FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Von Ruden, AL Polikarpov, E Koech, PK Cosimbescu, L Swensen, J Chopra, N Darsell, JT Padmaperuma, AB AF Von Ruden, Amber L. Polikarpov, Evgueni Koech, Phillip K. Cosimbescu, Lelia Swensen, James Chopra, Neetu Darsell, Jens T. Padmaperuma, Asanga B. TI Novel hole blocking materials for blue electro phosphorescent OLEDs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Von Ruden, Amber L.; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Koech, Phillip K.; Cosimbescu, Lelia; Swensen, James; Chopra, Neetu; Darsell, Jens T.; Padmaperuma, Asanga B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Chopra, Neetu/F-3307-2012 OI Chopra, Neetu/0000-0002-0114-532X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 85-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861908267 ER PT J AU Vovk, MV Sukach, V Mel'nichenko, N Gakh, AA AF Vovk, Mykhailo V. Sukach, Volodymyr Mel'nichenko, Nina Gakh, Andrei A. TI Novel CF3O-heterocyclic systems for prostate cancer chemotherapy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vovk, Mykhailo V.; Sukach, Volodymyr; Mel'nichenko, Nina] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Organ Chem, UA-02094 Kiev, Ukraine. [Gakh, Andrei A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mvovk@ioch.kiev.ua; gakhaa@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 735-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861908767 ER PT J AU Walker, BN Stolee, JA Pickel, DL Retterer, S Vertes, A AF Walker, Bennett N. Stolee, Jessica A. Pickel, Deanna L. Retterer, Scott Vertes, Akos TI ANYL 378-Nanopost array (NAPA) photonic ion sources for soft laser desorption ionization SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Walker, Bennett N.; Stolee, Jessica A.] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Pickel, Deanna L.; Retterer, Scott] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vertes, Akos] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, WM Keck Inst Prote Technol & Applicat, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM bennettw@gwmail.gwu.edu; jstolee@gwmail.gwu.edu; pickeldl@ornl.gov; rettererst@ornl.gov; vertes@gwu.edu RI Pickel, Deanna/E-4778-2010; Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 378-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901175 ER PT J AU Wang, C van der Vliet, D Strmcnik, D Markovic, N Stamenkovic, V AF Wang, Chao van der Vliet, Dennis Strmcnik, Dusan Markovic, Nenad Stamenkovic, Vojislav TI COLL 115-Pt-based nanoparticles as catalyst for energy conversion SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Chao; van der Vliet, Dennis; Strmcnik, Dusan; Markovic, Nenad; Stamenkovic, Vojislav] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chaowang@anl.gov; vrstamenkovic@anl.gov RI van der Vliet, Dennis/P-2983-2015 OI van der Vliet, Dennis/0000-0002-2524-527X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 115-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903495 ER PT J AU Wang, LQ Karkamkar, A Autrey, T Exarhos, GJ AF Wang, Li-Qiong Karkamkar, Abhi Autrey, Tom Exarhos, Gregory J. TI Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR investigation of ammonia borane in mesoporous silica SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Li-Qiong; Karkamkar, Abhi; Exarhos, Gregory J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM lq.wang@pnl.gov; abhi.karkamkar@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 215-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000795 ER PT J AU Wang, W Gu, BH Doktycz, MJ AF Wang, Wei Gu, Baohua Doktycz, Mitchel J. TI COLL 436-Shape-controlled formation of ceria nanocrystals in a surfactant- and template-free process SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Wei; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangw@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 436-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903505 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Hoffmann, CM AF Wang, Xiaoping Hoffmann, Christina M. TI CINF 88-Chemical information from single crystal neutron crystallography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Xiaoping; Hoffmann, Christina M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangx@ornl.gov RI hoffmann, christina/D-2292-2016 OI hoffmann, christina/0000-0002-7222-5845 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 88-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861902719 ER PT J AU Weare, WW Yano, J Yachandra, VK Kubiak, CP Frei, HM AF Weare, Walter Warren Yano, Junko Yachandra, Vittal K. Kubiak, Clifford P. Frei, Heinz M. TI Mesoporous silicate surfaces as scaffolds for light-induced electron transfer into multi-electron catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weare, Walter Warren; Yano, Junko; Yachandra, Vittal K.; Frei, Heinz M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kubiak, Clifford P.] U CA, Dept Chem & Biochem, DEPT 0358, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM wwweare@lbl.gov; JYano@LBL.GOV; VKYachandra@LBL.GOV; ckubiak@ucsd.edu; HMFrei@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 608-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909192 ER PT J AU Wei, Q Xu, HW Yang, DL Timofeeva, TV Obrey, SJ Currier, RP Zhao, YS AF Wei, Qiang Xu, Hongwu Yang, Dali Timofeeva, Tatiana V. Obrey, Stephen J. Currier, Robert P. Zhao, Yusheng TI Metal-organic frameworks from hybrid functional group ligands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wei, Qiang; Obrey, Stephen J.; Currier, Robert P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Xu, Hongwu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Neutron Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Yang, Dali] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Timofeeva, Tatiana V.] New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. [Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM qwei@lanl.gov; hxu@lanl.gov; sobrey@lanl.gov; yzhao@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 528-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000105 ER PT J AU Welch, CF Kim, YS Lee, KS Johnston, CM Labouriau, A Hawley, ME Hjelm, RP Orler, EB AF Welch, Cynthia F. Kim, Yu Seung Lee, K. S. Johnston, Christina M. Labouriau, Andrea Hawley, Marilyn E. Hjelm, Rex P. Orler, E. Bruce TI The effect of solvent on morphology of Nafion (R) 212 dispersions and their effect on fuel cell performance SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Welch, Cynthia F.; Hjelm, Rex P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Johnston, Christina M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Labouriau, Andrea; Orler, E. Bruce] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymer & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hawley, Marilyn E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cwelch@lanl.gov; johnston@lanl.gov; andrea@lanl.gov; hawley@lanl.gov; Hjelm@lanl.gov; eborler@lanl.gov RI Johnston, Christina/A-7344-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 127-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905294 ER PT J AU Wetzler, M Zuckermann, RN Barron, AE AF Wetzler, Modi Zuckermann, Ronald N. Barron, Annelise E. TI POLY 542-Formation of highly monodisperse nanospheres from peptoid oligomers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wetzler, Modi; Barron, Annelise E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Zuckermann, Ronald N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Biol Nanostruct Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 542-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906332 ER PT J AU Wu, CY AF Wu, Ching-Yen TI Radioactive nuclear beam experiments at TRIUMF SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wu, Ching-Yen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wu24@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 37-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904578 ER PT J AU Wu, HM Bai, F Sun, ZC Fan, HY AF Wu, Huimeng Bai, Feng Sun, Zaicheng Fan, Hongyou TI Monodisperse polymer nanoparticle templated metallic core/shell nanostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wu, Huimeng] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Bai, Feng; Sun, Zaicheng] Univ New Mexico, NSF Ctr Microengn Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Fan, Hongyou] Sandia Natl Labs, Ceram Proc & Inorgan Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM hwu@sandia.gov; baifeng@unm.edu; zsun@unm.edu; hfan@sanida.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 109-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000366 ER PT J AU Wu, MM Mintz, M Wang, M Arora, S AF Wu, May M. Mintz, Marianne Wang, Michael Arora, Salil TI Water consumption in the production of bioethanol and petroleum gasoline SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wu, May M.; Mintz, Marianne; Wang, Michael; Arora, Salil] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 309-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905155 ER PT J AU Wu, ZL Wang, XQ Pawel, MD Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Wu, Zili Wang, Xiqing Pawel, Michelle D. Dai, Sheng Overbury, Steven H. TI Multiwavelength Raman spectroscopic investigation of silica-supported vanadium oxide catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wu, Zili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Zili; Wang, Xiqing; Pawel, Michelle D.; Dai, Sheng; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wuz1@ornl.gov; xzw@ornl.gov; dais@ornl.gov; overburysh@ornl.gov RI Pawel, Michelle/Q-2729-2015; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Pawel, Michelle/0000-0003-0244-6703; Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 76-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000080 ER PT J AU Xie, H Schwartz, V Wu, ZL Liang, CD Overbury, SH AF Xie, Hong Schwartz, Viviane Wu, Zili Liang, Chengdu Overbury, Steven H. TI Structure and properties of graphitic carbons for oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Xie, Hong; Wu, Zili; Liang, Chengdu; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wu, Zili; Liang, Chengdu; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xieh@ornl.gov; schwartzv@ornl.gov; wuz1@ornl.gov; liangcn@ornl.gov; overburysh@ornl.gov RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 80-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000196 ER PT J AU Xing, XP Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Xing, Xiao-Peng Wang, Xue-Bin Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Photoelectron angular distributions of multiply charged anions: Effects of photoelectron kinetic energies and molecular structures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Xing, Xiao-Peng; Wang, Xue-Bin] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Wang, Lai-Sheng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, Lai-Sheng] Washington State Univ, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xiaopeng.xing@pnl.gov; xuebin.wang@pnl.gov; ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 542-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909036 ER PT J AU Yang, CX Manocchi, AK Lee, B Yi, HM AF Yang, Cuixian Manocchi, Amy K. Lee, Byeongdu Yi, Hyunmin TI BIOT 259-Viral-templated palladium nanocatalysts for dichromate reduction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Cuixian; Manocchi, Amy K.; Yi, Hyunmin] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cuixian.yang@tufts.edu; amy.manocchi@tufts.edu; hyunmin.yi@tufts.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 259-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901785 ER PT J AU Yang, J Hong, KL Bonnesen, PV AF Yang, Jun Hong, Kunlun Bonnesen, Peter V. TI An approach to the deuterated PAMAM dendrimers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Jun; Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bonnesen, Peter V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bonnesen, Peter V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yangj1@ornl.gov; bonnesenpv@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 109-ORGN PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861908628 ER PT J AU Yang, P Batista, ER Bylaska, EJ de Jong, WA Martin, RL Hay, PJ AF Yang, Ping Batista, Enrique R. Bylaska, Eric J. de Jong, Wibe A. Martin, Richard L. Hay, P. Jeffrey TI Theoretical studies of electronic structure of actinide complexes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Ping; Bylaska, Eric J.; de Jong, Wibe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Batista, Enrique R.; Martin, Richard L.; Hay, P. Jeffrey] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM erb@lanl.gov; eric.bylaska@pnl.gov; bert.dejong@pnl.gov; auclark@wsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 143-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904425 ER PT J AU Yang, SC Blachowicz, L Sandter, W Bezanilla, F Makowski, L Roux, B AF Yang, Sichun Blachowicz, Lydia Sandter, Walter Bezanilla, Francisco Makowski, Lee Roux, Benoit TI Assembly/disassembly mechanisms of multidomain Src kinase revealed by X-ray solution scattering and LRET SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yang, Sichun; Blachowicz, Lydia; Sandter, Walter; Bezanilla, Francisco; Roux, Benoit] Univ Chicago, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Makowski, Lee] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM scyang@uchicago.edu; lmakowski@anl.gov; roux@uchicago.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 32-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904284 ER PT J AU Yano, J Sauer, KH Yachandra, VK AF Yano, Junko Sauer, Kenneth H. Yachandra, Vittal K. TI Water-splitting in nature: Structural and spectroscopic studies of the Mn4Ca cluster in photosystem II SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yano, Junko; Yachandra, Vittal K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sauer, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JYano@LBL.GOV; KHSauer@LBL.GOV; VKYachandra@LBL.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 8-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909274 ER PT J AU Yates, MA AF Yates, Mary Anne TI YCC 2-Countering terrorism through science SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yates, Mary Anne] Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Secur Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yates, Mary Anne] Argonne Natl Lab, Homeland Secur Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 2-YCC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861906812 ER PT J AU Ye, XH Wang, YR Hopkins, RC Adams, M Evans, BR Mielenz, J Zhang, YHP AF Ye, Xinhao Wang, Yiran Hopkins, Robert C. Adams, Mike Evans, Barbara R. Mielenz, Jonathan Zhang, Y-H Percival TI BIOT 160-Production of 12 H2 per glucose equivalent of cellulosic materials and water by in vitro synthetic biology approach SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ye, Xinhao; Wang, Yiran; Zhang, Y-H Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hopkins, Robert C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Adams, Mike] Univ George, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Anthens, GA 30602 USA. [Evans, Barbara R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mielenz, Jonathan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xhye@vt.edu; yiran@vt.edu; rch@uga.edu; evansb@ornl.gov; ypzhang@vt.edu RI Ye, Xinhao/J-7591-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 160-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901484 ER PT J AU Yeh, MF AF Yeh, Minfang TI Metal-loaded liquid scintillators for neutrino experiments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yeh, Minfang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM yeh@bnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 67-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904485 ER PT J AU Yin, HF Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Yin, Hongfeng Dai, Sheng Overbury, Steven H. TI CATL 46-Oxidative removal of organic surfactant and promotion of Au/support (support=SiO2, TiO2, carbon) by treatment with K2MnO4 and KMnO4 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yin, Hongfeng; Dai, Sheng; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM yinh@ornl.gov; dais@ornl.gov; overburysh@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 46-CATL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901810 ER PT J AU Yu, X Li, YG Mays, J Hong, KL AF Yu, Xiang Li, Yugang Mays, Jimmy Hong, Kunlun TI Synthesis and characterization of comb-like copolymers with thiophene backbone SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Yu, Xiang] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Yugang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Mays, Jimmy; Hong, Kunlun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ygli@ion.chem.utk.edu; mays@ion.chem.utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 427-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905843 ER PT J AU Zahariev, F Gordon, MS AF Zahariev, Federico Gordon, Mark S. TI TDDFT/EFP hybrid for excitations and nonlinear response properties in solvents SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zahariev, Federico; Gordon, Mark S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM federico@si.msg.chem.iastate.edu; mark@si.msg.chem.iastate.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 484-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861909065 ER PT J AU Zalupski, PR Martin, LR Nash, KL AF Zalupski, Peter R. Martin, Leigh R. Nash, Kenneth L. TI Toward understanding the thermodynamics of TALSPEAK process: Lactate medium SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Martin, Leigh R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Aqueous Separat & Radiochem Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Nash, Kenneth L.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM peter.zalupski@inl.gov; Leigh.Martin@inl.gov; knash@wsu.edu RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 101-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904484 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Ma, Z Jiao, J Yin, HF Yu, JH Dai, S AF Zhang, Jianan Ma, Zhen Jiao, Jian Yin, Hongfeng Yu, Jihong Dai, Sheng TI COLL 269-Surface modification of mesoporous silica materials by stepwise grafting of metal phosphates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Jianan] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Ma, Zhen; Jiao, Jian; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yu, Jihong] Jilin Univ, Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. EM jianan_z105@yahoo.com.cn; zmu@ornl.gov; jiaoj@ornl.gov; yinh@ornl.gov; jihong@mailjlu.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov RI yu, jihong/C-1381-2011; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI yu, jihong/0000-0003-1991-2942; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 269-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903005 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Yang, Y Xia, G Heldebrant, DJ King, DL Wang, Y AF Zhang, Liang Yang, Yong Xia, Gordon Heldebrant, David J. King, David L. Wang, Yong TI Investigation of Pt-Re interaction in Pt-Re/C catalysts for production of hydrogen and biofuels from bioliquid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Liang; Yang, Yong; King, David L.; Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Inst Interfacial Catalysis, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xia, Gordon; Heldebrant, David J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM liang.zhang@pnl.gov; yong.yang@pnl.gov; david.heldebrant@pnl.gov; david.king@pnl.gov; yongwang@pnl.gov RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 16-PETR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904652 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Guo, JC Lockard, JV Attenkofer, K Jennings, G Chen, LX AF Zhang, Xiaoyi Guo, Jianchang Lockard, Jenny V. Attenkofer, Klaus Jennings, Guy Chen, Lin X. TI COLL 352-Visualizing charge transfer and structural change at dye-nanoparticle interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyi; Attenkofer, Klaus; Jennings, Guy] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Guo, Jianchang] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chen, Lin X.] Northwestern Univ, Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM xyzhang@aps.anl.gov; lockard@anl.gov; klaus.attenkofer@anl.gov; lchen@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 352-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861903125 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZY Tian, GX Rao, LF AF Zhang, Zhiyong Tian, Guoxin Rao, Linfeng TI Computational study of covalency in trivalent actinide and lanthanide complexes with soft-donor ligands SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhang, Zhiyong] Stanford Univ, Stanford Nanofabricat Facil, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tian, Guoxin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rao, Linfeng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Actinide Chem Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zyzhang@stanford.edu; gtian@lbl.gov; LRao@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 198-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861904545 ER PT J AU Zhao, YN Trewyn, BG Slowing, II AF Zhao, Yannan Trewyn, Brian G. Slowing, Igor I. TI Mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based double drug delivery system for glucose responsive controlled release of insulin and cyclic AMP SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM ynzhao@iastate.edu; bgtrewyn@iastate.edu; islowing@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 295-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000576 ER PT J AU Zheng, F Heldebrant, DJ Karkamkar, A Linehan, JC Autrey, T AF Zheng, Feng Heldebrant, David J. Karkamkar, Abhi Linehan, John C. Autrey, Tom TI Large scale synthesis of ammonia borane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zheng, Feng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Heldebrant, David J.; Linehan, John C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Karkamkar, Abhi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Autrey, Tom] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM feng.zheng@pnl.gov; david.heldebrant@pnl.gov; abhi.karkamkar@pnl.gov; john.linehan@pnl.gov RI Zheng, Feng/C-7678-2009 OI Zheng, Feng/0000-0002-5427-1303 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 263-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861905162 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Takahashi, L Ahmed, M AF Zhou, Jia Takahashi, Lynelle Ahmed, Musahid TI ANYL 71-Imaging with mass spectrometry: A SIMS and VUV-photoionization study of ion-sputtered atoms and clusters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zhou, Jia] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Takahashi, Lynelle] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ahmed, Musahid] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jzhou2@lbl.gov; kazue@berkeley.edu; MAhmed@lbl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 71-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901028 ER PT J AU Zou, GF AF Zou, Guifu TI General chemical solution deposition to epitaxial growth of transition metal carbide (TiC, NbC, VC, etc.) films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zou, Guifu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gfzou@lanl.gov RI ZOU, GUIFU/C-8498-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 719-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000320 ER PT J AU Zou, RQ AF Zou, Ruqiang TI Synthesis and characterization of novel metal-organic frameworks for storage and separation application SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zou, Ruqiang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zou, Ruqiang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rzou@lanl.gov RI zou, ruqiang/N-8803-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 534-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HZ UT WOS:000207862000232 ER PT J AU Zygmunt, SA Brandt, DS Redfern, PC Zapol, P Curtiss, LA AF Zygmunt, S. A. Brandt, D. S. Redfern, Paul C. Zapol, Peter Curtiss, L. A. TI CATL 34-Spin-crossing enhancement of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on supported vanadium oxide catalysts SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Zygmunt, S. A.; Brandt, D. S.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Redfern, Paul C.; Zapol, Peter; Curtiss, L. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zapol, Peter; Curtiss, L. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM stan.zygmunt@valpo.edu; redfern@anl.gov; curtiss@anl.gov RI Zapol, Peter/G-1810-2012 OI Zapol, Peter/0000-0003-0570-9169 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 16 PY 2009 VL 238 MA 34-CATL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V16HY UT WOS:000207861901868 ER PT J AU Van Berkel, GJ Kertesz, V King, RC AF Van Berkel, Gary J. Kertesz, Vilmos King, Richard C. TI High-Throughput Mode Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Probe SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THIN TISSUE-SECTIONS; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS; IONIZATION SOURCE; SYSTEM; DEVICE; MALDI AB A simple and automated spot sampling operation mode for a liquid microjunction surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LMJ-SSP/ESI-MS) system is reported. Prior manual and automated spot sampling methods with this probe relied on a careful, relatively slow alignment of the probe and surface distance (<20 mu m spacing) to form the probe-to-surface liquid microjunction critical to successful surface sampling. Moreover, sampling multiple spots required retraction of the surface from the probe and a repeat of this careful probe-to-surface distance alignment at the next sampling position. With the method described here, the probe was not positioned as close to the surface, the exact probe-to-surface positioning was found to be less critical (spanning distances from about 100-300 mu m), and this distance was not altered during the sampling of an entire array of sample spots. With the probe positioned within the appropriate distance from the surface, the liquid microjunction was formed by letting the liquid from the sampling end of the probe extend out from the probe to the surface. This was accomplished by reducing the self-aspiration liquid flow rate of the probe to a value less than the volume flow rate pumped into the probe. When the self-aspiration rate of the probe was subsequently increased, analytes on the surface that dissolved at the liquid microjunction were aspirated back into the probe with the liquid that created the liquid microjunction and electrosprayed. Presented here are the basics of this new sampling mode, as well as data that illustrate the potential analytical capabilities of the device to conduct high-throughput quantitative analysis. C1 [Van Berkel, Gary J.; Kertesz, Vilmos] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [King, Richard C.] PharmaCadence, Hatfield, PA 19440 USA. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 FU Battelle Memorial Institute Technology Maturation Fund; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the Battelle Memorial Institute Technology Maturation Fund. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated for the United States Department of Energy by UT-Battelle, I.LC, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 16 BP 7096 EP 7101 DI 10.1021/ac901098d PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 482RW UT WOS:000268907400068 PM 19606841 ER PT J AU Karpievitch, Y Stanley, J Taverner, T Huang, J Adkins, JN Ansong, C Heffron, F Metz, TO Qian, WJ Yoon, H Smith, RD Dabney, AR AF Karpievitch, Yuliya Stanley, Jeff Taverner, Thomas Huang, Jianhua Adkins, Joshua N. Ansong, Charles Heffron, Fred Metz, Thomas O. Qian, Wei-Jun Yoon, Hyunjin Smith, Richard D. Dabney, Alan R. TI A statistical framework for protein quantitation in bottom-up MS-based proteomics SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DISCOVERY; MODEL AB Motivation: Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics requires protein-level estimates and associated confidence measures. Challenges include the presence of low quality or incorrectly identified peptides and informative missingness. Furthermore, models are required for rolling peptide-level information up to the protein level. Results: We present a statistical model that carefully accounts for informative missingness in peak intensities and allows unbiased, model-based, protein-level estimation and inference. The model is applicable to both label-based and label-free quantitation experiments. We also provide automated, model-based, algorithms for filtering of proteins and peptides as well as imputation of missing values. Two LC/MS datasets are used to illustrate the methods. In simulation studies, our methods are shown to achieve substantially more discoveries than standard alternatives. C1 [Karpievitch, Yuliya; Stanley, Jeff; Huang, Jianhua; Dabney, Alan R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Taverner, Thomas; Adkins, Joshua N.; Ansong, Charles; Metz, Thomas O.; Qian, Wei-Jun; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Heffron, Fred; Yoon, Hyunjin] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Dabney, AR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, 3143 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM adabney@stat.tamu.edu RI Dabney, Alan/C-1171-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; Metz, Tom/0000-0001-6049-3968 FU PNNL; NIH [R25-CA-90301, DK070146]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Y1-AI-4894-01] FX This work was sponsored by a subcontract from PNNL and by the NIH R25-CA-90301 training grant at TAMU. Additional support was provided by NIH grant DK070146 and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/DHHS through interagency agreement Y1-AI-4894-01). NR 25 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 16 BP 2028 EP 2034 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp362 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 481KJ UT WOS:000268808600005 PM 19535538 ER PT J AU Liu, WJ Hong, J Bevan, DR Zhang, YHP AF Liu, Wenjin Hong, Jiong Bevan, David R. Zhang, Y. -H. Percival TI Fast Identification of Thermostable Beta-Glucosidase Mutants on Cellobiose by a Novel Combinatorial Selection/Screening Approach SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE beta-glucosidase; cellulase; directed evolution; high-throughput screening; selection; thermostability ID DIRECTED EVOLUTION; BACILLUS-POLYMYXA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELLULASE; HYDROLYSIS; ENZYMES; SELECTION; SUBTILIS; GENES; DENATURATION AB Engineering costly cellulases on natural cellulosic substrates is of importance for emerging biomass-based biorefineries. Directed enzyme evolution is becoming a popular tool, but identification of desired mutants from a large mutant library remains challenging sometimes. In this work, we demonstrated a novel combinatorial selection/screening strategy for finding thermostable beta-glucosidase on its natural substrate-cellobiose. First, selection was conducted through complementation of beta-glucosidase for non-cellobiose-utilizing Escherichia coli so that only the cells expressing active beta-glucosidase can grow on a M9 synthetic medium with cellobiose as the sole carbon source (selection plate). Second, the clones on the selection plates were duplicated by using nylon membranes. After heat treatment, the nylon membranes were overlaid on M9/cellobiose screening plates so that remaining activities of thermostable beta-glucosidase mutants hydrolyzed cellobiose on the screening plates to glucose. Third, the growth of an indicator E. coli strain that call Utilize glucose but n ot cellobiose on the screening plates helped detect the thermostable beta-glucosidase mutants oil the selection plates. Several thermostable mutants were identified from a random mutant library of the Paenibacillus polymyxa beta-glucosidase. The most thermostable mutant A17S had an 11-fold increase in the half-life of thermoinactivation at 50 degrees C. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1087-1094. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Liu, Wenjin; Hong, Jiong; Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Hong, Jiong] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Life Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Bevan, David R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y. -H. Percival] BioEnergy Sci Ctr BESC, DOE, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu RI HONG, Jiong/N-1996-2013 OI HONG, Jiong/0000-0002-4592-7083 FU DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC); Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-08-1-0145] FX This work was supported mainly by the DOE BioEnergy Science Center (BESC) and partially by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-08-1-0145) as well as the DuPont Young professor award NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 BP 1087 EP 1094 DI 10.1002/bit.22340 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 474EC UT WOS:000268264300005 PM 19388085 ER PT J AU Chen, A Cuevas, I Kenny, PA Miyake, H Mace, K Ghajar, C Boudreau, A Bissell, M Boudreau, N AF Chen, Amy Cuevas, Ileana Kenny, Paraic A. Miyake, Hiroshi Mace, Kimberley Ghajar, Cyrus Boudreau, Aaron Bissell, Mina Boudreau, Nancy TI Endothelial Cell Migration and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Are the Result of Loss of Breast Tissue Polarity SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELLS; 3-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE; PHENOTYPIC REVERSION; SIGNALING PATHWAYS; ANGIOGENIC SWITCH; CANCER-CELLS; TUMOR-CELLS; IN-VIVO; HYPOXIA; VEGF AB Recruiting a new blood supply is a rate-limiting step in tumor progression. In a three-dimensional model of breast carcinogenesis, disorganized, proliferative transformed breast epithelial cells express significantly higher expression of angiogenic genes compared with their polarized, growth-arrested nonmalignant counterparts. Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by malignant cells enhanced recruitment of endothelial cells (EC) in heterotypic cocultures. Significantly, phenotypic reversion of malignant cells via reexpression of HoxD10, which is lost in malignant progression, significantly attenuated VEGF expression in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha-independent fashion and reduced EC migration. This was due primarily to restoring polarity: forced proliferation of polarized, nonmalignant cells did not induce VEGF expression and EC recruitment, whereas disrupting the architecture of growth-arrested, reverted cells did. These data show that disrupting cytostructure activates the angiogenic switch even in the absence of proliferation and/or hypoxia and restoring organization of malignant clusters reduces VEGF expression and EC activation to levels found in quiescent nonmalignant epithelium. These data confirm the importance of tissue architecture and polarity in malignant progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6721-9] C1 [Chen, Amy; Cuevas, Ileana; Miyake, Hiroshi; Mace, Kimberley; Boudreau, Nancy] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, Surg Res Lab, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Kenny, Paraic A.; Ghajar, Cyrus; Boudreau, Aaron; Bissell, Mina] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kenny, Paraic A.