flames. It is shown that while visible emissions from these flames are considerably weaker than those from comparable hydrocarbon flames, they are indeed visible, albeit at reduced light levels in most cases. Detailed flame spectra are presented to characterize flame emission bands in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the spectrum that result in a visible hydrogen flame. The visible blue emission is emphasized, and recorded spectra indicate that fine spectral structure is superimposed on a broadband continuum extending from the ultraviolet into the visible region. Tests were performed to show that this emission does not arise from carbon or nitrogen chemistry resulting from carbon-containing impurities (hydrocarbons) in the hydrogen fuel or from CO(2) or N(2) entrainment from the surrounding air. The spectral structure, however, is also observed in methane flames. The magnitude of the broadband emission increases with flame temperature in a highly nonlinear manner while the finer spectral structure is insensitive to temperature. A comparison of diffusion and premixed H(2) flames shows that the fine scale structure is comparable in both flames. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schefer, R. W.; Kulatilaka, W. D.; Patterson, B. D.; Settersten, T. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schefer, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rwsche@sandia.gov RI Settersten, Thomas/B-3480-2009; Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012 OI Settersten, Thomas/0000-0002-8017-0258; NR 18 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2009 VL 156 IS 6 BP 1234 EP 1241 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.011 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 443EB UT WOS:000265891900009 ER PT J AU Blazewicz, J Bryja, M Figlerowicz, M Gawron, P Kasprzak, M Kirton, E Platt, D Przybytek, J Swiercz, A Szajkowski, L AF Blazewicz, Jacek Bryja, Marcin Figlerowicz, Marek Gawron, Piotr Kasprzak, Marta Kirton, Edward Platt, Darren Przybytek, Jakub Swiercz, Aleksandra Szajkowski, Lukasz TI Whole genome assembly from 454 sequencing output via modified DNA graph concept SO COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DNA assembly; 454 sequencing; DNA graph ID HYBRIDIZATION; SUBSEQUENCES; ALGORITHMS; ERRORS AB Recently, 454 Life Sciences Corporation proposed a new biochemical approach to DNA sequencing (the 454 sequencing). It is based on the pyrosequencing protocol. The 454 sequencing aims to give reliable output at a low cost and in a short time. The produced sequences are shorter than reads produced by classical methods. Our paper proposes a new DNA assembly algorithm which deals well with such data and outperforms other assembly algorithms used in practice. The constructed SR-ASM algorithm is a heuristic method based on a graph model, the graph being a modified DNA graph proposed for DNA sequencing by hybridization procedure. Other new features of the assembly algorithm are, among others, temporary compression of input sequences, and a new and fast multiple alignment heuristics taking advantage of the way the output data for the 454 sequencing are presented and coded. The usefulness of the algorithm has been proved in tests on raw data generated during sequencing of the whole 1.84Mbp genome of Prochlorococcus marinus bacteria and also on a part of chromosome 15 of Homo sapiens. The source code of SR-ASM can be downloaded from http://bio.cs.put.poznan.pl/ in the section 'Current research' -> 'DNA Assembly'. Among publicly available assemblers our algorithm appeared to generate the best results, especially in the number of produced contigs and in the lengths of the contigs; with high similarity to the genome sequence. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Blazewicz, Jacek; Bryja, Marcin; Gawron, Piotr; Kasprzak, Marta; Przybytek, Jakub; Swiercz, Aleksandra] Poznan Tech Univ, Inst Comp Sci, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland. [Kirton, Edward; Platt, Darren; Szajkowski, Lukasz] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Blazewicz, Jacek; Figlerowicz, Marek; Kasprzak, Marta; Swiercz, Aleksandra] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bioorgan Chem, PL-61704 Poznan, Poland. RP Swiercz, A (reprint author), Poznan Tech Univ, Inst Comp Sci, Piotrowo 2, PL-60965 Poznan, Poland. EM aswiercz@cs.put.poznan.pl RI Kasprzak, Marta/H-9242-2012; Swiercz, Aleksandra/K-6507-2014; Blazewicz, Jacek/L-5597-2014; Figlerowicz, Marek/B-9550-2015 OI Blazewicz, Jacek/0000-0001-8326-1094; FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N519 314635] FX The research has been partially supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education grant N N519 314635. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1476-9271 J9 COMPUT BIOL CHEM JI Comput. Biol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 33 IS 3 BP 224 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2009.04.005 PG 7 WC Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Computer Science GA 464QR UT WOS:000267521200005 PM 19477687 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lekue, A Wang, LW AF Garcia-Lekue, A. Wang, L. W. TI Self-consistent non-equilibrium transport using plane waves SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Computational nano technology; Electronic structure; Quantum transport ID 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; CONDUCTANCE; RESISTANCE; MOLECULES; JUNCTION; DEVICE; FIELD; WIRE AB In this work, we present a detail description of a self-consistent ab initio procedure for modeling the non-equilibrium elastic electron transport through a nanostructure coupled to semi-infinite external electrodes and with a finite applied bias voltage. Our method is based on the approach presented in Wang [L.W. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005) 0454171 and Garcia-Lekue and Wang [A. Garcia-Lekue, L.W. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005) 0454171, where the coherent quantum transport is calculated by means of the exact scattering states with plane wave non-local pseudopotentials, using periodic boundary conditions. In our previous calculation, the charge density and the electron potential were not calculated self-consistently even for a finite bias problem. Here, we introduce an iterative approach to obtain the self-consistent charge density and potential. Our self-consistent algorithm employs Pulay-Kerker mixing scheme and is found to provide fast, accurate and stable numerical solutions of the non-equilibrium problem. Details of the method are presented thus the readers can implement the method easily. As an illustration of our method, non-equilibrium transport properties for a model system made up of a di-thiol-benzene molecule connected by two Cu wires are calculated. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Garcia-Lekue, A.] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Wang, L. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Garcia-Lekue, A (reprint author), Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. EM wmbgalea@lg.ehu.es RI DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014 FU DMS/BES/SC of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC) FX This work has been supported by the DMS/BES/SC of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; It used the resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.01.006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460JE UT WOS:000267183200024 ER PT J AU Welser-Sherrill, L Cooley, JH Wilson, DC AF Welser-Sherrill, L. Cooley, J. H. Wilson, D. C. TI Interactive tools designed to study mix in inertial confinement fusion implosions SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Mix models; Fall-line; Inertial confinement fusion ID IGNITION AB Graphical user interface tools have been built in IDL to study mix in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosion cores. FLAME, a code which investigates yield degradation due to mix, was designed to post-process 1D hydrodynamic simulation output by implementing a variety of mix models. Three of these mix models are based on the physics of the fall-line. In addition, mixing data from other sources can be incorporated into the yield degradation analysis. Two independent tools called NAME and YAME were developed to calculate the spatial extent of the mix region according to the Haan saturation model and Youngs' phenomenological model, respectively. FLAME facilitates a direct comparison to experimental data. The FLAME. NAME, and YAME interfaces are user-friendly, flexible, and platform-independent. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Welser-Sherrill, L.; Cooley, J. H.; Wilson, D. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Welser-Sherrill, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lwelser@lanl.gov FU DOE-NLUF [DE-FG52-2005NA2601] FX The authors wish to thank Roberto Mancini (University of Nevada) and Riccardo Tommasini (LLNL) for providing experimental data and technical expertise. The experiments were performed under DOE-NLUF grant DE-FG52-2005NA2601. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 180 IS 6 BP 835 EP 841 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2008.11.025 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 454CX UT WOS:000266660400004 ER PT J AU Umansky, MV Xu, XQ Dudson, B LoDestro, LL Myra, JR AF Umansky, M. V. Xu, X. Q. Dudson, B. LoDestro, L. L. Myra, J. R. TI Status and verification of edge plasma turbulence code BOUT SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Edge plasma turbulence ID TOKAMAK TURBULENCE; FLUID SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; FIELD; DIFFERENCE; TRANSITION; EQUATIONS; GEOMETRY AB The BOUT code is a detailed numerical model of tokamak edge turbulence based on collisional plasma fluid equations. BOUT solves for time evolution of plasma fluid variables: plasma density N-i, parallel ion velocity V-parallel to i, electron temperature T-e, ion temperature T-i, electric potential phi, parallel current j(parallel to), and parallel vector potential A(parallel to), in realistic 3D divertor tokamak geometry. The current status of the code, physics model, algorithms, and implementation is described. Results of verification testing are presented along with illustrative applications to tokamak edge turbulence. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Umansky, M. V.; Xu, X. Q.; LoDestro, L. L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dudson, B.] Univ York, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Myra, J. R.] Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Umansky, MV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM umansky@llnl.gov OI Dudson, Benjamin/0000-0002-0094-4867 NR 35 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 EI 1879-2944 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 180 IS 6 BP 887 EP 903 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2008.12.012 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 454CX UT WOS:000266660400011 ER PT J AU Faircloth, BC Terhune, TM Schable, NA Glenn, TC Palmer, WE Carroll, JP AF Faircloth, Brant C. Terhune, Theron M. Schable, Nancy A. Glenn, Travis C. Palmer, William E. Carroll, John P. TI Ten microsatellite loci from Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Microsatellites; SSRs; Galliformes; Northern Bobwhite; Colinus virginianus ID NATURAL-POPULATIONS; RELATEDNESS AB Ecological studies using microsatellite data often require the selection of an optimal marker set for use in parentage and relatedness inference. Commonly, this requires a candidate pool of microsatellite markers from which several are selected to ensure data are acquired efficiently and accurately. We developed 10 microsatellite loci for use with Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and tested these loci using individuals collected from two distinct populations in GA and VA. Our new markers yielded seven alleles/locus (range: 2-16) in the Georgia population and six alleles/locus (range: 2-13) in the Virginia population. Exclusionary power of all markers in each population with both parents unknown was > 0.98. These microsatellite loci should be combined with previously developed markers to select an optimal set for use in subsequent analyses of parentage and relatedness. C1 [Faircloth, Brant C.; Terhune, Theron M.; Carroll, John P.] Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Faircloth, Brant C.; Palmer, William E.] Tall Timbers Res Stn & Land Conservancy, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [Schable, Nancy A.; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Faircloth, Brant C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Faircloth, BC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM brant@ucla.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; OI Faircloth, Brant/0000-0002-1943-0217 FU Tall Timbers Research Station; Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources [GEO-0100-MS, GEO0136-MS]; Georgia Department of Natural Resources [29-WMB-00-105, 29-WMB-03-38]; University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee [A990028M1, A990028C1, A200310109-0]; Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries program FX Financial support was provided by: Tall Timbers Research Station and Land Conservancy's Quail Research Initiative, Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, and McIntire-Stennis projects GEO-0100-MS and GEO0136-MS. Capture and handling of bobwhites in Georgia were approved by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (permits: 29-WMB-00-105 and 29-WMB-03-38), and the University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approvals: A990028M1, A990028C1, and A200310109-0). Bobwhite wings collected in Virginia were salvaged from hunter-killed animals as part of a Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries program. The authors thank Patrick Cook and Steve Capel for the donation of these wings. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 3 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9559-4 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 442HJ UT WOS:000265832000009 ER PT J AU Mora, CI Riciputi, LR Cole, DR Walker, KD AF Mora, Claudia I. Riciputi, Lee R. Cole, David R. Walker, Karen D. TI High-temperature hydrothermal alteration of the Boehls Butte anorthosite: origin of a bimodal plagioclase assemblage SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anorthosite; Oxygen isotopes; Hydrothermal alteration ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION; NORTHERN IDAHO; REGIONAL METAMORPHISM; SHALLOW EMPLACEMENT; GRENVILLE PROVINCE; ALUMINOUS SCHIST; SNOW PEAK; BATHOLITH AB The Boehls Butte anorthosite consists predominantly of an unusual bimodal assemblage of andesine and bytownite-anorthite. Oxygen isotope compositions of the anorthosite were profoundly altered by high temperature, retrograde interaction with meteoric-hydrothermal fluids that varied in composition from isotopically evolved to nearly pristine meteoric water. Oxygen isotope ratios of bulk plagioclase separates are in the range +7.0 to -6.2aEuro degrees V-SMOW, however, secondary ion mass spectrometry indicates spot-sized isotope values as low as -16aEuro degrees. Typical inter- and intra-plagioclase grain variability is 3-6aEuro degrees, and extreme heterogeneity of up to 20aEuro degrees is noted in a few samples. High-temperature hydrothermal alteration of intermediate plagioclase is proposed to explain the origin of bytownite-anorthite in the anorthosite and creation of its unusual bimodal plagioclase assemblage. The anorthite-forming reaction created retrograde reaction-enhanced permeability which, together with rapid decompression, extension, and unroofing of the anorthosite complex, helped to accommodated influx of significant volumes of meteoric-hydrothermal fluids into the anorthosite. C1 [Mora, Claudia I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Riciputi, Lee R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNR, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cole, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Walker, Karen D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Mora, CI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cmora@lanl.gov RI Mora, Claudia/B-5511-2017 OI Mora, Claudia/0000-0003-2042-0208 FU NSF [EAR-8922638]; US DOE [DE-ACO5-00OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [LAUR-08-2539] FX We appreciate anonymous reviews which improved the focus and clarity of the manuscript. We thank John Valley for use of the stable isotope laboratory at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where the initial bulk isotopic analyses were made, and appreciate thoughtful discussions with T. Labotka, P. Larson, J. Valley, and L. Anovitz. This research was supported by NSF EAR-8922638 to CIM and the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE under contract DE-ACO5-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is managed by UT-Battelle LLC. This is publication LAUR-08-2539. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 157 IS 6 BP 781 EP 795 DI 10.1007/s00410-008-0364-3 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 430MV UT WOS:000264994100006 ER PT J AU Zhang, JS AF Zhang, Jinsuo TI A review of steel corrosion by liquid lead and lead-bismuth SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Liquid metal; Corrosion model; Corrosion inhibitor; Oxidation ID FE-CR ALLOYS; MOLTEN LEAD; PB-BI; FLOWING LEAD; STRUCTURAL-MATERIALS; COMPATIBILITY TESTS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; 20KH13 STEEL; HEAVY-METALS; BEHAVIOR AB Liquid metal technologies for liquid lead and lead-bismuth alloy are under wide investigation and development for advanced nuclear energy systems and waste transmutation systems. Material corrosion is one of the main issues studied a lot recently in the development of the liquid metal technology. This study reviews steel corrosion by liquid lead and lead-bismuth, including the corrosion inhibitors and the formation of the protective oxide layer. The available experimental data are analyzed by using a corrosion model in which the oxidation and scale removal are coupled. Based on the model, long-term behaviour of steels in liquid lead and lead-bismuth is predictable. This report provides information for the selection of structural materials for typical nuclear reactor coolant systems when selecting liquid lead or lead-bismuth as heat transfer media. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis & Applicat Div, MS K-575, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jszhang@lanl.gov RI Zhang, Jinsuo/H-4717-2012 OI Zhang, Jinsuo/0000-0002-3412-7769 NR 62 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 7 U2 54 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1207 EP 1227 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.03.013 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 462BF UT WOS:000267319400002 ER PT J AU Hay, BP Custelcean, R AF Hay, Benjamin P. Custelcean, Radu TI Anion-pi Interactions in Crystal Structures: Commonplace or Extraordinary? SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-BOND; AB-INITIO; COMPLEXES; BINDING; CATION; RECOGNITION; RINGS; BR; STRENGTH; NITROGEN AB An in-depth analysis of the distribution of anions about planar six-membered rings in the Cambridge Structural Database reveals anion-pi interactions with charge-neutral pi systems to be extremely rare in crystal structures. The predominant interaction motif is C-H center dot center dot center dot anion hydrogen bonding. C1 [Hay, Benjamin P.; Custelcean, Radu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hay, BP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM haybp@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 43 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 6 BP 2539 EP 2545 DI 10.1021/cg900308b PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 454UQ UT WOS:000266708600001 ER PT J AU Himmel, ME Bayer, EA AF Himmel, Michael E. Bayer, Edward A. TI Lignocellulose conversion to biofuels: current challenges, global perspectives SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Centerm, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bayer, Edward A.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Centerm, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Mike.Himmel@nrel.gov; ed.bayer@weizmann.ac.il NR 0 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 20 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 316 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.05.005 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 477NM UT WOS:000268525800010 PM 19523813 ER PT J AU Wei, H Xu, Q Taylor, LE Baker, JO Tucker, MP Ding, SY AF Wei, Hui Xu, Qi Taylor, Larry E., II Baker, John O. Tucker, Melvin P. Ding, Shi-You TI Natural paradigms of plant cell wall degradation SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; ADENYLATE GRADIENTS; FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; BIOFUEL PRODUCTION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GENOME SEQUENCE; LEGUME NODULES; WHEAT-STRAW; LEAF-LITTER; ATP CONTENT AB Natural processes of recycling carbon from plant cell walls are slow but very efficient, generally involving microbial communities and their secreted enzymes. Efficient combinations of microbial communities and enzymes act in a sequential and synergistic manner to degrade plant cell walls. Recent understanding of plant cell wall ultra-structure, as well as the carbon metabolism, ATIP production, and ecology of participating microbial communities, and the biochemical properties of their cellulolytic enzymes have led to new perspectives on saccharification of biomass. Microbial communities are dynamic functions of the chemical and structural compositions of plant cell wall components. The primitive 'multicellularity' exhibited by certain cellulolytic microorganisms may play a role in facilitating cell-cell communication and cell-plant cell wall-substrate interaction. C1 [Wei, Hui; Xu, Qi; Taylor, Larry E., II; Baker, John O.; Ding, Shi-You] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tucker, Melvin P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ding, SY (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Shi.you.Ding@nrel.gov RI Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 68 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 31 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 330 EP 338 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.05.008 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 477NM UT WOS:000268525800013 PM 19523812 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Singh, A Himmel, ME AF Xu, Qi Singh, Arjun Himmel, Michael E. TI Perspectives and new directions for the production of bioethanol using consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulose SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID FUEL ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; YEAST-STRAIN; D-XYLOSE; CELLULOSE UTILIZATION; BIOFUELS PRODUCTION; DIRECT FERMENTATION; FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS AB The U.S. DOE Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) mandated attainment of a national production level of 36 billion gallons of biofuels (to be added to gasoline) by 2022, of which 21 billion gallons must be derived from renewable/sustainable feedstocks (e.g. lignocellulose). In order to attain these goals, the development of cost effective process technologies that can convert plant biomass to fermentable sugars must occur. An alternative route to production of bioethanol is the utilization of microorganisms that can both convert biomass to fermentable sugars and ferment the resultant sugars to ethanol in a process known as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). Although various economic benefits and technology hurdles must be weighed in the course of choosing the CBP strategy to be pursued, we present arguments for developing the powerfully cellulolytic fungus, Trichoderma reesei, as an effective CBP microorganism. C1 [Xu, Qi; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singh, Arjun] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Mike.Himmel@nrel.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 45 TC 127 Z9 135 U1 4 U2 59 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 20 IS 3 BP 364 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.05.006 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 477NM UT WOS:000268525800017 PM 19520566 ER PT J AU Li, HL Thanassi, DG AF Li, Huilin Thanassi, David G. TI Use of a combined cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography approach to reveal molecular details of bacterial pilus assembly by the chaperone/usher pathway SO CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID UROPATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DONOR-STRAND EXCHANGE; DRIVES FIBER FORMATION; OUTER-MEMBRANE USHERS; STRUCTURAL BASIS; TYPE-1 PILI; P-PILI; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION; SUBUNIT COMPLEXES AB Many bacteria assemble hair-like fibers termed pili or fimbriae on their cell surface. These fibers mediate adhesion to various surfaces, including host cells, and play crucial roles in pathogenesis. Pili are polymers composed of thousands of individual subunit proteins. Understanding how these subunit proteins cross the bacterial envelope and correctly assemble at the cell surface is important not only for basic biology but also for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. The chaperone/usher pilus biogenesis pathway is one of the best-understood protein secretion systems, thanks largely to innovative efforts in biophysical techniques such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. Such a combined approach holds promise for further elucidating remaining questions regarding the multi-step and highly dynamic pilus assembly process, as well as for studying other protein secretion and organelle biogenesis systems. C1 [Li, Huilin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Thanassi, David G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Ctr Infect Dis, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Li, HL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hli@bnl.gov; David.Thanassi@stonybrook.edu FU NIH [AI7028S, GM74985, GM62987, AI55621]; LDRD [06-60]; US Department of Energy FX Work in the Li laboratory is supported by NIH grants AI7028S and GM74985 and LDRD grant 06-60 at the Brookhaven National Laboratory tinder contract with the US Department of Energy. Work in the Thanassi laboratory is supported by NIH grants GM62987 and AI55621. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5274 J9 CURR OPIN MICROBIOL JI Curr. Opin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 12 IS 3 BP 326 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.mib.2009.03.002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 469US UT WOS:000267926800015 PM 19356973 ER PT J AU Zuckermann, RN Kodadek, T AF Zuckermann, Ronald N. Kodadek, Thomas TI Peptoids as potential therapeutics SO CURRENT OPINION IN MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE Bio-inspired polymer; combinatorial chemistry; drug development; HTS; peptoid; peptide; peptidomimetic; pharmacology; synthetic library ID PROTEASOME REGULATORY PARTICLE; STOCK SOLUTION APPROACH; SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; ONE-BEAD; COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES; IN-VIVO; DESIGN STRATEGIES; CHEMICAL GENETICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AFFINITY LIGANDS AB Peptoids are oligomers of N-substituted glycine units. These molecules are almost perfectly suited for combinatorial approaches to drug discovery because large libraries can be synthesized easily from readily available primary amines. Moreover, major advances in screening methodology have allowed peptoid libraries of hundreds of thousands of compounds to be mined inexpensively and quickly for highly specific protein-binding molecules. These advances and the potential utility of peptoids as pharmacological agents are reviewed. C1 [Zuckermann, Ronald N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Biol Nanostruct Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kodadek, Thomas] Scripps Florida Res Inst, Dept Chem, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Kodadek, Thomas] Scripps Florida Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. RP Zuckermann, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Biol Nanostruct Facil, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS67-5110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM RNZuckermann@lbl.gov; Kodadek@scripps.edu RI Zuckermann, Ronald/A-7606-2014 OI Zuckermann, Ronald/0000-0002-3055-8860 NR 64 TC 123 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 62 PU THOMSON REUTERS (SCIENTIFIC) LTD PI LONDON PA 77 HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, EC1N 8JS, ENGLAND SN 1464-8431 J9 CURR OPIN MOL THER JI Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 3 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 450NB UT WOS:000266406100009 PM 19479663 ER PT J AU Custelcean, R AF Custelcean, Radu TI Ion separation by selective crystallization of organic frameworks SO CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Ions; Crystal engineering; Organic materials; Separation; Supramolecular chemistry; Anion recognition ID SULFATE-BINDING PROTEIN; HYDROGEN-BONDING GROUPS; ANION-BINDING; COORDINATION POLYMERS; COUNTER-ANIONS; LIGAND; RECOGNITION; SOLVATION; CAPSULES; CAVITIES AB Selective crystallization of organic frameworks is presented as a promising alternative to ion separation from competitive aqueous environments. The review focuses primarily on the principles determining ion selectivity in crystallization, as well as on structure-selectivity relationships. Specific examples involving anion separation by selective crystallization are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Custelcean, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM custelceanr@ornl.gov RI Custelcean, Radu/C-1037-2009 OI Custelcean, Radu/0000-0002-0727-7972 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy with Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-0286 J9 CURR OPIN SOLID ST M JI Curr. Opin. Solid State Mat. Sci. PD JUN-AUG PY 2009 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.cossms.2009.04.003 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 640KA UT WOS:000281048900005 ER PT J AU Brothers, AJ Mattigod, SV Strachan, DM Beeman, GH Kearns, PK Papa, A Monti, C AF Brothers, Alan J. Mattigod, Shas V. Strachan, Denis M. Beeman, Gordon H. Kearns, Paul K. Papa, Angelo Monti, Carlo TI Resource-Limited Multiattribute Value Analysis of Alternatives for Immobilizing Radioactive Liquid Process Waste Stored in Saluggia, Italy SO DECISION ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; decision theory; alternatives; multiattribute value analysis; decision making; applications: nuclear waste; applications: energy, environment, EUREX; Sogin AB This large Italian public works project started with the development of engineering data to support the evaluation of three alternatives for processing nuclear waste. After an analysis of the alternatives' performance from an engineering perspective was completed, Societa Gestione Impianti Nucleari (Sogin), which is the Italian authority with the responsibility to decommission Italy's four nuclear power plants, asked Battelle, a company thoroughly familiar with nuclear waste processing, to provide an independent assessment of this important decision. The initial analysis did not include an evaluation of alternative performance from the perspective of a broad set of public values. As part of the assessment, we developed a decision methodology as a practical variation of the data-intensive decision processes often found in textbooks. In this paper, we describe a decision process in which we made use of engineering data and expert judgment to minimize expensive additional data collection so that we could perform a multiattribute decision analysis that was theoretically grounded and economical to implement, while incorporating both engineering and stakeholder objectives. Through this process, the Battelle staff verified the initial selection made by the staff at Sogin. C1 [Brothers, Alan J.; Mattigod, Shas V.; Strachan, Denis M.; Beeman, Gordon H.] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kearns, Paul K.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Papa, Angelo] Soc Gest Impianti Nucl, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Monti, Carlo] Battelle Mem Inst, Natl Secur Global Business Europe, CH-1213 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Brothers, AJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alan.brothers@pnl.gov; shas.mattigod@pnl.gov; denis.strachan@pnl.gov; gordon.beeman@pnl.gov; kearnsp@battelle.org; papa@sogin.it; montic@battelle.org NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU INFORMS PI HANOVER PA 7240 PARKWAY DR, STE 310, HANOVER, MD 21076-1344 USA SN 1545-8490 J9 DECIS ANAL JI Decis. Anal. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 98 EP 114 DI 10.1287/deca.1090.0140 PG 17 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 497CS UT WOS:000270032600005 ER PT J AU Gurvits, L AF Gurvits, Leonid TI A Polynomial-Time Algorithm to Approximate the Mixed Volume within a Simply Exponential Factor SO DISCRETE & COMPUTATIONAL GEOMETRY LA English DT Article DE Convex sets; Mixed volume; Convex optimization; Algorithm ID DISCRIMINANTS; PERMANENTS AB Let K = (K(1),...,K(n)) be an n-tuple of convex compact subsets in the Euclidean space R(n), and let V (.) be the Euclidean volume in R(n). The Minkowski polynomial VK is defined as VK(lambda 1,...,lambda (n)) = V (lambda 1K1 + ... + lambda KN) and the mixed volume V (K1,..., Kn) as V (K1,...Kn) = /partial derivative Our main result is a poly-time algorithm which approximates V(K (1),....,K (n) ) with multiplicative error e (n) and with better rates if the affine dimensions of most of the sets K (i) are small. Our approach is based on a particular approximation of log (V(K (1),...., K (n) )) by a solution of some convex minimization problem. We prove the mixed volume analogues of the Van der Waerden and Schrijver-Valiant conjectures on the permanent. These results, interesting on their own, allow us to justify the abovementioned approximation by a convex minimization, which is solved using the ellipsoid method and a randomized poly-time time algorithm for the approximation of the volume of a convex set. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gurvits, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gurvits@lanl.gov FU U.S. DOE FX I would like to thank the U.S. DOE for financial support through Los Alamos National Laboratory's LDRD program. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0179-5376 J9 DISCRETE COMPUT GEOM JI Discret. Comput. Geom. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 41 IS 4 BP 533 EP 555 DI 10.1007/s00454-009-9147-5 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 424XW UT WOS:000264602600003 ER PT J AU Yoo, TS Garcia, HE AF Yoo, Tae-Sic Garcia, Humberto E. TI Event Counting of Partially-Observed Discrete-Event Systems with Uniformly and Nonuniformly Bounded Diagnosis Delays SO DISCRETE EVENT DYNAMIC SYSTEMS-THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Discrete-event systems; Fault diagnosis; Repeated/intermittent faults; Computational complexity ID SENSOR SELECTION; DIAGNOSABILITY; ALGORITHMS AB We present an approach dealing with repeated fault events in the framework of model-based monitoring of discrete-event systems (DES). Various notions of diagnosability reported in the literature deal with uniformly bounded finite detection of counting delays over all faulty behaviors (uniform delays for brevity). The situation where the diagnosability notion of interest fails to hold under a given observation configuration leads typically to the deployment of more observational devices (e.g., sensors), which may be costly or infeasible. As an alternative to the additional deployment of observational devices, one might want to relax the uniformity of delays, while delays remain finite. To this end, we introduce a notion of diagnosability characterized with nonuniformly bounded finite counting delays (nonuniform counting delays for brevity), where finite delay bounds can vary on faulty behaviors. To evaluate the introduced notion of diagnosability with nonuniform counting delays, a polynomial-time verification algorithm is developed. Notably, the developed verification technique can readily be modified to construct a computationally superior verification algorithm for diagnosability under uniformly bounded finite counting delays (uniform counting delays for brevity) as compared to an algorithm previously reported in the literature. We also develop a novel on-line event counting algorithm that improves the time and space complexities of the currently available algorithms for the counting of special events. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Garcia, Humberto E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Sensor & Decis Syst Grp, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Garcia, HE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Sensor & Decis Syst Grp, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Tae-Sic.Yoo@inl.gov; Humberto.Garcia@inl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-Eng-38, DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX The research reported in this paper was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts W-31-109-Eng-38 and DE-AC07-05ID14517. We are grateful to the reviewers for their comments and suggestions. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6703 J9 DISCRETE EVENT DYN S JI Discret. Event Dyn. Syst.-Theory Appl. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 2 BP 167 EP 187 DI 10.1007/s10626-008-0056-1 PG 21 WC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 428XR UT WOS:000264885900002 ER PT J AU Monger, HC Cole, DR Buck, BJ Gallegos, RA AF Monger, H. Curtis Cole, David R. Buck, Brenda J. Gallegos, Robert A. TI Scale and the isotopic record of C-4 plants in pedogenic carbonate: from the biome to the rhizosphere SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE C-3 vs. C-4 vegetation; carbon isotopes; Chihuahuan Desert; desertification; Jornada Experimental Range, southern New Mexico, USA; landscape ecology; paleoclimate; paleoecology; pedogenic carbonate; soil-geomorphic-climatic interaction ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; RIO-GRANDE RIFT; STABLE CARBON; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-PLAINS; JORNADA BASIN; UNITED-STATES AB The C-13/C-12 ratio in pedogenic carbonate (i.e., CaCO3 formed in soil) is a significant tool for investigating C-4 biomes of the past. However, the paleoecological meaning of delta C-13 values in pedogenic carbonate can change with the scale at which one considers the data. We describe studies of modern soils, fossil soils, and vegetation change in the Chihuahuan Desert of North America and elsewhere that reveal four scales important for paleoecologic interpretations. (1) At the broadest scale, the biome scale ( hundreds to millions of km(2)), an isotopic record interpreted as C-3 vegetation replacing C-4 grasslands may indicate invading C-3 woody shrubs instead of expanding C-3 forests (a common interpretation). ( 2) At the landscape scale (several tens of m(2) to hundreds of km(2)), the accuracy of scaling up paleoclimatic interpretations to a regional level is affected by the landform containing the isotopic record. (3) At the soil-profile scale (cm(2) to m(2)), soil profiles with multiple generations of carbonate mixed together have a lower-resolution paleoecologic record than soil profiles repeatedly buried. (4) At the rhizosphere scale (mu m(2) to cm(2)), carbonate formed on roots lack the 14-17 parts per thousand enrichment observed at broader scales, revealing different fractionation processes at different scales. A multi-scale approach in dealing with delta C-13 in pedogenic carbonate will increase the accuracy of paleoecologic interpretations and understanding of soil-geomorphic-climatic interactions that affect boundaries between C4 and C3 vegetation. C1 [Monger, H. Curtis; Gallegos, Robert A.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Cole, David R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37932 USA. [Buck, Brenda J.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Monger, HC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Plant & Environm Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM cmonger@nmsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0080412, DEB-94111971]; USDA-NRI; Department of Defense Environmental Management Office, Fort Bliss, Texas; New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Research, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0500OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; UT-Battelle, LLC FX Funding for this study was provided by the Jornada Basin LTER program (National Science Foundation DEB-0080412, DEB-94111971), USDA-NRI, the Department of Defense Environmental Management Office, Fort Bliss, Texas, and the New Mexico State University Agricultural Experiment Station. D. Cole's research was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Research, U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC0500OR22725, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors appreciate Deb Peters for advocating the importance of scale for understanding desert ecosystems. Comments on the manuscript by Thure Cerling, William Schlesinger, Rebecca Kraimer, Leland Gile, and Sue Ann Monger are also appreciated, as are the isotopic analysis of a subset of samples by Andrew Campbell at New Mexico Tech University. NR 119 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JUN PY 2009 VL 90 IS 6 BP 1498 EP 1511 DI 10.1890/08-0670.1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 454DR UT WOS:000266662500011 PM 19569365 ER PT J AU Bauer, IE Bhatti, JS Swanston, C Wieder, RK Preston, CM AF Bauer, Ilka E. Bhatti, Jagtar S. Swanston, Christopher Wieder, R. Kelman Preston, Caroline M. TI Organic Matter Accumulation and Community Change at the Peatland-Upland Interface: Inferences from C-14 and Pb-210 Dated Profiles SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE peatland margins; climate change; C accumulation; Pb-210; C-14; bryophyte macrofossils ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; NORTH-AMERICA NORTH; CAL KYR BP; BOREAL FOREST; WESTERN CANADA; RAISED BOGS; CARBON; SPHAGNUM; SOIL; VEGETATION AB Peatland-margin habitats with organic matter accumulation of 40-150 cm make up a significant but poorly quantified portion of Canada's boreal forest region. Spanning the transition between non-wetland forest and fen proper, these ecosystems represent a zone of complex environmental and vegetation change, yet little is known about their ecological function or development. We here use vegetation and macrofossil analysis, traditional C-14, bomb-spike C-14, and Pb-210 dating to investigate the development, organic matter accumulation, and recent vegetation history of peat margin communities at two sites in central Saskatchewan, Canada. Although similar in general shape, bomb-spike C-14 and Pb-210 chronologies show limited agreement in three of the four profiles examined, with Pb-210 generally producing younger ages than C-14. Peat initiation and long-term organic matter accumulation at the Old Black Spruce (OBS) transect were probably driven mainly by the dynamics of Sphagnum, whereas at the Sandhill Fen (SF) transect, they were controlled by water level fluctuations in the neighboring fen. Bryophyte macrofossils suggest a recent drying of the vegetation surface at both sites, most likely triggered by regional drought in the late 1950s and 1960s. At OBS, the shift from Sphagnum- to feather moss-dominated communities continued in the 1990s, possibly reflecting effects of direct disturbance on local drainage patterns. Overall, our results suggest that community composition and C dynamics of peat-margin swamps respond dynamically to climatic and hydrologic fluctuations. However, uncertainties regarding the reliability of different chronologies limit our ability to link observed community changes to specific causal events. C1 [Bauer, Ilka E.; Bhatti, Jagtar S.] No Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. [Swanston, Christopher] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wieder, R. Kelman] Villanova Univ, Dept Biol, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. [Preston, Caroline M.] Forestry Canada, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. [Bauer, Ilka E.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Sir Wilfred Grenfell Coll, Corner Brook, NF A2H 6P9, Canada. [Swanston, Christopher] US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Bauer, IE (reprint author), No Forestry Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, 5320 122 St, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5, Canada. EM ibauer@swgc.mun.ca FU Biological Sources and Sinks Programme FX Funding for this work was provided by the Biological Sources and Sinks Programme (AP 2000). We would like to thank Lana Laird, Lance Lazeruk, and Ruth Errington for help with the collection and processing of samples, and Gary Burton and his team at CFS for providing workshop space and equipment for cutting our cores. Kimberli Scott did all 210Pb digestions and counting, Dave Beilman provided advice on 14C sample pretreatments, and Paula Zermeno generously helped with sample graphitization. Ron and Paula Reimer provided help with CaliBomb at various stages of the process, and two anonymous reviewers provided comments on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUN PY 2009 VL 12 IS 4 BP 636 EP 653 DI 10.1007/s10021-009-9248-2 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 451CN UT WOS:000266448400009 ER PT J AU Ando, YJ Sasaki, K Adzic, R AF Ando, Yuji Sasaki, Kotaro Adzic, Radoslav TI Electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation with ultra low content of Pt and Ru SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Methanol oxidation; Platinum; Ruthenium; Under potential deposition; Direct methanol fuel cells ID O-2 REDUCTION; MONOLAYER ELECTROCATALYSTS; PLATINUM MONOLAYER; CARBON-MONOXIDE; FUEL-CELL; METAL; ELECTROOXIDATION; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS; SN AB We have developed efficient electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation using new synthetic method facilitating deposition of Pt-Ru very thin nanoplatelets on carbon nanoparticles The method involves oxidation of carbon support, adsorption of Pb(2+), its reduction and galvanic displacement of Pb(0) by Pt and/or Ru. The Pt mass activity of this catalyst is about 10 times higher than that of the commercial Pt-Ru/C. The catalyst with the 1:1 Pt/Ru ratio displayed the highest methanol oxidation activity per surface Pt atom. Our results demonstrate the new synthetic method that yields the catalyst with potential for solving the problem of high Pt loading in direct methanol fuel cell anodes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ando, Yuji] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Energy Technol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. [Sasaki, Kotaro; Adzic, Radoslav] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ando, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Energy Technol Res Inst, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. EM ando-yuji@aist.go.jp FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; AIST FX This work was carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, and supported by its Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences and its Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, within the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Yuji Ando acknowledges financial support from AIST. NR 20 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1135 EP 1138 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.03.031 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 467LJ UT WOS:000267740100012 ER PT J AU Nam, KW Ma, SB Yoon, WS Yang, XQ Kim, KB AF Nam, Kyung-Wan Ma, Sang-Bok Yoon, Won-Sub Yang, Xiao-Qing Kim, Kwang-Bum TI Novel concept of pseudocapacitor using stabilized lithium metal powder and non-lithiated metal oxide electrodes in organic electrolyte SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Electrochemical capacitor; Supercapacitor; Hybrid capacitor; Stabilized lithium metal powder; Manganese oxides ID MILD AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE; ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR; CARBON NANOTUBES; HYBRID; BATTERY; SYSTEM; CELL AB A concept of using two non-prelithiated metal oxides (e.g., MnO(2), V(2)O(5), and FeO(x)) in both positive and negative electrodes in organic Li-ion electrolytes has been proposed and tested to improve the energy density of pseudocapacitors. To take the advantages of this concept, additional lithium source is essential to provide lithium ions during the charge-discharge cycles. The stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP (TM)) developed by FMC Corp., provides such an essential Li(+) source. Here we report the first result of the symmetric pseudocapacitor using two non-prelithiated metal oxide (i.e., manganese oxide/carbon nanotube (MnO(2)/CNT)) electrodes, with added SLMP in one of them. The capacitor using the SLMP added MnO(2)/CNT (positive) and pure MnO(2)/CNT (negative) electrode in 1.2 M LiPF(6)-EC:EMC electrolyte shows supercapacitive behaviors in 3.0 V voltage range. The addition of SLMP opens new opportunities of using the non-lithiated metal oxide electrodes in pseudocapacitors and hybrid electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which has not been possible before. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Won-Sub] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Nam, Kyung-Wan; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ma, Sang-Bok; Kim, Kwang-Bum] Yonsei Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, 861-1 Jeongneung Dong, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM wsyoon@kookmin.ac.kr; kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015 OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369 FU Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Ministry of Science and Technology [R0A-2007-000-10042-0]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; US Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886]; Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) [KRF-2008-331-D00248] FX The work at Yonsei University was supported by the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the National Research Lab. Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. R0A-2007-000-10042-0). The work at Brookhaven National Lab. was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under the program of "Hybrid and Electric Systems", of the US Department of Energy under Contract Number DEAC02-98CH10886. This work was also supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2008-331-D00248). NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1166 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.03.038 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 467LJ UT WOS:000267740100020 ER PT J AU Zapata, P Basak, P Meredith, JC AF Zapata, Pedro Basak, Pratyay Meredith, J. Carson TI High-throughput screening of ionic conductivity in polymer membranes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Combinatorial; High-throughput; Conductivity; Proton-exchange membrane; Fuel cell ID FUEL-CELL ANODE; ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; IONOMER MEMBRANES; COMBINATORIAL; NAFION; ELECTROCATALYSTS; TEMPERATURE; COPOLYMER AB Combinatorial and high-throughput techniques have been successfully used for efficient and rapid property screening in multiple fields. The use of these techniques can be an advantageous new approach to assay ionic conductivity and accelerate the development of novel materials in research areas such as fuel cells. A high-throughput ionic conductivity (HTC) apparatus is described and applied to screening candidate polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications. The device uses a miniature four-point probe for rapid, automated point-to-point AC electrochemical impedance measurements in both liquid and humid air environments. The conductivity of Nafion (R) 112 HTC validation standards was within 1.8% of the manufacturer's specification. HTC screening of 40 novel Kynar (R) poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/acrylic polyelectrolyte (PE) membranes focused on varying the Kynar (R) type (5 x) and PE composition (8 x) using reduced sample sizes. Two factors were found to be significant in determining the proton conducting capacity: (I) Kynar (R) PVDF series: membranes containing a particular Kynar (R) PVDF type exhibited statistically identical mean conductivity as other membranes containing different Kynar (R) PVDF types that belong to the same series or family. (2) Maximum effective arnount of polyelectrolyte: increments in polyelectrolyte content from 55 wt% to 60 wt% showed no statistically significant effect in increasing conductivity. In fact, some membranes experienced a reduction in conductivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zapata, Pedro; Meredith, J. Carson] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Basak, Pratyay] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Techol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Meredith, JC (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM carson.meredith@chbe.gatech.edu RI Meredith, Carson/B-3323-2009 OI Meredith, Carson/0000-0003-2519-5003 NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 54 IS 15 BP 3899 EP 3909 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.02.009 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 447ND UT WOS:000266197000008 ER PT J AU Svec, F AF Svec, Frantisek TI CEC: Selected developments that caught my eye since the year 2000 SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Capillary; Electrochromatography; Microfluidic devices; Monolith; Review ID MONOLITHIC STATIONARY PHASES; TUBULAR CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STEARYL-ACRYLATE MONOLITHS; POROUS POLYMER MONOLITHS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALKYLTHIOL GOLD NANOPARTICLES; METHYLATED BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; REVERSED-PHASE AB During the last decade, a number of new developments have emerged in the field of CEC. This paper focuses only on monolithic columns prepared from synthetic polymers. Monolithic columns have become a well-established format of stationary phases for CEC immediately after their inception in the mid-1990s. They are readily prepared in situ from liquid precursors. Also, the control over both porous properties and surface chemistries is easy to achieve. These advantages make the monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with particulate materials. Since the number of papers concerned with just this single topic of polymer-based monolithic CEC columns is large, this overview describes only those approaches this author found interesting. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Svec, F (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 729 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fsvec@lbl.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB006133, R01 EB006133-04, R01 EB006133]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM048364, R01 GM048364, R01 GM048364-17] NR 154 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2009 VL 30 SU 1 BP S68 EP S82 DI 10.1002/elps.200900062 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 581KU UT WOS:000276522500007 PM 19517503 ER PT J AU Alia-Klein, N Goldstein, RZ Tomasi, D Woicik, PA Moeller, SJ Williams, B Craig, IW Telang, F Biegon, A Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Volkow, ND AF Alia-Klein, Nelly Goldstein, Rita Z. Tomasi, Dardo Woicik, Patricia A. Moeller, Scott J. Williams, Benjamin Craig, Ian W. Telang, Frank Biegon, Anat Wang, Gene-Jack Fowler, Joanna S. Volkow, Nora D. TI Neural Mechanisms of Anger Regulation as a Function of Genetic Risk for Violence SO EMOTION LA English DT Article DE MAOA; emotion regulation; anger; response to no; fMRI ID MONOAMINE-OXIDASE-A; BRAIN ACTIVITY; ORBITOFRONTAL CORTEX; AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR; INHIBITORY CONTROL; AMYGDALA; GENOTYPE; MAOA; PULVINAR; HUMANS AB Genetic risk may predispose individuals to compromised anger regulation, potentially through modulation of brain responses to emotionally evocative stimuli. Emphatically expressed, the emotional word No can prohibit behavior through conditioning. In a recent functional magnetic resonance imaging study, the authors showed that healthy males attribute negative valence to No while showing a lateral orbitofrontal response that con-elated with their self-reported anger control. Here, the authors examined the influence of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene (low vs. high transcription variants) on brain response to No and in relationship to trait anger reactivity and control. The orbitofrontal response did not differ as a function of the genotype. Instead, carriers of the low-MAOA genotype had reduced left middle frontal gyros activation to No compared with the high variant. Furthermore, only for carriers of theup low-MAOA genotype, left amygdala and posterior thalamic activation to No increased with anger reactivity. Thus, vulnerability to aggression in carriers of the low-MAOA genotype is supported by decreased middle frontal response to No and the unique amygdala/thalamus association pattern in this group with anger reactivity but not anger control. C1 [Alia-Klein, Nelly; Goldstein, Rita Z.; Tomasi, Dardo; Woicik, Patricia A.; Telang, Frank; Biegon, Anat; Wang, Gene-Jack; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Moeller, Scott J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Psychol, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Williams, Benjamin; Craig, Ian W.] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Wang, Gene-Jack; Fowler, Joanna S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Alia-Klein, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM nellyklein@bnl.gov RI Tomasi, Dardo/J-2127-2015; Moeller, Scott/L-5549-2016; OI Moeller, Scott/0000-0002-4449-0844; Craig, Ian/0000-0002-4063-1005 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01RR10710, M01 RR010710]; NIDA NIH HHS [K05 DA020001, K05 DA020001-04, K05DA020001] NR 75 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 1528-3542 J9 EMOTION JI Emotion PD JUN PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 385 EP 396 DI 10.1037/a0015904 PG 12 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 454BF UT WOS:000266655900010 PM 19485616 ER PT J AU Mack, JH Aceves, SM Dibble, RW AF Mack, J. Hunter Aceves, Salvador M. Dibble, Robert W. TI Demonstrating direct use of wet ethanol in a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Bioethanol; HCCI; Fuel water blending; Wet ethanol ID CORN AB Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are amenable to a large variety of fuels as long as the fuel can be fully vaporized, mixed with air, and receive sufficient heat during the compression stroke to reach the autoignition conditions. This study investigates an HCCI engine fueled with ethanol-in-water mixtures, or "wet ethanol". The motivation for using wet ethanol fuel is that significant energy is required for distillation and dehydration of fermented ethanol (from biosources, not from petroleum), thus direct use of wet ethanol could improve the associated energy balance. Recent modeling studies have predicted that an HCCI engine can operate using fuel containing as little as 35% ethanol-in-water with surprisingly good performance and emissions. With the previous modeling study suggesting feasibility of wet ethanol use in HCCI engines, this paper focuses on experimental operation of a 4-cylinder 1.9-L engine running in HCCI mode fueled with wet ethanol. This paper investigates the effect of the ethanol-water fraction on the engine's operating limits, intake temperatures, heat release rates, and exhaust emissions for the engine operating with 100%, 90%, 80%, 60%, and 40% ethanol-in-water mixtures. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mack, J. Hunter; Dibble, Robert W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aceves, Salvador M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mack, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, 6141 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hmack@me.berkeley.edu RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011; OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256; Mack, John Hunter/0000-0002-5455-8611 FU Department of Energy Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; Laboratory Directed Research and Development [01-ERI-007, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Parts of this project were funded by the Department of Energy Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (Kevin Stork and Gurpreet Singh, Program Managers) the DOE University HCCI Program, and LLNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant 01-ERI-007. This work is performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 14 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JUN PY 2009 VL 34 IS 6 BP 782 EP 787 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2009.02.010 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 465LT UT WOS:000267587100007 ER PT J AU Chen, R Xia, K Dai, F Lu, F Luo, SN AF Chen, R. Xia, K. Dai, F. Lu, F. Luo, S. N. TI Determination of dynamic fracture parameters using a semi-circular bend technique in split Hopkinson pressure bar testing SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Dynamic fracture mechanics; Dynamic initiation toughness; Dynamic propagation toughness; Fracture velocity ID PULSE SHAPING TECHNIQUES; ROCK FRACTURE; TOUGHNESS MEASUREMENTS; LOADING RATE; MODE-I; COMPRESSION; SPECIMEN; CERAMICS; PRECRACKING; BEHAVIOR AB Fracture initiation toughness, fracture energy, fracture propagation toughness, and fracture velocity are key dynamic fracture parameters. We propose a method to simultaneously measure these parameters for mode-l fractures in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing with a notched semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen. The initiation toughness is obtained from the peak load given dynamic force equilibrium. A laser gap gauge (LGG) is developed to monitor the crack surface opening displacement (CSOD) of the specimen, from which the fracture velocity and the fracture energy can be calculated. The feasibility of this methodology for coarse-grained solids is demonstrated with the SHPB-SCB experiments on Laurentian granite. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, R.; Xia, K.; Dai, F.] Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. [Chen, R.; Xia, K.; Dai, F.] Univ Toronto, Lassonde Inst, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. [Chen, R.; Lu, F.] Natl Univ Def Technol, Coll Sci, Changsha 410073, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Luo, S. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Xia, K (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. EM kaiwen.xia@utoronto.ca RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541 FU NSERC [72031326]; China Scholarship Council; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work has been supported by NSERC/Discovery Grant No. 72031326. One of the authors (R.C.) is partially supported by China Scholarship Council for his research in University of Toronto. LANL is under the auspices of US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 37 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 76 IS 9 BP 1268 EP 1276 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.02.001 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 459ZE UT WOS:000267151900008 ER PT J AU Weng, HX Yan, AL Hong, CL Qin, YC Pan, LH Xie, LL AF Weng, Huan-Xin Yan, Ai-Lan Hong, Chun-Lai Qin, Ya-Chao Pan, Lehua Xie, Ling-Li TI Biogeochemical transfer and dynamics of iodine in a soil-plant system SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH LA English DT Article DE (125)I; Biogeochemical transfer; Soil-plant system; Box model; IDD ID IRRIGATION WATER; IODINATION; SORPTION; TRACER; CHINA; SUPPLEMENTATION; ENVIRONMENT; DEFICIENCY; XINJIANG AB Radioactive iodide ((125)I) is used as a tracer to investigate the fate and transport of iodine in soil under various leaching conditions as well as the dynamic transfer in a soil-plant (Chinese cabbage) system. Results show that both soils (the paddy soil and the sandy soil) exhibit strong retention capability, with the paddy soil being slightly stronger. Most iodine is retained by soils, especially in the top 10 cm, and the highest concentration occurs at the top most section of the soil columns. Leaching with 1-2 pore volume water does not change this pattern of vertical distributions. Early breakthrough and long tailing are two features observed in the leaching experiments. Because of the relatively low peak concentration, the early breakthrough is really not an environmental concern of contamination to groundwater. The long tailing implies that the retained iodine is undergoing slow but steady release and the soils can provide a low but stable level of mobile iodine after a short period. The enrichment factors of (125)I in different plant tissues are ranked as: root > stem > petiole > leaf, and the (125)I distribution in the young leaves is obviously higher than that in the old ones. The concentrations of (125)I in soil and Chinese cabbage can be simulated with a dual-chamber model very well. The biogeochemical behaviors of iodine in the soil-cabbage system show that cultivating iodized cabbage is an environmentally friendly and effective technique to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Planting vegetables such as cabbage on the (129)I-contaminated soil could be a good remediation technique worthy of consideration. C1 [Weng, Huan-Xin; Yan, Ai-Lan; Hong, Chun-Lai; Qin, Ya-Chao; Xie, Ling-Li] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Environm & Biogeochem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Pan, Lehua] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weng, HX (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Inst Environm & Biogeochem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM gswenghx@zju.edu.cn RI Pan, Lehua/G-2439-2015 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40373043] FX This research is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40373043). Two anonymous reviewers are thanked for their useful comments on the manuscript. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-4042 J9 ENVIRON GEOCHEM HLTH JI Environ. Geochem. Health PD JUN PY 2009 VL 31 IS 3 BP 401 EP 411 DI 10.1007/s10653-008-9193-6 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA 441RN UT WOS:000265788200006 PM 18563587 ER PT J AU Hugenholtz, P Hooper, SD Kyrpides, NC AF Hugenholtz, Philip Hooper, Sean D. Kyrpides, Nikos C. TI Focus: Synergistetes SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATABASE C1 [Hugenholtz, Philip; Hooper, Sean D.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM phugenholtz@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; hugenholtz, philip/0000-0001-5386-7925 NR 6 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1329 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01949.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 453GA UT WOS:000266597200001 PM 19635113 ER PT J AU Peterson, JW O'Meara, TA Seymour, MD Wang, W Gu, BH AF Peterson, Jonathan W. O'Meara, Theresa A. Seymour, Michael D. Wang, Wei Gu, Baohua TI Sorption mechanisms of cephapirin, a veterinary antibiotic, onto quartz and feldspar minerals as detected by Raman spectroscopy SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Sorption mechanisms; Cephalosporins; Veterinary antibiotics; Raman spectroscopy ID BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS; ORGANIC-MATTER; DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROUS OXIDES; IRON-OXIDE; ADSORPTION; ACID; RESISTANCE; SURFACES; ALUMINUM AB Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate sorption mechanisms of cephapirin (CHP), a veterinary antibiotic, onto quartz (SiO(2)) and feldspar (KAISi(3)O(8)) at different pH. Sorption occurs by electrostatic attraction, monodentate and bidentate complexation. The zwitterion (CHP(o)) adsorbs to a quartz((+)) surface by electrostatic attraction of the carboxylate anion group (-COO(-)) at low pH, but adsorbs to a quartz((-)) surface through electrostatic attraction of the pyridinium cation, and possibly COO(-) bridge complexes, at higher pH. CHP(-) bonds to quartz((-)) surfaces by bidentate complexation between one oxygen of -COO(-) and oxygen from carbonyl of an acetoxymethyl group. On a feldspar((+/-)) surface, CHP(o) forms monodentate complexes between C=O, and possible -COO(-) bridges and/or electrostatic attachments to localized edge (hydr)oxy-Al surfaces. CHP(-) adsorbs to feldspar((-)) through monodentate C=O complexation. Similar mechanisms may operate for other cephalosporins. Results demonstrate, for the first time, that Raman techniques can be effective for evaluating sorption mechanisms of antibiotics. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peterson, Jonathan W.; O'Meara, Theresa A.] Hope Coll, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Holland, MI 49422 USA. [Seymour, Michael D.] Hope Coll, Dept Chem, Holland, MI 49422 USA. [Wang, Wei; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peterson, JW (reprint author), Hope Coll, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, POB 9000, Holland, MI 49422 USA. EM peterson@hope.edu RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; O'Meara, Theresa/0000-0001-8132-9761 FU Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Michigan Space Grant Consortium; GLCA-ACM Oak Ridge Science Semester Program; Hope College Department of Chemistry; Hope College Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy (DOE); Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was funded in part by a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Undergraduate Science Program Grant to Hope College and by the Michigan Space Grant Consortium. Additional financial support was provided by the GLCA-ACM Oak Ridge Science Semester Program, Hope College Department of Chemistry and the Hope College Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences. BG and WW were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy (DOE). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for US DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers were greatly appreciated. NR 62 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 157 IS 6 BP 1849 EP 1856 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 447KY UT WOS:000266191200016 PM 19246140 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, G Werth, CJ Negri, MC AF Gopalakrishnan, Gayathri Werth, Charles J. Negri, Maria Cristina TI MASS RECOVERY METHODS FOR TRICHLOROETHYLENE IN PLANT TISSUE SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phytoremediation; Analytical methods; Chlorinated solvents; Biomonitoring ID ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; CHLORINATED ETHENES; CONIFER NEEDLES; TREE TRUNKS; SORPTION; HYDROCARBONS; FATE; ACCUMULATION; GROUNDWATER; VEGETATION AB Monitoring expenses form a significant fraction of the costs associated with remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater sites. A novel monitoring method that could result in significant cost savings is the use of plants as monitoring devices; previous work indicates that plant tissue samples, especially trunk (core) and branch samples, can be used to delineate soil and groundwater plumes at phytoremediation sites. An important factor in reducing the uncertainty associated with this sampling method is development of a technique to analyze, both consistently and accurately, the chemicals stored in plant tissue samples. The present research presents a simple, robust, and inexpensive technique to recover most of the contaminant in plant branch tissue, irrespective of the age or species of the plant. Tricholoroethylene (TCE) was the chemical analyzed. A number of headspace and solvent extraction techniques in the literature were evaluated, including headspace extraction at different incubation times and temperatures and solvent extraction using hexane or hot methanol. Extraction using hot methanol was relatively fast, simple, and reliable; this method recovered more than 89% of the TCE present in branches of five different tree species. C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Gayathri; Werth, Charles J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gopalakrishnan, Gayathri; Negri, Maria Cristina] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalakrishnan, G (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM ggopalakrishnan@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Work by M. C. Negri was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science laboratory is operated under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1185 EP 1190 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 449ZU UT WOS:000266370700009 PM 19159128 ER PT J AU Ma, HB Glenn, TC Jagoe, CH Jones, KL Williams, PL AF Ma, Hongbo Glenn, Travis C. Jagoe, Charles H. Jones, Kenneth L. Williams, Phillip L. TI A TRANSGENIC STRAIN OF THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS AS A BIOMONITOR FOR HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Biomonitoring; Metallothionein; Green fluorescence protein; Heavy metals; Caenorhabditis elegans ID CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; END-POINTS; METALLOTHIONEIN GENES; C-ELEGANS; TOXICITY; STRESS; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; CADMIUM; MERCURY AB Metallothionein (MT), a protein involved in metal regulation and detoxification, has been used widely as a biomarker of metal exposure. In the present study, a transgenic strain of the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was developed using the C. elegans MT-2 (mtl-2) promoter to control the transcription of green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter. Response of this transgenic system to Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and As exposure in aquatic media was tested by quantifying GFP expression after 24 h of exposure. Response in Cd-spiked soil was tested in a similar manner. The mtl-2 transcription also was measured using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to gain a mechanistic understanding of the transgene expression. Green fluorescence protein is induced by Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn in a time-and concentration-dependent manner; mtl-2 transcription is consistent with the GFP response. The minimum concentrations of Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn that induce GFP response are 2- to 1,000-fold lower than concentrations affecting traditional endpoints, such as lethality or behavioral change. The system responds to Cd in soil in a similar manner. Neither Ni nor Pb induces GFP, and neither induces mtl-2 transcription. Arsenic does not induce GFP, yet an increase in mtl-2 transcription was found, suggesting that As may interfere with GFP signaling. This mtl-2:: GFP transgenic bioassay represents an alternative approach to quantify, both easily and quickly, a surrogate of MT in response to metal exposure (e. g., Cd, Hg, Cu, and Zn) in a variety of environments and potentially may be used for quantitative or semiquantitative biomonitoring of metal contamination in soils and aquatic systems. C1 [Ma, Hongbo; Glenn, Travis C.; Jones, Kenneth L.; Williams, Phillip L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Jagoe, Charles H.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Williams, PL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pwilliam@uga.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-07SR22506] FX We thank Kiran Reddy Rayalam for his assistance in movement tracking for Hg. We are also grateful to Angela Stormberg, Susan Humphries, and Beth Krizek for assistance in constructing the transgenic strain used. This project is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under award DE-FC09-07SR22506 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1311 EP 1318 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 449ZU UT WOS:000266370700023 PM 19175297 ER PT J AU Ma, HB Bertsch, PM Glenn, TC Kabengi, NJ Williams, PL AF Ma, Hongbo Bertsch, Paul M. Glenn, Travis C. Kabengi, Nadine J. Williams, Phillip L. TI TOXICITY OF MANUFACTURED ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zinc oxide nanoparticles; Zinc chloride; Toxicity; Caenorhabditis elegans ID IN-VITRO CYTOTOXICITY; END-POINTS; RESEARCH STRATEGIES; SAFETY EVALUATION; FULLERENE C-60; NANOMATERIALS; REPRODUCTION; DAPHNIA; STRESS; STRAIN AB Information describing the possible impacts of manufactured nanoparticles on human health and ecological receptors is limited. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential toxicological effects of manufactured zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs; 1.5 nm) compared to aqueous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicity of both types of Zn was investigated using the ecologically relevant endpoints of lethality, behavior, reproduction, and transgene expression in a mtl-2:: GFP (gene encoding green fluorescence protein fused onto the metallothionein-2 gene promoter) transgenic strain of C. elegans. Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed no significant difference from ZnCl2 regarding either lethality or reproduction in C. elegans, as indicated by their median lethal concentrations (LC50s; p = 0.29, n = 3) and median effective concentrations (EC50s; Z = 0.835, p = 0.797). Also, no significant difference was found in EC50s for behavioral change between ZnO-NPs (635 mg Zn/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 477-844 mg Zn/L) and ZnCl2 (546 mg Zn/L; 95% CI, 447-666 mg Zn/L) (Z = 0.907, p = 0.834). Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced transgene expression in the mtl-2:: GFP transgenic C. elegans in a manner similar to that of ZnCl2, suggesting that intracellular biotransformation of the nanoparticles might have occurred or the nanoparticles have dissolved to Zn2+ to enact toxicity. These findings demonstrate that manufactured ZnO-NPs have toxicity to the nematode C. elegans similar to that of aqueous ZnCl2. C1 [Ma, Hongbo; Glenn, Travis C.; Williams, Phillip L.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Kabengi, Nadine J.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Williams, PL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM pwilliam@uga.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [RD 832530] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Grant RD 832530. We thank Kiran Rayalam for laboratory support. NR 40 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 55 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1324 EP 1330 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 449ZU UT WOS:000266370700025 PM 19192952 ER PT J AU Kaneshita, E Nakayama, T AF Kaneshita, E. Nakayama, T. TI Glass-like thermal transport in symmetry-broken clathrates SO EPL LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; BOSON PEAK; CONDUCTIVITY; CRYSTALLINE; SCATTERING; MODEL; GE; (KBR)1-X(KCN)X; ANHARMONICITY; TRANSITION AB We present the quantitative interpretation for the glass-like behavior of thermal conductivities k(T) for type-I clathrate compounds involving off-centered guest ions. It is shown that the dipole-dipole interaction generated in cage/guest-ion systems is crucial to reproduce the characteristics of thermal conductivities for these symmetry-broken clathrates. The above scenario also explains well the difference of.(T) between the p-type and the n-type beta-BGS found recently by K. Suekuni et al. (Phys. Rev. B, 77 (2008) 235119.) Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [Kaneshita, E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kaneshita, E.] Kyoto Univ, Yukawa Inst Theoret Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Nakayama, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nakayama, T.] Toyota Phys & Chem Res Inst, Aichi 4801192, Japan. RP Kaneshita, E (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM knsht@yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp FU US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER46241, DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-FG02-05ER46241 at MIT, and the US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 at Argonne National Laboratory. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 5 AR 56004 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/86/56004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 488NV UT WOS:000269357500022 ER PT J AU Pierce, F Perahia, D Grest, GS AF Pierce, F. Perahia, D. Grest, G. S. TI Spreading of liquid droplets on permeable polymeric surfaces SO EPL LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDROCARBONS; COEFFICIENTS; SIMULATIONS; SUBSTRATE; SCALE; WATER AB The spreading of liquid droplets on viscous liquid and glassy polymer films has been studied with molecular dynamics simulations. Unlike spreading on solid surfaces the liquid droplet simultaneously spreads and permeates the film, a process that takes place at a large variety of interfaces from biomembranes to thin coatings. The degree of interpenetration and amount of damping from the film depends on the viscosity of the film and the relative interaction of the droplet and film. For low viscosity liquid films, the interpenetration of the droplet follows a t(1/2) Fickian power law and the droplet spreads without a precursor foot. For very viscous films a precursor foot spreads ahead of the film, and the droplet does not penetrate the film. The kinetic, hydrodynamic, and combined kinetic/hydrodynamic models of droplet spreading have been generalized to include the absorption of the droplet by the film and are used to analyze the droplet spreading. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [Pierce, F.; Perahia, D.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Grest, G. S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pierce, F (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM fpierce@clemson.edu; gsgrest@sandia.gov FU DOE [ER46456, DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank the DOE for partial support of this work under contract No. ER46456. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was made possible by advanced computational resources deployed and maintained by Clemson Computing and Information Technology. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 AR 64004 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/86/64004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 488NX UT WOS:000269357700017 ER PT J AU Roshchin, IV Li, CP Suhl, H Batlle, X Roy, S Sinha, SK Park, S Pynn, R Fitzsimmons, MR Mejia-Lopez, J Altbir, D Romero, AH Schuller, IK AF Roshchin, Igor V. Li, Chang-Peng Suhl, Harry Batlle, Xavier Roy, S. Sinha, Sunil K. Park, S. Pynn, Roger Fitzsimmons, M. R. Mejia-Lopez, Jose Altbir, Dora Romero, A. H. Schuller, Ivan K. TI Measurement of the vortex core in sub-100 nm Fe dots using polarized neutron scattering SO EPL LA English DT Article ID POLYMER MICELLES; SOLID INTERFACE; REVERSAL; DYNAMICS AB We use polarized neutron scattering to obtain quantitative information about the magnetic state of sub-100 nm circular magnetic dots. Evidence for the transition from a single domain to a vortex state, as a function of the dot diameter and magnetic field, is found from magnetization curves and confirmed by micromagnetic and Monte-Carlo simulations. For 20 nm-thick Fe dots with diameters close to 60 nm, the vortex is the ground state. The magnetization of the vortex core (140 +/- 50 emu/cm(3)) and its diameter (19 +/- 4 nm) obtained from polarized neutron scattering are in agreement with simulations. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [Roshchin, Igor V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Roshchin, Igor V.; Li, Chang-Peng; Suhl, Harry; Roy, S.; Sinha, Sunil K.; Schuller, Ivan K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Batlle, Xavier] Univ Barcelona, Dept Fis Fonamental, E-08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. [Park, S.; Pynn, Roger; Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mejia-Lopez, Jose] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Altbir, Dora] Univ Santiago Chile, Dept Fis, Santiago, Chile. [Romero, A. H.] CINVESTAV, Dept Mat, Queretaro, Mexico. RP Roshchin, IV (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Batlle, Xavier/H-5795-2012; Roshchin, Igor/I-5162-2012 FU US DOE-BES; US AFOSR; DOE (DMR-BES); Texas A&M University; FONDECYT [1050066, 7070149]; Millennium Science Nucleus [P06-022F]; CONACYT [J-59853-F]; KOSEF [R01-2008-000-21092-0]; Spanish CYCIT [MAT2006-03999]; Catalan Dursi [2005BE00028, 2005SGR00969]; U. Barcelona (International Cooperation) FX We thank M. VIRET and F. OTT for discussions and preliminary GI-SANS measurement. This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center (Asterix spectrometer) at LANSCE funded by US DOE-BES. We acknowledge support from US AFOSR and DOE (DMR-BES); Texas A&M University, Texas A&M University - CONACYT Collaborative Research Grant Program, FONDECYT (1050066, and 7070149), Millennium Science Nucleus (P06-022F); CONACYT (J-59853-F), KOSEF (R01-2008-000-21092-0), Spanish CYCIT (MAT2006-03999), Catalan Dursi (2005BE00028, 2005SGR00969), and U. Barcelona (International Cooperation). NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 17 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JUN PY 2009 VL 86 IS 6 AR 67008 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/86/67008 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 488NX UT WOS:000269357700032 ER PT J AU Carson, CG Hardcastle, K Schwartz, J Liu, XT Hoffmann, C Gerhardt, RA Tannenbaum, R AF Carson, Cantwell G. Hardcastle, Kenneth Schwartz, Justin Liu, Xiaotao Hoffmann, Christina Gerhardt, Rosario A. Tannenbaum, Rina TI Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Copper Terephthalate Metal-Organic Frameworks SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Microporous materials; Coordination polymers; Crystal engineering; Magnetic properties; Carboxylate ligands; Metal-organic frameworks ID VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; SOLVOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE; ADSORPTION; DESIGN; TRANS-1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLATE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; MOLECULES AB In this paper, we report on a high-throughput (gram quantities) solvothermal method for the synthesis of copper terephthalate metal-organic frameworks in dmf. While the structure of MOF-2 and some of the associated polymorphs are well known, we know of no equivalent structural studies for the isostructural copper terephthalate (Cu-tpa). The material we have made crystallizes in the C2/m space group. Cu-tpa also exhibits reversible solvent-exchange properties. These properties make this material useful for potential applications in gas storage and catalysis applications. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009) C1 [Carson, Cantwell G.; Gerhardt, Rosario A.; Tannenbaum, Rina] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hardcastle, Kenneth] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Schwartz, Justin] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Schwartz, Justin; Liu, Xiaotao] Florida State Univ, Coll Engn, Florida A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Hoffmann, Christina] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NSSD, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tannenbaum, Rina] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Tannenbaum, R (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM rina.tannenbaum@mse.gatech.edu RI Schwartz, Justin/D-4124-2009; Gerhardt, Rosario/D-6573-2012; hoffmann, christina/D-2292-2016 OI Schwartz, Justin/0000-0002-7590-240X; Gerhardt, Rosario/0000-0001-8774-0842; hoffmann, christina/0000-0002-7222-5845 FU Institute for Paper Science and Technology at the Georgia Institute of Technology; Department of Energy [DE-FG-02-03-ER 46035]; European Union Marie Curie International Reintegration [036577] FX We thank Jason Ward and the laboratory of Dr. William Koros for their assistance with the surface area measurements. Thanks also to the staff at the Center for Nanophase Materials Science at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for use of their Panalytical X'Pert PRO-MPD High Temperature X-ray diffraction equipment. We also thank David Jenson and the laboratory of Dr. Bridgette Barry for their assistance with the EPR measurements. This work was supported by a generous graduate fellowship from the Institute for Paper Science and Technology at the Georgia Institute of Technology (to C. G. C.), the Department of Energy grant DE-FG-02-03-ER 46035 (to R. G.), and by the European Union Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (IRG), Nr. 036577 (to R. T.). NR 37 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 17 U2 130 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 IS 16 BP 2338 EP 2343 DI 10.1002/ejic.200801224 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 458ST UT WOS:000267044500003 ER PT J AU Alver, B Back, BB Baker, MD Ballintijn, M Barton, DS Betts, RR Bickley, AA Bindel, R Busza, W Carroll, A Chai, Z Chetluru, V Decowski, MP Garcia, E Gburek, T George, N Gulbrandsen, K Halliwell, C Hamblen, J Harnarine, I Hauer, M Henderson, C Hofman, DJ Hollis, RS Holynski, R Holzman, B Iordanova, A Johnson, E Kane, JL Khan, N Kulinich, P Kuo, CM Li, W Lin, WT Loizides, C Manly, S Mignerey, AC Nouicer, R Olszewski, A Pak, R Reed, C Richardson, E Roland, C Roland, G Sagerer, J Seals, H Sedykh, I Smith, CE Stankiewicz, MA Steinberg, P Stephans, GSF Sukhanov, A Szostak, A Tonjes, MB Trzupek, A Vale, C van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ Vaurynovich, SS Verdier, R Veres, GI Walters, P Wenger, E Willhelm, D Wolfs, FLH Wosiek, B Wozniak, K Wyngaardt, S Wyslouch, B AF Alver, B. Back, B. B. Baker, M. D. Ballintijn, M. Barton, D. S. Betts, R. R. Bickley, A. A. Bindel, R. Busza, W. Carroll, A. Chai, Z. Chetluru, V. Decowski, M. P. Garcia, E. Gburek, T. George, N. Gulbrandsen, K. Halliwell, C. Hamblen, J. Harnarine, I. Hauer, M. Henderson, C. Hofman, D. J. Hollis, R. S. Holynski, R. Holzman, B. Iordanova, A. Johnson, E. Kane, J. L. Khan, N. Kulinich, P. Kuo, C. M. Li, W. Lin, W. T. Loizides, C. Manly, S. Mignerey, A. C. Nouicer, R. Olszewski, A. Pak, R. Reed, C. Richardson, E. Roland, C. Roland, G. Sagerer, J. Seals, H. Sedykh, I. Smith, C. E. Stankiewicz, M. A. Steinberg, P. Stephans, G. S. F. Sukhanov, A. Szostak, A. Tonjes, M. B. Trzupek, A. Vale, C. van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. Vaurynovich, S. S. Verdier, R. Veres, G. I. Walters, P. Wenger, E. Willhelm, D. Wolfs, F. L. H. Wosiek, B. Wozniak, K. Wyngaardt, S. Wyslouch, B. TI Recent results from PHOBOS on particle production at high p(T) SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID ROOT-S(NN)=200 GEV; AU+AU COLLISIONS; SUPPRESSION; STAR AB A selection of experimental results from the PHOBOS Collaboration relevant for probing high-energy nuclear collisions with high transverse momentum particles is presented. The inclusive yields of charged particles and comparisons between nuclear and elementary collisions already reveal a large amount of parton energy loss in the hot and dense medium created in heavy ion collisions. Remarkable scaling and factorization features are observed, unifying the data taken at various collision energies, centralities and nuclear sizes. To further analyze the nature of the energy loss, a measurement of pseudorapidity (Delta eta) and azimuthal angle (Delta phi) correlations between high transverse momentum charged hadrons (p(T) > 2.5 GeV/c) and all associated charged particles is presented at both short-range (small Delta eta) and long-range (large Delta eta) over a continuous detector acceptance covering-4 < Delta eta < 2. Various near-and away-side features of the correlation structure are discussed as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV. The results provide new information about the longitudinal (Delta eta) extent of the near-side 'ridge' structure, first observed by the STAR Collaboration over a narrower eta range. In central Au+Au collisions the ridge structure extends to at least Delta eta = 4, and its strength completely diminishes as collisions become more peripheral. C1 [Alver, B.; Ballintijn, M.; Busza, W.; Decowski, M. P.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Henderson, C.; Kane, J. L.; Kulinich, P.; Li, W.; Loizides, C.; Reed, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Vale, C.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Vaurynovich, S. S.; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wenger, E.; Wyslouch, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Back, B. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Carroll, A.; Chai, Z.; George, N.; Hauer, M.; Holzman, B.; Nouicer, R.; Pak, R.; Seals, H.; Sedykh, I.; Stankiewicz, M. A.; Steinberg, P.; Sukhanov, A.; Szostak, A.; Wyngaardt, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gburek, T.; Holynski, R.; Olszewski, A.; Trzupek, A.; Wosiek, B.; Wozniak, K.] PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Betts, R. R.; Chetluru, V.; Garcia, E.; Halliwell, C.; Harnarine, I.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Iordanova, A.; Sagerer, J.; Smith, C. E.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Mignerey, A. C.; Richardson, E.; Tonjes, M. B.; Willhelm, D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hamblen, J.; Johnson, E.; Khan, N.; Manly, S.; Walters, P.; Wolfs, F. L. H.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Alver, B (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gabor.veres@cern.ch RI Decowski, Patrick/A-4341-2011; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; OI Holzman, Burt/0000-0001-5235-6314 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 575 EP 582 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0911-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300006 ER PT J AU Sickles, A AF Sickles, Anne TI A four component picture for jet induced correlations in heavy ion collisions? SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID HADRONS AB These proceedings review recent results from two and three particle correlations in heavy ion collisions. In particular we discuss the modified structure of the away side jet correlations. Under the assumption that the away side can be decomposed into a punch through component at Delta phi=pi and a shoulder component with a peak displaced from pi many similar properties are observed between the ridge and shoulder. The particle ratios, yields and p (T) spectra are in near agreement. We also highlight important future measurements, including investigating if the decomposition of the away side jet correlations remains reasonable with high p (T) triggers and technical improvements to the extraction of jet induced correlations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sickles, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM anne@bnl.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 583 EP 588 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0850-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300007 ER PT J AU Dong, X AF Dong, Xin CA STAR Collaboration TI Heavy quark results from STAR SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID SEMILEPTONIC DECAY; JETS AB I report the most recent measurements on open heavy flavor production at RHIC on behalf of the STAR collaboration. The total charm production cross section in midrapidity at RHIC energy is found to approximately scale by number of binary collisions in d + Au, Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions. The nuclear modification factor of non-photonic electrons is strongly suppressed in central Au + Au collisions, suggesting substantial heavy quark energy loss at RHIC. The bottom decay contribution to non-photonic electrons was studied via the e-h and e-D (0) azimuthal angular correlations. The bottom contribution is found to be important at p (T) > 5 GeV/c, and is consistent with the FONLL calculation within uncertainties. Charm production through gluon jet splitting was measured by studying the D (*+/-) contents in the fully reconstructed jets in p+p collisions. This rate is consistent with pQCD evaluation of gluon splitting into a pair of charm quarks and subsequent hadronization. C1 [Dong, Xin; STAR Collaboration] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dong, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM xdong@lbl.gov RI Dong, Xin/G-1799-2014 OI Dong, Xin/0000-0001-9083-5906 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 659 EP 664 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0931-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300014 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, DE AF Kharzeev, Dmitri E. TI Parton energy loss at strong coupling and the universal bound SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; GAUGE-THEORY PLASMA; HIGH-DENSITY QCD; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; PARITY VIOLATION; BULK VISCOSITY; ODD BUBBLES; HOT QCD AB The apparent universality of jet quenching observed in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC for light and heavy quarks, as well as for quarks and gluons, is very puzzling and calls for a theoretical explanation. Recently, it has been proposed that synchrotron-like radiation at strong coupling gives rise to a universal bound on the energy of a parton escaping from the medium. Since this bound appears to be quite low, almost all of the observed particles at high transverse momentum have to originate from the surface of the hot fireball. Here I make a first attempt of checking this scenario against the RHIC data and formulate a "universal-bound model" of jet quenching that can be further tested at RHIC and LHC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kharzeev, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kharzeev@bnl.gov NR 88 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0860-7 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300016 ER PT J AU Xu, ZB Ullrich, T AF Xu, Zhangbu Ullrich, Thomas CA STAR Collaboration TI Quarkonia measurements with STAR SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID GLUON PLASMA; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTION; COLLISIONS; J/PSI; COLLABORATION; PERSPECTIVE; COLLIDER; MATTER AB We report results on quarkonium production from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). J/psi spectra in p + p and Cu + Cu collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV with transverse momenta in the range of 0.5-14 GeV/c and 5-8 GeV/c, respectively, are presented. We find that for p(T) > 5 GeV/c yields in p + p collisions are consistent with those in minimum-bias Cu + Cu collisions scaled with the respective number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. In this range the nuclear modification factor, R-AA, is measured to be 0.9 +/- 0.2 (stat). For the first time at RHIC, high-p(T) J/psi-hadron correlations were studied in p + p collisions. Implications from our measurements on J/psi production mechanisms, constraints on open bottom yields, and J/psi dissociation mechanisms at high-pT are discussed. In addition, we give a brief status of measurements of Gamma production in p + p and Au + Au collisions and present projections of future quarkonia measurements based on an upgrades to the STAR detector and increased luminosity achieved through stochastic cooling of RHIC. C1 [Xu, Zhangbu; Ullrich, Thomas; STAR Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, ZB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM thomas.ullrich@bnl.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 687 EP 691 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1018-y PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300018 ER PT J AU Lansberg, JP AF Lansberg, J. P. TI On the mechanisms of heavy-quarkonium hadroproduction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID ROOT S=1.8 TEV; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRONIC PRODUCTION; J/PSI-PRODUCTION; CHARMONIUM PRODUCTION; 2-PHOTON COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; J-PSI; QCD; FRAGMENTATION AB We discuss the various mechanisms potentially at work in hadroproduction of heavy quarkonia in the light of computations of higher-order QCD corrections both in the colour-singlet (CS) and colour-octet (CO) channels and the inclusion of the contribution arising from the s-channel cut in the CS channel. We also discuss new observables meant to better discriminate between these different mechanisms. C1 [Lansberg, J. P.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Lansberg, JP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Natl Accelerator Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM lansberg@slac.stanford.edu OI Lansberg, Jean-Philippe/0000-0003-2746-5986 NR 86 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 693 EP 703 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0826-9 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300019 ER PT J AU Mocsy, A AF Mocsy, Agnes TI Potential models for quarkonia SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID J/PSI-PRODUCTION; HEAVY; MATTER; COLLISIONS; PLASMA; NRQCD AB In this paper I discuss what we can learn about quarkonium dissociation from lattice-potential based models. Special emphasis is given to results obtained in agreement by different models, and to the relevance of lattice QCD for potential models. Future directions are also discussed. C1 [Mocsy, Agnes] Brookhaven Res Ctr, RIKEN, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Mocsy, Agnes] Pratt Inst, Dept Math & Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11205 USA. RP Mocsy, A (reprint author), Pratt Inst, Dept Math & Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11205 USA. EM amocsy@pratt.edu NR 40 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 705 EP 710 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0847-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300020 ER PT J AU Arnaldi, R Banicz, K Borer, K Castor, J Chaurand, B Chen, W Cicalo, C Colla, A Cortese, P Damjanovic, S David, A de Falco, A Devaux, A Ducroux, L En'yo, H Fargeix, J Ferretti, A Floris, M Forster, A Force, P Guettet, N Guichard, A Gulkanian, H Heuser, JM Keil, M Kluberg, L Li, Z Lourenco, C Lozano, J Manso, F Martins, P Masoni, A Neves, A Ohnishi, H Oppedisano, C Parracho, P Pillot, P Poghosyan, T Puddu, G Radermacher, E Ramalhete, P Rosinsky, P Scomparin, E Seixas, J Serci, S Shahoyan, R Sonderegger, P Specht, HJ Tieulent, R Usai, G Veenhof, R Wohri, HK AF Arnaldi, R. Banicz, K. Borer, K. Castor, J. Chaurand, B. Chen, W. Cicalo, C. Colla, A. Cortese, P. Damjanovic, S. David, A. de Falco, A. Devaux, A. Ducroux, L. En'yo, H. Fargeix, J. Ferretti, A. Floris, M. Foerster, A. Force, P. Guettet, N. Guichard, A. Gulkanian, H. Heuser, J. M. Keil, M. Kluberg, L. Li, Z. Lourenco, C. Lozano, J. Manso, F. Martins, P. Masoni, A. Neves, A. Ohnishi, H. Oppedisano, C. Parracho, P. Pillot, P. Poghosyan, T. Puddu, G. Radermacher, E. Ramalhete, P. Rosinsky, P. Scomparin, E. Seixas, J. Serci, S. Shahoyan, R. Sonderegger, P. Specht, H. J. Tieulent, R. Usai, G. Veenhof, R. Woehri, H. K. TI NA60 results on thermal dimuons SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PB-AU COLLISIONS; DILEPTON RADIATION; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; RHO; MANIFESTATION; EMISSION AB The NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS has measured muon pairs with unprecedented precision in 158 A GeV In-In collisions. A strong excess of pairs above the known sources is observed in the whole mass region 0.2 < M < 2.6 GeV. The mass spectrum for M < 1 GeV is consistent with a dominant contribution from pi (+) pi (-)->rho ->mu (+) mu (-) annihilation. The associated rho spectral function shows a strong broadening, but essentially no shift in mass. For M > 1 GeV, the excess is found to be prompt, not due to enhanced charm production, with pronounced differences to Drell-Yan pairs. The slope parameter T (eff) associated with the transverse momentum spectra rises with mass up to the rho, followed by a sudden decline above. The rise for M < 1 GeV is consistent with radial flow of a hadronic emission source. The seeming absence of significant flow for M > 1 GeV and its relation to parton-hadron duality is discussed in detail, suggesting a dominantly partonic emission source in this region. A comparison of the data to the present status of theoretical modeling is also contained. The accumulated empirical evidence, including also a Planck-like shape of the mass spectra at low p (T) and the lack of polarization, is consistent with a global interpretation of the excess dimuons as thermal radiation. We conclude with first results on omega in-medium effects. C1 [Arnaldi, R.; Colla, A.; Cortese, P.; Ferretti, A.; Oppedisano, C.; Scomparin, E.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arnaldi, R.; Colla, A.; Cortese, P.; Ferretti, A.; Oppedisano, C.; Scomparin, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Borer, K.] High Energy Phys Lab, Bern, Switzerland. [Chen, W.; Li, Z.] BNL, Upton, NY USA. [Cicalo, C.; de Falco, A.; Floris, M.; Masoni, A.; Puddu, G.; Serci, S.; Usai, G.; Woehri, H. K.] Univ Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. [Cicalo, C.; de Falco, A.; Floris, M.; Masoni, A.; Puddu, G.; Serci, S.; Usai, G.; Woehri, H. K.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cagliari, Italy. [Banicz, K.; Damjanovic, S.; David, A.; Foerster, A.; Guettet, N.; Keil, M.; Lourenco, C.; Martins, P.; Parracho, P.; Radermacher, E.; Ramalhete, P.; Rosinsky, P.; Shahoyan, R.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Castor, J.; Devaux, A.; Fargeix, J.; Force, P.; Guettet, N.; Manso, F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Castor, J.; Devaux, A.; Fargeix, J.; Force, P.; Guettet, N.; Manso, F.] CNRS, IN2P3, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Banicz, K.; Specht, H. J.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [David, A.; Keil, M.; Lozano, J.; Martins, P.; Neves, A.; Parracho, P.; Ramalhete, P.; Seixas, J.; Shahoyan, R.; Sonderegger, P.; Veenhof, R.; Woehri, H. K.] IST CFTP, Lisbon, Portugal. [Ducroux, L.; Guichard, A.; Pillot, P.; Tieulent, R.] Univ Lyon 1, IPN Lyon, F-69365 Lyon, France. [Ducroux, L.; Guichard, A.; Pillot, P.; Tieulent, R.] CNRS, IN2P3, Lyon, France. [Chaurand, B.; Kluberg, L.] Ecole Polytech, LLR, Palaiseau, France. [Chaurand, B.; Kluberg, L.] CNRS, IN2P3, Palaiseau, France. [En'yo, H.; Heuser, J. M.; Ohnishi, H.] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan. [Gulkanian, H.; Poghosyan, T.] YerPhI, Yerevan, Armenia. RP Arnaldi, R (reprint author), Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. EM sanja.damjanovic@cern.ch RI Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Cortese, Pietro/G-6754-2012; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; En'yo, Hideto/B-2440-2015; Lozano-Bahilo, Julio/F-4881-2016; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Seixas, Joao/F-5441-2013; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; OI Scomparin, Enrico/0000-0001-9015-9610; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Lozano-Bahilo, Julio/0000-0003-0613-140X; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Seixas, Joao/0000-0002-7531-0842; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Floris, Michele/0000-0003-0635-788X NR 30 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 711 EP 720 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0878-5 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300021 ER PT J AU Tannenbaum, MJ AF Tannenbaum, M. J. TI Successes and failures with hard probes SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID PROTON-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ENERGY-LOSS; HADRON SPECTRA; SUPPRESSION; PARTICLE; MATTER; QCD AB The two major pillars of searches for the Quark Gluon Plasma have been: J/psi suppression, proposed in 1986, and observed at both SPS fixed target energies and at RHIC; and, more recently, the suppression of pi(0) with p(T) >= 3 GeV/c by a factor similar to 5 in Au+Au central collisions, observed at RHIC in 2001, which had been predicted in advance as a consequence of Landau-Pomeranchuck-Migdal coherent (gluon) bremsstrahlung by the outgoing hard-scattered partons traversing the medium. However, new effects were discovered and the quality of the measurements greatly improved so that the clarity of the original explanations has become obscured. For instance: J/psi suppression is the same at SpS and RHIC. Is it the QGP, comovers, something else? QCD provides beautiful explanations of pi(0) and direct gamma measurements in p-p collisions but precision fits of the best theories of pi(0) suppression barely agree with the Au+Au data. Better data are needed for 10 < p(T) < 20 GeV/c, systematic errors are needed in theory calculations, the values of parameters of the medium such as <(q) over cap > derived from precision fits are the subject of controversy. Baryons are much less suppressed than mesons, leading to an anomalous (p) over bar /pi ratio for 2 <= p(T) <= 4.5 GeV/c, but beautiful theoretical explanations of the effect such as recombination do not work in detail. Heavy quarks seem to be suppressed the same as the light quarks, naively arguing against the bremsstrahlung explanation and suggesting exotic, possible transformational explanations. Di-hadron correlations reveal a trigger side ridge, possible Mach cones on the away side, vanishing and reappearance of away jets, both wide and normal jet correlations with and without apparent loss of energy. Can this all be explained consistently? Preliminary results of direct gamma production in Au+Au appear to indicate a suppression approaching that of pi(0) for p(T) approximate to 20 GeV/c and a possibly thermal component for 1 <= p(T) <= 3 GeV/c. What are the implications? Are fragmentation photons a problem? Regeneration of direct. by outgoing partons is predicted, leading to negative nu(2)-is there evidence for or against it? STAR and PHENIX have different observations relevant to the existence of monojets in d+Au collisions. Will new data clarify the situation? When? etc. These and other issues will be discussed with a view to identify which conclusions are firm and where further progress towards real understanding is required. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tannenbaum, MJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mjt@bnl.gov OI Tannenbaum, Michael/0000-0002-8840-5314 NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 747 EP 759 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0877-6 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300026 ER PT J AU Salur, S AF Salur, Sevil CA STAR Collaboration TI First direct measurement of jets in root s(NN)=200 GeV heavy ion collisions by STAR SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID ALGORITHM; ENERGIES; GLUONS; LHC AB We present the first measurement of reconstructed jets in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Utilizing the large coverage of the STAR Time Projection Chamber and Electromagnetic Calorimeter, we apply several modern jet reconstruction algorithms and background subtraction techniques and explore their systematic uncertainties in heavy ion events. The differential energy spectrum for inclusive jet production in central Au+Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV is presented. In order to assess the jet reconstruction biases, this spectrum is compared with the jet cross section measured in root s = 200 GeV p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary N-N collisions to account for nuclear geometric effects. C1 [Salur, Sevil; STAR Collaboration] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salur, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70R0319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssalur@lbl.gov NR 26 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 761 EP 767 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0880-y PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300027 ER PT J AU Kunde, GJ van Hecke, H Hessler, K Mironov, C AF Kunde, G. J. van Hecke, H. Hessler, K. Mironov, C. TI Z (0)-tagged quark jets at the large hadron collider SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ENERGY-LOSS; LHC; CMS AB The Large Hadron Collider will allow studies of hard probes in nucleus-nucleus collisions which were not accessible at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider-even the study of small cross-section Z (0)-tagged jets becomes possible. Going beyond the measurement of back-to-back correlations of two strongly interacting particles to measure plasma properties, we replace one side by an electromagnetic probe which propagates through the plasma undisturbed and therefore provides a measurement of the energy of the initial hard scattering. We show that at sufficiently high transverse momentum the Z (0)-tagged jets originate predominately from the fragmentation of quarks and anti-quarks while gluon jets are suppressed. We propose to use lepton-pair tagged jets to study medium-induced partonic energy loss and to measure in-medium parton fragmentation functions to determine the opacity of the quark gluon plasma. C1 [Kunde, G. J.; van Hecke, H.; Hessler, K.; Mironov, C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87506 USA. RP Kunde, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87506 USA. EM g.j.kunde@Lanl.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 785 EP 788 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0955-9 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300031 ER PT J AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, R. TI Determining the uncertainty on the total heavy-flavor cross section SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID HADRONIC COLLISIONS; QUARK PRODUCTION; CHARM; HADROPRODUCTION; BOTTOM AB We assess the theoretical uncertainties on the total heavy-quark cross section. We discuss the importance of the quark mass, the choice of the scale, the number of light flavors and the parton densities on the estimate of the uncertainty. At first glance, the uncertainty bands on the total charm cross sections obtained by integrating the FONLL inclusive cross section and by integrating the partonic total cross sections appear to be incompatible. We explain how this apparent difference arises and describe how the two results can be reconciled. The small mass of the charm quark amplifies the effect of varying the other parameters in the calculation, making the uncertainty on the total charm cross section difficult to quantify. On the other hand, the bottom-quark total cross section is under much better theoretical control, and differences between the two approaches are small. C1 [Vogt, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vogt, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vogt, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vogt@lbl.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 793 EP 798 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0809-x PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300033 ER PT J AU Zhang, HZ Owens, J Wang, EK Wang, XN AF Zhang, Hanzhong Owens, Jeff Wang, Enke Wang, Xin-Nian TI Surface versus volume emissions in photon-hadron correlations SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID COLLISIONS AB High-p (T) photon-hadron correlations are studied within the next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD parton model with modified parton-jet fragmentation functions due to jet quenching in high-energy A+A collisions. In central A+A collisions, the away-side hadrons with large z (T)=p (T) (h) /p (T) (gamma) are controlled mainly by the surface emission of the gamma-jet events, while a small z (T) region will be volume emission bias. In other words, gamma jets for a small-z (T) region probe the dense matter deeper than those gamma jets for a large-z (T) region, so the small-z (T) gamma jets are found to be slightly more sensitive to the properties of the dense matter than the large-z (T) gamma jets. C1 [Zhang, Hanzhong; Wang, Enke] Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hanzhong; Wang, Enke] Huzhong Normal Univ, Key Lab Quark & Lepton Phys, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hanzhong] Shandong Univ, Dept Phys, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Owens, Jeff] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wang, Xin-Nian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, HZ (reprint author), Huazhong Normal Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM zhanghz@iopp.ccnu.edu.cn OI Wang, Xin-Nian/0000-0002-9734-9967 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 825 EP 828 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-008-0825-x PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300038 ER PT J AU Sorensen, P AF Sorensen, Paul TI Interpreting near-side correlations and the RHIC beam energy scan SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID CHIRAL-SYMMETRY RESTORATION; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PHASE-TRANSITION; FINITE-DENSITY; CRITICAL-POINT; QCD; TEMPERATURE; FLUCTUATIONS AB Recent data from heavy ion collisions at RHIC show strong near-side correlations extending over several units of rapidity. This ridge-like correlation exhibits an abrupt onset with collision centrality. In this talk, I argue that the centrality and beam-energy dependence of these near-angle correlations could provide access to information about the Quark Gluon Plasma phase boundary and the Equation of State of nuclear matter. A beam-energy-scan at RHIC will better reveal the true source of these correlations and should be a high priority at RHIC. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sorensen, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM prsorensen@bnl.gov OI Sorensen, Paul/0000-0001-5056-9391 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0991-5 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300039 ER PT J AU Tram, VN Arleo, F AF Tram, Vi-Nham Arleo, Francois TI Global analysis of J/psi suppression in cold nuclear matter SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; J-PSI-SUPPRESSION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLISIONS; GEV/C; DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION; PHOTON; HADRON; QCD AB Interpreting the J/psi suppression reported in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS and RHIC requires a quantitative understanding of cold nuclear-matter effects, such as the inelastic rescattering of J/psi states in nuclei or the nuclear modification of parton densities. With respect to our former Glauber analysis, we include in the present work the new PHENIX d-Au measurements, and we analyze as well all existing data using the EPS08 nuclear parton densities recently released. The largest suppression reported in the new PHENIX analysis leads in turn to an increase of sigma (J/psi N) from 3.5 +/- 0.3 to 5.4 +/- 2.5 mb using the PDF of the proton. The stronger x-dependence of the G (A) /G (p) ratio in EPS08 as compared to e.g. EKS98 shifts the cross section towards larger values at fixed-target energies (x (2 similar to)0.1), while decreasing somehow the value extracted at RHIC (x (2 similar to)10(-2)). C1 [Tram, Vi-Nham] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arleo, Francois] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Theor LAPTH, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. RP Tram, VN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vntram@lbl.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 847 EP 852 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0864-y PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300042 ER PT J AU Mironov, C Vogt, R Kunde, GJ AF Mironov, Camelia Vogt, Ramona Kunde, Gerd J. TI Dilepton-tagged Q(Q)over-bar + jet events at the LHC SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions CY JUN 08-14, 2008 CL Illa da Toxa, SPAIN ID PHYSICS PERFORMANCE REPORT; ALICE AB We propose a new method for identifying and isolating Q (Q) over bar + jet events through semileptonic decays of the Q (Q) over bar pair. Employing these decay dileptons to tag the jet in a specific kinematic region provides a clean signature of jets associated with heavy-quark production. The measurement, in both pp and heavy-ion collisions, is essential for addressing heavy-quark fragmentation in vacuum and in a dense medium. We present next-to-leading order calculations of Q (Q) over bar production (leading order in Q (Q) over bar + jet production) in root s = 14 TeV pp collisions at the LHC and discuss the feasibility of the measurement in heavy-ion collisions at root s(NN) = 5.5 TeV. C1 [Mironov, Camelia; Kunde, Gerd J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Vogt, Ramona] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Vogt, Ramona] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA USA. RP Mironov, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM camelia.mironov@cern.ch NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 4 BP 893 EP 898 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-0929-y PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 464EO UT WOS:000267488300048 ER PT J AU Corwin, AD de Boer, MP AF Corwin, A. D. de Boer, M. P. TI A Linearized Method to Measure Dynamic Friction of Microdevices SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE MEMS; Dynamic friction; Static friction; Polysilicon; Micromachine; Tribology; Friction ID STATIC FRICTION; MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ADHESION; WEAR; MEMS; MECHANISMS; MONOLAYER; SURFACES; CONTACT AB We propose and evaluate a linearized method to measure dynamic friction between micromachined surfaces. This linearized method reduces the number of data points needed to obtain dynamic friction data, minimizing the effect of wear on sliding surfaces during the measurement. We find that the coefficient of dynamic friction is lower than the coefficient of static friction, while the adhesive pressure is indistinguishable for the two measurements. Furthermore, after an initial detailed measurement is made on a device type, the number of trial runs required to take the data on subsequent devices can be reduced from 200 to approximately 20. C1 [Corwin, A. D.; de Boer, M. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Core Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Corwin, AD (reprint author), GE Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM corwin@ge.com RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 FU Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 3 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1007/s11340-008-9158-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 456BV UT WOS:000266814300006 ER PT J AU Park, CC Petyuk, VA Qian, WJ Smith, RD Smith, DJ AF Park, Christopher C. Petyuk, Vladislav A. Qian, Wei-Jun Smith, Richard D. Smith, Desmond J. TI Dual spatial maps of transcript and protein abundance in the mouse brain SO EXPERT REVIEW OF PROTEOMICS LA English DT Review DE brain mapping; in situ hybridization; mass spectrometry; microarray; mouse model; neurodegeneration; Parkinson's disease; proteomics; transcriptomic; voxelation ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; EXPRESSION; VOXELATION; PROTEOMICS; RESOLUTION AB Integrating quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic datasets promises valuable insights in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of the brain. We concentrate on recent studies using mass spectrometry and microarray data to investigate transcript and protein abundance in normal and diseased neural tissues. Highlighted are dual spatial maps of these molecules obtained using voxelation of the mouse brain. We demonstrate that the relationship between transcript and protein levels displays a specific anatomical distribution, with greatest fidelity in midline structures and the hypothalamus. Genes are also identified that have strong correlations between mRNA and protein abundance. In addition, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of mouse models of Parkinson's disease are discussed. C1 [Park, Christopher C.; Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Smith, Richard D.; Smith, Desmond J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Petyuk, Vladislav A.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dsmith@mednet.ucla.edu RI Mavoa, Suzanne/B-5372-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Petyuk, Vladislav/0000-0003-4076-151X FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR018522-055018, P41 RR018522, P41 RR018522-06, RR18522]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS050148, R01 NS050148-04] NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU EXPERT REVIEWS PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1478-9450 J9 EXPERT REV PROTEOMIC JI Expert Rev. Proteomics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1586/EPR.09.46 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 461AH UT WOS:000267234800007 PM 19489697 ER PT J AU Cloet, IC Eichmann, G El-Bennich, B Klahn, T Roberts, CD AF Cloet, I. C. Eichmann, G. El-Bennich, B. Klaehn, T. Roberts, C. D. TI Survey of Nucleon Electromagnetic Form Factors SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; QUARK-DIQUARK MODEL; CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; VECTOR-MESONS; QCD; COVARIANT; PHYSICS; PROTON; MASSES AB A dressed-quark core contribution to nucleon electromagnetic form factors is calculated. It is defined by the solution of a Poincare covariant Faddeev equation in which dressed-quarks provide the elementary degree of freedom and correlations between them are expressed via diquarks. The nucleon-photon vertex involves a single parameter; namely, a diquark charge radius. It is argued to be commensurate with the pion's charge radius. A comprehensive analysis and explanation of the form factors is built upon this foundation. A particular feature of the study is a separation of form factor contributions into those from different diagram types and correlation sectors, and subsequently a flavour separation for each of these. Amongst the extensive body of results that one could highlight are: r(1)(n,u) > r(1)(n,d), owing to the presence of axial-vector quark-quark correlations; and for both the neutron and proton the ratio of Sachs electric and magnetic form factors possesses a zero. C1 [Cloet, I. C.; Eichmann, G.; El-Bennich, B.; Klaehn, T.; Roberts, C. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cloet, I. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Eichmann, G.] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Roberts, C. D.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Roberts, CD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov OI Eichmann, Gernot/0000-0002-0546-2533; Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 84 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 46 IS 1 BP 1 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s00601-009-0015-x PG 36 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 442HP UT WOS:000265832600001 ER PT J AU Morisette, JT Richardson, AD Knapp, AK Fisher, JI Graham, EA Abatzoglou, J Wilson, BE Breshears, DD Henebry, GM Hanes, JM Liang, L AF Morisette, Jeffrey T. Richardson, Andrew D. Knapp, Alan K. Fisher, Jeremy I. Graham, Eric A. Abatzoglou, John Wilson, Bruce E. Breshears, David D. Henebry, Geoffrey M. Hanes, Jonathan M. Liang, Liang TI Tracking the rhythm of the seasons in the face of global change: phenological research in the 21st century SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; DIGITAL CAMERA; VEGETATION STRUCTURE; CLIMATE; ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATURE; MODELS; PREDICTION; PROGRAM; IMAGES AB Phenology is the study of recurring life-cycle events, classic examples being the flowering of plants and animal migration. Phenological responses are increasingly relevant for addressing applied environmental issues. Yet, challenges remain with respect to spanning scales of observation, integrating observations across taxa, and modeling phenological sequences to enable ecological forecasts in light of future climate change. Recent advances that are helping to address these questions include refined landscape-scale phenology estimates from satellite data, advanced, instrument-based approaches for field measurements, and new cyberinfrastructure for archiving and distribution of products. These breakthroughs are improving our understanding in diverse areas, including modeling land-surface exchange, evaluating climate-phenology relationships, and making land-management decisions. C1 [Morisette, Jeffrey T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Knapp, Alan K.] Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fisher, Jeremy I.] Synapse Energy Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Graham, Eric A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Abatzoglou, John] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Western Reg Climate Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Wilson, Bruce E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Henebry, Geoffrey M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hanes, Jonathan M.; Liang, Liang] Univ Wisconsin Milwaukee, Dept Geog, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Morisette, JT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. EM mori-settej@usgs.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012; Knapp, Alan/A-2931-2008; OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750; Wilson, Bruce/0000-0002-1421-1728; Graham, Eric/0000-0002-7495-4056; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 FU National Science Foundation Research [0639794] FX The authors thank JL Betancourt and MD Schwartz for their leadership in developing the USA National Phenology Network. It was through the August 2007 annual meeting of the USA-NPN Research Coordination Network (supported by National Science Foundation Research grant # 0639794) that the authors came together to develop this paper. The authors thank JF Weltzin for his leadership at that meeting and J Gross, who led the session calling for a phenology review paper. Please see WebPanel 1 for author contributions. NR 51 TC 182 Z9 190 U1 11 U2 132 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 7 IS 5 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1890/070217 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 456SV UT WOS:000266869700021 ER PT J AU Hu, SM Lu, ZT Yan, ZC AF Hu, Shui-ming Lu, Zheng-Tian Yan, Zong-Chao TI Precision spectroscopy of the helium atom SO FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS IN CHINA LA English DT Review DE precision spectroscopy; helium atom; fine structure constant ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPLITTINGS; HE-LIKE IONS; GROUND-STATE; LAMB SHIFT; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE INTERVAL; STRUCTURE CONSTANT; QED CORRECTIONS; FREQUENCY AB Persistent efforts in both theory and experiment have yielded increasingly precise understanding of the helium atom. Because of its simplicity, the helium atom has long been a testing ground for relativistic and quantum electrodynamic effects in few-body atomic systems theoretically and experimentally. Comparison between theory and experiment of the helium spectroscopy in 1s2p(3)P(J) can potentially extract a very precise value of the fine structure constant a. The helium atom can also be used to explore exotic nuclear structures. In this paper, we provide a brief review of the recent advances in precision calculations and measurements of the helium atom. C1 [Hu, Shui-ming] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Lu, Zheng-Tian] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lu, Zheng-Tian] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lu, Zheng-Tian] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Yan, Zong-Chao] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada. RP Hu, SM (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. EM smhu@ustc.edu.cn RI Hu, Shuiming/C-4287-2008; Yan, Zong-Chao/F-6668-2014 OI Hu, Shuiming/0000-0002-1565-8468; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10728408]; Ministry of Science and Technologyof China [2006CB922001]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC of Canada FX The collaborative effort was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10728408) and the Ministry of Science and Technologyof China (Grant No. 2006CB922001). Z.-T. Lu was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Z.C. Yan was supported by NSERC of Canada. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1673-3487 J9 FRONT PHYS CHINA JI Front. Phys. China PD JUN PY 2009 VL 4 IS 2 BP 165 EP 169 DI 10.1007/s11467-009-0018-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 632HT UT WOS:000280414000005 ER PT J AU Jacquinot, J Albajar, F Beaumont, B Becoulet, A Bonicelli, T Bora, D Campbell, D Chakraborty, A Darbos, C Decamps, H Denisov, G Goulding, R Graceffa, J Gassmann, T Hemsworth, R Henderson, M Hoang, GT Inoue, T Kobayashi, N Lamalle, PU Mukherjee, A Nightingale, M Rasmussen, D Rao, SL Saibene, G Sakamoto, K Sartori, R Schunke, B Sonato, P Swain, D Takahashi, K Tanaka, M Tanga, A Watanabe, K AF Jacquinot, J. Albajar, F. Beaumont, B. Becoulet, A. Bonicelli, T. Bora, D. Campbell, D. Chakraborty, A. Darbos, C. Decamps, H. Denisov, G. Goulding, R. Graceffa, J. Gassmann, T. Hemsworth, R. Henderson, M. Hoang, G. T. Inoue, T. Kobayashi, N. Lamalle, P. U. Mukherjee, A. Nightingale, M. Rasmussen, D. Rao, S. L. Saibene, G. Sakamoto, K. Sartori, R. Schunke, B. Sonato, P. Swain, D. Takahashi, K. Tanaka, M. Tanga, A. Watanabe, K. TI Progress on the heating and current drive systems for ITER SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Tokamak; Heating and current drive; ITER; NB heating; RF heating; Ion cyclotron waves; Electron cyclotron waves; Lower hybrid waves ID GYROTRON AB The electron cyclotron (EC), ion cyclotron (IC), heating-neutral beam (H-NB) and, although not in the day I baseline, lower hybrid (LH) systems intended for ITER have been reviewed in 2007/2008 in light of progress of physics and technology in the field. Although the overall specifications are unchanged, notable changes have been approved. Firstly, it has been emphasized that the H&CD systems are vital for the ITER programme. Consequently, the full 73 MW should be commissioned and available on a routine basis before the D/T phase. Secondly, significant changes have been approved at system level, most notably: the possibility to operate the heating beams at full power during the hydrogen phase requiring new shine through protection; the possibility to operate IC with 2 antennas with increased robustness (no moving parts): the possible increase to 2 MW of key components of the EC transmission systems in order to provide an easier upgrading of the EC power as may be required by the project; the addition of a building dedicated to the RF power sources and to a testing facility for acceptance of diagnostics and heating port plugs. Thirdly, the need of a plan for developing, in time for the active phase, a CD system such as LH suitable for very long pulse operation of ITER was recognised. The review describes these changes and their rationale. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacquinot, J.] CEA Gif Sur Yvette, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Beaumont, B.; Bora, D.; Campbell, D.; Darbos, C.; Decamps, H.; Graceffa, J.; Gassmann, T.; Hemsworth, R.; Henderson, M.; Kobayashi, N.; Lamalle, P. U.; Schunke, B.; Tanaka, M.; Tanga, A.] ITER Cadarache JWS, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Albajar, F.; Bonicelli, T.; Saibene, G.; Sartori, R.] Fus Energy, Barcelona 08019, Spain. [Becoulet, A.; Hoang, G. T.] IRFM, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Inoue, T.; Sakamoto, K.; Takahashi, K.; Watanabe, K.] JAEA, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Goulding, R.; Rasmussen, D.; Swain, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chakraborty, A.; Mukherjee, A.; Rao, S. L.] GIDC, Sector 25, ITER India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. [Denisov, G.] Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 60360, Russia. [Nightingale, M.] UKAEA Fus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Sonato, P.] Euratom ENEA Assoc, Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, I-35127 Padua, Italy. RP Jacquinot, J (reprint author), CEA Gif Sur Yvette, St Paul Les Durance, France. EM jean.jacquinot@cea.fr NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.100 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600006 ER PT J AU Durodie, F Nightingale, M Argouarch, A Berger-By, G Blackman, T Caughman, J Cocilovo, V Dumortier, P Edwards, P Fanthome, J Frigione, D Goulding, R Graham, M Hobrik, J Huygen, S Jachmich, S Jacquet, P Kaye, A Lamalle, PU Lerche, E Loarer, T Mayoral, ML Messiaen, A Monakhov, I Nave, MFF Nicholls, K Ongena, J Rimini, F Van Eester, D Vervier, M Vrancken, M Sozzi, C Stork, D Tsalas, M Walden, A Whitehurst, A Zastrow, KD AF Durodie, F. Nightingale, M. Argouarch, A. Berger-By, G. Blackman, T. Caughman, J. Cocilovo, V. Dumortier, P. Edwards, P. Fanthome, J. Frigione, D. Goulding, R. Graham, M. Hobrik, J. Huygen, S. Jachmich, S. Jacquet, P. Kaye, A. Lamalle, P. U. Lerche, E. Loarer, T. Mayoral, M. -L. Messiaen, A. Monakhov, I. Nave, M. F. F. Nicholls, K. Ongena, J. Rimini, F. Van Eester, D. Vervier, M. Vrancken, M. Sozzi, C. Stork, D. Tsalas, M. Walden, A. Whitehurst, A. Zastrow, K. -D. CA JET EDFA Contributors TI Commissioning of the ITER-like ICRF antenna for JET SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE ICRH; JET; ITER; ILA AB The new JET ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) ITER-like antenna (ILA), which was assembled during 2006, was commissioned on the JET RF testbed prior to installation on the JET torus. The 4 resonant double loops (RDL) of the ILA were tested at high power at 42 MHz up to 42 kV for 5 s in 10 min intervals. Low power matching studies using a saltwater load placed in front of the ILA have allowed testing and optimizing proposed matching algorithms on single RDLs, paired RDLs and finally on the full array. The upper limit of the frequency range of the ILA appears to be limited to 47-49 MHz due to the effect on the electrical lengths of the connection between the capacitors and the conjugate T point. Capacitor position scans have allowed obtaining the necessary data to confirm the RF model of the RDL which is necessary for the scattering matrix arc detection. The latter is deemed necessary in order to detect arcs at the low impedance conjugate T of the circuit. The antenna was installed onto JET during August 2007 and commissioning on plasma started May 2008. At present the commissioning of the ILA on JET is ongoing in a series of dedicated experimental campaigns. (C) 2009 EURATOM. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Durodie, F.; Dumortier, P.; Huygen, S.; Jachmich, S.; Lerche, E.; Messiaen, A.; Ongena, J.; Van Eester, D.; Vervier, M.; Vrancken, M.] Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, ERM KMS, Brussels, Belgium. [Nightingale, M.; Blackman, T.; Edwards, P.; Fanthome, J.; Graham, M.; Jacquet, P.; Kaye, A.; Mayoral, M. -L.; Monakhov, I.; Nicholls, K.; Stork, D.; Walden, A.; Whitehurst, A.; Zastrow, K. -D.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Argouarch, A.; Berger-By, G.; Loarer, T.; Rimini, F.] CEA Cadarache, Euratom CEA Assoc, DSM IRFM, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Caughman, J.; Goulding, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Cocilovo, V.; Frigione, D.; Sozzi, C.] CR Frascati, Assoc EURATOM ENEA Fus, Rome, Italy. [Hobrik, J.] EURATOM Assoz, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Lamalle, P. U.] ITER Cadarache Joint Work Site, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Nave, M. F. F.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Assoc EURATOM IST, Ctr Fusao Nucl, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tsalas, M.] NCSR Demokritos, Assoc EURATOM Hellas, Agia Paraskevi Attica, Greece. RP Durodie, F (reprint author), Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, ERM KMS, Brussels, Belgium. EM frederic.durodie@telenet.be RI Sozzi, Carlo/F-4158-2012; Nave, Maria/A-5581-2013; Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016 OI Sozzi, Carlo/0000-0001-8951-0071; Nave, Maria/0000-0003-2078-6584; Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983 NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 279 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.074 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600030 ER PT J AU Mattei, M Cavinato, M Saibene, G Portone, A Albanese, R Ambrosino, G Horton, LD Kessel, C Koechl, F Lomas, PJ Nunes, I Parail, V Sartori, R Sips, ACC Thomas, PR AF Mattei, M. Cavinato, M. Saibene, G. Portone, A. Albanese, R. Ambrosino, G. Horton, L. D. Kessel, C. Koechl, F. Lomas, P. J. Nunes, I. Parail, V. Sartori, R. Sips, A. C. C. Thomas, P. R. TI ITER operational space for full plasma current H-mode operation SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Plasma control; Plasma engineering; Scenario; Magnet system AB Sensitivity Studies performed as part of the ITER IO design review highlighted a very stiff dependence of the maximum Q attainable on the machine parameters. In particular, in the considered range, the achievable Q scales with I(p) 4. As a consequence, the achievement of the ITER objective of Q = 10 requires the machine to be routinely operated at a nominal current I(p) of 15 MA. and at full toroidal field BT of 5.3 T. This paper analyses the capabilities of the poloidal field (PF) system (including the central solenoid) of ITER against realistic full Current plasma scenarios. An exploration of the ITER operational space for the 15 and 17 MA inductive scenario is carried out. An extensive analysis includes the evaluation of margins for the closed loop shape control action. The overall results of this analysis indicate that the control of a 15 MA plasma in ITER is likely to be adequate in the range of li 0.7-0.9 whereas, for a 17 MA plasma, control capabilities are strongly reduced. The ITER operational space, provided by the reference pre-2008 PF system, was rather limited if compared to the range of parameters normally observed in present experiment. Proposals for increasing the Current and held limits on PF2, PF5 and PF6, adjustment on the number Of turns in some of the PF coils, changes to the divertor dome geometry, to the conductor of PF6 to Nb3Sn, moving PF6 radially and/or vertically are described and evaluated in the paper. Some of them have been included in 2008 ITER revised configuration. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mattei, M.] Univ Naples 2, Assoc Euratom ENEA CREATE, Aversa, CE, Italy. [Cavinato, M.; Saibene, G.; Portone, A.; Sartori, R.; Thomas, P. R.] Fus Energy Joint Undertaking, Barcelona 08019, Spain. [Albanese, R.; Ambrosino, G.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Assoc Euratom ENEA CREATE, Naples, Italy. [Horton, L. D.; Parail, V.; Sips, A. C. C.] EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Garching, Germany. [Kessel, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Koechl, F.] Assoc EURATOM OAW ATI, Vienna, Austria. [Lomas, P. J.] EURATOM, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Nunes, I.] Assoc EURATOM IST, Ctr Fusao Nucl, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Mattei, M (reprint author), Univ Naples 2, Assoc Euratom ENEA CREATE, Aversa, CE, Italy. EM massimiliano.mattei@unirc.it RI Albanese, Raffaele/B-5394-2016; Nunes, Isabel/D-1627-2017; OI Albanese, Raffaele/0000-0003-4586-8068; Ambrosino, Giuseppe/0000-0002-2549-2772; Nunes, Isabel/0000-0003-0542-1982; Mattei, Massimiliano/0000-0001-7951-6584 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.073 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600034 ER PT J AU Oh, YK Kim, WC Park, KR Park, MK Yang, HL Kim, YS Chu, Y Kim, YO Bak, JG Baang, EN Yoon, SW Hahn, SH Lee, HJ Park, SH Kim, KH Hong, J Baek, SH Kim, MK Lee, TG Lee, SI Bae, YS Yonekawa, H Choi, JH Hwang, IS Kim, YJ Cho, KW Park, YM Kim, JY Lee, JH Bak, JS Kwon, M Lee, GS Kwak, JG Ahn, HS Walker, ML Humphreys, DA Leuer, JA Hyatt, A Jackson, G Mueller, D Ivanov, DP AF Oh, Yeong-Kook Kim, W. C. Park, K. R. Park, M. K. Yang, H. L. Kim, Y. S. Chu, Y. Kim, Y. O. Bak, J. G. Baang, E. N. Yoon, S. W. Hahn, S. H. Lee, H. J. Park, S. H. Kim, K. H. Hong, J. Baek, S. H. Kim, M. K. Lee, T. G. Lee, S. I. Bae, Y. S. Yonekawa, H. Choi, J. H. Hwang, I. S. Kim, Y. J. Cho, K. W. Park, Y. M. Kim, J. Y. Lee, J. H. Bak, J. S. Kwon, M. Lee, G. S. Kwak, J. G. Ahn, H. S. Walker, M. L. Humphreys, D. A. Leuer, J. A. Hyatt, A. Jackson, G. Mueller, D. Ivanov, D. P. TI Commissioning and initial operation of KSTAR superconducting tokamak SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE KSTAR; Commissioning; Cool-down; Superconducting magnet; Initial operation; First plasma; Preionization ID CONSTRUCTION; SYSTEM; DESIGN AB The commissioning and the initial operation for the first plasma in the KSTAR device have been accomplished successfully without any severe failure preventing the device operation and plasma experiments. The commissioning is classified into four steps: Vacuum commissioning, cryogenic cool-down commissioning. magnet system commissioning, and plasma discharge. Vacuum commissioning commenced after completion of the tokamak and basic ancillary systems construction. Base pressure of the vacuum vessel was about 3 x 10(-6) Pa and that of the cryostat about 2.7 x 10(-4) Pa. and both levels meet the KSTAR requirements to start the cool-down operation. All the SC magnets were cooled down by a 9 kW rated cryogenic helium facility and reached the base temperature of 4.5 K in a month. The performance test of the superconducting magnet showed that the joint resistances were below 3 n Omega and the resistance to ground after cool-down was over 1 G Omega. An ac loss test of each PF coil made by applying a dc biased sinusoidal current showed that the coupling loss was within the KSTAR requirement with the coupling loss time constant less than 35 ms for both Nb(3)Sn and NbTi magnets. All the Superconducting magnets operated in stable without quench for long-time dc operation and with synchronized pulse operation by the plasma control system (PCS). By using an 84 GHz ECH system, second harmonic ECH assisted plasma discharges were produced Successfully with loop voltage of less than 3 V. By the real-time feedback control, operation of 100 kA plasma current with pulse length Lip to 865 ms was achieved, which also meet the first plasma target of 100 kA and 100 ins. The KSTAR device will be operated to meet the missions of steady-state and high-beta achievement by system upgrades and collaborative researches. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Oh, Yeong-Kook; Kim, W. C.; Park, K. R.; Park, M. K.; Yang, H. L.; Kim, Y. S.; Chu, Y.; Kim, Y. O.; Bak, J. G.; Baang, E. N.; Yoon, S. W.; Hahn, S. H.; Lee, H. J.; Park, S. H.; Kim, K. H.; Hong, J.; Baek, S. H.; Kim, M. K.; Lee, T. G.; Lee, S. I.; Bae, Y. S.; Yonekawa, H.; Choi, J. H.; Hwang, I. S.; Kim, Y. J.; Cho, K. W.; Park, Y. M.; Kim, J. Y.; Lee, J. H.; Bak, J. S.; Kwon, M.; Lee, G. S.] NFRI, Taejon, South Korea. [Kwak, J. G.] KAERI, Taejon, South Korea. [Ahn, H. S.] POSCON Cooperat, Kyungbuk, South Korea. [Walker, M. L.; Humphreys, D. A.; Leuer, J. A.; Hyatt, A.; Jackson, G.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [Mueller, D.] PPPL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ivanov, D. P.] RRCKI, NFI, Moscow, Russia. RP Oh, YK (reprint author), NFRI, Taejon, South Korea. EM ykoh@nfri.re.kr OI Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 344 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.12.099 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600043 ER PT J AU Dudek, LE Chrzanowski, JH Heitzenroeder, PJ Raftopoulos, S Viola, ME Neilson, GH Rej, D Cole, MJ Goranson, P Freudenberg, K AF Dudek, Lawrence E. Chrzanowski, James H. Heitzenroeder, Philip J. Raftopoulos, Stephen Viola, Michael E. Neilson, George H. Rej, Donald Cole, Michael J. Goranson, Paul Freudenberg, Kevin TI Status of the NCSX construction SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE NCSX; Stellarator; Compact; Construction AB The National Compact Stellarator Experiment (NCSX) has been under construction at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) in partnership with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The stellarator core is designed to produce a compact 3D plasma that combines stellarator and tokamak physics advantages. The complex geometry and tight fabrication tolerances of NCSX create some unique engineering and assembly challenges. The NCSX project was cancelled in May 2008; construction activities are presently being phased out in an orderly fashion. This paper will describe the progress of the fabrication and assembly activities of NCSX. Completion of the coil fabrication is on track for the summer of 2008. All three of the vacuum vessel 120 degrees sections have been delivered. Assembly of vacuum vessel services began in May 2006 and is now complete. Assembly of the modular coils into 3-packs for safe storage is presently underway. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dudek, Lawrence E.; Chrzanowski, James H.; Heitzenroeder, Philip J.; Raftopoulos, Stephen; Viola, Michael E.; Neilson, George H.; Rej, Donald] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Cole, Michael J.; Goranson, Paul; Freudenberg, Kevin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dudek, LE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 351 EP 354 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.094 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600044 ER PT J AU Darbos, C Henderson, M Albajar, F Bigelow, T Bonicelli, T Chavan, R Denisov, GG Fasel, D Heidinger, R Hogge, JP Kobayashi, N Piosczyk, B Rao, SL Rasmussen, D Saibene, G Sakamoto, K Takahashi, K Thumm, M AF Darbos, C. Henderson, M. Albajar, F. Bigelow, T. Bonicelli, T. Chavan, R. Denisov, G. G. Fasel, D. Heidinger, R. Hogge, J. P. Kobayashi, N. Piosczyk, B. Rao, S. L. Rasmussen, D. Saibene, G. Sakamoto, K. Takahashi, K. Thumm, M. TI Progress in design and integration of the ITER Electron Cyclotron H&CD system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE ITER; Electron Cyclotron; Gyrotrons; Launcher AB The Electron Cyclotron system for ITER is an in-kind procurement shared between five parties and the total installed power will be 24 MW, corresponding to a nominal injected power of 20 MW to the plasma, with a possible upgrade up to 48 MW (corresponding to 40 MW injected). Some critical issues have been raised and changes are proposed to simplify these procurements and to facilitate the integration into ITER. The progress in the design and the integration of the EC system into the whole project is presented in this paper, as well as some issues still under studies and some recommendations made by external expert committees. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Darbos, C.; Henderson, M.; Kobayashi, N.] ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Albajar, F.; Bonicelli, T.; Saibene, G.] Fus Energy, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain. [Bigelow, T.; Rasmussen, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chavan, R.; Fasel, D.; Hogge, J. P.] EPFL Ecublens, Assoc Euratom Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Denisov, G. G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Heidinger, R.] Assoc EURATOM FZK, IFM 1, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Piosczyk, B.; Thumm, M.] Assoc EURATOM FZK, IHM, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Rao, S. L.] Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India. [Sakamoto, K.; Takahashi, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Thumm, M.] Univ Karlsruhe, IHE, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Darbos, C (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM darbos@iter.org RI Hogge, Jean-Philippe/D-4143-2014 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 651 EP 655 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.02.007 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600106 ER PT J AU Hahn, SH Walker, ML Kim, K Ahn, HS Penaflor, BG Piglowski, DA Johnson, RD Choi, J Lee, DK Kim, J Yoon, SW Seo, SH Kim, HT Kim, KP Lee, TG Park, MK Bak, JG Lee, SG Nam, YU Eidietis, NW Leuer, JA Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL Mueller, D Welander, AS Abla, G Humphreys, DA Kim, WC Oh, YK AF Hahn, Sang-hee Walker, M. L. Kim, Kukhee Ahn, H. S. Penaflor, B. G. Piglowski, D. A. Johnson, R. D. Choi, Jaehoon Lee, Dong-Keun Kim, Jayhyun Yoon, S. W. Seo, Seong-Heon Kim, H. T. Kim, K. P. Lee, T. G. Park, M. K. Bak, J. G. Lee, S. G. Nam, Y. U. Eidietis, N. W. Leuer, J. A. Hyatt, A. W. Jackson, G. L. Mueller, D. Welander, A. S. Abla, G. Humphreys, D. A. Kim, W. C. Oh, Yeong-Kook TI Plasma control system for "Day-One" operation of KSTAR tokamak SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Tokamak; Plasma control; Poloidal held coil; Real-time control; Power supply control ID DESIGN AB A complete plasma control system (PCS) has been developed for KSTAR's first plasma campaign as a collaborative project with the DIII-D team. The KSTAR real time plasma control system is based on a conceptual design by Jhang and Choi [Hogun Jhang, I.S. Choi, Fusion Engineering and Design 73 (2005) 35-49] and consists of a fast real-time computer/communication cluster and software derived from the GA-PCS [Penaflor, B.G., et.al., Fusion Engineering and Design, 83 (2) (2008) 176]. The system has been used for simulation testing, poloidal field (PF) coil power supply commissioning and first plasma control. The seven sets of up-down symmetric, superconducting PF coil/power supply systems have been successfully tested. Reflective memory (RFM) is utilized as the primary actuator/PCS real-time communication layer and PCS synchronization with KSTAR timing system and slower control devices is achieved through an EPICS implementation. Consistent feedback loop times of 100 microseconds has been achieved during PF coil power supply testing and first plasma commissioning. Here we present the "Day-One" plasma control system in its final form for the first plasma experimental campaign of KSTAR and describe how the system has been utilized during magnet commissioning and plasma startup experiments. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hahn, Sang-hee; Kim, Kukhee; Choi, Jaehoon; Lee, Dong-Keun; Kim, Jayhyun; Yoon, S. W.; Seo, Seong-Heon; Kim, H. T.; Kim, K. P.; Lee, T. G.; Park, M. K.; Bak, J. G.; Lee, S. G.; Nam, Y. U.; Kim, W. C.; Oh, Yeong-Kook] NFRI, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Walker, M. L.; Penaflor, B. G.; Piglowski, D. A.; Johnson, R. D.; Eidietis, N. W.; Leuer, J. A.; Hyatt, A. W.; Jackson, G. L.; Welander, A. S.; Abla, G.; Humphreys, D. A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Ahn, H. S.] Korea Univ, POSCON Corp R&D Ctr, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Mueller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Hahn, SH (reprint author), NFRI, Taejon 305333, South Korea. EM hahn76@nfri.re.kr OI Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 17 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 867 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.12.082 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600152 ER PT J AU Kolasinski, RD Umstadter, KR Sharpe, JP Causey, RA Pawelko, RJ Whaley, JA Buchenauer, DA Shimada, M AF Kolasinski, R. D. Umstadter, K. R. Sharpe, J. P. Causey, R. A. Pawelko, R. J. Whaley, J. A. Buchenauer, D. A. Shimada, M. TI The impact of specific surface area on the retention of deuterium in carbon fiber composite materials SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Retention; Carbon; Diffusion; Tritium inventory ID FACILITY; GRAPHITE; PISCES AB In this study, the PISCES-A linear plasma instrument has been used to characterize retention in several carbon fiber composites in order to better understand the factors which lead to elevated retention levels in these materials. The PISCES instrument is capable of subjecting materials to intense fluxes (up to 10(22) m(-1) s(-1)) of low energy (150eV) D(+) ions, producing conditions similar to those encountered by plasma facing components in a fusion reactor. In this investigation, three CFCs (fabricated with different manufacturing processes) are compared with the N11 composite used in the Tore Supra reactor. The specific surface areas for these materials were within the range of 0.14-0.55 m(2)/g. The plasma bombardment conditions were adjusted to provide doses on the order of 10(25)-10(26) m(2) at a sample temperature of 200 degrees C. After removal from PISCES-A, the amount of D retained in the sample Surface was determined via thermal desorption spectroscopy. The measured retention showed a strong correlation with the type of material used and the corresponding BET surface area. By using a CFC with a lower internal porosity, one could expect a reduction in retention by a factor of 5 or more. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kolasinski, R. D.; Causey, R. A.; Whaley, J. A.; Buchenauer, D. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Hydrogen & Met Sci Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Umstadter, K. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sharpe, J. P.; Pawelko, R. J.; Shimada, M.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Kolasinski, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Hydrogen & Met Sci Dept, POB 969,MS 9161, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM rkolasi@sandia.gov OI Shimada, Masashi/0000-0002-1592-843X NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 2-6 BP 1068 EP 1071 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.12.008 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 468DT UT WOS:000267795600193 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Bell, M Berzak, L Brooks, A Ellis, R Gerhardt, S Harjes, H Kaita, R Kallman, J Maingi, R Majeski, R Mansfield, D Menard, J Nygren, RE Soukhanovskii, V Stotler, D Wakeland, P Zakharov, LE AF Kugel, H. W. Bell, M. Berzak, L. Brooks, A. Ellis, R. Gerhardt, S. Harjes, H. Kaita, R. Kallman, J. Maingi, R. Majeski, R. Mansfield, D. Menard, J. Nygren, R. E. Soukhanovskii, V. Stotler, D. Wakeland, P. Zakharov, L. E. TI Physics design requirements for the National Spherical Torus Experiment liquid lithium divertor SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Lithium; Divertors; Lithium wall fusion regime AB Recent National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX) high-power divertor experiments have shown significant and recurring benefits of solid lithium coatings on plasma facing components (PFCs) to the performance of divertor plasmas in both L- and H-mode confinement regimes heated by high-power neutral beams. The next step in this work is installation of a liquid lithium divertor (LLD) to achieve density control for inductionless current drive capability (e.g., about a 15-25% n(e) decrease from present highest non-induction less fraction discharges which often evolve toward the density limit, n(e)/n(GW) similar to 1), to enable n(e) scan capability (x2) in the H-mode, to test the ability to operate at significantly lower density (e.g., n(e)/n(GW)=0.25), for future reactor designs based on the Spherical Tokamak, and eventually to investigate high heat-flux power handling (10 MW/m(2)) with long pulse discharges (>1.5 s). The first step (LLD-1) physics design encompasses the desired plasma requirements. the experimental capabilities and conditions, power handling, radial location, pumping capability, operating temperature, lithium filling, MHD forces, and diagnostics for control and characterization. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kugel, H. W.; Bell, M.; Berzak, L.; Brooks, A.; Ellis, R.; Gerhardt, S.; Kaita, R.; Kallman, J.; Majeski, R.; Mansfield, D.; Menard, J.; Stotler, D.; Zakharov, L. E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Harjes, H.; Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Nygren, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Soukhanovskii, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Wakeland, P.] K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hkugel@pppl.gov RI Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015; OI Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 7-11 BP 1125 EP 1129 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.102 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 470WI UT WOS:000268012700013 ER PT J AU Merrill, BJ Moore, RL Sharpe, JP AF Merrill, Brad J. Moore, Richard L. Sharpe, J. Phillip TI A preliminary assessment of beryllium dust oxidation during a wet bypass accident in a fusion reactor SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Fusion safety; Beryllium dust oxidation; Wet bypass accident; ITER ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; GAS-PRESSURE AB A beryllium dust oxidation model has been developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) by the Fusion Safety Program (FSP) for the MELCOR safety computer code. The purpose of this model is to investigate hydrogen production from beryllium dust layers on hot surfaces inside a fusion reactor vacuum vessel (VV) during in-vessel loss-of-cooling accidents (LOCAs). This beryllium dust oxidation model accounts for the diffusion of steam into a beryllium dust layer, the oxidation of the dust particles inside this layer based on the beryllium-steam oxidation equations developed at the INL, and the effective thermal conductivity of this beryllium dust layer. This paper details this oxidation model and presents the results of the application of this model to a wet bypass accident scenario in the ITER device. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Merrill, Brad J.; Moore, Richard L.; Sharpe, J. Phillip] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Merrill, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Brad.Merrill@inl.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 7-11 BP 1285 EP 1288 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.065 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 470WI UT WOS:000268012700043 ER PT J AU Nygren, RE Harjes, HC Wakeland, P Ellis, R Kugel, HW Kaita, R Berzak, L Zakharov, L Ehrhart, B AF Nygren, Richard E. Harjes, H. Charles Wakeland, Peter Ellis, Robert Kugel, Henry W. Kaita, Robert Berzak, Laura Zakharov, Leonid Ehrhart, Brian TI Thermal control of the liquid lithium divertor for NSTX SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE NSTX; Divertor; Lithium ID LIMITER; TOKAMAK; SYSTEMS; DESIGN; T-11M AB The liquid lithium divertor (LLD) to be installed in NSTX has four toroidal panels, each a conical section inclined at 22 degrees like the previous graphite divertor tiles. Each LLD panel is a copper plate clad with similar to 0.25 mm of stainless steel (SS) and a surface layer of flame sprayed molybdenum (Mo) that will host lithium deposited from an evaporator. LITER (evaporators) already used in NSTX will be upgraded for the LLD. Each has twelve 500W cartridge heaters with thermocouples, 16 other thermocouples, and a channel for helium cooling. During LLD experiments, the LLD will be heated so that the lithium is just above its melting temperature. The length of each shot will be preset to prevent excessive evaporation of lithium from the LLD. This duration depends on the heat load and is likely to be in the range of less than a second to several seconds. Careful thermal control of the LLD is important to maximize the shot times and to guide operation of the LLD. This paper describes the layout of the LLD, its expected thermal performance, the control system, and supporting experiments and analysis. A companion paper in this conference, "Physics design requirements for the national spherical torus experiment liquid lithium divertor," provides other information. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nygren, Richard E.; Harjes, H. Charles] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wakeland, Peter] K Tech Corp, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Ellis, Robert; Kugel, Henry W.; Kaita, Robert; Berzak, Laura; Zakharov, Leonid] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Ehrhart, Brian] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12181 USA. RP Nygren, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM renygre@sandia.gov RI Ehrhart, Brian/B-9432-2014 OI Ehrhart, Brian/0000-0002-7420-2540 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 EI 1873-7196 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 7-11 BP 1438 EP 1441 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.098 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 470WI UT WOS:000268012700074 ER PT J AU Penaflor, BG Ferron, JR Walker, ML Humphreys, DA Leuer, JA Piglowski, DA Johnson, RD Xiao, BJ Hahn, SH Gates, DA AF Penaflor, B. G. Ferron, J. R. Walker, M. L. Humphreys, D. A. Leuer, J. A. Piglowski, D. A. Johnson, R. D. Xiao, B. J. Hahn, S. H. Gates, D. A. TI Extending the capabilities of the DIII-D Plasma Control System for worldwide fusion research collaborations SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Tokamak; Plasma Control; Real-Time Control; Linux AB This paper will discuss the recent enhancements which have been made to the DIII-D Plasma Control System (PCs) in order to further extend its usefulness as a shared tool for worldwide fusion research. The PCS developed at General Atomics is currently being used in a number of fusion research experiments worldwide, including the DIII-D Tokamak Facility in San Diego, and most recently the KSTAR Tokamak in South Korea. A number of enhancements have been made to support the ongoing needs of the DIII-D Tokamak in addition to meeting the needs of other PCS users worldwide. Details of the present PCS hardware and software architecture along with descriptions of the latest enhancements will be given. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Penaflor, B. G.; Ferron, J. R.; Walker, M. L.; Humphreys, D. A.; Leuer, J. A.; Piglowski, D. A.; Johnson, R. D.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Xiao, B. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Hahn, S. H.