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Kenny, Paraic A.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Albert Einstein Canc Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Boudreau, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Surg, Surg Res Lab, Box 1302, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM nancyjb@itsa.ucsf.edu FU California Breast Cancer Research program Award [101B-0157]; U.S. Department of Energy; OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; Distinguished Fellow Award; Low Dose Radiation Program; Office of Health and Environmental Research, Health Effects Division [03-76SF00098]; National Cancer Institute [R01CA064786, R01CA057621, U54CA126552, U54CA112970]; U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH0810736, W81XWH0510338] FX California Breast Cancer Research program Award 101B-0157 (N. Boudreau); U.S. Department of Energy. OBER Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-AC02-05CH1123), a Distinguished Fellow Award, and Low Dose Radiation Program and the Office of Health and Environmental Research, Health Effects Division (03-76SF00098; M. Bissell); National Cancer Institute awards R01CA064786, R01CA057621, U54CA126552, and U54CA112970; and U.S. Department of Defense grants W81XWH0810736 and W81XWH0510338. NR 49 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 69 IS 16 BP 6721 EP 6729 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4069 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 484RI UT WOS:000269064600044 PM 19654314 ER PT J AU Lee, JY Lee, DW Lee, KY Wang, Y AF Lee, Joon Yeob Lee, Dae-Won Lee, Kwan-Young Wang, Yong TI Cr-free Fe-based metal oxide catalysts for high temperature water gas shift reaction of fuel processor using LPG SO CATALYSIS TODAY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Catalysis for Hydrogen Energy Production and Utilization CY JUL 20-22, 2008 CL Gyeongju, SOUTH KOREA DE WGSR; HTS; LPG; Cr-free catalyst; Fuel processor ID IRON-BASED CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION AB The goal of this study was to identify the most suitable chromium-free iron-based catalysts for the HTS (high temperature shift) reaction of a fuel processor using LPG. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) in the commercial HTS catalyst has been regarded as hazardous material. We selected Ni and Co as the substitution for chromium in the Fe-based HTS catalyst and investigated the HTS activities of these Cr-free catalysts at LPG reformate condition. Cr-free Fe-based catalysts which contain Ni, Zn, or Co instead of Cr were prepared by coprecipitation method and the performance of the catalysts in HTS was evaluated under gas mixture conditions (42% H(2), 10% CO, 37% H(2)O, 8% CO(2), and 3% CH(4); R (reduction factor): about 1.2) similar to the gases from steam reforming of LPG (100% conversion at steam/carbon ratio = 3), which is higher than R (under 1) of typically studied LNG reformate condition. Among the prepared Cr-free Fe-based catalysts, the 5 wt%-Co/Fe/20 wt%-Ni and 5 wt%-Zn/Fe/20 wt%-Ni catalysts showed good catalytic activity under this reaction condition simulating LPG reformate gas. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Joon Yeob; Lee, Kwan-Young] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Dae-Won] Korea Univ, Res Inst Clean Chem Engn Syst, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Wang, Yong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lee, KY (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, 5-1 Anam Dong, Seoul 136701, South Korea. EM kylee@korea.ac.kr RI Wang, Yong/C-2344-2013; Lee, Kwan-Young/F-7603-2013 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5861 J9 CATAL TODAY JI Catal. Today PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 146 IS 1-2 BP 260 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.01.041 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 492LN UT WOS:000269659000042 ER PT J AU Fellman, JB Miller, MP Cory, RM D'Amore, DV White, D AF Fellman, Jason B. Miller, Mathew P. Cory, Rose M. D'Amore, David V. White, Dan TI Characterizing Dissolved Organic Matter Using PARAFAC Modeling of Fluorescence Spectroscopy: A Comparison of Two Models SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORADO FRONT RANGE; NATURAL-WATERS; WETLAND; TERRESTRIAL; TUTORIAL; MARINE; FOREST; DOC AB We evaluated whether fitting fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) to a previously validated PARAFAC model is an acceptable alternative to building an original model. To do this, we built a 10-component model using 307 EEMs collected from southeast Alaskan soil and streamwater. All 307 EEMs were then fit to the existing model (CM) presented in Cory and McKnight (Environ. Sci. Technol, 2005, 39, 8142-8149), The first approach for evaluating whether the EEMs were fit well to the CM model was an evaluation of the residual EEMs, and we found 22 EEMs were fit poorly by the CM model. Our second measure for verifying whether EEMs were fit well to the CM model was a comparison of correlations between the percent contribution of PARAFAC components and DOM measurements (e.g., dissolved nutrient concentrations), and we found no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the two models. These results support the approach of fitting EEMs to an existing model when DOM is collected from similar environments, which can potentially reduce some of the problems when building an original PARAFAC model. However, it is important to recognize that some of the sensitivity or ecological interpretative power may be lost when fitting EEMs to an existing model. C1 [Fellman, Jason B.] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Miller, Mathew P.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cory, Rose M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [D'Amore, David V.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [White, Dan] Univ Alaska, Inst No Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Fellman, JB (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM fsjbf6@uaf.edu RI Cory, Rose/C-4198-2016; OI Cory, Rose/0000-0001-9867-7084; Miller, Matthew/0000-0002-2537-1823 NR 22 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 16 BP 6228 EP 6234 DI 10.1021/es900143g PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 482RZ UT WOS:000268907700023 PM 19746718 ER PT J AU Ahn, K Pecharsky, VK Gischneidner, KA AF Ahn, Kyunghan Pecharsky, V. K. Gischneidner, K. A., Jr. TI The magnetothermal behavior of mixed-valence Eu3O4 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-ORDER ZEEMAN TERMS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETIC-SUSCEPTIBILITIES; MAGNETOCALORIC MATERIALS; RARE-EARTH; REFRIGERATION; FLUCTUATION; TRANSITION; ENTROPY; FIELD AB The mixed-valence compound Eu3O4 was prepared by heating an equimolar mixture of EuO and Eu2O3 at 1800 degrees C for 30 h in a sealed tungsten crucible. Room temperature x-ray powder diffraction measurements showed that Eu3O4 is single phase. Magnetic measurements on polycrystalline Eu3O4 are in good agreement with the results reported previously. The heat capacity of Eu3O4 from similar to 2 to 300 K was not reported in the past. The magnetocaloric effect in Eu3O4 was measured for different applied magnetic fields. The magnetic entropy change (-Delta S-mag) calculated from heat capacity data of Eu3O4 is approximately 12.7 J/kg K at 6.5 K for a magnetic field change (Delta B) of 5 T. The adiabatic temperature change (Delta T-ad) in Eu3O4 at 7 K is about 7.0 K for a Delta B of 5 T. Also, the magnetic entropy change (-Delta S-mag) calculated from magnetization data in Eu3O4 is approximately 13.6 J/kg K at 6.3 K for a magnetic field change (Delta B) of 5 T, which is slightly higher than that from the heat capacity data, but is within experimental error. A metamagnetic transition was observed between 0.3 and 0.5 T, however, some antiferromagnetic correlations appear to exist in the magnetically induced ferromagnetic phase at B > 3 T. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3204662] C1 [Ahn, Kyunghan; Pecharsky, V. K.; Gischneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ahn, Kyunghan; Pecharsky, V. K.; Gischneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ahn, K (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Ahn, Kyunghan/0000-0002-7806-8043 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We thank Dr. A.O. Tsokol for help with some of the experiments. This work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 with Iowa State University. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 043918 DI 10.1063/1.3204662 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800076 ER PT J AU Edmondson, PD Riley, DJ Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE AF Edmondson, P. D. Riley, D. J. Birtcher, R. C. Donnelly, S. E. TI Amorphization of crystalline Si due to heavy and light ion irradiation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ISOLATED AMORPHOUS ZONES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SILICON; DAMAGE; SEMICONDUCTORS; DEFECT; GE; IMPLANTATION; BOMBARDMENT AB The formation of amorphous silicon in crystalline silicon by bombardment with light (Si) and heavy (Xe) ions has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy with in situ ion irradiation. Experiments have been carried out at room temperature and low temperature (50 K) and the results are compared to a simple numerical model for amorphization. The results indicate that the amorphization mechanisms for both irradiations are heterogeneous in nature and that numerous overlaps of the collision cascade are generally required to render the crystal amorphous. Following from this, the nature of the material within the confines of collision cascades will be discussed and it will be shown that the individual cascade volume is not necessarily amorphous as previously described in the scientific literature but contains varying degrees of damage depending on the energy deposited within the cascade. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3195081] C1 [Edmondson, P. D.; Riley, D. J.; Donnelly, S. E.] Univ Salford, Inst Mat Res, Manchester M5 4WT, Lancs, England. [Birtcher, R. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Edmondson, PD (reprint author), Univ Salford, Inst Mat Res, Manchester M5 4WT, Lancs, England. EM p.d.edmondson@salford.ac.uk RI Edmondson, Philip/G-5371-2011; OI Donnelly, Stephen/0000-0002-9749-5550; Edmondson, Philip/0000-0001-8990-0870 FU U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council FX Two of the authors (P.D.E. and S.E.D.) would like to thank Argonne National Laboratory for funding during extended stays at Argonne. P.D.E. and D.J.R. would also like to thank the U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for funding. The authors would also like to give special thanks to K.J. Abrams, A.S. Gandy, and M.-F. Beaufort for the provision of TEM images, L. Pelaz and L.A. Marques for providing the atomic configuration files for the TEM image simulations, and W. Weber for useful discussions. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 043505 DI 10.1063/1.3195081 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800020 ER PT J AU Jensen, BJ Holtkamp, DB Rigg, PA Dolan, DH AF Jensen, B. J. Holtkamp, D. B. Rigg, P. A. Dolan, D. H. TI Accuracy limits and window corrections for photon Doppler velocimetry (vol 101, 013523, 2007) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Jensen, B. J.; Holtkamp, D. B.; Rigg, P. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dolan, D. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jensen, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bjjensen@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 049901 DI 10.1063/1.3213362 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800134 ER PT J AU Kini, RN Bhusal, L Ptak, AJ France, R Mascarenhas, A AF Kini, R. N. Bhusal, L. Ptak, A. J. France, R. Mascarenhas, A. TI Electron Hall mobility in GaAsBi SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP; GAAS1-XBIX; NITROGEN; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We present measurements of the electron Hall mobility in n-type GaAs(1-x)Bi(x) epilayers. We observed no significant degradation in the electron mobility with Bi incorporation in GaAs, up to a concentration of 1.2%. At higher Bi concentration (>= 1.6%) some degradation of the electron mobility was observed, although there is no apparent trend. Temperature dependent Hall measurements of the electron mobility suggest neutral impurity scattering to be the dominant scattering mechanism. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3204670] C1 [Kini, R. N.; Bhusal, L.; Ptak, A. J.; France, R.; Mascarenhas, A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kini, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rajeev.kini@nrel.gov RI Kini, Rajeev/D-2342-2009 OI Kini, Rajeev/0000-0002-3305-9346 FU DOE/SC/BES/DMS [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Michelle Young for processing the samples. This work was supported by the DOE/SC/BES/DMS under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 18 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 043705 DI 10.1063/1.3204670 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800046 ER PT J AU Liu, W Liu, Q Whitaker, ML Zhao, YS Li, BS AF Liu, Wei Liu, Qiong Whitaker, Matthew L. Zhao, Yusheng Li, Baosheng TI Experimental and theoretical studies on the elasticity of molybdenum to 12 GPa SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PRESSURE; MO; COMPRESSION; CONSTANTS; ALLOYS; METALS; CR AB Experiments have been conducted to measure compressional (V-P) and shear wave (V-S) velocities as well as unit-cell volumes (densities) of molybdenum to 12.0 GPa at room temperature using ultrasonic interferometry in conjunction with synchrotron x-radiation. Both V-P and V-S as well as the adiabatic bulk (K-S) and shear (G) moduli exhibit monotonic increase with increasing pressure. A finite strain equation of state analysis of the directly measured velocities and densities yields K-S0 =260.7(5) GPa, G(0)=125.1(2) GPa, K-S0'=4.7(1), and G(0)'=1.5(1) for the elastic bulk and shear moduli and their pressure derivatives at ambient conditions. Complimentary to the experimental data, V-P and V-S as well as the elastic bulk and shear moduli were also computed using density functional theory (DFT) at pressures comparable to the current experiment. Comparing with experimental results, the velocities and elastic moduli from DFT calculations exhibit close agreement with the current experimental data both in their values as well as in their pressure dependence. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3197135] C1 [Liu, Wei; Liu, Qiong; Whitaker, Matthew L.; Li, Baosheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Whitaker, Matthew L.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Mineral Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM weiliu3@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Li, Baosheng/C-1813-2013; Whitaker, Matthew/C-3225-2008 OI Whitaker, Matthew/0000-0002-3627-6856 FU DoE/NNSA [DEFG5206NA2621]; U.S. Department of Energy; Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-AC02-76CH00016]; COMPRES [X-17B2] FX This research is supported by DoE/NNSA (Contract No. DEFG5206NA2621 to B.L.). We thank Michael Vaughan and Liping Wang for technical support at the X17B2 beamline. These experiments were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CH00016. X-17B2 is supported by COMPRES. Mineral Physics Institute Publication No. 478. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 043506 DI 10.1063/1.3197135 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800021 ER PT J AU Nazaretski, E Obukhov, Y Martin, I Pelekhov, DV Cha, KC Akhadov, EA Hammel, PC Movshovich, R AF Nazaretski, E. Obukhov, Yu. Martin, I. Pelekhov, D. V. Cha, K. C. Akhadov, E. A. Hammel, P. C. Movshovich, R. TI Localized ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy in Permalloy-cobalt films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB We report ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy (FMRFM) experiments on a juxtaposed continuous films of Permalloy and cobalt. Our studies demonstrate the capability of FMRFM to perform local spectroscopy of different ferromagnetic materials. Theoretical analysis of the uniform resonance mode near the edge of the film agrees quantitatively with experimental data. Our experiments demonstrate the micron scale lateral resolution in determining local magnetic properties in continuous ferromagnetic samples. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3204029] C1 [Nazaretski, E.; Martin, I.; Cha, K. C.; Akhadov, E. A.; Movshovich, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Obukhov, Yu.; Pelekhov, D. V.; Hammel, P. C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Nazaretski, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM enazaretski@bnl.gov RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER46054]; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Los Alamos; Sandia National Laboratories FX The work performed at Los Alamos was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies at Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. The work at OSU was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46054. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 046103 DI 10.1063/1.3204029 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800130 ER PT J AU Runkle, RC Smith, LE Peurrung, AJ AF Runkle, Robert C. Smith, L. Eric Peurrung, Anthony J. TI The photon haystack and emerging radiation detection technology SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SENSITIVE CDZNTE DETECTOR; SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL; POINT-SOURCE DETECTION; RAY IMAGING-SYSTEM; GAMMA-RAY; PORTAL MONITORS; CODED-APERTURE; SAFEGUARDS APPLICATIONS; NAI(TL) SCINTILLATORS; MULTICHANNEL SPECTRA AB The resources devoted to interdicting special nuclear materials have increased considerably over the last several years in step with growing efforts to counter nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism. This changing landscape has led to a large amount of research and development that aims to improve the effectiveness of technology now deployed worldwide. Interdicting special nuclear materials is most commonly addressed by detecting and characterizing emitted gamma rays, but modest signature emissions can be obscured by attenuating material and must be differentiated from large and highly variable environmental background emissions. It is a daunting technical challenge to identify special nuclear materials via gamma-ray detection, but a host of new detection technologies is now emerging. This challenge motivates our review of special nuclear material signatures, the physics of detection approaches, emerging technologies, and performance metrics. The use of benchmark gamma-ray sources aids our discussion. (C) 2009 American Institute Of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3207769] C1 [Runkle, Robert C.; Smith, L. Eric; Peurrung, Anthony J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Runkle, RC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.runkle@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [PNNL-SA-63476]; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The authors acknowledge David Jordan, Cari Seifert, and Brian Milbrath for their thorough review of this manuscript. Many thanks go to Eric Ashbaker, Scott Kiff, and Dan Sidor for their assistance with the simulations. The composition of this manuscript was funded by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and is report number PNNL-SA-63476. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 105 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 041101 DI 10.1063/1.3207769 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800001 ER PT J AU Seo, H Bellenger, F Chung, KB Houssa, M Meuris, M Heyns, M Lucovsky, G AF Seo, H. Bellenger, F. Chung, K. B. Houssa, M. Meuris, M. Heyns, M. Lucovsky, G. TI Extrinsic interface formation of HfO2 and Al2O3/GeOx gate stacks on Ge (100) substrates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PASSIVATION; DIELECTRICS; DEFECTS; SURFACE AB The extrinsic interfaces present at the HfO2/GeOx/Ge and Al2O3/GeOx/Ge gate stacks are investigated. The effective trapped charge density, estimated from hysteresis in capacitance-voltage characteristics, is higher for HfO2 than for Al2O3, implying qualitatively different charge trapping sources in each dielectric. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and medium energy ion scattering measurements reveal that HfO2 deposition induces the formation of a thicker germanate (intermixed) layer at the HfO2/GeOx interface, where nonstoichiometric Ge-rich GeOx having significantly low bandgap (similar to 1.8 eV) is present. In contrast, Al2O3 deposition leads to an abrupt and thinner O-rich GeOx interfacial layer without Ge-rich GeOx phase. The proposed band alignment indicates that Ge-rich GeOx layer at HfO2/GeOx arises a significant band potential well trapping, while O-rich GeOx layer in Al2O3/GeOx is responsible for a relatively lower charge trapping at band potential well. The combined results strongly suggest that the control of the GeOx interface layers is crucial to reduce the high charge trapping at high-kappa/GeOx/Ge gate stacks. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3204026] C1 [Seo, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bellenger, F.; Meuris, M.; Heyns, M.] IMEC, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Chung, K. B.; Lucovsky, G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Houssa, M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Phys & Astron, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Seo, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lucovsky@ncsu.edu RI Houssa, Michel/C-9909-2011 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 4 AR 044909 DI 10.1063/1.3204026 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 497SX UT WOS:000270083800122 ER PT J AU Tang, YJJ Yi, S Zhuang, WQ Zinder, SH Keasling, JD Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Tang, Yinjie J. Yi, Shan Zhuang, Wei-Qin Zinder, Stephen H. Keasling, Jay D. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI Investigation of Carbon Metabolism in "Dehalococcoides ethenogenes" Strain 195 by Use of Isotopomer and Transcriptomic Analyses SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VINYL-CHLORIDE REDUCTASE; FLUX ANALYSIS; ISOLEUCINE BIOSYNTHESIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; GENOME SEQUENCE; ETHENE; DEHALOGENASE; BACTERIUM; TETRACHLOROETHENE; TRICHLOROETHENE AB Members of the genus "Dehalococcoides" are the only known microorganisms that can completely dechlorinate tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene to the innocuous end product, ethene. This study examines the central metabolism in "Dehalococcoides ethenogenes" strain 195 via (13)C-labeled tracer experiments. Supported by the genome annotation and the transcript profile, isotopomer analysis of key metabolites clarifies ambiguities in the genome annotation and identifies an unusual biosynthetic pathway in strain 195. First, the (13)C-labeling studies revealed that strain 195 contains complete amino acid biosynthesis pathways, even though current genome annotation suggests that several of these pathways are incomplete. Second, the tricarboxylic acid cycle of strain 195 is confirmed to be branched, and the Wood-Ljungdahl carbon fixation pathway is shown to not be functionally active under our experimental conditions; rather, CO(2) is assimilated via two reactions, conversion of acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl coenzyme A [acetyl-CoA]) to pyruvate catalyzed by pyruvate synthase (DET0724-0727) and pyruvate conversion to oxaloacetate via pyruvate carboxylase (DET0119-0120). Third, the (13)C-labeling studies also suggested that isoleucine is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and pyruvate via citramalate synthase (CimA, EC 2.3.1.182), rather than from the common pathway via threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19). Finally, evidence is presented that strain 195 may contain an undocumented citrate synthase (>95% Re-type stereospecific), i.e., a novel Re-citrate synthase that is apparently different from the one recently reported in Clostridium kluyveri. C1 [Yi, Shan; Zhuang, Wei-Qin; Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tang, Yinjie J.] Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zinder, Stephen H.] Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 760 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alvarez@ce.berkeley.edu RI Yi, Shan/I-4589-2012; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; ZHUANG, WEI-QIN/A-5235-2014 OI Yi, Shan/0000-0003-1371-0418; Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; ZHUANG, WEI-QIN/0000-0001-9600-5225 FU NIEHS [ES04705]; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program at U.S. Department of Energy [ER-1587]; Nanyang Technological University of Singapore; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was funded by the Superfund Basic Research Program under grant NIEHS ES04705, the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program at U.S. Department of Energy (project ER-1587), the Nanyang Technological University of Singapore (L.A.C.), the Joint BioEnergy Institute through a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy to J.D.K., and the I-CARES (International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability) at Washington University (Y.J.T.). NR 42 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 16 BP 5224 EP 5231 DI 10.1128/JB.00085-09 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 475UJ UT WOS:000268386600021 PM 19525347 ER PT J AU Harris, DR Pollock, SV Wood, EA Goiffon, RJ Klingele, AJ Cabot, EL Schackwitz, W Martin, J Eggington, J Durfee, TJ Middle, CM Norton, JE Popelars, MC Li, H Klugman, SA Hamilton, LL Bane, LB Pennacchio, LA Albert, TJ Perna, NT Cox, MM Battista, JR AF Harris, Dennis R. Pollock, Steve V. Wood, Elizabeth A. Goiffon, Reece J. Klingele, Audrey J. Cabot, Eric L. Schackwitz, Wendy Martin, Joel Eggington, Julie Durfee, Timothy J. Middle, Christina M. Norton, Jason E. Popelars, Michael C. Li, Hao Klugman, Sarit A. Hamilton, Lindsay L. Bane, Lukas B. Pennacchio, Len A. Albert, Thomas J. Perna, Nicole T. Cox, Michael M. Battista, John R. TI Directed Evolution of Ionizing Radiation Resistance in Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STALLED REPLICATION FORKS; DEINOCOCCUS-RADIODURANS; DNA-POLYMERASES; REPAIR; RADIORESISTANCE; BACTERIA; PROTEIN; ADAPTATION; SEQUENCE; ELEMENT AB We have generated extreme ionizing radiation resistance in a relatively sensitive bacterial species, Escherichia coli, by directed evolution. Four populations of Escherichia coli K-12 were derived independently from strain MG1655, with each specifically adapted to survive exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation. D(37) values for strains isolated from two of the populations approached that exhibited by Deinococcus radiodurans. Complete genomic sequencing was carried out on nine purified strains derived from these populations. Clear mutational patterns were observed that both pointed to key underlying mechanisms and guided further characterization of the strains. In these evolved populations, passive genomic protection is not in evidence. Instead, enhanced recombinational DNA repair makes a prominent but probably not exclusive contribution to genome reconstitution. Multiple genes, multiple alleles of some genes, multiple mechanisms, and multiple evolutionary pathways all play a role in the evolutionary acquisition of extreme radiation resistance. Several mutations in the recA gene and a deletion of the e14 prophage both demonstrably contribute to and partially explain the new phenotype. Mutations in additional components of the bacterial recombinational repair system and the replication restart primosome are also prominent, as are mutations in genes involved in cell division, protein turnover, and glutamate transport. At least some evolutionary pathways to extreme radiation resistance are constrained by the temporally ordered appearance of specific alleles. C1 [Harris, Dennis R.; Wood, Elizabeth A.; Goiffon, Reece J.; Klingele, Audrey J.; Eggington, Julie; Popelars, Michael C.; Li, Hao; Klugman, Sarit A.; Hamilton, Lindsay L.; Bane, Lukas B.; Cox, Michael M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pollock, Steve V.; Battista, John R.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Pollock, Steve V.; Battista, John R.] A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Cabot, Eric L.; Perna, Nicole T.] Univ Wisconsin, Genome Ctr, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Schackwitz, Wendy; Martin, Joel; Pennacchio, Len A.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Durfee, Timothy J.] DNASTAR Inc, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Middle, Christina M.; Norton, Jason E.; Albert, Thomas J.] Roche NimbleGen Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Perna, Nicole T.] Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Cox, MM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 433 Babcock Dr, Madison, WI 53575 USA. EM cox@biochem.wisc.edu; jbattis@lsu.edu RI Goiffon, Reece/C-9686-2013 OI Goiffon, Reece/0000-0003-1622-7253 FU National Institutes of Health [GM067085]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG0201ER63151, CSP2009.796601] FX This work was supported by grant GM067085 from the National Institutes of Health to M.M.C. and by U.S. Department of Energy grants DEFG0201ER63151 and CSP2009.796601 to J.R.B. NR 56 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 191 IS 16 BP 5240 EP 5252 DI 10.1128/JB.00502-09 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 475UJ UT WOS:000268386600023 PM 19502398 ER PT J AU Li, MJ Wu, ZL Ma, Z Schwartz, V Mullins, DR Dai, S Overbury, SH AF Li, Meijun Wu, Zili Ma, Zhen Schwartz, Viviane Mullins, David R. Dai, Sheng Overbury, Steven H. TI CO oxidation on Au/FePO4 catalyst: Reaction pathways and nature of Au sites SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Au catalyst; FePO4; Iron phosphate; CO adsorption; Catalytic CO oxidation; Redox; FTIR; Raman spectroscopy; XANES; Mechanism ID IRON PHOSPHATE CATALYSTS; SUPPORTED GOLD CATALYSTS; GAS SHIFT REACTION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ISOBUTYRIC ACID; AU/TIO2 CATALYSTS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; PARTICLE-SIZE AB In situ FTIR spectroscopy coupled with downstream mass spectrometry has been used to clarify the pathways for room temperature (rt) CO oxidation over iron phosphate-supported Au catalyst. The charge state of Au on Au/FePO4 after calcination, reduction, or under reaction conditions was assessed by both FTIR spectroscopy (CO probing) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Results from both approaches show that cationic gold species dominate the surface after pretreatment in O-2 at 200 degrees C. A portion of the cationic gold on Au/FePO4 can be reduced by the initial CO adsorption at rt, and subsequently repeated CO exposures do not reduce the remaining cationic Au. FIR and Raman results from cycled CO reduction and O-2 reoxidation of Au/FePO4 indicate that there are active structural oxygen species on the surface of Au/FePO4 that can be consumed by CO and then replenished by gaseous O-2 at rt. Au activates both CO and O-2 so that the FePO4 Support can undergo reduction (by CO) and reoxidation (by O-2) cycles. The results of CO oxidation with labeled O-18(2) suggest the operation of two parallel reaction pathways at rt: (1) a redox pathway in which FePO4 supplies active oxygen and (2) a direct pathway on metallic Au, via either Langmuir-Hinshelwood or Eley-Rideal mechanism, in which gas phase O-2 provides the active oxygen. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Meijun; Wu, Zili; Ma, Zhen; Schwartz, Viviane; Mullins, David R.; Dai, Sheng; Overbury, Steven H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Overbury, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM overburysh@ornl.gov RI Ma, Zhen/F-1348-2010; Wu, Zili/F-5905-2012; Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Ma, Zhen/0000-0002-2391-4943; Wu, Zili/0000-0002-4468-3240; Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-05ER15688]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX This work was sponsored by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. A portion of this research was done using facilities at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences. XANES measurements were performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brook-haven National Laboratory supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, and using facilities of the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium, supported by US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15688. NR 67 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 78 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 266 IS 1 BP 98 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2009.05.019 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 488CN UT WOS:000269326800012 ER PT J AU Baker, AH Jessup, ER Kolev, TV AF Baker, A. H. Jessup, E. R. Kolev, Tz. V. TI A simple strategy for varying the restart parameter in GMRES(m) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE GMRES; Iterative methods; Krylov subspace; Restart parameter ID NONSYMMETRIC LINEAR-SYSTEMS; CONVERGENCE; ALGORITHM AB When solving a system of linear equations with the restarted GM RES method, a fixed restart parameter is typically chosen. We present numerical experiments that demonstrate the beneficial effects of changing the value of the restart parameter in each restart cycle on the total time to solution. We propose a simple strategy for varying the restart parameter and provide some heuristic explanations for its effectiveness based on analysis of the symmetric case. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Baker, A. H.; Kolev, Tz. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Jessup, E. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Baker, AH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Box 808 L-560, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM abaker@llnl.gov; jessup@cs.colorado.edu; tzanio@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0427 J9 J COMPUT APPL MATH JI J. Comput. Appl. Math. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 230 IS 2 BP 751 EP 761 DI 10.1016/j.cam.2009.01.009 PG 11 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 465ED UT WOS:000267563800038 ER PT J AU Matsui, H Koike, M Kondo, Y Takegawa, N Kita, K Miyazaki, Y Hu, M Chang, SY Blake, DR Fast, JD Zaveri, RA Streets, DG Zhang, Q Zhu, T AF Matsui, H. Koike, M. Kondo, Y. Takegawa, N. Kita, K. Miyazaki, Y. Hu, M. Chang, S. -Y. Blake, D. R. Fast, J. D. Zaveri, R. A. Streets, D. G. Zhang, Q. Zhu, T. TI Spatial and temporal variations of aerosols around Beijing in summer 2006: Model evaluation and source apportionment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; PERFORMANCE; EMISSIONS; EPISODE; CHINA; SIMULATION; PHOTOLYSIS; ALGORITHM; CHEMISTRY; POLLUTION AB Regional aerosol model calculations were made using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) and WRF-chem models to study spatial and temporal variations of aerosols around Beijing, China, in the summer of 2006, when the Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Region 2006 (CAREBeijing) intensive campaign was conducted. Model calculations captured temporal variations of primary ( such as elemental carbon (EC)) and secondary ( such as sulfate) aerosols observed in and around Beijing. The spatial distributions of aerosol optical depth observed by the MODIS satellite sensors were also reproduced over northeast China. Model calculations showed distinct differences in spatial distributions between primary and secondary aerosols in association with synoptic-scale meteorology. Secondary aerosols increased in air around Beijing on a scale of about 1000 x 1000 km(2) under an anticyclonic pressure system. This air mass was transported northward from the high anthropogenic emission area extending south of Beijing with continuous photochemical production. Subsequent cold front passage brought clean air from the north, and polluted air around Beijing was swept to the south of Beijing. This cycle was repeated about once a week and was found to be responsible for observed enhancements/reductions of aerosols at the intensive measurement sites. In contrast to secondary aerosols, the spatial distributions of primary aerosols (EC) reflected those of emissions, resulting in only slight variability despite the changes in synoptic-scale meteorology. In accordance with these results, source apportionment simulations revealed that primary aerosols around Beijing were controlled by emissions within 100 km around Beijing within the preceding 24 h, while emissions as far as 500 km and within the preceding 3 days were found to affect secondary aerosols. C1 [Matsui, H.; Kondo, Y.; Takegawa, N.; Miyazaki, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. [Matsui, H.; Koike, M.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [Kita, K.] Ibaraki Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Mito, Ibaraki 3108512, Japan. [Hu, M.; Zhu, T.] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Control, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Chang, S. -Y.] Chung Shan Med Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Taichung 40201, Taiwan. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Fast, J. D.; Zaveri, R. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Streets, D. G.; Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Matsui, H (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Meguro Ku, 4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. EM matsui@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; koike@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; y.kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; takegawa@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; kita@mx.ibaraki.ac.jp; yuzom@pop.lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp; minhu@pku.edu.cn; sychang@csmu.edu.tw; drblake@uci.edu; jerome.fast@pnl.gov; rahul.zaveri@pnl.gov; dstreets@anl.gov; zhangq@anl.gov; tzhu@pku.edu.cn RI Koike, Makoto/F-4366-2011; ZHU, TONG/H-6501-2011; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Miyazaki, Yuzo/C-6920-2010; OI Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology ( MEXT) in Japan; Alliance for Global Sustainability ( AGS) project, University of Tokyo; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project FX We are indebted to all of the CAREBeijing2006 campaign participants for their cooperation and support. Special thanks are due to the staff and students from the Peking University for leading and carrying out this project. We would like to thankW. I. Gustafson, Jr. at PNNL for providing useful comments onWRF- chem model calculations. This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) in Japan. This study was also supported in part by the Alliance for Global Sustainability ( AGS) project, University of Tokyo. This study was conducted as a part of the Megacities Asia Task under the framework of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project. NR 50 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00G13 DI 10.1029/2008JD010906 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 484FC UT WOS:000269028100001 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Gong, DY Fan, JW Leung, LR Bennartz, R Chen, DL Wang, WG AF Qian, Yun Gong, Daoyi Fan, Jiwen Leung, L. Ruby Bennartz, Ralf Chen, Deliang Wang, Weiguo TI Heavy pollution suppresses light rain in China: Observations and modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; CLIMATE-CHEMISTRY/AEROSOL MODEL; REGIONAL CLIMATE; EAST-ASIA; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; SUMMER RAINFALL; AIR-POLLUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS AB Long-term observational data reveal that both the frequency and amount of light rain have decreased in eastern China (EC) for 1956-2005 with high spatial coherency. This is different from the trend of total rainfall observed in EC, which decreases in northern EC and increases in southern EC. To examine the cause of the light rain trends, we analyzed the long-term variability of atmospheric water vapor and its correlation with light rain events. Results show very weak relationships between large-scale moisture transport and light rain in EC. Because of human activities, pollutant emission has increased dramatically in China for the last few decades, leading to a significant reduction in visibility between 1960 and 2000. Cloud-resolving model simulations over EC show that aerosols corresponding to polluted conditions can significantly increase the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and reduce droplet sizes compared to pristine conditions. This can lead to a significant decline in raindrop concentration and delay raindrop formation because smaller cloud droplets are less efficient in the collision and coalescence processes. Together with weaker convection, the precipitation frequency and amount are significantly reduced in the polluted case in EC. Satellite data also reveal higher CDNC and smaller droplet size over polluted land in EC relative to pristine regions, which is consistent with the model results. Observational evidences and simulations results suggest that the significantly increased aerosol concentrations produced by air pollution are at least partly responsible for the decreased light rain events observed in China over the past 50 years. C1 [Qian, Yun; Fan, Jiwen; Leung, L. Ruby; Wang, Weiguo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bennartz, Ralf] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Chen, Deliang] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Earth Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Gong, Daoyi] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM yun.qian@pnl.gov RI qian, yun/A-5056-2010; Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012; qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Chen, Deliang/A-5107-2013; Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010 OI Chen, Deliang/0000-0003-0288-5618; FU U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research; China Ministry of Science and Technology; U. S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]; [2006CB400505]; [GYHY200706010] FX We thank William I. Gustafson Jr. for his internal review and constructive comments. This research is sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research under a bilateral agreement with the China Ministry of Science and Technology on regional climate research. PNNL is operated for the U. S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. This research was also partly supported by projects 2006CB400505 and GYHY200706010. The ECWMF reanalysis data used in this study were obtained from the ECMWF server available at http://data.ecmwf. NR 89 TC 114 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 40 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 114 AR D00K02 DI 10.1029/2008JD011575 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 484FC UT WOS:000269028100003 ER PT J AU Zhang, XS Srinivasan, R Bosch, D AF Zhang, Xuesong Srinivasan, Raghavan Bosch, David TI Calibration and uncertainty analysis of the SWAT model using Genetic Algorithms and Bayesian Model Averaging SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Modeling; Basin; Uncertainty; SWAT ID RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS; WATER ASSESSMENT-TOOL; GOODNESS-OF-FIT; AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION; METROPOLIS ALGORITHM; GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; CATCHMENT MODELS; CHAOHE BASIN; RIVER-BASIN AB In this paper, the Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) were used to simultaneously conduct calibration and uncertainty analysis for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), In this combined method, several SWAT models with different structures are first selected; next GA is used to calibrate each model using observed streamflow data; finally, BMA is applied to combine the ensemble predictions and provide uncertainty interval estimation. This method was tested in two contrasting basins, the Little River Experimental Basin in Georgia, USA, and the Yellow River Headwater Basin in China. The results obtained in the two case studies show that this combined method can provide deterministic predictions better than or comparable to the best calibrated model using GA. The 66.7% and 90% uncertainty intervals estimated by this method were analyzed. The differences between the percentage of coverage of observations and the corresponding expected coverage percentage are within 10% for both calibration and validation periods in these two test basins. This combined methodology provides a practical and flexible tool to attain reliable deterministic simulation and uncertainty analysis of SWAT. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zhang, Xuesong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Srinivasan, Raghavan] Texas A&M Univ, Spatial Sci Lab, Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Bosch, David] ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Zhang, XS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xuesongzhang2004@gmail.com RI zhang, xuesong/B-7907-2009; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 60 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 374 IS 3-4 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.06.023 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 494WU UT WOS:000269851000011 ER PT J AU Honda, M Wang, R Kong, WP Kanekiyo, M Akahata, W Xu, L Matsuo, K Natarajan, K Robinson, H Asher, TE Price, DA Douek, DC Margulies, DH Nabel, GJ AF Honda, Mitsuo Wang, Rui Kong, Wing-Pui Kanekiyo, Masaru Akahata, Wataru Xu, Ling Matsuo, Kazuhiro Natarajan, Kannan Robinson, Howard Asher, Tedi E. Price, David A. Douek, Daniel C. Margulies, David H. Nabel, Gary J. TI Different Vaccine Vectors Delivering the Same Antigen Elicit CD8(+) T Cell Responses with Distinct Clonotype and Epitope Specificity SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MHC CLASS-I; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; HLA-B27 SUBTYPE; AIDS VACCINE; HIV-1 GP120; DNA PRIME; PEPTIDE; PROTECTION AB Prime-boost immunization with gene-based vectors has been developed to generate more effective vaccines for AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis. Although these vectors elicit potent T cell responses, the mechanisms by which they stimulate immunity are not well understood. In this study, we show that immunization by a single gene product, HIV-1 envelope, with alternative vector combinations elicits CD8(+) cells with different fine specificities and kinetics of mobilization. Vaccine-induced CD8(+) T cells recognized overlapping third V region loop peptides. Unexpectedly, two anchor variants bound H-2D(d) better than the native sequences, and clones with distinct specificities were elicited by alternative vectors. X-ray crystallography revealed major differences in solvent exposure of MHC-bound peptide epitopes, suggesting that processed HIV-1 envelope gave rise to MHC-I/peptide conformations recognized by distinct CD8(+) T cell populations. These findings suggest that different gene-based vectors generate peptides with alternative conformations within MHC-I that elicit distinct T cell responses after vaccination. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 2425-2434. C1 [Honda, Mitsuo; Kong, Wing-Pui; Kanekiyo, Masaru; Akahata, Wataru; Xu, Ling; Asher, Tedi E.; Price, David A.; Douek, Daniel C.; Nabel, Gary J.] NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Honda, Mitsuo; Matsuo, Kazuhiro] Natl Inst Infect Dis, AIDS Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Wang, Rui; Natarajan, Kannan; Margulies, David H.] NIAID, Mol Biol Sect, Immunol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Price, David A.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. RP Nabel, GJ (reprint author), NIAID, Vaccine Res Ctr, NIH, 40 Convent Dr,Bldg 40,Room 4502, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM gnabel@nih.gov RI Margulies, David/H-7089-2013; Price, David/C-7876-2013; OI Price, David/0000-0001-9416-2737; Margulies, David/0000-0001-8530-7375 FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health; Medical Research Council, United Kingdom FX This work was supported by the intramural research program of the Vaccine Research Center and the Laboratory, of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Support for beamline X29 of the National Synchrotron Light Source comes principally from the Offices of Biological and Environmental Research and of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, and from the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health. D.A.P. is a Medical Research Council (United Kingdom) Senior Clinical Fellow. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 183 IS 4 BP 2425 EP 2434 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0900581 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 482RN UT WOS:000268906500029 PM 19620307 ER PT J AU Ricklin, D Tzekou, A Garcia, BL Hammel, M McWhorter, WJ Sfyroera, G Wu, YQ Holers, VM Herbert, AP Barlow, PN Geisbrecht, BV Lambris, JD AF Ricklin, Daniel Tzekou, Apostolia Garcia, Brandon L. Hammel, Michal McWhorter, William J. Sfyroera, Georgia Wu, You-Qiang Holers, V. Michael Herbert, Andrew P. Barlow, Paul N. Geisbrecht, Brian V. Lambris, John D. TI A Molecular Insight into Complement Evasion by the Staphylococcal Complement Inhibitor Protein Family SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; X-RAY SOLUTION; HUMAN-FACTOR-H; ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY; ACTIVATION PRODUCTS; BINDING PROTEIN; IMMUNE EVASION; AUREUS PROTEIN; COMPONENT; C3D AB Staphylococcus aureus possesses an impressive arsenal of complement evasion proteins that help the bacterium escape attack of the immune system. The staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN) protein exhibits a particularly high potency and was previously shown to block complement by acting at the level of the C3 convertases. However, many details about the exact binding and inhibitory mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that SCIN directly binds with nanomolar affinity to a functionally important area of C3b that lies near the C terminus of its beta-chain. Direct competition of SCIN with factor B for C3b slightly decreased the formation of surface-bound convertase. However, the main inhibitory effect can be attributed to an entrapment of the assembled convertase in an inactive state. Whereas native C3 is still able to bind to the blocked convertase, no generation and deposition of C3b could be detected in the presence of SCIN. Furthermore, SCIN strongly competes with the binding of factor H to C3b and influences its regulatory activities: the SCIN-stabilized convertase was essentially insensitive to decay acceleration by factor H and the factor I- and H-mediated conversion of surface-bound C3b to iC3b was significantly reduced. By targeting a key area on C3b, SCIN is able to block several essential functions within the alternative pathway, which explains the high potency of the inhibitor. Our findings provide an important insight into complement evasion strategies by S. aureus and may act as a base for further functional studies. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 2565-2574. C1 [Ricklin, Daniel; Tzekou, Apostolia; Sfyroera, Georgia; Wu, You-Qiang; Lambris, John D.] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Garcia, Brandon L.; McWhorter, William J.; Geisbrecht, Brian V.] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Div Cell Biol & Biophys, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Hammel, Michal] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holers, V. Michael] Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80045 USA. [Herbert, Andrew P.; Barlow, Paul N.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Biol Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Herbert, Andrew P.; Barlow, Paul N.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Chem, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Lambris, JD (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 401 Stellar Chance,422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM Lambris@upenn.edu RI Herbert, Andy/C-4755-2008; Herbert, Andy/F-6693-2010; Ricklin, Daniel/F-5104-2011; Barlow, Paul/G-2853-2011; OI Herbert, Andy/0000-0002-3417-4901; Herbert, Andy/0000-0002-4549-6965; Ricklin, Daniel/0000-0001-6140-0233; Lambris, John/0000-0002-9370-5776 FU National Institutes of Health [AI071028, AI068730, AI30040, AI072106, CA53615]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by Grants AI071028, AI068730, AI30040. AI072106, and CA53615 front the National Institutes of Health, and in part by the Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 for SIBLYS beamline efforts. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 183 IS 4 BP 2565 EP 2574 DI 10.4049/jimmunol.0901443 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 482RN UT WOS:000268906500044 PM 19625656 ER PT J AU Burkes, DE Fielding, RS Porter, DL Meyer, MK Makenas, BJ AF Burkes, Douglas E. Fielding, Randall S. Porter, Douglas L. Meyer, Mitchell K. Makenas, Bruce J. TI A US perspective on fast reactor fuel fabrication technology and experience. Part II: Ceramic fuels SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FAST BREEDER-REACTORS; URANIUM MONONITRIDE; PLUTONIUM; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN; AMMONIA; DIOXIDE; MIXTURE; PELLETS; SODIUM AB This paper is Part II of a review focusing on the United States experience with oxide, carbide, and nitride fast reactor fuel fabrication. Over 60 years of research in fuel fabrication by government, national laboratories, industry, and academia has culminated in a foundation of research and resulted in significant improvements to the technologies employed to fabricate these fuel types. This part of the review documents the current state of fuel fabrication technologies in the United States for each of these fuel types, some of the challenges faced by previous researchers, and how these were overcome. Knowledge gained from reviewing previous investigations will aid both researchers and policy makers in forming future decisions relating to nuclear fuel fabrication technologies. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Burkes, Douglas E.; Fielding, Randall S.; Porter, Douglas L.; Meyer, Mitchell K.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Makenas, Bruce J.] Fluor Hanford Co, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Burkes, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Douglas.Burkes@inl.gov OI Meyer, Mitchell/0000-0002-1980-7862 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-051D14517] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the many scientists, engineers, technicians, and support staff involved with the EBR-II and FFTF over three decades. Their commitment, integrity, and knowledge has in no small part inspired a new generation of scientists, engineers, technicians, and support staff to continue the great and important work they established, especially in such a dire time of need. The authors would like to thank Ron B. Baker of Fluor Hanford for very helpful discussions in the preparation of this paper. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy (NE), under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517. NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.04.023 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491MI UT WOS:000269582700001 ER PT J AU Cockeram, BV Smith, RW Byun, TS Snead, LL AF Cockeram, B. V. Smith, R. W. Byun, T. S. Snead, L. L. TI The change in the hardness of LCAC, TZM, and ODS molybdenum in the post-irradiated and annealed conditions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FAST-NEUTRON IRRADIATION; MO-5-PERCENT RE ALLOYS; CARBON ARC CAST; 300 DEGREES-C; TENSILE PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DEFECT RECOVERY; WROUGHT LCAC; TEMPERATURE AB Hardness measurements were performed on wrought Low Carbon Arc Cast (LCAC), TZM, and Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) molybdenum in the post-irradiated and post-irradiated + annealed condition to determine the recovery kinetics. Irradiations performed in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at nominally 300 degrees C and 600 degrees C to neutron fluence levels that range from 10.5 to 246 x 10(24) n/m(2) (E > 0.1 MeV) resulted in relatively large increases in hardness (77-109%), while small increases in hardness (<18%) were observed for irradiations at 870-1100 degrees C. The hardness recovery for ODS and LCAC irradiated at 300 degrees C and 600 degrees C were shown to be complete at 980 degrees C and approximate to 1100-1250 degrees C, respectively. Isothermal annealing at 700 degrees C was used to determine the activation energy for recovery of LCAC and ODS (3.70-4.88 eV +/- 0.28-0.77 eV), which is comparable to values reported in the literature for molybdenum vacancy self-diffusion. This suggests that recovery of LCAC and ODS is controlled by the solid-state diffusion of vacancies in the bulk, and that the finer grain size and particle size ODS does not affect this mechanism. TZM exhibited slower recovery kinetics, which can be explained by the solute atoms (titanium and zirconium) inhibiting vacancy diffusion. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cockeram, B. V.; Smith, R. W.] Bechtel Bettis Inc, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. [Byun, T. S.; Snead, L. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cockeram, BV (reprint author), Bechtel Bettis Inc, POB 79, W Mifflin, PA 15122 USA. EM cockeram@bettis.gov FU USDOE FX This work was supported by USDOE. The authors are grateful for the review and comments provided by J.E. Hack. The assistance of R.F. Luther and A.J Mueller in providing some of the LCAC and ODS molybdenum specimens used in this work is much appreciated. Thanks also to the following ORNL personnel for their contributions in completing irradiations and testing (A.L. Qualls, A.W. Williams, and J.L. Bailey). Irradiations were carried out in the High Flux Isotope Reactor, a Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.04.025 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491MI UT WOS:000269582700002 ER PT J AU Li, MM Sokolov, MA Zinkle, SJ AF Li, Meimei Sokolov, M. A. Zinkle, S. J. TI Tensile and fracture toughness properties of neutron-irradiated CuCrZr SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HARDENING CU-CR; COPPER-ALLOYS; HEAT-TREATMENTS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CU-CO2SI ALLOYS; COMPONENTS; ITER AB Tensile and fracture toughness properties of a precipitation-hardened CuCrZr alloy were investigated in two heat treatment conditions: solutionized, water quenched and aged (CuCrZr SAA), and hot isostatic pressed, solutionized, slow-cooled and aged (CuCrZr SCA). The second heat treatment simulated the manufacturing cycle for large components, and is directly relevant for the ITER divertor components. Specimens were neutron irradiated at similar to 80 degrees C to two iluences, 2 x 10(24) and 2 x 10(25) n/m(2) (E > 0.1 MeV), corresponding to displacement doses of 0.15 and 1.5 displacements per atom (dpa). Tensile and fracture toughness tests were carried out at room temperature. Significant irradiation hardening and plastic instability at yield occurred in both heat treatment conditions with a saturation dose of,.,0.1 dpa. Neutron irradiation slightly reduced fracture toughness in CuCrZr SAA and CuCrZr SCA. The fracture toughness of CuCrZr remained high up to 1.5 dpa (J(Q) > 200 kJ/m(2)) for both heat treatment conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Li, Meimei; Sokolov, M. A.; Zinkle, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mli@anl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research was sponsored by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. Dr Alan Peacock at EFDA Close Support Unit in Garching, Germany provided the materials. The authors would like to thank E.T. Manneschmidt, R. Swain and D.A. McClintock and L.T. Gibson for their technical support. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.05.003 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491MI UT WOS:000269582700005 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RC Ambrosi, RM Bannister, NP Howe, SD Atkinson, HV AF O'Brien, R. C. Ambrosi, R. M. Bannister, N. P. Howe, S. D. Atkinson, H. V. TI Spark Plasma Sintering of simulated radioisotope materials within tungsten cermets SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID WC-CO POWDER AB A Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) furnace was used to produce ceramic-metallic sinters (cermets) containing a simulated loading of radioisotope materials. CeO(2) was used to simulate loadings of PuO(2), UO(2) or AmO(2) within tungsten-based cermets due to the similar kinetic properties of these materials, in particular the respective melting points and Gibbs free energies. The work presented demonstrates the capability and suitability of the SPS process for the production of radioisotope encapsulates for nuclear fuels and other applications (including waste disposal and radioisotope power and heat source fabrication) where the mechanical capture of radioisotope materials is required. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [O'Brien, R. C.; Ambrosi, R. M.; Bannister, N. P.] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Howe, S. D.] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Space Nucl Res, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Atkinson, H. V.] Univ Leicester, Dept Engn, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP O'Brien, RC (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM rco3@star.le.ac.uk RI O'Brien, Robert/C-3355-2017 OI O'Brien, Robert/0000-0002-7479-6764 FU Idaho National Laboratory; Space Research Centre, University of Leicester; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Idaho; College of Engineering, Boise State University; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) FX The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for funding this research. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.05.012 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491MI UT WOS:000269582700014 ER PT J AU Valdez, JA Usov, IO Won, J Tang, M Dickerson, RM Jarvinen, GD Sickafus, KE AF Valdez, J. A. Usov, I. O. Won, J. Tang, M. Dickerson, R. M. Jarvinen, G. D. Sickafus, K. E. TI 10 MeV Au ion irradiation effects in an MgO-HfO2 ceramic-ceramic (CERCER) composite SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; NUCLEAR-WASTE; OXIDES; IMMOBILIZATION; TOLERANCE; PLUTONIUM; ZIRCONIA AB Room temperature ion irradiation damage studies were performed on a ceramic composite intended to emulate a dispersion nuclear fuel. The composite is composed of 90-mole% MgO and 10-mole% HfO2. The as-synthesized composite was found to consist of Mg2Hf5O12 (and some residual HfO2) particles embedded in an MgO matrix. X-ray diffraction revealed that nearly all of the initial HfO2 reacted with some MgO to form Mg2Hf5O12. Ion irradiations were performed using 10 MeV Au3+ ions at room temperature over a fluence range of 5 x 10(16)-5 x 10(20) Au/m(2). Irradiated samples were characterized using both grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the latter using both selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and micro-diffraction (VD) on samples prepared in cross-sectional geometry. Both GIXRD and TEM electron diffraction measurements on a specimen irradiated to a fluence of 5 x 10(20) Au/cm(2), revealed that the initial rhombohedral Mg2Hf5O12 phase was transformed into a cubic-Mg2Hf5O12 phase. Finally, it is important to note that at the highest ion fluence used in this investigation (5 x 10(20) Au/m(2)), both the MgO matrix and the Mg2Hf5O12 second phase remained crystalline. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Valdez, J. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Valdez, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM javaldez@lanl.gov OI won, Jonghan/0000-0002-7612-1322 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This work was supported and sponsored by a Los Alamos National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Grant and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 126 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.05.019 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491MI UT WOS:000269582700017 ER PT J AU Landa, A Soderlind, P Turchi, PEA Vitos, L Ruban, A AF Landa, A. Soederlind, P. Turchi, P. E. A. Vitos, L. Ruban, A. TI Density-functional study of Zr-based actinide alloys: 2. U-Pu-Zr system SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CONSTITUENT REDISTRIBUTION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; DELTA-PU; APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; PRESSURES; PLUTONIUM; CERIUM; FUEL AB Density-functional theory, previously used to describe phase equilibria in the U-Zr alloys [A. Landa, P. Soderlind, P.E.A. Turchi, L. Vitos, A. Ruban, J. Nucl. Mater. 385 (2009) 68[, is applied to study ground-state properties of the bcc U-Pu-Zr solid solutions. Calculated heats of formation of the Pu-U and Pu-Zr alloys are in a good agreement with CALPHAD assessments. We found that account for spin-orbit coupling is important for successful description of Pu-containing alloys. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Landa, A.; Soederlind, P.; Turchi, P. E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vitos, L.; Ruban, A.] Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Landa, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM landa1@llnl.gov RI Ruban, Andrei/B-7457-2012 FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 393 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.05.014 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 491MI UT WOS:000269582700019 ER PT J AU Schenkel, T Lo, CC Weis, CD Schuh, A Persaud, A Bokor, J AF Schenkel, T. Lo, C. C. Weis, C. D. Schuh, A. Persaud, A. Bokor, J. TI Critical issues in the formation of quantum computer test structures by ion implantation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Phalaborwa, SOUTH AFRICA DE Ion implantation; Highly charged ions; Quantum computing ID HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; NUCLEAR-SPIN; ENERGY-LOSS; SILICON AB The formation of quantum computer test structures in silicon by ion implantation enables the characterization of spin readout mechanisms with ensembles of dopant atoms and the development of single atom devices. We briefly review recent results in the characterization of spin dependent transport and single ion doping and then discuss the diffusion and segregation behaviour of phosphorus, antimony and bismuth ions from low fluence, low energy implantations as characterized through depth profiling by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Both phosphorus and bismuth are found to segregate to the SiO(2)/Si interface during activation anneals, while antimony diffusion is found to be minimal. An effect of the ion charge state on the range of antimony ions, (121)Sb(25+), in SiO(2)/Si is also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schenkel, T.; Weis, C. D.; Schuh, A.; Persaud, A.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lo, C. C.; Bokor, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schenkel, T (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM T_Schenkel@lbl.gov NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 16 BP 2563 EP 2566 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.05.061 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 528DU UT WOS:000272422400002 ER PT J AU Titov, AI Karaseov, PA Azarov, AY Kucheyev, SO AF Titov, A. I. Karaseov, P. A. Azarov, A. Yu. Kucheyev, S. O. TI Effects of the density of collision cascades: Separating contributions from dynamic annealing and energy spikes SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Phalaborwa, SOUTH AFRICA DE Ion implantation; Cluster ions; Molecular effect; Collision cascades; Silicon; Si ID DAMAGE BUILDUP; SI; BOMBARDMENT; IONS AB We present a quantitative model for the efficiency of the molecular effect in damage buildup in semiconductors. Our model takes into account only one mechanism of the dependence of damage buildup efficiency on the density of collision cascades: nonlinear energy spikes. In our three-dimensional analysis, the volume of each individual collision cascade is divided into small cubic cells, and the number of cells that have an average density of displacements above some threshold value is calculated. We assume that such cells experience a catastrophic crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition, while defects in the cells with lower displacement densities have perfect annihilation. For the two limiting cases of heavy (500 keV/atom (209)Bi) and light (40 keV/atom (14)N) ion bombardment of Si, theory predictions are in good agreement with experimental data for a threshold displacement density of 4.5 at.%. For intermediate density cascades produced by small 2.1 keV/amu PF(n) clusters, we show that dynamic annealing processes entirely dominate cascade density effects for PF(2) ions, while energy spikes begin contributing in the case of PF(4) cluster bombardment. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Titov, A. I.; Karaseov, P. A.; Azarov, A. Yu.] St Petersburg State Polytech Univ, Dept Phys Elect, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. [Kucheyev, S. O.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-437, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov RI Karaseov, Platon/P-6861-2015; Titov, Andrey/A-4608-2017 OI Karaseov, Platon/0000-0003-2511-0188; Titov, Andrey/0000-0003-4933-9534 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 16 BP 2701 EP 2704 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.05.033 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 528DU UT WOS:000272422400033 ER PT J AU King, BV Moore, JF Zinoviev, AV Veryovkin, IV Pellin, MJ AF King, B. V. Moore, J. F. Zinoviev, A. V. Veryovkin, I. V. Pellin, M. J. TI Sputtering of clusters from copper-gold alloys SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Phalaborwa, SOUTH AFRICA DE Sputtering; Clusters; SNMS; Photoionisation AB Polycrystalline Cu, Cu(20)Au(80), Cu(40)Au(60), Cu(80)Au(20) and Au samples were bombarded with 15 keV Ar(+), and the resulting secondary neutral yield distribution was studied by non-resonant laser post-ionisation mass spectrometry. Neutral clusters containing up to 15 atoms were observed for the targets. The yield of neutral clusters, Cu(m)Au(n) (m), containing n atoms, Y(n), was found to follow a power in n, i.e. Y(n) proportional to n(-delta), where the exponent delta varied from 5.2 to 10.1. For a fixed n, the cluster yields showed a variation with number of copper atoms, m, much greater than expected for a binomial distribution suggesting that the clusters are not formed randomly above the surface and a component of preformed cluster emission occurs. In addition, the cluster compositions from the sputtered alloys were indicative of sputtering from a copper rich surface. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [King, B. V.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [Moore, J. F.; Zinoviev, A. V.; Veryovkin, I. V.; Pellin, M. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Moore, J. F.] MassThink LLC, Naperville, IL 60565 USA. RP King, BV (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. EM bruce.king@newcastle.edu.au RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 16 BP 2757 EP 2760 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.05.067 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 528DU UT WOS:000272422400046 ER PT J AU Sideras-Haddad, E Schenkel, T Shrivastava, S Makgato, T Batra, A Weis, CD Persaud, A Erasmus, R Mwakikunga, B AF Sideras-Haddad, E. Schenkel, T. Shrivastava, S. Makgato, T. Batra, A. Weis, C. D. Persaud, A. Erasmus, R. Mwakikunga, B. TI Possible diamond-like nanoscale structures induced by slow highly-charged ions on graphite (HOPG) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids CY AUG 17-22, 2008 CL Phalaborwa, SOUTH AFRICA DE Diamond; Graphite; Highly Charged Ions; Nanostructuring; Radiation effects; Nanoscale materials ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; SOLID-SURFACES; SILICON; BOMBARDMENT; IMPACT; EMISSION; HCI AB The interaction between slow highly-charged ions (SHCI) of different charge states from an electron-beam ion trap and highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces is studied in terms of modification of electronic states at single-ion impact nanosize areas. Results are presented from AFM/STM analysis of the induced-surface topological features combined with Raman spectroscopy. I-V characteristics for a number of different impact regions were measured with STM and the results argue for possible formation of diamond-like nanoscale structures at the impact sites. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Sideras-Haddad, E.; Shrivastava, S.; Makgato, T.; Erasmus, R.; Mwakikunga, B.] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa. [Schenkel, T.; Batra, A.; Weis, C. D.; Persaud, A.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sideras-Haddad, E.] iThemba LABS Accelerator Based Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Sideras-Haddad, E (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, ZA-2050 Wits, Johannesburg, South Africa. EM haddade@physics.wits.ac.za NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 267 IS 16 SI SI BP 2774 EP 2777 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.05.060 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 528DU UT WOS:000272422400050 ER PT J AU Arrington, J AF Arrington, John TI Unpolarized nucleon structure studies utilizing polarized electromagnetic probes SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE nucleon structure; elastic electromagnetic form factors ID FORM-FACTORS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING AB By the mid-1980s, measurements of the nucleon form factors had reached a stage where only slow, incremental progress was possible using Unpolarized electron scattering. The development of high qnality polarized beams, polarized targets, and recoil polarimeters led to a renaissance in the experimental program. I provide an overview of the changes in the field in the last ten years, which were driven by the dramatically improved data made possible by a new family of tools to measure polarization observables. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arrington, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johna@anl.gov RI Arrington, John/D-1116-2012 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 77C EP 84C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.021 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000010 ER PT J AU Vogelsang, W AF Vogelsang, W. TI QCD Spin Physics: Theoretical Overview SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE Nucleon spin structure; QCD; Parton distributions ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; POLARIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ANTIQUARK FLAVOR ASYMMETRY; N-C LIMIT; SINGLE-SPIN; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; SPLITTING FUNCTIONS; HARD PROCESSES; DRELL-YAN AB We give an overview of some of the current activities and results in QCD spin physics. We focus on the helicity structure of the nucleon, where we highlight the results of a recent first global analysis of the helicity parton distributions, and on single-transverse spin asymmetries. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vogelsang, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wvogelsang@bnl.gov NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 110C EP 117C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.025 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000014 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, DE AF Kharzeev, Dmitri E. TI Hot and dense matter: from RHIC to LHC Theoretical overview SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; WEINBERG-SALAM THEORY; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; ODD BUBBLES; QCD; COLLABORATION; VIOLATION; EQUATION AB Relativistic heavy ion physics studies the phenomena that occur when a very large amount of energy (in units of QCD scale Lambda(QCD)) is deposited into a large volume (in units of Lambda(-3)(QCD)), creating QC 4 an extended in space and time domain with an energy density that is large in units of Lambda(4)(QCD). This includes the mechanism by which the energy is deposited (likely a transformation of the colliding Lorentz-contracted "gluon walls" into the strong longitudinal color fields); approach to thermalization; and the static and dynamical properties of the created quark-gluon plasma. Of particular interest is the fate of symmetries (e.g. chiral SUL(3) X SUR(3), scale, and discrete P and CP invariances) in hot and dense QCD matter. At present, the program at RHIC has entered a stage where new discoveries are enabled by high precision of the measurements; moreover, an at-ray of new capabilities will soon be available due to the numerous and significant upgrades. Very importantly, we will soon have access to unprecedented energies of colliding ions at the LHC. In addition, future RHIC runs at low energies, FAIR at GSI and NICA at JINR will make possible the studies of QCD matter at high baryon density. I will describe the current status of theoretical knowledge about hot QCD, and the ways in which it may be expected to improve in the near future. C1 [Kharzeev, Dmitri E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kharzeev, Dmitri E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kharzeev, DE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kharzeev@bnl.gov NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 118C EP 127C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.026 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000015 ER PT J AU Steinberg, P AF Steinberg, Peter TI Soft Physics from RHIC to the LHC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; FLOW; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENERGIES AB The RHIC program was intended to identify and study the quark-gluon plasma formed in the collision of heavy nuclei. The discovery of the "perfect liquid" is an essential step towards the understanding of the medium formed in these collisions. Much of data relevant to this was provided by the study of "soft" observables, which involve many particles of low momentum produced in nearly every event, rather than high momentum particles produced in rare events. The main results related to soft physics at RHIC are discussed, as well as their implications for the physics of the LHC heavy ion program. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM peter.steinberg@bnl.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 128C EP 136C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.027 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000016 ER PT J AU Bazilevsky, A AF Bazilevsky, Alexander CA PHENIX Collaboration TI Constraints on Gluon Polarization in the proton from PHENIX Double Helicity Asymmetry Data SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE proton; spin; polarization; asymmetry ID SPIN; SCATTERING AB We present a simple approach to constrain the gluon polarization in the proton, Delta G, in the gluon momentum fraction range 0.02-0.3 from PHENIX latest results on double helicity asymmetry in pi(0) production from polarized proton-proton collisions at root s = 200 GeV at mid-rapidity. C1 [Bazilevsky, Alexander] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bazilevsky, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM shura@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 207C EP 209C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.038 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000025 ER PT J AU Djalali, C Wood, M Nasseripour, R Weygand, D AF Djalali, C. Wood, M. Nasseripour, R. Weygand, D. CA CLAS Collaboration TI Medium Modifications of Light Vector Mesons in Nuclei SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE medium modifications; vector mesons AB There is tremendous interest both experimentally and theoretically in possible modification of the properties of vector mesons, such as a shift in their masses and/or broadening of their widths in dense nuclear matter. These effects can be related to partial restoration of chiral symmetry at high density or temperature. The light vector mesons (rho, omega, and phi) were photo-produced on (2)H, C, Ti, Fe, and Pb targets at the Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The properties of the rho vector meson at normal nuclear densities and zero temperature were investigated via their rare leptonic decay to e(+)e(-). The rho meson mass distributions were extracted for each of the targets. With respect to the rho-meson mass, we obtain a small shift compatible with zero. Also, we measure widths consistent with standard nuclear many-body effects such as collisional broadening and Fermi motion. C1 [Djalali, C.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Wood, M.] Canisius Coll, Buffalo, NY 14208 USA. [Nasseripour, R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Weygand, D.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Djalali, C (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM djalali@sc.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 246C EP 248C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.048 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000035 ER PT J AU Dunwoodie, W AF Dunwoodie, W. CA BaBar Collaboration TI New States and Charmonium Spectroscopy at BABAR SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE charmed mesons; decays of bottom mesons; phenomenological quark models AB Several charmonium-like states above D (D) over bar threshold have been discovered at the Belle and BABAR B-factories. Some are produced via Initial State Radiation (e.g. Y(4260) and Y(4350)), and some are observed in B meson decays (e.g. X(3872), Y(3940), and Z(4430)(-)). The Z(4430)(-) state has generated a great deal of interest, having minimum quark content (c (c) over bard (u) over bar) and, thus, representing the unequivocal manifestation of a four-quark meson state. Here we summarize recent BABAR results on the Y(4260), X(3872), Y(3940), and on a search for the Z(4430)(-). C1 [Dunwoodie, W.] SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. RP Dunwoodie, W (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94025 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 291C EP 293C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.058 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000045 ER PT J AU Millener, DJ AF Millener, D. J. TI Structure of p-shell hypernuclei and the spin-dependence of YN interactions from gamma-ray spectroscopy SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE Hypernuclei; Shell-model ID LAMBDA; STATES AB Shell-model calculations that include both Lambda and Sigma configurations with p-shell cores are used to interpret gamma-ray transitions in (7)(Lambda)Li, (9)(Lambda)Be, (10)(Lambda)B, (11)(Lambda)B, (12)(Lambda)C, (15)(Lambda)N, and (16)(Lambda)O observed with the Hyperball array of Ge detectors. It is shown that the data puts strong constraints on the spin dependence of the Lambda N effective interaction. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Millener, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM millener@bnl.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 297C EP 302C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.060 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000047 ER PT J AU Kishimoto, T Hayakawa, T Ajimura, S Khanam, F Itabashi, T Matsuoka, K Minami, S Mitoma, Y Sakaguchi, A Shimizu, Y Terai, K Chrien, RE Pile, P Noumi, H Sekimoto, M Takahashi, H Fukuda, T Imoto, W Mizoi, Y AF Kishimoto, T. Hayakawa, T. Ajimura, S. Khanam, F. Itabashi, T. Matsuoka, K. Minami, S. Mitoma, Y. Sakaguchi, A. Shimizu, Y. Terai, K. Chrien, R. E. Pile, P. Noumi, H. Sekimoto, M. Takahashi, H. Fukuda, T. Imoto, W. Mizoi, Y. TI Kaon-Nucleus Interaction Studied through the in-flight (K-, N) Reactions SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE Kaon-nucleus interaction; Kaon condensation; Neutron stars ID DYNAMICAL MODEL; BOUND-STATES; ATOMS AB We studied the (K) over bar -nucleus interaction by the (K-, N) reactions on C-12 and O-16. An appreciable strength observed in a bound region indicates that the (K) over bar -nuclear potential is strongly attractive. Potential depth was derived by comparing with the theoretical calculations. It is -190 MeV for the C-12(K-, n) -160 MeV for the C-12(K-, p), and -180 MeV for the O-16(K-, n) reaction and -160 MeV for the O-16(K-, p) respectively. Our data suggest that the (K) over bar -nucleus potential is sufficiently deep to realize kaon condensation in the core of neutron stars. C1 [Kishimoto, T.; Hayakawa, T.; Ajimura, S.; Khanam, F.; Itabashi, T.; Matsuoka, K.; Minami, S.; Mitoma, Y.; Sakaguchi, A.; Shimizu, Y.; Terai, K.] Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka, Japan. [Chrien, R. E.; Pile, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Noumi, H.; Sekimoto, M.; Takahashi, H.] KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Fukuda, T.; Imoto, W.; Mizoi, Y.] Osaka Electrocommun Univ, Neyagawa, Osaka 5728530, Japan. RP Kishimoto, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Osaka, Japan. RI Mizoi, Yutaka/B-2112-2014 OI Mizoi, Yutaka/0000-0002-4749-0815 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 321C EP 323C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.066 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000053 ER PT J AU Vogt, R AF Vogt, Ramona TI Understanding Heavy Flavor Production at RHIC SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE heavy flavor; higher-order calculations ID CHARM CROSS-SECTION; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; COLLISIONS AB Accurate assessments of the charm and bottom cross sections and kinematic distributions in hadron-hadron collisions are needed in order to understand the behavior of heavy flavors in more complex collisions. Neither the charm nor bottom cross sections were measured at root S = 200 GeV before the startup of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The RHIC detectors are capable of measuring the heavy flavor transverse momentum distributions to p(T) similar to 0, making estimates of the total heavy flavor cross section feasible at a collider. It is thus possible to obtain and compare the total heavy flavor cross sections at RHIC with those measured at other energies. The charm production data, in particular, can have a considerable spread in the measured cross sections, even at a single energy. In addition, the small charm mass can lead to large theoretical uncertainties. We assess the theoretical uncertainties on the heavy flavor (charm and bottom) hadroproduction cross section. We discuss the importance of the quark mass, the renormalization and factorization scales and the parton densities on the estimate of the uncertainty. C1 [Vogt, Ramona] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vogt, Ramona] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Vogt, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vogt@physics.ucdavis.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 454C EP 459C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.098 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000081 ER PT J AU Lipton, R AF Lipton, Ronald CA D0 Collaboration TI B Baryon Spectroscopy at D0 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE B Baryon; Baryon mass ID HEAVY BARYONS AB We report on the observation of the Omega(-)(b) and Xi(-)(b) baryons with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. The Xi(-)(b) was observed in the decay mode Xi(-)(b) -> J/Psi Xi(-) with a mass of 5.774 +/- 0.011 +/- 0.015 GeV/c(2). The Omega(-)(b) was observed in the analogous decay mode Omega(-)(b) -> J/Psi Omega(-) with a mass of 6.165 +/- 0.010 +/- 0.014 GeV/c(2). C1 [Lipton, Ronald; D0 Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Lipton, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 484C EP 486C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.106 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000088 ER PT J AU Goodman, M AF Goodman, Maury TI Planned reactor and beam experiments on Neutrino Oscillations SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE Neutrino; Oscillations AB Current and future neutrino oscillation experiments are discussed with an emphasis on those that will measure or further limit the neutrino oscillation parameter theta(13). Some nu(e) disappearance experiments are being planned at nuclear reactors, and more ambitious nu(mu) -> nu(e) appearance experiments are being planned using accelerator beams. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Goodman, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maury.goodman@anl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 518C EP 523C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.112 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000095 ER PT J AU Liebendorfer, M Fischer, T Hempel, M Mezzacappa, A Pagliara, G Sagert, I Schaffner-Bielich, J Scheidegger, S Thielemann, FK Whitehouse, SC AF Liebendoerfer, M. Fischer, T. Hempel, M. Mezzacappa, A. Pagliara, G. Sagert, I. Schaffner-Bielich, J. Scheidegger, S. Thielemann, F. -K. Whitehouse, S. C. TI Supernovae as Nuclear and Particle Physics Laboratories SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE supernovae: general; neutrinos; gravitational waves; stars: neutron; equation of state: neutron star matter; Quark deconfinement: phase transition ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; EQUATION-OF-STATE; NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; PHASE; EXPLOSIONS; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; MATTER; SHOCK AB In the interior of supernovae, temperatures and densities exceed the range that is easily accessible by terrestrial experiments. With the improving sensitivities of neutrino and gravitational wave detectors, the chance of obtaining observations providing a deep view into the heart of a close-by supernova explosion is steadily increasing. Based on computational models we investigate the imprint of the nuclear equation of state on the emission of neutrinos and gravitational waves. If a QCD phase transition to quark matter occurs during the immediate postbounce accretion phase, a strong second shock front is formed at a radius of order 10 km. Neutronised hadronic outer layers of the protoneutron star fall into it, are shock-heated and lead to a rapid acceleration of the second shock wave. As soon as this shock reduces the electron degeneracy at the neutrinospheres, a sharp second neutrino burst is emitted, dominated by electron antineutrinos. Together with the abruptly increasing mean energies of mu- and tau-neutrinos it may serve as a clear signature of the phase transition of the protoneutron star core to a more compact state. C1 [Liebendoerfer, M.; Fischer, T.; Scheidegger, S.; Thielemann, F. -K.; Whitehouse, S. C.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. [Hempel, M.; Sagert, I.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mezzacappa, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pagliara, G.; Schaffner-Bielich, J.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Liebendorfer, M (reprint author), Univ Basel, Dept Phys, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. EM matthias.liebendoerfer@unibas.ch; schaffner@thphys.uni-heidelberg.de RI Pagliara, Giuseppe/F-7650-2012; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017; OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741; Hempel, Matthias/0000-0003-4676-4121; PAGLIARA, Giuseppe/0000-0003-3250-1398 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 573C EP 578C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.126 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000109 ER PT J AU Smith, ES AF Smith, Elton S. TI The 12 GeV JLab Upgrade Project SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE JLab 12 GeV Upgrade; electromagnetic interactions; gluonic excitations; hybrid mesons; hadron structure ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AB The upgrade of the CEBAF Accelerator at Jefferson Lab to 12 GeV will deliver high luminosity and high quality beams, which will open unique opportunities for Studies of the quark and gluon structure of hadrons in the valence region. Such physics will be made accessible by substantial additions to the experimental equipment in combination with the increased energy reach of the upgraded machine. The emphasis of the talk will be on the program in a new experimental Hall D designed to search for gluonic excitations. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Smith, ES (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM elton@jlab.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 599C EP 604C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.132 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000115 ER PT J AU Deshpande, A AF Deshpande, Abhay CA EIC Collaboration TI Probing the Gluonic Structure Of Matter: Science of The Electron Ion Collider SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC08) CY NOV 09-14, 2008 CL Eilat, ISRAEL SP Weizmann Inst Sci, Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Univ, Israel Sci Fdn, IN2P3, Deutsch Elekronen Synchrotron, IN2P3/CNR, Fermilab, Elsevier, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Gesell Schweir Enforsch, Japan Proton Accelerator Res Complex, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, Los Alamos, TRIUMF, SLAC DE Spin; Nucleon's Spin; Gluon Spin; Gluon GPDs; Color Glass Condensate; low-x; Electron Ion Collider (EIC); eRHIC; eLIC AB In spite of the great stride we have made in over the past few decades, towards understanding the universe around us, we know surprisingly little about the fundamental structure of matter which makes the universe. How do quarks and gluons form the nucleons? How does the nucleon acquire its properties? A high energy high luminosity polarized electron-proton/ion collider will allow precision study of the fundamental structure of matter, with focus on the role partons play in forming and imparting properties to the nucleons and the nuclei including their internal dynamics. Such measurements are expected to address some of the most fundamental and universal aspects of QCD, the accepted theory of physics that relates to the interactions between quarks and gluons inside the nucleons and nuclei. Two proposals are being developed in the US: first, with the addition of an electron beam facility next to the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and have e-A/p collisions, and the other, to add a nuclear beam facility to complement the existing CEBAF facility at Jefferson Laboratory. This is a brief overview of the science and the project. C1 [Deshpande, Abhay] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Deshpande, Abhay] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Res Ctr, RIKEN, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Deshpande, A (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM abhay.deshpande@stonybrook.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 827 IS 1-4 BP 618C EP 623C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2009.05.136 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 488EW UT WOS:000269333000119 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B AF Ritchie, Burke TI The electron's self photon SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EQUATION-OF-MOTION; LAMB SHIFT AB Equations of motion (EOM's) are presented for the electron and photon. The electron EOM is the same as Dirac's equation with mass interpreted to be totally electromagnetic in nature. The photon EOM is considered here to be the EOM for the electron's self photon. The electron EOM and photon EOM together are presented as a single theory of the electron which is distinct from QED, in which separate matter and light theories are used for the electron and photon respectively. A temporarily bound state is found for the point proton-electron-self-photon three-body combination which possibly represents a neutronic state. In support of this surmise the theory is used to calculate the neutronic state-proton mass difference, the lifetime of the neutronic state against electron emission, and the neutronic state's magnetic moment, This interpretation of the neutronic state suggests that the self photon and the neutrino share the same EOM and are possibly the same particle. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ritchie, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ritchie1@llnl.gov FU Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX dThe author is grateful to L. John Perkins for discussion and help with the experimental beta spectrum. This work was performed under the auspices of the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 282 IS 16 BP 3286 EP 3291 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2009.04.053 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 476HS UT WOS:000268430800015 ER PT J AU Lin, PT Imre, A Ocola, LE Wessels, BW AF Lin, Pao Tai Imre, Alexandra Ocola, Leonidas E. Wessels, B. W. TI Thin film ferroelectric photonic crystals and their application to thermo-optic switches SO OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BATIO3; MICROCAVITIES; INDEX; LIGHT AB Two-dimensional photonic crystals (PhC) using epitaxial ferroelectric, barium titanate (BTO) thin films as the dielectric medium were fabricated and their thermo-optical response measured and compared to theory. The nanopatterned PhC consists of a square array of air holes 300 nm deep, a period of 780 nm and area 200 x 200 mu m(2). The large refractive index of BTO leads to a high contrast structure that shows strong optical diffraction. Optical diffraction is analyzed along the < 1 0 > and < 1 1 > directions from phase grating measurements. The thermal tunability of BTO PhC is characterized from the attenuation of the first order diffraction. There is a 3 dB extinction ratio when the temperature increases by 120 degrees C, which corresponds to an increase of 0.05 in the BTO refractive index. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique is used to calculate the PhC band structure and the temperature dependence of the diffraction efficiency. The large change in the diffraction efficiency indicates that thermally tunable BTO PhCs may be useful as active ultra-compact photonic switches. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Pao Tai; Wessels, B. W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Imre, Alexandra; Ocola, Leonidas E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wessels, B. W.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Wessels, BW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM b-wessels@northwestern.edu RI Wessels, Bruce/B-7541-2009; Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/A-2912-2010; OI Joshi-Imre, Alexandra/0000-0002-4271-1623; Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 FU National Science Foundation through ECS [0123469, ECCS-0801684]; US Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CHI 1357]; NSF [DMR 0076097] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through ECS Grant No. 0123469 and ECCS-0801684. Focused ion beam fabrication was done at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CHI 1357. Use of the central facilities of the Materials Research Center at Northwestern University funded by the NSF (Grant No. DMR 0076097) is acknowledged. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0030-4018 EI 1873-0310 J9 OPT COMMUN JI Opt. Commun. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 282 IS 16 BP 3364 EP 3367 DI 10.1016/j.optcom.2009.03.063 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 476HS UT WOS:000268430800027 ER PT J AU Decker, M Ruther, M Kriegler, CE Zhou, J Soukoulis, CM Linden, S Wegener, M AF Decker, M. Ruther, M. Kriegler, C. E. Zhou, J. Soukoulis, C. M. Linden, S. Wegener, M. TI Strong optical activity from twisted-cross photonic metamaterials SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-INDEX METAMATERIAL; REFRACTION AB Following a recent theoretical suggestion and microwave experiments, we fabricate photonic metamaterials composed of pairs of twisted gold crosses using two successive electron-beam-lithography steps and intermediate planarization via a spin-on dielectric. The resulting two effective resonances of the coupled system lie in the 1-2 mu m wavelength regime and exhibit pronounced circular dichroism, while the circular polarization conversion is very small. In between the two resonances, we find a fairly broad spectral regime with strong optical activity, i.e., with a pure rotation of incident linear polarization. The measured optical transmittance spectra agree well with theory. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Decker, M.; Ruther, M.; Kriegler, C. E.; Linden, S.; Wegener, M.] Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Angew Phys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Decker, M.; Ruther, M.; Kriegler, C. E.; Linden, S.; Wegener, M.] Univ Karlsruhe TH, DFG Ctr Funct Nanostruct, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Decker, M.; Ruther, M.; Linden, S.; Wegener, M.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Helmholtz Gemeinschaf, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Zhou, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhou, J.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, J.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soukoulis, C. M.] Res Ctr Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Decker, M (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe TH, Inst Angew Phys, Kaiserstr 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM manuel.decker@physik.uni-karlsuhe.de RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Wegener, Martin/S-5456-2016; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009; OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342; Decker, Manuel/0000-0002-9125-0851 FU European Commission [213390]; Bundesministerium fur Bildung and Forschung (BMBF); Helmholtz-Hochschul-Nachwuchsgruppe [VH-NG-232] FX The project PHOME acknowledges the financial support of the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) programme within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European Commission, under FET-Open grant 213390. The project METAMAT is supported by the Bundesministerium fur Bildung and Forschung (BMBF). The research of S. L. is further supported through a Helmholtz-Hochschul-Nachwuchsgruppe (VH-NG-232). The Ph.D. education of M. D., M. R., and C. E. K. is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics & Photonics (KSOP). NR 19 TC 159 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 48 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 16 BP 2501 EP 2503 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 494LT UT WOS:000269815400040 PM 19684829 ER PT J AU Abanov, A Mineev-Weinstein, M Zabrodin, A AF Abanov, Ar Mineev-Weinstein, M. Zabrodin, A. TI Multi-cut solutions of Laplacian growth SO PHYSICA D-NONLINEAR PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE Laplacian growth; Harmonic moments; Viscous fingering domain; Interface; Pattern; Dynamics ID HELE-SHAW FLOWS; INTERFACE DYNAMICS; INTEGRABLE STRUCTURE; SECTOR GEOMETRY; WEDGE; CORNER; CELL AB A new class of solutions to Laplacian growth (LG) with zero surface tension is presented and shown to contain all other known solutions as special or limiting cases. These solutions, which are time-dependent conformal maps with branch cuts inside the unit circle, are governed by a nonlinear integral equation and describe oil fjords with non-parallel walls in viscous fingering experiments in Hele-Shaw cells. Integrals of motion for the multi-cut LG solutions in terms of singularities of the Schwarz function are found, and the dynamics of densities (jumps) on the cuts are derived. The subclass of these solutions with linear Cauchy densities on the cuts of the Schwarz function is of particular interest, because in this case the integral equation for the conformal map becomes linear. These solutions can also be of physical importance by representing oil/air interfaces, which form oil fjords with a constant opening angle, in accordance with recent experiments in a Hele-shaw cell. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mineev-Weinstein, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Abanov, Ar] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Zabrodin, A.] Inst Biochem Phys, Moscow 119334, Russia. [Zabrodin, A.] ITEP, Moscow 117218, Russia. RP Mineev-Weinstein, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, MS P365,X-1 Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM abanov@tamu.edu; mariner@lanl.gov; zabrodin@itep.ru FU Welch Foundation [A-1678]; LANL [20070483ER]; RFBR [08-02-00287, RFBR-06-0192054-CEa, Nsh-3035.2008.2]; NWO [047.017.015]; [NF PhD-0757992] FX Ar. A is grateful to Welch Foundation (A-1678) for the partial support. His work was also partially supported by NF PhD-0757992 grant. All authors gratefully acknowledge a significant help from the project 20070483ER at the LDRD programs of LANL: the work of M.M-W. on this problem was fully supported by this project, while two other authors were partially supported by the same grant during their visits to LANL in 2008. The work of A.Z. was also partially supported bygrants RFBR 08-02-00287, RFBR-06-0192054-CEa, Nsh-3035.2008.2 and NWO 047.017.015. A.Z. express his thanks to the Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics for the hospitality and the INFIN for partial support during the completion of this work. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2789 J9 PHYSICA D JI Physica D PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 238 IS 17 BP 1787 EP 1796 DI 10.1016/j.physd.2009.06.001 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA 487SN UT WOS:000269296000005 ER PT J AU Gao, TY Collins, RE Horton, JR Zhang, X Zhang, RG Dhayalan, A Tamas, R Jeltsch, A Cheng, XD AF Gao, Tiyu Collins, Robert E. Horton, John R. Zhang, Xing Zhang, Rongguang Dhayalan, Arunkumar Tamas, Raluca Jeltsch, Albert Cheng, Xiaodong TI The ankyrin repeat domain of Huntingtin interacting protein 14 contains a surface aromatic cage, a potential site for methyl-lysine binding SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE epigenetics; ankyrin repeats; methyl-lysine binding; Huntingtin interacting protein 14; x-ray crystallography ID PALMITOYL TRANSFERASE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; GENE REPRESSION; HISTONE H3K4ME3; PHD FINGER; RECOGNITION; TRAFFICKING; HIP14; METHYLTRANSFERASE; CHROMODOMAIN C1 [Gao, Tiyu; Collins, Robert E.; Horton, John R.; Zhang, Xing; Cheng, Xiaodong] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Zhang, Rongguang] Argonne Natl Lab, SBC CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dhayalan, Arunkumar; Tamas, Raluca; Jeltsch, Albert] Jacobs Univ Bremen, Biochem Lab, Sch Sci & Engn, D-28759 Bremen, Germany. RP Cheng, XD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM xcheng@emory.edu RI Horton, John/F-2375-2010; Jeltsch, Albert/O-7404-2014 OI Jeltsch, Albert/0000-0001-6113-9290 FU National Institute of Health [GM068680, DK082678] FX Grant sponsor: National Institute of Health grants; Grant numbers: GM068680, DK082678. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 76 IS 3 BP 772 EP 777 DI 10.1002/prot.22452 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 470GT UT WOS:000267963900021 PM 19434754 ER PT J AU Liu, FX Yang, FQ Gao, YF Jiang, WH Guan, YF Rack, PD Sergic, O Liaw, PK AF Liu, F. X. Yang, F. Q. Gao, Y. F. Jiang, W. H. Guan, Y. F. Rack, P. D. Sergic, O. Liaw, P. K. TI Micro-scratch study of a magnetron-sputtered Zr-based metallic-glass film SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Scratch; Metallic-glass film; Critical load; Coefficient of friction; Adhesion ID AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; THIN-FILM; COATINGS; ADHESION; BEHAVIOR; WEAR; INDENTATION; RESISTANCE; SUBSTRATE AB Using the micro-scratch technique, the tribological behavior of ZrCuAlNi metallic-glass films on 316L stainless steel was studied. With the application of ramping load, the critical load of about 110 mN was determined, at which the coefficient of friction increased sharply and the indenter penetration depth reached the film thickness. No clear evidence of film debonding was found, which, together with the observation of multiple shear bands, indicated good adhesion and ductility of the metallic-glass film. When subjected to constant loads, the coefficient of friction increased rapidly once the critical load was passed. The scratch results and the scanning-electron microscopy observations demonstrated good adhesion between the film and the substrate, which may be due to the good interfacial bonding and low residual stress in the film. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 [Liu, F. X.; Gao, Y. F.; Jiang, W. H.; Guan, Y. F.; Rack, P. D.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yang, F. Q.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Gao, Y. F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rack, P. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sergic, O.] CSM Instruments Inc, Needham, MA 02494 USA. RP Liu, FX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fliu5@utk.edu RI Gao, Yanfei/F-9034-2010; OI Gao, Yanfei/0000-0003-2082-857X; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 203 IS 22 BP 3480 EP 3484 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.05.017 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 471GT UT WOS:000268044700023 ER PT J AU Viquez, OM Lai, B Ahn, JH Does, MD Valentine, HL Valentine, WM AF Viquez, Olga M. Lai, Barry Ahn, Jae Hee Does, Mark D. Valentine, Holly L. Valentine, William M. TI N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate promotes oxidative stress prior to myelin structural changes and increases myelin copper content SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy; N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate; Multiexponential transverse relaxation; Myelinopathy; Copper; Superoxide dismutase; Glutathione transferase; Heme oxygenase; Myelinopathy ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; PERIPHERAL-NERVE; CARBON-DISULFIDE; LIPID OXIDATION; RELAXATION; ACCUMULATION; APOPTOSIS; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; MICROPROBE AB Dithiocarbamates are a commercially important class of compounds that can produce peripheral neuropathy in humans and experimental animals. Previous studies have supported a requirement for copper accumulation and enhanced lipid peroxidation in dithiocarbamate-mediated myelinopathy. The study presented here extends previous investigations in two areas. Firstly, although total copper levels have been shown to increase within the nerve it has not been determined whether copper is increased within the myelin compartment, the primary site of lesion development. Therefore, the distribution of copper in sciatic nerve was characterized using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy to determine whether the neurotoxic dithiocarbamate, N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, increases copper levels in myelin. Secondly, because lipid peroxidation is an ongoing process in normal nerve and the levels of lipid peroxidation products produced by dithiocarbamate exposure demonstrated an unusual cumulative dose response in previous studies the biological impact of dithiocarbamate-mediated lipid peroxidation was evaluated. Experiments were performed to determine whether dithiocarbamate-mediated lipid peroxidation products elicit an antioxidant response through measuring the protein expression levels of three enzymes, superoxide dismutase 1, heme oxygenase 1, and glutathione transferase a, that are linked to the antioxidant response element promoter. To establish the potential of oxidative injury to contribute to myelin injury the temporal relationship of the antioxidant response to myelin injury was determined. Myelin structure in peripheral nerve was assessed using multi-exponential transverse relaxation measurements (MET(2)) as a function of exposure duration, and the temporal relationship of protein expression changes relative to the onset of changes in myelin integrity were determined. Initial assessments were also performed to explore the potential contribution of dithiocarbamate-mediated inhibition of proteasome function and inhibition of cuproenzyme activity to neurotoxicity, and also to assess the potential of dithiocarbamates to promote oxidative stress and injury within the central nervous system. These evaluations were performed using an established model for dithiocarbamate-mediated demyelination in the rat utilizing sciatic nerve, spinal cord and brain samples obtained from rats exposed to N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDC) by intra-abdominal pumps for periods of 2, 4, and 8 weeks and from non exposed controls. The data supported the ability of DEDC to increase copper within myelin and to enhance oxidative stress prior to structural changes detectable by MET2. Evidence was also obtained that the excess copper produced by DEDC in the central nervous system is redox active and promotes oxidative injury. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Viquez, Olga M.; Ahn, Jae Hee; Valentine, Holly L.; Valentine, William M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ctr Mol Toxicol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Viquez, Olga M.; Ahn, Jae Hee; Valentine, Holly L.; Valentine, William M.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Mol Neurosci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Lai, Barry] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 61439 USA. [Does, Mark D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [Does, Mark D.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Imaging Sci, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. RP Valentine, WM (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ctr Mol Toxicol, C3320 MCN VUMC, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM bill.valentine@vanderbilt.edu RI Does, Mark/G-8975-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357]; NIH [DK20539, DK58404]; NIEHS [ES06387]; HIH [EB001744] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. Experiments were supported in part through the use of the VUMC Research Resource (sponsored by NIH Grants DK20539 and DK58404) and the Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science. This study was supported by NIEHS Grant ES06387 and HIH Grant EB001744. The study sponsors did not contribute to; study design or in the collection, analysis or interpretation of data; in writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the work for publication. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD AUG 15 PY 2009 VL 239 IS 1 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.017 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 481MM UT WOS:000268815600009 PM 19467251 ER PT J AU Yoon, M Yang, SY Zhang, ZY AF Yoon, Mina Yang, Shenyuan Zhang, Zhenyu TI Interaction between hydrogen molecules and metallofullerenes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE charge exchange; density functional theory; fullerene compounds; hydrogen neutral molecules; hydrogen storage; lanthanum compounds ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; ENDOHEDRAL METALLOFULLERENES; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRON-GAS; STORAGE; C-60; ENERGY; CAGE; C-82; LA AB Within first-principles density functional theory, we explore the feasibility of using metallofullerenes as efficient hydrogen storage media. In particular, we systematically investigate the interaction between hydrogen molecules and La encapsulated all-carbon fullerenes, C(n) (20 < n < 82), focusing on the role of transferred charges between the metal atoms and fullerenes on the affinity of hydrogen molecules to the metallofullerenes. Our calculations show that three electrons are transferred from La atom to fullerene cages, while the induced charges are mostly screened by the fullerene cages. We find the local enhancement of molecular hydrogen affinity to the fullerenes to be sensitively dependent on the local bonding properties, rather than on the global charging effects. C1 [Yoon, Mina; Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yoon, Mina] Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. [Yoon, Mina; Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Yang, Shenyuan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yoon, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM myoon@ornl.gov RI Yoon, Mina/A-1965-2016 OI Yoon, Mina/0000-0002-1317-3301 FU DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46091]; NSF-FRG [DMR-0606485] FX This work was supported in part by DOE (Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER46091, the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence), and by the NSF-FRG Grant No. DMR-0606485. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 6 AR 064707 DI 10.1063/1.3197006 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 484QB UT WOS:000269060800034 PM 19691403 ER PT J AU DuBay, KH Geissler, PL AF DuBay, Kateri H. Geissler, Phillip L. TI Calculation of Proteins' Total Side-Chain Torsional Entropy and Its Influence on Protein-Ligand Interactions SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE side-chain entropy; configurational entropy; side-chain fluctuations; protein-ligand binding; protein thermodynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CALMODULIN-PEPTIDE COMPLEX; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE RELAXATION; CONFORMATIONAL ENTROPY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CONFIGURATIONAL ENTROPY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; BINDING DOMAIN; NMR RELAXATION; RECOGNITION AB Despite the high density within a typical protein fold, the ensemble of sterically permissible side-chain repackings is vast. Here, we examine the extent of this variability that survives energetic biases due to van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, salt bridges, and solvation. Monte Carlo simulations of an atomistic model exhibit thermal fluctuations among a diverse set of side-chain arrangements, even with the peptide backbone, fixed in its crystallographic conformation. We have quantified the torsional entropy of this native-state ensemble, relative to that of a noninteracting reference system, for 12 small proteins. The reduction in entropy per rotatable bond due to each kind of interaction is remarkably consistent across this set of molecules. To assess the biophysical importance of these fluctuations, we have estimated side-chain entropy contributions to the binding affinity of several peptide ligands with calmodulin. Calculations for our fixed-backbone model correlate very wen with experimentally determined binding entropies over a range spanning more than 80 kJ/(mol.308 K). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Geissler, Phillip L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Geissler, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM geissler@berkeley.edu RI DuBay, Kateri/E-8689-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation; Berkeley Fellowship FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. K.H.D. was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship and the Berkeley Fellowship. NR 76 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 391 IS 2 BP 484 EP 497 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.05.068 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 486VE UT WOS:000269227300019 PM 19481551 ER PT J AU Daniilidis, N Lee, T Clark, R Narayanan, S Haffner, H AF Daniilidis, N. Lee, T. Clark, R. Narayanan, S. Haeffner, H. TI Wiring up trapped ions to study aspects of quantum information SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; TELEPORTATION; STATE; REALIZATION; NETWORK; GATE AB There has been much interest in developing methods for transferring quantum information. We discuss a way to transfer quantum information between two trapped ions through a wire. The motion of a trapped ion induces oscillating charges in the trap electrodes. By sending this current to the electrodes of a nearby second trap, the motions of ions in the two traps are coupled. We investigate the electrostatics of a setup where two separately trapped ions are coupled through an electrically floating wire. We also discuss experimental issues, including possible sources of decoherence. C1 [Daniilidis, N.; Lee, T.; Clark, R.; Narayanan, S.; Haeffner, H.] Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, Innsbruck, Austria. [Lee, T.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Clark, R.] MIT, Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Haeffner, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Haeffner, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Daniilidis, N (reprint author), Inst Quantenopt & Quanteninformat, Innsbruck, Austria. EM hhaeffner@berkeley.edu RI Haeffner, Hartmut/D-8046-2012 OI Haeffner, Hartmut/0000-0002-5113-9622 FU Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF); European Union FX We acknowledge support from the Austrian Ministry of Science and Research (BMWF) via the START programme. ND is supported by the Marie-Curie fellowship programme of the European Union. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 AR 154012 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/15/154012 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 471GF UT WOS:000268043300013 ER PT J AU Trabert, E AF Traebert, E. TI Differential observations in spectroscopic measurements using electron beam ion traps SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; CHARGED TUNGSTEN IONS; MAGNETIC TRAPPING MODE; EMISSION-LINE SPECTRA; X-RAY; NI-LIKE; FE-X; REGION; PLASMAS; EUV AB In many atomic physics experiments in an electron beam ion trap, the technical system is used to provide a stationary environment for a cloud of highly charged ions which are then probed for properties such as excitation energies or magnetic sublevel population (via the polarization of the emitted light). However, there are also observations in which electron beam properties or ion trapping conditions are systematically varied to obtain atomic properties as well as measurements of the changes over time of the stored ions, their atomic states and their ensemble properties. Examples of such measurements that require a variation of the experiment parameters (hence 'differential' observations) are discussed. C1 [Traebert, E.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Phys & Astron, Astron Inst, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Traebert, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Trabert, E (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fac Phys & Astron, Astron Inst, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM traebert@astro.rub.de FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This discussion draws on experiences from more than a decade of collaboration with the Livermore EBIT group, the hospitality of which is greatly appreciated. Peter Beiersdorfer (Livermore) also deserves thanks for advice on the manuscript. ET acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Some of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 AR 154019 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/42/15/154019 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 471GF UT WOS:000268043300020 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Aguilo, E Ahsan, M Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Ancu, LS Andeen, T Anzelc, MS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Arthaud, M Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Avila, C BackusMayes, J Badaud, F Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, S Barberis, E Barfuss, AF Bargassa, P Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bauer, D Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Bellavance, A Benitez, JA Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Boos, EE Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Bu, XB Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Calfayan, P Calpas, B Calvet, S Cammin, J Carrasco-Lizarraga, MA Carrera, E Carvalho, W Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Cheu, E Cho, DK Choi, S Choudhary, B Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Clutter, J Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Crepe-Renaudin, S Cutts, D Cwiok, M Das, A Davies, G De, K de Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E DeVaughan, K Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dorland, T Dubey, A Dudko, LV Duflot, L Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dutt, S Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Escalier, M Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Facini, G Ferapontov, AV Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fu, S Fuess, S Gadfort, T Galea, CF Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Geng, W Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gillberg, D Ginther, G Gomez, B Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Hauptman, JM Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Heredia-De La Cruz, I Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hoang, T Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Huske, N Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jamin, D Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Johnston, D Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kajfasz, E Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YN Khatidze, D Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuzmin, VA Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lellouch, J Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lim, JK Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna-Garcia, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Mattig, P Magana-Villalba, R Magerkurth, A Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R McGivern, CL Meijer, MM Melnitchouk, A Mendoza, L Menezes, D Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Mitrevski, J Mondal, NK Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Nogima, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Obrant, G Ochando, C Onoprienko, D Orduna, J Oshima, N Osman, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padilla, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Polozov, P Popov, AV da Silva, WLP Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rakitine, A Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Rich, P Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Sanghi, B Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schlobohm, S Schwanenberger, C Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Siccardi, V Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, E Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Takahashi, M Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Torchiani, I Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Vilanova, D Vint, P Vokac, P Voutilainen, M Wagner, R Wahl, HD Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Welty-Rieger, L Wenger, A Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Williams, MRJ Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xu, C Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yang, WC Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Ye, Z Yin, H Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Zeitnitz, C Zelitch, S Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zivkovic, L Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anzelc, M. S. Aoki, M. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Arthaud, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Atramentov, O. Avila, C. BackusMayes, J. Badaud, F. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Bu, X. B. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Calfayan, P. Calpas, B. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A. Carrera, E. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Cheu, E. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clutter, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. DeVaughan, K. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dorland, T. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Escalier, M. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Facini, G. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. 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Oshima, N. Osman, N. Osta, J. Otec, R. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Owen, M. Padilla, M. Padley, P. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pawloski, G. Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petroff, P. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Polozov, P. Popov, A. V. da Silva, W. L. Prado Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rakitine, A. Rangel, M. S. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Rich, P. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rominsky, M. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Sanghi, B. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schliephake, T. Schlobohm, S. Schwanenberger, C. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Siccardi, V. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Stolin, V. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strang, M. A. Strauss, E. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Takahashi, M. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Torchiani, I. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vilanova, D. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Voutilainen, M. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Welty-Rieger, L. Wenger, A. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xu, C. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yang, W. -C. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, Z. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zeitnitz, C. Zelitch, S. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for Resonant Pair Production of Neutral Long-Lived Particles Decaying to b(b)over-bar in p(p)over-bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGGS-BOSON AB We report on a first search for resonant pair production of neutral long-lived particles (NLLP) which each decay to a b (b) over bar pair, using 3.6 fb(-1) of data recorded with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. We search for pairs of displaced vertices in the tracking detector at radii in the range 1.6-20 cm from the beam axis. No significant excess is observed above background, and upper limits are set on the production rate in a hidden-valley benchmark model for a range of Higgs boson masses and NLLP masses and lifetimes. C1 [Abazov, V. M.; Alexeev, G. 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W.; Taylor, W.] York Univ, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Aguilo, E.; Beale, S.; Gillberg, D.; Liu, Z.; Moore, R. W.; Taylor, W.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Bu, X. B.; Han, L.; Liu, Y.; Yin, H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Avila, C.; Gomez, B.; Mendoza, L.; Negret, J. P.] Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. [Kvita, J.; Soustruznik, K.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hubacek, Z.; Hynek, V.; Otec, R.; Simak, V.; Vokac, P.] Czech Tech Univ, CR-16635 Prague, Czech Republic. [Kupco, A.; Lokajicek, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hoeneisen, B.] Univ San Francisco, Quito, Ecuador. [Badaud, F.; Gay, P.; Gris, Ph.; Lacroix, F.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, LPC, CNRS, IN2P3, Clermont, France. [Arnoud, Y.; Crepe-Renaudin, S.; Martin, B.; Sajot, G.; Stark, J.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble,LPSC, Grenoble, France. 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H. L. S.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Chakrabarti, S.; Grannis, P. D.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Hobbs, J. D.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Strauss, E.; Tsybychev, D.; Zhu, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Begel, M.; Evdokimov, A.; Patwa, A.; Protopopescu, S.; Snyder, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hossain, S.; Jain, S.; Rominsky, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Cutts, D.; Enari, Y.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Partridge, R.; Xie, Y.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; De, K.; Kaushik, V.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kehoe, R.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bargassa, P.; Corcoran, M.; Mackin, D.; Padley, P.; Pawloski, G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Zelitch, S.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [BackusMayes, J.; Burnett, T. H.; Dorland, T.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Schlobohm, S.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; bu, xuebing/D-1121-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Kozelov, Alexander/J-3812-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015 OI Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107 FU DOE; NSF (USA); CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI; Rosatom; RFBR (Russia); CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPESP; FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE; DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF; KOSEF (Korea); CONICET; UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC; Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT; GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program; CFI; NSERC; BMBF; DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS; CNSF (China); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) FX We thank the staffs at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom and RFBR (Russia); CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPESP and FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE and DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF and KOSEF (Korea); CONICET and UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC and the Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT and GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program, CFI, NSERC and WestGrid Project (Canada); BMBF and DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS and CNSF (China); and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany). NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 071801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.071801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300013 ER PT J AU Analytis, JG Andrew, CMJ Coldea, AI McCollam, A Chu, JH McDonald, RD Fisher, IR Carrington, A AF Analytis, J. G. Andrew, C. M. J. Coldea, A. I. McCollam, A. Chu, J. -H. McDonald, R. D. Fisher, I. R. Carrington, A. TI Fermi Surface of SrFe2P2 Determined by the de Haas-van Alphen Effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report measurements of the Fermi surface (FS) of the ternary iron-phosphide SrFe2P2 using the de Haas-van Alphen effect. The calculated FS of this compound is very similar to SrFe2As2, the parent compound of the high temperature superconductors. Our data show that the Fermi surface is composed of two electron and two hole sheets in agreement with band-structure calculations. Several of the sheets show strong c-axis warping emphasizing the importance of three dimensionality in the nonmagnetic state of the ternary pnictides. We find that the electron and hole pockets have a different topology, implying that this material does not satisfy a (pi, pi) nesting condition. C1 [Analytis, J. G.; Chu, J. -H.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Analytis, J. G.; Chu, J. -H.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Analytis, J. G.; Chu, J. -H.; Fisher, I. R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Andrew, C. M. J.; Coldea, A. I.; Carrington, A.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [McCollam, A.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, High Field Magnet Lab, Fac Sci, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [McDonald, R. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Analytis, JG (reprint author), Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; McCollam, Alix/F-9697-2015; Coldea, Amalia/C-1106-2013; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 FU EPSRC,; Royal Society; EU 6th Framework [RII3-CT-2004-506239]; U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX The authors would like to thank E. A. Yelland for technical assistance. Part of this work has been done with the financial support of EPSRC, Royal Society and EU 6th Framework Contract No. RII3-CT-2004-506239. Work at Stanford was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 24 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 076401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.076401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300047 PM 19792666 ER PT J AU Bosak, A Hoesch, M Krisch, M Chernyshov, D Pattison, P Schulze-Briese, C Winkler, B Milman, V Refson, K Antonangeli, D Farber, D AF Bosak, A. Hoesch, M. Krisch, M. Chernyshov, D. Pattison, P. Schulze-Briese, C. Winkler, B. Milman, V. Refson, K. Antonangeli, D. Farber, D. TI 3D Imaging of the Fermi Surface by Thermal Diffuse Scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SCATTERING; FORCE-CONSTANTS; KOHN ANOMALIES; PHONONS; APPROXIMATION; DEPENDENCE; ALUMINUM AB We use thermal diffuse scattering of x rays to visualize the lens-shaped portions of the Fermi surface in metallic zinc. Our interpretation of the nature of the observed scattered intensity anomalies is supported by the incorporation of inelastic x-ray scattering measurements as well as ab initio calculations of the electronic structure and lattice dynamics. Our work demonstrates that thermal diffuse scattering complements well-established techniques and is a powerful tool in its own right for studying the shape of the Fermi surface through the associated electron-phonon coupling. C1 [Bosak, A.; Hoesch, M.; Krisch, M.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Chernyshov, D.; Pattison, P.] Swiss Norwegian Beam Lines, F-38043 Grenoble, France. [Pattison, P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Cristallog, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Schulze-Briese, C.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Winkler, B.] Univ Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Milman, V.] Accelrys, Cambridge CB4 0WN, England. [Refson, K.