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Gates, D. A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Penaflor, BG (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM ben.penaflor@gat.com RI Xiao, Bingjia/A-1681-2017; OI Xiao, Bingjia/0000-0001-8692-2636; Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 7-11 BP 1484 EP 1487 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.034 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 470WI UT WOS:000268012700085 ER PT J AU Vrancken, M Argouarch, A Blackman, T Dumortier, P Durodie, F Evrard, M Goulding, RH Graham, M Huygen, S Jacquet, P Kaye, A Lerche, EA Nightingale, MPS Van Eester, D Vervier, M AF Vrancken, M. Argouarch, A. Blackman, T. Dumortier, P. Durodie, F. Evrard, M. Goulding, R. H. Graham, M. Huygen, S. Jacquet, Ph. Kaye, A. Lerche, E. A. Nightingale, M. P. S. Van Eester, D. Vervier, M. CA JET EFDA Contributors TI Scattering-matrix arc detection on the JET ITER-like ICRH antenna SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE ICRH; Antenna; Plasma heating; Impedance match; Voltage standoff; Arc protection AB Operating ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antennas at high power density puts them at risk of arcing which reduces the coupled power to the plasma because the perturbed impedance match triggers the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) based generator trip system but even worse might damage the antenna beyond repair because of the arc's localised energy deposition. New antennas are designed to operate in a load tolerant way which creates low impedance zones that are especially at risk since the existing VSWR protection systems are less sensitive to arcs in these areas. To protect these low impedance areas, a new arc protection system referred as scattering matrix arc detection (SMAD) has been proposed. This paper describes the basic operating principle and implementation in hard- and software for the JET ITER-like antenna (ILA), with testbed and preliminary JET commissioning results. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vrancken, M.; Dumortier, P.; Durodie, F.; Evrard, M.; Huygen, S.; Lerche, E. A.; Van Eester, D.; Vervier, M.] Royal Mil Acad, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, Plasma Phys Lab, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Argouarch, A.] CEA Cadarache, CEA DSM DRFC, CEA, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Blackman, T.; Graham, M.; Jacquet, Ph.; Kaye, A.; Nightingale, M. P. S.] UKAEA Euratom Fus Assoc, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. [Goulding, R. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vrancken, M (reprint author), Royal Mil Acad, Assoc EURATOM Belgian State, Plasma Phys Lab, Ave Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM Mark.Vrancken@jet.uk NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 7-11 BP 1953 EP 1960 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.11.035 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 470WI UT WOS:000268012700181 ER PT J AU Youchison, DL Goods, SH Puskar, JD DeLong, WA Martin, TT Narula, M Ying, A Ulrickson, MA Lutz, TJ McDonald, JM AF Youchison, D. L. Goods, S. H. Puskar, J. D. DeLong, W. A. Martin, T. T. Narula, M. Ying, A. Ulrickson, M. A. Lutz, T. J. McDonald, J. M. TI Thermal fatigue cycling of Be/Cu joining mock-ups SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Symposium on Fusion Technology CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Plasmaptys DE Beryllium; Intermetallics; HIPping; Fatigue; High heat flux; Electron beam; Joints; Thermal stress; Computational fluid dynamics; Ultrasonics ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; BERYLLIUM; ITER AB To evaluate beryllium-to-copper joining techniques for potential use by US manufacturers in making first wall components for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), we tested two mock-ups with S65C beryllium (Be) tiles Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) bonded to CuCrZr heat sinks. Under the aegis of the US ITER Project Office, Sandia prepared the mock-ups working with industrial vendors and performed high heat flux testing at Sandia's Plasma Material Test Facility (PMTF) to ascertain the robustness of the Be/Cu joints to 1000 thermal fatigue cycles at a heat flux level of 1.5 MW/m(2). Thermal stress analysis provided insight into choosing the heat flux and flow conditions required for accelerated fatigue testing at 1000 cycles and 1.5 MW/m2 that is comparable to the 12,000 cycles and 0.875 MW/m(2) required for the ITER First Wall Qualification Mock-ups. Each mock-up had three Be tiles, 35.5 mm square and 10 mm thick, bonded to a CuCrZr heat sink 134.5 mm x 36 mm x 25 nun with a single bored 12.7 mm (dia.) cooling channel. The bonding techniques included various interlayer metallizations and HIPping at 100 MPa pressure and temperature of 580 or 560 degrees C for 2 h. Each tile had a thermocouple (TC) in the center 1 mm below the Be/Cu interface. The test arrangement allowed for both mock-ups to be tested at the same time with alternate heating and cooling cycles of equal duration of 30 s. A total power of 12.7 kW was absorbed by the heated area of 4000 mm(2) during the on-cycle. The mock-up was cooled by water at 2.3 m/s (0.27 kg/s), I MPa and 20 C inlet temperature. These operating conditions did not permit the mock-ups to cool down to their initial temperature state during the off-cycle. Both mock-ups survived 1000 cycles with no significant changes. The temperature of the top surface on each reached 254 degrees C; while the center TCs reached 136 and 139 degrees C, respectively. Despite localized changes observed in the surface emissivity, the corrected temperature distributions on the surfaces varied by only a few degrees and did not change significantly during testing. We characterized the Be/Cu joint by ultrasonic testing before and after testing and sectioned the mock-ups for further evaluation. This article discusses the fabrication techniques, the results of the ultrasonic and thermal testing, and the time-dependent performance insights from computational fluid dynamics. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Youchison, D. L.; Puskar, J. D.; DeLong, W. A.; Martin, T. T.; Ulrickson, M. A.; Lutz, T. J.; McDonald, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Goods, S. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Narula, M.; Ying, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, MAE Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Youchison, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dlyouch@sandia.gov OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 7-11 BP 2008 EP 2014 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.01.003 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 470WI UT WOS:000268012700192 ER PT J AU Pelikan, M Hura, GL Hammel, M AF Pelikan, Martin Hura, Greg L. Hammel, Michal TI Structure and flexibility within proteins as identified through small angle X-ray scattering SO GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Small angle X-ray scattering; Protein flexibility; Molecular dynamics; Rigid body modeling ID EXTRACELLULAR ADHERENCE PROTEIN; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANALYTICAL ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; HUMAN-COMPLEMENT; RESOLUTION; HOMOLOGY; KINASE; SAXS AB Flexibility between domains of proteins is often critical for function. These motions and proteins with large scale flexibility in general are often not readily amenable to conventional structural analysis such as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) or electron microscopy. A common evolution of a crystallography project, once a high resolution structure has been determined, is to postulate possible sights of flexibility. Here we describe an analysis tool using relatively inexpensive small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements to identify flexibility and validate a constructed minimal ensemble of models, which represent highly populated conformations in solution. The resolution of these results is sufficient to address the questions being asked: what kinds of conformations do the domains sample in solution? In our rigid body modeling strategy BILBOMD, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to explore conformational space. A common strategy is to perform the MD simulation on the domains connections at very high temperature, where the additional kinetic energy prevents the molecule from becoming trapped in a local minimum. The MD simulations provide an ensemble of molecular models from which a SAXS curve is calculated and compared to the experimental curve. A genetic algorithm is used to identify the minimal ensemble (minimal ensemble search, MES) required to best fit the experimental data. We demonstrate the use of MES in several model and in four experimental examples. C1 [Hammel, Michal] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pelikan, Martin] Univ Missouri, Dept Math & Comp Sci, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Hammel, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 6R2100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mhammel@lbl.gov RI Pelikan, Martin/A-8547-2012 FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0547013]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Materiel Command; USAF [FA9550-06-1-0096]; University Of Missouri in St. Louis; Research Award and Research Board programs; NERSC [m870] FX We thank the Berkeley Lab Advanced Light Source (USA) and SIBYLS beamline staff at 12.3.1 for aiding solution scattering data collection for mPNK and FRDP experimental systems. X-ray scattering and diffraction technologies and their applications to macromolecular shapes and conformations in solution at the SIBYLS beaniline at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are supported in part by the DOE program Integrated Diffraction Analysis Technologies (IDAT). Protein sample including structure coordinates for FRDP were obtained from The Joint Center for Structural Genomics http://w,ww.jcsg.org. Grant sponsor: National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Protein Structure Initiative; grant U54 GM074898. Furthermore, we thank the synchrotron staff at ID02 beamline, ESRF (Grenoble, France), for aiding Solution scattering data collection for S4 experimental system. M. Pelikan was supported bythe National Science Foundation under CAREER grant ECS-0547013, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Materiel Command, USAF, under grant FA9550-06-1-0096, and the University Of Missouri in St. Louis through the High Performance Computing Collaboratory sponsored by information Technology Services, and the Research Award and Research Board programs. The computational part of this work was supported by the NERSC start up project (m870). NR 52 TC 170 Z9 171 U1 3 U2 27 PU GENERAL PHYSIOL AND BIOPHYSICS PI BRATISLAVA PA INST OF MOLEC PHYSIOL GENETICS SLOVAK ACAD OF SCI VLARSKA 5, 83334 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0231-5882 J9 GEN PHYSIOL BIOPHYS JI Gen. Physiol. Biophys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 28 IS 2 BP 174 EP 189 DI 10.4149/gpb_2009_02_174 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Physiology GA 470WW UT WOS:000268014100009 PM 19592714 ER PT J AU Jiao, Y Cai, C Kermany, MH Yan, J Cai, Q Miller, D Goldowitz, D Li, XM Yoo, TJ Gu, WK AF Jiao, Yan Cai, Chun Kermany, Mohammad Habiby Yan, Jian Cai, Qing Miller, Darla Goldowitz, Daniel Li, Xinmin Yoo, Tai-June Gu, Weikuan TI ENU induced single mutation locus on chr 16 leads to high-frequency hearing loss in mice SO GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ENU; genetic locus; hearing loss; high-frequency hearing loss; mouse; recessive ID GENOME-WIDE; MOUSE; MUTAGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; MUTANTS AB The hallmark of age-related (presbycusis) and noise-induced hearing loss is high-frequency (> 20 kHz) hearing loss. Through a collaborative study with TMGC (Tennessee Mouse Genome Consortium), seventeen ENU-induced mouse mutation strains with high-frequency hearing loss have been identified, but affected genes are yet identified. As a first step in identifying the gene/s underlying the ENU mutations, we created a F2 population between a representative mutation strain, 118 TNE and a wild type strain, CAST/EJ (CAST). Phenotypic analysis showed that there is a 3:1 ratio of segregation between normal and hearing loss in the F2 population, suggestion a single locus regulation. However, the linkage mapping identified 2 QTLs, each on chromosomes 15 and 16 Further statistical analysis of marker segregation patterns revealed that the locus on Chr 16 was ENU induced while the one on Chr 15 was derived from the parental strain, CAST. C1 [Jiao, Yan; Yan, Jian; Gu, Weikuan] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Campbell Clin, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Jiao, Yan; Yan, Jian; Gu, Weikuan] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pathol, Campbell Clin, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Cai, Chun; Kermany, Mohammad Habiby; Cai, Qing; Yoo, Tai-June] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. [Miller, Darla] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Goldowitz, Daniel] Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Ctr Mol Med & Therapeut, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Li, Xinmin] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, UCLA Clin Microarray Core, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Gu, WK (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Campbell Clin, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. FU National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institutes of Health [R01 AR511901] FX This work was supported by National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (R01 AR511901 to WG and by Veterans Administration Medical Center in Memphis We thank Mr. Zhiping Jia for his excellent technical assistance NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU GENETICS SOC JAPAN PI SHIZUOKA-KEN PA NATIONAL INST GENETICS YATA 1111, MISHIMA, SHIZUOKA-KEN, 411-8540, JAPAN SN 1341-7568 EI 1880-5779 J9 GENES GENET SYST JI Genes Genet. Syst. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 84 IS 3 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 510MR UT WOS:000271093100004 PM 19745570 ER PT J AU Barabote, RD Xie, G Leu, DH Normand, P Necsulea, A Daubin, V Medigue, C Adney, WS Xu, XC Lapidus, A Parales, RE Detter, C Pujic, P Bruce, D Lavire, C Challacombe, JF Brettin, TS Berry, AM AF Barabote, Ravi D. Xie, Gary Leu, David H. Normand, Philippe Necsulea, Anamaria Daubin, Vincent Medigue, Claudine Adney, William S. Xu, Xin Clare Lapidus, Alla Parales, Rebecca E. Detter, Chris Pujic, Petar Bruce, David Lavire, Celine Challacombe, Jean F. Brettin, Thomas S. Berry, Alison M. TI Complete genome of the cellulolytic thermophile Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B provides insights into its ecophysiological and evolutionary adaptations SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MICROORGANISM STREPTOMYCES-AVERMITILIS; COELICOLOR A3(2); CARBON-MONOXIDE; GENUS FRANKIA; CODON USAGE; SEQUENCE; BACTERIA; BINDING; GROWTH; CLASSIFICATION AB We present here the complete 2.4-Mb genome of the cellulolytic actinobacterial thermophile Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B. New secreted glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate esterases were identified in the genome, revealing a diverse biomass-degrading enzyme repertoire far greater than previously characterized and elevating the industrial value of this organism. A sizable fraction of these hydrolytic enzymes break down plant cell walls, and the remaining either degrade components in fungal cell walls or metabolize storage carbohydrates such as glycogen and trehalose, implicating the relative importance of these different carbon sources. Several of the A. cellulolyticus secreted cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes are fused to multiple tandemly arranged carbohydrate binding modules (CBM), from families 2 and 3. For the most part, thermophilic patterns in the genome and proteome of A. cellulolyticus were weak, which may be reflective of the recent evolutionary history of A. cellulolyticus since its divergence from its closest phylogenetic neighbor Frankia, a mesophilic plant endosymbiont and soil dweller. However, ribosomal proteins and noncoding RNAs ( rRNA and tRNAs) in A. cellulolyticus showed thermophilic traits suggesting the importance of adaptation of cellular translational machinery to environmental temperature. Elevated occurrence of IVYWREL amino acids in A. cellulolyticus orthologs compared to mesophiles and inverse preferences for G and A at the first and third codon positions also point to its ongoing thermoadaptation. Additional interesting features in the genome of this cellulolytic, hot-springs-dwelling prokaryote include a low occurrence of pseudogenes or mobile genetic elements, an unexpected complement of flagellar genes, and the presence of three laterally acquired genomic islands of likely ecophysiological value. C1 [Leu, David H.; Xu, Xin Clare; Berry, Alison M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Barabote, Ravi D.; Xie, Gary; Detter, Chris; Bruce, David; Challacombe, Jean F.; Brettin, Thomas S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, DOE Joint Genome Inst, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Normand, Philippe; Pujic, Petar; Lavire, Celine] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR Ecol Microbienne 5557, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Necsulea, Anamaria; Daubin, Vincent] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Medigue, Claudine] CNRS, UMR8030, F-91057 Evry, France. [Medigue, Claudine] CEA DSV IG Genoscope, Lab Genom Comparat, F-91057 Evry, France. [Adney, William S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lapidus, Alla] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Parales, Rebecca E.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Microbiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Berry, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM amberry@ucdavis.edu RI Barabote, Ravi/B-8727-2011; Normand, Philippe/A-1142-2012; Barabote, Ravi/C-1299-2017; Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013; OI Barabote, Ravi/0000-0002-0403-246X; Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731; xie, gary/0000-0002-9176-924X FU U. S. Department of Energy [CA-D*-PLS-7688-H] FX This work was supported by a Microbial Sequencing Project, U. S. Department of Energy, proposed by A. M. B., and Experiment Station Project CA-D*-PLS-7688-H ( A. M. B.). We thank Charlie Strauss and Chris Stubben at the Los Alamos National Laboratory for help with PCA and R software, respectively. NR 45 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 22 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1033 EP 1043 DI 10.1101/gr.084848.108 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 452DZ UT WOS:000266521500009 PM 19270083 ER PT J AU Visel, A Akiyama, JA Shoukry, M Afzal, V Rubin, EM Pennacchio, LA AF Visel, Axel Akiyama, Jennifer A. Shoukry, Malak Afzal, Veena Rubin, Edward M. Pennacchio, Len A. TI Functional autonomy of distant-acting human enhancers SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Enhancer; Cis-regulatory; Combinatorial; Evolution ID CONSERVED NONCODING SEQUENCES; TRANSGENIC MICE; DNA-SEQUENCES; GENE DESERTS; EXPRESSION; ELEMENTS; VERTEBRATE; RETROPOSON; PROMOTER; LOCUS AB Many human genes are associated with dispersed arrays of transcriptional enhancers that regulate their expression in time and space. Studies in invertebrate model systems have suggested that these elements could function as discrete and independent regulatory units, but the in vivo combinatorial properties of vertebrate enhancers remain poorly understood. To explore the modularity and regulatory autonomy of human developmental enhancers, we experimentally concatenated up to four enhancers from different genes and used a transgenic mouse assay to compare the in vivo activity of these compound elements with that of the single modules. In all of the six different combinations of elements tested, the reporter gene activity patterns were additive without signs of interference between the individual modules, indicating that regulatory specificity was maintained despite the presence of closely-positioned heterologous enhancers. Even in cases where two elements drove expression in close anatomical proximity, such as within neighboring subregions of the developing limb bud, the compound patterns did not show signs of cross-inhibition between individual elements or novel expression sites. These data indicate that human developmental enhancers are highly modular and functionally autonomous and suggest that genomic enhancer shuffling may have contributed to the evolution of complex gene expression patterns in vertebrates. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Visel, Axel; Akiyama, Jennifer A.; Shoukry, Malak; Afzal, Veena; Rubin, Edward M.; Pennacchio, Len A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rubin, Edward M.; Pennacchio, Len A.] US Dept Energy Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Pennacchio, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LAPennacchio@lbl.gov RI Visel, Axel/A-9398-2009 OI Visel, Axel/0000-0002-4130-7784 FU National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Human Genome Research Institute; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; University of California, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; American Heart Association FX The authors wish to thank Shyam Prabhakar, Rotem Sorek, Marcelo Nobrega, James Noonan and Nadav Ahituv for critical comments on the manuscript; Keith Lewis, Amy Holt, Ingrid Plajzer-Frick, Sengthavy Phouanenavong, and Sumita Bhardwaj for technical support. L.A.P./E.M.R. were supported by the Berkeley-PGA, under the Programs for Genomic Applications, funded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and L.A.P. by the National Human Genome Research Institute. Research was performed under Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, University of California, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A.V. was supported by an American Heart Association postdoctoral fellowship. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 EI 1089-8646 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 93 IS 6 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2009.02.002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 451FD UT WOS:000266455200002 PM 19268701 ER PT J AU Akob, DM Burkhardt, EM Sitte, J Kerkhof, L Kusel, K Watson, DB Palumbo, AV Kostka, JE AF Akob, D. M. Burkhardt, E. -M. Sitte, J. Kerkhof, L. Kuesel, K. Watson, D. B. Palumbo, A. V. Kostka, J. E. TI Identification of active microbial communities linked to bioremediation and natural attenuation of radionuclides and heavy metals in contaminated aquifers SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Akob, D. M.; Burkhardt, E. -M.; Sitte, J.; Kuesel, K.] Univ Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Kerkhof, L.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Watson, D. B.; Palumbo, A. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Akob, D. M.; Kostka, J. E.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM denise.akob@uni-jena.de RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A19 EP A19 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900051 ER PT J AU Balco, G Rood, DH Morgan, D Behr, W AF Balco, Greg Rood, Dylan H. Morgan, Daniel Behr, Whitney TI Forward models of geomorphic processes used to interpret complex cosmogenic-nuclide data sets SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Balco, Greg] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Rood, Dylan H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Morgan, Daniel] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Behr, Whitney] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM balcs@bgc.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A79 EP A79 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900171 ER PT J AU Bond, TC Winijkul, E Yan, F Streets, DG AF Bond, Tami C. Winijkul, Ekbordin Yan, Fang Streets, David G. TI What do we know about phasing out carbonaceous aerosol emissions over the next 30 years? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Yan, Fang] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yan, Fang; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yark@illinois.edu RI Yan, Fang/F-2625-2010; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013 OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A136 EP A136 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900284 ER PT J AU Borch, T Masue, Y Kukkadapu, RK Fendorf, S AF Borch, Thomas Masue, Yoko Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Fendorf, Scott TI Phosphate interactions with iron (hydr)oxides: Mineralization pathways and phosphorus retention upon bioreduction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Borch, Thomas] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Masue, Yoko; Fendorf, Scott] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kukkadapu, Ravi K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM borch@colostate.edu RI Borch, Thomas/A-2288-2008 OI Borch, Thomas/0000-0002-4251-1613 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A139 EP A139 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900291 ER PT J AU Bourg, IC Sposito, G AF Bourg, Ian C. Sposito, Garrison TI Isotopic fractionation by diffusion in liquid water and clay nanopores SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DIFFERENTIAL DIFFUSION; SULFATE REDUCTION; CARIACO BASIN; SEDIMENTS C1 [Bourg, Ian C.; Sposito, Garrison] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM ibourg@nature.berkeley.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A148 EP A148 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900309 ER PT J AU Boyanov, MI Latta, DE O'Loughlin, EJ Gorski, CA Scherer, MM Kemner, KM AF Boyanov, M. I. Latta, D. E. O'Loughlin, E. J. Gorski, C. A. Scherer, M. M. Kemner, K. M. TI Distinct uranium(IV) products result from uranyl reduction in different ferrous-ferric oxyhydroxide systems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Boyanov, M. I.; O'Loughlin, E. J.; Kemner, K. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Latta, D. E.; Gorski, C. A.; Scherer, M. M.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM mboyanov@anl.gov; michelle-scherer@uiowa.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A151 EP A151 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900315 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Ha, JH Gelabert, A Singer, DM Wang, YG Bargar, JR Eng, P Choi, Y Kendelewicz, T Sporman, AM AF Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Ha, Juyoung Gelabert, Alexandre Singer, David M. Wang, Yingge Bargar, John R. Eng, Peter Choi, Y. Kendelewicz, Tom Sporman, A. M. TI Sorption processes on small and dirty mineral particles - Do size and cleanliness matter? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.; Ha, Juyoung; Gelabert, Alexandre; Singer, David M.; Wang, Yingge; Kendelewicz, Tom; Sporman, A. M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.; Bargar, John R.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ha, Juyoung] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gelabert, Alexandre] Univ Paris 07, IMPMC, F-75015 Paris, France. [Singer, David M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eng, Peter; Choi, Y.] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM gordon.brown@stanford.edu RI gelabert, alexandre/A-5684-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A164 EP A164 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900340 ER PT J AU Bunker, BA Song, Z Kenney, J Fein, JB AF Bunker, B. A. Song, Z. Kenney, J. Fein, J. B. TI Au adsorption to Pseudomonas putida bacteria - An XAFS study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Bunker, B. A.; Song, Z.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kenney, J.; Fein, J. B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bunker, B. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Res Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zsong@nd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A174 EP A174 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900361 ER PT J AU Carmichael, GR Adhikary, B Kulkarni, S Streets, D Zhang, Q AF Carmichael, Gregory R. Adhikary, Bhupesh Kulkarni, Sarika Streets, David Zhang, Qiang TI Asian aerosols: Current and future distributions and implications to air quality and regional climate change SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Carmichael, Gregory R.; Adhikary, Bhupesh; Kulkarni, Sarika] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Streets, David; Zhang, Qiang] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu; bhupesh-adhikary@uiowa.edu; sarika-kulkarni@uiowa.edu; dstreets@anl.gov; zhang@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A193 EP A193 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900399 ER PT J AU Catalano, JG Fenter, P Park, C Zhang, Z AF Catalano, J. G. Fenter, P. Park, C. Zhang, Z. TI Interfacial water ordering and complex oxoanion adsorption on hematite and corundum surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Catalano, J. G.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Fenter, P.; Park, C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM catalano@wustl.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X; Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A199 EP A199 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900411 ER PT J AU Chan, CS Comolli, LR AF Chan, Clara S. Comolli, Luis R. TI Visualizing cell surfaces and biominerals in 3D: Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography of iron-oxidizing bacteria SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Chan, Clara S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Comolli, Luis R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cschan@udel.edu; lrcomolli@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A207 EP A207 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900427 ER PT J AU Chappaz, A Lyons, TW Fitts, JP Myneni, SCB AF Chappaz, A. Lyons, T. W. Fitts, J. P. Myneni, S. C. B. TI Exploring the relationship between molybdenum and organic matter through experimental approaches and XAS and NMR characterization SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Chappaz, A.; Lyons, T. W.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Earth Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Fitts, J. P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Myneni, S. C. B.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM achappaz@ucr.edu RI Fitts, Jeffrey/J-3633-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A209 EP A209 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900430 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Horita, J AF Chialvo, A. A. Horita, J. TI Molecular-based Simulation of Liquid-vapor equilibrium isotopic fractionation of water SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Chialvo, A. A.; Horita, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. EM chialvoaa@ornl.gov; horitaj@ornl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A218 EP A218 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900448 ER PT J AU Christensen, JN Ewing, SA Brown, ST Vancuren, RA Cliff, SS DePaolo, DJ AF Christensen, John N. Ewing, Stephanie A. Brown, Shaun T. Vancuren, Richard A. Cliff, Steven S. DePaolo, Donald J. TI A Pb (and Sr) isotopic return address for trans-Pacific transported aerosols SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Christensen, John N.; Brown, Shaun T.; DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ewing, Stephanie A.] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Vancuren, Richard A.] Calif Air Resources Board, Atmospher Proc Res Sect, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Cliff, Steven S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ewing, Stephanie A.; DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jnchristensen@lbl.gov; saewing@usgs.gov; stbrown@lbl.gov; rvancure@arb.ca.gov; sscliff@ucdavis.edu; depaolo@eps.berkeley.edu RI Christensen, John/D-1475-2015; Brown, Shaun/E-9398-2015 OI Brown, Shaun/0000-0002-2159-6718 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A223 EP A223 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900459 ER PT J AU Close, HG Shah, SR Brodie, EL Pearson, A AF Close, H. G. Shah, S. R. Brodie, E. L. Pearson, A. TI C-13-enriched bacterial lipids in the modern ocean: An analogue to the Proterozoic record SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Close, H. G.; Pearson, A.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Shah, S. R.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20001 USA. [Brodie, E. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sunishah@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; LBrodie@lbl.gov; pearson@eps.harvard.edu RI Shah Walter, Sunita/D-4981-2013 OI Shah Walter, Sunita/0000-0003-2206-9052 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A231 EP A231 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900475 ER PT J AU Cole, DR Mamontov, E Rother, G Chialvo, AA Vlcek, L Cummings, PT AF Cole, D. R. Mamontov, E. Rother, G. Chialvo, A. A. Vlcek, L. Cummings, P. T. TI Structure and dynamics of fluids in nanoporous earth and engineered materials determined from neutron scattering and MD simulations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Cole, D. R.; Mamontov, E.; Rother, G.; Chialvo, A. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vlcek, L.; Cummings, P. T.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. EM coledr@ornl.gov RI Rother, Gernot/B-7281-2008; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Rother, Gernot/0000-0003-4921-6294; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A236 EP A236 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900485 ER PT J AU Conrad, ME Brodie, EL Radtke, CW Bill, M Delwiche, ME Lee, MH Swift, DL Colwell, FS AF Conrad, Mark E. Brodie, Eoin L. Radtke, Corey W. Bill, Markus Delwiche, Mark E. Lee, M. Hope Swift, Dana L. Colwell, Frederick S. TI Isotopic evidence for TCE co-metabolism stimulated by electron donor addition to groundwater SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Conrad, Mark E.; Brodie, Eoin L.; Bill, Markus] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Radtke, Corey W.; Delwiche, Mark E.; Lee, M. Hope; Colwell, Frederick S.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Lee, M. Hope; Swift, Dana L.] N Wind Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [Radtke, Corey W.] Shell Global Solut US Inc, Westhollow Technol Ctr, Houston, TX 77082 USA. [Colwell, Frederick S.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM MSConrad@lbl.gov RI Bill, Markus/D-8478-2013 OI Bill, Markus/0000-0001-7002-2174 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A241 EP A241 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900494 ER PT J AU Criscenti, LJ Katz, LE Chen, CC Larentzos, JP AF Criscenti, L. J. Katz, L. E. Chen, C. C. Larentzos, J. P. TI Alkaline earth metal adsorption to gibbsite as a function of temperature SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Criscenti, L. J.; Larentzos, J. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Katz, L. E.; Chen, C. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ljcrisc@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A251 EP A251 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900515 ER PT J AU DePaolo, DJ AF DePaolo, Donald J. TI Theory for isotopic fractionation during mineral precipitation from aqueous solutions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM djdepaolo@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A281 EP A281 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900574 ER PT J AU Druhan, JL Conrad, ME Williams, KH Sonnenthal, EL DePaolo, DJ AF Druhan, Jennifer L. Conrad, Mark E. Williams, Kenneth H. Sonnenthal, Eric L. DePaolo, Donald J. TI Isotopic signatures for key mineralogical reactions accompanying biostimulated uranium reduction SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Conrad, Mark E.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Sonnenthal, Eric L.; DePaolo, Donald J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jennydruhan@berkeley.edu RI Druhan, Jennifer/G-2584-2011; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Sonnenthal, Eric/A-4336-2009 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A305 EP A305 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900623 ER PT J AU Elkins, LJ Sims, KWW Prytulak, J Mattielli, N Elliott, T Blichert-Toft, J Blusztajn, J Devey, C Mertz, D Kelemen, P Murrell, M Schilling, JG AF Elkins, L. J. Sims, K. W. W. Prytulak, J. Mattielli, N. Elliott, T. Blichert-Toft, J. Blusztajn, J. Devey, C. Mertz, D. Kelemen, P. Murrell, M. Schilling, J. -G. TI (U-234/U-238) and (Th-230/U-238) disequilibria in fresh and altered Kolbeinsey Ridge basalts SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Elkins, L. J.] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Sims, K. W. W.; Blusztajn, J.] WHOI, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Prytulak, J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. [Mattielli, N.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. [Elliott, T.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Blichert-Toft, J.] IENS Lyon, Lyon, France. [Devey, C.] GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Mertz, D.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Mainz, Germany. [Kelemen, P.] LDEO, Palisades, NY USA. [Murrell, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Schilling, J. -G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. EM lelkins@brynmawn.edu; ksims@whoi.edu; julie.prytulak@earth.ox.ac.uk; nmattiel@ulb.ac.be; tim.elliott@bristol.ac.uk; jblicher@ens-lyon.fr; jblusztajn@whoi.edu; cdevey@ifm-geomar.de; mertz@uni-mainz.de; peterk@ldeo.columbia.edu; mmurrell@lanl.gov; jgs@gso.uri.edu RI Kelemen, Peter/D-6813-2013; Devey, Colin/I-3898-2016 OI Kelemen, Peter/0000-0003-4757-0855; Devey, Colin/0000-0002-0930-7274 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A325 EP A325 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900662 ER PT J AU Fandeur, D Juillot, F Morin, G Webb, S Olivi, L Hazemann, JL Brown, GE Fritsch, E AF Fandeur, D. Juillot, F. Morin, G. Webb, S. Olivi, L. Hazemann, J. L. Brown, G. E. Fritsch, E. TI XANES investigation of the redox behavior of Cr in a tropical context SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Fandeur, D.; Juillot, F.; Morin, G.; Fritsch, E.] Univ P6 P7 IPGP, CNRS, IMPMC, UMR 7590, Paris, France. [Webb, S.; Brown, G. E.] SLAC, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Olivi, L.] ELETTRA, I-34012 Basovizza, Italy. [Hazemann, J. L.] Univ Grenoble 1, ESRF, FAME, Inst Neel, Grenoble, France. [Brown, G. E.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A352 EP A352 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900717 ER PT J AU Fenter, P Lee, SS Park, C Sturchio, NC Nagy, KL AF Fenter, Paul Lee, S. S. Park, C. Sturchio, N. C. Nagy, K. L. TI Imaging cation adsorption at aqueous-mineral interfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Fenter, Paul; Lee, S. S.; Park, C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sturchio, N. C.; Nagy, K. L.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earch & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM Fenter@anl.gov RI Lee, Sang Soo/B-9046-2012; Park, Changyong/A-8544-2008 OI Park, Changyong/0000-0002-3363-5788 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A364 EP A364 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900741 ER PT J AU Finkel, R Schaefer, JM Barrell, D Brown, TA Denton, G Kaplan, M Putnam, A Rood, D Schluchter, C Schwartz, R AF Finkel, R. Schaefer, J. M. Barrell, D. Brown, T. A. Denton, G. Kaplan, M. Putnam, A. Rood, D. Schluechter, C. Schwartz, R. TI Surface exposure dating in the Holocene - Precise Be-10 technique for very young surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Finkel, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Finkel, R.] CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence 4, France. [Schaefer, J. M.; Kaplan, M.; Schwartz, R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Barrell, D.] GNS Sci, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. [Brown, T. A.; Rood, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CAMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Denton, G.; Putnam, A.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Schluechter, C.] Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM rfinkel@berkeley.edu; schaefer@ldeo.columbia.edu; d.barrell@gns.cri.nz; tabrown@llnl.gov; gdenton@maine.edu; schluech@geo.unibe.ch NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A377 EP A377 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900767 ER PT J AU Fletcher, KE Sharp, WD Behr, WM Le, KN Rood, DH Finkel, RC Hanks, TC Kendrick, KJ Oskin, ME Rockwell, TK AF Fletcher, K. E. Sharp, W. D. Behr, W. M. Le, K. N. Rood, D. H. Finkel, R. C. Hanks, T. C. Kendrick, K. J. Oskin, M. E. Rockwell, T. K. TI Dating Quaternary alluvial fans via U-series on pedogenic carbonate and Be-10 surface exposure ages SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Fletcher, K. E.] UC Berkeley, Dept Earth Planet Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fletcher, K. E.; Sharp, W. D.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. [Behr, W. M.] U So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Le, K. N.; Oskin, M. E.] UC Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rood, D. H.; Finkel, R. C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hanks, T. C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kendrick, K. J.] US Geol Survey, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Rockwell, T. K.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM fletcher@eps.berkeley.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A383 EP A383 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229900779 ER PT J AU Forte, AM Moucha, R Simmons, NA Grand, SP AF Forte, A. M. Moucha, R. Simmons, N. A. Grand, S. P. TI Joint seismic-geodynamic-mineral physical constraints on heat flux across the CMB SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Forte, A. M.; Moucha, R.] Univ Quebec, Geotop, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Simmons, N. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Grand, S. P.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM forte60@gmail.com; simmons27@llnl.gov; steveg@geo.utexas.edu RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A390 EP A390 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901012 ER PT J AU Grolimund, D Gunther, D Borca, CN Van Loon, L Stampanoni, M Marone, F Barmettler, K Aeschlimann, B Wersin, P Heald, SM AF Grolimund, D. Guenther, D. Borca, C. N. Van Loon, L. Stampanoni, M. Marone, F. Barmettler, K. Aeschlimann, B. Wersin, P. Heald, S. M. TI Contaminant transport in complex heterogeneous geological media: New insights through micro-imaging and micro-spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Grolimund, D.; Borca, C. N.; Van Loon, L.; Stampanoni, M.; Marone, F.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Guenther, D.; Stampanoni, M.; Barmettler, K.; Aeschlimann, B.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Wersin, P.] Gruner AG, Basel, Switzerland. [Heald, S. M.] PNC CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL USA. EM daniel.grolimund@psi.ch RI Van Loon, Luc/B-1708-2012; Marone, Federica/J-4420-2013; Stampanoni, Marco/J-4099-2013 OI Stampanoni, Marco/0000-0001-7486-6681 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A468 EP A468 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901168 ER PT J AU Haghighipour, N Hinse, T Steffen, J Agol, E AF Haghighipour, N. Hinse, T. Steffen, J. Agol, E. TI Implications of dynamical stability for the detection of Super-Earths via transit timing variation method SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Haghighipour, N.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Haghighipour, N.] Univ Hawaii, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hinse, T.] Armagh Observ, Armagh BT61 9DG, North Ireland. [Steffen, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Agol, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys & Astron, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM nader@ifa.hawaii.edu RI Agol, Eric/B-8775-2013 OI Agol, Eric/0000-0002-0802-9145 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A486 EP A486 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901203 ER PT J AU Harley, RA Ban-Weiss, GA Kirchsetter, TW Lunden, MM Strawa, AW AF Harley, Robert A. Ban-Weiss, George A. Kirchsetter, Thomas W. Lunden, Melissa M. Strawa, Anthony W. TI Particulate matter optical properties and emission trends for gasoline and diesel vehicles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Harley, Robert A.; Ban-Weiss, George A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kirchsetter, Thomas W.; Lunden, Melissa M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strawa, Anthony W.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM harley@ce.berkeley.edu; georgebw@me.berkeley.edu; twkirchstetter@lbl.gov; mmlunden@lbl.gov; anthony.w.strawa@nasa.gov RI Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A494 EP A494 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901220 ER PT J AU Hickmott, DD Xu, H Zhao, Y Luo, J Lokshin, K Mao, W AF Hickmott, D. D. Xu, H. Zhao, Y. Luo, J. Lokshin, K. Mao, W. TI Applications of neutron diffraction studies at LANSCE to environmental and energy problems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Hickmott, D. D.; Xu, H.; Zhao, Y.; Luo, J.; Lokshin, K.] LANL, EES LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mao, W.] Stanford U, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dhickmott@lanl.gov; hxu@lanl.gov; yzhao@lanl.gov; jhluo@lanl.gov; lokshin@utk.edu; wmao@stanford.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Luo, Junhua/G-8928-2011 OI Luo, Junhua/0000-0002-3179-7652 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A529 EP A529 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901289 ER PT J AU Hodzic, A Jimenez, JL Madronich, S Aiken, AC Bessagnet, B Curci, G Fast, J Onasch, TB Roux, G Ulbrich, IM AF Hodzic, Alma Jimenez, J. L. Madronich, S. Aiken, A. C. Bessagnet, B. Curci, G. Fast, J. Onasch, T. B. Roux, G. Ulbrich, I. M. TI Modeling organic aerosols during MILAGRO: importance of biogenic secondary organic aerosols SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Hodzic, Alma; Madronich, S.; Roux, G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Aiken, A. C.; Ulbrich, I. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bessagnet, B.] INERIS, Verneuil En Halatte, France. [Curci, G.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Curci, Gabriele/A-2020-2011; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; Curci, Gabriele/0000-0001-9871-5570; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A537 EP A537 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901310 ER PT J AU Horita, J Polyakov, VB Chialvo, AA AF Horita, J. Polyakov, V. B. Chialvo, A. A. TI Isotope fractionation of fluids under geologic conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND ID WATER C1 [Horita, J.; Chialvo, A. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM horitaj@ornl.gov; polyakov@iem.ac.ru; chialvoaa@ornl.gov RI Polyakov, Veniamin/N-9747-2015 OI Polyakov, Veniamin/0000-0002-6718-580X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A550 EP A550 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901336 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, B Matzel, J Hutcheon, ID Ramon, E Krot, AN Ishii, HA Nagashima, K Yin, QZ AF Jacobsen, B. Matzel, J. Hutcheon, I. D. Ramon, E. Krot, A. N. Ishii, H. A. Nagashima, K. Yin, Q. -Z. TI NanoSIMS investigation of Cl-36-S-36 systematics in the early Solar System SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Jacobsen, B.; Yin, Q. -Z.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Matzel, J.; Hutcheon, I. D.; Ramon, E.; Ishii, H. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Krot, A. N.; Nagashima, K.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jacobsen@geology.ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A580 EP A580 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901391 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, SB Remo, JL Petaev, MI Sasselov, DD AF Jacobsen, S. B. Remo, J. L. Petaev, M. I. Sasselov, D. D. TI The first law of cosmochemistry SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Jacobsen, S. B.; Remo, J. L.; Petaev, M. I.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Remo, J. L.; Sasselov, D. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Astron, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Remo, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87195 USA. RI Jacobsen, Stein/B-1759-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A581 EP A581 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901393 ER PT J AU Johnson, BE Santschi, PH Schwantes, JM Douglas, M Addleman, RS AF Johnson, B. E. Santschi, P. H. Schwantes, J. M. Douglas, M. Addleman, R. S. TI Chemosorbents for natural and artificial radionuclides detection by in situ gamma counting in natural waters SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Johnson, B. E.; Santschi, P. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Schwantes, J. M.; Douglas, M.; Addleman, R. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM johnsonb@tamug.edu; santschi@tamug.edu; jon.schwantes@pnl.gov; matthew.douglas@pnl.gov; Raymond.Addleman@pnl.gov RI Schwantes, Jon/A-7318-2009; Santschi, Peter/D-5712-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A600 EP A600 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901431 ER PT J AU Junier, P Frutschi, M Wigginton, NS Dalla Vecchia, E Sharp, JO Suvorova, E Schofield, E Bargar, JR Bernier-Latmani, R AF Junier, Pilar Frutschi, Manon Wigginton, Nicholas S. Dalla Vecchia, Elena Sharp, Jonathan O. Suvorova, Elena Schofield, Eleanor Bargar, John R. Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan TI U(VI) reduction by Desulfotomaculum reducens MI-1 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Junier, Pilar; Frutschi, Manon; Wigginton, Nicholas S.; Dalla Vecchia, Elena; Sharp, Jonathan O.; Suvorova, Elena; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Microbiol Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schofield, Eleanor; Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA USA. EM rizlan.bernier-latmani@epfl.ch RI Wigginton, Nicholas/F-1747-2011; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/E-4398-2011; Suvorova, Elena/I-5582-2013 OI Wigginton, Nicholas/0000-0001-9161-6131; Bernier-Latmani, Rizlan/0000-0001-6547-722X; NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A610 EP A610 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901451 ER PT J AU Kelly, L Herrera, A Olsson-Francis, K Andersen, G Piceno, Y Cockell, CS AF Kelly, Laura Herrera, Aude Olsson-Francis, Karen Andersen, Gary Piceno, Yvette Cockell, Charles S. TI A geobiological comparison of high- and low-Silica containing weathered volcanic glass SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Kelly, Laura; Herrera, Aude; Olsson-Francis, Karen; Cockell, Charles S.] Open Univ, PSSRI, Geomicrobiol Res Grp, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Andersen, Gary; Piceno, Yvette] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM laura.kelly@open.ac.uk RI Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A637 EP A637 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901506 ER PT J AU Kendelewicz, T Kaya, S Newberg, J Bluhm, H Nilsson, A Brown, GE Pentcheva, R Moritz, W AF Kendelewicz, T. Kaya, S. Newberg, J. Bluhm, H. Nilsson, A. Brown, G. E., Jr. Pentcheva, R. Moritz, W. TI Photoemission study of the reaction of Fe3O4(100) with water at near ambient conditions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Kendelewicz, T.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol Environ Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kaya, S.; Nilsson, A.; Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Nat Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Newberg, J.; Bluhm, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pentcheva, R.; Moritz, W.] Univ Munich, Dept Earth EnvSci, D-80539 Munich, Germany. EM kendelewicz@stanford.edu RI Kaya, Sarp/C-4001-2008; Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011; Pentcheva, Rossitza/F-8293-2014 OI Kaya, Sarp/0000-0002-2591-5843; Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A638 EP A638 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901508 ER PT J AU Kerisit, S Rosso, KM AF Kerisit, Sebastien Rosso, Kevin M. TI Oxidative adsorption of iron(II) at the hematite-water interface SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Kerisit, Sebastien; Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sebastien.kerisit@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A642 EP A642 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901516 ER PT J AU Kharaka, YK Cole, DR Thordsen, JJ Kakouros, E Bullen, TD AF Kharaka, Y. K. Cole, D. R. Thordsen, J. J. Kakouros, E. Bullen, T. D. TI Formation fluids-CO2-sediment interactions: Minimizing environmental impacts of CO2 storage SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Kharaka, Y. K.; Thordsen, J. J.; Kakouros, E.; Bullen, T. D.] USGS, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Cole, D. R.] ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM ykharaka@usgs.gov; coledr@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A646 EP A646 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901523 ER PT J AU Kimball, BE Dohnalkova, AC Kemner, KM Lai, B Macalady, JL Brantley, SL AF Kimball, B. E. Dohnalkova, A. C. Kemner, K. M. Lai, B. Macalady, J. L. Brantley, S. L. TI Using TEM and mu-XRF to characterize bacterially-mediated precipitation of dissolved Copper SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Kimball, B. E.; Macalady, J. L.; Brantley, S. L.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dohnalkova, A. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kemner, K. M.; Lai, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bkimball@geosc.psu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A656 EP A656 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901544 ER PT J AU Kostka, JE Green, S Overholt, W Wu, WM Criddle, C Watson, DB Jardine, P AF Kostka, J. E. Green, S. Overholt, W. Wu, W. -M. Criddle, C. Watson, D. B. Jardine, P. TI Subsurface microbial community structure correlates with uranium redox phases during in situ field manipulation in a contaminated aquifer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Kostka, J. E.; Green, S.; Overholt, W.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Wu, W. -M.; Criddle, C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Watson, D. B.; Jardine, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM jkostka@ocean.fsu.edu RI Green, Stefan/C-8980-2011; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A688 EP A688 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901608 ER PT J AU Kumar, N Neogi, S Sofo, JO Kent, PR Bandura, AV Kubicki, JD AF Kumar, N. Neogi, S. Sofo, J. O. Kent, P. R. Bandura, A. V. Kubicki, J. D. TI Hydrogen bonds and vibrations of water on (110) rutile SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Sofo, J. O.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kent, P. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CNMS, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Kubicki, J. D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jdk7@psu.edu RI Kent, Paul/A-6756-2008; Sofo, Jorge/J-4415-2012; Sofo, Jorge/B-4344-2014; Kumar, Nitin/M-5778-2014; Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kent, Paul/0000-0001-5539-4017; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Kumar, Nitin/0000-0002-1064-1659; Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A705 EP A705 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901641 ER PT J AU Labotka, T DeAngelis, M Cole, D AF Labotka, T. DeAngelis, M. Cole, D. TI Experimental study of the breakdown of dolomite: Effects of grain size and aggregation on rate SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Labotka, T.; DeAngelis, M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cole, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tlabotka@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A713 EP A713 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901657 ER PT J AU Lee, YN Springston, S Jayne, J Wang, J Hubbe, J Senum, G Brioude, J Alexander, L Kleinman, L Daum, P AF Lee, Y. -N. Springston, S. Jayne, J. Wang, J. Hubbe, J. Senum, G. Brioude, J. Alexander, L. Kleinman, L. Daum, P. TI Aerosol chemical composition and source characterization during 2008 VOCALS REX SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Lee, Y. -N.; Springston, S.; Wang, J.; Senum, G.; Kleinman, L.; Daum, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Hubbe, J.; Alexander, L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ynlee@bnl.gov RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A738 EP A738 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901708 ER PT J AU Manceau, A Lanson, B Marcus, MA Skanthakumar, S Soderholm, L AF Manceau, A. Lanson, B. Marcus, M. A. Skanthakumar, S. Soderholm, L. TI X-ray views of the defect structure and chemistry of environmental nanoparticles SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Manceau, A.; Lanson, B.] Univ Grenoble 1, LGCA, Grenoble, France. [Manceau, A.; Lanson, B.] CNRS, Grenoble, France. [Marcus, M. A.] LBNL, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Skanthakumar, S.; Soderholm, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, CSE, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A824 EP A824 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902108 ER PT J AU Marcus, MA Fakra, SC Toner, BM Horn, G Edwards, KJ AF Marcus, M. A. Fakra, S. C. Toner, B. M. Horn, G. Edwards, K. J. TI Trace element partitioning and redox states in a ferromanganese nodule from the SW Pacific SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Marcus, M. A.; Fakra, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Toner, B. M.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Horn, G.; Edwards, K. J.] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM mamarcus@lbl.gov; brandy.toner@gmail.com; ghorn@usc.edu; kje@usc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A833 EP A833 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902125 ER PT J AU Meakin, P Rosso, KM AF Meakin, Paul Rosso, Kevin M. TI The growth of pyramids and pits on hematite mediated by redox chemistry and bulk electron transport SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Meakin, Paul] Univ Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Meakin, Paul] Inst Energy Technol, Multiphase Flow Assurance Innovat Ctr, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. [Rosso, Kevin M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A861 EP A861 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902182 ER PT J AU Menon, S Koch, D Beig, G Orlikowski, D AF Menon, S. Koch, D. Beig, G. Orlikowski, D. TI Aerosol influence on decadal changes in precipitation and snow cover over Asia SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Koch, D.] Columbia Univ, NASA GISS, New York, NY USA. [Beig, G.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Orlikowski, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM smenon@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A870 EP A870 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902199 ER PT J AU Merchel, S Bremser, W Alfimov, V Arnold, M Aumaitre, G Benedetti, L Bourles, DL Braucher, R Caffee, M Christl, M Fifield, LK Finkel, RC Freeman, SPHT Ruiz-Gomez, A Kubik, PW Rood, DH Sasa, K Steier, P Tims, SG Wallner, A Wilcken, KM Xu, S AF Merchel, S. Bremser, W. Alfimov, V. Arnold, M. Aumaitre, G. Benedetti, L. Bourles, D. L. Braucher, R. Caffee, M. Christl, M. Fifield, L. K. Finkel, R. C. Freeman, S. P. H. T. Ruiz-Gomez, A. Kubik, P. W. Rood, D. H. Sasa, K. Steier, P. Tims, S. G. Wallner, A. Wilcken, K. M. Xu, S. TI Be-10 and Cl-36 interlaboratory comparisons: Implications for terrestrial production rates? SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Merchel, S.; Arnold, M.; Aumaitre, G.; Benedetti, L.; Bourles, D. L.; Braucher, R.; Finkel, R. C.] CEREGE, F-13545 Aix En Provence, France. [Merchel, S.] FZD, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. [Bremser, W.] BAM, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Alfimov, V.; Christl, M.; Kubik, P. W.] ETH, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Caffee, M.] Purdue Univ, PRIME Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Finkel, R. C.; Rood, D. H.] LLNL, CAMS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Freeman, S. P. H. T.; Wilcken, K. M.; Xu, S.] SUERC, E Kilbride G75 0QF, Lanark, Scotland. [Ruiz-Gomez, A.] Univ Seville, CNA, Seville 41092, Spain. [Sasa, K.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Steier, P.; Wallner, A.] U Wien, Fac Phys, VERA, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM s.merchel@fzd.de RI Wallner, Anton/G-1480-2011; Tims, Stephen/P-6505-2015; Christl, Marcus/J-4769-2016 OI Wallner, Anton/0000-0003-2804-3670; Tims, Stephen/0000-0001-6014-0126; Christl, Marcus/0000-0002-3131-6652 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A871 EP A871 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902202 ER PT J AU Meskhidze, N Xu, J Zhang, Y Gantt, B Ghan, S Nenes, A Liu, X Easter, R Zaveri, R AF Meskhidze, N. Xu, J. Zhang, Y. Gantt, B. Ghan, S. Nenes, A. Liu, X. Easter, R. Zaveri, R. TI Effect of marine biogenic organic aerosols on cloud properties: Modeling study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Meskhidze, N.; Xu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Gantt, B.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Ghan, S.; Liu, X.; Easter, R.; Zaveri, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A874 EP A874 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902208 ER PT J AU Miot, J Benzerara, K Morin, G Kappler, A Obst, M Brown, GE Guyot, F AF Miot, J. Benzerara, K. Morin, G. Kappler, A. Obst, M. Brown, G. E., Jr. Guyot, F. TI Iron biomineralization by neutrophilic nitrate-reducing iron-oxidizing bacteria SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Miot, J.; Benzerara, K.; Morin, G.; Guyot, F.] IMPMC, IPGP, Paris, France. [Kappler, A.] Univ Tubingen, ZAG, Geomicrobiol Ctr Appl Geosci, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. [Obst, M.] BIMR McMaster Univ, Hamilton & Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Brown, G. E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, SSRL, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Menlo Pk, CA USA. EM miot@impmc.jussieu.fr RI Kappler, Andreas/G-7221-2016 NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A884 EP A884 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902228 ER PT J AU Moridis, GJ Reagan, MT AF Moridis, George J. Reagan, Matthew T. TI Interrelationship of dissociating oceanic hydrates and global climate: Methane hydrate response to rising water temperatures SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Moridis, George J.; Reagan, Matthew T.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GJMoridis@lbl.gov; MTReagan@lbl.gov RI Reagan, Matthew/D-1129-2015 OI Reagan, Matthew/0000-0001-6225-4928 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A905 EP A905 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902270 ER PT J AU Mueller, RS Denef, VJ Kalnejais, LH Wilmes, P Thomas, BC Shah, MB Hettich, RL VerBerkmoes, NC Banfield, JF AF Mueller, Ryan S. Denef, Vincent J. Kalnejais, Linda H. Wilmes, Paul Thomas, Brian C. Shah, Manesh B. Hettich, Robert L. VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Influence of geochemistry and biology on community protein expression within a chemoautotropic biofilm SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Mueller, Ryan S.; Denef, Vincent J.; Kalnejais, Linda H.; Wilmes, Paul; Thomas, Brian C.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shah, Manesh B.; Hettich, Robert L.; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rmueller@berkeley.edu; jbanfield@berkeley.edu RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A912 EP A912 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902283 ER PT J AU Nittler, LR Alexander, CMO Cody, GD De Gregor, BT Kilcoyne, ALD Stroud, RM Zega, TJ AF Nittler, L. R. Alexander, C. M. O'D. Cody, G. D. De Gregor, B. T. Kilcoyne, A. L. D. Stroud, R. M. Zega, T. J. TI Correlated Microanalysis of Extraterrestrial Carbonaceous Nanoglobules SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND ID METEORITE C1 [Nittler, L. R.; Alexander, C. M. O'D.; Cody, G. D.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [De Gregor, B. T.; Stroud, R. M.; Zega, T. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kilcoyne, A. L. D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lnittler@ciw.edu RI Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A948 EP A948 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902355 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, EJ Gorsky, CA Latta, DE Boyanovi, MI Cook, RE Scherer, MM Kemner, KM AF O'Loughlin, E. J. Gorsky, C. A. Latta, D. E. Boyanovi, M. I. Cook, R. E. Scherer, M. M. Kemner, K. M. TI Effects of oxyanions, natural organic matter, and Fe(III) oxide mineralogy on the formation of Fe(II)-bearing secondary mineralization products resulting from the bioreduction of Fe(III) oxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [O'Loughlin, E. J.; Boyanovi, M. I.; Cook, R. E.; Kemner, K. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gorsky, C. A.; Latta, D. E.; Scherer, M. M.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM oloughlin@anl.gov; cgorski@engineering.uiowa.edu; dlatta@engineering.uiowa.edu; mboyanov@anl.gov; recook@anl.gov; michelle-scherer@uiowa.edu; kemner@anl.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A959 EP A959 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902378 ER PT J AU Peretyazhko, T Zachara, JM Kennedy, DW Fredrickson, JK Arey, BW Wang, C Dohnalkova, AC Xia, Y AF Peretyazhko, T. Zachara, J. M. Kennedy, D. W. Fredrickson, J. K. Arey, B. W. Wang, C. Dohnalkova, A. C. Xia, Y. TI Microbial reduction of intragrain ferrihydrite in porous glass beads by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Peretyazhko, T.; Zachara, J. M.; Kennedy, D. W.; Fredrickson, J. K.; Arey, B. W.; Wang, C.; Dohnalkova, A. C.; Xia, Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM tetyana.peretyazhko@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1014 EP A1014 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902487 ER PT J AU Reith, F Etschmann, B Brewe, DL Vogt, S Brugger, J AF Reith, F. Etschmann, B. Brewe, D. L. Vogt, S. Brugger, J. TI The distribution of gold in biogenic and abiogenic carbonates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND ID CALCRETE C1 [Reith, F.; Etschmann, B.; Brugger, J.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Brewe, D. L.; Vogt, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Frank.Reith@csiro.au RI Reith, Frank/E-5542-2011; Brugger, Joel/C-7113-2008 OI Brugger, Joel/0000-0003-1510-5764 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1087 EP A1087 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902632 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Hiemstra, T Machesky, ML Wesolowski, DJ van Riemsdijk, WH AF Ridley, M. K. Hiemstra, T. Machesky, M. L. Wesolowski, D. J. van Riemsdijk, W. H. TI Surface speciation of yttrium at the rutile-water interface: Incorporation of structural information and charge distribution within the MUSIC model SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Ridley, M. K.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Hiemstra, T.; van Riemsdijk, W. H.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Soil Qual, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Machesky, M. L.] Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Wesolowski, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM moira.ridley@ttu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1101 EP A1101 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902659 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Santiago, V Fedkin, MV Vidojkovic, S Wesolowski, DJ Lvov, SN AF Rodriguez-Santiago, V. Fedkin, M. V. Vidojkovic, S. Wesolowski, D. J. Lvov, S. N. TI Nanoelectrophoresis studies of magnetite and silica in hydrothermal environments SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND ID MICROELECTROPHORESIS; INTERFACE C1 [Rodriguez-Santiago, V.; Fedkin, M. V.; Vidojkovic, S.; Lvov, S. N.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wesolowski, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM lvov@psu.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1111 EP A1111 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229902680 ER PT J AU Schwehr, KA Santschi, PH Kaplan, DI AF Schwehr, K. A. Santschi, P. H. Kaplan, D. I. TI Organo-iodine formation in aquifer sediments at ambient concentrations SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Schwehr, K. A.; Santschi, P. H.] Texas A&M Univ, Lab Environm & Oceanog Res, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Kaplan, D. I.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. EM schwehrk@tamug.edu; santschi@tamug.edu; daniel.kaplan@srnl.doe.gov RI Santschi, Peter/D-5712-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1187 EP A1187 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903062 ER PT J AU Singer, SW Erickson, B VerBerkmoes, NC Hwang, M Chan, CS Jeans, C Banfield, JF Hettich, RL Thelen, MP AF Singer, Steven W. Erickson, Brian VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Hwang, Mona Chan, Clara S. Jeans, Christopher Banfield, Jillian F. Hettich, Robert L. Thelen, Michael P. TI The biochemistry of unusual cytochromes isolated from acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing biofilms SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Singer, Steven W.; Hwang, Mona; Jeans, Christopher; Thelen, Michael P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Erickson, Brian; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.; Hettich, Robert L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chan, Clara S.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM singer2@llnl.gov RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A1229 EP A1229 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903145 ER PT J AU Song, Z Kenney, J Fein, JB Bunker, BA AF Song, Z. Kenney, J. Fein, J. B. Bunker, B. A. TI XAFS study of gold adsorption to Bacillus subtilis bacterial cells SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Song, Z.; Bunker, B. A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Kenney, J.; Fein, J. B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bunker, B. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Res Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zsong@nd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1252 EP A1252 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903192 ER PT J AU Steefel, CI Williams, KH Yang, L Li, L AF Steefel, Carl I. Williams, Kenneth H. Yang, Li Li, Li TI Thermodynamic controls on the bioreduction of U, V, and Fe SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Steefel, Carl I.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Yang, Li; Li, Li] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM CISteefel@lbl.gov; KHWilliams@lbl.gov; LYang@lbl.gov; LiLi@lbl.gov RI Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; YANG, LI/F-9392-2010 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1265 EP A1265 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903218 ER PT J AU Stone, J Fifield, LK Finkel, R Rood, D Balco, G Shuster, DL AF Stone, J. Fifield, L. K. Finkel, R. Rood, D. Balco, G. Shuster, D. L. TI Cosmogenic nuclide production rates from ancient Antarctic surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Stone, J.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Fifield, L. K.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Finkel, R.; Rood, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Balco, G.; Shuster, D. L.] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. EM stone@geology.washington.edu RI Shuster, David/A-4838-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1280 EP A1280 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903247 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Yokochi, R Lu, ZT Purtschert, R Bailey, K Cheng, C Davis, AM Ding, Y Dunford, RW Hu, SM Jiang, W Mueller, P O'Connor, TP Williams, W Young, L AF Sturchio, N. C. Yokochi, R. Lu, Z. -T. Purtschert, R. Bailey, K. Cheng, C. Davis, A. M. Ding, Y. Dunford, R. W. Hu, S. -M. Jiang, W. Mueller, P. O'Connor, T. P. Williams, W. Young, L. TI Noble gas radionuclides and ATTA in hydrology: State of the art SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Sturchio, N. C.; Yokochi, R.; Bailey, K.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Lu, Z. -T.; Ding, Y.; Dunford, R. W.; Mueller, P.; O'Connor, T. P.; Williams, W.; Young, L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lu, Z. -T.; Davis, A. M.; Ding, Y.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Purtschert, R.] Univ Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Cheng, C.; Hu, S. -M.; Jiang, W.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China. EM sturchio@uic.edu RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Purtschert, Roland/N-7108-2016 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Purtschert, Roland/0000-0002-4734-7664 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1286 EP A1286 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903260 ER PT J AU Templeton, AS Trainor, TP Arey, B Dohnalkova, A Staudigel, H Tebo, BM AF Templeton, A. S. Trainor, T. P. Arey, B. Dohnalkova, A. Staudigel, H. Tebo, B. M. TI Microbial Fe cycling at basalt-biofilm interfaces on the seafloor SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Templeton, A. S.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trainor, T. P.] Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Arey, B.; Dohnalkova, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Staudigel, H.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. EM alexis.templeton@colorado.edu; fftpt@uaf.edu; arey@pnl.gov; hstaudig@ucsd.edu; btebo@ebs.ogi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1320 EP A1320 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903328 ER PT J AU Turchyn, AV Alt, JC Brown, ST DePaolo, DJ Coggon, RM Chi, G Skulski, T Bedard, JH AF Turchyn, A. V. Alt, J. C. Brown, S. T. DePaolo, D. J. Coggon, R. M. Chi, G. Skulski, T. Bedard, J. H. TI Reconstructing hydrothermal vent chemistry through analysis of vein minerals SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Turchyn, A. V.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Alt, J. C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geo Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Brown, S. T.; DePaolo, D. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brown, S. T.; DePaolo, D. J.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Coggon, R. M.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Chi, G.] Univ Regina, Dept Geol, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Skulski, T.] Geol Survey Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Bedard, J. H.] Geol Survey Canada, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. EM avt25@cam.ac.uk RI Brown, Shaun/E-9398-2015 OI Brown, Shaun/0000-0002-2159-6718 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1353 EP A1353 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903394 ER PT J AU Ustunomiya, S Kersting, AB Ewing, RC AF Ustunomiya, S. Kersting, A. B. Ewing, R. C. TI Groundwater nanoparticles in the far-field at the Nevada Test Site SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Ustunomiya, S.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Chem, Higashi Ku, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Kersting, A. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ewing, R. C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM utu@chem.rc.kyushu-u.ac.jp NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1362 EP A1362 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903412 ER PT J AU van Groos, PGK Esser, BK Williams, R Hunt, JR AF van Groos, Paul G. Koster Esser, Bradley K. Williams, Ross Hunt, James R. TI Mercury isotope fractionation due to permeation of a PVC polymer SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [van Groos, Paul G. Koster; Hunt, James R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Esser, Bradley K.; Williams, Ross] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Phys Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. EM pkostervangroos@berkeley.edu RI Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298 NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A687 EP A687 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229901605 ER PT J AU Wang, J Lee, YN Daum, PH Jayne, J Alexander, LM AF Wang, J. Lee, Y-N Daum, P. H. Jayne, J. Alexander, L. M. TI The effects of organics properties on aerosol indirect effects SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Wang, J.; Lee, Y-N; Daum, P. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Alexander, L. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jian@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1411 EP A1411 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903509 ER PT J AU Wang, ZM Liu, CX Zachara, JM Zhu, KK Li, J Liu, J AF Wang, Zheming Liu, Chongxuan Zachara, John M. Zhu, Kake Li, Juan Liu, Jun TI An in situ laser fluorescence column profiler for monitoring nanoporous particle transport in porous media SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Wang, Zheming; Liu, Chongxuan; Zachara, John M.; Zhu, Kake; Li, Juan; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1417 EP A1417 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903522 ER PT J AU Wasylenki, LE Weeks, CL Spiro, TG Bargar, JR Anbar, AD AF Wasylenki, L. E. Weeks, C. L. Spiro, T. G. Bargar, J. R. Anbar, A. D. TI How Mo isotopes fractionate during adsorption to Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND ID MANGANESE OXIDES C1 [Wasylenki, L. E.; Anbar, A. D.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Weeks, C. L.; Spiro, T. G.; Anbar, A. D.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bargar, J. R.; Anbar, A. D.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Anbar, A. D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1419 EP A1419 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903526 ER PT J AU Watkins, J DePaolo, DJ Huber, C Ryerson, FJ AF Watkins, J. DePaolo, D. J. Huber, C. Ryerson, F. J. TI Isotope fractionation by diffusion of multi-atom chemical species in silicate liquids SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Watkins, J.; DePaolo, D. J.; Huber, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ryerson, F. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jwatkins@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1422 EP A1422 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903531 ER PT J AU Waychunas, G AF Waychunas, Glenn TI Challenges to mineral-water interface models: Nanoparticles, molecularity, and ordered water SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Waychunas, Glenn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gawaychunas@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1423 EP A1423 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903534 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, DJ Bandura, AV Cummings, PT Fenter, PA Kubicki, JD Lvov, SN Machesky, ML Mamontov, E Predota, M Ridley, MK Rosenqvist, J Sofo, JO Vlcek, L Zhang, Z AF Wesolowski, D. J. Bandura, A. V. Cummings, P. T. Fenter, P. A. Kubicki, J. D. Lvov, S. N. Machesky, M. L. Mamontov, E. Predota, M. Ridley, M. K. Rosenqvist, J. Sofo, J. O. Vlcek, L. Zhang, Z. TI Atomistic origins of mineral-water interfacial phenomena and their relation to surface complexation models SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Wesolowski, D. J.; Mamontov, E.; Rosenqvist, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bandura, A. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Cummings, P. T.; Vlcek, L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Fenter, P. A.; Zhang, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kubicki, J. D.; Lvov, S. N.; Sofo, J. O.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Machesky, M. L.] Univ Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Predota, M.] Univ S Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. [Ridley, M. K.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM wesolowskid@ornl.gov RI Predota, Milan/A-2256-2009; Sofo, Jorge/J-4415-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; Vlcek, Lukas/N-7090-2013; Sofo, Jorge/B-4344-2014; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Predota, Milan/0000-0003-3902-0992; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Vlcek, Lukas/0000-0003-4782-7702; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1429 EP A1429 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903546 ER PT J AU Wiatrowski, HA Das, S Kukkadapu, R Ilton, E Barkay, T Yee, N AF Wiatrowski, Heather A. Das, Soumya Kukkadapu, Ravi Ilton, Eugene Barkay, Tamar Yee, Nathan TI Reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) by magnetite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Wiatrowski, Heather A.; Das, Soumya; Barkay, Tamar; Yee, Nathan] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Kukkadapu, Ravi; Ilton, Eugene] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wiatrowski, Heather A.] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. EM hwiatrowski@clarku.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1436 EP A1436 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903560 ER PT J AU Widom, E Watanabe, S Snyder, DC Rowland-Smith, A AF Widom, Elisabeth Watanabe, Shizuko Snyder, Darin C. Rowland-Smith, Andrea TI Deciphering processes and timescales of silicic magma evolution: U-series disequilibria studies of Fogo and Furnas volcanoes, Sao Miguel, Azores SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Widom, Elisabeth; Watanabe, Shizuko; Snyder, Darin C.; Rowland-Smith, Andrea] Miami Univ, Dept Geol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Snyder, Darin C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Rowland-Smith, Andrea] Schlumberger Technol Corp, Sugar Land, TX 77478 USA. EM widome@muohio.edu; watanas@muohio.edu; Darin.Snyder@inl.gov; ARowlandsm@aot.com RI Snyder, Darin/B-6863-2017 OI Snyder, Darin/0000-0001-8104-4248 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1437 EP A1437 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903561 ER PT J AU Yin, QZ Yamashita, K Yamakawa, A Jacobsen, B Ebel, D Hutcheon, ID Nakamura, E AF Yin, Qing-Zhu Yamashita, K. Yamakawa, A. Jacobsen, B. Ebel, D. Hutcheon, I. D. Nakamura, E. TI Mn-53-Cr-53 evidence for Allende chondrule formation at 4567.6 Ma SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Yin, Qing-Zhu; Jacobsen, B.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yamashita, K.; Yamakawa, A.; Nakamura, E.] Okayama Univ Misasa, PML, Inst Study Earths Interior, Tottori 6820193, Japan. [Ebel, D.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Dept Earth Planet Sci, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Hutcheon, I. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, GT Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM qyin@ucdavis.edu NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A1484 EP A1484 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903656 ER PT J AU Zachara, JM Peretyazhko, T Liu, C Resch, CT Heald, S Kukkadapu, R AF Zachara, J. M. Peretyazhko, T. Liu, C. Resch, C. T. Heald, S. Kukkadapu, R. TI Nature and reactivity of ferrous iron forms through a subsurface redox transition zone probed by contact with the pertechnetate anion SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Zachara, J. M.; Peretyazhko, T.; Liu, C.; Resch, C. T.; Kukkadapu, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Heald, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM john.zachara@pnl.gov; heald@aps.anl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 BP A1494 EP A1494 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903676 ER PT J AU Zhang, SC Wang, RL Wang, XM Zhang, BM AF Zhang, S. C. Wang, R. L. Wang, X. M. Zhang, B. M. TI Cambrian and Ordovician Oceanic Oscillations: New geochemical evidence from the Tarim Basin SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Zhang, S. C.; Wang, X. M.; Zhang, B. M.] PetroChina, Key Lab Petr Geochem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wang, R. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sczhang@petrochina.com.cn; rlwang@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A1510 EP A1510 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903707 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Pan, Y Wen, XY Chen, YS Karamchandani, P Streets, DG Zhang, Q AF Zhang, Y. Pan, Y. Wen, X-Y Chen, Y-S Karamchandani, P. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. TI Global-through-urban WRF/Chem: A unified model for modeling aerosol-climate interactions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 19th Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference CY JUN 21, 2009 CL Davos, SWITZERLAND C1 [Zhang, Y.; Pan, Y.; Wen, X-Y; Chen, Y-S] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Karamchandani, P.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUN PY 2009 VL 73 IS 13 SU S BP A1513 EP A1513 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 460YS UT WOS:000267229903714 ER PT J AU Pasyanos, ME Matzel, EM Walter, WR Rodgers, AJ AF Pasyanos, Michael E. Matzel, Eric M. Walter, William R. Rodgers, Arthur J. TI Broad-band Lg attenuation modelling in the Middle East SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Body waves; Seismic attenuation; Seismic tomography; Wave scattering and diffraction; Wave propagation; Asia ID REGIONAL SEISMIC DISCRIMINANTS; UNITED-STATES EARTHQUAKES; WAVE-PROPAGATION; SURROUNDING REGIONS; SOURCE SPECTRA; EXPLOSIONS; STRESS; PHASE; EURASIA; TURKISH AB We present a broad-band tomographic model of Lg attenuation in the Middle East derived from source-and site-corrected amplitudes. Absolute amplitude measurements are made on hand-selected and carefully windowed seismograms for tens of stations and thousands of crustal earthquakes resulting in excellent coverage of the region. A conjugate gradient method is used to tomographically invert the amplitude data set of over 8000 paths over a 45 degrees x 40 degrees region of the Middle East. We solve for Q variation, as well as site and source terms, for a wide range of frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 10 Hz. We have modified the standard attenuation tomography technique to more explicitly define the earthquake source expression in terms of the seismic moment. This facilitates the use of the model to predict the expected amplitudes of new events, an important consideration for earthquake hazard or explosion monitoring applications. The attenuation results have a strong correlation to tectonics. Shields have low attenuation, whereas tectonic regions have high attenuation, with the highest attenuation at 1 Hz found in eastern Turkey. The results also compare favourably to other studies in the region made using Lg propagation efficiency, Lg/Pg amplitude ratios and two-station methods. We tomographically invert the amplitude measurements for each frequency independently. In doing so, it appears the frequency dependence of attenuation in all regions is not compatible with the power-law representation of Q(f), an assumption that is often made. C1 [Pasyanos, Michael E.; Matzel, Eric M.; Walter, William R.; Rodgers, Arthur J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pasyanos, ME (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pasyanos1@llnl.gov RI Rodgers, Arthur/E-2443-2011; GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012; Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013; Walter, William/C-2351-2013; Matzel, Eric/K-2571-2014 OI Walter, William/0000-0002-0331-0616; FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This study would not be possible without data from the following networks: GSN, PASSCAL, MEDNET, GEOFON, GEOSCOPE, KOERI, IIEES, KACST and GII. We appreciate the comments of Dan McNamara and two other anonymous reviewers as well as editor Jun Korenaga. This work would not have been possible without the dedicated programming efforts of Doug Dodge and Mike Ganzberger on the Regional Body- wave Amplitude Processing (RBAP) program. We thank Terri Hauk for loading the data into the LLNL research database and Stan Ruppert for setting up and maintaining the LLNL computational infrastructure. We thank Flori Ryall for the many regional phase picks used in this study. We are also thankful to all of the agencies that have contributed data for this work. Most figures were prepared using GMT [Wessel & Smith 1998]. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is LLNL contribution LLNL-JRNL-406566. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1166 EP 1176 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04128.x PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 445BS UT WOS:000266025200025 ER PT J AU Simmons, NA Forte, AM Grand, SP AF Simmons, Nathan A. Forte, Alessandro M. Grand, Stephen P. TI Joint seismic, geodynamic and mineral physical constraints on three-dimensional mantle heterogeneity: Implications for the relative importance of thermal versus compositional heterogeneity SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Gravity anomalies and Earth structure; Mantle processes; Composition of the mantle; Body waves; Seismic tomography; Dynamics of lithosphere and mantle ID EARTHS MANTLE; CONTINENTAL TECTOSPHERE; AFRICAN SUPERPLUME; SHEAR VELOCITY; DEEP-MANTLE; THERMOCHEMICAL STRUCTURE; LATERAL VARIATIONS; BENEATH AFRICA; DYNAMIC EARTH; PLATE MOTIONS AB The joint interpretation of seismic and geodynamic data requires mineral physical parameters linking seismic velocity to density perturbations in the Earth's mantle. The most common approach is to link velocity and density through relative scaling or conversion factors: R(rho/s) = dln rho/dlnV (S). However, the range of possible R(rho/s) values remains large even when only considering thermal effects. We directly test the validity of several proposed depth-dependent conversion profiles developed from mineral physics studies for thermally-varying properties of mantle materials. The tests are conducted by simultaneously inverting shear wave traveltime data and a diverse suite of convection-related constraints interpreted with viscous-flow response functions of the mantle. These geodynamic constraints are represented by surface spherical harmonic basis functions (up to harmonic degree 16) and they consist of the global free-air gravity field, tectonic plate divergences, dynamic surface topography and the excess ellipticity of the core-mantle boundary (CMB). The tests yield an optimum 1-D thermal R(rho/s) profile that is generally compatible with all considered data, with the exception of the dynamic surface topography that is most sensitive to the shallow upper mantle. This result is not surprising given that cratonic roots are known to be compositionally-distinct from the surrounding ambient mantle. Moreover, it is expected that the temperature-dependence of the thermal R(rho/s) in the upper mantle is significant due to the temperature-dependence of seismic attenuation or Q. Therefore, a simple 1-D density-velocity relationship is insufficient. To address this problem, we obtained independent estimates of the first-order correction factors to the selected R(rho/s) profile within the cratonic roots and in the ambient (thermal) upper mantle. These correction factors, defined as partial derivative R(rho/s)/partial derivative lnV (S), are highly negative within the cratons signifying considerable compositional buoyancy. This result confirms that the negative buoyancy associated with the low temperatures in the cratons is significantly counteracted by the composition-induced positive buoyancy resulting in near-neutral buoyancy of the cratonic roots. Within the ambient upper mantle, the correction factors are found to be positive which is consistent with the expected behaviour of the R(rho/s) relationship in thermally-varying upper-mantle material. We obtain a significantly greater reconciliation of the global gravity anomalies and dynamic surface topography when applying these laterally-varying corrections compared to a simple 1-D R(rho/s) relationship. Inversion for a fully 3-D R(rho/s) relationship reveals secondary effects including additional compositional variation within the cratonic roots and the deep-mantle superplume structures. We estimate the relative magnitude of the thermal and compositional (non-thermal) contributions to mantle density anomalies and conclude that thermal effects dominate shear wave and density heterogeneity throughout the non-cratonic mantle. We also demonstrate the potential pitfalls of scaling a purely seismically-derived model to obtain density rather than performing a true joint inversion to obtain velocity and density simultaneously. C1 [Simmons, Nathan A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Forte, Alessandro M.] Univ Quebec, Geotop, Dept Sci Terre & Atmosphere, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Grand, Stephen P.] Univ Texas Austin, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Simmons, NA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, 7000 East Ave,L-206, Livermore, CA USA. EM simmons27@llnl.gov RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011; Simmons, Nathan/J-9022-2014 FU Jackson School of Geosciences; Canada Research Chair program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation [EAR-0309189]; U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank Peter Bunge and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive reviews of this manuscript. We also thank the Jackson School of Geosciences for their support. AMF acknowledges funding provided by the Canada Research Chair program, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, and by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Support was provided by the National Science Foundation grant EAR-0309189. This work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is LLNL contribution LLNL-JRNL-404776. NR 82 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 177 IS 3 BP 1284 EP 1304 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04133.x PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 445BS UT WOS:000266025200036 ER PT J AU Lewis, CJ Gardner, JN Schultz-Fellenz, ES Lavine, A Reneau, SL Olig, S AF Lewis, Claudia J. Gardner, Jamie N. Schultz-Fellenz, Emily S. Lavine, Alexis Reneau, Steven L. Olig, Susan TI Fault interaction and along-strike variation in throw in the Pajarito fault system, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico SO GEOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID SEGMENT LINKAGE; FAIRVIEW PEAK; DIXIE VALLEY; RELAY RAMPS; EARTHQUAKES; DISPLACEMENT; SEISMICITY; EVOLUTION; LENGTH; BASIN AB The seismically active Pajarito fault system (PFS) of northern New Mexico, United States, is a complex zone of deformation made up of many laterally discontinuous faults and associated folds and fractures that interact in ways that have important implications for seismic hazards. Mapping and drilling projects in the PFS provide new insights into the structural geometry and paleoseismic history of the fault system. A 1.25 Ma old datum (the Bandelier Tuff) and high-resolution digital elevation data allow construction of throw-length profiles along the entire length of the PFS, revealing primary geometric features previously unrecognized. The fault system as a whole consists of numerous closely spaced overlapping sections similar to 8-14 km long. Slip maxima in some cases occur near the centers of these sections, and in others they are shifted toward one end. Along-strike asymmetrical throw profiles and throw deficits indicate fault branching, merging, and strain transfer. This pattern results from processes of fault linkage and conservation of strain on diverse structures of a large fault system. New mapping reveals that the northern end of the Pajarito fault terminates in a wide zone of extensional monoclines and discontinuous, small-displacement faults, and interacts with nearby antithetic faults. New paleoseismic data from a normal fault splay, interpreted in light of previous paleoseismic work, argue for three Holocene surface-rupturing earthquakes; one ca. 1.4 thousand calendar years ago (1.4 cal ka) on the Pajarito fault, a second 6.5-5.2 ka ago on the Pajarito fault that is consistent with an event 6.5-4.2 ka ago on the Guaje Mountain fault, and a third ca. 9 ka ago on both the Pajarito and the Rendija Canyon faults. This paleoseismic event chronology demonstrates that the Pajarito fault often ruptures alone, but sometimes ruptures either with the Rendija Canyon or the Guaje Mountain fault. When this occurs, the resultant seismic moment and therefore the earthquake magnitude are larger than when the main Pajarito fault ruptures alone. Evidence for fault interaction, and the presence of prominent bends in the Pajarito fault system, imply structural control of paleoseismicity and neoseismicity and suggest the potential for stress concentrations and earthquake triggering in complex linking fault systems. C1 [Lewis, Claudia J.; Gardner, Jamie N.; Schultz-Fellenz, Emily S.; Lavine, Alexis; Reneau, Steven L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Olig, Susan] URS Corp, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. RP Lewis, CJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES 16,MS D452, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Alamos National Laboratory publication [LA-UR-06-2158] FX This research was funded by the Offi ces of Nuclear Weapons Programs and Infrastructure, Facilities, and Construction at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We thank M. Machette, I. Wong, D. Koning, and A. Sussman for helpful discussions. Comments from C. Shaw, G. Smith, S. Minor, and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved this manuscript. This is Los Alamos National Laboratory publication LA-UR-06-2158. NR 67 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 1553-040X J9 GEOSPHERE JI Geosphere PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 252 EP 269 DI 10.1130/GES00198.1 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 456EQ UT WOS:000266824300005 ER PT J AU Wessling, S Junker, R Rutqvist, J Silin, D Sulzbacher, H Tischner, T Tsang, CF AF Wessling, Stefan Junker, Ralf Rutqvist, Jonny Silin, Dmitriy Sulzbacher, Hans Tischner, Torsten Tsang, Chin-Fu TI Pressure analysis of the hydromechanical fracture behaviour in stimulated tight sedimentary geothermal reservoirs SO GEOTHERMICS LA English DT Article DE Geothermal; Enhanced geothermal systems; Huff-puff process; Pressure transients; Tight sediments; Hydromechanical effects; Fracture flow; Flow regimes ID HYDRAULIC-PROPERTIES; ROCK FRACTURE; STRESS; PERMEABILITY; PROPAGATION; INJECTION; APERTURE; FIELD; DISCONTINUITIES; DEFORMATION AB Hydromechanical phenomena in fractured sediments are complex. They control the flow in stimulated tight sediments and are crucial for the exploitation of geothermal energy from such rocks. We present the analysis of a cyclic water injection/production (huff-puff) process, a promising method to extract geothermal energy from tight sedimentary reservoirs. It uses a single borehole, which considerably reduces investment costs. A huff-puff test was performed in a 3800-m deep sedimentary formation (borehole Horstberg Z1, Lower Saxony, Germany). The analysis presented herein explains the downhole pressure measurements by a simplified reservoir model containing a single vertical fracture. The model addresses the flow behaviour between the fracture and the rock matrix in a layered formation, and the coupling between fluid flow and the mechanical deformation of the fracture. The latter aspect is relevant to predict the efficiency of the geothermal reservoir because cooled regions resulting from a particular injection/production scheme can be identified. The analysis methods include: (1) the curve-fitting code ODA used for a determination of different flow regimes (radial or linear), (2) an analytical solution for the calculation of the injection pressure, assuming a time-dependent fracture area, and (3) the simulator ROCMAS, which numerically solves the coupling between fluid flow and fracture deformation. Whereas each single approach is insufficient to explain the complete test data, a combination of the results yields an understanding of the flow regimes taking place during the test. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wessling, Stefan; Junker, Ralf; Sulzbacher, Hans] Leibniz Inst Appl Geosci, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. [Rutqvist, Jonny; Silin, Dmitriy; Tsang, Chin-Fu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tischner, Torsten] Fed Inst Geosci & Nat Resources, D-30655 Hannover, Germany. RP Wessling, S (reprint author), Baker Hughes INTEQ GmbH, Baker Hughes Str 1, D-29221 Celle, Germany. EM stefan.wessling@inteq.com RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 FU Federal Ministry for the Environment; Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU, Germany) [0329995] FX We acknowledge financial support by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU, Germany), Grant No. 0329995. We also thank the initiators of the GeneSys project, Dr. R. Jung and Dr. J. Orzol. Finally, the analysis could not have been performed without the experimentalists who carried out the tests, whom we also acknowledge. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0375-6505 J9 GEOTHERMICS JI Geothermics PD JUN PY 2009 VL 38 IS 2 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.geothermics.2008.10.003 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Geology GA 452LX UT WOS:000266542600001 ER PT J AU Akatov, AA Nikonov, BS Omel'yanenko, BI Stefanovsky, SV Marra, JC AF Akatov, A. A. Nikonov, B. S. Omel'yanenko, B. I. Stefanovsky, S. V. Marra, J. C. TI Structure of borosilicate glassy materials with high concentrations of sodium, iron, and aluminum oxides SO GLASS PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL WASTES; VITRIFICATION; SURROGATE; USA; FACILITY; BENCH AB Alkali borosilicate glassy materials, which contain high iron and aluminum oxide concentrations and simulate vitrified high-level wastes of the Savannah River Site (United States), are investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, optical and electron microscopies, and infrared spectroscopy. The materials prepared by induction melting in cold crucibles operating in pilot and industrial facilities at the State Unitary Enterprise "Moscow Research and Production Association Radon" consist of a glass matrix with distributed individual or aggregated crystals of spinel similar in composition to trevorite. The maximum content of the crystalline phase in the glassy material from a "dead volume" of the cold crucible with an industrial size reaches similar to 13 vol %. The texture of the glass phase is complex and determined by the direction of flows in cold crucibles under the action of eddy currents, the character of outflow of the glass melt stream during pouring into canisters, and the interaction of the stream with the glass solidified in the canister after preceding pourings. The structure of the anionic motif of the glass phase is predominantly built up of metasilicate chains and boron-oxygen fragments with threefold-coordinated boron. C1 [Akatov, A. A.] Tech Univ, St Petersburg State Technol Inst, St Petersburg 198013, Russia. [Nikonov, B. S.; Omel'yanenko, B. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol Ore Deposits Petrog Mineral & Geochem I, Moscow 109107, Russia. [Stefanovsky, S. V.] State Unitary Enterprise City Moscow United Ecol, Moscow 119121, Russia. [Stefanovsky, S. V.] Res Ctr RAW Conditioning & Environm Protect SUE S, Moscow 119121, Russia. [Marra, J. C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Akatov, AA (reprint author), Tech Univ, St Petersburg State Technol Inst, Moskovskii Pr 26, St Petersburg 198013, Russia. EM profstef@mtu-net.ru RI Akatov, Andrey/H-5893-2016 OI Akatov, Andrey/0000-0002-1453-5837 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1087-6596 J9 GLASS PHYS CHEM+ JI Glass Phys. Chem. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 35 IS 3 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1134/S1087659609030031 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 464DT UT WOS:000267486100003 ER PT J AU Bingham, PA Connelly, AJ Hand, RJ Hyatt, NC Northrup, PA AF Bingham, P. A. Connelly, A. J. Hand, R. J. Hyatt, N. C. Northrup, P. A. TI Incorporation and speciation of sulphur in glasses for waste immobilisation SO GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the European-Society-of-Glass-Science-and-Technology CY SEP 10-14, 2006 CL Sunderland, ENGLAND SP European Soc Glass Sci & Technol ID REDOX EQUILIBRIA; SILICATE-GLASSES; SOLUBILITY; DEPENDENCE; NUCLEAR; IRON; MELT AB The incorporation and speciation of sulphur, in glass compositions relevant to the immobilisation of nuclear and toxic Wastes has been investigated; and for the first time We present a detailed analysis of S-bearing phosphate glasses. Sulphur Kedge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) has provided detailed information on the oxidation state of sulphur. It confirms that in phosphate glasses prepared tinder oxidising conditions, sulphur is present as sulphate, SO(4)(2-). Linear relationships have been identified linking log[SO(3)] (mol%) with the oxygen ion activity, which can be represented by the normalised cation field strength index Sigma(z/a(2)). When prepared tinder oxidising conditions only basic, highly depolymerised phosphate glasses for which Sigma(z/a(2)) 25 dB return loss, and >75 dB isolation at 1 GHz. The switch has potential applications in low duty-cycle, low power RF tuning and switching applications. C1 [Nordquist, Christopher D.; Baker, Michael S.; Kraus, Garth M.; Czaplewski, David A.; Patrizi, Gary A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Nordquist, CD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM cdnordq@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories,; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; LDRD funds FX Manuscript received October 23, 2008; revised March 02, 2009. First published May 26, 2009; current version published June 05, 2009. This work was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 and by LDRD funds. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1531-1309 J9 IEEE MICROW WIREL CO JI IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 6 BP 380 EP 382 DI 10.1109/LMWC.2009.2020025 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 464HP UT WOS:000267496300014 ER PT J AU Kurter, C Gray, KE Zasadzinski, JF Ozyuzer, L Koshelev, AE Li, Q Yamamoto, T Kadowaki, K Kwok, WK Tachiki, M Welp, U AF Kurter, Cihan Gray, Kenneth E. Zasadzinski, John F. Ozyuzer, Lutfi Koshelev, Alexei E. Li, Qing'an Yamamoto, T. Kadowaki, Kazuo Kwok, Wai-Kwong Tachiki, M. Welp, Ulrich TI Thermal Management in Large Bi2212 Mesas Used for Terahertz Sources SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8) (Bi2212) crystals; intrinsic Josephson junctions; Joule heating; mesa structure; terahertz emission ID INTERLAYER TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; INTRINSIC JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPENDENCE; GAP; INJECTION AB We present a thermal analysis of a patterned mesa on a Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8) (Bi2212) single crystal that is based on tunneling characteristics of the c-axis stack of 800 intrinsic Josephson junctions in the mesa. Despite the large mesa volume (e.g., 40 x 300 x 1.2 mu m(3)) and power dissipation that result in self-heating and backbending of the current-voltage curve (I-V), there are accessible bias conditions for which significant polarized THz-wave emission can be observed. We estimate the mesa temperature by equating the quasiparticle resistance, R(qp)(T), to the ratio V/I over the entire I-V including the backbending region. These temperatures are used to predict the unpolarized black-body radiation reaching our bolometer and there is substantial agreement over the entire I-V. As such, backbending results from the particular R(pq)(T) for Bi2212, as first discussed by Fenton, rather than a significant suppression of the energy gap. This model also correctly predicts the observed disappearance of backbending above similar to 60 K. C1 [Kurter, Cihan; Gray, Kenneth E.; Koshelev, Alexei E.; Li, Qing'an; Kwok, Wai-Kwong; Welp, Ulrich] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zasadzinski, John F.] IIT, Dept Phys, BCPS Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Ozyuzer, Lutfi] Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Phys, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. [Yamamoto, T.; Kadowaki, Kazuo] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Tachiki, M.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Kurter, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kurter@anl.gov; kengray@anl.gov; zasadzinski@iit.edu; ozyuzer@iyte.edu.tr; koshelev@msd.anl.gov; qali@anl.gov; yamamoto@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp; kadowaki@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp; wkwok@anl.gov; tachiki@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; welp@anl.gov RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011; Li, Qingan/L-3778-2013; Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 428 EP 431 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019235 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000070 ER PT J AU Yefremenko, V Wang, GS Novosad, V Datesman, AM Pearson, JE Divan, R Chang, CL Downes, TP McMahon, J Bleem, L Crites, AT Meyer, SS Carlstrom, JE AF Yefremenko, Volodymyr Wang, Gensheng Novosad, Valentyn Datesman, Aaron M. Pearson, John E. Divan, Ralu Chang, Clarence L. Downes, Thomas P. McMahon, Jeff Bleem, Lindsey Crites, Abigail T. Meyer, Stephan S. Carlstrom, John E. TI Control of Membrane Thermal Transport Supporting Superconducting Detector Development SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Bolometer; membrane; thermal conductance; transition-edge sensor ID SILICON; TEMPERATURES; SCATTERING; HEAT AB Because thermal transport determines the dynamic and static operation of bolometric detectors, control of the thermal conductance is critical for the implementation of detectors utilizing superconducting Transition Edge Sensors (TESs). For this reason, we have examined the use of partially perforated membranes for thermal management. This technique preserves the physical integrity of the membrane, and therefore maintains the mechanical robustness of the detector. This paper describes investigations of the thermal transport in trenched membranes. The test configuration consists of Mo/Au TESs lithographically defined on silicon nitride membranes 1 micron thick, 6 millimeter square in size. Trenches with variable depth are incorporated between the TES and the silicon frame in order to control the thermal transport. We demonstrate the ability to reduce the thermal conductance by a factor of 3 or greater using this technique. C1 [Yefremenko, Volodymyr; Wang, Gensheng; Novosad, Valentyn; Datesman, Aaron M.; Pearson, John E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Divan, Ralu] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chang, Clarence L.; Downes, Thomas P.; McMahon, Jeff; Bleem, Lindsey; Crites, Abigail T.; Meyer, Stephan S.; Carlstrom, John E.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Yefremenko, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM yefremenko@anl.gov; gwang@anl.gov; novosad@anl.gov; datesman@anl.gov; pearson@anl.gov; divan@aps.anl.gov; clchang@kicp.uchicago.edu; tpdownes@uchicago.edu; jm-cmahon@kicp.uchicago.edu; bleeml@uchicago.edu; abbycrites@gmail.com; meyer@uchicago.edu; jc@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 489 EP 492 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019564 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000084 ER PT J AU Lueker, M Benson, BA Chang, CL Cho, HM Dobbs, M Holzapfel, WL Lanting, T Lee, AT Mehl, J Plagge, T Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Vieira, JD AF Lueker, Martin Benson, Bradford A. Chang, Clarence L. Cho, Hsiao-Mei Dobbs, Matt Holzapfel, William L. Lanting, Trevor Lee, Adrian T. Mehl, Jared Plagge, Thomas Shirokoff, Erik Spieler, Helmuth G. Vieira, Joaquin D. TI Thermal Design and Characterization of Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) Bolometers for Frequency-Domain Multiplexing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Bolometer; multiplexer; transition-edge ID IMPEDANCE; ARRAYS AB In contemporary Cosmic Microwave Background experiments, bolometric detectors are often background limited, and in this case the sensitivity of instruments can only be improved by increasing the number of background-limited detectors, and so contemporary TES receivers contain as many pixels as possible. Frequency-Domain Multiplexing (fMUX) is one strategy for reading out many detectors with one SQUID. For any readout system, it is important to carefully evaluate the thermal design of detector, in conjunction with the readout bandwidth, in order to ensure stable electro-thermal feedback (ETF). We demonstrate a novel technique for characterizing the thermal circuit of our detectors, using am AC-bias and the fMUX electronics. This technique is used to study the internal thermal coupling of a TES bolometer. We illustrate how the insights gathered by this technique have been instrumental in improving the stability of our multiplexed detectors for the South Pole Telescope (SPT). C1 [Lueker, Martin; Benson, Bradford A.; Holzapfel, William L.; Lee, Adrian T.; Mehl, Jared; Plagge, Thomas; Shirokoff, Erik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Clarence L.; Vieira, Joaquin D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dobbs, Matt; Lanting, Trevor] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Lee, Adrian T.; Spieler, Helmuth G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lueker, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lueker@socrates.berkeley.edu; bbenson@bolo.berkeley.edu; clchang@kicp.uchicago.edu; hsiao-mei.cho@boulder.nist.gov; matt.dobbs@mcgill.ca; swlh@physics7.berkeley.edu; trevor.lanting@mcgill.ca; atl@cosmology.berkeley.edu; mehl@socrates.berkeley.edu; tplagge@bolo.berkeley.edu; shiro@berkeley.edu; hgspieler@lbl.gov; vieira@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 496 EP 500 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018036 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000086 ER PT J AU Shirokoff, E Benson, BA Bleem, LE Chang, CL Cho, HM Crites, AT Dobbs, MA Holzapfel, WL Lanting, T Lee, AT Lueker, M Mehl, J Plagge, T Spieler, HG Vieira, JD AF Shirokoff, Erik Benson, Bradford A. Bleem, Lindsey E. Chang, Clarence L. Cho, Hsiao-Mei Crites, Abigail T. Dobbs, Matt A. Holzapfel, William L. Lanting, Trevor Lee, Adrian T. Lueker, Martin Mehl, Jared Plagge, Thomas Spieler, Helmuth G. Vieira, Joaquin D. TI The South Pole Telescope SZ-Receiver Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Bolometers; superconducting devices; transition edge sensors AB We will discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of a 960-element TES array installed on the new 10 meter South Pole Telescope (SPT). This array is designed to survey for galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, which is the inverse-Compton scattering of Cosmic Microwave Background photons by plasma bound to clusters of galaxies. The SPT bolometer array consists of fully lithographed spider-web absorbers fabricated on adhesive-bonded silicon wafers with an embedded metal back plane. The absorbers are connected to aluminum-titanium bilayer TESs with a transition temperature of approximately 550 mK. Additional normal-metal features adjust the devices' thermal properties to suit our readout system and observational strategy. The focal plane is cooled using a commercial, closed cycle, pulse-tube refrigerator and a three-stage helium sorption refrigerator with a 250 mK base temperature. C1 [Shirokoff, Erik; Spieler, Helmuth G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bleem, Lindsey E.; Chang, Clarence L.; Crites, Abigail T.; Vieira, Joaquin D.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL USA. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dobbs, Matt A.; Lanting, Trevor] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Shirokoff, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shiro@berkeley.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015 NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 517 EP 519 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018229 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000091 ER PT J AU Jethava, N Ullom, JN Bennett, DA Doriese, WB Beall, JA Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Sassi, E Vale, LR Bacrania, MK Hoover, AS Karpius, PJ Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Vo, DT AF Jethava, N. Ullom, J. N. Bennett, D. A. Doriese, W. B. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Sassi, E. Vale, L. R. Bacrania, M. K. Hoover, A. S. Karpius, P. J. Rabin, M. W. Rudy, C. R. Vo, D. T. TI Improved Isotopic Analysis With a Large Array of Gamma-Ray Microcalorimeters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Gamma-ray microcalorimeter; plutonium isotopics; SQUID multiplexing; transition edge sensor ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; SQUID MULTIPLEXER; RESOLUTION AB We present results from the largest array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters operated to date. The microcalorimeters consist of Mo/Cu transition-edge sensors with attached Sn absorbers. The detector array contains 66 pixels each with an active area 2.25 mm(2). Out of 66 pixels, 55 are active, and 31 were used to acquire a high statistics Pu gamma-ray spectrum. The energy resolution of the best 21 pixels was found to be 120 eV FWHM. The array is read out using time domain SQUID multiplexing. Here, we describe the multiplexing and present a high statistics Pu spectra. Because of the large collecting area of our array, the statistical error in the (240)Pu line intensity is approximately 0.7%, which is comparable to the systematic error in a measurement with a 500 eV germanium sensor. Hence, we have reached an important threshold for demonstrating improved isotopic measurements with microcalorimeter sensors. With straightforward changes, we plan to achieve a resolution of about 50 eV FWHM with 256 multiplexed detectors. Finally, we present early estimates of on-chip heating within our sensor array. C1 [Jethava, N.; Ullom, J. N.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Sassi, E.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bacrania, M. K.; Hoover, A. S.; Karpius, P. J.; Rabin, M. W.; Rudy, C. R.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jethava, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jethava@boulder.nist.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 536 EP 539 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017945 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000096 ER PT J AU Wang, GS Yefremenko, V Novosad, V Bleem, L Chang, CL McMahon, J Datesman, A Pearson, J Divan, R Downes, T Crites, AT Meyer, SS Carlstrom, JE AF Wang, Gensheng Yefremenko, Volodymyr Novosad, Valentyn Bleem, Lindsey Chang, Clarence L. McMahon, Jeff Datesman, Aaron Pearson, John Divan, Ralu Downes, Tom Crites, Abigail T. Meyer, Stephan S. Carlstrom, John E. TI Development of Absorber Coupled TES Polarimeter at Millimeter Wavelengths SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Bolometer; heat transfer; millimeter and sub-millimeter waves; superconducting transition edge sensor ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; POLARIZATION; BOLOMETERS; WAVES AB We report an absorber coupled TES bolometric polarimeter, consisting of an absorptive metal grid and a Mo/Au bi-layer TES on a suspended silicon nitride membrane disk. The electromagnetic design of the polarization sensitive absorbers, the heat transport modeling of the detector, the thermal response of the TES, and the micro-fabrication processes are presented. We also report the results of laboratory tests of a single pixel prototype detector, and compare with theoretical expectations. C1 [Wang, Gensheng; Yefremenko, Volodymyr; Novosad, Valentyn; Datesman, Aaron; Pearson, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bleem, Lindsey; Chang, Clarence L.; McMahon, Jeff; Downes, Tom; Crites, Abigail T.; Meyer, Stephan S.; Carlstrom, John E.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Divan, Ralu] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, GS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gwang@anl.gov; bleeml@uchicago.edu; divan@aps.anl.gov RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 544 EP 547 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018230 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000098 ER PT J AU Datesman, AM Downes, TP Perera, TA Wang, GS Yefremenko, VG Pearson, JE Novosad, V Divan, R Chang, CL Logan, DW Meyer, SS Wilson, GW Bleem, LE Crites, AT McMahon, JJ Carlstrom, JE AF Datesman, Aaron M. Downes, Thomas P. Perera, Thushara A. Wang, Gensheng Yefremenko, Volodymyr G. Pearson, John E. Novosad, Valentyn Divan, Ralu Chang, Clarence L. Logan, Daniel W. Meyer, Stephan S. Wilson, Grant W. Bleem, Lindsey E. Crites, Abigail T. McMahon, Jeffrey J. Carlstrom, John E. TI TES Development for a Frequency Selective Bolometer Camera SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Frequency selective bolometer; membrane; transition-edge sensor ID ELECTROTHERMAL FEEDBACK; HIGH-REDSHIFT; GALAXIES; READOUT AB We discuss the development, at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), of a four-pixel camera with four spectral channels centered at 150, 220, 270, and 360 GHz. The scientific motivation involves photometry of distant dusty galaxies located by Spitzer and SCUBA, as well as the study of other millimeter-wave sources such as ultra-luminous infrared galaxies, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in clusters, and galactic dust. The camera incorporates Frequency Selective Bolometer (FSB) and superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) technology. The current generation of TES devices we examine utilizes proximity effect superconducting bilayers of Mo/Au, Ti, or Ti/Au as TESs, located along with frequency selective absorbing structures on silicon nitride membranes. The detector incorporates lithographically patterned structures designed to address both TES device stability and detector thermal transport concerns. The membrane is not perforated, resulting in a detector which is comparatively robust mechanically. In this paper, we report on the development of the superconducting bilayer TES technology, the design and testing of the detector thermal transport and device stability control structures, optical and thermal test results, and the use of new materials. C1 [Datesman, Aaron M.; Wang, Gensheng; Yefremenko, Volodymyr G.; Pearson, John E.; Novosad, Valentyn] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Downes, Thomas P.; Chang, Clarence L.; Meyer, Stephan S.; Bleem, Lindsey E.; Crites, Abigail T.; McMahon, Jeffrey J.; Carlstrom, John E.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Perera, Thushara A.; Logan, Daniel W.; Wilson, Grant W.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Divan, Ralu] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Datesman, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM datesman@anl.gov RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 548 EP 552 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017954 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000099 ER PT J AU Wikus, P Rutherford, JM Adams, JS Bagdasarova, Y Bandler, SR Bautz, M Boyce, K Brown, G Deiker, S Doriese, WB Figueroa-Feliciano, E Flanagan, K Galeazzi, M Hilton, GC Hwang, U Irwin, KD Kelley, RL Kallman, T Kilbourne, CA Kissel, S Leman, SW Levine, A Loewenstein, M Martinez-Galarce, D Mushotzky, R McCammon, D Najjar, D Petre, R Porter, FS Reintsema, CD Saab, T Schulz, N Serlemitsos, P Smith, R Ullom, JN Yoha, K AF Wikus, Patrick Rutherford, J. M. Adams, J. S. Bagdasarova, Y. Bandler, S. R. Bautz, M. Boyce, K. Brown, G. Deiker, S. Doriese, W. B. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Flanagan, K. Galeazzi, M. Hilton, G. C. Hwang, U. Irwin, K. D. Kelley, R. L. Kallman, T. Kilbourne, C. A. Kissel, S. Leman, S. W. Levine, A. Loewenstein, M. Martinez-Galarce, D. Mushotzky, R. McCammon, D. Najjar, D. Petre, R. Porter, F. S. Reintsema, C. D. Saab, T. Schulz, N. Serlemitsos, P. Smith, R. Ullom, J. N. Yoha, K. TI Micro-X, the TES X-ray Imaging Rocket: First Year Progress SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Cryogenics; rockets; SQUIDs; transition edge sensors; X-ray astronomy AB Micro-X is a sounding-rocket experiment that will combine a transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array with an imaging mirror to obtain high-spectral-resolution images of astronomical X-ray sources. The instrument's resolution across the 0.3-2.5 keV band will be 2 eV. The first flight will target the region of the Bright Eastern Knot of the Puppis A supernova remnant and is slated for January 2011. The obtained high-resolution X-ray spectra will be used to ascertain the temperature and ionization state of the X-ray-emitting gas and to determine its velocity structure. The TES array is read out by a time-division superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexing system. The detector front end assembly and the SQUID multiplexing circuit are cooled to the operating temperature of 50 mK with an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR). The design of this refrigerator is tailored to the requirements of rocket flight. Stable operation of the TES array close to the ADR magnet will be achieved with a magnetic shielding system, which will be based on a combination of a bucking coil and high-permeability and superconducting shield materials to cancel out residual fields. We describe our progress in developing the Micro-X instrument. C1 [Wikus, Patrick; Rutherford, J. M.; Bagdasarova, Y.; Bautz, M.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Flanagan, K.; Kissel, S.; Leman, S. W.; Levine, A.; Najjar, D.; Schulz, N.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Boyce, K.; Hwang, U.; Kelley, R. L.; Kallman, T.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Loewenstein, M.; Mushotzky, R.; Petre, R.; Porter, F. S.; Serlemitsos, P.; Smith, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brown, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Energy Dens Phys & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Deiker, S.; Martinez-Galarce, D.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Saab, T.; Yoha, K.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wikus, P (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM wikus@mit.edu RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 553 EP 556 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019129 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000100 ER PT J AU Magnelind, PE Matlashov, AN Volegov, PL Espy, MA AF Magnelind, Per E. Matlashov, Andrei N. Volegov, Petr L. Espy, Michelle A. TI Ultra-Low Field NMR of UF6 for U-235 Detection and Characterization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE SQUID; ULF-NMR; uranium hexafluoride ID MICROTESLA MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MRI; RELAXATION AB We have demonstrated the first ultra-low field (ULF) nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of uranium hexafluoride (UF6), which is used in the uranium enrichment process. A sensitive non-invasive detection system would have an important role in non-proliferation surveillance. A two-frequency technique was employed to remove the transients induced by rapidly switching off the 50 mT pre-polarization field. A mean transverse relaxation time T-2 of 24 ms was estimated for the un-enriched UF6 sample measured at a mean temperature of 80 degrees C. C1 [Magnelind, Per E.; Matlashov, Andrei N.; Volegov, Petr L.; Espy, Michelle A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Magnelind, PE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM per@lanl.gov; matlach@lanl.gov; volegov@lanl.gov; espy@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 816 EP 818 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019562 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000161 ER PT J AU Zotev, VS Matlashov, AN Savukov, IM Owens, T Volegov, PL Gomez, JJ Espy, MA AF Zotev, Vadim S. Matlashov, Andrei N. Savukov, Igor M. Owens, Tuba Volegov, Petr L. Gomez, John J. Espy, Michelle A. TI SQUID-Based Microtesla MRI for In Vivo Relaxometry of the Human Brain SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Brain; low-field MRI; relaxation; SQUID ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RELAXATION; NMR; TISSUE; SYSTEM; MEG AB SQUID-based MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) at microtesla fields has developed significantly over the past few years. Here we describe application of this method for magnetic relaxation measurements in the living human brain. We report values of the longitudinal relaxation time T1 for brain tissues, measured in vivo for the first time at microtesla fields. The experiments were performed at 46 mu T field using a seven-channel SQUID system designed for microtesla MRI and MEG. Values of T1, measured for different tissues at this field, are found to be close (within 5%) to the corresponding values of the transverse relaxation time T2 at the same field. Implications of this result for imaging contrast in microtesla MRI are discussed. C1 [Zotev, Vadim S.; Matlashov, Andrei N.; Savukov, Igor M.; Owens, Tuba; Volegov, Petr L.; Gomez, John J.; Espy, Michelle A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zotev, VS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vzotev@lanl.gov OI Savukov, Igor/0000-0003-4190-5335 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 823 EP 826 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018764 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000163 ER PT J AU Espy, M Flynn, M Gomez, J Hanson, C Kraus, R Magnelind, P Maskaly, K Matlashov, A Newman, S Peters, M Sandin, H Savukov, I Schultz, L Urbaitis, A Volegov, P Zotev, V AF Espy, Michelle Flynn, Mark Gomez, John Hanson, Christina Kraus, Robert Magnelind, Per Maskaly, Karlene Matlashov, Andrei Newman, Shaun Peters, Mark Sandin, Henrik Savukov, Igor Schultz, Larry Urbaitis, Algis Volegov, Petr Zotev, Vadim TI Applications of Ultra-Low Field Magnetic Resonance for Imaging and Materials Studies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE MRI; SQUID; ultra-low field NMR ID NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; MICROTESLA MRI; HUMAN BRAIN; NMR; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; INSTRUMENTATION; RELAXOMETRY; TISSUE; MEG AB Recently it has become both possible and practical to perform MR at magnetic fields from to mu T, the so-called ultra-low field (ULF) regime. SQUID sensor technology allows for ultra-sensitive detection while pulsed pre-polarizing fields greatly enhance signal. The instrumentation allows for unprecedented flexibility in signal acquisition sequences. Here we present the results from several applications of ULF MR which exploit the unique abilities of the method. These include novel ways to image both brain structure and function either by combination of MRI with magnetoencephalography or direct observation of the interaction of neural currents with the spin population, and ULF relaxometry for detection and characterization of materials relevant to numerous non-invasive inspection applications. We briefly describe the motivation, advantages, and recent results of several new applications of the ULF MR method. Specifically, we present recent data measuring the interaction of weak (similar to 10 mu A) currents with a spin-population in a water phantom, as studied by ULF MRI with implications for neural current imaging. We also present data from a ULF MR relaxometer developed inspecting liquids in a check-point for the presence of hazardous material. C1 [Espy, Michelle; Flynn, Mark; Gomez, John; Hanson, Christina; Kraus, Robert; Magnelind, Per; Maskaly, Karlene; Matlashov, Andrei; Newman, Shaun; Peters, Mark; Sandin, Henrik; Savukov, Igor; Schultz, Larry; Urbaitis, Algis; Volegov, Petr; Zotev, Vadim] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Espy, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM espy@lanl.gov; flynn@lanl.gov; jgomez@lanl.gov; chanson@lanl.gov; rkraus@lanl.gov; per@lanl.gov; karlene@lanl.gov; matlach@lanl.gov; snewman@lanl.gov; mvp@lanl.gov; henrik@lanl.gov; isavukov@lanl.gov; schultz@lanl.gov; avu@lanl.gov; volegov@lanl.gov; vzotev@lanl.gov OI Savukov, Igor/0000-0003-4190-5335; Urbaitis, Algis/0000-0002-8626-5987 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 835 EP 838 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018517 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000166 ER PT J AU Gray, KE Koshelev, AE Kurter, C Kadowaki, K Yamamoto, T Minami, H Yamaguchi, H Tachiki, M Kwok, WK Welp, U AF Gray, K. E. Koshelev, A. E. Kurter, C. Kadowaki, K. Yamamoto, T. Minami, H. Yamaguchi, H. Tachiki, M. Kwok, W. -K. Welp, U. TI Emission of Terahertz Waves From Stacks of Intrinsic Josephson Junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Applied Superconductivity Conference CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ATI Wah Chang, Coalit Commercial Applicat Superconductors, CryoZone, GE Global Res Ctr, IEEE Council Superconductiv, IEEE Magnet Soc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc, Teax Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Houston DE Intrinsic Josephson junctions; THz-radiation ID THERMAL-ACTIVATION; ARRAYS; RADIATION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TECHNOLOGY; LIFETIME; STATE; POWER AB By patterning mesoscopic crystals of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8) (BSCCO) into electromagnetic resonators the oscillations of a large number of intrinsic Josephson junctions can be synchronized into a macroscopic coherent state accompanied by the emission of strong continuous wave THz-radiation. The temperature dependence of the emission is governed by the interplay of self-heating in the resonator and by re-trapping of intrinsic Josephson junctions which can yield a strongly non-monotonic temperature dependence of the emission power. Furthermore, proper shaping of the resonators yields THz-sources with voltage-tunable emission frequencies. C1 [Gray, K. E.; Koshelev, A. E.; Kurter, C.; Kwok, W. -K.; Welp, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kadowaki, K.; Yamamoto, T.; Minami, H.; Yamaguchi, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Tachiki, M.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Gray, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kengray@anl.gov; kadowaki@ims.tsukuba.ac.jp; tachiki@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 886 EP 890 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017888 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KK UT WOS:000268282000178 ER PT J AU Ogitsu, T Ajima, Y Fujii, Y Higashi, N Kimura, N Kobayashi, T Makida, Y Nakamoto, T Ohhata, H Okamura, T Sasaki, K Tanaka, K Terashima, A Yamamoto, A Ichikawa, A Kakuno, H Hasting, N Anerella, M Escallier, J Ganetis, G Gupta, R Jain, A Muratore, JF Parker, B Wanderer, P Charrier, JP Boussuge, T Harrison, M AF Ogitsu, Toru Ajima, Yasuo Fujii, Yoshiaki Higashi, Norio Kimura, Nobuhiro Kobayashi, Takashi Makida, Yasuhiro Nakamoto, Tatsushi Ohhata, Hirokatsu Okamura, Takahiro Sasaki, Ken-ichi Tanaka, Kenichi Terashima, Akio Yamamoto, Akira Ichikawa, Atsuko Kakuno, Hidekazu Hasting, Nick Anerella, Michael Escallier, John Ganetis, George Gupta, Ramesh Jain, Animesh Muratore, Joseph F. Parker, Brett Wanderer, Peter Charrier, Jean-Paul Boussuge, Thierry Harrison, M. TI Status of Superconducting Magnet System for the J-PARC Neutrino Beam Line SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Beam line; combined function magnet; neutrino; superconducting magnet ID PROTOTYPE; DESIGN AB A superconducting magnet system for the J-PARC neutrino beam line has been under construction since 2004. The system consists of 14 doublet cryostats; each contains 2 combined function magnets (SCFM). The SCFM uses two single layer left/right asymmetric coils that produce a dipole field of 2.6 T and quadrupole of 19 T/m. The SCFMs had been developed by 2004, mass-produced since 2005, and completed by summer 2008. The system is being installed since Feb. 2008 till the end of 2008. The paper summarizes the system overview including cryogenics and safety peripheries. The paper also reports the production and installation status. C1 [Ogitsu, Toru; Ajima, Yasuo; Fujii, Yoshiaki; Higashi, Norio; Kimura, Nobuhiro; Kobayashi, Takashi; Makida, Yasuhiro; Nakamoto, Tatsushi; Ohhata, Hirokatsu; Okamura, Takahiro; Sasaki, Ken-ichi; Tanaka, Kenichi; Terashima, Akio; Yamamoto, Akira] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Ichikawa, Atsuko] Kyoto Univ, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto, Japan. [Kakuno, Hidekazu; Hasting, Nick] Univ Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Anerella, Michael; Escallier, John; Ganetis, George; Gupta, Ramesh; Jain, Animesh; Muratore, Joseph F.; Parker, Brett; Wanderer, Peter; Harrison, M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Charrier, Jean-Paul; Boussuge, Thierry] CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Ogitsu, T (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM toru.ogitsu@kek.jp; yasuo.ajima@kek.jp; yoshiaki.fujii@kek.jp; norio.higashi@kek.jp; nobuhiro.kimura@kek.jp; takashi.kobayashi@kek.jp; yasuhiro.makida@kek.jp; tatsushi.nakamoto@kek.jp; ohhata@post.kek.jp; takahiro.okamura@kek.jpl; ken-ichi.sasaki@kek.jp; kenichi.tanaka@kek.jp; akio.terashima@kek.jp; akira.yamamoto@kek.jp; ichikawa@neutrino.kek.jp; kakuno@hep.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; hastings@hep.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; mda@BNL.gov; escallier@bnl.gov; ganetis@bnl.gov; gupta@bnl.gov; muratore@bnl.gov; parker@bnl.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov; jean-paul.charrier@cea.fr; thierry.boussuge@cea.fr NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1081 EP 1086 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019037 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100003 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Sampson, W AF Gupta, Ramesh Sampson, William TI Medium and Low Field HTS Magnets for Particle Accelerators and Beam Lines SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Facility for rare isotope beams; high temperature superconductors; HTS magnets; muon colliders AB High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) magnets may offer an attractive alternative to both water-cooled copper and conventional low temperature superconducting magnets in many accelerators and beam lines. With energy cost rising and conductor cost falling, HTS magnets operating in the 20-60 K temperature range are gaining renewed interest for the lower cost of ownership (capital + operation). Moreover, in a few low to medium field R&D applications, HTS magnets not only provided a better technical solution but also proved to be less expensive to build and test than the magnets made with conventional Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS). In addition, HTS magnets can tolerate large energy and radiation loads and can operate with a simpler cryogenic system. This paper will present several specific examples. C1 [Gupta, Ramesh; Sampson, William] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gupta@bnl.gov FU Brookhaven Science Associates; LLC US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH1-886] FX Manuscript received August 19, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC US DOE Contract DE-AC02-98CH1-886. The US government retains, and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges, a world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1095 EP 1099 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017862 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100006 ER PT J AU Borgnolutti, F Caspi, S Ferracin, P Kashikhin, VV Sabbi, G Velev, G Todesco, E Zlobin, AV AF Borgnolutti, Franck Caspi, Shlomo Ferracin, Paolo Kashikhin, Vladimir V. Sabbi, GianLuca Velev, Gueorgui Todesco, Ezio Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Reproducibility of the Coil Positioning in Nb3Sn Magnet Models Through Magnetic Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Field quality; superconducting accelerator magnets ID LARP AB The random part of the integral field harmonics in a series of superconducting magnets has been used in the past to identify the reproducibility of the coil positioning. Using a magnetic model and a Monte-Carlo approach, coil blocks are randomly moved and the amplitude that best fits the magnetic measurements is interpreted as the reproducibility of the coil position. Previous values for r.m.s. coil displacements for Nb-Ti magnets range from 0.05 to 0.01 mm. In this paper, we use this approach to estimate the reproducibility in the coil position for Nb3Sn short models that have been built in the framework of the FNAL core program (HFDA dipoles) and of the LARP program (TQ quadrupoles). Our analysis shows that the Nb3Sn models manufactured in the past years correspond to r.m.s. coil displacements of at least 5 times what is found for the series production of a mature Nb-Ti technology. On the other hand, the variability of the field harmonics along the magnet axis shows that Nb3Sn magnets have already reached values similar to this obtained for Nb-Ti ones. C1 [Borgnolutti, Franck; Todesco, Ezio] CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Caspi, Shlomo; Ferracin, Paolo; Sabbi, GianLuca] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kashikhin, Vladimir V.; Velev, Gueorgui; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Borgnolutti, F (reprint author), CERN, Accelerator Technol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM ezio.todesco@cern.ch NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1100 EP 1105 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018530 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100007 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Ambrosio, G Anerella, M Bingham, B Bossert, R Caspi, S Cheng, DW Felice, H Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Nobrega, F Prestemon, S Sabbi, G Schmalzle, J Trillaud, F Wanderer, P Zlobin, AV AF Ferracin, Paolo Ambrosio, Giorgio Anerella, Michael Bingham, Brad Bossert, Rodger Caspi, Shlomo Cheng, D. W. Felice, Helene Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Nobrega, F. Prestemon, Soren Sabbi, GianLuca Schmalzle, Jesse Trillaud, Frederic Wanderer, Peter Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Fabrication and Test of a 3.7 m Long Support Structure for the LARP Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnet LQS01 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE LARP; Nb3Sn; quadrupole magnet ID ACCELERATOR RESEARCH-PROGRAM; RACETRACK COILS; MODEL QUADRUPOLE; LHC IR; DESIGN; TQS01 AB The 3.7 m long quadrupole magnet LQS01 represents a major step of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) towards the development of long Nb3Sn accelerator quadrupole magnets for a LHC Luminosity upgrade. The magnet support structure is a scale up of the 1 m long Technology Quadrupole TQS design with some modifications suggested by TQS model test results. It includes an aluminum shell pre-tensioned over iron yokes using pressurized bladders and locking keys (bladder and key technology). The axial support is provided by two stainless steel end plates compressed against the coil ends by four stainless steel rods. The structure, instrumented with strain gauges, has been fabricated and assembled around four aluminum "dummy coils" to determine pre-load homogeneity and mechanical characteristics during cool-down. After presenting the main magnetic and mechanical parameters of LQS01, we report in this paper on the design, assembly, and test of the support structure, with a comparison between strain gauges data and 3D finite element model results. C1 [Ferracin, Paolo; Bingham, Brad; Caspi, Shlomo; Cheng, D. W.; Felice, Helene; Hafalia, A. R.; Hannaford, C. R.; Prestemon, Soren; Sabbi, GianLuca; Trillaud, Frederic] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ambrosio, Giorgio; Bossert, Rodger; Nobrega, F.; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Anerella, Michael; Schmalzle, Jesse; Wanderer, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov FU Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Manuscript received August 26, 2008. First published June 23, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1106 EP 1111 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019544 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100008 ER PT J AU Yamada, R Kikuchi, A Chlachidze, G Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Carcagno, RH Kashikin, VV Kotelnikov, S Lamm, M Novitski, I Orris, D Sylvester, C Takeuchi, T Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Turrioni, D Wake, M Yuan, A Zlobin, AV AF Yamada, Ryuji Kikuchi, Akihiro Chlachidze, Guram Ambrosio, Giorgio Andreev, Nikolai Barzi, Emanuela Carcagno, Ruben H. Kashikin, Vadim V. Kotelnikov, Sergey Lamm, Michael Novitski, Igor Orris, Darryl Sylvester, Cosmore Takeuchi, Takao Tartaglia, Michael Tompkins, John C. Turrioni, Daniele Wake, Masayoshi Yuan, Alex Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Quench Tests and FEM Analysis of Nb3Al Rutherford Cables and Small Racetrack Magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Low field instability; Nb3Al strands; quench; Rutherford cable; small racetrack superconducting magnet ID STRANDS AB In collaboration between NIMS and Fermilab, we have made copper stabilized Nb3Al Rutherford cables, using Nb-matrixed and Ta-matrixed strands. First these cables were investigated at high current in low self field using a flux pump. Using these Rutherford cables, we built and tested small racetrack magnets. The magnet made with the Nb-matrixed strand showed the flux jump instability in low field. The small racetrack magnet wound with the Ta-matrixed Nb3Al Rutherford cable was very stable at 4.5 K operation without any instability, as well as at 2.2 K operation. With the successful operation of the small racetrack magnet up to its short sample data, the feasibility of the Nb3Al strand and its Rutherford cable for their application to high field magnets is established. The characteristics of Nb3Al Rutherford cable is compared with that of the Nb3Sn Rutherford cable and the advantages of Nb3Al Rutherford cable are discussed. C1 [Yamada, Ryuji; Chlachidze, Guram; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Andreev, Nikolai; Barzi, Emanuela; Carcagno, Ruben H.; Kashikin, Vadim V.; Kotelnikov, Sergey; Lamm, Michael; Novitski, Igor; Orris, Darryl; Sylvester, Cosmore; Tartaglia, Michael; Tompkins, John C.; Turrioni, Daniele; Yuan, Alex; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kikuchi, Akihiro; Takeuchi, Takao] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Wake, Masayoshi] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Yamada, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yamada@fnal.gov RI TAKEUCHI, Takao/H-2753-2011 FU US Department of Energy FX Manuscript received August 27, 2008. First published May 27, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1116 EP 1120 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018531 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100010 ER PT J AU Lopes, ML Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Zlobin, AV AF Lopes, Mauricio L. Kashikhin, Vladimir S. Kashikhin, Vadim V. Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Compact IR Quadrupoles for Linear Colliders Based on Rutherford-Type Cable SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Accelerator magnet; linear collider; Rutherford-type cable; superconducting quadrupole ID FIELD AB The upcoming and disrupted beams in the interaction region (IR) of a linear collider are focused by doublets consisting of two small-aperture superconducting quadrupoles. These magnets need an effective compact magnetic shielding to minimize magnetic coupling between the two channels and sufficient temperature margin to withstand radiation-induced heat depositions in the coil. This paper presents conceptual designs of IR quadrupoles for linear colliders based on NbTi and Nb(3)Sn Rutherford-type cables. C1 [Lopes, Mauricio L.; Kashikhin, Vladimir S.; Kashikhin, Vadim V.; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lopes, ML (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM mllopes@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1158 EP 1161 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019055 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100019 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VS Andreev, N Chlachidze, G DiMarco, J Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Lopes, ML Orris, D Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Velev, G Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, Vladimir S. Andreev, Nikolai Chlachidze, Guram DiMarco, Joseph Kashikhin, Vadim V. Lamm, Michael J. Lopes, Mauricio L. Orris, Darryl Tartaglia, Michael Tompkins, John C. Velev, Gueorgui Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Test Results of a Superconducting Quadrupole Model Designed for Linear Accelerator Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Linear accelerators; magnets; manufacturing; measurements; superconducting quadrupole; test ID LHC; MAGNETS; CORRECTORS; FERMILAB AB The first model of a superconducting quadrupole for use in a Linear Accelerator was designed, built and tested at Fermilab. The quadrupole has a 78 mm aperture, and a cold mass length of 680 mm. A superferric magnet configuration with iron poles and four racetrack coils was chosen based on magnet performance, cost, and reliability considerations. Each coil is wound using enamel insulated, 0.5 mm diameter, NbTi superconductor. The quadrupole package also includes racetrack type dipole steering coils. The results of the quadrupole design, manufacturing and test, are presented. Specific issues related to the quadrupole magnetic center stability, superconductor magnetization and mechanical stability are discussed. The magnet quench performance and results of magnetic measurements will also be briefly discussed. C1 [Kashikhin, Vladimir S.; Andreev, Nikolai; Chlachidze, Guram; DiMarco, Joseph; Kashikhin, Vadim V.; Lamm, Michael J.; Lopes, Mauricio L.; Orris, Darryl; Tartaglia, Michael; Tompkins, John C.; Velev, Gueorgui; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kash@fnal.gov; andreev@fnal.gov; guram@fnal.gov; dimarco@fnal.gov; vadim@fnal.gov; lamm@fnal.gov; mllopes@fnal.gov; orris@fnal.gov; tartaglia@fnal.gov; jct@fnal.gov; velev@fnal.gov; zlobin@fnal.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX Manuscript received August 21, 2008. First published May 12, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1176 EP 1181 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017889 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100023 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Trillaud, F Godeke, A Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Sabbi, G Giloux, C Perez, JG Karppinen, M AF Caspi, Shlomo Trillaud, Frederic Godeke, Arno Dietderich, Daniel R. Ferracin, Paolo Sabbi, GianLuca Giloux, Christian Perez, Juan G. Karppinen, Mikko TI Test of a NbTi Superconducting Quadrupole Magnet Based on Alternating Helical Windings SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE NbTi; superconducting quadrupole; tilted helical solenoid ID DIPOLE MAGNET; DESIGN; FIELD AB It has been shown that by superposing two solenoid-like thin windings, that are oppositely skewed (tilted) with respect to the bore axis, the combined current density on the surface is cos(theta)-like and the resulting magnetic field in the bore is a pure dipole field. Following a previous test of such a superconducting dipole magnet, a quadrupole magnet was designed and built using similar principles. This paper describes the design, construction and test of a 75 mm bore 600 mm long superconducting quadrupole made with NbTi wire. The simplicity of the design, void of typical wedges, end-spacers and coil assembly, is especially suitable for future high field insert coils using Nb(3) Sn as well as HTS wires. The 3 mm thick coil reached 46 T/m but did not achieve its current plateau. C1 [Caspi, Shlomo; Trillaud, Frederic; Godeke, Arno; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Ferracin, Paolo; Sabbi, GianLuca] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Giloux, Christian; Perez, Juan G.; Karppinen, Mikko] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov; ftrillaud@lbl.gov; agodeke@lbl.gov; drdietderich@lbl.gov; pferracin@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; christian.giloux@cern.ch; juan.garcia.perez@cern.ch; mikko.karppinen@cern.ch NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1195 EP 1198 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017892 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100027 ER PT J AU Wanderer, P AF Wanderer, Peter TI Overview of LARP Magnet R&D SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE LARP; Nb(3)Sn; quadrupoles; superconducting AB This paper presents the main areas of magnet R&D for a LHC Luminosity Upgrade carried on through the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). Development of Nb(3)Sn high gradient, large aperture quadrupoles is taking place at Berkeley, Fermilab, and Brookhaven. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wanderer, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wanderer@bnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy FX This work has been accomplished by the close collaboration of the magnet R&D groups at Fermilab, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, and Brookhaven Lab under the LARP program. My colleagues and I appreciate the support of the Office of High Energy Physics in the U. S. Department of Energy. We also thank the staff at CERN for assistance with the assembly and test of two TQ magnets. For help in preparing this paper I would like to thank G. Ambrosio, M. Anerella, E. Barzi, R. Bossert, S. Caspi, D. Dietderich, P. Feracin, H. Felice, A. Ghosh, F. Nobrega, G. Sabbi, J. Schmalzle, and A. Zlobin. I would also like to thank S. Peggs for advice and encouragement in this work. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1208 EP 1211 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017917 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100030 ER PT J AU Muratore, JF Ambrosio, G Anerella, M Barzi, E Bossert, R Caspi, S Cheng, DW Cozzolino, J Dietderich, DR Escallier, J Feher, S Felice, H Ferracin, P Ganetis, G Ghosh, AK Gupta, RC Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Joshi, P Kovach, P Lietzke, AF Louie, W Marone, A McInturff, AD Nobrega, F Sabbi, G Schmalzle, J Thomas, R Turrioni, D Wanderer, P AF Muratore, Joseph F. Ambrosio, Giorgio Anerella, Michael Barzi, Emanuela Bossert, Rodger Caspi, Shlomo Cheng, D. W. Cozzolino, John Dietderich, Daniel R. Escallier, John Feher, Sandor Felice, Helene Ferracin, Paolo Ganetis, George Ghosh, Arup K. Gupta, Ramesh C. Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Joshi, Piyush Kovach, Paul Lietzke, A. F. Louie, Wing Marone, Andrew McInturff, Al D. Nobrega, F. Sabbi, GianLuca Schmalzle, Jesse Thomas, Richard Turrioni, Daniele Wanderer, Peter TI Test Results of LARP 3.6 m Nb3Sn Racetrack Coils Supported by Full-Length and Segmented Shell Structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE LARP; Nb3Sn; racetrack; superconducting magnets AB As part of the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) to build a high performance quadrupole magnet with Nb3Sn conductor, a pair of 3.6 m-long Nb3Sn racetrack coils has been made at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and installed in two shell-type support structures built by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL). These magnet assemblies have been tested at 4.5 K at BNL to gauge the effect of extended length and prestress on the mechanical performance of the long structure compared to earlier short models. This paper presents the results of quench testing and compares the overall performance of the two versions of the support structure. We also summarize the shell strain measurements and discuss the variation of quench current with ramp rate. C1 [Muratore, Joseph F.; Anerella, Michael; Cozzolino, John; Escallier, John; Ganetis, George; Ghosh, Arup K.; Gupta, Ramesh C.; Joshi, Piyush; Kovach, Paul; Louie, Wing; Marone, Andrew; Schmalzle, Jesse; Thomas, Richard; Wanderer, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ambrosio, Giorgio; Barzi, Emanuela; Bossert, Rodger; Feher, Sandor; Nobrega, F.; Turrioni, Daniele] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Tech Support Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Caspi, Shlomo; Cheng, D. W.; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Felice, Helene; Ferracin, Paolo; Hafalia, A. R.; Hannaford, C. R.; Lietzke, A. F.; Sabbi, GianLuca] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muratore, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Superconducting Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mura-tore@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates LLC. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1212 EP 1216 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018511 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100031 ER PT J AU Chlachidze, G Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Bossert, R Carcagno, RH Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, MJ Nobrega, F Novitski, I Orris, D Sylvester, C Tartaglia, M Tompkins, JC Turrioni, D Velev, G Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Chlachidze, Guram Ambrosio, Giorgio Andreev, Nikolai Barzi, Emanuela Bossert, Rodger Carcagno, Ruben H. Kashikhin, Vladimir S. Kashikhin, Vadim V. Lamm, Michael J. Nobrega, F. Novitski, Igor Orris, Darryl Sylvester, Cosmore Tartaglia, Michael Tompkins, John C. Turrioni, Daniele Velev, Gueorgui Yamada, Ryuji Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Quench Performance of a 4-m Long Nb3Sn Shell-Type Dipole Coil SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Accelerator magnets; cable; coil; dipole mirror; Nb3Sn strand; quench; stability; superconducting magnet ID STRANDS; DESIGN; LARP AB Fermilab has finished the first phase of Nb3Sn technology scale up by testing 2-m and 4-m long shell-type dipole coils in a 'magnetic mirror' configuration. The 2-m long coil, made of Powder-in-Tube (PIT) Nb3Sn strand, reached its short sample limit at a field level of 10 T. The 4-m long coil, made of advanced Nb3Sn strand based on the Restack Rod Process (RRP) of 108/127 design, has been recently fabricated and tested. Coil test results at 4.5 K and 2.2 K are reported and discussed. C1 [Chlachidze, Guram; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Andreev, Nikolai; Barzi, Emanuela; Bossert, Rodger; Carcagno, Ruben H.; Kashikhin, Vladimir S.; Kashikhin, Vadim V.; Lamm, Michael J.; Nobrega, F.; Novitski, Igor; Orris, Darryl; Sylvester, Cosmore; Tartaglia, Michael; Tompkins, John C.; Turrioni, Daniele; Velev, Gueorgui; Yamada, Ryuji; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chlachidze, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM guram@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This work was supported by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1217 EP 1220 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018276 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100032 ER PT J AU Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Felice, H Ferracin, P Hafalia, R Hannaford, CR Lietzke, AF Lizarazo, J Sabbi, G Wang, XR Ghosh, A Wanderer, P Ambrosio, G Barzi, E Bossert, R Chlachidze, G Feher, S Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Tartaglia, MA Zlobin, AV Bajko, M Bordini, B DeRijk, G Giloux, C Karppinen, M Perez, JC Rossi, L Siemko, A Todesco, E AF Caspi, Shlomo Dietderich, Daniel R. Felice, Helene Ferracin, Paolo Hafalia, R. Hannaford, C. R. Lietzke, A. F. Lizarazo, Juan Sabbi, GianLuca Wang, X. R. Ghosh, Arup Wanderer, Peter Ambrosio, Giorgio Barzi, Emanuela Bossert, Rodger Chlachidze, Guram Feher, Sandor Kashikhin, Vadim V. Lamm, Michael Tartaglia, Michael A. Zlobin, Alexander V. Bajko, Marta Bordini, Bernardo DeRijk, Gijs Giloux, Christian Karppinen, Mikko Perez, Juan C. Rossi, Lucio Siemko, Andrzej Todesco, Ezio TI Test Results of LARP Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnets Using a Shell-Based Support Structure (TQS) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE LARP; quadrupole; superconducting magnet; Nb3Sn ID MODEL QUADRUPOLE; RACETRACK COILS; DESIGN AB Amongst the magnet development program of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, six quadrupole magnets were built and tested using a shell based key and bladder technology (TQS). The 1 m long 90 mm aperture magnets are part of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) aimed at demonstrating Nb3Sn technology by the year 2009, of a 3.6 m long magnet capable of achieving 200 T/m. In support of the LARP program the TQS magnets were tested at three different laboratories, LBNL, FNAL and CERN and while at CERN a technology-transfer and a four days magnet disassembly and reassembly were included. This paper summarizes the fabrication, assembly, cool-down and test results of the six magnets and compares measurements with design expectations. C1 [Caspi, Shlomo; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Felice, Helene; Ferracin, Paolo; Hafalia, R.; Hannaford, C. R.; Lietzke, A. F.; Lizarazo, Juan; Sabbi, GianLuca; Wang, X. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ghosh, Arup; Wanderer, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ambrosio, Giorgio; Barzi, Emanuela; Bossert, Rodger; Chlachidze, Guram; Feher, Sandor; Kashikhin, Vadim V.; Lamm, Michael; Tartaglia, Michael A.; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermi Natl Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Bajko, Marta; Bordini, Bernardo; DeRijk, Gijs; Giloux, Christian; Karppinen, Mikko; Perez, Juan C.; Rossi, Lucio; Siemko, Andrzej; Todesco, Ezio] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Caspi, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM s_caspi@lbl.gov; drdietderich@lbl.gov; hfelice@lbl.gov; RRHafalia@lbl.gov; RHannaford@lbl.gov; AFLietzke@lbl.gov; jlizarazo@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; XRWang@lbl.gov; aghosh@bnl.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov; giorgioa@fnal.gov; barzi@fnal.gov; bossert@fnal.gov; guram@fnal.gov; fehers@fnal.gov; vadim@fnal.gov; lamm@fnal.gov; tartaglia@fnal.gov; zlobin@fnal.gov; marta.bajko@cern.ch; bernardo.bordini@cern.ch; gijs.derijk@cern.ch; christian.giloux@cern.ch; mikko.karppinen@cern.ch; juan.carlos.perez@cern.ch; andrzej.siemko@cern.ch; ezio.todesco@cern.ch FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1221 EP 1225 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017919 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100033 ER PT J AU Bossert, RC Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Barzi, E Chlachidze, G Feher, S Kashikhin, VS Kashikhin, VV Lamm, M Nobrega, A Novitski, I Orris, D Tartaglia, M Zlobin, AV Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Hafalia, AR Sabbi, G Ghosh, A Wanderer, P AF Bossert, Rodger C. Ambrosio, Giorgio Andreev, Nikolai Barzi, Emanuela Chlachidze, Guram Feher, Sandor Kashikhin, Vladimir S. Kashikhin, Vadim V. Lamm, Michael Nobrega, Alfred Novitski, Igor Orris, Darryl Tartaglia, Michael Zlobin, Alexander V. Caspi, Shlomo Dietderich, Daniel R. Ferracin, Paolo Hafalia, A. R. Sabbi, GianLuca Ghosh, Arup Wanderer, Peter TI Fabrication and Test of LARP Technological Quadrupole Models of TQC Series SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Collars; LARP; LHC; Nb3Sn; quadrupole magnet; quench ID MAGNET; TQS01 AB In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, several two-layer technological quadrupole models of TQC series with 90 mm aperture and collar-based mechanical structure have been developed at Fermilab in collaboration with LBNL. This paper summarizes the results of fabrication and test of TQC02a, the second TQC model based on RRP Nb3Sn strand, and TQC02b, built with both MJR and RRP strand. The test results presented include magnet strain and quench performance during training, as well as quench studies of current ramp rate and temperature dependence from 1.9 K to 4.5 K. C1 [Bossert, Rodger C.; Ambrosio, Giorgio; Andreev, Nikolai; Barzi, Emanuela; Chlachidze, Guram; Feher, Sandor; Kashikhin, Vladimir S.; Kashikhin, Vadim V.; Lamm, Michael; Nobrega, Alfred; Novitski, Igor; Orris, Darryl; Tartaglia, Michael; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Caspi, Shlomo; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Ferracin, Paolo; Hafalia, A. R.; Sabbi, GianLuca] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ghosh, Arup; Wanderer, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bossert, RC (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bossert@fnal.gov; giorgioa@fnal.gov; andreev@fnal.gov; barzi@fnal.gov; guram@fnal.gov; fehers@fnal.gov; kash@fnal.gov; vadim@fnal.gov; lamm@fnal.gov; nobrega@fnal.gov; novitski@fnal.gov; orris@fnal.gov; tartaglia@fnal.gov; zlobin@fnal.gov; s_caspi@lbl.gov; drdietderich@lbl.gov; pferracin@lbl.gov; RRHafalia@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; aghosh@bnl.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov FU US Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1226 EP 1230 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019104 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100034 ER PT J AU Ambrosio, G Andreev, N Anerella, M Barzi, E Bossert, R Caspi, S Chlachidize, G Dietderich, DR Felice, H Ferracin, P Ghosh, A Hafalia, R Hannaford, R Jochen, G Kashikhin, VV Kovach, P Lamm, M Lietzke, A McInturff, AD Muratore, JF Nobrega, F Novitsky, I Peggs, S Prestemon, S Sabbi, G Schmalzle, J Turrioni, D Wanderer, P Whitson, G Zlobin, AV AF Ambrosio, Giorgio Andreev, Nikolai Anerella, Michael Barzi, Emanuela Bossert, Rodger Caspi, Shlomo Chlachidize, Guram Dietderich, Daniel R. Felice, Helene Ferracin, Paolo Ghosh, Arup Hafalia, R. Hannaford, R. Jochen, G. Kashikhin, V. V. Kovach, P. Lamm, Michael Lietzke, A. McInturff, Al D. Muratore, Joseph F. Nobrega, F. Novitsky, I. Peggs, S. Prestemon, Soren Sabbi, GianLuca Schmalzle, Jesse Turrioni, Daniele Wanderer, Peter Whitson, G. Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Development and Coil Fabrication for the LARP 3.7-m Long Nb3Sn Quadrupole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE LARP; long magnet; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnet ID DESIGN; MAGNET AB The U. S. LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) has started the fabrication of 3.7-m long Nb(3)Sn quadrupole models. The Long Quadrupoles (LQ) are "Proof-of-Principle" magnets which are to demonstrate that Nb(3)Sn technology is mature for use in high energy particle accelerators. Their design is based on the LARP Technological Quadrupole (TQ) models, developed at FNAL and LBNL, which have design gradients higher than 200 T/m and an aperture of 90 mm. The plans for the LQ R&D and a design update are presented and discussed in this paper. The challenges of fabricating long accelerator-quality Nb(3)Sn coils are presented together with the solutions adopted for the LQ coils (based on the TQ experience). During the fabrication and inspection of practice coils some problems were found and corrected. The fabrication at BNL and FNAL of the set of coils for the first Long Quadrupole is in progress. C1 [Ambrosio, Giorgio; Andreev, Nikolai; Barzi, Emanuela; Bossert, Rodger; Chlachidize, Guram; Kashikhin, V. V.; Lamm, Michael; Nobrega, F.; Novitsky, I.; Turrioni, Daniele; Whitson, G.; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Anerella, Michael; Ghosh, Arup; Jochen, G.; Kovach, P.; Muratore, Joseph F.; Peggs, S.; Schmalzle, Jesse; Wanderer, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Caspi, Shlomo; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Felice, Helene; Ferracin, Paolo; Hafalia, R.; Hannaford, R.; Lietzke, A.; Prestemon, Soren; Sabbi, GianLuca] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McInturff, Al D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [McInturff, Al D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ambrosio, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM giorgioa@fnal.gov; andreev@fnal.gov; mda@BNL.gov; barzi@fnal.gov; bossert@fnal.gov; s_caspi@lbl.gov; guram@fnal.gov; drdietderich@lbl.gov; hfelice@lbl.gov; pferracin@lbl.gov; aghosh@bnl.gov; RRHafalia@lbl.gov; test@test.com; test2@test.com; test3@test.com; test4@test.com; lamm@fnal.gov; test5@test.com; mcinturff@phyacc.tamu.edu; mura-tore@bnl.gov; nobrega@fnal.gov; novitski@fnal.gov; test6@test.com; SOPrestemon@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; Jesses@bnl.gov; turrioni@fnal.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov; test7@test.com; zlobin@fnal.gov FU US Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1231 EP 1234 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019601 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100035 ER PT J AU Felice, H Ambrosio, G Anerella, M Bossert, R Caspi, S Cheng, DW Dietderich, DR Ferracin, P Ghosh, AK Hafalia, R Hannaford, CR Kashikhin, V Schmalze, J Prestemon, S Sabbi, GL Wanderer, P Zlobin, AV AF Felice, Helene Ambrosio, Giorgio Anerella, Michael Bossert, Rodger Caspi, Shlomo Cheng, D. W. Dietderich, Daniel R. Ferracin, Paolo Ghosh, Arup K. Hafalia, R. Hannaford, C. R. Kashikhin, Vadim Schmalze, Jesse Prestemon, Soren Sabbi, Gian Luca Wanderer, Peter Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Design of HQ-A High Field Large Bore Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnet for LARP SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE IR quadrupole; LARP; Nb3Sn; superconducting accelerator magnets AB In support of the Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade, a large bore (120 mm) Nb3Sn quadrupole with 15 T peak coil field is being developed within the framework of the US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP). The 2-layer design with a 15 mm wide cable is aimed at pre-stress control, alignment and field quality while exploring the magnet performance limits in terms of gradient, forces and stresses. In addition, HQ will determine the magnetic, mechanical, and thermal margins of Nb3Sn technology with respect to the requirements of the luminosity upgrade at the LHC. C1 [Felice, Helene; Caspi, Shlomo; Cheng, D. W.; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Ferracin, Paolo; Hafalia, R.; Hannaford, C. R.; Prestemon, Soren; Sabbi, Gian Luca] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ambrosio, Giorgio; Bossert, Rodger; Kashikhin, Vadim; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Anerella, Michael; Ghosh, Arup K.; Schmalze, Jesse; Wanderer, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Felice, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HFelice@lbl.gov FU Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 15 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1235 EP 1239 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019105 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100036 ER PT J AU Ferracin, P Bingham, B Caspi, S Cheng, DW Dietderich, DR Felice, H Godeke, A Hafalia, AR Hannaford, CR Joseph, JM Lietzke, AF Lizarazo, J Sabbi, G Trillaud, F Wang, XR AF Ferracin, Paolo Bingham, Brad Caspi, Shlomo Cheng, D. W. Dietderich, Daniel R. Felice, Helene Godeke, Arno Hafalia, A. R. Hannaford, C. R. Joseph, J. M. Lietzke, A. F. Lizarazo, Juan Sabbi, GianLuca Trillaud, Frederic Wang, X. R. TI Assembly and Test of HD2, a 36 mm Bore High Field Nb3Sn Dipole Magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Dipole magnet; Nb3Sn ID DESIGN AB We report on the fabrication, assembly, and test of the Nb3Sn dipole magnet HD2. The magnet, aimed at demonstrating the application of Nb3Sn superconductor in high field accelerator-type dipoles, features a 36 mm clear bore surrounded by block-type coils with tilted ends. The coil design is optimized to minimize geometric harmonics in the aperture and the magnetic peak field on the conductor in the coil ends. The target bore field of 15 T at 4.3 K is consistent with critical current measurements of extracted strands. The coils are horizontally pre-stressed during assembly using an external aluminum shell pre-tensioned with water-pressurized bladders. Axial pre-loading of the coil ends is accomplished through two end plates and four aluminum tension rods. The strain in coil, shell, and rods is monitored with strain gauges during assembly, cool-down and magnet excitation, and compared with 3D finite element computations. Magnet's training performance, quench locations, and ramp-rate dependence are then analysed and discussed. C1 [Ferracin, Paolo; Bingham, Brad; Caspi, Shlomo; Cheng, D. W.; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Felice, Helene; Godeke, Arno; Hafalia, A. R.; Hannaford, C. R.; Joseph, J. M.; Lietzke, A. F.; Lizarazo, Juan; Sabbi, GianLuca; Trillaud, Frederic; Wang, X. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferracin, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pferracin@lbl.gov; B_Bingham@lbl.gov; s_caspi@lbl.gov; DWCheng@lbl.gov; drdietderich@lbl.gov; hfelice@lbl.gov; agodeke@lbl.gov; RRHafalia@lbl.gov; RHannaford@lbl.gov; JMJoseph@lbl.gov; AFLi-etzke@lbl.gov; jlizarazo@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; ftrillaud@lbl.gov; XRWang@lbl.gov RI Wang, Xiaorong/D-5311-2009; OI Wang, Xiaorong/0000-0001-7065-8615 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, U. S. Department of Energy, Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1240 EP 1243 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019248 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100037 ER PT J AU Feher, S Darve, C Denz, R Garion, C Gicquel, F Kerby, J Limon, P Mathot, S Nicol, TH Ostojic, R Page, TM Perin, A Peterson, T Perez, JC Prin, H Rabehl, R Sasaki, K Thiesen, H AF Feher, Sandor Darve, Christine Denz, Reiner Garion, Cedric Gicquel, Frederic Kerby, James Limon, Peter Mathot, Serge Nicol, Thomas H. Ostojic, Ranko Page, Thomas M. Perin, Antonio Peterson, Thomas Perez, Juan C. Prin, Herve Rabehl, Roger Sasaki, Ken-ichi Thiesen, Hughes TI Commissioning of the Low-beta Triplets of the Large Hadron Collider SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Inner triplets; LHC; quadrupole AB The low-beta triplets of the Large Hadron Collider were designed and constructed by a world-wide collaboration officially formed in 1998. Over the course of the following years the collaboration worked to produce the triplet components, including four 215 T/m, 70 mm aperture quadrupoles, a DFBX distribution feedbox, and at the low luminosity interaction points a cold D1 beam separation dipole. In 2005 the first triplet was installed in the LHC tunnel, and at the end of 2007 hardware commissioning of the first triplets started. As of August 2008 five triplets have been successfully powered. This paper documents the processes and experience gained during the commissioning phase of the LHC. C1 [Feher, Sandor; Darve, Christine; Kerby, James; Limon, Peter; Nicol, Thomas H.; Page, Thomas M.; Peterson, Thomas; Rabehl, Roger] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Denz, Reiner; Garion, Cedric; Mathot, Serge; Ostojic, Ranko; Perin, Antonio; Perez, Juan C.; Prin, Herve; Thiesen, Hughes] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Gicquel, Frederic] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sasaki, Ken-ichi] Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Feher, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM fehers@fnal.gov; darve@fnal.gov; reiner.denz@cern.ch; cedric.garion@cern.ch; fgicquel@lbl.gov; kerby@fnal.gov; pjlimon@fnal.gov; serge.mathot@cern.ch; tnicol@fnal.gov; Ranko.Ostojic@cern.ch; tpage@fnal.gov; antonio.perin@cern.ch; tommy@fnal.gov; Juan.Carlos.Perez@cern.ch; herve.prin@cern.ch; rabehl@fnal.gov; ken-ichi.sasaki@kek.jp; hughes.thiesen@cern.ch FU U. S. Department of Energy; CERN; KEK FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy, CERN, and KEK. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1244 EP 1248 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018821 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100038 ER PT J AU Lassiter, S Brindza, P Fowler, M Sun, E Markham, G AF Lassiter, Steven Brindza, Paul Fowler, Mike Sun, Eric Markham, Greg TI Structural Analysis of the SHMS Cosine Theta Superconducting Dipole Force Collar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Dipole; FEA analysis; force collar; superconducting magnet AB Jefferson Laboratory is developing a set of innovative superconducting magnets for the 12 GeV upgrade in JLAB Hall C. We will report on the finite element analysis (FEA) of the force collar for the Super High Momentum Spectrometer Cosine Theta Dipole magnet. The force collar is designed with an interference fit and intended to provide enough pressure after cool down to operating temperature to counteract Lorentz forces acting on the dipole coil during operation. By counteracting the Lorentz forces and keeping the coil pack in overall compression, movement of the coils is expected to be minimized. The dimensional geometry of the cold mass is maintained in the commercial solid modeling code UG/I-DEAS while the magnetic field design is maintained in the commercial TOSCA code from Vector Fields. The three dimensional FEA was conducted in the commercial codes ANSYS and IDEAS. The method for converting the models and calculating the loads transferred to the structure is discussed. The results show the cold mass response to: force collar assembly preload, differential thermal contraction, and operational Lorentz loads. Evaluations are made for two candidate force collar designs. C1 [Lassiter, Steven; Brindza, Paul; Fowler, Mike; Sun, Eric] JLAB, Jefferson Sci Associates, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Markham, Greg] NovaTech, Lynchburg, VA 24501 USA. RP Lassiter, S (reprint author), JLAB, Jefferson Sci Associates, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM lassiter@JLAB.org; brindza@JLAB.org; fowler@jlab.org; qsun@jlab.org; gmarkham@novatechusa.com FU US DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under US DOE Contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1298 EP 1302 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019222 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100051 ER PT J AU Brindza, PD Lassiter, S Fowler, M Milward, S Penfold, P Locke, R Allen, R Rajput-Ghoshal, R AF Brindza, Paul D. Lassiter, Steve Fowler, Mike Milward, Steve Penfold, Peter Locke, Russell Allen, Robin Rajput-Ghoshal, Renuka TI Coil Winding Experience for the Q1 Super Conducting Quadrupole for the Super High Momentum Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Coil winding; SC coil winding tooling; superconducting quadrupoles AB Trial Coil winding of full size coils for the Q1 magnet of the Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) for JLAB Hall C has been performed under contract by Scientific Magnets Inc. This effort was required to demonstrate that the unique Q1 Cold Iron Quadrupole shape can be executed with a Rutherford type SC cable. Details of the prototype winding tooling, conductor insulation scheme, coil former, the winding process including clamping and curing will be presented. Lessons learned from the initial set of windings were incorporated into the final trail windings of two complete full scale coils that can potentially be used in the actual magnet fabrication. The initial trial windings indicted that the coil end turns would benefit from additional support in the winding form and inclusion of a 5 degree shim along the first turn of the coil would be helpful in improving the fit up of the coils on the symmetry planes, leading to an improved end shape. These changes in coil shape were modeled in TOSCA and the resultant magnetic properties confirmed. The Q1 coils wound were tested for electrical properties, insulation effectiveness and dimensional consistency. Results from the three coils wound will be presented. C1 [Brindza, Paul D.; Lassiter, Steve; Fowler, Mike] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Milward, Steve; Penfold, Peter; Locke, Russell; Allen, Robin; Rajput-Ghoshal, Renuka] Sci Magnet, Culham Sci Ctr, Abingdon OX14 3DB, Oxon, England. RP Brindza, PD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM brindza@jlab.org; stevemilward@scientificmagnetics.co.uk FU Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U. S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX This work was supported by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U. S. DOE Contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1303 EP 1306 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019047 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100052 ER PT J AU Prestemon, S Trillaud, F Caspi, S Ferracin, P Sabbi, GL Lyneis, CM Leitner, D Todd, DS Hafalia, R AF Prestemon, S. Trillaud, F. Caspi, S. Ferracin, P. Sabbi, G. L. Lyneis, C. M. Leitner, D. Todd, D. S. Hafalia, R. TI Design of a Nb3Sn Magnet for a 4th Generation ECR Ion Source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE ECR ion source; Nb3Sn superconducting magnets AB The next generation of Electron Cyclotron Resonant (ECR) ion sources are expected to operate at a heating radio frequency greater than 40 GHz. The existing 3rd generation systems, exemplified by the state of the art system VENUS, operate in the 10-28 GHz range, and use NbTi superconductors for the confinement coils. The magnetic field needed to confine the plasma scales with the rf frequency, resulting in peak fields on the magnets of the 4th generation system in excess of 10 T. High field superconductors such as Nb3Sn must therefore be considered. The magnetic design of a 4th. generation ECR ion source operating at an rf frequency of 56 GHz is considered. The analysis considers both internal and external sextupole configurations, assuming commercially available Nb3Sn material properties. Preliminary structural design issues are discussed based on the forces and margins associated with the coils in the different configurations, leading to quantitative data for the determination of a final magnet design. C1 [Prestemon, S.; Trillaud, F.; Caspi, S.; Ferracin, P.; Sabbi, G. L.; Lyneis, C. M.; Leitner, D.; Todd, D. S.; Hafalia, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Prestemon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM soprestemon@lbl.gov; ftrillaud@lbl.gov; s_caspi@lbl.gov; pferracin@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; cmlyneis@lbl.gov; DLeitner@lbl.gov; DSTodd@lbl.gov; RRHafalia@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1336 EP 1339 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017719 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100060 ER PT J AU Wang, L Pan, H Xu, FY Liu, XK Chen, AB Li, LK Guo, XL Wu, H Green, MA Li, DR Strauss, BP AF Wang, Li Pan, H. Xu, F. Y. Liu, X. K. Chen, A. B. Li, L. K. Guo, X. L. Wu, H. Green, M. A. Li, D. R. Strauss, B. P. TI Design and Construction of Test Coils for MICE Coupling Solenoid Magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AC losses; cool down test; MICE magnet; quench; stress; winding system AB The superconducting coupling solenoid to be applied in the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is made from copper matrix Nb-Ti conductors with inner radius of 750 mm, length of 285 mm and thickness of 102.5 mm at room temperature. The magnetic field up to 2.6 T at the magnet centerline is to keep the muons within the MICE RF cavities. Its self inductance is around 592 H and its magnet stored energy is about 13 MJ at a full current of 210 A for the worst operation case of the MICE channel. The stress induced inside the coil during cool down and charging is relatively high. Two test coils are to build and test in order to validate the design method and develop the fabrication technique required for the coupling coil winding, one is 350 mm inner diameter and full length same as the coupling coil, and the other is one-quarter length and 1.5 m diameter. The 1.5 m diameter coil will be charged to strain conditions that are greater than would be encountered in the coupling coil. This paper presents detailed design of the test coils as well as developed winding skills. The analyses on stress in coil assemblies, AC loss, and quench process are carried out. C1 [Wang, Li; Pan, H.; Xu, F. Y.; Liu, X. K.; Chen, A. B.; Li, L. K.; Guo, X. L.; Wu, H.] Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Green, M. A.; Li, D. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Strauss, B. P.] US DOE, Off Sci, Germantown, MD USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM WangLi_icst@hit.edu.cn; magreen@lbl.gov FU Harbin Institute of Technology; US Department of Energy under DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Collaboration FX This work was supported by Funds of cryogenics and superconductivity technology innovation Project "985-2 Plan" of Harbin Institute of Technology. This work was also supported by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy under DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. DOE funding of the U.S. Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Collaboration is greatly appreciated. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1340 EP 1343 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018056 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100061 ER PT J AU Wang, L Xu, FY Wu, H Liu, XK Li, LK Guo, XL Pan, H Chen, AB Green, MA Li, DR Virostek, SP AF Wang, Li Xu, FengYu Wu, Hong Liu, XiaoKun Li, LanKai Guo, XingLong Pan, Heng Chen, AnBin Green, Michael Anthony Li, Derun R. Virostek, Steve P. TI Magnetic and Cryogenic Design of MICE Coupling Solenoid Magnet System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cold mass support; magnetic field; stress; superconducting solenoid AB The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment ( MICE) will demonstrate ionization cooling in a short section of a realistic cooling channel using a muon beam at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK. The coupling magnet is a superconducting solenoid mounted around four 201 MHz RF cavities, which produces magnetic field up to 2.6 T on the magnet centerline to keep muons within the iris of RF cavities windows. The coupling coil with inner radius of 750 mm, length of 285 mm and thickness of 102.5 mm will be cooled by a pair of 1.5 W at 4.2 K small coolers. This paper will introduce the updated engineering design of the coupling magnet made by ICST in China. The detailed analyses on magnetic fields, stresses induced during the processes of winding, cool down and charging, and cold mass support assembly are presented as well. C1 [Wang, Li; Xu, FengYu; Wu, Hong; Liu, XiaoKun; Li, LanKai; Guo, XingLong; Pan, Heng; Chen, AnBin] Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Green, Michael Anthony; Li, Derun R.; Virostek, Steve P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM wangli_icst@hit.edu.cn; xufy@hit.edu.cn; hitwuhong@163.com; liuxk@hit.edu.cn; jacklikai@yahoo.com.cn; gxlong@163.com; pan-heng@hit.edu.cn; chenab@hit.edu.cn; magreen@lbl.gov; dli@lbl.gov; spvirostek@lbl.gov FU Harbin Institute of Technology; US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by Funds of cryogenics and superconductivity technology innovation Project "985-2 Plan" of Harbin Institute of Technology and by the Office of Science, US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1344 EP 1347 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018217 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100062 ER PT J AU Wang, B Wahrer, B Taylor, C Xu, L Chen, JY Wang, M Juang, TK Zisman, MS Virostek, SP Green, MA AF Wang, Bert Wahrer, Bob Taylor, Clyde Xu, L. Chen, J. Y. Wang, M. Juang, Tiki Zisman, Michael S. Virostek, Steve P. Green, Michael A. TI The Design and Construction of the MICE Spectrometer Solenoids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Magnet cooling; magnet design; magnet fabrication AB The purpose of the MICE spectrometer solenoid is to provide a uniform field for a scintillating fiber tracker. The uniform field is produced by a long center coil and two short end coils. Together, they produce 4T field with a uniformity of better than 1% over a detector region of 1000 mm long and 300 mm in diameter. Throughout most of the detector region, the field uniformity is better than 0.3%. In addition to the uniform field coils, we have two match coils. These two coils can be independently adjusted to match uniform field region to the focusing coil field. The coil package length is 2544 mm. We present the spectrometer solenoid cold mass design, the powering and quench protection circuits, and the cryogenic cooling system based on using three cryocoolers with re-condensers. C1 [Zisman, Michael S.; Virostek, Steve P.; Green, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Taylor, Clyde; Chen, J. Y.; Wang, M.; Juang, Tiki] Wang NMR, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bert@wangnmr.com; ma-green@lbl.gov.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U. S. Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Collaboration FX This work was supported by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy DOE Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. DOE funding for the U. S. Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Collaboration is greatly appreciated. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1348 EP 1351 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018057 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100063 ER PT J AU Tartaglia, MA Orris, DF Terechkine, I Tompkins, JC AF Tartaglia, Michael A. Orris, Darryl F. Terechkine, Iouri Tompkins, John C. TI Test Results for HINS Focusing Solenoids at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Focusing; linac; magnet; performance; quench solenoid AB A focusing lens R&D program is close to completion and industrial production of magnets has begun. Two types of magnets are being built for use in the room temperature RF section at the front end of a superconducting H-minus linac of a High Intensity Neutrino Source. All of the magnets are designed as a solenoid with bucking coils to cancel the field in the vicinity of adjacent RF cavities, and one type incorporates steering dipole corrector coils. We present a summary of the predicted and measured quench and magnetic properties for both R&D and production device samples that have been tested at Fermilab. C1 [Tartaglia, Michael A.; Orris, Darryl F.; Terechkine, Iouri; Tompkins, John C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tartaglia, MA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tartaglia@fnal.gov; orris@fnal.gov; terechki@fnal.gov; jct@fnal.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1352 EP 1355 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019220 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100064 ER PT J AU Page, TM DiMarco, J Huang, YN Orris, DF Tartaglia, MA Terechkine, I Tompkins, JC AF Page, Thomas M. DiMarco, Joseph Huang, Yuenian Orris, Darryl F. Tartaglia, Michael A. Terechkine, Iouri Tompkins, John C. TI HINS Superconducting Lens and Cryostat Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Alignment; cool-down; cryostat; HINS; magnet; superconducting solenoid AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory is involved in the development of a 60 MeV superconducting linac. This linac is part of the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) R&D Program. The initial beam acceleration in the front end section of the linac is achieved using room temperature spoke cavities, each of which is combined with a superconducting focusing solenoid. These solenoid magnets are cooled with liquid helium at 4.5 K, operate at 250 A and have a maximum magnetic field strength of 7.5 T. A prototype solenoid cryostat was built and tested at the Fermilab Magnet Test Facility. This paper discusses the test results of the prototype and compares the measured and estimated performance of the cryostat. We also present the methods and results for measuring and fiducializing the axis of the solenoid lens. C1 [Page, Thomas M.; DiMarco, Joseph; Huang, Yuenian; Orris, Darryl F.; Tartaglia, Michael A.; Terechkine, Iouri; Tompkins, John C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Page, TM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tpage@fnal.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1356 EP 1359 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019221 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100065 ER PT J AU Guo, XL Xu, FY Wang, L Green, MA Pan, H Wu, H Liu, XK Jia, X Amm, K AF Guo, X. L. Xu, F. Y. Wang, L. Green, M. A. Pan, H. Wu, H. Liu, X. K. Jia, X. Amm, K. TI Quench Protection for the MICE Cooling Channel Coupling Magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Passive quench protection; quench back; subdivision protection; superconducting magnets ID BACK AB This paper describes the passive quench protection system selected for the muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) cooling channel coupling magnet. The MICE coupling magnet will employ two methods of quench protection simultaneously. The most important method of quench protection in the coupling magnet is the subdivision of the coil. Cold diodes and resistors are put across the subdivisions to reduce both the voltage to ground and the hot-spot temperature. The second method of quench protection is quench-back from the mandrel, which speeds up the spread of the normal region within the coils. Combining quench back with coil subdivision will reduce the hot spot temperature further. This paper explores the effect on the quench process of the number of coil sub-divisions, the quench propagation velocity within the magnet, and the shunt resistance. C1 [Guo, X. L.; Xu, F. Y.; Wang, L.; Pan, H.; Wu, H.; Liu, X. K.; Jia, X.] HIT, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Green, M. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amm, K.] Gen Elect Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Guo, XL (reprint author), HIT, Inst Cryogen & Superconduct Technol, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM magreen@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy DOE [DE-AC-02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the fund of cryogenics and superconductivity engineering technology innovation platform, the second phase of "985 Project" of Harbin Institute of Technology. This work was also supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy DOE Contract DE-AC-02-05CH11231. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1360 EP 1363 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018054 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100066 ER PT J AU Virostek, SP Green, MA Li, DR Zisman, MS Wang, ST Wahrer, R Taylor, C Lu, X Chen, JY Wang, MM Juang, TK AF Virostek, Steve P. Green, Michael Anthony Li, Derun Zisman, Michael S. Wang, S. T. Wahrer, R. Taylor, Clyde Lu, X. Chen, JiYu Wang, Mimi Juang, Tiki TI Preliminary Test Results for the MICE Spectrometer Superconducting Solenoids SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Superconducting solenoid; 4 K coolers ID DESIGN AB This report describes the MICE spectrometer solenoids as built. Each magnet consists of five superconducting coils. Two coils are used to tune the beam going from or to the MICE spectrometer from the rest of the MICE cooling channel. Three spectrometer coils (two end coils and a long center coil) are used to create a uniform 4 T field (to +/- 0.3 percent) over a length of 1.0 m within a diameter of 0.3 m. The three-coil spectrometer set is connected in series. The two end coils use small power supplies to tune the uniform field region where the scintillating fiber tracker is located. This paper will present the results of the preliminary testing of the first spectrometer solenoid. C1 [Virostek, Steve P.; Green, Michael Anthony; Li, Derun; Zisman, Michael S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, S. T.; Taylor, Clyde; Lu, X.; Chen, JiYu; Wang, Mimi; Juang, Tiki] Wang NMR, Livermore, CA USA. RP Virostek, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM spvi-rostek@lbl.gov; magreen@lbl.gov.gov; dli@lbl.gov; mszisman@lbl.gov; jiyu@yahoo.com; scmwang@yahoo.com; tiki2020@yahoo.com FU U.S. Department of Energy DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Collaboration FX This work was supported by the Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DOE funding for the U.S. Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Collaboration. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1364 EP 1367 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018805 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100067 ER PT J AU Apollinari, G Carcagno, RH Dimarco, J Huang, YN Kashikhin, VV Orris, DF Page, TM Rabehl, RR Sylvester, C Tartaglia, MA Terechkine, I Tompkins, JC Mustapha, B Ostroumov, P AF Apollinari, Giorgio Carcagno, Ruben H. Dimarco, Joseph Huang, Yuenian Kashikhin, Vadim V. Orris, Darryl F. Page, Thomas M. Rabehl, Roger R. Sylvester, Cosmore Tartaglia, Michael A. Terechkine, Iouri Tompkins, John C. Mustapha, Brahim Ostroumov, Peter TI HINS Linac Front End Focusing System R&D SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Alignment; cryostat; dipole; focusing; linac; magnet; solenoid ID SOLENOIDS AB This report summarizes current status of an R&D program to develop a focusing system for the front end of a superconducting RF linac. Superconducting solenoids will be used as focusing lenses in the low energy accelerating sections of the front end. The development of focusing lenses for the first accelerating section is in the production stage, and lens certification activities are in preparation at FNAL. The report contains information about the focusing lens design and performance, including solenoid, dipole corrector, and power leads, and about cryogenic system design and performance. It also describes the lens magnetic axis position measurement technique and discusses scope of an acceptance/certification process. C1 [Apollinari, Giorgio; Carcagno, Ruben H.; Dimarco, Joseph; Huang, Yuenian; Kashikhin, Vadim V.; Orris, Darryl F.; Page, Thomas M.; Rabehl, Roger R.; Sylvester, Cosmore; Tartaglia, Michael A.; Terechkine, Iouri; Tompkins, John C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Mustapha, Brahim; Ostroumov, Peter] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Apollinari, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM apollina@fnal.gov; ruben@fnal.gov; dimarco@fnal.gov; huangy@fnal.gov; vadim@fnal.gov; orris@fnal.gov; tpage@fnal.gov; rabehl@fnal.gov; sylvester@fnal.gov; tartaglia@fnal.gov; terechki@fnal.gov; jct@fnal.gov; mustapha@phy.anl.gov; ostroumov@phy.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1368 EP 1371 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019236 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100068 ER PT J AU Champion, MS Cooley, LD Ginsburg, CM Sergatskov, DA Geng, RL Hayano, H Iwashita, Y Tajima, Y AF Champion, Mark S. Cooley, Lance D. Ginsburg, Camille M. Sergatskov, Dmitri A. Geng, Rongli L. Hayano, Hitoshi Iwashita, Yoshihisa Tajima, Yujiro TI Quench-Limited SRF Cavities: Failure at the Heat-Affected Zone SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Superconducting cavity resonators; superconducting materials; welding AB With the recent progress in surface cleaning, the performance of superconducting RF cavities is mostly limited by a quench. It is important to understand the nature of the quench origin. In a common SRF cavity design the RF magnetic field is concentrated near the equatorial weld of the cavity. This weld has long been the major suspect in forming a surface defect, either as an impurity or in an increased surface roughness, that eventually gives rise to a quench. We used surface mounted thermometers to obtain a temperature map of the cavity in the quench region. A high temperature, temporal, and spatial resolution of the thermometry system allows us to pinpoint the quench origin with an accuracy of a few millimeters. We found that the hot-spot precursor forms in the weld heat-affected area rather than in the melted zone. The high resolution optical inspection found surface defects in exactly the same locations as the temperature mapping system. We will describe the measurement techniques and discuss possible scenarios of formation of these defects. C1 [Champion, Mark S.; Cooley, Lance D.; Ginsburg, Camille M.; Sergatskov, Dmitri A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Geng, Rongli L.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Hayano, Hitoshi] KEK, Ibaraki, Japan. [Iwashita, Yoshihisa] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Tajima, Yujiro] Toshiba Co Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Champion, MS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM champion@fnal.gov; ld-cooley@fnal.gov; ginsburg@fnal.gov; das@fnal.gov; geng@jlab.org; hitoshi.hayano@kek.jp; iwashita@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp; tajima@kyticr.kuicr.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015; OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980; Champion, Mark/0000-0002-5742-2568 FU DOE Office of Science FX This research was sponsored in part by DOE Office of Science. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1384 EP 1386 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019204 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100072 ER PT J AU Cooper, CA Wu, A Bauer, P Antoine, C AF Cooper, Charlie A. Wu, Andy Bauer, Pierre Antoine, Claire TI Effect of Different Cutting Techniques on the Surface Morphology and Composition of Niobium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cutting; materials processing; niobium; surface contamination AB The surface morphology and chemical purity of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) niobium cavities are very important for proper accelerator operation. Typically on the order of 120 micrometers of niobium (Nb) is removed from cavities to remove damage done during the forming of Nb sheets and cavities. A study was done to find the effect of cutting or finishing Nb with a band saw, diamond saw, electrical discharge machining (EDM) wire, garnet water jet, sheer, and mill. Surface contamination of the samples was measured before and after buffered chemical polish (BCP) by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and by measuring Relative Resistivity Ratios (RRRs). Surface morphology was examined with a digital microscope, a surface profilometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that all techniques altered the top 3-5 micrometers of the Nb. It was also found by SIMS that the water jet technique introduced the most hydrogen and oxygen to the Nb in the first 2.5 micrometers of the sample. The EDM wire cutting technique introduced the least amount of hydrogen to the Nb. After 5 micrometers were etched away by BCP on the various samples, no contaminants were found except on the water jet cut samples. Even after 20 micrometers of Nb removal silica could be seen on the surface with EDS. The water jet produced the roughest surface with 50-100 micrometer deep pits made from embedded garnet particles. It was found that the garnet water jet damages the surface to the point where even the typical 120 micrometers of BCP etching may not remove all the defects created. C1 [Cooper, Charlie A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Wu, Andy] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Bauer, Pierre] ITER Int Org, Tokamak Dept, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Antoine, Claire] CEA, DAPNIA SEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Cooper, CA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ccooper@fnal.gov; andywu@jlab.org; Pierre.bauer@iter.org; clairant@dapnia.cea.fr FU US DOE [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX This work was supported by Fermilab Research Alliance by US DOE Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1399 EP 1403 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018315 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100075 ER PT J AU Proslier, T Zasadzinski, J Cooley, L Pellin, M Norem, J Elam, J Antoine, CZ Rimmer, RA Kneisel, P AF Proslier, Thomas Zasadzinski, John Cooley, Lance Pellin, Michael Norem, Jim Elam, Jeffrey Antoine, Claire Z. Rimmer, Robert A. Kneisel, Peter TI Tunneling Study of SRF Cavity-Grade Niobium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Magnetism; niobium; RF cavity; tunneling spectroscopy ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILM GROWTH; SUPERCONDUCTOR; SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTANCE AB Niobium, with its very high H(C1), has been used in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities for accelerator systems for 40 years with continual improvement. The quality factor of cavities (Q) is governed by the surface impedance R(BCS), which depends on the quasiparticle gap, delta, and the superfluid density. Both of these parameters are seriously affected by surface imperfections (metallic phases, dissolved oxygen, magnetic impurities). Loss mechanism and surface treatments of Nb cavities found to improve the Q factor are still unsolved mysteries. We present here an overview of the capabilities of the point contact tunneling spectroscopy and Atomic layer deposition methods and how they can help understanding the High field Q-drop and the mild baking effect. Tunneling spectroscopy was performed on Nb pieces from the same processed material used to fabricate SRF cavities. Air exposed, electropolished Nb exhibited a surface superconducting gap Delta = 1.55 meV, characteristic of clean, bulk Nb, however the tunneling density of states (DOS) was broadened significantly. Nb pieces treated with the same mild baking used to improve the Q-slope in SRF cavities revealed a much sharper DOS. Good fits to the DOS are obtained using Shiba theory suggesting that magnetic scattering of quasiparticles is the origin of the degraded surface superconductivity and the Q-slope problem of Nb SRF cavities. C1 [Proslier, Thomas; Zasadzinski, John] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Cooley, Lance] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Pellin, Michael; Norem, Jim; Elam, Jeffrey] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60493 USA. [Antoine, Claire Z.] CEA Saclay, IRFU, F-91191 Orsay, France. [Rimmer, Robert A.; Kneisel, Peter] Thomas Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Proslier, T (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM prolier@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 FU US Department of Energy; Office of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Manuscript received August 15, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of High Energy Physics Grant DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1404 EP 1408 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018757 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100076 ER PT J AU Harms, E Hocker, A AF Harms, Elvin Hocker, Andy TI Performance of 3.9 GHz SRF Cavities at Fermilab's ILCTA_MDB Horizontal Test Stand SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Superconducting accelerator cavities; testing AB Fermilab is building a cryomodule containing four 3.9 GHz superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities for the Free electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) facility at the Deutsches Elektronen- SYnchrotron (DESY) laboratory. Before assembling the cavities into the cryomodule, each individual cavity is tested at Fermilab's Horizontal Test Stand (HTS). The HTS provides the capability to test fully-dressed SRF cavities at 1.8 K with high-power pulsed RF in order to verify that the cavities achieve performance requirements under these conditions. The performance at the HTS of the 3.9 GHz cavities built for FLASH is presented here. C1 [Harms, Elvin; Hocker, Andy] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Harms, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hocker@fnal.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1412 EP 1415 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017843 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100078 ER PT J AU Kneisel, P Ciovati, G Sekutowicz, J Turlington, L AF Kneisel, Peter Ciovati, Gianluigi Sekutowicz, Jacek Turlington, Larry TI Progress on the Development of a Superconducting Connection for Niobium Cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Niobium; niobium alloys; superconducting accelerator cavities; superconducting devices ID RF CONTACT AB The availability of a superconducting connection between adjacent niobium radio-frequency (RF) cavities with the capability to carry up to 30 mT of the magnetic flux would be particularly of great benefit to layouts of long accelerators like the International Linear Collider (ILC). It would shorten the distances between structures and therefore the total length of an accelerator with the associated cost reductions. In addition, the superconducting connection would be ideal for a superstructure-two multi-cell cavities connected through a half wavelength long beam pipe providing the coupling. Two single-cell niobium cavities have been designed with Nb-1Zr flanges welded to one of the irises to allow a connection between them with a niobium gasket. A transition to the normal-conducting state of the connection due to the applied RF field causes a reduction of the cavities' quality factor. The cavity design will be presented in this contribution along with possible choices of materials for the joint. C1 [Kneisel, Peter; Ciovati, Gianluigi; Turlington, Larry] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Sekutowicz, Jacek] DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. RP Kneisel, P (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM kneisel@jlab.org; jacek.sekutowicz@desy.de RI Sekutowicz, Jacek/A-6561-2013 FU US DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX Manuscript received August 17, 2008. First published June 23, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This manuscript has been authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under US DOE Contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. The US Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for US Government purposes. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1416 EP 1418 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019650 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100079 ER PT J AU Ginsburg, CM Reid, C Sergatskov, DA AF Ginsburg, Camille M. Reid, Clark Sergatskov, Dmitri A. TI Magnetic Shielding for the Fermilab Vertical Cavity Test Facility SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Magnetic shielding; superconducting cavity resonators AB A superconducting RF cavity has to be shielded from magnetic fields present during cool down below the critical temperature to avoid freezing in the magnetic flux at localized impurities, thereby degrading the cavity intrinsic quality factor. The magnetic shielding designed for the Fermilab vertical cavity test facility (VCTF), a facility for CW RF vertical testing of bare ILC 1.3 GHz 9-cell SRF cavities, was recently completed. For the magnetic shielding design, we used two cylindrical layers: a room temperature "outer" shield of Amumetal (80% Ni alloy), and a 2 K "inner" shield of Cryoperm 10. The magnetic and mechanical design of the magnetic shielding and measurement of the remanent magnetic field inside the shielding are described. C1 [Ginsburg, Camille M.; Reid, Clark; Sergatskov, Dmitri A.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ginsburg, CM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ginsburg@fnal.gov; creid@fnal.gov; das@fnal.gov FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; US DOE FX Manuscript received August 22, 2008. First published May 12, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. The work herein has been performed at Fermilab, which is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US DOE. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1419 EP 1422 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018234 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100080 ER PT J AU Champion, M Ginsburg, CM Lunin, A Moeller, WD Nehring, R Poloubotko, V AF Champion, Mark Ginsburg, Camille M. Lunin, Andrei Moeller, Wolf-Dietrich Nehring, Roger Poloubotko, Valeri TI The Variable Input Coupler for the Fermilab Vertical Cavity Test Facility SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cavities; couplers AB A variable input coupler has been designed for the Fermilab vertical cavity test facility (VCTF), a facility for testing bare 1.3 GHz 9-cell superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities at 2 K, to provide some flexibility in the test stand measurements. The variable coupler allows the cavity to be critically coupled for all tests, including all TM010 passband modes, which will simplify or make possible the measurement of those modes with very low end-cell fields, e.g., pi/9 mode. The variable coupler assembly mounts to the standard input coupler port on the cavity, and uses a cryogenic motor submerged in superfluid helium to control the antenna position. The RF and mechanical design and RF test results are described. C1 [Champion, Mark; Ginsburg, Camille M.; Lunin, Andrei; Nehring, Roger; Poloubotko, Valeri] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Moeller, Wolf-Dietrich] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. RP Champion, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. EM polub@fnal.gov OI Champion, Mark/0000-0002-5742-2568 FU Fermi Research Alliance, LLC [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; US Department of Energy FX Manuscript received August 22, 2008. First published May 12, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. The work herein has been performed at Fermilab, which is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the US Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1423 EP 1426 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018235 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100081 ER PT J AU Nicol, TH Lanfranco, G Ristori, L AF Nicol, Thomas H. Lanfranco, Giobatta Ristori, Leonardo TI High Intensity Neutrino Source Superconducting Spoke Resonator and Test Cryostat Design and Status SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Neutrino source; spoke resonators; superconducting resonators; test cryostat AB Fermilab is in the process of constructing a 60 MeV linac as part of the High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) R&D program. Developments from this program could play a direct role in an upgraded injector for the existing Main Injector at Fermilab to support the ongoing neutrino physics program. In addition this same R&D could lead to breakthroughs in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) technology useful in any of several large-scale SRF accelerator projects being discussed around the world. The initial beam acceleration in the linac front end is achieved using room temperature spoke resonators combined with superconducting solenoids for focusing. At the end of the room temperature section, three cryomodules containing either 9 or 11 single spoke resonators operating at 4.5 K and 325 MHz, also with superconducting solenoids, accelerate the H-test beam to its final energy. Each spoke cavity will be tested individually in a cryostat that replicates conditions in the longer multi-cavity modules. This test cryostat has all the features of the longer cryomodules-magnetic shielding, 80 K thermal shield, multi-layer insulation, support post, and input coupler. The goal is that by using common features we will facilitate the eventual design of the longer cryomodules. This paper describes the design of the test cryostat, the mechanical design of the spoke cavities and their helium vessels, and includes a detailed status of the development work [1], [2]. C1 [Nicol, Thomas H.; Ristori, Leonardo] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Lanfranco, Giobatta] Elettra Lab, Trieste, Italy. RP Nicol, TH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tnicol@fnal.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published May 27, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1432 EP 1435 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018257 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100083 ER PT J AU Apollinari, G Gonin, IV Khabiboulline, TN Lanfranco, G Mukherjee, A Ozelis, J Ristori, L Sergatstkov, D Wagner, R Webber, R AF Apollinari, Giorgio Gonin, Ivan V. Khabiboulline, Timergali N. Lanfranco, Giobatta Mukherjee, Aseet Ozelis, Joe Ristori, Leonardo Sergatstkov, Dmitri Wagner, Robert Webber, Robert TI Development of 325 MHz Single Spoke Resonators at Fermilab SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Accelerator cavities; niobium; superconducting cavity resonators; superconducting device fabrication; superconducting device testing AB The High Intensity Neutrino Source (HINS) project represents the current effort at Fermilab to produce an 8-GeV proton linac based on 400 independently phased superconducting cavities. Eighteen beta = 0.21 single spoke resonators, operating at 325 MHz, comprise the first stage of the linac cold section. In this paper we present the current status of the production and testing of the first two prototype cavities. This includes descriptions of the fabrication, frequency tuning, chemical polishing, high pressure rinse, and high-gradient cold tests. C1 [Apollinari, Giorgio; Gonin, Ivan V.; Khabiboulline, Timergali N.; Lanfranco, Giobatta; Mukherjee, Aseet; Ozelis, Joe; Ristori, Leonardo; Sergatstkov, Dmitri; Wagner, Robert; Webber, Robert] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Apollinari, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM apollina@fnal.gov; gonin@fnal.gov; khabibul@fnal.gov; giobatta@fnal.gov; aseet@fnal.gov; ozelis@fnal.gov; leoristo@fnal.gov; das@fnal.gov; wagner@fnal.gov; webber@fnal.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76CH03000] FX Manuscript received August 26, 2008. First published June 23, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-76CH03000. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1436 EP 1439 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017893 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100084 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, NN Hatfield, DR Miller, JR Gung, CY Schultz, JS Cheggour, N Goodrich, LF Bruzzone, P Stepanov, B Wesche, R Seeber, B AF Martovetsky, Nicolai N. Hatfield, Daniel R. Miller, John R. Gung, Chen-yu Schultz, Joel S. Cheggour, Najib Goodrich, Loren F. Bruzzone, Pierluigi Stepanov, Boris Wesche, Rainer Seeber, Bernd TI Test Results of the First US ITER TF Conductor in SULTAN SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Superconducting cables; superconducting device testing; superconducting materials measurements AB The US Domestic Agency is one of six parties supplying TF cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) for ITER. Previous tests have shown that measured performance of the TF CICCs can be much lower than expected from the strand properties at the projected uniaxial strain and that the cabling pattern may also be an important factor. Worst of all, voltage signals well below the expected critical surface could not be reliably interpreted or canceled, making test results very suspect. The TFUS1 sample was prepared to achieve multiple goals: 1) to ensure uniform current distribution and to eliminate parasitic voltage signals by improving joints, 2) to explore the potential benefits of a different cabling pattern for better support of strain-sensitive strands, and 3) to explore the source of voltage development in the cable through the use of innovative penetrating diagnostics. Test results of the first US-made samples are presented and discussed. C1 [Martovetsky, Nicolai N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hatfield, Daniel R.; Miller, John R.] ORNL, Oakland, TN USA. [Seeber, Bernd] Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Martovetsky, NN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM martovetskyn@ornl.gov; millerjr1@usiter.org; gung@psfc.mit.edu; cheggour@boulder.nist.gov; pierluigi.bruzzone@psi.ch; Bernd.Seeber@physics.unige.ch RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 FU US Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Manuscript received October 31, 2008. First published June 23, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1478 EP 1482 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018204 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100094 ER PT J AU Xu, T Painter, TA Weijers, HW Adkins, T Bole, S Eyssa, YM Lu, J Miller, JR Miller, GE Noyes, PD AF Xu, Ting Painter, Tom A. Weijers, Hubertus W. Adkins, Todd Bole, Scott Eyssa, Yehia M. Lu, Jun Miller, John R. Miller, George E. Noyes, Patrick D. TI Development and Testing of Electrical Joints for the 36-T Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Nb(3)Sn CICC; praying-hands joint; series-connected-hybrid-magnet; superconducting magnet AB Here, we report the development of the CICC joint design for the 36-T Series-Connected Hybrid Magnet. A novel solder-less single-box praying-hands joint has been designed to meet the mission of the SCH. A prototype sample joint, Florida Solder-less Joint A (FSJ-A), was manufactured and tested. The low DC resistance confirmed the feasibility of the concept design. In addition, a simple model describing the current transient behavior of the pray-hand joint is presented. A comparison with the experimental data is also included. C1 [Xu, Ting; Painter, Tom A.; Weijers, Hubertus W.; Adkins, Todd; Bole, Scott; Eyssa, Yehia M.; Lu, Jun; Miller, George E.; Noyes, Patrick D.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Miller, John R.] US ITER, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM tingxu@magnet.fsu.edu NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1604 EP 1607 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019224 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100123 ER PT J AU Thieme, CLH Gagnon, KJ Coulter, JY Song, H Schwartz, J AF Thieme, C. L. H. Gagnon, K. J. Coulter, J. Y. Song, H. Schwartz, J. TI Stability of Second Generation HTS Pancake Coils at 4.2 K for High Heat Flux Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE High magnetic fields; high-temperature superconductors; stability; superconducting coils AB We explored high magnetic field superconducting properties and stability at 4.2 K of Second Generation High Temperature Superconductors using both short conductors and small pancake coils. Short lengths of conductor were tested at 4.2 K and 0-25 T in parallel and perpendicular fields, demonstrating an overall critical current of 420 A/mm(2) in a parallel field of 25 T. A 56 m length of wire was carefully characterized for performance along the length in self-field at 77 K, and in 10 m lengths at 75 K and a 0.52 T field oriented parallel and perpendicular to the face of the conductor. These characterized lengths were made into small pancake coils which were equipped with a central heater, voltage taps and taps for thermocouples. We report on the stability testing at 4.2 K of one of these coils. C1 [Thieme, C. L. H.; Gagnon, K. J.] Amer Superconductor, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Coulter, J. Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Song, H.; Schwartz, J.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Schwartz, J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Thieme, CLH (reprint author), Amer Superconductor, Devens, MA 01434 USA. EM cthieme@amsc.com; kgagnon@mail.chem.tamu.edu; jycoulter@lanl.gov; hsong@magnet.fsu.edu; schwartz@magnet.fsu.edu RI Schwartz, Justin/D-4124-2009; Gagnon, Kevin/C-1247-2009 OI Schwartz, Justin/0000-0002-7590-240X; FU US Department of Energy FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1626 EP 1632 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017914 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100128 ER PT J AU Gouge, MJ Duckworth, RC Demko, JA Rey, CM Thompson, JR Lindsay, DL Tolbert, JC Willen, D Lentge, H Thidemann, C Kledal, ID Carter, WL AF Gouge, Michael J. Duckworth, R. C. Demko, J. A. Rey, C. M. Thompson, J. R. Lindsay, D. L. Tolbert, J. C. Willen, D. Lentge, H. Thidemann, C. Kledal, I. D. Carter, W. L. TI Testing of 3-Meter Prototype Fault Current Limiting Cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE High-temperature superconductors; power transmission lines; superconducting cables AB Two 3-m long, single-phase cables have been fabricated by Ultera from second generation (2G) superconductor wire supplied by American Superconductor. The first cable was made with two layers of 2G tape conductor and had a critical current of 5,750 A while the second cable had four layers and a critical current of 8,500 A. ACloss was measured for both cables at ac currents of up to 4 kA(rms). Ultera performed initial fault current studies of both cables in Denmark with limited currents in the range from 9.1 to 44 kA. Results from these tests will provide a basis for a 25-m long, three-phase, prototype cable to be tested at ORNL early next year and a 300-m long, fault current limiting, superconducting cable to be installed in a Consolidated Edison substation in New York City. C1 [Gouge, Michael J.; Duckworth, R. C.; Demko, J. A.; Rey, C. M.; Thompson, J. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lindsay, D. L.; Tolbert, J. C.] Southwire Co, Carrollton, GA 30119 USA. [Carter, W. L.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Kledal, I. D.] Univ Copenhagen, Coll Engn, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Gouge, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gougemj@ornl.gov; DAVID_LINDSAY@southwire.com; dag.willen@nktcables.dk; BCarter@amsc.com FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-08-X-00062] FX This work was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate, under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-08-X-00062 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1744 EP 1747 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018310 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100153 ER PT J AU Demko, JA Duckworth, RC AF Demko, Jonathan A. Duckworth, Robert C. TI Cooling Configuration Design Considerations for Long-Length HTS Cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE High-temperature superconductors; power cables; power cable thermal factors; superconducting cables ID AC LOSS; CONDUCTORS; LOSSES; SYSTEM AB Recent successes in demonstrating high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems hundreds of meters in length have inspired even longer length projects. A compact and energy efficient cooling configuration can be achieved using a counterflow-cooling arrangement. This is particularly attractive when all three phases are contained in a single cryostat because of the elimination of the space and thermal requirements of a separate liquid nitrogen return line. Future cable projects will utilize second generation (2G) wire which is expected to become lower in cost but may have different thermal requirements than first generation (1G) BSCCO wire due to the lower critical temperature and to a lesser extent, the lower thermal conductivity of the wire. HTS cable configurations are studied with a numerical model to assess thermal hydraulic performance with AC and thermal losses; a summary of the results from the analysis will be presented. An analysis of the cable thermal-hydraulic response to over-current faults will be presented. C1 [Demko, Jonathan A.; Duckworth, Robert C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Demko, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM demkoja@ornl.gov; duckworthrc@ornl.gov FU US Department of Energy; Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1752 EP 1755 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018453 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100155 ER PT J AU James, DR Sauers, I Ellis, AR Tuncer, E Gouge, MJ Demko, JA Duckworth, RC Rey, CM AF James, D. R. Sauers, Isidor Ellis, Alvin R. Tuncer, Enis Gouge, Michael J. Demko, Jonathan A. Duckworth, Robert C. Rey, Chris M. TI Qualification High Voltage Testing of Short Triax HTS Cables in the Laboratory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Dielectric breakdown; partial discharges; power cable testing; superconducting cables AB In order to qualify the electrical insulation design of future HTS cables installed in the electric grid, a number of high voltage qualification tests are generally performed in the laboratory on either single-phase model cables and/or actual three-phase cable samples. Prior to installation of the 200-m Triax HTS cable at the American Electric Power Bixby substation near Columbus, Ohio, in September, 2006, such tests were conducted on both single-phase model cables made at ORNL and tri-axial cable sections cut off from cable made on a production run. The three-phase tri-axial design provides some specific testing challenges since the ground shield and three phases are concentric about a central former with each phase separated by dielectric tape insulation immersed in liquid nitrogen. The samples were successfully tested and qualified for partial discharge inception, ac withstand, and lightning impulse where voltage is applied to one phase with the other phases grounded. In addition one of the phase pairs was tested for dc withstand as a "worst case" scenario to simulate the effect of VLF (Very Low Frequency) tests on the actual cable installed at the Bixby site. The model and prototype cables will be described and the high voltage test results summarized. C1 [James, D. R.; Sauers, Isidor; Ellis, Alvin R.; Tuncer, Enis; Gouge, Michael J.; Demko, Jonathan A.; Duckworth, Robert C.; Rey, Chris M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP James, DR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jamesdr@ornl.gov; sauersi@ornl.gov; el-lisar@ornl.gov; tuncere@ornl.gov; gougemj@ornl.gov; demkoja@ornl.gov; duckworthrc@ornl.gov; reycm@ornl.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1762 EP 1765 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019646 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100157 ER PT J AU Neumueller, HW Schmidt, W Kraemer, HP Otto, A Maguire, J Yuan, J Folts, D Romanosky, W Gamble, B Madura, D Malozemoff, AP Lallouet, N Ashworth, SP Willis, JO Ahmed, S AF Neumueller, Heinz-Werner Schmidt, Wolfgang Kraemer, Hans-Peter Otto, Alex Maguire, Jim Yuan, Jie Folts, Doug Romanosky, Walter Gamble, Bruce Madura, David Malozemoff, Alex P. Lallouet, Nicolas Ashworth, Stephen P. Willis, Jeffrey O. Ahmed, Syed TI Development of Resistive Fault Current Limiters Based on YBCO Coated Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Fault current limiter; high temperature superconductor (HTS); power distribution; transmission networks; YBCO AB All over the world there is a growing need for current limiting devices in electrical networks with steadily increasing power demands and fault currents. Production of YBCO coated conductors (CCs) paves the way for the economic viability of superconducting fault current limiters (FCLs) both in power distribution and transmission networks. In a cooperation between AMSC and Siemens the limiting capability of YBCO CCs has been investigated and was demonstrated in a successful laboratory test of a 2.2 MVA medium voltage FCL. This device is based on bifilar coils as switching elements and corresponds to one phase of a 3-phase FCL designed for the 13 kV-class distribution voltage level. In more than 40 switching tests at voltages up to 7.7 kV the device showed excellent limiting performance. Presently this cooperation has entered a new DOE funded joint project that encompasses the design, construction and test of a 115 kV FCL for power transmission within a time frame of 4-5 years and additional partners. AMSC as the project leader is responsible for wire manufacturing, system integration and cryogenics. Siemens' main task is switching modules development, Nexans contributes the high voltage terminations and Los Alamos National Lab investigates AC losses. Installation and testing are planned for a Southern California Edison substation. A project overview and progress under the first phase will be reported. C1 [Neumueller, Heinz-Werner; Schmidt, Wolfgang; Kraemer, Hans-Peter] Siemens Corp Technol, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Otto, Alex; Maguire, Jim; Yuan, Jie; Folts, Doug; Romanosky, Walter; Gamble, Bruce; Madura, David; Malozemoff, Alex P.] Amer Superconductor, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Lallouet, Nicolas] Nexans France, Calais, France. [Ashworth, Stephen P.; Willis, Jeffrey O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ahmed, Syed] So Calif Edison 2244 Rosemead, Rosemead, CA 91771 USA. RP Neumueller, HW (reprint author), Siemens Corp Technol, CT PS 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM heinz-werner.neumueller@siemens.com FU US Department of Energy [DE-FC26-07NT43243] FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-FC26-07NT43243, M. Sciulli, Program Manager. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 1950 EP 1955 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017902 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100203 ER PT J AU Godeke, A Cheng, DW Dietderich, DR Hannaford, CR Prestemon, SO Sabbi, G Wang, XR Hikichi, Y Nishioka, J Hasegawa, T AF Godeke, Arno Cheng, D. W. Dietderich, Daniel R. Hannaford, C. R. Prestemon, Soren O. Sabbi, GianLuca Wang, X. R. Hikichi, Y. Nishioka, J. Hasegawa, T. TI Progress in Wind-and-React Bi-2212 Accelerator Magnet Technology SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Accelerator magnets; Bi-2212; high temperature superconductors; YBCO ID DIPOLE MAGNET; NB3SN; SOLENOIDS; DESIGN AB We report on our progress in the development of the technology for the application of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+x) (Bi-2212) in Wind-and-React accelerator magnets. A series of superconducting subscale coils has been manufactured at LBNL and reacted at the wire manufacturer SWCC. Selected coils are impregnated and tested in self-field, even though the coils exhibited leakage during the partial melt heat treatment. Other coils have been disassembled after reaction and submitted to critical current (I(c)) tests on individual cable sections. We report on the results of the current carrying capacity of the coils. Voltage-current (V I) transitions were reproducibly measured up to a quench currents around 1400 A, which is 25% of the expected performance. The results indicate that the coils are limited by the inner windings. We further compare possibilities to use Bi-2212 and Nb(3)Sn tilted solenoid, and YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) racetrack inserts to increase the magnetic field in HD2, a 36 mm bore Nb(3)Sn dipole magnet which recently achieved a bore magnetic field of 13.8 T. The application of Bi-2212 and/or YBCO in accelerator type magnets, if successful, will open the road to higher magnetic fields, far surpassing the limitations of Nb(3)Sn magnet technology. C1 [Godeke, Arno; Cheng, D. W.; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Hannaford, C. R.; Prestemon, Soren O.; Sabbi, GianLuca; Wang, X. R.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hikichi, Y.; Nishioka, J.; Hasegawa, T.] SWCC Showa Cable Syst, Kanagawa 2291133, Japan. RP Godeke, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM agodeke@lbl.gov; DWCheng@lbl.gov; drdietderich@lbl.gov; RHannaford@lbl.gov; SO-Prestemon@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; XRWang@lbl.gov; y.hikichi367@cs.swcc.co.jp; j.nishioka224@cs.swcc.co.jp; t.hasegawa353@cs.swcc.co.jp RI Wang, Xiaorong/D-5311-2009; OI Wang, Xiaorong/0000-0001-7065-8615 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Manuscript received August 26, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, High Energy Physics, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2228 EP 2231 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018070 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100267 ER PT J AU Rey, CM Duckworth, RC Zhang, Y AF Rey, Chris M. Duckworth, R. C. Zhang, Y. TI Splice Resistance Measurements on 2G YBCO Coated Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Coated conductor; critical current; splice; YBCO ID JOINT; TAPES AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been investigating the electrical splice resistance of second-generation (2G) YBCO coated conductor. The purpose of the experimental investigation is to study the splice resistance of 2G YBCO coated conductor as a function of: a) operating temperature, b) magnetic field strength (B-field), and c) magnetic field orientation (theta). Understanding the splice resistance with its corresponding variation as a function of surface preparation and operating conditions is essential to the practical implementation of electric utility devices; e. g., motors, generators, transformers, cables, and fault-current limiters, etc. Preliminary test results indicate that the 2G YBCO splice resistance shows a weak temperature dependence and a significantly stronger dependence upon magnetic field strength and magnetic field orientation. Surface preparation conditions are also briefly discussed. C1 [Rey, Chris M.; Duckworth, R. C.; Zhang, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rey, CM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM reycm@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory [AC0500OR22725] FX Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published June 23, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. Research sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems under Contract DE-AC0500OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2317 EP 2320 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019535 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100289 ER PT J AU Trillaud, F Prestemon, S Schlueter, RD Marks, S AF Trillaud, F. Prestemon, S. Schlueter, R. D. Marks, S. TI Design of a Cryogenic Calorimeter for Synchrotron Light Source Beam-Based Heating SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Calorimeter; Nb(3)Sn electromagnets; synchrotron light source AB Superconducting insertion devices using Nb(3)Sn conductors offer the potential of higher brightness photon beams and enhanced spectral range over existing permanent magnet technology. However, Nb(3)Sn is a low temperature superconductor that must be operated at temperatures near 4.2 K. At these temperatures, any small heat dissipation can potentially be sufficient to lose the superconducting state of a section of a superconducting electromagnet. To quantify the amount of power deposited on the winding emanating from beam-induced heating on a storage ring, we propose a diagnostic calorimeter that will be temporarily integrated into the synchrotron ring. The design of the calorimeter is discussed and the various heat input sources, expected to disturb the operation of a superconducting electromagnet, are reviewed. C1 [Trillaud, F.; Prestemon, S.; Schlueter, R. D.; Marks, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Trillaud, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM FTrillaud@lbl.gov FU Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Manuscript received August 26, 2008. First published June 26, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2321 EP 2324 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018214 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100290 ER PT J AU Lizarazo, J Doering, D Doolittle, L Galvin, J Caspi, S Dietderich, DR Felice, H Ferracin, P Godeke, A Joseph, JM Lietzke, AF Ratti, A Sabbi, G Trillaud, F Wang, XR Zimmerman, S AF Lizarazo, Juan Doering, Dionisio Doolittle, Lawrence Galvin, James Caspi, Shlomo Dietderich, Daniel R. Felice, Helene Ferracin, Paolo Godeke, Arno Joseph, J. M. Lietzke, A. F. Ratti, Alessandro Sabbi, GianLuca Trillaud, Frederic Wang, X. R. Zimmerman, Sergio TI Use of High Resolution DAQ System to Aid Diagnosis of HD2b, a High Performance Nb3Sn Dipole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE HD2; Nb3Sn; superconducting magnets ID VOLTAGE TRANSIENTS; MAGNETS AB A novel voltage monitoring system to record voltage transients in superconducting magnets is being developed at LBNL [1]. This system has 160 monitoring channels capable of measuring differential voltages of up to 1.5 kV with 100 kHz bandwidth and 500 kS/s digitizing rate. This paper presents analysis results from data taken with a 16 channel prototype system. From that analysis we were able to diagnose a change in the current-temperature margin of the superconducting cable by analysing Flux-Jump data collected after a magnet energy extraction failure during testing of a high field Nb3Sn dipole. C1 [Lizarazo, Juan; Doering, Dionisio; Doolittle, Lawrence; Galvin, James; Caspi, Shlomo; Dietderich, Daniel R.; Felice, Helene; Ferracin, Paolo; Godeke, Arno; Joseph, J. M.; Lietzke, A. F.; Ratti, Alessandro; Sabbi, GianLuca; Trillaud, Frederic; Wang, X. R.; Zimmerman, Sergio] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lizarazo, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jlizarazo@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Manuscript received August 27, 2008. First published June 30, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2345 EP 2349 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019036 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100296 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR Pace, M More, KL Sathyamurthy, S Woodward, J Rondinone, AJ AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. Pace, Marshall More, Karren L. Sathyamurthy, Srivatsan Woodward, Jonathan Rondinone, Adam J. TI Nanodielectrics for Cryogenic Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic dielectrics; nanodielectrics; structural characterization ID BREAKDOWN AB In this paper we report the recent advances in nanodielectrics that were developed and tested for cryogenic dielectric applications. The systems studied are composed of nanometer size particles. Particles were produced using either an ex-situ or in-situ technique. It is observed that there are clear differences in the structural properties of materials produced using these two approaches. Either no significant degradation or improvement in the electrical insulation properties were observed for ex-situ nano-particle samples processed with an ultrasonic processor and in-situ nano-particle samples. Nanodielectrics have the potential to be tailored with better thermal and mechanical properties without losing their electrical insulation characteristics. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Sauers, Isidor; James, D. Randy; Ellis, Alvin R.; More, Karren L.; Woodward, Jonathan; Rondinone, Adam J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pace, Marshall] Univ Tennessee, Comp & Elect Engn Dept, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Sathyamurthy, Srivatsan] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tuncere@ornl.gov; sauersi@ornl.gov; jamesdr@ornl.gov; ellisar@ornl.gov; pace@ece.utk.edu; morekl1@ornl.gov; ssathyamurthy@amsc.com; woodwardjd@ornl.gov; rondi-noncaj@ornl.gov RI Rondinone, Adam/F-6489-2013; More, Karren/A-8097-2016; OI Rondinone, Adam/0000-0003-0020-4612; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097; Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; UT-Battelle, LLC FX Manuscript received August 16, 2008. First published June 26, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. Research sponsored by the US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2354 EP 2358 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018198 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100298 ER PT J AU Tuncer, E Sauers, I James, DR Ellis, AR AF Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor James, D. Randy Ellis, Alvin R. TI Electrical Insulation Characteristics of Glass Fiber Reinforced Resins SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Dielectric strength; fiber reinforced resin; G10; high voltage breakdown; impulse ID DIELECTRIC MATERIALS AB Non-metallic structural materials that act as an electrical insulation are needed for cryogenic power applications. One of the extensively utilized materials is glass fiber reinforced resins (GFRR) and may also be known as GFRP and FRP. They are created from glass fiber cloth that are impregnated with an epoxy resin under pressure and heat. Although the materials based on GFRR have been employed extensively, reports about their dielectric properties at cryogenic temperatures and larger thicknesses are generally lacking in the literature. Therefore to guide electrical apparatus designers for cryogenic applications, GFRR samples with different thicknesses are tested in a liquid nitrogen bath. Scaling relation between the dielectric breakdown strength and the GFFR thickness is established. Their loss tangents are also reported at various frequencies. C1 [Tuncer, Enis; Sauers, Isidor; James, D. Randy; Ellis, Alvin R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tuncer, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sauersi@ornl.gov OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Manuscript received August 16, 2008. First published June 10, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. Research sponsored by the US Department of Energy-Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2359 EP 2362 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018748 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100299 ER PT J AU Walsh, JK Hooker, MW Lizotte, MJ Tuncer, E Sauers, I AF Walsh, Jennifer K. Hooker, Mathew W. Lizotte, Mark J. Tuncer, Enis Sauers, Isidor TI Nanocomposite Insulation for HTS Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic; dielectric; HTS; nanomaterials ID POWER CABLE; TERMINATION AB High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable technology is rapidly developing for use in the areas of power generation and distribution. While significant progress has been made thus far in developing this technology, further effort is needed to improve the efficiency and cost of dielectric materials for use in these systems. These materials must be compatible with cryogenic operation, exhibit excellent dielectric properties at cryogenic temperatures, and provide a high level of reliability when in service. Moreover, the dielectric materials must be able to be produced into complex forms using cost-effective, industrially scalable processes. To improve upon current fiber-reinforced-polymer composite dielectric materials, the present study investigates the advantages of including nanomaterial reinforcement within the polymer resins. It was found that the nanomaterial additions did not greatly impact the polymer viscosity or increase the cure rate, which enables the nanomaterial-enhanced polymer to be used in fabricating fiber-reinforced composite dielectric materials. The nanomaterial-enhanced composite dielectric materials demonstrated greater than 60% higher AC dielectric breakdown strengths and improved consistency of performance compared to the current standard, G10. Similarly, shear and compression strengths of nanomaterial-enhanced composite dielectric materials compared well with those of G10. C1 [Walsh, Jennifer K.; Hooker, Mathew W.; Lizotte, Mark J.] Composite Technol Dev Inc, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. [Tuncer, Enis; Sauers, Isidor] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Walsh, JK (reprint author), Composite Technol Dev Inc, Lafayette, CO 80026 USA. EM Matt.Hooker@ctd-ma-terials.com OI Tuncer, Enis/0000-0002-9324-4324 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER84711] FX Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-07ER84711. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2363 EP 2366 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019140 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100300 ER PT J AU Breschi, M Trevisani, L Bottura, L Devred, A Trillaud, F AF Breschi, Marco Trevisani, Luca Bottura, Luca Devred, Arnaud Trillaud, Frederic TI Effects of the Nb3Sn Wire Cross Section Configuration on the Thermal Stability Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Nb3Sn wire; normal zone propagation velocity; quench energy; thermal stability; transverse conductivity ID MINIMUM QUENCH ENERGY; SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES; STRANDS AB The thermal and electrical conductivities of the normal matrix of LTS wires have a remarkable influence on the wire stability. In particular, in Nb3Sn wires, a bronze matrix in the region of the superconducting filaments may act as a thermal and electrical barrier between the filaments and the copper matrix. This phenomenon is analyzed here through a numerical model accounting for these thermal and electrical transverse resistances. The model is applied to a parametric analysis of the effect of the main properties of the wire matrix on the quench energy and velocity. A 2D analysis of the wire cross section is applied to investigate how a configuration change could improve the wire stability. C1 [Breschi, Marco; Trevisani, Luca] Univ Bologna, Dept Elect Engn, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Bottura, Luca] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Devred, Arnaud] ITER I O, Cadarache, France. [Trillaud, Frederic] LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Breschi, M (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Elect Engn, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. EM marco.breschi@mail.ing.unibo.it; luca.trevisani@mail.ing.unibo.it; luca.bottura@cern.ch; arnaud.devred@iter.org NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2432 EP 2436 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017875 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100317 ER PT J AU Rahimzadeh-Kalaleh, S Ambrosio, G Chlachidze, G Donnelly, C Tartaglia, M AF Rahimzadeh-Kalaleh, Said Ambrosio, Giorgio Chlachidze, Guram Donnelly, Conor Tartaglia, Michael TI Analysis of Voltage Spikes in Superconducting Nb3Sn Magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Flux jump; magnet; niobium-tin; superconducting; voltage spike ID ACCELERATOR MAGNETS; QUADRUPOLE; LARP AB Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has been developing a new generation of superconducting accelerator magnets based on Niobium Tin (Nb3Sn). The performance of these magnets is influenced by thermo-magnetic instabilities, known as flux jumps, which can lead to premature trips of the quench detection system due to large voltage transients or quenches at low current. In an effort to better characterize and understand these instabilities, a system for capturing fast voltage transients was developed and used in recent tests of R&D model magnets. A new automated voltage spike analysis program was developed for the analysis of large amount of voltage-spike data. We report results from the analysis of large statistics data samples for short model magnets that were constructed using MJR and RRP strands having different sub-element size and structure. We then assess the implications for quench protection of Nb3Sn magnets. C1 [Rahimzadeh-Kalaleh, Said] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. [Ambrosio, Giorgio; Chlachidze, Guram; Tartaglia, Michael] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Donnelly, Conor] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA. RP Rahimzadeh-Kalaleh, S (reprint author), Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Daytona Beach, FL 32114 USA. EM rahimd0c@erau.edu RI R. K. Rodriguez, Said/H-7506-2014 OI R. K. Rodriguez, Said/0000-0001-8124-7643 FU Summer Internships in Science and Technology at Fermilab FX This work was supported in part by the Summer Internships in Science and Technology at Fermilab. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2442 EP 2445 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017876 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100319 ER PT J AU Kashikhin, VV Bossert, R Chlachidze, G Lamm, M Novitski, I Zlobin, AV AF Kashikhin, Vadim V. Bossert, Rodger Chlachidze, Guram Lamm, Michael Novitski, Igor Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Quench Margin Measurement in Nb3Sn Quadrupole Magnet SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Quench limit; stability; superconducting accelerator magnets; temperature margin; thermal modeling ID MODEL AB One of the possible practical applications of the Nb3Sn accelerator magnets is the LHC luminosity upgrade that involves replacing the present NbTi focusing quadrupoles in two high-luminosity interaction regions (IR). The IR magnets are exposed to strong radiation from the interaction point that requires a detailed investigation of the magnet operating margins under the expected radiation-induced heat depositions. This paper presents the results of simulation and measurement of quench limits and temperature margins for a Nb3Sn model magnet using a special midplane strip heater. C1 [Kashikhin, Vadim V.; Bossert, Rodger; Chlachidze, Guram; Lamm, Michael; Novitski, Igor; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kashikhin, VV (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM vadim@fnal.gov; bossert@fnal.gov; guram@fnal.gov; lamm@fnal.gov; novitski@fnal.gov; zlobin@fnal.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2454 EP 2457 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019290 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100322 ER PT J AU Felice, H Ambrosio, G Chlachidze, G Ferracin, P Hafalia, R Hannaford, RC Joseph, JM Lietzke, AF McInturff, AD Muratore, JF Prestemon, S Sabbi, GL Schmalzle, J Wanderer, P Wang, XR AF Felice, Helene Ambrosio, Giorgio Chlachidze, Guram Ferracin, Paolo Hafalia, R. Hannaford, R. C. Joseph, J. M. Lietzke, A. F. McInturff, Al D. Muratore, Joseph F. Prestemon, Soren Sabbi, Gian Luca Schmalzle, Jesse Wanderer, Peter Wang, X. R. TI Instrumentation and Quench Protection for LARP Nb3Sn Magnets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Instrumentation; LARP; Nb3Sn; protection heaters; quench protection; superconducting magnets ID DESIGN AB The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) is developing Nb3Sn prototype quadrupoles for the LHC interaction region upgrades. Several magnets have been tested within this program and understanding of their behavior and performance is a primary goal. The instrumentation is consequently a key consideration, as is protection of the magnet during quenches. In all LARP magnets, the flexible circuits traces combine the instrumentation and the protection heaters. Their fabrication relies on printed circuit technology based on a laminate made of a 45-micron thick kapton sheet and a 25-micron thick foil of stainless steel. This paper reviews the protection heaters designs used in the TQ (Technology Quadrupole) and LR (Long Racetrack) series as well as the one used in LBNL HD2a high field dipole and presents the design of the traces for the Long Quadrupole (LQ), addressing challenges associated with the stored energy and the length of the magnet. C1 [Felice, Helene; Ferracin, Paolo; Hafalia, R.; Hannaford, R. C.; Joseph, J. M.; Lietzke, A. F.; Prestemon, Soren; Sabbi, Gian Luca; Wang, X. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ambrosio, Giorgio; Chlachidze, Guram] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [McInturff, Al D.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Muratore, Joseph F.; Schmalzle, Jesse; Wanderer, Peter] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Felice, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HFelice@lbl.gov; giorgioa@fnal.gov; guram@fnal.gov; pfer-racin@lbl.gov; RRHafalia@lbl.gov; RHannaford@lbl.gov; JMJoseph@lbl.gov; AFLietzke@lbl.gov; mcinturff@phyacc.tamu.edu; muratore@bnl.gov; SOPrestemon@lbl.gov; GLSabbi@lbl.gov; Jesses@bnl.gov; wanderer@bnl.gov; XR-Wang@lbl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy Physics Division, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2458 EP 2462 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019062 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100323 ER PT J AU Yamada, R Wake, M Kikuchi, A Velev, V AF Yamada, Ryuji Wake, Masayoshi Kikuchi, Akihiro Velev, Vesselin TI Magnetization, Low Field Instability and Quench of RHQT Nb3Al Strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE FEM; instability; magnetization; Nb3Al strand ID ACCELERATOR MAGNET; RUTHERFORD CABLE; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Since 2005, we made and tested three RHQT Nb3Al strands, one with Nb matrix and two with Ta matrix, which are fully stabilized with Cu electroplating. We observed anomalously large magnetization curves extending beyond 1 to 1.5 Tesla with the F1 Nb matrix strand at 4.2 K, when we measured its magnetization with a balanced coil magnetometer. This problem was eliminated with the Ta matrix strands operating at 4.2 K. But with these strands a similar but smaller anomalous magnetization was observed at 1.9 K. We studied these phenomena with FEM. With the F1 Nb matrix strand, it is explained that at low external field, inter-filamentary coupling currents in the outer layers of sub-elements create a shielding effect. It reduces the inside field, keeps the inside Nb matrix superconductive, and stands against a higher outside field beyond the Hc of Nb. At an even higher external field, the superconductivity of the whole Nb matrix collapses and releases a large amount of energy, which may cause a big quench. Depending on the size of the energy in the strand or the cable, a magnet could quench, causing the low field instability. Some attempt to analyze the anomaly with FEM is presented. C1 [Yamada, Ryuji; Velev, Vesselin] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Wake, Masayoshi] High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Kikuchi, Akihiro] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. RP Yamada, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM yamada@fnal.gov; wake@post.kek.jp; KIKUCHI.Aki-hiro@nims.go.jp; vesselin@fnal.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2477 EP 2480 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018111 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100327 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Susner, M Collings, EW Dietderich, DR Barzi, E Turrioni, D Yamada, R Zlobin, AV AF Sumption, Mike D. Susner, Mike Collings, Edward W. Dietderich, Daniel R. Barzi, Emanuela Turrioni, Daniel Yamada, Ryuji Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Effect of Cable Edge Deformation on RRR and Magnetization of Strands Extracted From Nb3Sn Rutherford-Type Cables SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE d(eff); Nb3Sn; RRR; rutherford cables; stability ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; MAGNET PERFORMANCE; LARP; INSTABILITIES; FIELD; STABILITY; TRANSPORT; THRESHOLD; PROGRAM; MODELS AB Modern high-J(c) Nb3Sn strands and cables used in high field accelerator magnet models suffer from flux jump-related instabilities at low magnetic fields, these instabilities are exacerbated by enhanced magnetization and/or reduced RRR. Such instabilities and their response to and RRR in individual strands have been widely reported. In this work, we look at the influence of strand deformation during cabling on RRR and magnetization for strands extracted from Nb3Sn Rutherford cables. Seven separate cable types were used for this study, a number which had been previously used in both racetrack and quadrupole magnets. In the present experiments, longitudinal variations of RRR were estimated from multiple-tap measurements along the length of strands extracted from the various cables and then reacted in a special fixture. Magnetization measurements were then performed on cable sections to examine the effect of edge deformation. The implications of these measurements for stability are discussed. C1 [Sumption, Mike D.; Susner, Mike; Collings, Edward W.] Ohio State Univ, LASM, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dietderich, Daniel R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Superconducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Barzi, Emanuela; Turrioni, Daniel; Yamada, Ryuji; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Sumption, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, LASM, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sumption.3@osu.edu RI Susner, Michael/B-1666-2013; Susner, Michael/G-3275-2015; Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Susner, Michael/0000-0002-1211-8749; Susner, Michael/0000-0002-1211-8749; Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2481 EP 2485 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017901 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KL UT WOS:000268282100328 ER PT J AU Ghosh, AK Sperry, EA D'Ambra, J Cooley, LD AF Ghosh, Arup K. Sperry, Edward A. D'Ambra, Joseph Cooley, Lance D. TI Systematic Changes of the Nb-Sn Reaction With Time, Temperature, and Alloying in Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) Nb3Sn Strands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Electric variables measurements; magnetic susceptibility; niobium-tin compounds ID SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; CONDUCTOR DEVELOPMENT; PROGRAM AB Reaction heat treatments spanning 605 to 750 degrees C and 24 to similar to 400 hours were applied to several sets of RRP strands. Magnetization and transport measurements were used to track the changes of superconducting properties and the amounts of Nb3Sn formed. The experiments showed that temperature increases of 15 degrees C produced equivalent properties in half the time within the temperature range 620-680 degrees C. This result was the same whether Ta or Ti was used to alloy the Nb3Sn. The bulk pinning force F-p for Ta-alloyed wires displayed a significant drop for temperatures outside the range above, due to tin gradients at low temperatures and grain growth at high temperatures. The F-p drop at high reaction temperatures prevents wire technology from taking advantage of the significantly higher Kramer-plot intercept H-K for high-temperature reactions. On the other hand, Ti alloying provides a quick and potent means to increase H-K at reaction temperatures for which F-p remains high. C1 [Ghosh, Arup K.; Sperry, Edward A.; D'Ambra, Joseph] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ghosh, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Magnet Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM aghosh@bnl.gov; ld-cooley@fnal.gov RI Cooley, Lance/E-7377-2015 OI Cooley, Lance/0000-0003-3488-2980 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2580 EP 2583 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018075 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200011 ER PT J AU Motowidlo, LR Barzi, E Turrioni, D Cheggour, N Goodrich, LF AF Motowidlo, Leszek R. Barzi, Emanuela Turrioni, Daniele Cheggour, Najib Goodrich, Loren F. TI An Octagonal Architecture for High Strength PIT Nb3Sn Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Hexagonal architecture; irreversible strain; Nb3Sn wire; octagonal architecture; powder-in-tube AB Powder-in-Tube (PIT) Nb3Sn conductors have been fabricated with a low-cost intermetallic Cu5Sn4 powder as the tin source. A novel octagonal PIT design that incorporates dispersion strengthened copper as well as a hexagonal PIT design were fabricated. In this paper, we compare the critical current and strain properties of the octagonal PIT conductor designs with standard hexagonal PIT conductor designs. C1 [Motowidlo, Leszek R.] SupraMagnetics Inc, Plantsville, CT 06479 USA. [Barzi, Emanuela; Turrioni, Daniele] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Motowidlo, LR (reprint author), SupraMagnetics Inc, Plantsville, CT 06479 USA. EM LMOTO@cox.net; barzi@fnal.gov; cheggour@boulder.nist.gov RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER84381] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-05ER84381 (High Energy Physics). NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2598 EP 2601 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018155 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200015 ER PT J AU Gregory, E Tomsic, M Peng, X Sumption, MD Ghosh, A AF Gregory, Eric Tomsic, Michael Peng, Xuan Sumption, Mike D. Ghosh, Arup TI Nb3Sn Superconductors Made by an Economical Tubular Process SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Copper; niobium; tantalum; tin; tubular superconductors ID CONDUCTORS AB The tubular technique for economical production of Nb3Sn material with large numbers of subelements is being explored further by Supergenics I LLC and Hyper Tech Research Inc. The number of subelements has been raised to 271 (246 + 25) by increasing the size at which the restacking is carried out. The product exhibited no fabrication problems and was drawn down and tested at a wire diameter of 0.42 mm, where the subelements are 18 mu m diameter. Heat treatment of a 271 subelement restack has been varied and a pre heat treatment of 48 h at 575 degrees C followed by long times at 635 degrees C has been shown to be advantageous. Restacks with 217 subelements have been subjected to both compositional and heat treatment changes and the best results, closely approaching those found on PIT materials, have been found on samples given 500 h at 625 degrees C. C1 [Gregory, Eric] Supergen I LLC, Jefferson, MA 01522 USA. [Tomsic, Michael; Peng, Xuan] Hyper Tech Res Inc, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Sumption, Mike D.] Ohio State Univ, LASM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Ghosh, Arup] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gregory, E (reprint author), Supergen I LLC, Jefferson, MA 01522 USA. EM ericgregory@charter.net; tomsic@voyager.net; xpeng@hypertechre-search.com; sumption@matsceng.ohio-state.edu; aghosh@bnl.gov RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER84860] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Phase I SBIR Grant DE-FG02-07ER84860. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2602 EP 2605 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018152 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200016 ER PT J AU Godeke, A Mentink, MGT Dietderich, DR den Ouden, A AF Godeke, Arno Mentink, Matthijs G. T. Dietderich, Daniel R. den Ouden, Andries TI Characterization of High Current RRP Wires as a Function of Magnetic Field, Temperature, and Strain SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical current; magnetic field; strain; temperature; Nb(3)Sn wires ID NB3SN STRAND; DEPENDENCE AB A new instrument for the characterization of superconducting materials as a function of Magnetic Field, Temperature and Strain, was designed, constructed and tested at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). A U-shaped bending spring was selected, since that design has proven to enable accurate characterizations of a multitude of superconducting materials for more than a decade. The new device is validated though measurements on very high current Rod Restack Processed (RRP) Internal-Tin (IT) wires, for which we will present initial results, including parameterizations of the superconducting phase boundaries and comparisons with other wire types. Accurate parametrization of modern high magnetic field conductors is important for the analysis of the performance of magnet systems. C1 [Godeke, Arno; Dietderich, Daniel R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mentink, Matthijs G. T.; den Ouden, Andries] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, Low Temp Div, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Godeke, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM agodeke@lbl.gov; m.g.t.mentink@student.utwente.nl; drdiet-derich@lbl.gov; a.de-nouden@utwente.nl FU Director, Office of Science, High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, High Energy Physics, US Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2610 EP 2614 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018473 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200018 ER PT J AU Godeke, A Turrioni, D Boutboul, T Cheggour, N Ghosh, AK Goodrich, LF Meinesz, M den Ouden, A AF Godeke, Arno Turrioni, Daniele Boutboul, Thierry Cheggour, Najib Ghosh, Arup K. Goodrich, Loren F. Meinesz, Maarten den Ouden, Andries TI Interlaboratory Comparisons of NbTi Critical Current Measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical current; NbTi; round robin; standardization ID HARD SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We report on a multi-institute comparison of critical current data measured on a modern NbTi wire for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which has shown a standard deviation below 1% in critical current density spread in more than 1500 measurements. Interlaboratory comparisons on Nb(3)Sn wires have shown ambiguities that could be attributable to strain related differences in critical current density, originating from differences in sample handling, reaction, and mounting techniques, or also to differences in the magnetic field and current calibrations between the institutes. A round robin test of a well characterized NbTi wire provides a baseline variance in critical current results that is presumed to be attributable only to differences in the characterization systems. Systematic differences on the order of 3.5% are found in the comparison. The most likely cause for the observed differences is a small diameter holder that brings the wire into a strain regime in which strain effects can no longer be ignored. A NbTi round robin test, when performed properly, will separate system differences from sample specific differences and provide laboratories with an opportunity to calibrate equipment against a standard measurement. C1 [Godeke, Arno] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Turrioni, Daniele] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Boutboul, Thierry] CERN, AT MCS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Cheggour, Najib; Goodrich, Loren F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ghosh, Arup K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Meinesz, Maarten] Oxford Instruments, Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. [den Ouden, Andries] Univ Twente, Fac Sci & Technol, Low Temp Div, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Godeke, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM agodeke@lbl.gov; turrioni@fnal.gov; thierry.boutboul@cern.ch; cheggour@boulder.nist.gov; aghosh@bnl.gov; goodrich@boulder.nist.gov; maarten.meinesz@oxinst.com; a.denouden@utwente.nl RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 FU Director Office of Science High Energy Physics U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director Office of Science High Energy Physics U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2633 EP 2636 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019096 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200023 ER PT J AU Lu, J Han, K Goddard, RE Martovetsky, NN Miller, JR AF Lu, Jun Han, Ke Goddard, Robert E. Martovetsky, Nicolai N. Miller, John R. TI The I-C Irreversible Strain of Some ITER High J(C) Nb3Sn Wires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Irreversibility; Nb3Sn; strain ID STRESS AB ITER high J(C) Nb3Sn wires are designed to compensate for the performance degradation due to transverse electromagnetic force in cable-in-conduit-conductor. J(C) characterization of these wires, especially as a function of axial strain, is very important. We performed I-C irreversibility strain epsilon(irr) - epsilon(max) measurements and geometry examinations on two types of ITER high J(C) Nb3Sn wires. epsilon(irr) - epsilon(max) is measured in a 18 T magnetic field by a straight pull device developed at the NHMFL. Consistent difference in epsilon(irr) between the two types of strands is observed. We found that the epsilon(irr) - epsilon(max) is similar to 0.3% for the type of strands with higher J(C) and similar to 0.4% for that with lower J(C). This can be correlated to the difference in their geometry. C1 [Lu, Jun; Han, Ke; Goddard, Robert E.] Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Martovetsky, Nicolai N.; Miller, John R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US ITER, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lu, J (reprint author), Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM junlu@magnet.fsu.edu; han@magnet.fsu.edu; Goddard@magnet.fsu.edu; martovetskyn@ornl.gov; jrmiller@ornl.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 and under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2637 EP 2640 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019597 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200024 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, A Yamada, R Barzi, E Kobayashi, M Lamm, M Nakagawa, K Sasaki, K Takeuchi, T Turrioni, D Zlobin, AV AF Kikuchi, Akihiro Yamada, Ryuji Barzi, Emanuela Kobayashi, Michio Lamm, Michael Nakagawa, Kazuhiko Sasaki, Ken-ichi Takeuchi, Takao Turrioni, Daniele Zlobin, Alexander V. TI Characteristics of Cu Stabilized Nb3Al Strands With Low Cu Ratio SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Copper stabilizer; magnetization; Nb3Al strand; Rutherford cable; small racetrack magnet ID FIELD ACCELERATOR MAGNET; RUTHERFORD CABLE; WIRE AB Characteristics of recently developed F4-Nb3Al strand with low Cu ratio are described. The overall J(c) of the Nb3Al strand could be easily increased by decreasing of the Cu ratio. Although the quench of a pulse-like voltage generation is usually observed in superconducting unstable conductor, the F4 strand with a low Cu ratio of 0.61 exhibited an ordinary critical transition of gradual voltage generation. The F4 strand does not have magnetic instabilities at 4.2 K because of the tantalum interfilament matrix. The overall J(c) of the F4 strand achieved was 80-85% of the RRP strand. In the large mechanical stress above 100 MPa, the overall J(c) of the F4 strand might be comparable to that of high J(c) RRP-Nb3Sn strands. The Rutherford cable with a high packing factor of 86.5% has been fabricated using F4 strands. The small racetrack magnet, SR07, was also fabricated by a 14 m F4 cable. The quench current, I-q, of SR07 were obtained 22.4 kA at 4.5 K and 25.2 kA at 2.2 K. The tantalum matrix Nb3Al strands are promising for the application of super-cooled high-field magnets as well as 4.2 K operation magnets. C1 [Kikuchi, Akihiro; Takeuchi, Takao] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Yamada, Ryuji; Barzi, Emanuela; Lamm, Michael; Turrioni, Daniele; Zlobin, Alexander V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kobayashi, Michio] Hikifune Co Ltd, Katsushika Ku, Tokyo 1240014, Japan. [Nakagawa, Kazuhiko] Hitachi Cable Ltd, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 3000026, Japan. [Sasaki, Ken-ichi] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RP Kikuchi, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. EM kikuchi.ak-ihiro@nims.go.jp RI TAKEUCHI, Takao/H-2753-2011 FU Research Promotion Bureau; Budget for Nuclear Research of MEXT in Japan; US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Research Promotion Bureau and Budget for Nuclear Research of MEXT in Japan, and the US Department of Energy. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2678 EP 2681 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018303 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200034 ER PT J AU Grilli, F Brambilla, R Martini, LF Sirois, F Nguyen, DN Ashworth, SP AF Grilli, Francesco Brambilla, Roberto Martini, Luciano F. Sirois, Frederic Nguyen, Doan N. Ashworth, Stephen P. TI Current Density Distribution in Multiple YBCO Coated Conductors by Coupled Integral Equations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AC losses; finite-element (FE) method; integral equations; thin conductors AB In this paper we present a new model to compute the current density distribution and the AC losses in multiple YBCO coated conductors by means of coupled integral equations implemented in a finite-element ( FE) environment. The model considers the superconducting tapes as 1D objects and allows overcoming the problem of the mesh of conductors of large aspect ratio, typical of 2D implementations; as a result, it is also much faster. The interaction between the different conductors is taken into account by means of a coupling of the electromagnetic variables. The magnetic field distribution in the space between the conductors is computed by coupling the 1D model with a standard 2D magnetic model, which uses the computed current density distributions as sources for the magnetic field. Results are compared with those obtained with standard 2D implementations and with experimental results. C1 [Grilli, Francesco; Sirois, Frederic] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Brambilla, Roberto; Martini, Luciano F.] CESI Ric, Milan, Italy. [Nguyen, Doan N.; Ashworth, Stephen P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Grilli, F (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. EM f.grilli@polymtl.ca; roberto.brambilla@cesiricerca.it; luciano.martini@cesiricerca.it; f.sirois@polymtl.ca; doan@lanl.gov; ashworth@lanl.gov RI Sirois, Frederic/F-3736-2010 OI Sirois, Frederic/0000-0003-0372-9449 FU Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS); Italian Ministry of Economic Development - General Directorate for Energy and Mining Resources; US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX This work was supported by the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS) network, by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development - General Directorate for Energy and Mining Resources stipulated on June 21, 2007 in compliance with the Decree n. 73 of June 18, 2007, and by the US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 4 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 2859 EP 2862 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018465 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200078 ER PT J AU Turrioni, D Barzi, E Lamm, MJ Yamada, R Zlobin, AV Kikuchi, A AF Turrioni, D. Barzi, E. Lamm, M. J. Yamada, R. Zlobin, A. V. Kikuchi, A. TI Study of HTS Wires at High Magnetic Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE BSCCO; coated conductor; critical current; high temperature superconductor ID SUPERPOWER; CONDUCTOR; TAPES; FLUX AB Fermilab is working on the development of high field magnet systems for ionization cooling of muon beams. The use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials is being considered for these magnets using Helium refrigeration. Critical current (I(c)) measurements of HTS conductors were performed at FNAL and at NIMS up to 28 T under magnetic fields at zero to 90 degree with respect to the sample face. A description of the test setups and results on a BSCCO-2223 tape and second generation (2G) coated conductors are presented. C1 [Turrioni, D.; Barzi, E.; Lamm, M. J.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A. V.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kikuchi, A.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050048, Japan. RP Turrioni, D (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM turrioni@fnal.gov NR 17 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3057 EP 3060 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017877 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200126 ER PT J AU Feenstra, R List, FA Li, XP Rupich, MW Miller, DJ Maroni, VA Zhang, YF Thompson, JR Christen, DK AF Feenstra, Ron List, Fredrick A. Li, Xiaoping Rupich, Martin W. Miller, Dean J. Maroni, Victor A. Zhang, Yifei Thompson, James R. Christen, David K. TI A Modular Ex Situ Conversion Process for Thick MOD-Fluoride RBCO Precursors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Epitaxial growth; fluorine compounds; high-temperature superconductors; YBCO films ID METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; PHASE EVOLUTION; BAF2 PROCESS; FILM GROWTH; YBCO FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTOR AB Following a review of heating induced chemical and structural changes in RBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) (RBCO) fluoride precursors (R = rare earth of Y) deposited by metalorganic deposition (MOD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD), a modular process comprising successive, functionally distinct, brief annealing steps (modules) is introduced. By decoupling events that otherwise occur simultaneously, the modular process provides a framework for addressing the complex kinetics associated with the temperature ramp of the ex situ conversion anneal. Modules for modifying the F concentration, porosity and microstructure, and RBCO nucleation are described. C1 [Feenstra, Ron; List, Fredrick A.; Zhang, Yifei; Thompson, James R.; Christen, David K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Xiaoping; Rupich, Martin W.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Devens, MA 01434 USA. [Miller, Dean J.; Maroni, Victor A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Thompson, James R.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Feenstra, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM feenstrar@ornl.gov; listfaiii@ornl.gov; xli@amsc.com; mrupich@amsc.com; miller@anl.gov; maroni@anl.gov; zhangyf@ornl.gov; jrt@utk.edu; christendk@ornl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; [W-31109-ENG-38] FX This work was supported by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems, U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. The work at Argonne was performed under Contract W-31109-ENG-38. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3131 EP 3135 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019215 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200143 ER PT J AU Holesinger, TG Li, XP Rupich, MW AF Holesinger, Terry G. Li, Xiaoping Rupich, Martin W. TI Initial Stages of Nucleation and Growth in MOD YBCO Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE High-temperature superconductors; materials processing; microscopy; thick films ID THIN-FILMS; METALORGANIC DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7 FILMS; TRIFLUOROACETATES; BA2YCU3O7-X; PERFORMANCE; PRECURSORS; MECHANISM; SRTIO3 AB Key features of the nucleation and growth of metal organic deposited (MOD) Y(1)Ba(2)Cu(3)O(y) (YBCO) films on biaxially-textured nickel substrates with intervening buffer layers are presented. Within this work, we show the formation of an oriented precursor phase, the laminar growth of the YBCO in the presence of a liquid phase, and subsequent formation of relevant defects tied to the growth process. A model is presented for nucleation and growth, second phase development, and porosity formation. Specific microstructural differences with regard to physical vapor deposited films are discussed. C1 [Holesinger, Terry G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Li, Xiaoping; Rupich, Martin W.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Devens, MA 01434 USA. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM holesinger@lanl.gov; XLi@amsuper.com; mrupich@amsuper.com FU US Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electric Delivery and Energy Reliability, as part of a DOE program to develop high temperature superconductors for electric power technologies. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3156 EP 3159 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019193 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200149 ER PT J AU Greene, GA Gupta, RC Sampson, WB Snead, CL AF Greene, G. A. Gupta, R. C. Sampson, W. B. Snead, C. L., Jr. TI The Effect of Proton Irradiation on the Critical Current of Commercially Produced YBCO Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical current; radiation damage; YBCO conductor AB Samples of YBCO superconductor from two manufacturers were irradiated with protons at the BLIP facility at BNL. Two specimens of each type of conductor were irradiated to five fluences covering the range from 10(16) to 4 x 10(17) protons/cm(2). The beam parameters for the irradiations were 42 mu A and 142 MeV. The critical current (zero field, 1 mu V/cm) for all twenty samples was measured in liquid nitrogen before and after irradiation to quantify the effects of high-dose proton-induced radiation damage on the performance of the conductor, and thus evaluate its suitability for service in high-radiation environments. All of the specimens had a pre-irradiation current of about 100 A. This current decreased linearly with fluence, with a slope of about 20% per 10(17) protons/cm(2). The agreement between the two samples of each brand of conductor was exceptional. C1 [Greene, G. A.; Gupta, R. C.; Sampson, W. B.; Snead, C. L., Jr.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Greene, GA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM greene@bnl.gov; gupta@bnl.gov; wsampson@bnl.gov; snead@bnl.gov NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3164 EP 3167 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017759 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200151 ER PT J AU Matias, V Hanisch, J Reagor, D Rowley, EJ Sheehan, C AF Matias, Vladimir Haenisch, Jens Reagor, David Rowley, E. John Sheehan, Chris TI Reactive Co-Evaporation of YBCO as a Low-Cost Process for Fabricating Coated Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE High-temperature superconductors; superconducting filaments and wires; superconducting films; vapor deposition ID DEPOSITION; FILMS AB We discuss implementation of reactive co-evaporation (RCE) to deposit high temperature superconducting films on metal tapes. Our method utilizes alternating high-rate deposition and oxygenation and can be extended to coating of moving tape in a continuous fashion. We have demonstrated our method with YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) films on 8 cm long ion-beam assisted deposition textured template tapes. Critical current densities of approximately 2.5 MA/cm(2) at 75.5 K were achieved in HTS films with 2 mu m in thickness, and a maximum measured self-field critical current of 950 A/cm-width was achieved in a 6 mu m thick film. We discuss some practical possibilities for manufacturing superconducting wire and discuss a cost model for this RCE process. We make the case that the cost of HTS deposition using RCE in manufacturing can be less than $5/kA . m. C1 [Matias, Vladimir; Haenisch, Jens; Reagor, David; Rowley, E. John; Sheehan, Chris] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matias, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Mail Stop T004, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vlado@lanl.gov RI Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011 FU Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability FX J. Storer was critically important in initiating this project at Los Alamos and the authors thank him for that and his contributions to the project. The authors acknowledge their colleagues L. Civale, Y. Coulter, P. Dowden, T. Holesinger, and B. Maiorov for valuable discussions and technical assistance. They also thank D. Peterson for a thorough reading of the manuscript. This work is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3172 EP 3175 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019212 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200153 ER PT J AU Miller, DJ Maroni, VA Hiller, JM Koritala, RE Chen, YM Black, JLR Selvamanickam, V AF Miller, Dean J. Maroni, Victor A. Hiller, Jon M. Koritala, Rachel E. Chen, Yimin Black, Jodi L. Reeves Selvamanickam, Venkat TI Characterization of Long-Length, MOCVD-Derived REBCO Coated Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Coated conductor; electron microscopy; metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD); Raman spectroscopy AB A leading approach to the fabrication of long-length, high-performance REBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) (REBCO) coated conductor is by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of REBCO on buffered templates. Templates are produced by ion beam assisted deposition of textured MgO onto polished metal substrates. The overall performance of MOCVD coated conductors achieved to date is impressive, but further improvement is desired. We have used a coordinated set of characterization techniques to identify the underlying causes for critical current (Ic) performance variations in long-length MOCVD conductors. Using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, we studied tape specimens from specially designed experiments performed in SuperPower's MOCVD manufacturing equipment with its six-track "helix" tape path. We find that in multi-pass depositions used to produce thicker REBCO films, the REBCO phase uniformity and texture quality in the first pass play key roles in pass-to-pass microstructure evolution, with nucleation of second phase particles in the first layer promoting misoriented grains that propagate through subsequent layers. These misoriented grains, many growing in close proximity with second phase particles, present current-blocking obstacles that limit Ic performance. Our results show that achieving more uniform deposition in the very first deposited layer plays a critical role that in turn leads to reduced misoriented grain content and REBCO lattice disorder in the second and subsequent layers of the REBCO film. C1 [Miller, Dean J.; Maroni, Victor A.; Koritala, Rachel E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, Yimin; Selvamanickam, Venkat] SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. [Black, Jodi L. Reeves] Dev Dimens Int Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15017 USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maroni@anl.gov; ychen@superpower-inc.com; jodi.reeves2@ddiworld.com; selva@superpower-inc.com RI Hiller, Jon/A-2513-2009; Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011 OI Hiller, Jon/0000-0001-7207-8008; NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3176 EP 3179 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018146 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200154 ER PT J AU MacManus-Driscoll, JL Kursumovic, A Durrell, JH Harrington, S Wimbush, SC Maiorov, B Stan, L Zhou, HH Holesinger, T Wang, HY AF MacManus-Driscoll, Judith L. Kursumovic, Ahmed Durrell, John H. Harrington, Sophie Wimbush, Stuart C. Maiorov, Boris Stan, Liliana Zhou, Honghui Holesinger, Terry Wang, Haiyan TI High I-c in YBCO Films Grown at Very High Rates by Liquid Mediated Growth SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Coated conductors; gold doping; HLPE; hybrid liquid phase epitaxy; thick YBCO films ID COATED CONDUCTORS; PHASE EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; BUFFER LAYERS; GOLD NANORODS; YBACUO FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3OX; PROGRESS; WIRE AB YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thick films were grown by hybrid liquid phase epitaxy (HLPE) on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. With introduction of Au into the film via diffusion from a 5 mol. % 100 nm thick Au-doped STO buffer, self-field J(c)s at 77 K of similar to 2.4 MAcm(-2) and I(c)s up to 700 A/cm-width of were achieved. The J(c) value is virtually independent on thickness and growth rates are extremely high (similar to 1 mu m/min) without the need for post-growth processing. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Y2O3 nano-cloud extended defects (similar to 100 nm size), but < 100 nm apart, were identified as the pinning defects in the films. The single crystal results were successfully translated to tapes, giving self-field I(c)s of around 300 A/cm-width. C1 [MacManus-Driscoll, Judith L.; Kursumovic, Ahmed; Durrell, John H.; Harrington, Sophie; Wimbush, Stuart C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Maiorov, Boris; Stan, Liliana; Zhou, Honghui; Holesinger, Terry] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Haiyan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP MacManus-Driscoll, JL (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM jld35@cam.ac.uk; ak237@cam.ac.uk; jhd25@cam.ac.uk; sah59@cam.ac.uk; scw42@cam.ac.uk; maiorov@lanl.gov; lilianas@lanl.gov; hzhou@lanl.gov; holesinger@lanl.gov; wangh@ece.tamu.edu RI Harrington, Sophie/A-1349-2010; Wimbush, Stuart/F-3736-2011; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014; Durrell, John/A-4052-2008; OI Wimbush, Stuart/0000-0003-1636-643X; Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209; Durrell, John/0000-0003-0712-3102; Maiorov, Boris/0000-0003-1885-0436 FU HIPERCHEM [NMP4-CT2005-516858]; Marie Curie Excellence [MC-EXT 014156]; US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX This work was supported in part by NMP4-CT2005-516858 (HIPERCHEM) and the Marie Curie Excellence Grant MC-EXT 014156 NanoFen and in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3180 EP 3183 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018850 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200155 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Feenstra, R Cantoni, C Christen, DK Miller, DJ AF Zhang, Yifei Feenstra, Ron Cantoni, Claudia Christen, David K. Miller, Dean J. TI Modification and Conversion of E-Beam Co-Evaporated Precursors for Fabricating High Critical Current YBa2Cu3O7-delta Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical current density; epitaxial growth; nucleation; YBCO film ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COATED CONDUCTORS; THICKNESS AB Ex situ conversion of e-beam co-evaporated precursors was studied in an effort to fabricate high critical current YBCO films using the BaF2 process. The precursors were deposited on CeO2 buffered single crystal YSZ substrates. It was shown that an intermediate oxygenation annealing prior to the conversion modifies the precursor crystallinity and promotes c-axis epitaxial growth while randomly-oriented film formation is suppressed. With the modified precursors, a critical current density (J(c), 77 K & 0 T) of 2.1 MA/cm(2) measured by SQUID magnetometry was obtained in 1.8 mu m thick YBCO films. The mechanism of the pre-annealing effect was investigated by characterization of the precursors, quenched films, and fully converted films using XRD, SEM, and TEM. Cross-sectional TEM was used to study the early nucleation of YBCO film at the precursor/substrate interface. The significant effect of the precursor modification indicated that, in addition to optimizing conversion processing parameters, modifying the precursor is an effective way to achieve the desired epitaxial film structure and to obtain higher critical currents, I-c. C1 [Zhang, Yifei; Feenstra, Ron; Cantoni, Claudia; Christen, David K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Miller, Dean J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, YF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhangyf@ornl.gov; miller@anl.gov RI Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 FU Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability and Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability and Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy as part of a DOE program to develop electric power technology. The work at Oak Ridge was performed under UT-Batelle, LLC, Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The work at Argonne was performed under Contract W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3188 EP 3191 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019213 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200157 ER PT J AU Wee, SH Goyal, A Zuev, YL AF Wee, Sung Hun Goyal, Amit Zuev, Yuri L. TI Growth of Thick BaZrO3-Doped YBa2Cu3O7-delta Films With High Critical Currents in High Applied Magnetic Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE BaZrO3 nanodots; flux-pinning; high critical currents; thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta films ID SELF-ASSEMBLED NANODOTS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; NDBA2CU3O7-DELTA FILMS; PERFORMANCE; CONDUCTORS; NANORODS AB High quality, thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films with splayed, self-assembled BaZrO3 insulating nanodot columns were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition on short pieces of ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) MgO substrate. Variations in superconducting and microstructural properties were observed for samples grown at different substrate temperatures between 790 and 810 degrees C. At substrate temperatures between 790 and 800 degrees C, samples were measured to have large self-field I-c of 670-787 A/cm at 77 K and minimum I-c of 353-392 A/cm for all angles at 65 K, 3 T. C1 [Wee, Sung Hun; Goyal, Amit; Zuev, Yuri L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wee, Sung Hun] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wee, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wees@ornl.gov; goyala@ornl.gov; zuevyl@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3266 EP 3269 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019594 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200175 ER PT J AU Paranthaman, M Aytug, T Kim, K Specht, ED Heatherly, L AF Paranthaman, Mariappan Aytug, Tolga Kim, Kyunghoon Specht, Eliot D. Heatherly, Lee TI Strategic Buffer Layer Development for YBCO Coated Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Buffer layers; metal organic deposition; reactive sputtering; transport property measurements; YBCO coated conductors ID TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR WIRES; GD2ZR2O7; SYSTEM; FILMS AB We have developed a simplified buffer layer architecture for the rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS) template approach. The overall purpose of this research is to enable potentially a low-cost, high throughput and high yield manufacturing processes for buffer fabrication and to gain fundamental understanding of the growth of buffer layers for RABiTS templates. This understanding is critical to the development of a reliable, robust, and long-length manufacturing process for second generation wires. In this study, efforts are being made to either reduce the number of vacuum deposited layers or to replace one or more of these vacuum deposited layers with a solution based layer. We have chosen Gd(2)O(3)-ZrO(2) system as a potential barrier layer for this study. We have deposited epitaxial Gadolinia Stabilized Zirconia (GSZ) (Zr(1-x)Gd(x)Oy; x = 0-1) films on 30-nm thick e-beam evaporated Y(2)O(3) seeded Ni-W (3 at. %) (Ni-3W) substrates using a metal-organic decomposition (MOD) process. Detailed X-ray studies indicated that all of the MOD-GSZ layers were cube textured and both in-plane and out-of-plane lattice parameters increases linearly with increasing the Gd content. We have also developed process conditions for reactively sputter deposited epitaxial Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) (Gadolinium Zirconium Oxide (GZO); Zr(1-x)Gd(x)O(y) (x = 0.5)) films on the e-beam evaporated Y(2)O(3)/Ni -3W substrates. YBCO films with a critical current density J(c) of 2.14 x 10(6) A/cm(2) and 1.4 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K and self-field were grown on the newly developed architectures of Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7)/Y(2)O(3)/Ni - 3W and Zr(1-x)Gd(x)O(y) (x = 0.2)/Y(2)O(3)/Ni - 3W substrates, respectively using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. This work promises a route for producing cost-effective simplified buffer architectures for the RABiTS-based YBCO coated conductors. C1 [Paranthaman, Mariappan; Aytug, Tolga; Kim, Kyunghoon; Specht, Eliot D.; Heatherly, Lee] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Paranthaman, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM paranthamanm@ornl.gov; aytugt@ornl.gov; kimk@ornl.gov; spechted@ornl.gov; heatherlyljr@ornl.gov RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE),; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (DMSE) FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE), and Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (DMSE). This research was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the USDOE Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3303 EP 3306 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018813 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200184 ER PT J AU Rikel, MO Isfort, D Klein, M Ehrenberg, J Bock, J Specht, ED Sun-Wagener, M Weber, O Sporn, D Engel, S de Haas, O Semerad, R Schubert, M Holzapfel, B AF Rikel, Mark O. Isfort, Dirk Klein, Marcel Ehrenberg, Juergen Bock, Joachim Specht, Elliot D. Sun-Wagener, Ming Weber, Oxana Sporn, Dieter Engel, Sebastian de Haas, Oliver Semerad, Robert Schubert, Margitta Holzapfel, Bernhard TI Simplified Procedure for Estimating Epitaxy of La2Zr2O7-Buffered NiW RABITS Using XRD SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Epitaxial layers; quality control; x-ray measurements ID CHEMICAL SOLUTION DEPOSITION; LA2ZR2O7 BUFFER LAYERS; YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; FILMS AB A procedure is developed for assessing the epitaxy of La2-xZr2+xO7 (LZO) layers on NiW RABITS. Comparing XRD patterns (theta-2 theta scans and 2D rocking curves) of LZO films of known thickness (ellipsometry or reflectometry measurements) with those of standard samples (100% epitaxial LZO film and an isotropic LZO pellet of known density), we estimate the epitaxial (EF), and polycrystalline (PF) fractions of LZO within the layer. The procedure was tested using MOD-LZO (100 nm)/NiW tape samples with varied from 3 to 90% (reproducibly prepared by varying the humidity of Ar - 5%H-2 gas during heat treatment). A qualitative agreement with RHEED and quantitative (within +/- 10%) agreement with the EBSD results was shown. Correlation between EF and J(c) in 600 nm thick YBCO layer deposited on MOD-LZO/NiW using thermal coevaporation enables us to impose the EF = 80% margin on the quality of LZO layer for the particular conductor architecture. C1 [Specht, Elliot D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sun-Wagener, Ming; Weber, Oxana; Sporn, Dieter] Fraunhofer Inst Silicatforsch ISC, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. [Engel, Sebastian; de Haas, Oliver] Evico GmbH, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Semerad, Robert] Theva Dunnschichttech GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany. [Schubert, Margitta; Holzapfel, Bernhard] IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. EM Mark.Rikel@Nexans.com; spechted@ornl.gov; Ming.Sun-Wa-gener@isc.fraunhofer.de; deHaas@evico.de; semerad@theva.com; B.Holzapfel@ifw-dresden.de RI Holzapfel, Bernhard/D-3669-2009; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Rikel, Mark/0000-0002-4537-0772 FU BMBF; US DOE FX The work was supported in part by BMBF within the WING program (project SupraNanoSol) and by the US DOE, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3307 EP 3310 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017907 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200185 ER PT J AU Groves, JR DePaula, RF Stan, L Hammond, RH Clemens, BM AF Groves, James R. DePaula, Raymond F. Stan, Liliana Hammond, Robert H. Clemens, Bruce M. TI Fundamental Aspects of Ion Beam Assisted Deposition of Magnesium Oxide Template Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Ion beam-assisted deposition; magnesium oxide; nucleation; template films ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED-ZIRCONIA; YBCO-COATED CONDUCTORS; MGO SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; BUFFER LAYERS; IBAD-MGO; NUCLEATION AB The nucleation and growth of magnesium oxide (MgO) deposited using the ion beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) technique was investigated using a specially designed in-situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which acted as the substrate during deposition. The mass accumulation of the growing film was collected while simultaneous reflected high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns were taken. IBAD MgO films deposited on the QCM with an amorphous silicon nitride layer showed an inflection point in the data. This inflection separated two distinct regions with the initial region having a slope greater than that of the final region. Experiments run at different ion-to-molecule ratios had similar inflection points that corresponded to a thickness of similar to 2 nm and could not be explained by an elementary growth and surface coverage model. Correlation of this inflection point with RHEED images showed that the point of inflection corresponds to the onset of in-plane texture. This result suggests that the IBAD MgO process is more complex than previously suggested and may depend upon a solid phase recrystallization process. C1 [Groves, James R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [DePaula, Raymond F.; Stan, Liliana] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hammond, Robert H.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Clemens, Bruce M.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Groves, JR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jgroves@stanford.edu; rdepaula@lanl.gov; lilianas@lanl.gov; rhammond@stanford.edu; bmc@stanford.edu FU US Department of Energy; Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea through a grant to Stanford University. FX This work was supported in part by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, US Department of Energy and in part by the Center for Applied Superconductivity Technology of the 21st Century Frontier R&D Program funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea through a grant to Stanford University. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3311 EP 3314 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018814 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200186 ER PT J AU Polat, O Aytug, T Paranthaman, M Kim, K Zhang, YF Cantoni, C Zuev, YL Goyal, A Thompson, JR Christen, DK Xiong, XM Selvamanickam, V AF Polat, Oezgur Aytug, Tolga Paranthaman, Mariappan Kim, Kyunghoon Zhang, Yifei Cantoni, Claudia Zuev, Yuri L. Goyal, Amit Thompson, James R. Christen, David K. Xiong, Xuming Selvamanickam, Venkat TI Properties of YBCO on LaMnO3-Capped IBAD MgO-Templates Without Homo-Epitaxial MgO Layer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Buffers; critical current density; IBAD-MgO; LMO; PLD-YBCO ID BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; BUFFER LAYERS; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; COATED CONDUCTORS; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA AB Previously, it has been well established that in an IBAD architecture for coated conductors, (1) LaMnO3 (LMO) buffer layers are structurally and chemically compatible with an underlying homo-epitaxial MgO layer and (2) high current density YBCO films can be grown on these LMO templates. In the present work, the homo-epi MgO layer has been successfully eliminated and a LMO cap layer was grown directly on the IBAD-MgO template. The performance of the LMO/IBAD-MgO samples has been qualified by depositing 1 mu m-thick YBCO coatings by pulsed laser deposition. Electrical transport measurements of YBCO films on the standard (with homo-epi MgO) and simplified (without homo-epi MgO) IBAD architectures were carried out. The angular dependence of critical current density (J(c)) is similar for both IBAD architectures. XRD measurements indicate good, c-axis aligned YBCO films. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that microstructures of YBCO/LMO/IBAD-MgO and YBCO/LMO/homo-epi MgO/IBAD-MgO templates are similar. These results demonstrate the strong potential of using LMO as a single cap layer directly on IBAD-MgO for the development of a simplified IBAD architecture. C1 [Polat, Oezgur; Aytug, Tolga; Paranthaman, Mariappan; Kim, Kyunghoon; Zhang, Yifei; Cantoni, Claudia; Zuev, Yuri L.; Goyal, Amit; Christen, David K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thompson, James R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Xiong, Xuming; Selvamanickam, Venkat] SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. RP Polat, O (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM opolat@utk.edu; aytugt@ornl.gov; paranthamanm@ornl.gov; kimk@ornl.gov; zhangyf@ornl.gov; cantonic@ornl.gov; zuevyl@ornl.gov; goyala@ornl.gov; jrt@utk.edu; christendk@ornl.gov; xxiong@superpower-inc.com; selva@superpower-inc.com RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 FU American Chemical Society [43258-G5] FX This work was done as part of the ORNL-SuperPower CRADA, and supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. The work of O Polat was supported by the American Chemical Society, Petroleum Research Fund under Grant 43258-G5. This research was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the USDOE Contract DE-AC0500OR22725. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3315 EP 3318 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018815 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200187 ER PT J AU Duckworth, RC List, FA Zhang, YF AF Duckworth, Robert C. List, Fredrick A. Zhang, Yifei TI Effect of Interfacial Resistance on AC Loss as a Function of Applied AC Field in YBCO Filamentary Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AC loss; conductor stability; continuous stabilization; YBCO coated conductors ID COATED CONDUCTORS; TAPES AB While continuous stabilization in filamentary Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) coated conductors can generate additional heating due to coupling loss, a balance between low ac loss and conductor stability can be found through the introduction of interfacial resistance between the stabilizer and the filaments. The impact of interfacial resistance with respect to ac loss as a function of field was studied for YBCO filaments with a continuous silver cap layer. Starting with uncoated YBCO filaments on standard Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) templates, an interfacial resistance between filaments was introduced through the exposure of filaments to air at room temperature and followed by the deposition of a continuous, 3 mu m thick silver cap layer. The interfacial resistance between silver and the YBCO was controlled by oxygen annealing at different temperatures between 200 degrees C and 450 degrees C. Measurements of the ac loss as a function of applied perpendicular field and frequency and the interfacial resistance revealed a correlation between the coupling loss and the oxygen annealing temperature, where the coupling loss was lowest at an oxygen annealing temperature of 200 C. C1 [Duckworth, Robert C.; List, Fredrick A.; Zhang, Yifei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Duckworth, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM duckworthrc@ornl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability [DE-AC0500OR22725]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems under Contract DE-AC0500OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3327 EP 3331 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018455 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200190 ER PT J AU Guth, K Huhne, R Matias, V Rowley, J Thersleff, T Schultz, L Holzapfel, B AF Gueth, Konrad Huehne, Ruben Matias, Vladimir Rowley, John Thersleff, Thomas Schultz, Ludwig Holzapfel, Bernhard TI Preparation of Conductive Buffer Architectures Based on IBAD-TiN SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Buffer layers; coated conductors; epitaxial growth; ion beam assisted deposition ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; BEAM-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; TEXTURED MGO; THIN-FILMS; TEMPLATES AB Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) was used in combination with pulsed laser deposition to develop a conductive biaxially textured buffer architecture based on IBAD-TiN for coated conductor applications. Highly textured TiN layers were prepared on Hastelloy substrates with an amorphous Y(2)O(3) seed layer. The cube textured nucleation layer was preserved to higher thicknesses using homoepitaxial growth. A double layer of Au and Ir was used to reduce the lattice misfit between TiN and YBCO. Finally, a 120 nm thick Nb : SrTiO(3) layer was deposited to ensure the epitaxial growth of the superconducting YBCO layer at higher oxygen pressures. In-situ RHEED measurements revealed an undisturbed epitaxial growth of the complete buffer layer stack. The buffered tape was successfully used for the deposition of a 300 nm thick YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) layer, showing an in-plane FWHM value of 7.2 degrees and a critical temperature T(c) of about 88 K. The results are promising for the development of a completely electrical conductive buffer architecture based on the IBAD approach. C1 [Gueth, Konrad; Thersleff, Thomas; Schultz, Ludwig] IFW Dresden, Inst Metall Mat, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Gueth, Konrad; Thersleff, Thomas; Schultz, Ludwig] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Mat Sci, Dept Mech Engn, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Matias, Vladimir; Rowley, John] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guth, K (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Inst Metall Mat, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. EM k.guth@ifw-dresden.de; r.huehne@ifw-dresden.de; vlado@lanl.gov RI Holzapfel, Bernhard/D-3669-2009; Schultz, Ludwig/B-3383-2010; Huhne, Ruben/E-5017-2011; OI Thersleff, Thomas/0000-0002-0999-3569 FU European Community [516858] FX Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published June 05, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work is supported by research funding from the European Community under the Sixth Framework Programme Contract 516858: HIPERCHEM. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3447 EP 3450 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019249 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200219 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, R Phok, S Zhao, WJ Norman, A AF Bhattacharya, Raghu Phok, Sovannary Zhao, Wenjun Norman, Andrew TI Electrodeposited Biaxially Textured Buffer Layers for YBCO Superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Buffer layers; CeO(2); electrodeposition; Gd(2)O(3); Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7); pulsed laser deposition; YBCO ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SUPERCONDUCTORS; GD2O3; GD2ZR2O7; FILMS AB Non-vacuum electrodeposition (ED) was used to prepare simplified Gd(2)O(3)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) and CeO(2)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) buffer layers on a Ni-W substrate. Post-annealing conditions of electrodeposited precursor films were optimized to obtain high-quality biaxially textured buffer layers. The buffer layers were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical profiling, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effect of the cap layer thickness on the surface morphology and texture of the buffers was also studied. The microstructure of CeO(2)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) was analysed and compared to Gd(2)O(3)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7). The high-resolution TEM shows biaxially textured crystalline elctrodeposited Gd(2)O(3) and CeO(2) cap layers on the electrodeposited Gd(2)O(3) layers without any defects. YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) (YBCO) superconductor was deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on the simplified ED - Gd(2)O(3)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) and ED - CeO(2)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) buffers. Transport current density of 3.3 MA/cm(2) at 77 K was obtained for PLD YBCO deposited on ED - Gd(2)O(3)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) buffer layers. C1 [Bhattacharya, Raghu; Phok, Sovannary; Zhao, Wenjun; Norman, Andrew] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Raghu_bhattacharya@nrel.gov; sovan-nary_phok@nrel.gov; wnejun_zhao@nrel.gov; Andrew_norman@nrel.gov RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX Manuscript received August 15, 2008. First published June 30, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was performed by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the US Department of Energy. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3451 EP 3454 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019603 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200220 ER PT J AU Phok, S Zhao, WJ Bhattacharya, R AF Phok, Sovannary Zhao, Wenjun Bhattacharya, Raghu TI Growth Conditions of Sequentially Electrodeposited Buffer Layers for YBCO Superconductor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Buffer layers; electrodeposition; pyrochlore compound; RE(2)O(3) compound; texture ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SUPERCONDUCTORS; COATED CONDUCTORS; FILMS; DEPOSITION; COATINGS; ZIRCONIA; GD2ZR2O7; TAPES; GD2O3 AB We report recent technical advances in the fabrication by sequential electrodeposition (ED) of Gd(2)O(3)/Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) buffer architecture. A systematic study is performed for a fundamental understanding of the buffer structure grown by ED. The electrolyte composition, solution flow rate, composition/concentration of chemicals, and annealing conditions are found to affect considerably the deposition of the layer, formation of the pyrochlore oxide, and film texture. The as-deposited and annealed films were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Smooth and crack-free layers were obtained. The surface roughness of the bilayer buffer was about 3 nm. Both layers were biaxially textured. The out-of-plane mosaic spread Delta omega was about 6 degrees and 7.8 degrees for Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) and Gd(2)O(3) grains, respectively. The in-plane grain dispersion Delta phi was 8.4 degrees and 9.3 degrees for Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7) and Gd(2)O(3) layers, respectively. C1 [Phok, Sovannary; Zhao, Wenjun; Bhattacharya, Raghu] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Phok, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sovannary_phok@nrel.gov; wenjun_zhao@nrel.gov; raghu_bhattacharya@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX Manuscript received August 15, 2008. First published June 30, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work has been performed by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute Contract DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3455 EP 3458 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019250 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200221 ER PT J AU Stan, L Feldmann, DM Usov, IO Holesinger, TG Maiorov, B Civale, L DePaula, RF Dowden, PC Jia, QX AF Stan, Liliana Feldmann, David Matt Usov, Igor O. Holesinger, Terry G. Maiorov, Boris Civale, Leonardo DePaula, Raymond F. Dowden, Paul C. Jia, Quanxi TI Composite - as Diffusion Barrier/Nucleation Layer for HTS Coated Conductors Based on IBAD MgO SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Buffer layers; coated conductors; ion beam assisted deposition; MgO; YBCO ID SCALE-UP; YBCO; TEMPLATES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DEPOSITION; PROGRESS AB A composite layer has been successfully implemented in high temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors (CCs) based on ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) MgO technology. This layer serves a dual function: a nucleation layer for the growth of high quality biaxially aligned MgO and a diffusion barrier to inhibit interdiffusion between the Ni-alloy substrate and the superconductor. The composition of the composite Y(2)O(3) - Al(2)O(3) influences the texture and superconducting properties of YBCO films grown on STO buffered Mgo/Y(2)O(3) - Al(2)O(3)/Ni - alloy. Our experimental results demonstrate that the superconducting properties of YBCO grown on STO buffered MgO/Y(2)O(3) - Al(2)O(3)/Ni - alloy are comparable with those of YBCO on standard architecture. The use of a single composite Y(2)O(3) - Al(2)O(3) layer instead of individual layers of Y(2)O(3) and Al(2)O(3) for the fabrication of HTS CCs based on IBAD MgO provides advantages such as simplified architecture and potentially reduced cost due to the reduced number of fabrication steps. C1 [Stan, Liliana; Feldmann, David Matt; Usov, Igor O.; Holesinger, Terry G.; Maiorov, Boris; Civale, Leonardo; DePaula, Raymond F.; Dowden, Paul C.; Jia, Quanxi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stan, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lilianas@lanl.gov; dmfeldmann@lanl.gov; iusov@lanl.gov; holesinger@lanl.gov; maiorov@lanl.gov; lcivale@lanl.gov; rdepaula@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 FU Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability; US Department of Energy FX Manuscript received August 25, 2008. First published June 30, 2009; current version published July 15, 2009. This work was supported in part by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, US Department of Energy. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3459 EP 3462 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017923 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200222 ER PT J AU Karapetrov, G Belkin, A Novosad, V Iavarone, M Fedor, J Pearson, JE Petrean-Troncalli, A AF Karapetrov, Goran Belkin, Andrey Novosad, Valentyn Iavarone, Maria Fedor, Jan Pearson, John E. Petrean-Troncalli, Andra TI Adjustable Superconducting Anisotropy in Superconductor-Ferromagnet Bilayers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Permalloy films; superconducting films; superconducting switches; superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids ID DOMAIN STRUCTURE; PERMALLOY FILMS; HYBRIDS; MOTION; URHGE AB We demonstrate novel magneto-transport properties of magnetically coupled superconductor-ferromagnet (MoGe/Permalloy) bilayers. Ferromagnetic Permalloy film exhibiting stripe domains with rotatable anisotropy induces modulation of the order parameter in the superconducting thin film. Domain-wall superconductivity is localized above the magnetic domain walls forming mesoscopic superfluid channels. We can achieve non-volatile re-configuration of the in-plane direction of the superconducting channels by changing the orientation of the stripe domains in the Permalloy. We discuss the influence of magnetic domain structure on Abrikosov vortex dynamics in this system. C1 [Karapetrov, Goran; Belkin, Andrey; Novosad, Valentyn; Iavarone, Maria; Fedor, Jan; Pearson, John E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Belkin, Andrey] IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Petrean-Troncalli, Andra] Austin Coll, Dept Phys, Sherman, TX 75090 USA. RP Karapetrov, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM goran@anl.gov; atroncalli@austincollege.edu RI Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008 OI Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137 FU UChicago Argonne; LLC; Operator of Argonne National Laboratory; US Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work as well as the use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a US Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory, is operated under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3471 EP 3474 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018824 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200225 ER PT J AU Kuit, KH Kirtley, JR Clem, JR Rogalla, H Flokstra, J AF Kuit, Kristiaan H. Kirtley, John R. Clem, John R. Rogalla, Horst Flokstra, Jaap TI Vortex Trapping and Expulsion in Thin-Film Type-II Superconducting Strips SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Critical field; scanning SQUID microscope; vortex trapping AB Vortex trapping is investigated in thin-film strips of superconducting material. We present a model for the critical field above which vortex trapping occurs in these strips. This model includes the pairing energy of vortex-antivortex pairs in addition to the energy of single vortices. Experimental verification of the model with a scanning SQUID microscope shows very good agreement between the model and experiments on YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) and Nb strips. Statistical analysis of the vortex distribution in the strips above the critical field has been performed and a comparison has been made between Nb and YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-delta) for the distributions in the lateral and longitudinal directions. C1 [Kuit, Kristiaan H.; Rogalla, Horst; Flokstra, Jaap] Univ Twente, Low Temp Div, Mesa Inst Nanotechnol, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Kirtley, John R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA. [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Clem, John R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kuit, KH (reprint author), Univ Twente, Low Temp Div, Mesa Inst Nanotechnol, POB 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. EM k.h.kuit@tnw.utwente.nl FU Dutch MicroNED; Center for Probing the Nanoscale; NSF NSEC [PHY-0425897]; Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This work was supported by the Dutch MicroNED program. J. R. Kirtley was supported by the Center for Probing the Nanoscale, an NSF NSEC, NSF Grant PHY-0425897. J. R. Clem was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3537 EP 3540 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2018080 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200241 ER PT J AU Grilli, F Sirois, F Laforest, M Ashworth, SP AF Grilli, Francesco Sirois, Frederic Laforest, Marc Ashworth, Stephen P. TI Periodic Space-Time Formulation for Numerical AC Loss Computation in Superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE AC losses; finite-element method; numerical methods; space-time ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD AB In this paper we present a new model for computing the current density and field distributions in superconductors by means of a finite element (FE) periodic space-time (PST) formulation. By considering the time as a space dimension, and considering periodic excitations for the applied field or transport current, we can use a static model to solve this time dependent problem. This approach has the potential to overcome one of the major problems of FE modeling of superconductors: the length of simulations, even for relatively simple cases. In this paper we show our first results for different cases of superconductors with AC magnetic fields and currents. Results are compared with those of standard time-dependent methods and analytical solutions. C1 [Grilli, Francesco; Sirois, Frederic; Laforest, Marc] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Ashworth, Stephen P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Grilli, F (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. EM f.grilli@polymtl.ca; f.sirois@polymtl.ca; marc.laforest@polymtl.ca; ashworth@lanl.gov RI Sirois, Frederic/F-3736-2010 OI Sirois, Frederic/0000-0003-0372-9449 FU Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS); US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability FX This work was supported by the Mathematics of Information Technology and Complex System (MITACS) network and by the US DOE Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3565 EP 3568 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019016 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200248 ER PT J AU Coulter, JY Holesinger, TG Kennison, JA Willis, JO Rupich, MW AF Coulter, James Yates Holesinger, Terry G. Kennison, John A. Willis, Jeffrey O. Rupich, Martin W. TI Nondestructive Investigation of Position Dependent I-c Variations in Multi-Meter Coated Conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Anisotropy; coated conductor; critical current density; long length characterization ID FILMS AB A coated conductor wire produced by the MOD-RA-BiTS process was nondestructively characterized for I-c uniformity along its length. Regions of interest were identified by variations in the I-c-n value relationship. These regions were investigated using I-c(B, angle) and I-c (B parallel to c) measurements. It was found that the conductor properties vary from isotropic to anisotropic over a length of a few centimeters. Additionally, the exponent of the power law fit to the field dependence is shown to vary between 0.84 and 0.67. The position dependence of I-c was then measured at two field orientations, H parallel to c and H parallel to ab, along the conductor in a new two measuring stage system. This system allows rapid characterization of a long conductor while providing easily interpreted data on the source of variations. C1 [Coulter, James Yates; Holesinger, Terry G.; Kennison, John A.; Willis, Jeffrey O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rupich, Martin W.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Devons, MA 01434 USA. RP Coulter, JY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jycoulter@lanl.gov; holesinger@lanl.gov; jkennison@lanl.gov; jwillis@lanl.gov; mrupich@amsc.com FU U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Superconductivity for Electric Systems Program FX This work was supported by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Superconductivity for Electric Systems Program. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 3609 EP 3613 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019252 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 474KM UT WOS:000268282200258 ER PT J AU Mudawar, I Bharathan, D Kelly, K Narumanchi, S AF Mudawar, Issam Bharathan, Desikan Kelly, Kenneth Narumanchi, Sreekant TI Two-Phase Spray Cooling of Hybrid Vehicle Electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPONENTS AND PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE Boiling; critical heat flux (CHF); dielectric coolant; hybrid vehicles; phase change; power electronics; refrigerant; sprays ID CRITICAL HEAT-FLUX AB As part of the U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Power Electronics and Electric Machines program area, the DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is currently leading a national effort to develop next-generation cooling technologies for hybrid vehicle electronics. Spray cooling has been identified as a potential solution that can dissipate 150-200 W/cm(2) while maintaining the chip temperature below 125 degrees C. This paper explores the viability and implementation of this cooling scheme. First, commercial coolants are assessed for their suitability to this application in terms of thermal, environmental, and safety concerns and material compatibility. In this assessment, HFE-7100 is identified as the optimum coolant in all performance categories. Next, spray models are used to determine the HFE-7100 spray conditions that meet such stringent heat dissipation requirements. These findings are verified experimentally, demonstrating that spray cooling is a viable thermal management solution for hybrid vehicle electronics. C1 [Mudawar, Issam] Mudawar Thermal Syst, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Bharathan, Desikan; Kelly, Kenneth; Narumanchi, Sreekant] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mudawar, I (reprint author), Mudawar Thermal Syst, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM im@mudawar.com OI Narumanchi, Sreekant/0000-0001-5337-6069 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [YEV-6-55511-01]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX Manuscript received April 04, 2008. First published February 06, 2009; current version published July 22, 2009. This work was supported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Subcontract YEV-6-55511-01 under the U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC36-99GO10337. This work was recommended for publication by Associate Editor M. Arik upon evaluation of the reviewers comments. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1521-3331 J9 IEEE T COMPON PACK T JI IEEE Trans. Compon. Packaging Technol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 32 IS 2 BP 501 EP 512 DI 10.1109/TCAPT.2008.2006907 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 474KS UT WOS:000268282800032 ER PT J AU Kobayashi, K Hanada, M Akino, N Sasaki, S Ikeda, Y Takahashi, M Yamano, Y Kobayashi, S Grisham, LR AF Kobayashi, Kaoru Hanada, Masaya Akino, Noboru Sasaki, Shunichi Ikeda, Yoshitaka Takahashi, Masahiro Yamano, Yasushi Kobayashi, Shinichi Grisham, Larry R. TI Characteristics of Voltage Holding Capability in Multi-stage Large Electrostatic Accelerator for Fusion Application SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Electrodes; electrostatic accelerator; ion source; vacuum breakdown ID ION BASED NBI; JT-60U AB Voltage holding capability of a 500 kV, 22 A three-stage electrostatic accelerator, where large-area grids of 0.28 m(2) and large fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) insulators of 1.8 in in diameter are used, was examined. High voltage was independently applied to each acceleration stage, where the voltage holding capabilities of 130 kV were obtained. To identify whether the breakdowns occur in the gaps between the grids or the FRP insulators, high voltages were applied to the accelerator with and without the grids. Breakdown voltages without grids, i.e., the FRP insulator itself reached 170 kV of design value for each stage. These results show that the breakdown voltage of the accelerator was mainly determined by the gaps between the large-area grids. In this paper, the influence of non-uniform electric field and multi-stage grids on the voltage holding capabilities was also discussed. C1 [Kobayashi, Kaoru; Hanada, Masaya; Akino, Noboru; Sasaki, Shunichi; Ikeda, Yoshitaka] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. [Takahashi, Masahiro; Yamano, Yasushi; Kobayashi, Shinichi] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Sakura Ku, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Grisham, Larry R.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kobayashi, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 801-1 Mukohyama, Naka, Ibaraki 3190193, Japan. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 16 IS 3 BP 871 EP 875 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 458PE UT WOS:000267035200038 ER PT J AU Omitaomu, OA Ganguly, AR Patton, BW Protopopescu, VA AF Omitaomu, Olufemi A. Ganguly, Auroop R. Patton, Bruce W. Protopopescu, Vladimir A. TI Anomaly Detection in Radiation Sensor Data With Application to Transportation Security SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Anomaly detection; border and transportation security; illicit radioactive material; weigh station ID NETWORKS; REPRESENTATION; COMMUNICATION; DECOMPOSITION; WAVELETS AB In this paper, we present a new approach for detecting trucks transporting illicit radioactive materials using radiation data. The approach is motivated by the high number of false alarms that typically results when using radiation portal monitors. Our approach is a three-stage anomaly detection process that consists of transforming the radiation sensor data into wavelet coefficients, representing the transformed data in binary form, and detecting anomalies among data sets using a proximity-based method. The approach is evaluated using simulated radiation data, and the results are encouraging. From a transportation security perspective, our results indicate that the concomitant use of gross count and spectroscopy radiation, data improves identification of trucks transporting illicit radioactive materials. The results also suggest that the use of additional heterogeneous data with radiation data may enhance the reliability of the detection process. Further testing with real radiation data and mixture of cargo is needed to fully validate the results. C1 [Omitaomu, Olufemi A.; Ganguly, Auroop R.; Protopopescu, Vladimir A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Patton, Bruce W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Omitaomu, OA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM omitaomuoa@ornl.gov; gangulyar@ornl.gov; pattonbw@ornl.gov; protopopesva@ornl.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The Associate Editor for this paper was D. Zeng. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1524-9050 J9 IEEE T INTELL TRANSP JI IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 10 IS 2 BP 324 EP 334 DI 10.1109/TITS.2009.2020190 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 455QQ UT WOS:000266778300011 ER PT J AU Yeddulla, M Tantawi, S Guo, JQ Dolgashev, V AF Yeddulla, Muralidhar Tantawi, Sami Guo, Jiquan Dolgashev, Valery TI An Analytical Design and Analysis Method for a High-Power Circular to Rectangular Waveguide Mode Converter and Its Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Accelerator RF systems; coupled mode analysis; electrodynamics; electromagnetic analysis; electromagnetic fields; high-power RF; microwave devices; microwave power transmission; waveguides AB An analytical method to estimate the scattering of RF power into multiple modes inside a nonuniform waveguide using perturbation techniques is presented. This method is quite general, much faster than numerical methods, and may be applied to a wide variety of nonuniform waveguides. We have used this method to design and analyze a three-section mode transformer that converts a TE(01) circular waveguide mode to a TE(20) rectangular waveguide mode. This mode converter is specially suitable for use in ultra-high-power applications. Due to the complexity of the problem, we have used the symbolic solver Mathematica to produce most of our analytical results. The results match within reasonable accuracy with High Frequency Structure Simulator field solver simulations. We also present the application of this mode converter to variety of ultra-high-power microwave components and experimentally show the performance of these devices. C1 [Yeddulla, Muralidhar; Tantawi, Sami; Guo, Jiquan; Dolgashev, Valery] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Yeddulla, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1516 EP 1525 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2009.2020781 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 459RS UT WOS:000267126000012 ER PT J AU Studenski, MT Gilland, DR Parker, JG Hammond, B Majewski, S Weisenberger, AG Popov, V AF Studenski, Matthew T. Gilland, David R. Parker, Jason G. Hammond, B. Majewski, Stan Weisenberger, Andrew G. Popov, Vladimir TI Performance Evaluation of a Bedside Cardiac SPECT System SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cardiac SPECT; mobile SPECT; 511 keV SPECT AB This paper reports on the initial performance evaluation of a bedside cardiac PET/SPECT system. The system was designed to move within a hospital to image critically-ill patients, for example, those in intensive care unit (ICU) or emergency room settings, who cannot easily be transported to a conventional SPECT or PET facility. The system uses two compact (25 cm x 25 cm) detectors with pixilated NaI crystals and position sensitive PMTs. The performance is evaluated for both 140 keV (Tc-99m) and 511 keV (F-18) emitters with the system operating in single photon counting (SPECT) mode. The imaging performance metrics or both 140 keV and 511 keV included intrinsic energy resolution, spatial resolution (intrinsic, system, and reconstructed SPECT), detection sensitivity, count rate capability, and uniformity. Results demonstrated an intrinsic energy resolution of 31% at 140 keV and 23% at 511 keV, a planar intrinsic spatial resolution of 5.6 mm full width half-maximum (FWHM) at 140 keV and 6.3 mm FWHM at 511 keV, and a sensitivity of 4.15 counts . mu Ci(-1) . s(-1) at 140 keV and 0.67 counts . mu Ci(-1) . s(-1) at 511 keV. To further the study, a SPECT acquisition using a dynamic cardiac phantom was performed, and the resulting reconstructed images are presented. C1 [Studenski, Matthew T.] Univ Florida, Nucl & Radiol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gilland, David R.] Univ Florida, Dept Biomed Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Gilland, David R.] Univ Florida, Nucl & Radiol Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Parker, Jason G.] Wright State Univ, Innovat Ctr, Kettering Hlth Network, Dayton, OH 45402 USA. [Parker, Jason G.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Dayton, OH 45402 USA. [Hammond, B.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Majewski, Stan; Weisenberger, Andrew G.; Popov, Vladimir] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Detector Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Studenski, MT (reprint author), Univ Florida, Nucl & Radiol Engn Dept, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM mstudens@ufl.edu; gilland@ufl.edu; Jason.Parker@khnetwork.org; whmmond@gmail.com; majewski@jlab.org; drew@jlab.org; popov@jlab.org OI Hammond, William/0000-0001-9535-7974; Parker, Jason/0000-0002-0373-5569 FU U.S. Army Medical Research and Material [W81XWH-04-1-0594] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command under Award No. W81XWH-04-1-0594. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 625 EP 632 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2013468 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LX UT WOS:000267434800014 ER PT J AU Burger, A Derenzo, S Moses, B Luke, P Archer, D Bolotnikov, A Boston, A Fabris, L Franks, L Friedrich, S Iwanczyk, JS Kernan, W Payne, S Rockett, P Royle, G Rozenfeld, A Sellin, P Sjoden, G Sturm, B AF Burger, Arnold Derenzo, Steve Moses, Bill Luke, Paul Archer, Dan Bolotnikov, Aleksey Boston, Andy Fabris, Lorenzo Franks, Larry Friedrich, Stephan Iwanczyk, Jan S. Kernan, Warnick Payne, Steve Rockett, Paul Royle, Gary Rozenfeld, Anatoly Sellin, Paul Sjoden, Glenn Sturm, Benjamin TI Conference Comments by the Editors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Derenzo, Steve; Moses, Bill; Luke, Paul] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Archer, Dan; Fabris, Lorenzo] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bolotnikov, Aleksey] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Boston, Andy] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. [Friedrich, Stephan; Payne, Steve; Sturm, Benjamin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kernan, Warnick] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Royle, Gary] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Rozenfeld, Anatoly] Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Sellin, Paul] Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. [Sjoden, Glenn] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Burger, A (reprint author), Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 724 EP 724 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022292 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900001 ER PT J AU Popov, V Degtiarenko, P AF Popov, Vladimir Degtiarenko, Pavel TI Pulse-Mode Readout Electronics for Ionization Chambers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Data acquisition; data processing; dosimetry; environmental radiation monitoring; ionization chambers; radiation detectors AB Initial results of evaluation of a new highly sensitive readout system for use with ionization chamber environmental low level radiation detectors are presented. The designed readout provides low noise shaping and filtering of the signals from the individual ionization events in such detectors, and also provides interface to the external continuously running Data Acquisition system. A dedicated analog to digital converter operating at a sampling rate in the range of 50 to 200 kHz and the developed data processing algorithms allow extraction of the ionization event signals from the data flow and measurement of the ionization value for each event in the detector. Such measurement provides an opportunity to roughly characterize the energy spectrum of the observed environmental radiation field. The new readout was installed in a commercial Reuter-Stokes High Pressure Ionization Chamber. The Data Acquisition system was assembled using the M-Audio Audiophile 192 High-Definition 24-bit/192 kHz audio PCI card installed in a PC computer operating under LINUX OS. The ionization chamber with installed electronics was tested in operation in several locations around the site at the CEBAF accelerator for continuous monitoring of very small, less than 0.2 mu rem/h, dose variations correlated to the accelerator operations. The results indicate feasibility of using this technique in setups where a very high sensitivity and stability of environmental radiation dose measurements is required and there is a need for detecting small man-generated signals in the presence of larger and variable natural radiation background. C1 [Popov, Vladimir; Degtiarenko, Pavel] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Popov, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM popov@jlab.org NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 752 EP 757 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2012855 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900006 ER PT J AU Takeda, S Aono, H Okuyama, S Ishikawa, S Odaka, H Watanabe, S Kokubun, M Takahashi, T Nakazawa, K TajimaHiro, H Kawachi, N AF Takeda, Shin'ichiro Aono, Hiroyuki Okuyama, Sho Ishikawa, Shin-nosuke Odaka, Hirokazu Watanabe, Shin Kokubun, Motohide Takahashi, Tadayuki Nakazawa, Kazuhiro TajimaHiro, Hiroyasu Kawachi, Naoki TI Experimental Results of the Gamma-Ray Imaging Capability With a Si/CdTe Semiconductor Compton Camera SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE CdTe detector; Compton camera; gamma-ray imaging; silicon strip detector ID SILICON STRIP DETECTOR; RESOLUTION; TELESCOPE AB A semiconductor Compton camera that combines silicon (Si) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) detectors was developed, and its imaging capability was examined with various kinds of gamma-ray targets such as a point source, arranged point sources and an extended source. The camera consists of one double-sided Si strip detector and four layers of CdTe pad detectors, and was designed to minimize the distance between a scatterer and the target. This is because the spatial resolution with Compton imaging improves as the target approaches the scatterer. This new camera realizes a minimum distance of 25 mm. By placing the target at a distance of 30 mm from the detector, resolving power better than 3 mm was demonstrated experimentally for a 364 keV ((131)I) gamma-ray. Positional determination with accuracy of 1 mm was also demonstrated. As a deconvolution method, we selected the iteration algorithm (called List-Mode Expectation-Maximizing Maximum Likelihood), and applied it to several kinds of experimental data. The Compton back projection images of the arranged point sources and an extended object were successfully deconvolved. C1 [Takeda, Shin'ichiro; Aono, Hiroyuki; Okuyama, Sho; Ishikawa, Shin-nosuke; Odaka, Hirokazu; Watanabe, Shin; Kokubun, Motohide; Takahashi, Tadayuki; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [TajimaHiro, Hiroyasu] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kawachi, Naoki] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Gunma 3701292, Japan. RP Takeda, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. EM takeda@astro.isas.jaxa.jp; aono@astro.isas.jaxa.jp; okuyama@amalthea.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ishikawa@astro.isas.jaxa.jp; odaka@astro.isas.jaxa.jp; watanabe@astro.isas.jaxa.jp; kokubun@astro.isas.jaxa.jp; takahasi@astro.isas.jaxa.jp; nakazawa@amalthea.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; htajima@slac.stanford.edu; kawachi.naoki@jaea.go.jp NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2012059 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900011 ER PT J AU Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Cui, Y Hossain, A Yang, G Yao, HW James, RB AF Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Hossain, A. Yang, G. Yao, H. W. James, R. B. TI Internal Electric-Field-Lines Distribution in CdZnTe Detectors Measured Using X-Ray Mapping SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE CdZnTe; crystal defects; radiation detectors ID RADIATION DETECTORS AB The ideal operation of CdZnTe devices entails having a uniformly distributed internal electric field. Such uniformity especially is critical for thick long-drift-length detectors, such as large-volume CPG and 3-D multi-pixel devices. Using a high-spatial resolution X-ray mapping technique, we investigated the distribution of the electric field in real devices. Our measurements demonstrate that in thin detectors, < 5 mm, the electric field-lines tend to bend away from the side surfaces (i.e., a focusing effect). In thick detectors, > 1 cm, with a large aspect ratio (thickness-to-width ratio), we observed two effects: the electric field lines bending away from or towards the side surfaces, which we called, respectively, the focusing field-line distribution and the defocusing field-line distribution. In addition to these large-scale variations, the field-line distributions were locally perturbed by the presence of extended defects and residual strains existing inside the crystals. We present our data clearly demonstrating the non-uniformity of the internal electric field. C1 [Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Hossain, A.; Yang, G.; Yao, H. W.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 791 EP 794 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007904 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900012 ER PT J AU Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN Chen, H Awadalla, SA Redden, R Bindley, G AF Amman, Mark Lee, Julie S. Luke, Paul N. Chen, Henry Awadalla, Salah A. Redden, Robert Bindley, Glenn TI Evaluation of THM-Grown CdZnTe Material for Large-Volume Gamma-Ray Detector Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE CdZnTe detectors; gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors; charge carrier lifetime; charge carrier mobility ID CRYSTALS AB Over 25 1-cm(3) CdZnTe crystals produced using the Traveling Heater Method at Redlen Technologies have been characterized. The charge carrier mobility and lifetime, and charge carrier transport uniformity of each crystal were measured using alpha particles. Some of the crystals were made into coplanar-grid detectors and their performance characterized using 662 keV gamma rays. The average electron mobility-lifetime product for these crystals was found to be a factor of about five times greater than that measured from crystals obtained over the last decade from two other commercial crystal growers. The coplanar-grid detectors produced from the material typically achieved an energy resolution at 662 keV near 2% FWHM when operated at room temperature. This is comparable to the best coplanar-grid detectors commercially produced today. C1 [Amman, Mark; Lee, Julie S.; Luke, Paul N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Henry; Awadalla, Salah A.; Redden, Robert; Bindley, Glenn] Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC V8L 5Y8, Canada. RP Amman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mark_amman@lbl.gov; pnluke@lbl.gov; henry.chen@redlen.com NR 9 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 795 EP 799 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2010402 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900013 ER PT J AU Luke, PN Tindall, CS Amman, M AF Luke, Paul N. Tindall, Craig S. Amman, Mark TI Proximity Charge Sensing With Semiconductor Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Charge sensing; imaging detectors; position-sensitive detectors; semiconductor detectors ID RESISTIVE CATHODE AB Semiconductor radiation detectors are routinely used for the detection, imaging, and spectroscopy of gamma-ray, x-ray, and charged particles. In basic form, a detector is comprised of a semiconductor crystal with two or more electrodes formed on its surfaces. Besides allowing for the application of bias voltage, one or more of the electrodes on a detector also serve as readout electrode. Charge carriers drifting across the detector induce a charge signal on the electrode, which can then be measured by a charge-sensitive amplifier connected to the electrode. Although in general the readout electrodes of a detector are formed on the detector itself, charge can be induced on any electrode, even. if the electrode is not physically in contact with the semiconductor. Such proximity charge sensing effects can be utilized to achieve a variety of advantages in applications involving semiconductor detectors. In this paper, we report on the experimental verification of signal readout using proximity electrodes and demonstrate several possible applications of this technique, including the position-sensitive readout of detectors and the sensing of incomplete charge collection in detectors as a means to reduce spectral background. C1 [Luke, Paul N.; Tindall, Craig S.; Amman, Mark] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luke, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnluke@lbl.gov; cstindall@lbl.gov; mark_amman@lbl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 808 EP 812 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2011483 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900015 ER PT J AU Kim, K Cho, S Suh, J Hong, J Kim, S AF Kim, KiHyun Cho, ShinHang Suh, JongHee Hong, Jinki Kim, SunUng TI Gamma-Ray Response of Semi-Insulating CdMnTe Crystals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE CdMnTe; CdZnTe; compensation; segregation coefficient; sulfur passivation; X-ray detector ID X-RAY; BRIDGMAN METHOD; DETECTORS; GROWTH; CDZNTE; CD1-XMNXTE AB Semi-insulating Cd(0.9)Mn(0.1)Te : In crystals are grown by vertical Bridgman method. The segregation coefficient of Mn in CdTe is nearly 1 so that all the CdMnTe samples obtained from one ingot have nearly a same Mn composition. Also sulfur-based passivation effectively prevent the formation of Te-oxide but large amount of Mn exist as a MnO on the CdMnTe surface. The resistivity of CdMnTe samples are low 10(10) Omega cm and well resolved (241)Am gamma peaks are seen for all detectors. The difference in spectral response can be attributed to the effect of excess Te and conductivity change due to over-compensation induced by indium segregation in CdMnTe. The mobility-lifetime products evaluated from the dependence of peak location on the bias voltage are 1 x 10(-3) cm(2)/V. The higher mobility-lifetime products in our CdMnTe crystals than other previous reports are assumed due to minimization of impurity contents in MnTe by several zone refining process. C1 [Kim, KiHyun] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cho, ShinHang; Suh, JongHee; Hong, Jinki; Kim, SunUng] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Chungnam 339800, South Korea. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM khkim@bnl.gov; ilmm80@korea.ac.kr; stallin@korea.ac.kr; hcomet@chol.com; ksu45112@chol.com NR 12 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 858 EP 862 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015662 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900024 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Crum, JV Sundaram, SK Van Ginhoven, RM Seifert, CE Riley, BJ Ryan, JV AF Johnson, Bradley R. Crum, Jarrod V. Sundaram, S. K. Van Ginhoven, Renee M. Seifert, Carolyn E. Riley, Brian J. Ryan, Joseph V. TI DC Ionization Conductivity of Amorphous Semiconductors for Radiation Detection Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Amorphous semiconductors; arsenic tri-selenide As(2)Se(3) DC ionization; cadmium germanium di-arsenide; CdGeAs(2) ID CHALCOGENIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; GLASSES; LIQUID AB DC ionization conductivity measurements were used to characterize the electrical response of amorphous semiconductors to ionizing radiation. Two different glass systems were examined: a chalcopyrite glass (CdGe(x)As(2); for x = 0.45-1.0) with a tetrahedrally coordinated structure and a chalcogenide glass (As(40)Se((60-x))Te(x); where x = 0-12), with a layered or three dimensionally networked structure, depending on Te content. Changes in DC ionization current were measured as a function of the type of radiation (alpha or gamma), dose rate, applied field, specimen thickness and temperature. The greatest DC ionization response was measured with CdGe(0.85)As(2) at -40 degrees C from an alpha source (which is the first reported result for radiation response from an amorphous chalcopyrite semiconductor). Avalanche gain was observed in As(40)Se(60) with exposure to alpha radiation at fields >= 7 x 10(3) V/cm. These results demonstrate the potential of these materials for radiation detection applications. C1 [Johnson, Bradley R.; Crum, Jarrod V.; Sundaram, S. K.; Van Ginhoven, Renee M.; Seifert, Carolyn E.; Riley, Brian J.; Ryan, Joseph V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 790 6th St, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Bradley.Johnson@pnl.gov OI Riley, Brian/0000-0002-7745-6730 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 863 EP 868 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2013344 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900025 ER PT J AU van Loef, EV Wilson, CM Cherepy, NJ Hull, G Payne, SA Choong, WS Moses, WW Shah, KS AF van Loef, Edgar V. Wilson, Cody M. Cherepy, Nerine J. Hull, Giulia Payne, Stephen A. Choong, Woon-Seng Moses, William W. Shah, Kanai S. TI Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Strontium Iodide Scintillators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Alkaline-earth halides; crystal growth; energy resolution; scintillation detectors ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; LABR3-CE; CEBR3 AB Single crystals of SrI(2):Eu and SrI(2):Ce/Na were grown from anhydrous iodides by the vertical. Bridgman technique in evacuated silica ampoules. Growth rates were of the order of 5-30 mm/day. Radioluminescence spectra of SrI(2):Eu and SrI(2):Ce/Na exhibit a broad band due to Eu(2+) and Ce(3+) emission, respectively. The maximum in the luminescence spectrum of SrI(2):Eu is found at 435 nm. The spectrum of SrI(2):Ce/Na exhibits a doublet peaking at 404 and 435 mn attributed to Ce(3+) emission, while additional impurity-or defect-related emission is present at approximately 525 nm. The strontium iodide scintillators show very high light yields of up to 120 000 photons/MeV, have energy resolutions down to 3% at 662 keV (Full Width Half Maximum) and exhibit excellent light yield proportionality with a standard deviation of less than 5% between 6 and 460 keV. C1 [van Loef, Edgar V.; Wilson, Cody M.; Shah, Kanai S.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Cherepy, Nerine J.; Hull, Giulia; Payne, Stephen A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Choong, Woon-Seng; Moses, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP van Loef, EV (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM Evan-Loef@RMDInc.com; cherepy1@llnl.gov; wwmoses@lbl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 9 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 869 EP 872 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2013947 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900026 ER PT J AU Cherepy, NJ Payne, SA Asztalos, SJ Hull, G Kuntz, JD Niedermayr, T Pimputkar, S Roberts, JJ Sanner, RD Tillotson, TM van Loef, E Wilson, CM Shah, KS Roy, UN Hawrami, R Burger, A Boatner, LA Choong, WS Moses, WW AF Cherepy, Nerine J. Payne, Steve A. Asztalos, Stephen J. Hull, Giulia Kuntz, Joshua D. Niedermayr, Thomas Pimputkar, Siddha Roberts, Jeffery J. Sanner, Robert D. Tillotson, Thomas M. van Loef, Edgar Wilson, Cody M. Shah, Kanai S. Roy, Utpal N. Hawrami, Rastgo Burger, Arnold Boatner, Lynn A. Choong, Woon-Seng Moses, William W. TI Scintillators With Potential to Supersede Lanthanum Bromide SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Ceramic scintillators; gamma ray spectrometers; scintillators; strontium iodide ID LUTETIUM ALUMINUM GARNET; NON-PROPORTIONALITY; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; ENERGY; SPECTROMETERS; PERFORMANCE; FACILITY; CE3+ AB New scintillators for high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy have been identified, grown and characterized. Our development efforts have focused on two classes of high-light-yield materials: europium-doped alkaline earth halides and cerium-doped garnets. Of the halide single crystals we have grown by the Bridgman method-SrI2, CaI2, SrBr2, BaI2 and BaBr2-SrI2 is the most promising. SrI2 (Eu) emits into the Eu2+ band, centered at 435 nm, with a decay time of 1.2 mu s and a light yield of up to 115,000 photons/MeV. It offers energy resolution better than 3% FWHM at 662 keV, and exhibits excellent light yield proportionality. Transparent ceramic fabrication allows the production of gadolinium- and terbium-based garnets which are not growable by melt techniques due to phase instabilities. The scintillation light yields of cerium-doped ceramic garnets are high, 20,000-100,000 photons/MeV. We are developing an understanding of the mechanisms underlying energy dependent scintillation light yield non-proportionality and how it affects energy resolution. We have also identified aspects of optical design that can be optimized to enhance the energy resolution. C1 [Cherepy, Nerine J.; Payne, Steve A.; Asztalos, Stephen J.; Hull, Giulia; Kuntz, Joshua D.; Niedermayr, Thomas; Pimputkar, Siddha; Roberts, Jeffery J.; Sanner, Robert D.; Tillotson, Thomas M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [van Loef, Edgar; Wilson, Cody M.; Shah, Kanai S.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Roy, Utpal N.; Hawrami, Rastgo; Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37201 USA. [Boatner, Lynn A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Choong, Woon-Seng; Moses, William W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cherepy1@llnl.gov; kanaishah@yahoo.com; aburger@fisk.edu; lb4@ornl.gov; wwmoses@lbl.gov RI Pimputkar, Siddha/C-6440-2013; Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Pimputkar, Siddha/0000-0002-0260-7290; Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 39 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 873 EP 880 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2020165 PN 2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900027 ER PT J AU Porter-Chapman, YD Bourret-Courchesne, ED Bizarri, GA Weber, MJ Derenzo, SE AF Porter-Chapman, Yetta D. Bourret-Courchesne, Edith D. Bizarri, Gregory A. Weber, Marvin J. Derenzo, Stephen E. TI Scintillation and Luminescence Properties of Undoped and Cerium-Doped LlGdCl(4) and NaGdCl4 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Cerium; decay time; gadolinium; luminescence; scintillators ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION SCINTILLATORS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS; EFFICIENT; MECHANISMS AB We report the scintillation properties of the undoped and cerium-doped variations of LiGdCl4 and NaGdCl4. Powder samples of these materials exhibit significant scintillation under X-rays. The samples were synthesized by solid-state methods from a 1:1 molar ratio of lithium or sodium chloride and gadolinium trichloride. Cerium trichloride was used as the dopant. The physical, optical, and scintillation properties of these materials were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, X-ray excited luminescence, and pulsed X-ray luminosity measurements. Increases in light yields are observed as the concentration of cerium increases. The highest light yields occurred at 20% cerium doping for both compounds. At larger concentrations neither compound formed, indicating a breakdown of the lattice with the addition of large amounts of cerium cations. At 20% cerium, LiGdCl4 and NaGdCl4 display scintillation light 3.6 times and 2.2 times the light yield of the reference material, YAlO3 :Ce3+ respectively. Both emit in the ranges of 340-350 nm and 365-370 nm and display multiexponential decays with cerium-like decay components at 33 ns (LiGdCl4 : Ce) and 26 ns (NaGdCl4 : Ce). C1 [Porter-Chapman, Yetta D.; Bourret-Courchesne, Edith D.; Bizarri, Gregory A.; Weber, Marvin J.; Derenzo, Stephen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Porter-Chapman, YD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sederenzo@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 881 EP 886 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2014375 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900028 ER PT J AU Neal, JS DeVito, DM Armstrong, BL Hong, M Kesanli, B Yang, XC Giles, NC Howe, JY Ramey, JO Wisniewski, DJ Wisniewska, M Munir, ZA Boatner, LA AF Neal, John S. DeVito, David M. Armstrong, Beth L. Hong, Mei Kesanli, Banu Yang, Xiaocheng Giles, Nancy C. Howe, Jane Y. Ramey, Joanne O. Wisniewski, Dariusz J. Wisniewska, Monika Munir, Zuhair A. Boatner, Lynn A. TI Investigation of ZnO-Based Polycrystalline Ceramic Scintillators for Use as alpha-Particle Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Associated particle technique; fast scintillators; semiconductor scintillators; zinc oxide ID MATERIALS IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM; NEUTRON GENERATOR; PERFORMANCE; PRESSURE; PBI2; CDS AB ZnO-based scintillators; are particularly well suited for use as the associated particle detector in a deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator. Application requirements include the exclusion of organic materials, outstanding timing resolution, and high radiation resistance. ZnO, ZnO:Ga, ZnO:In, ZnO:In,Li, and ZnO:Er,Li have demonstrated fast (sub-nanosecond) decay times with relatively low light yields. ZnO:Ga has been used in a powder form as the associated particle detector for a D-T neutron generator. Unfortunately, detectors using powders are difficult to assemble and the light yield from powders is less than satisfactory. Single-crystal ZnO of sufficient size has only recently become available. New applications for D-T neutron generators require better timing resolution and higher count rates than are currently available with associated particle detectors using YAP:Ce as the scintillator. Recent work suggests that ZnO-based scintillators can provide alpha-particle-excited light yields comparable to YAP:Ce scintillators. ZnO-based polycrystalline ceramic scintillators offer the advantages of high light yield, ease of fabrication, low cost, and robust mechanical properties. Precursor powders used in these studies include ZnO and ZnO:Ga powders synthesized using solution-phase, urea precipitation, and combustion synthesis techniques as well as ZnO powder from a commercial vendor. Precursor powders have been sintered using uniaxial hot pressing and spark plasma sintering techniques. Photoluminescence measurements have confirmed that, for most samples, the emissions from these sintered bodies consist primarily of slow, visible emissions rather than the desired sub-nanosecond near-band-edge emissions. Subsequent hydrogen treatments have shown significant improvements in the luminescence characteristics of some ceramic bodies, while other samples have shown no change in luminescence. C1 [Neal, John S.; DeVito, David M.; Armstrong, Beth L.; Kesanli, Banu; Howe, Jane Y.; Ramey, Joanne O.; Boatner, Lynn A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hong, Mei; Munir, Zuhair A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yang, Xiaocheng; Giles, Nancy C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Neal, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nealjs1@ornl.gov; devitodm@ornl.gov; armstrongbl@ornl.gov; meihong@ucdavis.edu; kesanlib@ornl.gov; xchyang1968@yahoo.com; nancy.giles@mail.wvu.edu; howej@ornl.gov; rameyjo@ornl.gov; wisniewskidj@ornl.gov; wisniewskamn@ornl.gov; zamunir@ucdavis.edu; boatnerla@ornl.gov RI Howe, Jane/G-2890-2011; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; Neal, John/R-8203-2016; Armstrong, Beth/E-6752-2017 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; Neal, John/0000-0001-8337-5235; Armstrong, Beth/0000-0001-7149-3576 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 32 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 892 EP 898 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2004702 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900030 ER PT J AU Hull, G Zaitseva, NP Cherepy, NJ Newby, JR Stoeffl, W Payne, SA AF Hull, Giulia Zaitseva, Natalia P. Cherepy, Nerine J. Newby, Jason R. Stoeffl, Wolfgang Payne, Stephen A. TI New Organic Crystals for Pulse Shape Discrimination SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Neutron detectors; scintillation detectors ID SCINTILLATORS; DETECTORS AB Efficient, readily-available, low-cost, high-energy neutron detectors can play a central role in detecting illicit nuclear weapons since neutrons are a strong indication for the presence of fissile material such as Plutonium and Highly-Enriched Uranium. The main challenge in detecting fast neutrons consists in the discrimination of the signal from the gamma radiation background. At present, the only well-investigated organic crystal scintillator for fast neutron detection, in a n/gamma mixed field, is stilbene, which while offering good pulse shape discrimination, is not widely used because of its limited availability and high cost. In this work we report the results of our studies made with a number of new organic crystals, which exhibit pulse shape discrimination for detection of fast neutrons. In particular 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene features a light yield higher than anthracene and a Figure of Merit (FOM) for the pulse shape discrimination better than stilbene. New crystals are good candidates for the low-cost solution growth method, thus representing promising organic scintillators for widespread deployment for high-energy neutron detection. C1 [Hull, Giulia; Zaitseva, Natalia P.; Cherepy, Nerine J.; Newby, Jason R.; Stoeffl, Wolfgang; Payne, Stephen A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hull, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hull8@llnl.gov; zaitseva1@llnl.gov; cherepy1@llnl.gov; newby5@llnl.gov; stoeffl1@llnl.gov; payne3@llnl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013; OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 899 EP 903 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015944 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900031 ER PT J AU Zhang, YW Xiang, X Rausch, JL Zu, XT Weber, WJ AF Zhang, Yanwen Xiang, Xia Rausch, Julie L. Zu, Xiaotao Weber, W. J. TI Ion Technique for Identifying Gamma Detector Candidates SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Ion excitation; light yield; signal detection; signal resolution ID INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; LIGHT YIELD; HEAVY-IONS AB Recent demands for radiation detector materials with better energy resolution at room temperature have prompted research efforts on both accelerated material discovery and efficient analysis techniques. Ions can easily deposit their energy in thin films or small crystals, and the radiation response can be used to identify material properties relevant to detector performance. In an effort to identify gamma detector candidates using small crystals or film samples, an ion technique is developed to measure relative light yield and energy resolution of candidate materials, and to evaluate radiation detection performance. Employing a unique time-of-flight (TOF) telescope, light yield and energy resolution resulting from ion excitation are investigated over a continuous energy region. The efficiency of this ion technique is demonstrated using both organic (plastic scintillator) and inorganic (CaF(2) : Eu, YAP:Ce, CsI:TI and BGO) scintillators. C1 [Zhang, Yanwen; Rausch, Julie L.; Weber, W. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xiang, Xia; Zu, Xiaotao] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Dept Appl Phys, Chengdu 610054, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, YW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yanwen.Zhang@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 920 EP 925 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2011640 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900035 ER PT J AU Canning, A Boutchko, R Chaudhry, A Derenzo, SE AF Canning, Andrew Boutchko, Rostyslav Chaudhry, Anurag Derenzo, Stephen E. TI First-Principles Studies and Predictions of Scintillation in Ce-Doped Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Cerium-doped; first-principles; scintillators AB A theoretical approach based on first-principles calculations is used to select candidate Ce activated scintillator materials for synthesis. Our theoretical approach involves the calculation of the ground state band structure of the Ce-doped material as well as the calculation of the (Ce3+)* excited state. From our theoretical studies of known scintillators and non-scintillators we have developed a set of criteria that are necessary characteristics of bright Ce activated scintillators. Applying these criteria to new compounds we were able to successfully predict that Ba2YCl7 : Ce would be a bright scintillator. C1 [Canning, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boutchko, Rostyslav; Chaudhry, Anurag; Derenzo, Stephen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Canning, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM acanning@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 944 EP 948 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2019645 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900039 ER PT J AU Chaudhry, A Canning, A Boutchko, R Porter-Chapman, YD Bourret-Courchesne, E Derenzo, SE Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Chaudhry, Anurag Canning, Andrew Boutchko, Rostyslav Porter-Chapman, Yetta Denise Bourret-Courchesne, Edith Derenzo, Stephen E. Gronbech-Jensen, Niels TI First Principles Calculations for Scintillation in Ce-Doped Y and La Oxyhalides SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Cerium-doped; first-principles; oxyhalides; scintillators ID ELECTRON-GAS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB This work presents the results of first principles electronic structure calculations for Cerium (Ce) doped Yttrium (Y) and Lanthanum (La) oxyhalides; performed using the pseudopotential method based on the local density approximation in the density functional theory. The relative position of the Ce 4f and 5d levels in the energy gap of the host are determined from the ground-state density of states for the Ce-doped material. Localization of the excited electron is determined from the calculations of the (Ce(3+))* excited state. A qualitative prediction of Ce-activated scintillation is made based on these theoretical calculations. Our approach indicates that Ce-doped Y and La oxyhalides show progressively better luminescence as we move down the periodic table from oxyfluorides to oxyiodides. These families or materials have been synthesized and the experimental results agree qualitatively with our calculations. C1 [Chaudhry, Anurag] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chaudhry, Anurag; Boutchko, Rostyslav; Porter-Chapman, Yetta Denise; Bourret-Courchesne, Edith; Derenzo, Stephen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Canning, Andrew; Gronbech-Jensen, Niels] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gronbech-Jensen, Niels] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chaudhry, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM achaudhry@lbl.gov; acanning@lbl.gov; RBuchko@lbl.go; ydporter-chapman@lbl.gov; edbourret@lbl.gov; sederenzo@lbl.gov; ngjensen@ucdavis.edu NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2013856 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900040 ER PT J AU Boutchko, R Canning, A Chaudhry, A Borade, R Bourret-Courchesne, E Derenzo, SE AF Boutchko, Rostyslav Canning, Andrew Chaudhry, Anurag Borade, Ramesh Bourret-Courchesne, Edith Derenzo, Stephen E. TI Cerium Activated Scintillation in Yttrium Halides: First Principles Theory and Prediction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Ab initio calculations; material science; scintillation; yttrium halides ID PSEUDOPOTENTIALS AB Recently, scintillation has been observed in Cc-doped YI3, YBr3, and YCl3 crystals. In particular, YI3 has been reported to be among the scintillators with the highest luminosity. In this work, we present a systematic study of scintillation in any of the four YHa(3):CC materials where Ha = F, Cl, Br, I, using ab initio calculations. Last year, our group demonstrated successful application of a method of gauging scintillation properties of Ce-doped crystals based on first-principle calculations using density functional theory. This method has been developed as an integral component of a High Throughput Scintillator Discovery facility based at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. By analyzing the energies and spatial localization of the highest occupied band in the ground state and in the lowest excited state, we are able to make qualitative predictions about the possibility of scintillation in Ce-doped compounds. In this paper we present the details of our theoretical approach in application to yttrium halides and compare them with the available experiments. Our results yield a prediction of Ce-based scintillation for all four materials: YF3, YCl3, YBr3 and YI3 and are in correspondence with the available experimental data. We believe that our method is the first use of first-principles calculations to predict some of the factors necessary for the activation of Ce3+ ions in crystals. C1 [Boutchko, Rostyslav; Canning, Andrew; Chaudhry, Anurag; Borade, Ramesh; Bourret-Courchesne, Edith; Derenzo, Stephen E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Boutchko, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rbuchko@lbl.gov NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 17 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 977 EP 981 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2018839 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900046 ER PT J AU Ertley, C Anderson, J Byrum, K Drake, G Frisch, H Genat, JF Sanders, H Tang, F AF Ertley, Camden Anderson, John Byrum, Karen Drake, Gary Frisch, Henry Genat, Jean-Francois Sanders, Harold Tang, Fukun TI Development of Picosecond-Resolution Large-Area Time-of-Flight Systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Cherenkov radiation; micro-channel plates; photodetectors; photomultipliers; time-of-flight; timing jitter AB The measurement of time-of-flight (TOF) of relativistic particles in high-energy colliders with picosecond resolution would qualitatively change the ability to identify underlying parton-level processes at future colliders or upgrades of existing detectors. We have measured the timing properties of three micro-channel plate photo-multiplier tubes (MCPPMTs) from Photonis; one with 1024 anodes and the other two with 64 anodes. The 1024-anode 10-micron pore tube uses a charge-collection scheme at the anode to provide equal arrival time of the signal independent of the hit position of incident light on the face of the tube. The two 64-anode 25-micron pore tubes have a commercially available collection scheme and were used to find a limit on the timing resolution. We have performed these measurements using a newly assembled test-stand based on a Hamamatsu PLP-10 picosecond laser and a commercial CAMAC readout electronics system. We present these results and compare timing properties to earlier versions of the charge collection scheme. C1 [Ertley, Camden; Frisch, Henry; Genat, Jean-Francois; Sanders, Harold; Tang, Fukun] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Anderson, John; Byrum, Karen; Drake, Gary] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ertley, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM camper545@gmail.com; jta@anl.gov; byrum@anl.gov; drake@anl.gov; frisch@hep.uchicago.edu; genat@hep.uchicago.edu; harold@frodo.uchicago.edu; tang@frodo.uchicago.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1042 EP 1045 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016422 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900058 ER PT J AU Li, SD Matis, HS Xuong, NH Kleinfelder, S AF Li, Shengdong Matis, Howard S. Xuong, Nguyen-Huu Kleinfelder, Stuart TI Modeling and Analysis of Charged-Particle CMOS Image Sensor Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Active pixel sensor; image sensors; ionization; Monte Carlo simulation; photodiodes ID ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; COLLECTION; DETECTOR; SIMULATION; DEVICES; CROSSTALK AB Direct-detection CMOS image sensors optimized for charged-particle imaging applications, such as electron microscopy and particle physics, have been designed, fabricated and characterized. Based on standard silicon CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) technology, the sensor arrays uses an 8 to 20 mu m epitaxial layer that acts as a thicker sensitive region in the generation and collection of ionization electrons resulting from impinging high-energy particles. A range of optimizations to this technology have been developed via simulation and experimental device design. These include the simulation and measurement of charge collection efficiency versus recombination, effect of diode size and stray capacitance versus signal gain and noise, and the effect of different epitaxial silicon depths and the energy of incident electrons. Results from several experimental devices are presented and compared with simulations, including measurements from two prototypes that systematically and independently vary pixel pitch and diode area. C1 [Li, Shengdong; Kleinfelder, Stuart] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Matis, Howard S.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xuong, Nguyen-Huu] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Li, SD (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM shengdol@uci.edu; hsmatis@lbl.gov; xuong@ucsd.edu; stuartk@uci.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1062 EP 1068 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015303 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900062 ER PT J AU Kleinfelder, S Chiang, SHW Huang, W Shah, A Kwiatkowski, K AF Kleinfelder, Stuart Chiang, Shiuh-Hua Wood Huang, Wei Shah, Ashish Kwiatkowski, Kris TI High-Speed, High Dynamic-Range Optical Sensor Arrays SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Image sensors; intelligent sensors; optical signal detection AB A monolithic solid-state linear sensor array has been designed and fabricated in a 0.35 mu m, 3.3 V, thin-oxide digital CMOS process. The sensor arrays are targetted at such instruments and applications as digital streak cameras, 2-D cameras for proton radiography, and fiber-optic array readout. The prototype consists of a I-D linear array of 150 integrated photodiodes, followed by fast analog buffers and on-chip, 150-deep analog frame storage. Frame storage consists of 150 analog sample circuits per pixel, with each sample circuit including an n-channel sample switch, a 0.1 pF double- polysilicon sample capacitor, a reset switch to clear the capacitor, and a multiplexed source-follower readout buffer. Sampling speeds of 400 M-frames/s have been achieved using electrical input signals, and 100 MHz with optical input signals, both with a dynamic range of similar to 11.5 bits, rms. Circuit design details are presented, along with the results of electrical measurements and optical experiments with fast pulsed laser light sources at several wavelengths. A set of next-generation concept designs are also presented that aims to include PLL-based clock multiplication for 1 GHz continuous sampling, plus a new real-time trigger circuit technique that examines windowed regions of stored samples to form a sophisticated trigger decision. C1 [Kleinfelder, Stuart; Chiang, Shiuh-Hua Wood; Huang, Wei; Shah, Ashish] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Kwiatkowski, Kris] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kleinfelder, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM stuartk@uci.edu; shiuhhuc@uci.edu; whuang4@uci.edu; ashah@uci.edu; krisk@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1069 EP 1075 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015301 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900063 ER PT J AU Friedrich, S Hertrich, T Drury, OB Cherepy, NJ Hohne, J AF Friedrich, Stephan Hertrich, Theo Drury, Owen B. Cherepy, Nerine J. Hoehne, Jens TI A Superconducting Tunnel Junction X-Ray Spectrometer Without Liquid Cryogens SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Adiabatic demagnetization; cooling; pulse tube refrigerator; STJ X-ray detector; strontium iodide; superconducting devices ID ENERGY-RESOLUTION; DETECTORS; TEMPERATURES; SPECTROSCOPY; SCINTILLATOR; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; SCIENCE; NOISE; FILMS AB Superconducting tunnel junctions (STJs) are being developed as X-ray detectors because they combine the high energy resolution of cryogenic detector technologies with the high count rate capabilities of athermal devices. We have built STJ spectrometers for chemical analysis of dilute samples by high-resolution soft X-ray spectroscopy at the synchrotron. The instruments use 36 pixels of 200 mu m x 200 mu m Nb-Al-AlOx-Al-Nb STJs with 165 nm thick Nb absorber films. They have achieved an energy resolution of similar to 10-20 eV FWHM for X-ray energies below 1 keV, and can be operated at a total count rate of similar to 10(6) counts/s. For increased user-friendliness, we have built a liquid-cryogen-free refrigerator based on a two-stage pulse tube cryocooler in combination with a two-stage adiabatic demagnetization stage. It holds the STJ detector at the end of a 40-cm-long cold finger, and attains the required operating temperature of similar to 0.3 K at the push of a button. We describe the instrument performance and present speciation measurements on Eu dopant activators in the novel scintillator material SrI(2) to illustrate the potential for STJ spectrometers at the synchrotron. C1 [Friedrich, Stephan; Drury, Owen B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hertrich, Theo; Hoehne, Jens] VeriCold Technol GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany. [Cherepy, Nerine J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Friedrich, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Detector Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM friedrich1@llnl.gov; cherepy1@llnl.gov; jens.hoehne@vericold.com RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1089 EP 1096 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2014062 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900066 ER PT J AU Drury, OB Yong, GJ Kolagani, RM Liang, Y Gardner, CS Ables, E Fong, KW Bionta, RM Friedrich, S AF Drury, Owen B. Yong, Grace J. Kolagani, Rajeswari M. Liang, Yong Gardner, Christopher S. Ables, Elden Fong, Kirby W. Bionta, Richard M. Friedrich, Stephan TI Fabrication of Cryogenic Manganite Bolometers to Measure the Total Energy at the LCLS Free Electron X-Ray Laser SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Bolometers; CMR materials; free electron lasers; linac coherent light source; NSMO; radiation detectors ID THIN-FILMS; WAVELENGTH; LINAC AB We are developing cryogenic bolometers to measure the total energy of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free electron X-ray laser that is currently being built at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. LCLS will produce ultrashort similar to 200 fs X-ray laser pulses with similar to 10(13) photons at 0.8 keV up to similar to 10(12) photons at 8 keV per pulse at a repeat interval as short as 8 Ins, and will be accompanied by a halo of spontaneous undulator radiation. Our bolometer consists of a 375 mu m thick Si absorber and a Nd(0.67)Sr(0.33)MnO(3) sensor operated at its metal-insulator transition. It will measure the total energy of each pulse with a precision of <1%, and is designed to meet the conflicting requirements of radiation hardness, sensitivity, linearity over a dynamic range of three orders of magnitude, and readout speed compatible with the LCLS pulse rate. Here we discuss bolometer design and fabrication, and the photoresponse of prototype devices to pulsed optical lasers. C1 [Drury, Owen B.; Gardner, Christopher S.; Ables, Elden; Fong, Kirby W.; Bionta, Richard M.; Friedrich, Stephan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Yong, Grace J.; Kolagani, Rajeswari M.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Geosci & Astron, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Liang, Yong] Motorola Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Drury, OB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM drury2@llnl.gov; gyong@towson.edu; mrajeswa@towson.edu; yong.liang@motorola.com; gardner36@llnl.gov; ables1@llnl.gov; fong5@llnl.gov; bionta1@llnl.gov; friedrich1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1114 EP 1120 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2019644 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900070 ER PT J AU Klein, SR AF Klein, Spencer R. TI IceCube: A Cubic Kilometer Radiation Detector SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Ice; IceCube; neutrino ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; ASTRONOMY; NEUTRINOS; ICE AB IceCube is a 1 km(3) neutrino detector now being built at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. It consists of 4800 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs) which detect Cherenkov radiation from the charged particles produced in neutrino interactions. IceCube will observe astrophysical neutrinos with energies above about 100 GeV. IceCube will be able to separate nu(mu), nu(e) and nu(tau) interactions because of their different topologies. IceCube construction is currently 50% complete. C1 [Klein, Spencer R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Klein, Spencer R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srklein@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1141 EP 1147 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015300 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900074 ER PT J AU Mendez, JA Balzer, SJ Watson, SA Reich, RK O'Mara, DM AF Mendez, Jacob A. Balzer, Stephen J. Watson, Scott A. Reich, Robert K. O'Mara, Daniel M. TI A Multi-Frame, Megahertz CCD Imager SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Electronically shuttered charge coupled devices; sub-pixel; super-pixel AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory's Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility (DARHT) generates flash radiographs of explosive experiments using two linear induction electron accelerators situated at right angles. The DARHT second axis accelerator generates an 18-MeV, 2 kA, 2 mu sec electron beam which is converted or "chopped" into four individual pulses ranging from 20 to 100 nsec in length at 2 MHz frequency. The individual electron beam pulses are down-converted by a segmented lutetium oxyorthosilicate scintillator, creating four visible light flashes, to image explosively driven events. To record these events, a high efficiency, high speed, imager has been fabricated which is capable of framing rates of 2 MHz. This device utilizes a 512 x 512 pixel charge coupled device (CCD) with a 25 cm(2) active area, and incorporates an electronic shutter technology designed for back-illuminated CCD's, making this the largest and fastest back-illuminated CCD in the world. Characterizing an imager capable of this frame rate presents unique challenges. High speed LED drivers and intense radioactive sources are needed to perform basic measurements. We investigate properties normally associated with single-frame CCD's such as read noise, gain, full-well capacity, detective quantum efficiency (DQE), sensitivity, and linearity. In addition, we investigate several properties associated with the imager's multi-frame operation such as transient frame response and frame-to-frame isolation while contrasting our measurement techniques and results with more conventional devices. C1 [Mendez, Jacob A.; Balzer, Stephen J.; Watson, Scott A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Reich, Robert K.; O'Mara, Daniel M.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. RP Mendez, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jmendez@lanl.gov OI Watson, Scott/0000-0003-1318-5924 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1188 EP 1192 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2013238 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900083 ER PT J AU Liu, ZK Chang, YH Boggs, SE Bandstra, MS Bellm, EC Bowen, JD Perez-Becker, D Wunderer, CB Zoglauer, A Amman, M Luke, PN Chang, HK Chiu, JL Liang, JS Lin, CH Hung, WC AF Liu, Zong-Kai Chang, Yuan-Hann Boggs, Steven E. Bandstra, Mark S. Bellm, Eric C. Bowen, Jason D. Perez-Becker, Daniel Wunderer, Cornelia B. Zoglauer, Andreas Amman, Mark Luke, Paul N. Chang, Hsiang-Kuang Chiu, Jeng-Lun Liang, Jau-Shian Lin, Chih-Hsun Hung, Wei-Che TI Characterizing and Correcting the Cross-Talk Effect on Depth Measurement in the NCT Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Compton telescope; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; germanium radiation detectors ID NUCLEAR COMPTON TELESCOPE AB The Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) is a balloon-borne soft gamma ray (0.2-10 MeV) telescope designed to study astrophysical sources of nuclear line emission and polarization. The heart of NCT is an array of 12 cross-strip germanium detectors, designed to provide 3D positions for each photon interaction with full 3D position resolution to 1.6 mm(3). The x and y positions are provided by the orthogonal strips, and the interaction depth (z position) in the detector is measured to an accuracy of 0.4 mm FWHM using the relative timing of the anode and cathode charge collection signals. The charge collection signals are affected by cross-talk when interactions occur in adjacent strips, altering the timing measurement in those interactions. We simulated this effect in our NCT detectors, and have developed a method to correct the timing information. Here we present the simulation and the correction results. C1 [Liu, Zong-Kai; Chang, Yuan-Hann; Hung, Wei-Che] Natl Cent Univ, Taoyuan Cty 32001, Taiwan. [Boggs, Steven E.; Bandstra, Mark S.; Bellm, Eric C.; Bowen, Jason D.; Perez-Becker, Daniel; Wunderer, Cornelia B.; Zoglauer, Andreas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amman, Mark; Luke, Paul N.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Hsiang-Kuang; Chiu, Jeng-Lun; Liang, Jau-Shian] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Lin, Chih-Hsun] Natl Space Org NSPO, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan. RP Liu, ZK (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Taoyuan Cty 32001, Taiwan. EM zkliu@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1210 EP 1214 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2012857 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900086 ER PT J AU Hagmann, CA Dietrich, DD Hall, JM Kerr, PL Nakae, LF Newby, RJ Rowland, MS Snyderman, NJ Stoeffl, W AF Hagmann, Christian A. Dietrich, Daniel D. Hall, James M. Kerr, Phillip L. Nakae, Leslie F. Newby, Robert J. Rowland, Mark S. Snyderman, Neal J. Stoeffl, Wolfgang TI Active Detection of Shielded SNM With 60-keV Neutrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Detectors; inspection; neutron beams; neutron sources ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; INTERROGATION AB Fissile materials, e.g., (235)U and (239)Pu, can be detected non-invasively by active neutron interrogation. A unique characteristic of fissile material exposed to neutrons is the prompt emission of high-energy (E > 1 MeV) fission neutrons. One promising mode of operation subjects the object to a beam of low-energy (E < 1 MeV) neutrons, generated by a proton beam impinging on a Li target. The emergence of high-energy secondary neutrons then clearly indicates the presence of fissile material. Our interrogation system comprises a low-dose 60-keV neutron generator (5 x 10(6) /s), and a 1 m(2) array of scintillators for high-energy neutron detection. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate the delectability of small quantities (376 of (235)U shielded by steel (200 g/cm(2)) or plywood (30 g/cm(2) with a typical measurement time of 1 min. C1 [Hagmann, Christian A.; Dietrich, Daniel D.; Hall, James M.; Kerr, Phillip L.; Nakae, Leslie F.; Newby, Robert J.; Rowland, Mark S.; Snyderman, Neal J.; Stoeffl, Wolfgang] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hagmann, CA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hagmann1@llnl.gov OI Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1215 EP 1217 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2012859 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900087 ER PT J AU Jovanovic, I Heffner, M Rosenberg, L Bowden, NS Bernstein, A Carter, D Foxe, M Hotz, M Howe, M Myers, A Winant, C AF Jovanovic, Igor Heffner, Michael Rosenberg, Leslie Bowden, Nathaniel S. Bernstein, Adam Carter, Darrel Foxe, Michael Hotz, Mike Howe, Mark Myers, Allan Winant, Celeste TI Directional Neutron Detection Using a Time Projection Chamber SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Gas detectors; neutron detectors; nuclear imaging; security applications; time projection chamber ID DESIGN AB Time projection chambers offer unique capabilities for detection of fast neutrons from special nuclear material. We have demonstrated a directional detector for fast neutrons based on a hydrogen-filled time projection chamber. Experimental results for imaging of a fissile material surrogate (252)Cf source are presented. Strategies for background rejection via particle identification are discussed. C1 [Jovanovic, Igor; Foxe, Michael] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Heffner, Michael; Bowden, Nathaniel S.; Bernstein, Adam; Carter, Darrel; Foxe, Michael; Winant, Celeste] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Rosenberg, Leslie; Hotz, Mike; Howe, Mark; Myers, Allan] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Jovanovic, I (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM ijovanovic@purdue.edu; mh-effner@llnl.gov; ljrosen-berg@phys.washington.edu; nbowden@llnl.gov; bernstein3@llnl.gov; carter2@llnl.gov; foxe1@llnl.gov; hotzm@u.washington.edu; howe@npl.wash-ington.edu; myers@npl.washington.edu; cwinant@ra-diology.ucsf.edu OI Bowden, Nathaniel/0000-0002-6115-0956 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1218 EP 1223 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2017194 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900088 ER PT J AU Fast, JE Aalseth, CE Caggiano, JA Day, AR Fuller, ES Hossbach, TW Hyronimus, BJ Runkle, R Warren, GA AF Fast, James E. Aalseth, Craig E. Caggiano, Joseph A. Day, Anthony R. Fuller, Erin S. Hossbach, Todd W. Hyronimus, Brian J. Runkle, Robert Warren, Glen A. TI A High-Efficiency Fieldable Germanium Detector Array SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Cooling; gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors; germanium AB Historically, large germanium arrays for field applications have consisted of multiple detectors each housed in their own cryostat. In order to ruggedize the detectors for field use these cryostats have had additional support material introduced that significantly impacted cryogenic performance. This paper presents the development of a new cryostat design suitable for deployment of similar to 10 kg of high purity germanium detectors that achieves outstanding cryogenic performance (similar to 5 W at 80 K) while providing the high detection efficiency required for stand-off measurements and the ruggedization required for use in a variety of field applications. C1 [Fast, James E.; Aalseth, Craig E.; Caggiano, Joseph A.; Day, Anthony R.; Fuller, Erin S.; Hossbach, Todd W.; Hyronimus, Brian J.; Runkle, Robert; Warren, Glen A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fast, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM james.fast@pnl.gov OI Day, Anthony/0000-0002-1217-1822 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1224 EP 1228 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016093 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900089 ER PT J AU Bellm, EC Boggs, SE Bandstra, MS Bowen, JD Perez-Becker, D Wunderer, CB Zoglauer, A Amman, M Luke, PN Chang, HK Chiu, JL Liang, JS Chang, YH Liu, ZK Hung, WC Lin, CH Huang, MHA Jean, P AF Bellm, Eric C. Boggs, Steven E. Bandstra, Mark S. Bowen, Jason D. Perez-Becker, Daniel Wunderer, Cornelia B. Zoglauer, Andreas Amman, Mark Luke, Paul N. Chang, Hsiang-Kuang Chiu, Jeng-Lun Liang, Jau-Shian Chang, Yuan-Hann Liu, Zong-Kai Hung, Wei-Che Lin, Chih-Hsun Huang, Minghuey A. Jean, Pierre TI Overview of the Nuclear Compton Telescope SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Compton imaging; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; gamma-ray imaging; germanium radiation detectors ID GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY; DETECTORS AB The Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) is a balloon-borne telescope designed to study astrophysical sources of nuclear line emission and polarization at soft gamma-ray (0.2-10 MeV) energies. NCT uses high-purity germanium strip detectors for 3D tracking of photon interactions. Compton imaging enables effective background rejection, resulting in a compact but highly efficient instrument. The NCT prototype completed a successful flight from Fort Sumner, New Mexico in 2005. We have since integrated additional detectors, updated the readout electronics, and improved other flight systems. Two flights of the full instrument are upcoming: a conventional flight in New Mexico and a long duration flight from Australia. We give an overview of the instrument and its status prior to the planned balloon flights. C1 [Bellm, Eric C.; Boggs, Steven E.; Bandstra, Mark S.; Bowen, Jason D.; Perez-Becker, Daniel; Wunderer, Cornelia B.; Zoglauer, Andreas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amman, Mark; Luke, Paul N.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Hsiang-Kuang; Chiu, Jeng-Lun; Liang, Jau-Shian] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Chang, Yuan-Hann; Liu, Zong-Kai; Hung, Wei-Che] Natl Cent Univ, Taoyuan Cty 32001, Taiwan. [Lin, Chih-Hsun] Natl Space Org NSPO, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan. [Huang, Minghuey A.] Natl United Univ, Miaoli Cty 36003, Taiwan. [Jean, Pierre] Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. RP Bellm, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ebellm@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1250 EP 1256 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016091 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900093 ER PT J AU Mascarenhas, N Brennan, J Krenz, K Marleau, P Mrowka, S AF Mascarenhas, Nicholas Brennan, James Krenz, Kevin Marleau, Peter Mrowka, Stanley TI Results With the Neutron Scatter Camera SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Detectors; neutron detectors; neutron imaging; radiation imaging; radiation instrumentation; scintillation detectors ID SPECTRUM; RAYS AB We describe the design, calibration, and measurements made with the neutron scatter camera. Neutron scatter camera design allows for the determination of the direction and energy of incident neutrons by measuring the position, recoil energy, and time-of-flight (TOF) between elastic scatters in two liquid scintillator cells. The detector response and sensitive energy range (0.5-10 MeV) has been determined by detailed calibrations using a (252)Cf neutron source over its field of view (FOV). We present results from several recent deployments. In a laboratory study we detected a (252)Cf neutron source at a stand off distance of 30 m. A hidden neutron source was detected inside a large ocean tanker. We measured the integral flux density, differential energy distribution and angular distribution of cosmic neutron background in the fission energy range 0.5-10 MeV at Alameda, CA (sea level), Livermore, CA (174 m), Albuquerque, NM (1615 m) and Fenton Hill, NM (2630 m). The neutron backgrounds are relatively low, and non-isotropic. The camera has been ruggedized, deployed to various locations and has performed various measurements successfully. Our results show fast neutron imaging could be a useful tool for the detection of special nuclear material (SNM). C1 [Mascarenhas, Nicholas; Brennan, James; Krenz, Kevin; Marleau, Peter; Mrowka, Stanley] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mascarenhas, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nmascar@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1269 EP 1273 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016659 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900096 ER PT J AU King, MJ Miller, GT Reijonen, J Ji, Q Andresen, N Gicquel, F Kalvas, T Leung, KN Kwan, JW AF King, Michael Joseph Miller, Gill T. Reijonen, Jani Ji, Qing Andresen, Nord Gicquel, Frederic Kalvas, Taneli Leung, Ka-Ngo Kwan, Joe W. TI Initial Evaluation of a Pulsed White Spectrum Neutron Generator for Explosive Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Explosive detection; neutron sources; PFNTS; RF induction ion source; tritium AB Successful explosive material detection in luggage and similar sized containers is a critical issue in securing the safety of all airline passengers. Tensor Technology Inc. has recently developed a methodology that will detect explosive compounds with pulsed fast neutron transmission spectroscopy. In this scheme, tritium beams will be used to generate neutrons with a broad energy spectrum as governed by the T(t,2n)4He fission reaction that produces 0-9 MeV neutrons. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in collaboration with Tensor Technology Inc., has designed and fabricated a pulsed white-spectrum neutron source for this application. The specifications of the neutron source are demanding and stringent due to the requirements of high yield and fast pulsing neutron emission, and sealed tube, tritium operation. In a unique co-axial geometry, the ion source uses ten parallel rf induction antennas to externally couple power into a toroidal discharge chamber. There are 20 ion beam extraction slits and three concentric electrode rings to shape and accelerate the ion beam into a titanium cone target. Fast neutron pulses are created by using a set of parallel-plate deflectors switching between +/- 750 V and deflecting the ion beams across a narrow slit. The generator is expected to achieve 5 ns neutron pulses at tritium ion beam energies between 80-120 kV. First experiments demonstrated ion source operation and successful beam pulsing. C1 [King, Michael Joseph; Reijonen, Jani; Andresen, Nord; Kalvas, Taneli; Leung, Ka-Ngo; Kwan, Joe W.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Miller, Gill T.] Tensor Technol Inc, Madison, AL 35758 USA. [Gicquel, Frederic] Schlumberger PTC, Princeton Jct, NJ 08550 USA. RP King, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjking@lbl.gov; miller2440@gmail.com; JReijonen@princeton.oilfield.slb.com; qji@lbl.gov; NCAndresen@lbl.gov; FGicquel@princeton.oilfield.slb.com; taneli.kalvas@jyu.fi; knleung@lbl.gov; jwkwan@lbl.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1283 EP 1287 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015306 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900099 ER PT J AU Koltick, DS Kane, SZ Lvovsky, M Mace, EK McConchie, SM Mihalczo, JT AF Koltick, David Stanley Kane, Steven Z. Lvovsky, Marina Mace, Emily K. McConchie, Seth M. Mihalczo, John T. TI Characterization of an Associated Particle Neutron Generator With ZnO:Ga Alpha-Detector and Active Focusing SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Active focusing; associated particle neutron generator; zinc oxide ID IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM NMIS; INSPECTION SYSTEM AB A deuterium-tritium (DT) associated particle neutron generator (APNG) with active focusing has been operated using an alpha particle detector made of a ZnO:Ga phosphor with decay time of approximately 1 ns. The APNG is capable of producing 109 neutrons per second. The DT beam spot diameter was adjusted and measured from 7 mm to 2.1 mm with the possibility of achieving 1 mm subject to the removal of a safety interlock protecting the APNG tritiated target. In addition, the alpha detector was found to have a detection efficiency of 88% and sub-nanosecond time resolution (< 0.7 ns) using a Burle 8850 bial-kali photocathode. Lastly, the neutron beam was obstructed using various amounts of lead shielding to study the generator's imaging contrast capability for neutron radiography. The APNG provides high-rate capability and a large solid angle with acceptance of 8%. C1 [Koltick, David Stanley; Kane, Steven Z.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lvovsky, Marina] Lexel Imaging Syst Inc, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Mace, Emily K.] 2K Corp, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [McConchie, Seth M.; Mihalczo, John T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Koltick, DS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM koltick@purdue.edu; szkane@purdue.edu; mlvovsky@lexelimaging.com; mace@2kcorporation.com; mcconchiesm@ornl.gov; mihalczojt@ornl.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1301 EP 1305 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2009536 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900103 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Hurley, JP Ji, Q Kwan, J Leung, KN AF Wu, Y. Hurley, J. P. Ji, Q. Kwan, J. Leung, K. N. TI Development of a RF-Driven Neutron Generator for Associated Particle Imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE API; neutron generator; RF ion source ID LBNL AB We present recent work in the development of a compact, radio frequency (RF) D-T neutron generator with a maximum neutron yield of 10(8) n/s for the application of associated particle imaging (API) used in explosive and contraband detection. API makes use of alpha particles produced in conjunction with 14 MeV neutrons in the D-T reaction to locate the neutron interaction and reduce background noise. To achieve high spatial resolution in API, a beam diameter of <= 1 nun on target is desired. For portable neutron generators used in API, the ion source and target cannot be water-cooled and the power deposited on the target must be low. By increasing the atomic ion fraction, the ion beam can be used more efficiently to generate neutrons, resulting in a lower beam power requirement and an increased lifetime of the alpha detector inside the acceleration column. The RF ion source produces very high atomic ion fractions (> 90%) compared to traditional Penning ion sources that produce less than 10% of atomic ions. Experimental measurements of the ion source plasma parameters including ion current density, atomic ion fraction, ignition and operating pressures, will be presented along with a discussion on the ion optics and engineering challenges. C1 [Wu, Y.; Ji, Q.; Kwan, J.; Leung, K. N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hurley, J. P.] Special Technol Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ywu@lbl.gov; pjhurley@stl.gov; qji@lbl.gov; jwkwan@lbl.gov; knleung@lbl.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1306 EP 1311 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2012706 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900104 ER PT J AU Ji, Q Wu, Y Regis, M Kwan, JW AF Ji, Qing Wu, Ying Regis, Mark Kwan, Joe W. TI Initial Testing of a Compact Portable Microwave-Driven Neutron Generator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Microwave ion source; neutron generator ID PROTON SOURCE; LBNL AB A portable, moderate yield D-D neutron generator based on permanent magnet microwave ion source is being developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for applications such as short range SNM detection in suitcases and small parcels. Microwave power (2.45 GHz) can be coupled to a pyrex tube through a standard wave guide and generate plasma. In this source configuration, the wave guide serves as a secondary containment for sealed tube design. Hydrogen plasma has been successfully ignited in the pyrex tube at a microwave power of 200 W. The 2.45 GHz microwave signal can also be directly coupled to the wave guide through a standard coaxial cable with a N-type connection and generate plasma. Preliminary results show that over 60% of atomic hydrogen ions were generated at a microwave power of 300 W. Higher atomic fraction is expected with insertion of boron nitride liner. The current density at power of 200 W (with an extraction aperture of 2 mm in diameter, and gas flow at 0.2 sccm) was approximately 22 mA/cm(2). C1 [Ji, Qing; Wu, Ying; Regis, Mark; Kwan, Joe W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Ying] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ji, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM QJi@lbl.gov; Ywu@lbl.gov; MRegis@lbl.gov; JWKwan@lbl.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1312 EP 1315 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015305 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900105 ER PT J AU Seifert, CE Myjak, MJ AF Seifert, Carolyn E. Myjak, Mitchell J. TI Directionality in the GammaTracker Handheld Radioisotope Identifier SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Directional detectors; gamma-ray spectroscopy detectors; nuclear imaging; pixel detectors AB Several computationally simple methods are presented for determining the direction to one or more radiation sources using the GammaTracker handheld radioisotope identifier. GammaTracker will display a heading indicating the direction to one or more sources; no gamma-ray images will be shown to the user. The details of each directionality method are presented and performance is compared using radiation transport simulations of gamma-ray point sources at varying activity levels on a natural background. All methods achieved sufficiently high pointing accuracy and precision in the tested scenarios, which included background-to-source ratios up to 10:1. The prospects for implementation in the GammaTracker firmware architecture are discussed. C1 [Seifert, Carolyn E.; Myjak, Mitchell J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Seifert, CE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM carolyn.seifert@pnl.gov; mitchell.myjak@pnl.gov OI Myjak, Mitchell/0000-0002-3807-3542 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1351 EP 1355 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2020598 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900111 ER PT J AU Tornga, SR Sullivan, MWR Sullivan, JP AF Tornga, Shawn R. Sullivan, Mohini W. Rawool Sullivan, John P. TI Three-Dimensional Compton Imaging Using List-Mode Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Radiation Measurements and Applications CY JUN 02-05, 2008 CL Berkeley, CA SP IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, NNSA, DNDO, DTRA DE Algorithms; compton scattering; nuclear imaging ID SENSITIVE CDZNTE DETECTOR; EM ALGORITHM AB Compton imaging is a gamma ray imaging technique that has many possible applications including homeland security and medical imaging. Using the Compton scattering formula the origin of a scattered gamma-ray can be localized to a point on the surface of a cone using a minimum of two position and energy measurements. List-mode Maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) is an iterative statistical algorithm that makes successive approximations to the most probable source distribution that would have led to the observed data. Conventional MLEM is often performed in two dimensions, which still requires knowledge of the source-to-detector distance. We propose iteration over all three spatial dimensions in order to maximize the probability in three-dimensional space. This paper reports on the development of a three-dimensional MLEM (3DMLEM) algorithm to reconstruct images from a Compton imager in three dimensions for single, multiple and line sources. Several techniques for reducing convergence times are also discussed. C1 [Tornga, Shawn R.; Sullivan, Mohini W. Rawool; Sullivan, John P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Tornga, SR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM tornga@lanl.gov; mohini@lanl.gov; sullivan@lanl.gov OI Rawool-Sullivan, Mohini/0000-0002-3001-3318; Sullivan, John/0000-0002-9067-1531 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1372 EP 1376 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2007951 PN 2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463LY UT WOS:000267434900114 ER PT J AU Wilson, JL Fathy, AE Kang, YW Wang, C AF Wilson, Joshua L. Fathy, Aly E. Kang, Yoon W. Wang, Cheng TI Applications of Twisted Hollow Waveguides as Accelerating Structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Accelerator cavities; slow wave structures; traveling wave tubes AB A new class of accelerating structures employing a uniformly twisted waveguide is considered. Such a twisted helical structure can be designed to have a specified longitudinal cross section. The design of twisted accelerating structures is discussed with regard to particle velocity and strength of the accelerating field. It is shown how to choose a cross section and twist rate in order to produce a slow wave with a given velocity. With two representative structures, obtained wave velocities range from the speed of light, c, down to 61% the speed of light, while R/Q values of over 1,000 Omega/m have been achieved. A novel two dimensional finite difference based solver is employed to analyze the twisted structures considered. Two twisted cavity prototypes are fabricated and measured, and good agreement is obtained between measured and predicted dispersion curves. C1 [Wilson, Joshua L.; Fathy, Aly E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. [Kang, Yoon W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Cheng] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Wilson, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA. EM jwilso75@utk.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by ORNL-SNS. The Spallation Neutron Source is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1479 EP 1486 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2017534 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100002 ER PT J AU Gao, F Conde, ME Gai, W Jing, C Konecny, RS Liu, W Power, JG Wong, T Yusof, Z AF Gao, F. Conde, M. E. Gai, W. Jing, C. Konecny, R. S. Liu, W. Power, J. G. Wong, T. Yusof, Z. TI Multi-Nanosecond High Power Pulse Generation at 7.8 GHz With a Dielectric-Loaded Power Extractor SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Accelerator RF system; particle beams; pulse generation ID ACCELERATOR AB Power extraction from charged particle beams is a prospective way to develop future high power radio frequency (RF) sources. We have designed and tested a 7.8 GHz power extractor based on a dielectric-loaded waveguide. Building upon earlier work on single electron bunch tests, 10 ns and 22 ns megawatt-level RF pulses have been generated with trains consisting of 16 electron bunches each, by using a laser splitting-recombination scheme. In addition, 44 MW of peak power has been generated with a train consisting 4 electron bunches. Behaviors of higher-order-modes are also explored. C1 [Gao, F.; Wong, T.] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Gao, F.; Conde, M. E.; Gai, W.; Jing, C.; Konecny, R. S.; Liu, W.; Power, J. G.; Yusof, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gao, F (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM gaofeng@iit.edu; conde@anl.gov; wg@hep.anl.gov; jingchg@hep.anl.gov; rsk@hep.anl.gov; wmliu@hep.anl.gov; jp@anl.gov; twong@ece.iit.edu; zyusof@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH 11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH 11357. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1492 EP 1497 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2019749 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100004 ER PT J AU Denes, P Ely, R Garcia-Sciveres, M AF Denes, Peter Ely, Robert Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice TI A Capacitor Charge Pump DC-DC Converter for Physics Instrumentation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Charge pump; DC-DC converter; high voltage CMOS; LDMOSFET; switched capacitor AB We have prototyped a switched capacitor DC-DC converter aimed at powering low voltage integrated circuits in particle physics instrumentation. The ideal output current is 4 times the input current. The prototype was built using a CMOS integrated circuit containing all switches and switch driver circuitry, with external capacitors and clocks. We present measurements of performance with and without irradiation. C1 [Denes, Peter; Ely, Robert; Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Denes, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MGarcia-Sciveres@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1507 EP 1510 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2020163 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100006 ER PT J AU Azmoun, B Caccavano, A Citron, Z Durham, M Hemmick, T Kamin, J Rumore, M Woody, C AF Azmoun, B. Caccavano, A. Citron, Z. Durham, M. Hemmick, T. Kamin, J. Rumore, M. Woody, C. TI Collection of Photoelectrons and Operating Parameters of CsI Photocathode GEM Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE GEM detectors; micropattern gas chambers; photocathodes; photodetectors; scintillation detectors; ultraviolet detectors ID PHENIX EXPERIMENT; GASES; CF4 AB A study has been made of the parameters affecting the extraction and collection of photoelectrons from the surface of a CsI photocathode in a triple GEM detector. The purpose of this study was to optimize the photoelectron collection efficiency and GEM operating conditions for the PHENIX Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) at RHIC. The parameters investigated include the electric field at the surface of the photocathode, the voltage across the GEM, the electric field below the GEM, the medium into which the photoelectrons are extracted (gas or vacuum), and the wavelength dependence of the extraction efficiency. A small, calibrated light source, or "scintillation cube" was used to illuminate a GEM CsI photocathode with a known photon flux produced by the scintillation light from 5.48 MeV alpha particles in CF(4). The photoelectron collection efficiency was calculated by comparing the number of photoelectrons produced to the number collected at the GEM readout pad. Results are presented on the study of the parameters affecting the photoelectron collection efficiency and the construction and calibration of the scintillation cube. C1 [Azmoun, B.; Caccavano, A.; Woody, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Rumore, M.] Woster Polytech Inst, Woster, MA 01609 USA. [Citron, Z.; Durham, M.; Hemmick, T.; Kamin, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Azmoun, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM woody@bnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0298CH 10886] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of' Nuclear Physics, under Prime Contract DE-AC0298CH 10886. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1544 EP 1549 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2020983 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100011 ER PT J AU Argyropoulos, T Assamagan, KA Benedict, BH Chernyatin, V Cheu, E Deng, JR Gordeev, A Eschrich, IG Grachev, V Johns, K Junnarkar, SS Kandasamy, A Kaushik, V Khodinov, A Lankford, A Lei, XW Garcia, RM Nikolopoulos, K O'Connor, P Parnell-Lampen, CL Park, W Polychronakos, V Porter, R Purohit, MV Schernau, M Toggerson, BK Tompkins, D AF Argyropoulos, Theodoros Assamagan, Ketevi Adikle Benedict, Brian Hugues Chernyatin, Valeri Cheu, Elliot Deng, Jianrong Gordeev, Anatoli Eschrich, Ivo Gough Grachev, Vadim Johns, Kenneth Junnarkar, Sachin S. Kandasamy, Arland Kaushik, Venkat Khodinov, Alexander Lankford, Andy Lei, Xiaowen Garcia, Raul Murillo Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos O'Connor, Paul Parnell-Lampen, Caleb Lee Park, Woochun Polychronakos, Venetios Porter, Robert Purohit, Milind V. Schernau, Michael Toggerson, Brokk Koen Tompkins, Daniel TI Cathode Strip Chambers in ATLAS: Installation, Commissioning and in Situ Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ATLAS; cathode strip chamber; commissioning; LHC; muon spectrometer ID MWPCS AB The Muon Spectrometer of the ATLAS detector at the LHC is designed to provide high quality stand-alone muon identification, momentum measurement and trigger capabilities with high pseudorapidity coverage. Precision tracking at the inner-most station in the high pseudorapidity regions, 2.0 < vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.7, is performed by 16 four-layered Cathode Strip Chambers on each endcap. These are multi-wire proportional chambers with segmented cathodes providing excellent spatial resolution and high counting rate capability. The second cathode of each layer is coarsely segmented, providing the transverse coordinate. The detector level performance of the system is presented. The installation and commissioning effort for the Cathode Strip Chambers is described. Finally, the in situ performance is briefly discussed. C1 [Argyropoulos, Theodoros] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens 15780, Greece. [Argyropoulos, Theodoros; Assamagan, Ketevi Adikle; Chernyatin, Valeri; Gordeev, Anatoli; Junnarkar, Sachin S.; Kandasamy, Arland; Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos; O'Connor, Paul; Polychronakos, Venetios] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Benedict, Brian Hugues; Deng, Jianrong; Eschrich, Ivo Gough; Lankford, Andy; Garcia, Raul Murillo; Porter, Robert; Schernau, Michael; Toggerson, Brokk Koen] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Cheu, Elliot; Johns, Kenneth; Kaushik, Venkat; Lei, Xiaowen; Parnell-Lampen, Caleb Lee; Tompkins, Daniel] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Grachev, Vadim] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Khodinov, Alexander] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos] Univ Athens, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Park, Woochun; Purohit, Milind V.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Argyropoulos, T (reprint author), Natl Tech Univ Athens, Athens 15780, Greece. EM Konstantinos.Nikolopoulos@cern.ch RI Lei, Xiaowen/O-4348-2014; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/D-6269-2015 OI Lei, Xiaowen/0000-0002-2564-8351; KHODINOV, ALEKSANDR/0000-0003-3551-5808 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CHI-886, DE-FG02-91ER40679]; National Science Foundation [PHY 9977770, PHY 06-12811] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-98CHI-886 and Grant DE-FG02-91ER40679 and by the National Science Foundation under Grants PHY 9977770 and PHY 06-12811. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1568 EP 1574 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2020861 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100015 ER PT J AU Keller, PE Kouzes, RT AF Keller, Paul E. Kouzes, Richard T. TI Influence of Extraterrestrial Radiation on Radiation Portal Monitors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cosmic rays; gamma-ray detection; homeland security; neutron detection; portal monitor; solar flares radiation detection ID COSMIC-RAYS; BORDERS AB Cosmic radiation and solar flares can be a major source of background radiation at the Earth's surface. This paper examines the relationship between extraterrestrial radiation and the detectable background in radiation portal monitors used for homeland security applications. Background radiation data from 13 radiation portal monitor facilities are examined and compared against external sources of data related to extraterrestrial radiation, including measurements at neutron monitors located at 53 cosmic-ray observatories around the Earth, four polar orbiting satellites, three geostationary satellites, ground-based geomagnetic field data from observatories around the Earth, a solar magnetic index, solar radio flux data, and sunspot activity data. 45 months (January 2003 through September 2006) of data are used in this study, which include the latter part of Solar Cycle 23 as solar activity was on the decline. The analysis shows a significant relationship between some extraterrestrial radiation and the background detected in the radiation portal monitors. A demonstrable decline is shown in the average gamma ray and neutron background at the radiation portal monitors as solar activity declined over the period of the study. C1 [Keller, Paul E.; Kouzes, Richard T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Keller, PE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM paul.keller@pnl.gov; richard.kouzes@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 (PNNL-SA-60496). NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1575 EP 1583 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2019618 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100016 ER PT J AU Milbrath, BD Caggiano, JA Engelhard, AH Joly, AG Matson, DW Nachimuthu, P Olsen, LC AF Milbrath, B. D. Caggiano, J. A. Engelhard, A. H. Joly, A. G. Matson, D. W. Nachimuthu, P. Olsen, L. C. TI Using Thin Films to Screen Possible Scintillator Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CaF2(Eu); CeCl3; CeF3; polycrystalline scintillators; thin film scintillators ID INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS; EFFICIENT; CRYSTALS AB The discovery and optimization of new scintillators has traditionally been a rather slow process due to the difficulties of single crystal growth. This paper discusses the production of polycrystalline scintillator thin films which were tested in order to determine what characterizations could be made concerning a material's ultimate potential as a scintillator prior to pursuing crystal growth. Thin films of a few microns thickness of CaF2(Eu), CeF3, and CeCl3, all known scintillators, were produced by vapor deposition. The hygroscopic CeCl3 was coated with multiple polymer-aluminum oxide bi-layers. Emission wavelengths and decay times agreed with values from single crystals. The films were too thin to measure gamma photopeaks, but using alpha energy deposition peaks, one could compare the relative photon yield/MeV between materials. The values obtained appear to give a relevant indication of a material's light yield potential. The technique may also be useful for quickly indicating the proper dopant amount for a given material. C1 [Milbrath, B. D.; Caggiano, J. A.; Engelhard, A. H.; Joly, A. G.; Matson, D. W.; Nachimuthu, P.; Olsen, L. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Milbrath, BD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM brian.milbrath@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76PL01830] FX This work was supported by the Radiation Detection Materials Discovery initiative-a Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76PL01830. Some experiments were performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental search located at PNNL. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1650 EP 1654 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2020730 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100025 ER PT J AU Harrison, MJ Linnick, C Montag, B Brinton, S McCreary, M Doty, FP McGregor, DS AF Harrison, Mark J. Linnick, Christopher Montag, Benjamin Brinton, Samuel McCreary, Mark Doty, F. P. McGregor, Douglas S. TI Scintillation Performance of Aliovalently-Doped CeBr3 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aliovalent doping; crystal growth; scintillation detectors; solid solution hardening ID DETECT2000 AB Strengthening the crystal lattice of lanthanide halides, which are brittle, anisotropic, ionic crystals, may prove to increase the availability and ruggedness of these scintillators; for room-temperature gamma-ray spectroscopy applications. Eight aliovalent dopants for CeBr3 were explored in an effort to find the optimal aliovalent strengthening agent. Eight dopants, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, ZrBr4, HfBr4, ZnBr2, CdBr2, and PbBr2, were explored at two levels of doping, 500 and 1000 ppm. From each ingot, samples were harvested for radioluminescence spectrum measurement and scintillation testing. Of the eight dopants explored, only BaBr2 and PbBr2 were found to clearly decrease total light yield. ZnBr2 and CdBr2 dopants both affected the radioluminescence emission spectrum very little as compared to undoped CeBr3. HfBr4- and ZnBr2-doped CeBr3 exhibited the highest light yields. C1 [Harrison, Mark J.; Linnick, Christopher; Montag, Benjamin; Brinton, Samuel; McCreary, Mark; McGregor, Douglas S.] Kansas State Univ, Semicond Mat & Radiol Technol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Doty, F. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harrison, MJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Semicond Mat & Radiol Technol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM harrison@ksu.edu; fpdoty@sandia.gov; mcgregor@ksu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nonproliferation Technology, Department NA22, Advanced Materials. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department, of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1661 EP 1665 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2021057 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100027 ER PT J AU Bhatti, A Canepa, A Casarsa, M Convery, M Cortiana, G Donati, S Flanagan, G Greco, V Frisch, H Fukun, T Giannetti, P Krop, D Liu, T Lucchesi, D Piendibene, M Ristori, L Rogondino, L Rusu, V Sartori, L Vidal, M Zhou, L AF Bhatti, A. Canepa, A. Casarsa, M. Convery, M. Cortiana, G. Donati, S. Flanagan, G. Greco, V. Frisch, H. Fukun, T. Giannetti, P. Krop, D. Liu, T. Lucchesi, D. Piendibene, M. Ristori, L. Rogondino, L. Rusu, V. Sartori, L. Vidal, M. Zhou, L. TI Level-2 Calorimeter Trigger Upgrade at CDF SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Calorimeter; CDF; FPGA; HEP; trigger AB The CDF Run 11 [1] Level 2 calorimeter trigger is implemented in hardware and is based on a simple algorithm that was used in Run I. This system has worked well for Run II at low luminosity. As the Tevatron instantaneous luminosity increases, the limitation due to this simple algorithm starts to become clear. As a result, some of the most important jet and MET (Missing ET) related triggers have large growth terms in cross section at higher luminosity. In this paper, we present an upgrade of the L2CAL system which makes the full calorimeter trigger tower information directly available to the Level 2 decision CPU. This upgrade is based on the Pulsar [2], a general purpose VME board developed at CDF and already used for upgrading both the Level 2 global decision crate [3] and the Level 2 Silicon Vertex Tracking [4]. The upgrade system allows more sophisticated algorithms to be implemented in software and both Level 2 jets and MET can be made nearly equivalent to offline quality, thus significantly improving the performance and flexibility of the jet and MET related triggers. This is a natural expansion of the already-upgraded Level 2 trigger system, and is a big step forward to improve the CDF triggering capability at Level 2. This paper describes the design, the hardware and software implementation and the performance of the upgrade system. C1 [Bhatti, A.; Convery, M.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10065 USA. [Canepa, A.] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Casarsa, M.; Liu, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Cortiana, G.; Lucchesi, D.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys, Padua, Italy. [Donati, S.; Greco, V.; Giannetti, P.; Piendibene, M.; Ristori, L.; Rogondino, L.; Sartori, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys, Pisa, Italy. [Flanagan, G.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Frisch, H.; Fukun, T.; Krop, D.; Rusu, V.; Zhou, L.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Vidal, M.] CIEMAT, Madrid 2228040, Spain. RP Bhatti, A (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10065 USA. EM sartori@fnal.gov OI Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1685 EP 1689 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2016420 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100031 ER PT J AU Amerio, S Casarsa, M Cortiana, G Donini, J Lucchesi, D Griso, SP AF Amerio, Silvia Casarsa, Massimo Cortiana, Giorgio Donini, Julien Lucchesi, Donatella Griso, Simone Pagan TI Triggering on B-Jets at CDF II SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE b-tag; CDF; Higgs boson; tevatron; trigger ID BROKEN SYMMETRIES AB In this paper we present a trigger algorithm able to select online events enriched of b-jets. This feature is of central interest in order to extend the physics reach for Standard Model and Minimal Super Symmetric Model Higgs decaying into a pair of b-quarks. The algorithm fully exploits the recently upgraded CDFII tracking system and Level 2 CALorimeter cluster finder. These upgrades are necessary to cope with Tevatron increasing luminosity and provide new and refined trigger primitives that are the key elements of our algorithm together with the already existing Silicon Vertex Trigger. A b-hadron can travel some millimeters before decaying and the trigger algorithm exploits this characteristic by searching for tracks displaced with respect to the primary vertex and matched to energetic jets of particles. We discuss the study and the optimization of the algorithm, its technical implementation as well as its performance. The new trigger provides an efficient selection for Higgs decaying into a pair of b-quarks and runs up to high luminosity with an acceptable occupancy of the available bandwidth. C1 [Amerio, Silvia; Cortiana, Giorgio; Donini, Julien; Lucchesi, Donatella; Griso, Simone Pagan] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Amerio, Silvia; Cortiana, Giorgio; Donini, Julien; Lucchesi, Donatella; Griso, Simone Pagan] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Casarsa, Massimo] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Amerio, S (reprint author), Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. EM amerio@pd.infn.it; casarsa@fnal.gov; cortiana@mppmu.mpg.de; julien.donini@lpsc.in2p3.fr; lucchesi@pd.infn.it; simone.pagan@pd.infn.it RI Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; OI Casarsa, Massimo/0000-0002-1353-8964 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleate; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Council of the Republic of China; Swiss National Science Foundation; A.P. Sloan Foundation; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Korean Research Foundation; Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council; Royal Society, UK; Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; European Community's Human Potential Programme; Slovak RD Agency; Academy of Finland FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation; the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleate; the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; the National Science Council of the Republic of China; the Swiss National Science Foundation; the A.P. Sloan Foundation; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and the Korean Research Foundation; the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council and the Royal Society, UK; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules/CNRS; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain; the European Community's Human Potential Programme; the Slovak R&D Agency; and the Academy of Finland. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1690 EP 1695 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2020405 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463MA UT WOS:000267435100032 ER PT J AU Phillips, J Luhrs, CC Richard, M AF Phillips, Jonathan Luhrs, Claudia C. Richard, Monique TI Review: Engineering Particles Using the Aerosol-Through-Plasma Method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Materials processing; materials science and technology; nanotechnology; particle production; physics; plasma materials-processing applications; plasma torches ID PRESSURE MICROWAVE PLASMA; ELECTRON NUMBER DENSITY; GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS; RF PLASMA; GRAPHENE SHEETS; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; THOMSON SCATTERING; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AFTERGLOW REGION; GRAPHITE OXIDE AB For decades, plasma processing of materials on the nanoscale has been an underlying enabling technology for many "planar" technologies, particularly virtually every aspect of modern electronics from integrated-circuit fabrication with nanoscale elements to the newest generation of photovoltaics. However, it is only recent developments that suggest that plasma processing can be used to make "particulate" structures of value in fields, including catalysis, drug delivery, imaging, higher energy density batteries, and other forms of energy storage. In this paper, the development of the science and technology of one class of plasma production of particulates, namely, aerosol-through-plasma (A-T-P), is reviewed. Various plasma systems, particularly RF and microwave, have been used to create nanoparticles of metals and ceramics, as well as supported metal catalysts. Gradually, the complexity of the nanoparticles, and concomitantly their potential value, has increased. First, unique two-layer particles were generated. These were postprocessed to create unique three-layer nanoscale particles. Also, the technique has been successfully employed to make other high-value materials, including carbon nanotubes, unsupported graphene, and spherical boron nitride. Some interesting plasma science has also emerged from efforts to characterize and map aerosol-containing plasmas. For example, it is clear that even a very low concentration of particles dramatically changes plasma characteristics. Some have also argued that the local-thermodynamic-equilibrium approach is inappropriate to these systems. Instead, it has been suggested that charged- and neutral-species models must be independently developed and allowed to "interact" only in generation terms. C1 [Phillips, Jonathan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Phillips, Jonathan; Luhrs, Claudia C.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87103 USA. [Richard, Monique] Toyota Res Inst N Amer, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011 NR 104 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 44 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 EI 1939-9375 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 SI SI BP 726 EP 739 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2016969 PN 1 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 456UW UT WOS:000266877900004 ER PT J AU Harris, JR Hickman, B Anaya, R Cook, EG Hawkins, S Holmes, C Stanley, J Watson, J Caporaso, GJ AF Harris, J. R. Hickman, B. Anaya, R. Cook, E. G. Hawkins, S. Holmes, C. Stanley, J. Watson, J. Caporaso, G. J. TI Plasma Cathode for a Short-Pulse Dielectric Wall Accelerator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Accelerators; electron guns; particle sources; plasma generation; pulse power systems ID ELECTRON-BEAM; OPENING SWITCH; FLASHBOARD; GUN; ATA AB The Beam Research Program at Lawrence Liver-more National Laboratory is continuing development of the dielectric wall accelerator (DWA), a type of accelerator which uses stacked pulse-forming lines (PFLs) to apply an accelerating field directly to the beam through a nonconducting vacuum boundary. Here, we report operation of a DWA as an electron diode using a surface flashover plasma cathode. Peak perveances in excess of 6 x 10(-6) A/V(3/2) were measured, with current extraction and pulse train format depending on flashover source timing and PFL switching speed. C1 [Harris, J. R.; Hickman, B.; Anaya, R.; Cook, E. G.; Hawkins, S.; Holmes, C.; Stanley, J.; Watson, J.; Caporaso, G. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harris, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM harris89@llnl.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1077 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2019961 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 456UY UT WOS:000266878100003 ER PT J AU Gross, AG Harmon, JE AF Gross, Alan G. Harmon, Joseph E. TI The Structure of PowerPoint Presentations: The Art of Grasping Things Whole SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article DE Argument; audience adaptation; Edward Tufte; effective redundancy; Jean-luc Doumont; narrative; PowerPoint presentations; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ID PRESENTATION SLIDES; HEADLINES; DESIGN AB We examine PowerPoint from the point of view of Jean-luc Doumont's design guidelines: those for individual slides and those for whole presentations. By analyzing two presentations on the same topic, designed for two very different audiences, we show that it follows from these guidelines that in all cases, fill comprehension requires clearly articulated overall organization that integrates the verbal and the visual into a single message. This means that the crucial unit of analysis is not the individual slide, but the extent to which the individual slide is integrated into the presentation as a whole. The principle by which this integration is achieved changes as the audience does: General audience presentations are best: organized by means of narrative, while professional audience presentations are best organized by means of argument. In all cases, audience adaptation is the master variable, determining what counts as the optimal integration of the verbal and the visual into a single message. C1 [Gross, Alan G.] Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Commun Studies, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Harmon, Joseph E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gross, AG (reprint author), Univ Minnesota Twin Cities, Dept Commun Studies, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM agross@umn.edu; harmon@anl.gov NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0361-1434 J9 IEEE T PROF COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Prof. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 52 IS 2 BP 121 EP 137 DI 10.1109/TPC.2009.2020889 PG 17 WC Communication; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Communication; Engineering GA 449LJ UT WOS:000266331800001 ER PT J AU Brooks, RR Schwier, J Griffin, C AF Brooks, Richard R. Schwier, Jason Griffin, Christopher TI Markovian Search Games in Heterogeneous Spaces SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART B-CYBERNETICS LA English DT Article DE Game theory; graph search; optimal search ID POLYGONAL ENVIRONMENT; PURSUIT-EVASION; COMPLEXITY AB In this paper, we consider how to search for a mobile evader in a large heterogeneous region when sensors are used for detection. Sensors are modeled using probability of detection. Due to environmental effects, this probability will not be constant over the entire region. We map this problem to a graph-search problem, and even though deterministic graph search is NP-complete, we derive a tractable optimal probabilistic search strategy. We do this by defining the problem as a dynamic game played on a Markov chain. We prove that this strategy is optimal in the sense of Nash. Simulations of an example problem illustrate our approach and verify our claims. C1 [Brooks, Richard R.; Schwier, Jason] Clemson Univ, Holcombe Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Griffin, Christopher] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brooks, RR (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Holcombe Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM rrb@acm.org; jschwie@clemson.edu; griffinch@ieee.org FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-05-1-0226]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The work of R. R. Brooks was supported in part by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U.S. Army Research Office under Award W911NF-05-1-0226. The work of C. Griffin was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor T. Vasilakos. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4419 EI 1941-0492 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY B JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B-Cybern. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 39 IS 3 BP 626 EP 635 DI 10.1109/TSMCB.2008.2007743 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 445RQ UT WOS:000266069600004 PM 19174351 ER PT J AU Miller, R Keller, M AF Miller, Russ Keller, Martin TI The DOE BioEnergy Science Center-a US Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Cellulosic biomass; Biofuels; Recalcitrance; Ethanol; Consolidated bioprocessing; Poplar; Switchgrass ID BIOFUELS; BIOMASS AB The BioEnergy Science Center, a nationally and internationally peer-reviewed center of leading scientific institutions and scientists, is organized and in operation as a U.S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center. This Oak Ridge National Laboratory-led Center has members from top-tier universities, leading national labs, and private companies organized as a single project team, with each member chosen for its significant contributions in the Center's research focus areas. The recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass is viewed as (1) the most significant obstacle to the establishment of a cellulosic biofuels industry, (2) essential to producing cost-competitive fuels, and (3) widely applicable, since nearly all biofuels and biofeedstocks would benefit from such advances. The mission of the BioEnergy Science Center is to make revolutionary advances in understanding and overcoming the recalcitrance of biomass to conversion into sugars, making it feasible to displace petroleum with ethanol and other fuels. C1 [Miller, Russ; Keller, Martin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Biosci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM millerrr@ornl.gov RI Keller, Martin/C-4416-2012 FU The BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); U. S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX The BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) is a U. S. Department of Energy Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9213-y PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 459MC UT WOS:000267105700002 ER PT J AU Tao, L Aden, A AF Tao, Ling Aden, Andy TI The economics of current and future biofuels SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Biofuel; Biodiesel; Biobutanol; Process economics; Techno-economic analysis; Transportation fuel; Ethanol ID CLOSTRIDIUM-BEIJERINCKII BA101; BUTANOL PRODUCTION; BIODIESEL PRODUCTION; ACETONE-BUTANOL; FERMENTATION; CORN; ETHANOL; BIOCONVERSION; TECHNOLOGY; PROGRESS AB This work presents detailed comparative analysis on the production economics of both current and future biofuels, including ethanol, biodiesel, and butanol. Our objectives include demonstrating the impact of key parameters on the overall process economics (e.g., plant capacity, raw material pricing, and yield) and comparing how next-generation technologies and fuels will differ from today's technologies. The commercialized processes and corresponding economics presented here include corn-based ethanol, sugarcane-based ethanol, and soy-based biodiesel. While actual full-scale economic data are available for these processes, they have also been modeled using detailed process simulation. For future biofuel technologies, detailed techno-economic data exist for cellulosic ethanol from both biochemical and thermochemical conversion. In addition, similar techno-economic models have been created for n-butanol production based on publicly available literature data. Key technical and economic challenges facing all of these biofuels are discussed. C1 [Tao, Ling; Aden, Andy] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Aden, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM andy.aden@nrel.gov FU US Department of Energy ( DOE) Office of the Biomass Program ( OBP) FX NREL would like to thank the US Department of Energy ( DOE) Office of the Biomass Program ( OBP) for its continued leadership, support, and collaboration in the biofuels arena. NR 49 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 199 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9216-8 PG 19 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 459MC UT WOS:000267105700003 ER PT J AU Hisano, H Nandakumar, R Wang, ZY AF Hisano, Hiroshi Nandakumar, Rangaraj Wang, Zeng-Yu TI Genetic modification of lignin biosynthesis for improved biofuel production SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Review DE Biomass; Biofuel crops; Genetic engineering; Lignin modification ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L.; ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; BROWN-MIDRIB MUTANTS; FESCUE FESTUCA-ARUNDINACEA; TRANSGENIC DOWN-REGULATION; FORAGE QUALITY; MAIZE PLANTS; TALL FESCUE; CELLULOSIC ETHANOL AB The energy in cellulosic biomass largely resides in plant cell walls. Cellulosic biomass is more difficult than starch to break down into sugars because of the presence of lignin and the complex structure of cell walls. Transgenic down-regulation of major lignin genes led to reduced lignin content, increased dry matter degradability, and improved accessibility of cellulases for cellulose degradation. This review provides background information on lignin biosynthesis and focuses on genetic manipulation of lignin genes in important monocot species as well as the dicot potential biofuel crop alfalfa. Reduction of lignin in biofuel crops by genetic engineering is likely one of the most effective ways of reducing costs associated with pretreatment and hydrolysis of cellulosic feedstocks, although some potential fitness issues should also be addressed. C1 [Hisano, Hiroshi; Nandakumar, Rangaraj; Wang, Zeng-Yu] Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. [Hisano, Hiroshi; Nandakumar, Rangaraj; Wang, Zeng-Yu] BESC, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, ZY (reprint author), Samuel Roberts Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Improvement Div, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. EM zywang@noble.org RI Hisano, Hiroshi/E-7172-2012 FU BioEnergy Science Center; Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science FX This work was supported by the BioEnergy Science Center and the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation. The BioEnergy Science Center is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. NR 63 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUN PY 2009 VL 45 IS 3 BP 306 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s11627-009-9219-5 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 459MC UT WOS:000267105700009 ER PT J AU Grahame, TJ AF Grahame, Thomas J. TI Does improved exposure information for PM2.5 constituents explain differing results among epidemiological studies? SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ST-SEGMENT DEPRESSION; ELDERLY SUBJECTS; AMBIENT AIR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; MEASUREMENT ERROR; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Contrary findings are often found among epidemiological studies examining associations of different types of airborne particulates against the same health endpoints. Some studies of heart rate variability (HRV) in humans find associations with either regional particulate material 2.5 microns or smaller (PM(2.5)) and/or with "sulfate" while some do not; some find associations with more local emissions such as black carbon (BC), while others do not. We explore if there might there be a consistent methodological explanation for inconsistent findings among HRV studies. To do this, we identify studies of HRV changes in humans examining associations with ambient PM(2.5) and sulfate, ambient PM(2.5) and BC, or all three; we briefly review findings and methodologies, including exposure issues; then we explore why studies may come to different conclusions. We tentatively conclude that differences in accuracy of subject exposure information for health-relevant emissions such as BC, which vary spatially over short distances in urban areas, may explain conflicting study results. HRV studies with accurate exposure information for BC or urban/industrial PM(2.5) generally find large, significant associations with BC or urban/industrial PM(2.5), but rarely with secondary sulfate or regional emissions generally. However, absent accurate exposure information for BC, studies appear more likely to find associations with less spatially variable secondary sulfate or PM(2.5), and less likely to find strong associations with BC. However, research on this subject is limited, as are the number of studies evaluated here. Added research is necessary to confirm these findings (or otherwise), and to explore whether exposure misclassification might cause other health effects results to consistently vary. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Grahame, TJ (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Thomas.grahame@hq.doe.gov NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 381 EP 393 DI 10.1080/08958370802380495 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900001 PM 19234961 ER PT J AU Corley, RA Minard, KR Kabilan, S Einstein, DR Kuprat, AP Harkema, JR Kimbell, JS Gargas, ML Kinzell, JH AF Corley, R. A. Minard, K. R. Kabilan, S. Einstein, D. R. Kuprat, A. P. Harkema, J. R. Kimbell, J. S. Gargas, M. L. Kinzell, John H. TI Magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of rabbit nasal airflows for the development of hybrid CFD/PBPK models SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-ASSESSMENT; INHALED FORMALDEHYDE; INHALATION MODEL; DOSIMETRY MODEL; RAT; PASSAGES; PREDICTIONS; TOXICITY; VAPORS; NOSE AB The percentages of total airflows over the nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelium of female rabbits were calculated from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of steady-state inhalation. These airflow calculations, along with nasal airway geometry determinations, are critical parameters for hybrid CFD/physiologically based pharmacokinetic models that describe the nasal dosimetry of water-soluble or reactive gases and vapors in rabbits. CFD simulations were based upon three-dimensional computational meshes derived from magnetic resonance images of three adult female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. In the anterior portion of the nose, the maxillary turbinates of rabbits are considerably more complex than comparable regions in rats, mice, monkeys, or humans. This leads to a greater surface area to volume ratio in this region and thus the potential for increased extraction of water soluble or reactive gases and vapors in the anterior portion of the nose compared to many other species. Although there was considerable interanimal variability in the fine structures of the nasal turbinates and airflows in the anterior portions of the nose, there was remarkable consistency between rabbits in the percentage of total inspired airflows that reached the ethmoid turbinate region (similar to 50%) that is presumably lined with olfactory epithelium. These latter results (airflows reaching the ethmoid turbinate region) were higher than previous published estimates for the male F344 rat (19%) and human (7%). These differences in regional airflows can have significant implications in interspecies extrapolations of nasal dosimetry. C1 [Corley, R. A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Harkema, J. R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kimbell, J. S.] Hamner Inst Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Gargas, M. L.] Sapphire Grp Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Kinzell, John H.] Arysta Life Sci, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Corley, RA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Pacific NW Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rick.corley@pnl.gov FU Arvesta Corporation, San Francisco, CA [47542]; U.S. Department of Energy [40403]; National Institutes of Health [HL073598-01A1, ES011617] FX Research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (a national scientific user facility sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research) located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and operated for DOE by Battelle. This work was funded by the Arvesta Corporation, San Francisco, CA, under BNW Project 47542. The MR imaging, airway segmentation, and computational methods were made possible by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy (Project 40403) and National Institutes of Health (NHLBI HL073598-01A1 and NIEHS ES011617). NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1080/08958370802598005 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900015 PM 19519151 ER PT J AU Thrall, KD Sasser, LB Creim, JA Gargas, ML Kinzell, JH Corley, RA AF Thrall, Karla D. Sasser, Lyle B. Creim, Jeff A. Gargas, Michael L. Kinzell, John H. Corley, Richard A. TI Studies supporting the development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methyl iodide: pharmacokinetics of sodium iodide (NaI) in pregnant rabbits SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCHLORATE; RAT; INHIBITION; KINETICS AB Methyl iodide (Mel) is a water soluble monohalomethane that is metabolized in vivo to release iodide (I(-)). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model exists for iodide in adult rats, pregnant rats and fetuses, and lactating rats and neonates, but not for pregnant rabbits and fetuses, which have been used extensively for toxicity testing with Mel. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the blood and tissue distribution kinetics of radioiodide in pregnant rabbits and fetuses. Timed-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits received a single intravenous injection of the sodium salt of iodine-131 (Na(131)I) at either a high (10 mg/kg body weight) or low (0.75 mg/kg body weight) dose on gestation day 25. At various intervals ranging from 0.5 to 24 h post-injection, blood and tissues (thyroid, stomach contents, and skin) were collected from each doe, and blood, stomach contents, thyroid, trachea, and amniotic fluid were collected from a random sampling of three fetuses per doe per time point. Radioiodide accumulated as expected in the thyroid of maternal animals, where concentrations were the highest of any maternal tissues measured in both dose groups. Radioiodide also accumulated in fetal blood and tissues; levels were consistently higher than maternal levels and, unlike maternal tissues, showed no evidence of clearance over the 24-h sampling period. In contrast to observations in the maternal animals, fetal stomach contents showed the highest accumulation of radioiodide for both dose groups by 1-2 h after dosing, followed by the trachea and thyroid tissues, with the lowest concentrations of radioiodide in the amniotic fluid and blood. There was no evidence for preferential accumulation of radioiodide in fetal thyroid tissues. C1 [Thrall, Karla D.; Sasser, Lyle B.; Creim, Jeff A.; Corley, Richard A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Gargas, Michael L.] Sapphire Grp Inc, Beavercreek, OH USA. [Kinzell, John H.] Arysta LifeSci Corp, Cary, NC USA. RP Thrall, KD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Pacific NW Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-59, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM karla.thrall@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 519 EP 523 DI 10.1080/08958370802598286 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900016 PM 19337875 ER PT J AU Poet, TS Wu, H Corley, RA Thrall, KD AF Poet, Torka S. Wu, Hong Corley, Richard A. Thrall, Karla D. TI In vitro glutathione conjugation of methyl iodide in rat, rabbit, and human blood and tissues SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-ERYTHROCYTES; METABOLISM; CHLORIDE; DICHLOROMETHANE; MODEL AB Methyl iodide (Mel) is an intermediate in the manufacture of some pesticides and pharmaceuticals, and is under review for US registration as a non-ozone depleting alternative for methyl bromide for pre-plant soil fumigation. Mel is primarily metabolized via conjugation with glutathione (GSH), with further metabolism to S-methyl cysteine and methanethiol. To facilitate extrapolations of animal pharmacokinetic data to humans, rate constants for the GSH metabolism of Mel were determined in cytosols prepared from the liver and kidneys of rats, human donors, female rabbits, and rabbit fetuses, from rabbit olfactory and respiratory epithelium, and from rabbit and rat blood using a headspace vial equilibration technique and two-compartment mathematical model. Mel was metabolized in liver and kidney from adults of all three species, but metabolism was not detectable in fetal rabbit kidney. Maximal metabolic rates (V(max)) were similar in liver from rat and human donors (similar to 40 and 47 nmol/min/mg, respectively) whereas the V(max) rates in kidney cytosols varied approximately three-fold between the three species. No difference was observed in the loss of Mel from active and inactive whole blood from either rats or rabbits. The metabolism in olfactory and respiratory epithelial cytosol had Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) values that were several times higher than for any other tissue, suggesting essentially first-order metabolism in the nose. The metabolism of Mel in human liver cytosol prepared from five individual donors indicated two potential populations, one high affinity/low capacity and one with a lower affinity but higher capacity. C1 [Poet, Torka S.] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Poet, TS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Pacific NW Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999,MSIN P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM torka.poet@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 524 EP 530 DI 10.1080/08958370802598203 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900017 PM 19519152 ER PT J AU Thrall, KD Woodstock, AD Soelberg, JJ Gargas, ML Kinzell, JH Corley, RA AF Thrall, Karla D. Woodstock, Angela D. Soelberg, Jolen J. Gargas, Michael L. Kinzell, John H. Corley, Richard A. TI A real-time methodology to evaluate the nasal absorption of volatile compounds in anesthetized animals SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAT; REMOVAL; VAPORS AB Nasal dosimetry models that combine computational fluid dynamics and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling incorporate information on species-specific anatomical differences, including nasal airflow, mucosal diffusion, clearance-extraction, and metabolism specific to different epithelial layers. As such, these hybrid models have the potential to improve interspecies dosimetric comparisons, and may ultimately reduce uncertainty associated with calculation of reference concentrations. Validation of these models, however, will require unique experimental data. To this end, a method for evaluating the uptake of a prototypical compound, methyl iodide (Mel), in the nasal cavity of the intact animal was developed. The procedure involved insertion of a small-diameter air-sampling probe in the depth of the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx region in anesthetized animals. The exterior portion of the probe was connected directly to a mass spectrometer to provide a continual real-time analysis of concentrations of Mel in the nasal cavity. A plethysmography system was used to monitor breathing parameters, including frequency and tidal volume for each animal. Animals were placed in a sealed glass chamber and exposed to Mel at initial chamber concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 ppm. Studies were conducted on n = 3 rabbits per exposure concentration for a total of nine animals and n = 6 rats at a single exposure concentration of 1 ppm. In the rabbit, the percent of Mel absorbed in the nasal cavity ranged from 57 to 92% (average 72 +/- 11) regardless of exposure concentration. Similarly, the percent of Mel absorbed in the nasal cavity of the rat ranged from 51 to 71% (average 63 +/- 8). C1 [Thrall, Karla D.; Woodstock, Angela D.; Soelberg, Jolen J.; Corley, Richard A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gargas, Michael L.] Sapphire Grp Inc, Dayton, OH USA. [Kinzell, John H.] Arysta Life Sci Corp, Cary, NC USA. RP Thrall, KD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Biol Monitoring & Modeling Grp, Pacific NW Div, 902 Battelle Blvd,Mail Stop P7-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM karla.thrall@pnl.gov FU Arysta Life Science Corporation FX This work was supported by Arysta Life Science Corporation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by Chris Carosino. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 531 EP 536 DI 10.1080/08958370802601452 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900018 PM 19519153 ER PT J AU Sweeney, LM Kirman, CR Gannon, SA Thrall, KD Gargas, ML Kinzell, JH AF Sweeney, Lisa M. Kirman, Christopher R. Gannon, Shawn A. Thrall, Karla D. Gargas, Michael L. Kinzell, John H. TI Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methyl iodide in rats, rabbits, and humans SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Methyl iodide; physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling; iodide; glutathione ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; HUMAN NASAL-MUCOSA; BLOOD-FLOW; CARDIAC-OUTPUT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; VARIABILITY ANALYSES; OLFACTORY TOXICITY; INHALATION MODEL; DOSIMETRY MODEL AB Methyl iodide (Mel) has been proposed as an alternative to methyl bromide as a pre-plant soil fumigant that does not deplete stratospheric ozone. In inhalation toxicity studies performed in animals as part of the registration process, three effects have been identified that warrant consideration in developing toxicity reference values for human risk assessment: nasal lesions (rat), acute neurotoxicity (rat), and fetal loss (rabbit). Uncertainties in the risk assessment can be reduced by using an internal measure of target tissue dose that is linked to the likely mode of action (MOA) for the toxicity of Mel, rather than the external exposure concentration. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have been developed for Mel and used to reduce uncertainties in the risk assessment extrapolations (e.g. interspecies, high to low dose, exposure scenario). PBPK model-derived human equivalent concentrations comparable to the animal study NOAELs (no observed adverse effect levels) for the endpoints of interest were developed for a I-day, 24-hr exposure of bystanders or 8 hr/day exposure of workers. Variability analyses of the PBPK models support application of uncertainty factors (UF) of approximately 2 for intrahuman pharmacokinetic variability for the nasal effects and acute neurotoxicity. C1 [Sweeney, Lisa M.; Gargas, Michael L.] Sapphire Grp Inc, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. [Kirman, Christopher R.] Sapphire Grp Inc, Beachwood, OH USA. [Gannon, Shawn A.] DuPont Co Inc, Haskell Lab, Newark, DE 19714 USA. [Thrall, Karla D.] Battelle Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Kinzell, John H.] Arysta LifeSci Corp, Cary, NC USA. RP Sweeney, LM (reprint author), Sapphire Grp Inc, 2661 Commons Blvd,2nd Floor, Dayton, OH 45431 USA. EM LMS29@cwru.edu RI Sweeney, Lisa/K-5114-2012 OI Sweeney, Lisa/0000-0002-4672-7358 FU Arysta LifeScience Corporation FX Financial support was provided by Arysta LifeScience Corporation. We are grateful to Drs. Rick Corley, Jim Morris, and Torka Poet (PNNL), Drs. Matt Hirrimelstein, Ray Kemper, and Mike DeLorme (DuPont-Haskell Laboratory), Ed Kaiser (Exygen) and Dr. Eddie Sloter (WIL Laboratories) for providing preliminary data to expedite modeling. We also thank Elaine Merrill (Geo-Centers), who provided the perchlorate/iodide model code. We appreciate valuable discussions with Drs. Paul Schlosser and Hugh Barton (US EPA) regarding model parameter values and application of the model in risk assessment. NR 106 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 21 IS 5-7 BP 552 EP 582 DI 10.1080/08958370802601569 PG 31 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 478GX UT WOS:000268576900020 PM 19519155 ER PT J AU Ma, SQ Sun, DF Forster, PM Yuan, DQ Zhuang, WJ Chen, YS Parise, JB Zhou, HC AF Ma, Shengqian Sun, Daofeng Forster, Paul M. Yuan, Daqiang Zhuang, Wenjuan Chen, Yu-Sheng Parise, John B. Zhou, Hong-Cai TI A Three-Dimensional Porous Metal-Organic Framework Constructed from Two-Dimensional Sheets via Interdigitation Exhibiting Dynamic Features SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROPOROUS COORDINATION POLYMERS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; GAS-ADSORPTION; SORPTION PROPERTIES; SELECTIVE SORPTION; RETICULAR SYNTHESIS; THERMAL-STABILITY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; DESIGN; SEPARATION AB A three-dimensional porous metal-organic framework (PCN-18) was constructed through interdigitating two-dimensional grid sheets composed of 4,4'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)dibenzoate and copper paddlewheel secondary building units, and its dynamic features were evidenced by gas sorption isotherms. C1 [Ma, Shengqian] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Sun, Daofeng; Yuan, Daqiang; Zhuang, Wenjuan; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. [Forster, Paul M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Chen, Yu-Sheng] Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, ChemMatCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Parise, John B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Ma, SQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sma@anl.gov; zhou@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Sun, Daofeng/H-3700-2011; Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; Zhou, Hong-Cai/A-3009-2011; Yuan, Daqiang/F-5695-2010; Zhuang, Wenjuan/G-2784-2010 OI Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0002-9029-3788; Yuan, Daqiang/0000-0003-4627-072X; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0003-0115-408X; Forster, Paul/0000-0003-3319-4238; Sun, Daofeng/0000-0003-3184-1841; FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0449634, DMR-800415, CHE-0535644] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and by the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-0449634). Partial support was provided by NSF under Grant DMR-800415. Microcrystal diffraction of PCN-18 was carried out at ANL's Advanced. Photon Source on beamline 151D-C, which is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under Grant CHE-0535644. ANL is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory operated by The University of Chicago at Argonne, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 58 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4616 EP 4618 DI 10.1021/ic900372t PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 450VB UT WOS:000266428100009 PM 19388643 ER PT J AU Todorov, I Chung, DY Ye, LH Freeman, AJ Kanatzidis, MG AF Todorov, Iliya Chung, Duck Young Ye, Linhui Freeman, Arthur J. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI Synthesis, Structure and Charge Transport Properties of Yb(5)A(12)Sb(6): A Zintl Phase with Incomplete Electron Transfer SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PLANE-WAVE METHOD; THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; POLAR INTERMETALLICS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; EARTH; CHAINS; FLUX; SR; CS; SB AB We report the synthesis, structure, spectroscopic properties, charge and thermal transport, and electronic structure of a new member of the Zintl family, Yb(5)A(12)Sb(6). The compound crystallizes in the Ba5Al2Bi6 structure type and requires the addition of Ge or Si in the synthesis, which years to act as a catalyst. Yb(5)A(12)Sb(6) has an anisotropic structure with infinite anionic double chains cross-linked by Yb2+ ions. Polycrystalline ingots of Yb(5)A(12)Sb(6) prepared in the presence of 0.5 mol equiv of Ge showed room-temperature conductivity, thermopower, and thermal conductivity of similar to 1100 S/cm, similar to 20 mu V/K, and similar to 3.8 W/m . K, respectively. Investigations of other solid solutions of Yb(5)A(12)Sb(6), doping effects, and chemical modifications are discussed. Sr only partially replaces Yb in the structure leading to Sr0.85Yb4.15Al2Sb6. Electronic structure calculations performed using a highly precise full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within the density functional theory scheme show the presence of a negative band gap and suggest incomplete electron transfer and a metallic character to the compound. C1 [Todorov, Iliya; Chung, Duck Young; Freeman, Arthur J.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ye, Linhui] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ye, Linhui; Freeman, Arthur J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF FX This project was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. A.J.F. thanks the NSF (through its MRSEC program at the N.U. Materials Research Center). NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4768 EP 4776 DI 10.1021/ic900035a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 450VB UT WOS:000266428100037 PM 19374366 ER PT J AU Zhang, RH Xia, WS Wang, HX Zhou, ZH AF Zhang, Rong-Hua Xia, Wen-Sheng Wang, Hongxin Zhou, Zhao-Hui TI Metal-organic frameworks constructed from monomeric, dimeric and trimeric phenanthroline citrate zinc building units SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Zinc; Citric acid; Crystal structure; Mixed ligands; Interconversion ID MIXED-LIGAND COMPLEXES; N-DONOR LIGANDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; COORDINATION POLYMERS; 1D CHAIN; ARCHITECTURES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; INTERCONVERSION; LUMINESCENCE AB Adduct of mononuclear and dinuclear citrate zinc complex [Zn(Hcit)(phen)(H(2)O)][Zn(2)(Hcit)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(3)}center dot 13.5H(2)O (1) and its aggregate [Zn(3)(Hcit)(2)(phen)(4)](n)center dot 14nH(2)O (2) (H(4)Cit = citric acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized in weak acidic solutions. The former was obtained from the reaction of zinc nitrate, citric acid and phenanthroline in a molar ratio of 3:23, while a slightly excess of phenanthroline results in the formation of the polymeric product 2 in a molar ratio of 3:2:4 Transformation of 1 to 2 was finished by the reaction of 1 with an equimolar of phenanthroline in 72% yield. Reverse conversion of 2 to I is obtained in 77% yield, showing an equilibrium between 1 and 2. Neutral compound I consists of one monomeric anionic unit [Zn(Hcit)(phen)(H(2)O)](-) and one dimeric cationic unit [Zn(2)(Hcit)(phen)(2)(H(2)O)(3)](+) that connect each other by strong hydrogen bonds [O6 center dot center dot center dot O4w 2.636(2); O7 center dot center dot center dot O3w 2.630(3) angstrom]. In 2. the citrate ligand links each trinuclear unit [Zn(3)(Hcit)(2)(phen)(4)] to generate an infinite I D chain that extents into a 3D supramolecular structure by intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds. Moreover, 1 and 2 exhibit strong fluorescence at room temperature. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Rong-Hua; Xia, Wen-Sheng; Zhou, Zhao-Hui] Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Natl Engn Lab Green Chem Prod Alcohols Ethers Est, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hongxin; Zhou, Zhao-Hui] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhou, ZH (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Natl Engn Lab Green Chem Prod Alcohols Ethers Est, State Key Lab Phys Chem Solid Surface, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM zhzou@xmu.edu.cn RI Zhou, ZH/G-4658-2010; SKL, PCOSS/D-4395-2013 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM065440, R01 GM065440-01, R01 GM065440-02, R01 GM065440-03, R01 GM065440-04, R01 GM065440-04S1] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-7003 J9 INORG CHEM COMMUN JI Inorg. Chem. Commun. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 12 IS 6 BP 583 EP 587 DI 10.1016/j.inoche.2009.04.028 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 464KL UT WOS:000267503700037 PM 23516124 ER PT J AU Torres, CD Heaney, PJ Sumant, AV Hamilton, MA Carpick, RW Pfefferkorn, FE AF Torres, C. D. Heaney, P. J. Sumant, A. V. Hamilton, M. A. Carpick, R. W. Pfefferkorn, F. E. TI Analyzing the performance of diamond-coated micro end mills SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE Micro end milling; Nanocrystalline diamond (NCD); Fine-grained diamond (FGD); Coating; Friction; Hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; CUTTING TOOLS; COATINGS; FRICTION; ALUMINUM; FILMS AB A method is presented to improve the tool life and cutting performance of 300 mu m diameter tungsten carbide (WC) micro end mills by applying thin (<300nm) fine-grained diamond (FGD) and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) coatings using the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) process. The performance of the diamond-coated tools has been evaluated by comparing their performance in dry slot milling of 6061-T6 aluminum against uncoated WC micro end mills. Tool wear, coating integrity, and chip morphology were characterized using SEM and white light interferometry. The initial test results show a dramatic improvement in the tool integrity (i.e., corners not breaking off), a lower wear rate, no observable adhesion of aluminum to the diamond-coated tool, and a significant reduction in the cutting forces (>50%). Reduction of the cutting forces is attributed to the low friction and adhesion of the diamond coating. However, approximately 80% of the tools coated with the larger FGD coatings failed during testing due to delamination. Additional machining benefits were attained for the NCD films, which was obtained by using a higher nucleation density seeding process for diamond growth. This process allowed for thinner, smaller grained diamond coatings to be deposited on the micro end mills, and enabled continued operation of the tool even after the integrity of the diamond coating had been compromised. As opposed to the FGD-coated end mills, only 40% of the NCD-tools experienced delamination issues. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Torres, C. D.; Pfefferkorn, F. E.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heaney, P. J.] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sumant, A. V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hamilton, M. A.; Carpick, R. W.] Univ Penn, Dept Mech Engn & Appl Mech, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Pfefferkorn, FE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, 1513 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pfefferkorn@engr.wisc.edu OI Heaney, Patrick/0000-0002-5239-6751; Pfefferkorn, Frank/0000-0002-6575-0190 FU NFS [CMMI-0700794/0700351]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Support of this research was initiated by funding from an Industrial and Economic Development Research Grant from the state of Wisconsin, and is now partially funded by NFS Grant CMMI-0700794/0700351, NSF-supported shared facilities, and the College of Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The authors would like to thank David Burton of Performance Micro Tool for providing the micro end mills. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-6955 J9 INT J MACH TOOL MANU JI Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 49 IS 7-8 BP 599 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.02.001 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 446NE UT WOS:000266127500007 ER PT J AU Garcia, P Rosen, J Kapoor, C Noakes, M Elbert, G Treat, M Ganous, T Hanson, M Manak, J Hasser, C Rohler, D Satava, R AF Garcia, Pablo Rosen, Jacob Kapoor, Chetan Noakes, Mark Elbert, Greg Treat, Michael Ganous, Tim Hanson, Matt Manak, Joe Hasser, Chris Rohler, David Satava, Richard TI Trauma Pod: a semi-automated telerobotic surgical system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER ASSISTED SURGERY LA English DT Article DE medical automation; telesurgery; surgical intervention; teleoperation; trauma stabilization; robotic surgery; operating room automation ID SURGERY; ROBOTICS AB Background The Trauma Pod (TP) vision is to develop a rapidly deployable robotic system to perform critical acute stabilization and/or surgical procedures, autonomously or in a teleoperative mode, on wounded soldiers in the battlefield who might otherwise die before treatment in a combat hospital could be provided. Methods In the first phase of a project pursuing this vision, a robotic TP system was developed and its capability demonstrated by performing selected surgical procedures on a patient phantom. Results The system demonstrates the feasibility of performing acute stabilization procedures with the patient being the only human in the surgical cell. The teleoperated surgical robot is supported by autonomous robotic arms and subsystems that carry out scrub-nurse and circulating-nurse functions. Tool change and supply delivery are performed automatically and at least as fast as performed manually by nurses. Tracking and counting of the supplies is performed automatically. The TP system also includes a tomographic X-ray facility for patient diagnosis and two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopic data to support interventions. The vast amount of clinical protocols generated in the TP system are recorded automatically. Conclusions Automation and teleoperation capabilities form the basis for a more comprehensive acute diagnostic and management platform that will provide life-saving care in environments where surgical personnel are not present. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Garcia, Pablo] SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Rosen, Jacob] UCSC, Dept Comp Engn, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Kapoor, Chetan] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Noakes, Mark] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Elbert, Greg] Gen Dynam Robot Syst, Westminster, MD USA. [Treat, Michael] Robot Surg Technol, Bronx, NY USA. [Ganous, Tim] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Manak, Joe] GE Res, Nishkayna, NY USA. [Hasser, Chris] Intuit Surg Inc, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Satava, Richard] Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Garcia, P (reprint author), SRI Int, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM pablo.garcia@sri.com FU Defence Advanced Research Program Agency (DARPA); Telemedicine Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) FX This project was made possible with the financial support and technical guidance provided by the Defence Advanced Research Program Agency (DARPA) and Telemedicine Advanced Technology Research Center (TATRC) staff. The authors acknowledge the contributions of the following individuals at: SRI International, Mark Eliot, Jeff Shimon, Bruce Knoth, Mike Cutter, Kevin Hufford, David Nitzan and Tom Low; University of Washington, Diana Freedman, Jesse Dosher, Tim Kowalewski and Blake Hannaford; University of Texas, Ed Jung, Greg Giem and Mitch Pryor; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, David Jung, Brad Richardson, Randall Lind, Lonnie Love and Francois Pin; General Dynamics Robotic Systems, Ken Jones, Josh Summer and Jennifer Simon; Robotic Surgical Technologies, Jay Klein and Michael Brady; University of Maryland, Patti Ordonez and Nimish Vartak; Integrated Medical Systems, Terry Domae; Intuitive Surgical Inc., Rajesh Kumar, Tabish Mustafa, Gary Zhang, Paul Mohr, Brian Miller and Bill Nowlin; Multi Dimensional Imaging, Jim Szpak and Bob Murzyn; University of Cincinnati, Dr Tim Broderick; Stanford University, Dr Sanjeev Dutta and Dr Brendan Viser. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1478-5951 J9 INT J MED ROBOT COMP JI Int. J. Med. Robot. Comput. Assist. Surg. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 5 IS 2 BP 136 EP 146 DI 10.1002/rcs.238 PG 11 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 458XU UT WOS:000267063700003 PM 19222048 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW AF Thomas, Anthony W. TI SPIN AND ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM IN THE PROTON SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th DAE-BRNS Workshop on Hadron Physics CY FEB 18-23, 2008 CL Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci HO Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys ID DEPENDENT PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; INCORPORATING CHIRAL-SYMMETRY; BARYON MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; BAG MODEL; HADRON STRUCTURE; DELTA-G/G; NUCLEON; SEA; EXTRAPOLATIONS AB Since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration there has been considerable progress in unravelling the distribution of spin and orbital angular momentum within the proton. We review the current status of the problem, showing that not only have strong upper limits have been placed on the amount of polarized glue in the proton but that the experimental determination of the spin content has become much more precise. It is now clear that the origin of the discrepancy between experiment and the naive expectation of the fraction of spin carried by the quarks and anti-quarks in the proton lies in the non-perturbative structure of the proton. We explain how the features expected in a modern, relativistic and chirally symmetric description of nucleon structure naturally explain the current data. The consequences of this explanation for the presence of orbital angular momentum on quarks and gluons is reviewed and comparison made with recent results from lattice QCD and experimental data. C1 [Thomas, Anthony W.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Thomas, Anthony W.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 83 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 EI 1793-6608 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 1116 EP 1134 PG 19 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 469BE UT WOS:000267869100003 ER PT J AU Lee, TSH AF Lee, T. -S. H. TI REACTION MODELS FOR MESON PRODUCTION REACTIONS IN THE NUCLEON RESONANCE REGION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article CT 4th DAE-BRNS Workshop on Hadron Physics CY FEB 18-23, 2008 CL Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci HO Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys ID PI-N SCATTERING; QUARK MODELS; UNITARY; PHOTOPRODUCTION; PROTON AB Reaction models for extracting nucleon resonance parameters from the data of meson production reactions are reviewed. The dynamical coupled-channel analysis at the Excited Baryon Analysis Center at Jefferson Laboratory is reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, TSH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Lee@phy.anl.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5-6 BP 1215 EP 1225 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 469BE UT WOS:000267869100009 ER PT J AU Jha, V Budzanowski, A Chatterjee, A Hawranek, P Jahn, R Jain, BK Kailas, S Kilian, K Kliczewski, S Kirillov, D Kirillov, D Kolev, D Kravcikova, M Lesiak, M Lieb, J Liu, LC Machner, H Magiera, A Maier, R Martinska, G Nedev, S Piskunov, N Protic, D Ritman, J von Rossen, P Roy, BJ Shukla, P Sitnik, I Siudak, R Tsenov, R Urban, J Vankova, G AF Jha, V. Budzanowski, A. Chatterjee, A. Hawranek, P. Jahn, R. Jain, B. K. Kailas, S. Kilian, K. Kliczewski, S. Kirillov, Da. Kirillov, Di. Kolev, D. Kravcikova, M. Lesiak, M. Lieb, J. Liu, L. C. Machner, H. Magiera, A. Maier, R. Martinska, G. Nedev, S. Piskunov, N. Protic, D. Ritman, J. von Rossen, P. Roy, B. J. Shukla, P. Sitnik, I. Siudak, R. Tsenov, R. Urban, J. Vankova, G. TI SEARCH OF eta-NUCLEUS BOUND STATE FORMATION IN RECOIL FREE TRANSFER REACTIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS E-NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th DAE-BRNS Workshop on Hadron Physics CY FEB 18-23, 2008 CL Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys, Aligarh, INDIA SP Dept Atom Energy, Board Res Nucl Sci HO Aligarh Muslim Univ, Dept Phys DE eta meson production; eta-nucleon and eta-nucleus interaction ID SCATTERING AB We have performed an experiment to search for the bound state of eta meson in nuclei. We have measured the reaction p+ (27)Al -> (3)He + p + pi(-) + X at recoil-free kinematics. An. meson possibly produced in this reaction would be thus almost at rest in the laboratory system and could therefore be bound with high probability, if bound nuclear. states exist. The decay of such a state through the N*(1535) resonance would lead to a proton-pi(-) pair emitted in opposite directions. For these conditions we find some indication of such a bound state. An upper limit of approximate to 0.5 nb for the formation cross section is found. C1 [Jha, V.; Chatterjee, A.; Kailas, S.; Roy, B. J.; Shukla, P.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Nucl Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Budzanowski, A.; Kliczewski, S.; Siudak, R.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Hawranek, P.; Lesiak, M.; Magiera, A.] Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Jahn, R.] Univ Bonn, Helmholtz Inst Strahlen & Kernphys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Jain, B. K.] Mumbai Univ, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [Kilian, K.; Kirillov, Da.; Machner, H.; Maier, R.; Protic, D.; Ritman, J.; von Rossen, P.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. [Kirillov, Di.; Piskunov, N.; Sitnik, I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab High Energies, Dubna, Russia. [Kolev, D.; Tsenov, R.; Vankova, G.] Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. [Kravcikova, M.] Tech Univ, Kosice, Slovakia. [Lieb, J.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Liu, L. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Martinska, G.; Urban, J.] J Safarik Univ, Kosice, Slovakia. [Nedev, S.] Univ Chem Technol & Met, BU-1756 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Jha, V (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Nucl Phys, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. EM vjha@barc.gov.in NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0218-3013 J9 INT J MOD PHYS E JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. E-Nucl. Phys. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 18 IS 5-6 BP 1378 EP 1382 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 469BE UT WOS:000267869100022 ER PT J AU Bronevetsky, G Gyllenhaal, J de Supinski, BR AF Bronevetsky, Greg Gyllenhaal, John de Supinski, Bronis R. TI CLOMP: Accurately Characterizing OpenMP Application Overheads SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article CT 4th International Workshop on OpenMP (IWOMP-2008) CY MAY 12-14, 2008 CL Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN HO Purdue Univ DE OpenMP; Benchmarking; Performance; Profiling; Shared memory AB Despite its ease of use, OpenMP has failed to gain widespread use on large scale systems, largely due to its failure to deliver sufficient performance. Our experience indicates that the cost of initiating OpenMP regions is simply too high for the desired OpenMP usage scenario of many applications. In this paper, we introduce CLOMP, a new benchmark to characterize this aspect of OpenMP implementations accurately. CLOMP complements the existing EPCC benchmark suite to provide simple, easy to understand measurements of OpenMP overheads in the context of application usage scenarios. Our results for several OpenMP implementations demonstrate that CLOMP identifies the amount of work required to compensate for the overheads observed with EPCC. We also show that CLOMP also captures limitations for OpenMP parallelization on SMT and NUMA systems. Finally, CLOMPI, our MPI extension of CLOMP, demonstrates which aspects of OpenMP interact poorly with MPI when MPI helper threads cannot run on the NIC. C1 [Bronevetsky, Greg; Gyllenhaal, John; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bronevetsky, G (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM greg@bronevetsky.com; gyllen@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7458 J9 INT J PARALLEL PROG JI Int. J. Parallel Program. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 37 IS 3 BP 250 EP 265 DI 10.1007/s10766-009-0096-7 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 445ZC UT WOS:000266089000002 ER PT J AU Cruz-Martinez, K Suttle, KB Brodie, EL Power, ME Andersen, GL Banfield, JF AF Cruz-Martinez, Karelyn Suttle, K. Blake Brodie, Eoin L. Power, Mary E. Andersen, Gary L. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Despite strong seasonal responses, soil microbial consortia are more resilient to long-term changes in rainfall than overlying grassland SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNA microarrays; climate change; grasslands; microbial communities; rainfall; soil ID BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; PLANT DIVERSITY; GLOBAL CHANGE; BIODIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION AB Climate change impacts on soil microbial communities could alter the structure of terrestrial ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles of the Earth. We used 16S rRNA gene microarrays to evaluate changes in the composition of grassland soil microbial communities under rainfall amendments simulating alternative climate change scenarios, and to compare these to responses of overlying plants and invertebrates. Following 5 years of rainfall manipulation, soil bacteria and archaea in plots where natural rain was supplemented differed little from ambient controls, despite profound treatment-related changes in the overlying grassland. During the sixth and seventh year, seasonal differences in bacterial and archaeal assemblages emerged among treatments, but only when watering exacerbated or alleviated periods of particularly aberrant conditions in the ambient climate. In contrast to effects on plants and invertebrates, effects on bacteria and archaea did not compound across seasons or years, indicating that soil microbial communities may be more robust than associated aboveground macroorganisms to certain alterations in climate. The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 738-744; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2009.16; published online 12 March 2009 C1 [Cruz-Martinez, Karelyn; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cruz-Martinez, Karelyn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brodie, Eoin L.; Andersen, Gary L.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Power, Mary E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrated Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbanfield@berkeley.edu RI Young, Kristina/M-3069-2014; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 NR 48 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 7 U2 74 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JUN PY 2009 VL 3 IS 6 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.1038/ismej.2009.16 PG 7 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 452HI UT WOS:000266530600010 PM 19279669 ER EF