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Antonangeli, D.] Univ Paris 6 & 7, CNRS, Inst Phys Globe, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses,UMR 7590, F-75005 Paris, France. [Farber, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Farber, D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Bosak, A (reprint author), European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RI Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Chernyshov, Dmitry/B-2399-2008; Refson, Keith/G-1407-2013; BOSAK, Alexei/J-7895-2013; Milman, Victor/M-6117-2015 OI Hoesch, Moritz/0000-0002-0114-2110; Refson, Keith/0000-0002-8715-5835; Milman, Victor/0000-0003-2258-1347 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 076403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.076403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300049 PM 19792668 ER PT J AU Dorf, MA Kaganovich, ID Startsev, EA Davidson, RC AF Dorf, Mikhail A. Kaganovich, Igor D. Startsev, Edward A. Davidson, Ronald C. TI Enhanced Self-Focusing of an Ion Beam Pulse Propagating through a Background Plasma along a Solenoidal Magnetic Field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; FUSION; SHOCKS; LENS AB It is shown that the application of a weak solenoidal magnetic field along the direction of ion beam propagation through a neutralizing background plasma can significantly enhance the beam self-focusing for the case where the beam radius is small compared to the collisionless electron skin depth. The enhanced focusing is provided by a strong radial self-electric field that is generated due to a local polarization of the magnetized plasma background by the moving ion beam. A positive charge of the ion beam pulse becomes overcompensated by the plasma electrons, which results in the radial focusing of the beam ions. The expression for the self-focusing force is derived analytically and compared with the results of numerical simulations. C1 [Dorf, Mikhail A.; Kaganovich, Igor D.; Startsev, Edward A.; Davidson, Ronald C.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Dorf, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 075003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.075003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300032 PM 19792651 ER PT J AU Maingi, R Osborne, TH LeBlanc, BP Bell, RE Manickam, J Snyder, PB Menard, JE Mansfield, DK Kugel, HW Kaita, R Gerhardt, SP Sabbagh, SA Kelly, FA AF Maingi, R. Osborne, T. H. LeBlanc, B. P. Bell, R. E. Manickam, J. Snyder, P. B. Menard, J. E. Mansfield, D. K. Kugel, H. W. Kaita, R. Gerhardt, S. P. Sabbagh, S. A. Kelly, F. A. CA NSTX Res Team TI Edge-Localized-Mode Suppression through Density-Profile Modification with Lithium-Wall Coatings in the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS FUELING LOCATION; DIII-D TOKAMAK; COLLISIONALITY REGIME; NSTX PLASMAS; HIGH-BETA; PEDESTAL; CONFINEMENT; OPERATION; STABILITY; PHYSICS AB Reduction or elimination of edge localized modes (ELMs) while maintaining high confinement is essential for future fusion devices, e.g., the ITER. An ELM-free regime was recently obtained in the National Spherical Torus Experiment, following lithium (Li) evaporation onto the plasma-facing components. Edge stability calculations indicate that the pre-Li discharges were unstable to low-n peeling or ballooning modes, while broader pressure profiles stabilized the post-Li discharges. Normalized energy confinement increased by 50% post Li, with no sign of ELMs up to the global stability limit. C1 [Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Osborne, T. H.; Snyder, P. B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [LeBlanc, B. P.; Bell, R. E.; Manickam, J.; Menard, J. E.; Mansfield, D. K.; Kugel, H. W.; Kaita, R.; Gerhardt, S. P.; Kelly, F. A.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Maingi, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Osborne, Tobias/D-3271-2014; OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC02-09CH11466, DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-FG02-99ER54524] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, No. DE-AC02-09CH11466, No. DE-FC02-04ER54698, and No. DE-FG02-99ER54524. We thank L. E. Zakharov for valuable discussions and acknowledge his prediction of ELM suppression with lithium coatings (due to a different mechanism) in advance of lithium experiments in the NSTX. The contribution of the NSTX technical and neutral beam operations staff is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 31 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 075001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.075001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300030 PM 19792649 ER PT J AU Nascimento, VB Li, A Jayasundara, DR Xuan, Y O'Neal, J Pan, SH Chien, TY Hu, B He, XB Li, GR Sefat, AS McGuire, MA Sales, BC Mandrus, D Pan, MH Zhang, JD Jin, R Plummer, EW AF Nascimento, V. B. Li, Ang Jayasundara, Dilushan R. Xuan, Yi O'Neal, Jared Pan, Shuheng Chien, T. Y. Hu, Biao He, X. B. Li, Guorong Sefat, A. S. McGuire, M. A. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. Pan, M. H. Zhang, Jiandi Jin, R. Plummer, E. W. TI Surface Geometric and Electronic Structures of BaFe2As2(001) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR AB BaFe2As2 exhibits properties that are characteristic of the parent compounds of the newly discovered iron (Fe)-based high-TC superconductors. By combining real-space imaging of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM + STS) with momentum-space quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), we have identified the surface plane of cleaved BaFe2As2 crystals as the As terminated Fe-As layer-the plane where superconductivity occurs. LEED and STM + STS data on the BaFe2As2(001) surface indicate an ordered arsenic (As) terminated metallic surface without reconstruction or lattice distortion. It is surprising that STM images the different Fe-As orbitals associated with the orthorhombic structure, but not the As atoms in the surface plane. C1 [Nascimento, V. B.; He, X. B.; Zhang, Jiandi; Jin, R.; Plummer, E. W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Li, Ang; Jayasundara, Dilushan R.; Xuan, Yi; O'Neal, Jared; Pan, Shuheng] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Chien, T. Y.; Hu, Biao; Li, Guorong] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Li, Ang; Jayasundara, Dilushan R.; Xuan, Yi; O'Neal, Jared; Pan, Shuheng] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Sefat, A. S.; McGuire, M. A.; Sales, B. C.; Mandrus, D.; Pan, M. H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nascimento, VB (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM vnascimento@lsu.edu RI McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; Hu, Biao/A-8199-2012; He, Xiaobo/G-5435-2012; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Li, Guorong/C-3806-2015; Li, An-Ping/B-3191-2012; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; Li, An-Ping/0000-0003-4400-7493; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE; NSF and DOE [NSF-DMR-0451163]; NSF [DMR-0346826]; TcSUH; Robert A. Welch Foundation FX This effort was supported in part by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE (A. S., M. A. M., B. C. S., D. M.). X. B. H., G. L., T. Y. C., and E. W. P. have received support from NSF and DOE (DMS&E and NSF-DMR-0451163). J. Z. is supported by NSF under grant No. DMR-0346826. This work is also partly supported by the State of Texas through TcSUH and the Robert A. Welch Foundation. We would also like to thank DMSE and Division of User Facilities for work at CNMS. NR 17 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 076104 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.076104 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300046 PM 19792665 ER PT J AU Tsigutkin, K Dounas-Frazer, D Family, A Stalnaker, JE Yashchuk, VV Budker, D AF Tsigutkin, K. Dounas-Frazer, D. Family, A. Stalnaker, J. E. Yashchuk, V. V. Budker, D. TI Observation of a Large Atomic Parity Violation Effect in Ytterbium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANAPOLE MOMENT; NONCONSERVATION; TRANSITION; THALLIUM; 6S(2) AB Atomic parity violation has been observed in the 6s(2) (1)S(0) -> 5d6s (3)D(1) 408-nm forbidden transition of ytterbium. The parity-violating amplitude is found to be 2 orders of magnitude larger than in cesium, where the most precise experiments to date have been performed. This is in accordance with theoretical predictions and constitutes the largest atomic parity-violating amplitude yet observed. This also opens the way to future measurements of neutron distributions and anapole moments by comparing parity-violating amplitudes for various isotopes and hyperfine components of the transition. C1 [Tsigutkin, K.; Dounas-Frazer, D.; Family, A.; Stalnaker, J. E.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yashchuk, V. V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsigutkin, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tsigutkin@berkeley.edu RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 FU NSF FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with and important contributions of M. A. Bouchiat, C.J. Bowers, E. D. Commins, B. P. Das, D. DeMille, A. Dilip, S.J. Freedman, J.S. Guzman, G. Gwinner, D. F. Kimball, M. G. Kozlov, S. M. Rochester, and M. Zolotorev. This work has been supported by NSF. NR 19 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 7 AR 071601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.071601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 484QZ UT WOS:000269063300011 PM 19792630 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Hubbard, SS Williams, KH Pride, S Li, L Steefel, C Slater, L AF Chen, Jinsong Hubbard, Susan S. Williams, Kenneth H. Pride, Steve Li, Li Steefel, Carl Slater, Lee TI A state-space Bayesian framework for estimating biogeochemical transformations using time-lapse geophysical data SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INDUCED-POLARIZATION; ELECTRICAL SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSPORT; ROCK; DISPERSION; MODEL AB We develop a state-space Bayesian framework to combine time-lapse geophysical data with other types of information for quantitative estimation of biogeochemical parameters during bioremediation. We consider characteristics of end products of biogeochemical transformations as state vectors, which evolve under constraints of local environments through evolution equations, and consider time-lapse geophysical data as available observations, which could be linked to the state vectors through petrophysical models. We estimate the state vectors and their associated unknown parameters over time using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling methods. To demonstrate the use of the state-space approach, we apply it to complex resistivity data collected during laboratory column biostimulation experiments that were poised to precipitate iron and zinc sulfides during sulfate reduction. We develop a petrophysical model based on sphere-shaped cells to link the sulfide precipitate properties to the time-lapse geophysical attributes and estimate volume fraction of the sulfide precipitates, fraction of the dispersed, sulfide-encrusted cells, mean radius of the aggregated clusters, and permeability over the course of the experiments. Results of the case study suggest that the developed state-space approach permits the use of geophysical data sets for providing quantitative estimates of end-product characteristics and hydrological feedbacks associated with biogeochemical transformations. Although tested here on laboratory column experiment data sets, the developed framework provides the foundation needed for quantitative field-scale estimation of biogeochemical parameters over space and time using direct, but often sparse wellbore data with indirect, but more spatially extensive geophysical data sets. C1 [Chen, Jinsong; Hubbard, Susan S.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Pride, Steve; Li, Li; Steefel, Carl] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Slater, Lee] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Chen, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jchen@lbl.gov RI Chen, Jinsong/A-1374-2009; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Hubbard, Susan/E-9508-2010; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Li, Li/A-6077-2008 OI Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; Li, Li/0000-0002-1641-3710 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research Program [KP150401] FX Funding for this study was provided by the U. S. Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research Program under the LBNL Sustainable Systems Subsurface Focus Area (KP150401). The authors wish to thank Yuxin Wu from Lawrence Berkeley National Lab for the discussion regarding the empirical models used in the study. We also thank the associate editor Day- Lewis Fred, Kamini Singha, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 14 PY 2009 VL 45 AR W08420 DI 10.1029/2008WR007698 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 484IK UT WOS:000269037700002 ER PT J AU O'Rourke, JA Nelson, RT Grant, D Schmutz, J Grimwood, J Cannon, S Vance, CP Graham, MA Shoemaker, RC AF O'Rourke, Jamie A. Nelson, Rex T. Grant, David Schmutz, Jeremy Grimwood, Jane Cannon, Steven Vance, Carroll P. Graham, Michelle A. Shoemaker, Randy C. TI Integrating microarray analysis and the soybean genome to understand the soybeans iron deficiency response SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-FEATURE POLYMORPHISM; LOCAL COEXPRESSION DOMAINS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; METABOLIC-RESPONSES; NEIGHBORING GENES; CHLOROSIS; STRESS; ROOTS; ORGANIZATION; NUTRITION AB Background: Soybeans grown in the upper Midwestern United States often suffer from iron deficiency chlorosis, which results in yield loss at the end of the season. To better understand the effect of iron availability on soybean yield, we identified genes in two near isogenic lines with changes in expression patterns when plants were grown in iron sufficient and iron deficient conditions. Results: Transcriptional profiles of soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr) near isogenic lines Clark (PI548553, iron efficient) and IsoClark (PI547430, iron inefficient) grown under Fe-sufficient and Fe-limited conditions were analyzed and compared using the Affymetrix (R) GeneChip (R) Soybean Genome Array. There were 835 candidate genes in the Clark (PI548553) genotype and 200 candidate genes in the IsoClark (PI547430) genotype putatively involved in soybean's iron stress response. Of these candidate genes, fifty-eight genes in the Clark genotype were identified with a genetic location within known iron efficiency QTL and 21 in the IsoClark genotype. The arrays also identified 170 single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) specific to either Clark or IsoClark. A sliding window analysis of the microarray data and the 7X genome assembly coupled with an iterative model of the data showed the candidate genes are clustered in the genome. An analysis of 5' untranslated regions in the promoter of candidate genes identified 11 conserved motifs in 248 differentially expressed genes, all from the Clark genotype, representing 129 clusters identified earlier, confirming the cluster analysis results. Conclusion: These analyses have identified the first genes with expression patterns that are affected by iron stress and are located within QTL specific to iron deficiency stress. The genetic location and promoter motif analysis results support the hypothesis that the differentially expressed genes are coregulated. The combined results of all analyses lead us to postulate iron inefficiency in soybean is a result of a mutation in a transcription factor(s), which controls the expression of genes required in inducing an iron stress response. C1 [Nelson, Rex T.; Grant, David; Cannon, Steven; Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [O'Rourke, Jamie A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Genet Dev & Cellular Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Grant, David; Graham, Michelle A.; Shoemaker, Randy C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schmutz, Jeremy; Grimwood, Jane] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Joint Genome Inst,Stanford Human Genome Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Vance, Carroll P.] Univ Minnesota, ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Shoemaker, RC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM utehawk@iastate.edu; rex.nelson@ars.usda.gov; dgrant@iastate.edu; jeremy@shgc.stanford.edu; jane@shgc.stanford.edu; steven.cannon@ars.usda.gov; carroll.vance@ars.usda.gov; michelle.graham@ars.usda.gov; randy.shoemaker@ars.usda.gov OI Grant, David/0000-0002-4611-6848 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 376 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-376 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 490OZ UT WOS:000269511700002 PM 19678937 ER PT J AU Shubert, VA Rednic, M Pratt, ST AF Shubert, V. Alvin Rednic, Maria Pratt, Stephen T. TI Photodissociation of 2-Iodoethanol within the A Band SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; METHYL-IODIDE; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ALKYL IODIDES; 304 NM; DYNAMICS; CH3I; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; RADICALS; ETHYLENE AB The photodissociation of 2-iodoethanol was studied within the A (sigma* <- n) absorption band at several wavelengths between 253 and 298 nm, and the velocity distributions and angular distributions of the photofragments were characterized by using velocity-map ion imaging. The two dominant dissociation channels correspond to the production of the 2-hydroxyethyl radical, C2H4OH, and 1(P-2(3/2)) and I*(P-2(1/2)), and in both channels, approximately 50% of the available excess energy is partitioned into translational energy of the fragments. The branching fractions for the I and I* channels at 266 nm were determined by using a combination of (1) the translational energy distributions for the separate I and I* channels determined by two-photon resonant, three-photon ionization, (2) the distributions for the combined I + I* channels determined by single-photon ionization at 118 nm, and (3) the relative photoionization cross sections of I and I* at 118 nm. Evidence was observed for either the secondary decomposition of C2H4OH, the photodissociation of C2H4OH, or the dissociative ionization of the C2H4OH radicals produced in the I channel. These mechanisms are also discussed. C1 [Shubert, V. Alvin; Rednic, Maria; Pratt, Stephen T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pratt, ST (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Shubert, V. Alvin/C-6736-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Chicago/Argonne Strategic Collaborative Initiative FX We would like to thank Professors L. J. Butler and H. Reisler for helpful discussions regarding this study. We would also like to thank Dr. S. J. Klippenstein for sharing his results on C2H4OH. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. M.R. was supported by funding through the University of Chicago/Argonne Strategic Collaborative Initiative. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 32 BP 9057 EP 9064 DI 10.1021/jp903301g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 479LN UT WOS:000268660900002 PM 19610650 ER PT J AU Martin, Z Jimenez, I Gomez, MA Ade, HW Kilcoyne, DA Hernadez-Cruz, D AF Martin, Zulima Jimenez, Ignacio Angeles Gomez, M. Ade, Harald W. Kilcoyne, David A. Hernadez-Cruz, Daniel TI Spectromicroscopy Study of Intercalation and Exfoliation in Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID COMPATIBILIZED POLYPROPYLENE-NANOCOMPOSITES; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONALIZED POLYPROPYLENES; CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES; ORGANOCLAYS; DISPERSION; MORPHOLOGY; EXTRUSION; POLYMERS AB We present a combined study by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) of the successful formation of nanocomposites of polypropylene with montmorillonite by melt processing, providing a complete picture of the intercalation and exfoliation processes taking place. The nanocomposites contained 5 wt % of an organically modified montmorillonite, and different amounts of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride, used as a polar compatibilizer, Microscopy reveals a complex morphology, with partial intercalation/exfoliation, which depends on the concentration of compatibilizer. STXM spectromicroscopy provides direct information of the presence of different polymer components at the polymer-silicate interfaces and details on the intercalation mechanism. C1 [Martin, Zulima; Angeles Gomez, M.] ICTP CSIC, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Polimeros, Madrid 28006, Spain. [Jimenez, Ignacio] ICMM CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain. [Ade, Harald W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kilcoyne, David A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hernadez-Cruz, Daniel] McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, BIMR, Hamilton, ON L85 4M1, Canada. RP Martin, Z (reprint author), ICTP CSIC, Inst Ciencia & Tecnol Polimeros, Juan Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain. EM zmartin@ictp.csic.es RI Jimenez, Ignacio/F-7422-2010; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; GOMEZ-FATOU RODRIGUEZ, MARIAN/C-9900-2012; Kilcoyne, David/I-1465-2013; OI Jimenez, Ignacio/0000-0001-5605-3185; GOMEZ-FATOU RODRIGUEZ, MARIAN/0000-0002-0212-0634; Hernandez Cruz, Daniel/0000-0003-4950-7155 FU EU FP6 programme [NMP3-CT-2005-515840]; Spanish MICINN [MAT2006-13167-C01]; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) of Madrid; Director of the Office of Science, Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE [DE-FG02-98ER45737] FX This work has been supported by the I3P-CSIC predoctoral program, and has been partially financed by project FOREMOST (Contract No. NMP3-CT-2005-515840) from the EU FP6 programme, and the Spanish MICINN for national project (MAT2006-13167-C01). We are indebted to J. Gonzalez-Casablanca and R. Castro from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC) of Madrid for their assistance in the use of the TEM. We also acknowledge the assistance of Sufal Swaraj and Benjamin Watts at the BL-5.3.2 STXM of the ALS, which is supported by the Director of the Office of Science, Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at NCSU is supported by DOE Grant DE-FG02-98ER45737. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 32 BP 11160 EP 11165 DI 10.1021/jp9049999 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 479LO UT WOS:000268661100016 PM 19719265 ER PT J AU Li, S Cooper, VR Thonhauser, T Lundqvist, BI Langreth, DC AF Li, Shen Cooper, Valentino R. Thonhauser, T. Lundqvist, Bengt I. Langreth, David C. TI Stacking Interactions and DNA Intercalation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; DEOXYDINUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHATE COMPLEX; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; ANTICANCER AGENT ELLIPTICINE; BASE-PAIRS; PROFLAVINE; ETHIDIUM; BINDING; WATER; DATABASE AB The relationship between stacking interactions and the intercalation of proflavine and ellipticine within DNA is investigated using a nonempirical van der Waals density functional for the correlation energy. Our results, employing a binary stack model, highlight fundamental, qualitative differences between base-pair-base-pair interactions and that of the stacked intercalator-base-pair system. The most notable result is the paucity of torque, which so distinctively defines the twist of DNA. Surprisingly, this model, when combined with a constraint on the twist of the surrounding base-pair steps to match the observed unwinding of the sugar-phosphate backbone, was sufficient for explaining the experimentally observed proflavine intercalator configuration. Our extensive mapping of the potential energy surface of base-pair-intercalator interactions call provide valuable information for future nonempirical studies of DNA intercalation dynamics. C1 [Li, Shen; Cooper, Valentino R.; Thonhauser, T.; Langreth, David C.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Li, Shen] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98019 USA. [Cooper, Valentino R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thonhauser, T.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. [Lundqvist, Bengt I.] Chalmers, Dept Appl Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Li, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM sl2@fhcrc.org RI Lundqvist, Bengt/A-9013-2011; Cooper, Valentino /A-2070-2012 OI Cooper, Valentino /0000-0001-6714-4410 FU D.O.E., Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; [NSF-DMR-0456937]; [NSF-DMR-0801343] FX We thank W. K. Olson for valuable discussions. This work was supported in part by NSF-DMR-0456937 and NSF-DMR-0801343. Work at ORNL was supported by D.O.E., Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 52 TC 82 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 32 BP 11166 EP 11172 DI 10.1021/jp905765c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 479LO UT WOS:000268661100017 PM 19719266 ER PT J AU Nachimuthu, P Kim, YJ Kuchibhatla, SVNT Yu, ZQ Jiang, W Engelhard, MH Shutthanandan, V Szanyi, J Thevuthasan, S AF Nachimuthu, P. Kim, Y. J. Kuchibhatla, S. V. N. T. Yu, Z. Q. Jiang, W. Engelhard, M. H. Shutthanandan, V. Szanyi, Janos Thevuthasan, S. TI Growth and Characterization of Barium Oxide Nanoclusters on YSZ(111) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; NOX STORAGE/REDUCTION CATALYSTS; NSR CATALYSTS; THIN-FILMS; BAO; STORAGE; MECHANISMS; ADSORPTION; DEPOSITION; SCIENCE AB Barium oxide (BaO) was grown on a yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate by oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. In situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have confirmed that BaO grows as clusters on YSZ(111). During and following growth under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, we found BaO remained in single phase. When exposed to ambient conditions, the clusters transformed to BaCO3 and/or Ba(OH)(2) H2O. However, in a few attempts of BaO growth, XRD results show a fairly single-phase cubic BaO with a lattice constant of 0.5418(1) nm. XPS results show that exposing BaO clusters to ambient conditions resulted in the formation of BaCO3 on the surface and partly Ba(OH)(2) throughout the bulk. On the basis of the observations, it is concluded that the BaO nanoclusters grown on YSZ(111) are highly reactive in ambient conditions. C1 [Nachimuthu, P.; Kuchibhatla, S. V. N. T.; Yu, Z. Q.; Jiang, W.; Engelhard, M. H.; Shutthanandan, V.; Szanyi, Janos; Thevuthasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kim, Y. J.] Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Chem Technol, Taejon, South Korea. [Yu, Z. Q.] Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Nachimuthu, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Ponnusamy.Nachimuthu@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The research was performed using the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Biological and Environmental Research, located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PPNL). PNNL is operated for the U.S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 32 BP 14324 EP 14328 DI 10.1021/jp9020068 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 479LQ UT WOS:000268661300041 ER PT J AU Estrella, M Barrio, L Zhou, G Wang, XQ Wang, Q Wen, W Hanson, JC Frenkel, AI Rodriguez, JA AF Estrella, Michael Barrio, Laura Zhou, Gong Wang, Xianqin Wang, Qi Wen, Wen Hanson, Jonathan C. Frenkel, Anatoly I. Rodriguez, Jose A. TI In Situ Characterization of CuFe2O4 and Cu/Fe3O4 Water-Gas Shift Catalysts SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID TIME-RESOLVED CHARACTERIZATION; METAL-OXIDES; REACTION-MECHANISM; COPPER; CU; CELL; HYDROGEN; METHANOL; OXYGEN; CERIA AB Mixtures of copper and iron oxides are used as industrial catalysts for the water-gas shift (WGS, CO + H2O -> H-2 + CO2). In-situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure, and atomic pair distribution function analysis were used to study the reduction of CuFe2O4 with CO and the behavior of CuFe2O4 and Cu/Fe2O3 catalysts under WGS reaction conditions. Metal <-> oxygen <-> metal interactions enhance the stability Of Cu2+ and Fe3+ in the CuFe2O4 lattice, and the mixed-metal oxide is much more difficult to reduce than CuO or Fe2O3. Furthermore, after heating mixtures of CuFe2O4/CuO in the presence of CO or CO/H2O, the cations of CuO migrate into octahedral sites of the CuFe2O4 lattice at temperatures (200-250 degrees C) in which CuO is not stable. Above 250 degrees C, copper leaves the oxide, the occupancy of the octahedral sites in CuFe2O4 decreases, and diffraction lines for metallic Cu appear. From 350 to 450 degrees C, there is a massive reduction of CuFe2O4 with the formation of metallic Cu and Fe3O4. At this point, the sample becomes catalytically active for the production of H-2 from the reaction of H2O with CO. Neutral Cu-0 (i.e., no Cu1+ or Cu2+ cations) is the active species in the catalysts, but interactions with the oxide support cannot be neglected. These studies illustrate the importance of in situ characterization when dealing with mixed-metal oxide WGS catalysts. C1 [Estrella, Michael; Barrio, Laura; Zhou, Gong; Hanson, Jonathan C.; Rodriguez, Jose A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wang, Xianqin] New Jersey Inst Technol, Chem Biol & Pharmaceut Engn Dept, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Wang, Qi; Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Wen, Wen] Chinese Acad Sci, Expt Div, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiat Facil, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201204, Peoples R China. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Zhou, Gong/C-7085-2009; Estrella, Michael/G-3188-2010; Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012; Barrio, Laura/A-9509-2008; Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Barrio, Laura/0000-0003-3496-4329; Barrio, Laura/0000-0002-6919-6414 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Chemical Sciences Division [DE-AC02-98CH10086]; Divisions of Materials and Chemical Sciences of US-DOE; FONICIT [2000001547, G-2005000444]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-03ER15476, DE-FG02-05ER15688]; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium [X1813, X19A] FX The work at BNL was financed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Chemical Sciences Division (DE-AC02-98CH10086). The National Synchrotron Light Source is Supported by the Divisions of Materials and Chemical Sciences of US-DOE. FONICIT financed the work at IVIC (G-2000001547 and G-2005000444). L.B. acknowledges funding by FP7 People program under the project Marie Curie IOF-219674, A.I.F. and QW. acknowledge support by the U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER15476. Beamlines X1813 and X19A are supported in part by the Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium under the U.S. DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15688. NR 66 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 32 BP 14411 EP 14417 DI 10.1021/jp903818q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 479LQ UT WOS:000268661300053 ER PT J AU Vijayakumar, M Kerisit, S Wang, CM Nie, ZM Rosso, KM Yang, ZG Graff, G Liu, J Hu, JZ AF Vijayakumar, M. Kerisit, Sebastien Wang, Chongmin Nie, Zimin Rosso, Kevin M. Yang, Zhenguo Graff, Gordon Liu, Jun Hu, Jianzhi TI Effect of Chemical Lithium Insertion into Rutile TiO2 Nanorods SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LI-INSERTION; STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; LITI2O4 SPINEL; ION INSERTION; ANATASE AB Rutile TiO2 nanorods were synthesized by hydrolysis of TiCl4 followed by a hydrothermal method. Lithium insertion into the rutile nanorods was achieved by a chemical lithium insertion process. The structural evolution of nanostructured rutile upon lithium insertion was characterized by several experimental techniques, namely, XRD, TEM, SAED and Li-6 MAS NMR. The XRD and TEM studies indicate the formation of lithium titanate phase (LixTiO2) during lithium insertion. Additionally, SAED patterns show that the lithium titanate phase has cubic symmetry. Finally, high magnetic field (21.1 T) Li-6 MAS NMR reveals that the lithium titanate phase adopts two different structures depending on lithium content. Taken together, the four techniques consistently show that the insertion of lithium into rutile TiO2 nanorods causes two consecutive structural phase transformations to lithium titanate phases with spinel (Fd (3) over barm) and rocksalt (Fm (3) over barm) structures at x = 0.46 and 0.88, respectively. In addition, the broad line widths in the Li-6 MAS NMR spectrum of the rocksalt phase are indicative of a disordered structure. Density functional theory calculations of the rutile, spinel and rocksalt bulk phases as a function of lithium content corroborate the observed phase transformations. These phase transitions could account for the irreversible capacity loss of nanostructured rutile anodes observed in electrochemical cycling experiments. C1 [Vijayakumar, M.; Kerisit, Sebastien; Wang, Chongmin; Nie, Zimin; Rosso, Kevin M.; Yang, Zhenguo; Graff, Gordon; Liu, Jun; Hu, Jianzhi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hu, JZ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jianzhi.Hu@pnl.gov RI Murugesan, Vijayakumar/C-6643-2011; Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012 OI Murugesan, Vijayakumar/0000-0001-6149-1702; FU Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Battelle Memorial Institute for the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD) of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The TEM & NMR work was carried out at the Environmental and Molecular Science Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER). PNNL is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. We thank Dr. Robert Heck for his help in editorial suggestions and corrections. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 32 BP 14567 EP 14574 DI 10.1021/jp904148z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 479LQ UT WOS:000268661300076 ER PT J AU Kwon, AR Neu, V Matias, V Hanisch, J Huhne, R Freudenberger, J Holzapfel, B Schultz, L Fahler, S AF Kwon, A. R. Neu, V. Matias, V. Haenisch, J. Huehne, R. Freudenberger, J. Holzapfel, B. Schultz, L. Faehler, S. TI Tuning functional properties by plastic deformation SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID B THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ND; MULTILAYERS; DEPOSITION; ANISOTROPY; TEXTURE AB It is well known that a variation of lattice constants can strongly influence the functional properties of materials. Lattice constants can be influenced by external forces; however, most experiments are limited to hydrostatic pressure or biaxial stress. Here, we present an experimental approach that imposes a large uniaxial strain on epitaxially grown films in order to tune their functional properties. A substrate made of a ductile metal alloy covered with a biaxially oriented MgO layer is used as a template for growth of epitaxial films. By applying an external plastic strain, we break the symmetry within the substrate plane compared to the as-deposited state. The consequences of 2% plastic strain are examined for an epitaxial hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B film and are found to result in an elliptical distortion of the in-plane anisotropy below the spin-reorientation temperature. Our approach is a versatile method to study the influence of large plastic strain on various materials, as the MgO(001) layer used is a common substrate for epitaxial growth. C1 [Kwon, A. R.; Neu, V.; Haenisch, J.; Huehne, R.; Freudenberger, J.; Holzapfel, B.; Schultz, L.; Faehler, S.] IFW Dresden, Inst Met Mat, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. [Kwon, A. R.; Schultz, L.] Tech Univ Dresden, Dept Mech Engn, Inst Mat Sci, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Matias, V.; Haenisch, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fahler, S (reprint author), IFW Dresden, Inst Met Mat, POB 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. EM s.faehler@ifw-dresden.de RI Holzapfel, Bernhard/D-3669-2009; Schultz, Ludwig/B-3383-2010; Hanisch, Jens/D-8503-2011; Huhne, Ruben/E-5017-2011; OI Freudenberger, Jens/0000-0002-3432-886X FU DFG [SFB 463] FX We acknowledge H J Klaub for experimental support and financial support by the DFG as a part of SFB 463: 'Rare earth transition metal compounds: structure, magnetism and transport'. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 13 PY 2009 VL 11 AR 083013 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/8/083013 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 483TT UT WOS:000268991800002 ER PT J AU Manfrinetti, P Provino, A Gschneidner, KA AF Manfrinetti, P. Provino, A. Gschneidner, K. A., Jr. TI On the RMgSn rare earth compounds SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE Rare earth compounds; Rare earth magnesium stannides; Thermodynamic properties; Melting points; Crystal structures ID YPTAS STRUCTURE TYPE; SERIES AB A new family of ternary rare earth compounds, RMgSn, has been synthesized and their crystal structures, formation thermodynamics and melting behavior have been studied. All of the rare earth elements (including Y) form the 1: 1: 1 equiatomic phase with Mg and Sn. These compounds crystallize with two different structure types: the RMgSn phases with the light R (R = La, Ce and Pr) adopt the orthorhombic TiNiSi structure type (an ordered derivative of the Co(2)Si-type structure, oP12, space group Prima), while the ones formed by the heavier R (R = Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Lu, plus Y) have the tetragonal CeScSi-type structure (an ordered derivative of the La(2)Sb-type structure, tI12, space group 14/mmm). The observed unit cell volume V(obs) and the mean atomic volume V(obs/n) (where n is the number of atoms in a unit cell) both decrease as expected due to the lanthanide contraction, but following different trends. The volume of formation (Delta V%) becomes more negative on going from La to Lu along the series. All phases have been found to form congruently (including YMgSn and probably LuMgSn). Their melting temperatures decrease from La to Lu, but with different slopes for the two different structure types. Relationships, between the volume of formation and also the melting points with the lanthanide contraction have been examined. The relationship between the former is anomalous compared to that observed for other R(x)M(y) series of compounds, while the latter relationship is consistent with previously published results. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Manfrinetti, P.; Provino, A.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Manfrinetti, P.; Provino, A.] INFM, CNR, LAMIA Lab, I-16152 Genoa, Italy. [Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gschneidner, K. A., Jr.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Manfrinetti, P (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Chim & Chim Ind, Via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. EM chimfis@chimica.unige.it FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX A portion of this work was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division of the US Department of Energy under Contract No, DE-AC02-07CH11358 with Iowa State University. The authors are grateful to Prof. F. Merlo and Dott. M. Pani for helpful discussion. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 482 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.03.178 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 469IY UT WOS:000267891900025 ER PT J AU Botez, CE Martinez, H Tackett, RJ Chianelli, RR Zhang, JZ Zhao, YS AF Botez, Cristian E. Martinez, Heber Tackett, Ronald J. Chianelli, Russell R. Zhang, Jianzhong Zhao, Yusheng TI High-temperature crystal structures and chemical modifications in RbH2PO4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; D-MANNITOL; CSH2PO4; CONDUCTIVITY; KH2PO4 AB We have used laboratory and synchrotron x-ray diffraction to investigate the structural and chemical changes undergone by polycrystalline RbH2PO4 upon heating within the 30-250 degrees C temperature interval. Our data show no evidence of the previously reported onset of partial polymerization at T = 96 degrees C (Park et al 2001 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13 9411) which was proposed as an explanation for the high-temperature proton conductivity enhancement in phosphate-based solid acids. Instead, we found that a tetragonal --> monoclinic polymorphic transition initiates at T approximate to 90 degrees C. The transition is complete at T approximate to 130 degrees C, and the new monoclinic RbH2PO4 polymorph is stable upon further heating to T = 200 degrees C. Moreover, its crystal structure is isomorphic to that of monoclinic CsH2PO4. This remarkable similarity suggests that the microscopic structures and dynamics responsible for the high-temperature superprotonic behavior of RbH2PO4 could be the same as those of its Cs-based counterpart. C1 [Botez, Cristian E.; Martinez, Heber; Tackett, Ronald J.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Chianelli, Russell R.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Chianelli, Russell R.] Univ Texas El Paso, Mat Res Inst, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Zhang, Jianzhong; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Botez, CE (reprint author), Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Phys, 500 W Univ Ave, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. EM cbotez@utep.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU Texas Advanced Research Program [003661-0010-2007]; Research Corporation [7749]; Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [45854-GB10]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX CEB and HM and RJT would like to acknowledge support from the Texas Advanced Research Program under Award no. 003661-0010-2007, the Research Corporation under Award no. 7749, and the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund under Research Grant no. 45854-GB10. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 32 AR 325401 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/32/325401 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 474BU UT WOS:000268258000007 PM 21693965 ER PT J AU Harrison, N McDonald, RD Mielke, CH Bauer, ED Ronning, F Thompson, JD AF Harrison, N. McDonald, R. D. Mielke, C. H. Bauer, E. D. Ronning, F. Thompson, J. D. TI Quantum oscillations in antiferromagnetic CaFe2As2 on the brink of superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; FERMI-SURFACE; 43 K; TEMPERATURE; COMPOUND AB We report quantum oscillation measurements on CaFe2As2 under strong magnetic fields-recently reported to become superconducting under pressures of as little as a kilobar. The largest observed carrier pocket occupies less than 0.05% of the paramagnetic Brillouin zone volume-consistent with Fermi surface reconstruction caused by antiferromagnetism. On comparing several alkaline earth AFe(2)As(2) antiferromagnets (with A = Ca, Sr and Ba), the dependences of the Fermi surface cross-sectional area F-alpha and the effective mass m(alpha)* of the primary observed pocket on the antiferromagnetic/ structural transition temperature T-s are both found to be consistent with the case for quasiparticles in a conventional spin-density wave model. These findings suggest that the recently proposed strain-enhanced superconductivity in these materials occurs within a broadly conventional spin-density wave phase. C1 [Harrison, N.; McDonald, R. D.; Mielke, C. H.; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; OI McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937; Mcdonald, Ross/0000-0002-5819-4739 FU National Science Foundation; State of Florida FX This work is conduced under the auspices the US Department of Energy, while the National HighMagnetic Field Laboratory, where the experiments were conducted, is primarily funded by the National Science Foundation and the State of Florida. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 32 AR 322202 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/32/322202 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 474BU UT WOS:000268258000002 PM 21693960 ER PT J AU Park, YS Widawsky, JR Kamenetska, M Steigerwald, ML Hybertsen, MS Nuckolls, C Venkataraman, L AF Park, Young S. Widawsky, Jonathan R. Kamenetska, Maria Steigerwald, Michael L. Hybertsen, Mark S. Nuckolls, Colin Venkataraman, Latha TI Frustrated Rotations in Single-Molecule Junctions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTANCE; CIRCUITS; AU AB We compare the conductance of 1,4-bis(methylthio)benzene with that of 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene and the conductance of 1,4-bis(methylseleno)benzene with that of 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']diselenophene and show explicitly that the orientation of an Au-S or Au-Se bond relative to the aromatic TT system controls electron transport through conjugated molecules. Specifically, we have found that the conduction pathway connects the Au electrodes to the aromatic pi-system via the chalcogen p lone pairs, and greater overlaps among these components lead to higher conductivity through the molecular junction. C1 [Widawsky, Jonathan R.; Kamenetska, Maria; Venkataraman, Latha] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Park, Young S.; Steigerwald, Michael L.; Nuckolls, Colin] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Park, Young S.; Widawsky, Jonathan R.; Kamenetska, Maria; Nuckolls, Colin; Venkataraman, Latha] Columbia Univ, Ctr Electron Transport Mol Nanostruct, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hybertsen, Mark S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Venkataraman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM lv2117@columbia.edu OI Hybertsen, Mark S/0000-0003-3596-9754; Venkataraman, Latha/0000-0002-6957-6089 FU NSF-NSEC [CHE-0641523]; NYSTAR; Columbia University; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NSF [CHE-0744185]; ACS PRF FX This work was supported primarily by the NSF-NSEC (Award CHE-0641523), by NYSTAR and the Columbia University RISE program, and in part by the DOE (DE-AC02-98CH10886). L.V. thanks NSF (Career Award CHE-0744185) and the ACS PRF. NR 23 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 31 BP 10820 EP + DI 10.1021/ja903731m PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 481JP UT WOS:000268806500013 PM 19722660 ER PT J AU Joh, NH Oberai, A Yang, D Whitelegge, JP Bowie, JU AF Joh, Nathan H. Oberai, Amit Yang, Duan Whitelegge, Julian P. Bowie, James U. TI Similar Energetic Contributions of Packing in the Core of Membrane and Water-Soluble Proteins SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMEMBRANE HELIX; STABILITY; BACTERIORHODOPSIN; ASSOCIATION; RESIDUES AB A major driving force for water-soluble protein folding is the hydrophobic effect, but membrane proteins cannot make use of this stabilizing contribution in the apolar core of the bilayer. It has been proposed that membrane proteins compensate by packing more efficiently. We therefore investigated packing contributions experimentally by observing the energetic and structural consequences of cavity creating mutations in the core of a membrane protein. We observed little difference in the packing energetics of water and membrane soluble proteins. Our results imply that other mechanisms are employed to stabilize the structure of membrane proteins. C1 [Joh, Nathan H.; Oberai, Amit; Yang, Duan; Bowie, James U.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCLA DOE Ctr Genom & Prote, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Whitelegge, Julian P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, NPI Semel Inst, Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Bowie, JU (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCLA DOE Ctr Genom & Prote, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM bowie@mbi.ucla.edu OI , /0000-0003-3221-9325 FU NIH [R01 GM063919, R01 GM081783] FX The authors would like to thank members of the laboratory for helpful comments on the manuscript. The work was supported by NIH Grants R01 GM063919 and R01 GM081783. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 31 BP 10846 EP + DI 10.1021/ja904711k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 481JP UT WOS:000268806500026 PM 19603754 ER PT J AU Jian, X Wasinger, EC Lockard, JV Chen, LX He, C AF Jian, Xing Wasinger, Erik C. Lockard, Jenny V. Chen, Lin X. He, Chuan TI Highly Sensitive and Selective Gold(I) Recognition by a Metalloregulator in Ralstonia metallidurans SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MERR FAMILY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; COPPER; CUER; RESISTANCE; REGULATORS; COMPLEXES; AFFINITY; CRYSTAL; LIGANDS AB A MerR family metalloregulatory protein CupR selectively responds to gold stress in Ralstonia metallidurans. A distorted trigonal geometry appears to be used by CupR to achieve the highly sensitive (K(d) similar to 10(-35) M) and selective recognition of gold (I). C1 [Jian, Xing; He, Chuan] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wasinger, Erik C.; Chen, Lin X.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lockard, Jenny V.; Chen, Lin X.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP He, C (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM chuanhe@uchicago.edu FU NSF CAREER Award [0544546]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-07EI215865] FX We Would like to thank Dr. D. van der Lelie for providing the R. metallidurans CH34 strain, Dr. L. Lan for help with experiments, and Dr. E. I. Solomon for the use of copper(I) K-edge data from model complexes. This work is Supported by an NSF CAREER Award (0544546 to C.H.) and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contracts DE-AC02-06CH11357 (Argonne National Laboratory, the Advanced Photon Source, L.X.C. and E.C.W.) and DE-FG02-07EI215865 (C.H.). NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 31 BP 10869 EP + DI 10.1021/ja904279n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 481JP UT WOS:000268806500035 PM 19606897 ER PT J AU Southon, PD Liu, L Fellows, EA Price, DJ Halder, GJ Chapman, KW Moubaraki, B Murray, KS Letard, JF Kepert, CJ AF Southon, Peter D. Liu, Lang Fellows, Elizabeth A. Price, David J. Halder, Gregory J. Chapman, Karena W. Moubaraki, Boujemaa Murray, Keith S. Letard, Jean-Francois Kepert, Cameron J. TI Dynamic Interplay between Spin-Crossover and Host-Guest Function in a Nanoporous Metal-Organic Framework Material SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION POLYMERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SOLID-STATE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; TRANSITION; PRESSURE; CYANIDE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM AB The nanoporous metal-organic framework [Fe(pz)Ni(CN)(4)], 1 (where pz is pyrazine), exhibits hysteretic spin-crossover at ambient conditions and is robust to the adsorption and desorption of a wide range of small molecular guests, both gases (N(2), O(2), CO(2)) and vapors (methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and toluene). Through the comprehensive analysis of structure, host-guest properties, and spin-crossover behaviors, it is found that this pillared Hofmann system uniquely displays both guest-exchange-induced changes to spin-crossover and spin-crossover-induced changes to host-guest properties, with direct dynamic interplay between these two phenomena. Guest desorption and adsorption cause pronounced changes to the spin-crossover behavior according to a systematic trend in which larger guests stabilize the high-spin state and therefore depress the spin-crossover temperature of the host lattice. When stabilizing the alternate spin state of the host at any given temperature, these processes directly stimulate the spin-crossover process, providing a chemisensing function. Exploitation of the bistability of the host allows the modification of adsorption properties at a fixed temperature through control of the host spin state, with each state shown to display differing chemical affinities to guest sorption. Guest desorption then adsorption, and vice versa, can be used to switch between spin states in the bistable temperature region, adding a guest-dependent memory effect to this system. C1 [Southon, Peter D.; Liu, Lang; Fellows, Elizabeth A.; Price, David J.; Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Halder, Gregory J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chapman, Karena W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Moubaraki, Boujemaa; Murray, Keith S.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Letard, Jean-Francois] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Lab Sci Mol, ICMCB,UPR 9048, F-33608 Pessac, France. RP Kepert, CJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM c.kepert@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Southon, Peter/B-9475-2013; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013; OI Southon, Peter/0000-0001-8097-9340; Kepert, Cameron/0000-0002-6105-9706 NR 62 TC 225 Z9 225 U1 14 U2 89 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 31 BP 10998 EP 11009 DI 10.1021/ja902187d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 481JP UT WOS:000268806500051 PM 19621892 ER PT J AU Tong, GJ Hsiao, SC Carrico, ZM Francis, MB AF Tong, Gary J. Hsiao, Sonny C. Carrico, Zachary M. Francis, Matthew B. TI Viral Capsid DNA Aptamer Conjugates as Multivalent Cell-Targeting Vehicles SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER CELLS; DRUG-DELIVERY; FOLATE RECEPTOR; CONTRAST AGENTS; CLICK CHEMISTRY; SIRNA DELIVERY; TUMOR-CELLS; THERAPEUTICS; PROTEIN; SURFACE AB Nucleic acid aptamers offer significant potential as convenient and evolvable targeting groups for drug delivery. To attach them to the surface of a genome-free viral capsid carrier, an efficient oxidative coupling strategy has been developed. The method involves the periodate-mediated reaction of phenylene diamine substituted oligonucleotides with aniline groups installed on the outer surface of the capsid shells. Up to 60 DNA strands can be attached to each viral capsid with no apparent loss of base-pairing capabilities or protein stability. The ability of the capsids to bind specific cellular targets was demonstrated through the attachment of a 41-nucleotide sequence that targets a tyrosine kinase receptor on Jurkat T cells. After the installation of a fluorescent dye on the capsid interior, capsids bearing the cell-targeting sequence showed significant levels of binding to the cells relative to those of control samples. Colocalization experiments using confocal microscopy indicated that the capsids were endocytosed and trafficked to lysosomes for degradation. These observations suggest that aptamer-labeled capsids could be used for the targeted drug delivery of acid-labile prodrugs that would be preferentially released upon lysosomal acidification. C1 [Francis, Matthew B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Francis, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM francis@cchem.berkeley.edu FU NIH [R01 GM072700]; DOD [BC061995] FX The development of the coupling reaction described in this work was supported by the NIH (R01 GM072700). Our studies of modified viral capsids as targeted imaging agents are supported by the DOD Breast Cancer Research Program (BC061995). Bryan C. Dickinson is gratefully acknowledged for lending his cell imaging expertise, and we thank Carolyn Bertozzi and her research group for cell culture assistance. The Schultz laboratory is gratefully acknowledged for providing the plasmids required to introduce paF using the amber codon suppression technique. NR 57 TC 130 Z9 132 U1 8 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 31 BP 11174 EP 11178 DI 10.1021/ja903857f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 481JP UT WOS:000268806500070 PM 19603808 ER PT J AU Bel, G Nemenman, I AF Bel, Golan Nemenman, Ilya TI Ergodic and non-ergodic anomalous diffusion in coupled stochastic processes SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS; NOISE AB Inspired by problems in biochemical kinetics, we study statistical properties of an overdamped Langevin process whose friction coefficient depends on the state of a similar, unobserved process. Integrating out the latter, we derive the long-time behavior of the mean square displacement. Anomalous diffusion is found. Since the diffusion exponent cannot be predicted using a simple scaling argument, anomalous scaling appears as well. We also find that the coupling can lead to ergodic or non-ergodic behavior of the studied process. We compare our theoretical predictions with numerical simulations and find an excellent agreement. The findings caution against treating biochemical systems coupled with unobserved dynamical degrees of freedom by means of standard, diffusive Langevin descriptions. C1 [Bel, Golan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bel, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM golanbel@lanl.gov RI Bel, Golan/C-6528-2008; BEL, GOLAN/F-1573-2012; OI Bel, Golan/0000-0002-3307-9478; BEL, GOLAN/0000-0002-3307-9478; Nemenman, Ilya/0000-0003-3024-4244 FU LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program FX We thank E Barkai and A Zilman for stimulating discussions and LANL Center for Nonlinear Studies for support and for striving to maintain an island of sanity in the increasingly more complex environment. This work was funded by LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 11 AR 083009 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/11/8/083009 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 482JT UT WOS:000268883100002 ER PT J AU Adolf, DB Chambers, RS Neidigk, MA AF Adolf, Douglas B. Chambers, Robert S. Neidigk, Matthew A. TI A simplified potential energy clock model for glassy polymers SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear viscoelasticity; Potential energy clock; Yield ID NONLINEAR VISCOELASTIC APPROACH; THERMODYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT; FREE-VOLUME; KINETICS AB The potential energy clock (PEC) model for glassy polymers derived previously was shown to predict accurately a broad range of responses including temperature-dependent yield in different modes of deformation, enthalpy relaxation, volume recovery, and aging of the yield stress. It was, however, somewhat difficult to parameterize and employ computationally, and these points may affect its implementation and use. To facilitate acceptance, the model has been greatly simplified by keeping only necessary terms and employing some approximations. The resulting simplified potential energy clock (SPEC) model is quite easily computed and parameterized, yet faithfully reproduces the predictions of the full potential energy clock model implying that experimental responses are still accurately predicted. Such comparisons between the new model, old model, and data are presented as well as new predictions for creep. Again, the predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Adolf, Douglas B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Mfg Sci & Technol Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chambers, Robert S.; Neidigk, Matthew A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Adolf, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mfg Sci & Technol Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dbadolf@sandia.gov; rschamb@sandia.gov; maneidi@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 EI 1873-2291 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 50 IS 17 BP 4257 EP 4269 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.06.068 PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 482EF UT WOS:000268866400014 ER PT J AU Sivasankar, S Zhang, YX Nelson, WJ Chu, S AF Sivasankar, Sanjeevi Zhang, Yunxiang Nelson, W. James Chu, Steven TI Characterizing the Initial Encounter Complex in Cadherin Adhesion SO STRUCTURE LA English DT Article ID CELL-ADHESION; CLASSICAL CADHERINS; C-CADHERIN; MECHANISM; CATENINS; COOPERATIVITY; MORPHOGENESIS; CALCIUM; DOMAIN AB Cadherins are Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion proteins with an extracellular region of five domains (EC1 to EC5). Adhesion is mediated by "strand swapping" of a conserved tryptophan residue in position 2 between EC1 domains of opposing cadherins, but the formation of this structure is not well understood. Using single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer and single-molecule force measurements with the atomic force microscope, we demonstrate that cadherins initially interact via EC1 domains without swapping tryptophan-2 to form a weak Ca(2+) dependent initial encounter complex that has 25% of the bond strength of a strand-swapped dimer. We suggest that cadherin dimerization proceeds via an induced fit mechanism where the monomers first form a tryptophan-2 independent initial encounter complex and then undergo subsequent conformational changes to form the final strand-swapped dimer. C1 [Sivasankar, Sanjeevi] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sivasankar, Sanjeevi; Chu, Steven] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sivasankar, Sanjeevi; Chu, Steven] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Yunxiang] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nelson, W. James] Stanford Univ, Dept Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nelson, W. James] Stanford Univ, Dept Mol & Cellular Physiol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chu, Steven] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chu, Steven] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Sivasankar, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sivasank@iastate.edu; The.secretary@hq.doe.gov OI Sivasankar, Sanjeevi/0000-0003-2593-0477 FU NSF; NASA; AFOSR; NIH [RO1 GM35527] FX Work in the Chu lab is supported by grants from NSF, NASA, and AFOSR. Work in the Nelson lab is supported by NIH RO1 GM35527. We thank Agilent Technologies for their generous loan of an AFM 5500. NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0969-2126 J9 STRUCTURE JI Structure PD AUG 12 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 8 BP 1075 EP 1081 DI 10.1016/j.str.2009.06.012 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 486VR UT WOS:000269229100008 PM 19646884 ER PT J AU Kung, Y Doukov, TI Seravalli, J Ragsdale, SW Drennan, CL AF Kung, Yan Doukov, Tzanko I. Seravalli, Javier Ragsdale, Stephen W. Drennan, Catherine L. TI Crystallographic Snapshots of Cyanide- and Water-Bound C-Clusters from Bifunctional Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase/Acetyl-CoA Synthase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-STRUCTURE; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOACETICUM; ACTIVE-SITE; RESONANCE RAMAN; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; CARBOXYDOTHERMUS-HYDROGENOFORMANS; NI-4FE-5S CLUSTER; ENZYME COMPLEX; BINDING; NICKEL AB Nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODHs) reversibly catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and are of vital importance in the global carbon cycle. The unusual catalytic CODH C-cluster has been crystallographically characterized as either a NiFe(4)S(4) or a NiFe(4)S(5) metal center, the latter containing a fifth, additional Sulfide that bridges Ni and a unique Fe site. To determine whether this bridging sulfide is catalytically relevant and to further explore the mechanism of the C-cluster, we obtained crystal structures of the 310 kDa bifunctional CODH/acetyl-CoA synthase complex from Moorella thermoacetica bound both with I substrate H(2)O/OH(-) molecule and with a cyanide inhibitor. X-ray diffraction data were collected from native crystals and from identical crystals soaked in a solution containing potassium cyanide. In both structures, the substrate H(2)O/OH(-) molecule exhibits binding to the unique Fe site of the C-cluster. We also observe cyanide binding in a bent conformation to Ni of the C-cluster, adjacent the substrate H(2)O/OH(-) molecule. Importantly, the bridging sulfide is not present in either structure. As these forms of the C-cluster represent the coordination environment immediately before the reaction takes place, Our Findings do not support a fifth, bridging sulfide playing a catalytic role in the enzyme mechanism. The crystal Structures presented here, along with recent structures of CODHs from other organisms, have led LIS toward a unified mechanism for CO oxidation by the C-cluster, the catalytic center of an environmentally important enzyme. C1 [Kung, Yan; Doukov, Tzanko I.; Drennan, Catherine L.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Drennan, Catherine L.] MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Drennan, Catherine L.] MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Doukov, Tzanko I.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Seravalli, Javier] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Ragsdale, Stephen W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Biol Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Drennan, CL (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cdrennan@mit.edu FU NIH [GM69857, GM39451]; MIT Energy Initiative FX This work is supported by NIH Grants GM69857 (C.L.D.) and GM39451 (S.W.R.) and the MIT Energy Initiative. NR 60 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 31 BP 7432 EP 7440 DI 10.1021/bi900574h PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 477MP UT WOS:000268523500010 PM 19583207 ER PT J AU Derbyshire, ER Fernhoff, NB Deng, S Marletta, MA AF Derbyshire, Emily R. Fernhoff, Nathaniel B. Deng, Sarah Marletta, Michael A. TI Nucleotide Regulation of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Substrate Specificity SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID YC-1 BINDING-SITE; NITRIC-OXIDE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ENZYME; ACTIVATION; ADENYLYL; DOMAINS; ATP AB Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) serves as a receptor for the signaling agent nitric oxide (NO). sGC synthesis of cGMP is regulated by NO, GTP, ATP, and allosteric activators such as YC-1. The guanylate cyclase activity and adenylate cyclase activity of full-length sGC and the sGC catalytic domain constructs (alpha 1(cat)beta 1(cat)) are reported here. ATP is it mixed-type inhibitor of cGMP production for both sGC and alpha 1(cat)beta 1(cat), indicating that the C-terminus of sGC contains an allosteric nucleotide binding site. YC-1 did not activate alpha 1(cat)beta 1(cat), or compete with ATP inhibition ofcGMP synthesis, which suggests that YC-1 and ATP bind to distinct sites. alpha 1(cat)beta 1(cat), and NO-stimulated sGC also synthesize cAMP, but this activity is inhibited by ATP via noncompetitive substrate inhibition and by GTP via mixed-type inhibition. Additionally, the adenylate cyclase activity of purified sGC was inhibited by PC12 lysate, suggesting that an intracellular small molecule or protein regulates this activity in vivo. C1 [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Inst QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Deng, Sarah] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Inst QB3, 570 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM077365] FX Funding was provided by National Institutes of Health Grant GM077365 to M.A.M. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 31 BP 7519 EP 7524 DI 10.1021/bi900696x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 477MP UT WOS:000268523500020 PM 19527054 ER PT J AU Jen-La Plante, I Habas, SE Yuhas, BD Gargas, DJ Mokari, T AF Jen-La Plante, Ilan Habas, Susan E. Yuhas, Benjamin D. Gargas, Daniel J. Mokari, Taleb TI Interfacing Metal Nanoparticles with Semiconductor Nanowires SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE GROWTH; NANORODS; CDS; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCRYSTALS; BINARY; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PHOTODEPOSITION; POINT; RODS AB We demonstrate the overgrowth of Au on CdSe nanowires with control over An crystal morphology upon increasing addition of An precursor. Extending this overgrowth technique to catalytically active metals and binary metal systems (Pt, PtCo, and PtNi) exemplifies the broader range of these metal-semiconductor hybrid nanomaterials. Structural and compositional characterization was carried out by low- and high-resolution TEM, EDS analysis, and XRD. Magnetic characterization of the PtCo binary metal hybrid systems was conducted using SQUID magneto-metry. Changes in the optical properties of the decorated materials compared to the as-made CdSe nanowires confirm the presence of electronic coupling at the metal-semiconductor interface, an important material property for photocatalytic applications. C1 [Jen-La Plante, Ilan; Habas, Susan E.; Mokari, Taleb] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yuhas, Benjamin D.; Gargas, Daniel J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mokari, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tmokari@lbl.gov RI Jen-La Plante, Ilan/C-1500-2010; MOKARI, TALEB/F-1685-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Work at the molecular Foundry was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Prof. Peidong Yang for useful discussion. We thank Prof. Jeff Long for the use of tile SQUID magnetometer. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 15 BP 3662 EP 3667 DI 10.1021/cm900775w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 477MN UT WOS:000268523300026 ER PT J AU Maxwell, RM Tompson, AFB Kollet, S AF Maxwell, Reed M. Tompson, Andrew F. B. Kollet, Stefan TI A serendipitous, long-term infiltration experiment: Water and tritium circulation beneath the CAMBRIC trench at the Nevada Test Site SO JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Vadose zone; Heterogeneity; Isotopic ages; Parallel computer modeling ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION; GROUNDWATER; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Underground nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site introduced numerous radionuclides that may be used subsequently to characterize subsurface hydrologic transport processes in and climates. In 1965, a unique, 16-year pumping experiment designed to examine radionuclide migration away from the CAMBRIC nuclear test, conducted in the saturated zone beneath Frenchman Flat, Nevada. USA, gave rise to an unintended second experiment involving radionuclide infiltration through the vadose zone, as induced by seepage of pumping effluents beneath an unlined discharge trench. The combined experiments have been reanalyzed using a detailed, three-dimensional numerical model of transient, variably saturated flow and mass transport in a heterogeneous subsurface, tailored specifically for large-scale and efficient calculations. Simulations have been used to estimate tritium travel and residence times in various parts of the system for comparison with observations in wells. Model predictions of mass transport were able to clearly demonstrate radionuclide recycling behavior between the trench and pumping well previously suggested by isotopic age dating information; match travel time estimates for radionuclides moving between the trench. the water table, and monitoring and pumping wells; and provide more realistic ways in which to interpret the pumping well elution curves. Collectively, the results illustrate the utility of integrating detailed numerical modeling with diverse observational data in developing more accurate interpretations of contaminant migration processes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Maxwell, Reed M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tompson, Andrew F. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kollet, Stefan] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RP Maxwell, RM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geol & Geol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rmaxwell@mines.edu RI Maxwell, Reed/D-7980-2013 OI Maxwell, Reed/0000-0002-1364-4441 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U. S. Department of Energy; National Nuclear Security Administration; Nevada Site Office FX The authors are grateful to G. Pawloski, J. Hunt and an anonymous reviewer for comments that greatly improved the clarity and quality of this manuscript. Portions of this work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was funded by the Underground Test Area Sub-Project, U. S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, Nevada Site Office. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7722 J9 J CONTAM HYDROL JI J. Contam. Hydrol. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 12 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.05.002 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 491LG UT WOS:000269579700002 PM 19501933 ER PT J AU Wu, P Winske, D Gary, SP Schwadron, NA Lee, MA AF Wu, P. Winske, D. Gary, S. P. Schwadron, N. A. Lee, M. A. TI Energy dissipation and ion heating at the heliospheric termination shock SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PERPENDICULAR BOW SHOCK; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; GYRATING IONS; COLLISIONLESS; HELIOSHEATH; SIMULATIONS; VOYAGER-1; SPECTRUM AB The Los Alamos hybrid simulation code is used to examine heating and the partition of dissipation energy at the perpendicular heliospheric termination shock in the presence of pickup ions. The simulations are one-dimensional in space but three-dimensional in field and velocity components, and are carried out for a range of values of pickup ion relative density. Results from the simulations show that because the solar wind ions are relatively cold upstream, the temperature of these ions is raised by a relatively larger factor than the temperature of the pickup ions. An analytic model for energy partition is developed on the basis of the Rankine-Hugoniot relations and a polytropic energy equation. The polytropic index gamma used in the Rankine-Hugoniot relations is varied to improve agreement between the model and the simulations concerning the fraction of downstream heating in the pickup ions as well as the compression ratio at the shock. When the pickup ion density is less than 20%, the polytropic index is about 5/3, whereas for pickup ion densities greater than 20%, the polytropic index tends toward 2.2, suggesting a fundamental change in the character of the shock, as seen in the simulations, when the pickup ion density is large. The model and the simulations both indicate for the upstream parameters chosen for Voyager 2 conditions that the pickup ion density is about 25% and the pickup ions gain the larger share ( approximately 90%) of the downstream thermal pressure, consistent with Voyager 2 observations near the shock. C1 [Wu, P.; Winske, D.; Gary, S. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Lee, M. A.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wu, P.; Schwadron, N. A.] Boston Univ, Dept Astron, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Wu, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat ISR 1, Mail Stop D466,Grp ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nanopenny@gmail.com; winske@lanl.gov; pgary@lanl.gov; nathanas@bu.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA; NSF-SHINE [ATM-0550905] FX The authors thank Gary Zank, Sandra Chapman, Joe Giacalone, Herb Funsten, Jack Gosling, Chuck Goodrich, Harald Kucharek, John Richardson, and Dave McComas for helpful discussions. The Los Alamos portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy DOE and was supported by the Solar and Heliospheric Physics SR& T Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA. The Boston University portion is funded and supported by the NASA Intersteller Boundary Explorer IBEX) mission, which is part of the Goddard Space Flight Center GSFC) Explorer Program. We also acknowledge support from an NSF-SHINE grant Dynamical Properties of Suprathermal Ions in the 3-D Heliosphere, ATM-0550905). NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 114 AR A08103 DI 10.1029/2009JA014240 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 484HJ UT WOS:000269034600003 ER PT J AU Grubjesic, S Seifert, S Firestone, MA AF Grubjesic, Simonida Seifert, Soenke Firestone, Millicent A. TI Cytoskeleton Mimetic Reinforcement of a Self-Assembled N,N '-Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquid Monomer by Copolymerization SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID CUBIC PHASE; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; POLYMER; HYDROGELS; ARCHITECTURE; VESICLE; NANOCAPSULES; ORGANIZATION; MESOPHASES AB Preparation and photopolymerization of a decylmethylimidazolium ionic liquid (IL.) that possesses all acrylate counteranion ire described. This I L monomer self-assembles upon addition of water and can be copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in the presence of it photoinitiator, forming a mechanically durable material that adopts a lamellar structure with in-plane hexagonally ordered pores, as evidenced by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Thermogravimetric analysis, the extent of polymerization, and solubility-swelling studies indicate the formation of a network copolymer of the IL monomer and the PEGDA. Additional evidence for the formation of a nanostructured copolymer is provided by evaluating the product formed by replacement of the IL monomer with the nonpolymerizable analogue, decylmethylimidazolium chloride. The results demonstrate the possibility of designing it self-assembled amiphiphilic bilayer architecture that is reinforced by polymerization and cross-linking. C1 [Grubjesic, Simonida; Firestone, Millicent A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Firestone, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM firestone@anl.gov RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors thank Dr. Byeongdu Lee for valuable discussions on the SAXS data and Professor Tom Irving and Dr. Liang Guo for rapid access and use of the BioCAT, SAXS instrument. We also acknowledge Dr. Sungwon Lee for assistance in rendering the POV ray images. This work was performed under the auspices of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences, United States Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5461 EP 5470 DI 10.1021/ma900905k PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 477MO UT WOS:000268523400014 ER PT J AU Wanakule, NS Panday, A Mullin, SA Gann, E Hexemer, A Balsara, NP AF Wanakule, Nisita S. Panday, Ashoutosh Mullin, Scott A. Gann, Eliot Hexemer, Alex Balsara, Nitash P. TI Ionic Conductivity of Block Copolymer Electrolytes in the Vicinity of Order-Disorder and Order-Order Transitions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ELECTRIC-FIELD ALIGNMENT; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; VARYING SELECTIVITY AB Order-order and order-disorder phase transitions in Mixtures of poly(styrene-block-ethylene oxide) (SEO) copolymers and lithium bis(trifluoromethysulfonimide) (LiTFSI), a common lithium Salt. used in polymer electrolytes, were studied using a combination of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), birefringence, and ac impedance spectroscopy. The SEO/LiTFSI mixtures exhibit lamellar, hexagonally packed cylinders, and gyroid microphases. The molecular weight of the blocks and the salt concentration was adjusted to obtain order-order and order-disorder transition temperatures within the available experimental window. The ionic conductivities of the mixtures. normalized by the ionic conductivity of a 20 kg/mol homopolymer PEO sample at the salt concentration and temperature of interest, were independent of temperature, in spite of the presence of the above-mentioned phase transitions, C1 [Wanakule, Nisita S.; Panday, Ashoutosh; Mullin, Scott A.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Panday, Ashoutosh; Mullin, Scott A.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy & Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gann, Eliot; Hexemer, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Balsara, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Gann, Eliot/A-5246-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR; Vehicle Technologies Program; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Director, Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CHI 1231]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0535644]; Officc of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-06CH 11357] FX This work was conducted within the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BAT-F) Program, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program. N.S.W. Was Supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, orthe U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0205CHI 1231. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under Grant CHE-0535644. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Officc of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DEAC02-06CH 11357. We thank Dr. Enrique Gomez for helpful discussions. NR 63 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5642 EP 5651 DI 10.1021/ma900401a PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 477MO UT WOS:000268523400037 ER PT J AU He, LL Smith, HL Majewski, J Fujimoto, CH Cornelius, CJ Perahia, D AF He, Lilin Smith, Hillary L. Majewski, Jaroslaw Fujimoto, Cy H. Cornelius, Christopher J. Perahia, Dvora TI Interfacial Effects on Water Penetration into Ultrathin Ionomer Films: An in Situ Study Using Neutron Reflectometry SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TOTAL REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD GRADIENT NMR; POLYMER-FILMS; DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS; MOISTURE ABSORPTION; RAY REFLECTIVITY; X-RAY; MEMBRANES; THIN; POLYELECTROLYTE AB Water penetration into thin sulfonated polyphenylene (sPP) ionomer Films was investigated as a function of time, ionic strength, and film thickness by neutron reflectometry (NR). Understanding the role interfacial effects have on transport across ionic membranes is critical to the design of new responsive thin layers for a variety of applications from fuel cell membranes to protective cloths and water purification. At steady state, a nonuniform distribution of water molecules was observed with a high concentration at the air-polymer interface. An excess of water was also found at the polymer-silicon interface. The mass uptake is initially linear with t(0.5) but crosses over to an anomalous process with extended exposure periods. A delay time for the onset of diffusion is observed and is interpreted in terms of interfacial barrier to diffusion. C1 [He, Lilin; Perahia, Dvora] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Smith, Hillary L.; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fujimoto, Cy H.; Cornelius, Christopher J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Perahia, D (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM dperahi@ces.clemson.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI He, Lilin/0000-0002-9560-8101 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46456, W7405-ENG-36]; UnitedStates Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lujan Center; DOE Office of Basic Energy Science FX We thank DOE for partial funding support under Contract DE-FG02-07ER46456.T Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation,a Lockheed Martin Company, for the UnitedStates Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration is acknowledged for support under DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was supported by Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lujan Center under DOE Contract W7405-ENG-36, the DOE Office of Basic Energy Science. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5745 EP 5751 DI 10.1021/ma900973f PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 477MO UT WOS:000268523400048 ER PT J AU Tung, SH Xu, T AF Tung, Shih-Huang Xu, Ting TI Templated Assembly of Block Copolymer toward Nonequilibrium Nanostructures in Thin Films SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; ARRAYS; LITHOGRAPHY; MICROSTRUCTURE; SUPRAMOLECULES; GRAPHOEPITAXY; MORPHOLOGIES; ALIGNMENT; FIELDS AB We report a simple route to generate nonequilibrium nanostructures combining two known block copolymer (BCP) morphologies by first templating the spatial arrangement of BCP in thin films using a supramolecule. The BCP subsequently assembles within the morphological framework established by the supramolecule, leading to a templated, nonequilibrium nanostructures not accessible by the BCP alone. Thin Films with hexagonally packed cylindrical domains oriented normal to the surface were formed initially by the self-assembly of the diblock copolymer-based supramolecules, comprised of symmetric polystyrene-b-poly-(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) with 3-pentadecylphenol (PDP) hydrogen-bonded to the 4VP. After selective removal of similar to 90% of the PDP and a brief solvent annealing in a chloroform atmosphere, symmetric PS-b-P4VP, containing a trace amount of PDP, self-assembled forming polygonal (dominantly hexagonal) microdomains oriented normal to the surface. This process reported should c applicable to the large library of copolymer-based supramolecules and enables the generation of novel nonequilibrium nanostructured morphologies. It also provides a new platform to study the pathway-dependent self-assembly in polymer thin films. C1 [Tung, Shih-Huang; Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tingxu@berkeley.edu RI Tung, Shih-Huang/C-6832-2013; OI Tung, Shih-Huang/0000-0002-6787-4955 FU Army Research Office at Department of Defense [W911NF-07-1-0653]; Division of Material Research, National Science Foundation(NSF-DMR) [0805301] FX We acknowledge Dr. Alexander Hexemer and Mr. Eliot Gann at ALS for facilitating GISAXS experiments. We thank Mr. Kris Erickson and Prof. Zettl in the Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, for facilitating the ATR FT-IR experiments. This work was jointly supported by the Short-term Innovative Research Grant from Army Research Office at Department of Defense under Contract W911NF-07-1-0653 and the Division of Material Research, National Science Foundation(NSF-DMR), under Contract 0805301. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5761 EP 5765 DI 10.1021/ma900497j PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 477MO UT WOS:000268523400050 ER PT J AU Aieta, NV Stanis, RJ Horan, JL Yandrasits, MA Cookson, DJ Ingham, B Toney, MF Hamrock, SJ Herring, AM AF Aieta, Niccolo V. Stanis, Ronald J. Horan, James L. Yandrasits, Michael A. Cookson, David. J. Ingham, Bridget Toney, Michael F. Hamrock, Steven J. Herring, Andrew M. TI Clipped Random Wave Morphologies and the Analysis of the SAXS of an Ionomer Formed by Copolymerization of Tetrafluoroethylene and CF2=CFO(CF2)(4)SO3H SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; POWER-LAW APPROACH; HYDRATED MORPHOLOGIES; NAFION MEMBRANES; X-RAY; TRANSPORT; WATER; SWOLLEN AB Using SAXS data, the microstructure of the ionomer formed by copolymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and CF2=CFO(CF2)(4)SO3H films has been approached by two methods: a numerical method (the unified fit approach) utilizing a simple model of spherical scattering objects to determine the radius of gyration of different scattering features of the ionomer films and by a graphical method, the clipped random wave approach (CRW), using the scattering data and a porosity parameter to generate a random wave which is clipped to produce a real-space image of the microstructure. We studied films with EW of 733, 825, 900,and 1082 in both the as-cast and annealed "dry" and boiled "wet" states. The results of the two data analysis techniques are in good size agreement with each other. In addition, the CRW model show striking similarities to the structure proposed in a recent dissipative particle dynamic models. This has been the first time to our knowledge that the CRW technique has been applied to a PFSA type ionomer. C1 [Aieta, Niccolo V.; Stanis, Ronald J.; Horan, James L.; Herring, Andrew M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yandrasits, Michael A.; Hamrock, Steven J.] 3M Co, Fuel Cell Components Program 3M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Cookson, David. J.] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Ingham, Bridget] Ind Res Ltd, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Herring, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu RI Herring, Andy/E-7088-2010; OI Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0535644]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FC36-02AL67621] FX ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy tinder Grant CHE-0535644. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The work carried out here was directly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement DE-FC36-02AL67621. DOE support does not constitute an endorsement by DOE of the views expressed in this paper. A.M.H. thanks 3M for a nontenured faculty award. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5774 EP 5780 DI 10.1021/ma900719a PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 477MO UT WOS:000268523400052 ER PT J AU Kozanecki, W Bevan, AJ Viaud, BF Cai, Y Fisher, AS O'Grady, C Lindquist, B Roodman, A Thompson, JM Weaver, M AF Kozanecki, W. Bevan, A. J. Viaud, B. F. Cai, Y. Fisher, A. S. O'Grady, C. Lindquist, B. Roodman, A. Thompson, J. M. Weaver, M. TI Interaction-point phase-space characterization using single-beam and luminous-region measurements at PEP-II SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Luminous region; Phase space; Hourglass; Bunch length; Silicon detector ID DETECTOR AB We present an extensive experimental characterization of the e(+/-) phase space at the interaction point of the SLAC PEP-II B-Factory, that combines a detailed mapping of luminous-region observables using the BABAR detector, with stored-beam measurements by accelerator techniques. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kozanecki, W.] Ctr Etud Saclay, SPP, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bevan, A. J.] Univ London, Dept Phys, London E1 4NS, England. [Viaud, B. F.] Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Cai, Y.; Fisher, A. S.; O'Grady, C.; Lindquist, B.; Roodman, A.; Thompson, J. M.; Weaver, M.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kozanecki, W (reprint author), Ctr Etud Saclay, SPP, IRFU, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM witold.kozanecki@cern.ch FU DOE [DE-AC02-76SFO0515]; NSF (USA); NSERC (Canada); CEA; CNRS-IN2P3 (France); BMBF and DFG (Germany); INFN (Italy); FOM (The Netherlands); NFR (Norway); MES (Russia); MEC (Spain); STFC (United Kingdom); Marie Curie EIF (European Union); A.P. Sloan Foundation FX The work reported here has greatly benefited from the insight, encouragement and intellectual challenges from our accelerator colleagues over the last several years: we would like to thank, in particular, S. Ecklund, J. Seeman, M. Sullivan, U. Wienands and Y. Yan. We are grateful for the excellent luminosity and machine conditions provided by the PEP-II Operations team, as well as for the dedicated efforts by our BABAR collaborators and by the computing organizations that support the SLAC B-Factory program. The collaborating institutions wish to thank SLAC for its support and kind hospitality. This work is supported by DOE and NSF (USA), NSERC (Canada), CEA and CNRS-IN2P3 (France), BMBF and DFG (Germany), INFN (Italy), FOM (The Netherlands), NFR (Norway), MES (Russia), MEC (Spain), and STFC (United Kingdom). Individuals received support from the Marie Curie EIF (European Union) and the A.P. Sloan Foundation. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 607 IS 2 BP 293 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.05.046 PG 29 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 487PA UT WOS:000269285700003 ER PT J AU Abat, E Abdallah, JM Addy, TN Adragna, P Aharrouche, M Ahmad, A Akesson, TPA Aleksa, M Alexa, C Anderson, K Anghinolfi, F Antonaki, A Arabidze, G Arik, E Baker, OK Banfi, D Baron, S Beck, HP Belhorma, B Benchekroun, D Benjamin, DP Benslama, K Kuutmann, EB Bertelsen, H Binet, S Biscarat, C Boldea, V Bondarenko, VG Boonekamp, M Bosman, M Bourdarios, C Chromek, DB Bychkov, V Callahan, J Calvet, D Canneri, M Garrido, MC Caprini, M Sas, LC Carli, T Carminati, L Carvalho, J Cascella, M Castillo, MV Catinaccio, A Sforza, MC Cavalli, D Cavasinni, V Cetin, SA Chen, H Cherkaoui, R Chevallier, F Ciobotaru, M Citterio, M Cleland, B Cogneras, E Muino, PC Consonni, M Constantinescu, S Cornelissen, T Radu, AC Costa, G Cwetanski, P Da Silva, D Dam, M Danielsson, HO Dannheim, D Davidek, T De, K Defay, PO Dekhissi, B Del Peso, J Delmastro, M Del Prete, T Derue, F Di Ciaccio, L Di Girolamo, B Dita, S Dittus, F Djama, F Djobava, T Dobson, M Dolgoshein, BA Dotti, A Drake, G Dressnandt, N Driouchi, C Ebenstein, WL Eerola, P Efthymiopoulos, I Egorov, K Eifert, TF El Kacimi, M Etienvre, AI Fabich, A Fakhr-Edine, AI Fanti, M Farbin, A Farthouat, P Fassouliotis, D Fayard, L Febbraro, R Fedin, OL Fenyuk, A Ferrari, R Ferreira, BC Ferrer, A Filippini, G Fournier, D Francavilla, P Francis, D Froeschl, R Froidevaux, D Fullana, E Gadomski, S Gagnon, P Gameiro, S Garcia, R Ghodbane, N Giakoumopoulou, V Giangiobbe, V Giokaris, N Glonti, G Gollub, N Gomes, A Gomez, MD Gorini, B Goujdami, D Grahn, KJ Grenier, P Grigalashvili, N Grishkevich, Y Gruwe, M Guicheney, C Gupta, A Haeberli, C Hajduk, Z Hakobyan, H Hance, M Hansen, PH Harvey, A Correia, AH Hervas, L Higon, E Hoffman, J Hostachy, JY Hruska, I Hubaut, F Hulsbergen, W Hurwitz, M Iconomidou-Fayard, L Jen-La Plante, I Johansson, PDC Jon-And, K Joos, M Jorgensen, S Kaczmarska, A Kado, M Karyukhin, A Kataoka, M Kayumov, F Kazarov, A Keener, PT Kekelidze, GD Kerschen, N Khoriauli, G Khramov, E Khristachev, A Khubua, J Kittelmann, TH Klinkby, E Koffas, T Kolos, S Konovalov, SP Kopikov, S Korolkov, I Kovalenko, S Kowalski, TZ Kruger, K Kramarenko, V Kudin, LG Kulchitsky, Y Lafaye, R Laforge, B Lampl, W Lanni, F Laplace, S Le Bihan, AC Lechowski, M Ledroit-Guillon, F Lehmann, G Leitner, R Lelas, D Liang, Z Liang, Z Lichard, P Lokajicek, M Louchard, L Loureiro, K Lucotte, A Luehring, F Lundberg, B Lund-Jensen, B Ma, H Mackeprang, R Maio, A Maleev, VP Malek, F Maneira, J Mandelli, L Mazzanti, M Manousakis, A Mapelli, L Marques, C Martin, F Mazzanti, M McFarlane, KW Mchedlidze, G McPherson, R Meirosu, C Meng, Z Miagkov, A Mialkovski, V Milstead, D Minashvili, I Mindur, B Mitsou, VA Monnier, E Morozov, SV Mosidze, M Mouraviev, SV Munar, A Nadtochi, AV Negri, A Nemecek, S Nessi, M Nesterov, SY Newcomer, FM Nikitine, I Nikolic-Audit, I Ogren, H Oh, SH Oleshko, SB Olszowska, J Onofre, A Aranda, CP Paganis, S Pallin, D Pantea, D Paolone, V Parsons, J Pasqualucci, E Passmore, MS Patrichev, S Peez, M Reale, VP Perini, L Peshekhonov, VD Petersen, J Petersen, TC Petti, R Pilcher, J Pina, J Pinto, B Podlyski, F Poggioli, L Poveda, J Pralavorio, P Pribyl, L Price, MJ Prieur, D Puigdengoles, C Puzo, P Rajagopalan, S Rembser, C Ridel, M Riu, I Roda, C Rohne, O Romaniouk, A Rousseau, D Ruiz, A Rusakovich, N Rust, D Ryabov, YF Ryjov, V Salto, O Salvachua, B Rios, CS Santoni, C Saraiva, JG Sarri, F Sauvage, G Says, LP Schaefer, M Schegelsky, VA Schlager, G Schlereth, J Schmitt, C Schwemling, P Schwindling, J Seixas, JM Seliverstov, DM Serin, L Shalanda, N Shin, T Shmeleva, A Silva, J Simion, S Simonyan, M Sloper, JE Smirnov, SY Smirnova, L Solans, C Solodkov, A Solovianov, O Soloviev, I Sosnovtsev, VV Spano, F Speckmeyer, P Stancu, S Stanek, R Starchenko, E Straessner, A Suchkov, SI Suk, M Szczygiel, RR Tarrade, F Tartarelli, F Tas, P Tayalati, Y Teuscher, R Thioye, M Tikhomirov, VO Tisserant, S Tremblet, L Tsiareshka, P Unal, G Unel, G Usai, G Valero, A Valkar, S Valls, JA Van Berg, R Vandelli, W Vannucci, F Vartapetian, A Vassilakopoulos, VI Vassilieva, L Vazeille, F Vetter-Cole, Y Vichou, I Vinogradov, V Vivarelli, I Volpi, M Wang, C Werner, P Wheeler, S Wiesmann, M Wilkens, H Williams, HH Wingerter-Seez, I Yasu, Y Zaitsev, A Zenin, A Zenis, T Zenonos, Z Zhang, H Zhou, N AF Abat, E. Abdallah, J. M. Addy, T. N. Adragna, P. Aharrouche, M. Ahmad, A. Akesson, T. P. A. Aleksa, M. Alexa, C. Anderson, K. Anghinolfi, F. Antonaki, A. Arabidze, G. Arik, E. Baker, O. K. Banfi, D. Baron, S. Beck, H. P. Belhorma, B. Benchekroun, D. Benjamin, D. P. Benslama, K. Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas Bertelsen, H. Binet, S. Biscarat, C. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V. G. Boonekamp, M. Bosman, M. Bourdarios, C. Chromek, D. Burckhart Bychkov, V. Callahan, J. Calvet, D. Canneri, M. Garrido, M. Capeans Caprini, M. Sas, L. Cardiel Carli, T. Carminati, L. Carvalho, J. Cascella, M. Castillo, M. V. Catinaccio, A. Cavalli Sforza, M. Cavalli, D. Cavasinni, V. Cetin, S. A. Chen, H. Cherkaoui, R. Chevallier, F. Ciobotaru, M. Citterio, M. Cleland, B. Cogneras, E. Muino, P. Conde Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Cornelissen, T. Radu, A. Corso Costa, G. Cwetanski, P. Da Silva, D. Dam, M. Danielsson, H. O. Dannheim, D. Davidek, T. De, K. Defay, P. O. Dekhissi, B. Del Peso, J. Delmastro, M. Del Prete, T. Derue, F. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Girolamo, B. Dita, S. Dittus, F. Djama, F. Djobava, T. Dobson, M. Dolgoshein, B. A. Dotti, A. Drake, G. Dressnandt, N. Driouchi, C. Ebenstein, W. L. Eerola, P. Efthymiopoulos, I. Egorov, K. Eifert, T. F. El Kacimi, M. Etienvre, A. I. Fabich, A. Fakhr-Edine, A. I. Fanti, M. Farbin, A. Farthouat, P. Fassouliotis, D. Fayard, L. Febbraro, R. Fedin, O. L. Fenyuk, A. Ferrari, R. Ferreira, B. C. Ferrer, A. Filippini, G. Fournier, D. Francavilla, P. Francis, D. Froeschl, R. Froidevaux, D. Fullana, E. Gadomski, S. Gagnon, P. Gameiro, S. Garcia, R. Ghodbane, N. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giangiobbe, V. Giokaris, N. Glonti, G. Gollub, N. Gomes, A. Gomez, M. D. Gorini, B. Goujdami, D. Grahn, K. J. Grenier, P. Grigalashvili, N. Grishkevich, Y. Gruwe, M. Guicheney, C. Gupta, A. Haeberli, C. Hajduk, Z. Hakobyan, H. Hance, M. Hansen, P. H. Harvey, A., Jr. Correia, A. Henriques Hervas, L. Higon, E. Hoffman, J. Hostachy, J. Y. Hruska, I. Hubaut, F. Hulsbergen, W. Hurwitz, M. Iconomidou-Fayard, L. Jen-La Plante, I. Johansson, P. D. C. Jon-And, K. Joos, M. Jorgensen, S. Kaczmarska, A. Kado, M. Karyukhin, A. Kataoka, M. Kayumov, F. Kazarov, A. Keener, P. T. Kekelidze, G. D. Kerschen, N. Khoriauli, G. Khramov, E. Khristachev, A. Khubua, J. Kittelmann, T. H. Klinkby, E. Koffas, T. Kolos, S. Konovalov, S. P. Kopikov, S. Korolkov, I. Kovalenko, S. Kowalski, T. Z. Krueger, K. Kramarenko, V. Kudin, L. G. Kulchitsky, Y. Lafaye, R. Laforge, B. Lampl, W. Lanni, F. Laplace, S. Le Bihan, A. C. Lechowski, M. Ledroit-Guillon, F. Lehmann, G. Leitner, R. Lelas, D. Liang, Z. Liang, Z. Lichard, P. Lokajicek, M. Louchard, L. Loureiro, K. Lucotte, A. Luehring, F. Lundberg, B. Lund-Jensen, B. Ma, H. Mackeprang, R. Maio, A. Maleev, V. P. Malek, F. Maneira, J. Mandelli, L. Mazzanti, M. Manousakis, A. Mapelli, L. Marques, C. Martin, F. Mazzanti, M. McFarlane, K. W. Mchedlidze, G. McPherson, R. Meirosu, C. Meng, Z. Miagkov, A. Mialkovski, V. Milstead, D. Minashvili, I. Mindur, B. Mitsou, V. A. Monnier, E. Morozov, S. V. Mosidze, M. Mouraviev, S. V. Munar, A. Nadtochi, A. V. Negri, A. Nemecek, S. Nessi, M. Nesterov, S. Y. Newcomer, F. M. Nikitine, I. Nikolic-Audit, I. Ogren, H. Oh, S. H. Oleshko, S. B. Olszowska, J. Onofre, A. Aranda, C. Padilla Paganis, S. Pallin, D. Pantea, D. Paolone, V. Parsons, J. Pasqualucci, E. Passmore, M. S. Patrichev, S. Peez, M. Reale, V. Perez Perini, L. Peshekhonov, V. D. Petersen, J. Petersen, T. C. Petti, R. Pilcher, J. Pina, J. Pinto, B. Podlyski, F. Poggioli, L. Poveda, J. Pralavorio, P. Pribyl, L. Price, M. J. Prieur, D. Puigdengoles, C. Puzo, P. Rajagopalan, S. Rembser, C. Ridel, M. Riu, I. Roda, C. Rohne, O. Romaniouk, A. Rousseau, D. Ruiz, A. Rusakovich, N. Rust, D. Ryabov, Y. F. Ryjov, V. Salto, O. Salvachua, B. Rios, C. Santamarina Santoni, C. Saraiva, J. G. Sarri, F. Sauvage, G. Says, L. P. Schaefer, M. Schegelsky, V. A. Schlager, G. Schlereth, J. Schmitt, C. Schwemling, P. Schwindling, J. Seixas, J. M. Seliverstov, D. M. Serin, L. Shalanda, N. Shin, T. Shmeleva, A. Silva, J. Simion, S. Simonyan, M. Sloper, J. E. Smirnov, S. Yu. Smirnova, L. Solans, C. Solodkov, A. Solovianov, O. Soloviev, I. Sosnovtsev, V. V. Spano, F. Speckmeyer, P. Stancu, S. Stanek, R. Starchenko, E. Straessner, A. Suchkov, S. I. Suk, M. Szczygiel, R. R. Tarrade, F. Tartarelli, F. Tas, P. Tayalati, Y. Teuscher, R. Thioye, M. Tikhomirov, V. O. Tisserant, S. Tremblet, L. Tsiareshka, P. Unal, G. Unel, G. Usai, G. Valero, A. Valkar, S. Valls, J. A. Van Berg, R. Vandelli, W. Vannucci, F. Vartapetian, A. Vassilakopoulos, V. I. Vassilieva, L. Vazeille, F. Vetter-Cole, Y. Vichou, I. Vinogradov, V. Vivarelli, I. Volpi, M. Wang, C. Werner, P. Wheeler, S. Wiesmann, M. Wilkens, H. Williams, H. H. Wingerter-Seez, I. Yasu, Y. Zaitsev, A. Zenin, A. Zenis, T. Zenonos, Z. Zhang, H. Zhou, N. TI Study of the response of the ATLAS central calorimeter to pions of energies from 3 to 9 GeV SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE ATLAS; Calorimetry; Test beam; Calibration; Simulation AB A fully instrumented slice of the ATLAS central detector was exposed to test beams from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) at CERN in 2004. in this paper, the response of the central calorimeters to pions with energies in the range between 3 and 9 GeV is presented. The linearity and the resolution of the combined calorimetry (electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters) was measured and compared to the prediction of a detector simulation program using the toolkit Geant 4. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Aleksa, M.; Anghinolfi, F.; Baron, S.; Chromek, D. Burckhart; Garrido, M. Capeans; Sas, L. Cardiel; Carli, T.; Catinaccio, A.; Cornelissen, T.; Radu, A. Corso; Dam, M.; Danielsson, H. O.; Dannheim, D.; Delmastro, M.; Di Girolamo, B.; Dittus, F.; Dobson, M.; Efthymiopoulos, I.; Eifert, T. F.; Fabich, A.; Farthouat, P.; Francis, D.; Froeschl, R.; Froidevaux, D.; Gameiro, S.; Gollub, N.; Gruwe, M.; Correia, A. Henriques; Hervas, L.; Hulsbergen, W.; Joos, M.; Kataoka, M.; Koffas, T.; Krueger, K.; Le Bihan, A. C.; Lehmann, G.; Lichard, P.; Mackeprang, R.; Mapelli, L.; Meirosu, C.; Nessi, M.; Aranda, C. Padilla; Passmore, M. S.; Petersen, J.; Petersen, T. C.; Pribyl, L.; Rembser, C.; Rios, C. Santamarina; Schlager, G.; Sloper, J. E.; Speckmeyer, P.; Tremblet, L.; Unal, G.; Vandelli, W.; Werner, P.; Wiesmann, M.; Wilkens, H.] CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. [Abat, E.; Arik, E.; Cetin, S. A.] Bogazici Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. [Abdallah, J. M.; Bosman, M.; Cavalli Sforza, M.; Jorgensen, S.; Korolkov, I.; Puigdengoles, C.; Salto, O.; Volpi, M.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, IFAE, ES-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Addy, T. N.; Harvey, A., Jr.; McFarlane, K. W.; Shin, T.; Vassilakopoulos, V. I.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Adragna, P.] Univ Landon, London E1 4NS, England. [Aharrouche, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, DE-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Ahmad, A.; Thioye, M.] Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Akesson, T. P. A.; Eerola, P.; Lundberg, B.] Lund Univ, Nat Vetenskapliga Fak, Inst Fys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Alexa, C.; Boldea, V.; Caprini, M.; Constantinescu, S.; Dita, S.; Pantea, D.] Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn, Bucharest IFIN HH, R-077125 Bucharest, Romania. [Anderson, K.; Gupta, A.; Hurwitz, M.; Jen-La Plante, I.; Pilcher, J.; Usai, G.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Antonaki, A.; Arabidze, G.; Fassouliotis, D.; Giakoumopoulou, V.; Giokaris, N.; Manousakis, A.] Univ Athens, Nucl & Particle Phys Dept Phys, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. [Baker, O. K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Banfi, D.; Carminati, L.; Consonni, M.; Fanti, M.; Mandelli, L.] Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Banfi, D.; Carminati, L.; Consonni, M.; Fanti, M.; Mandelli, L.] Univ Milan, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Beck, H. P.; Cogneras, E.; Haeberli, C.] Univ Bern, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Belhorma, B.; Chevallier, F.; Hostachy, J. Y.; Ledroit-Guillon, F.; Lucotte, A.; Malek, F.; Schaefer, M.] Univ Grenoble 1, INPG, Lab Phys Subatom & Cosmol, CNRS,IN2P3, FR-38026 Grenoble, France. [Benchekroun, D.] Univ Hassan 2, Fac Sci Ain Chock, Ma Casablanca, Morocco. [Benjamin, D. P.; Ebenstein, W. L.; Klinkby, E.; Oh, S. H.; Wang, C.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Benslama, K.] Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Jon-And, K.; Milstead, D.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bertelsen, H.; Driouchi, C.; Hansen, P. H.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Binet, S.; Bourdarios, C.; Fayard, L.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Kado, M.; Lechowski, M.; Lelas, D.; Poggioli, L.; Puzo, P.; Rousseau, D.; Serin, L.; Simion, S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Biscarat, C.] CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Calcul, Lyon, France. [Bondarenko, V. G.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Maleev, V. P.; Morozov, S. V.; Romaniouk, A.; Smirnov, S. Yu.; Sosnovtsev, V. V.; Suchkov, S. I.] MEPhI, RU-115409 Moscow, Russia. [Boonekamp, M.; Etienvre, A. I.; Schwindling, J.] Ctr Etud Saclay, DAPNIA, DSM, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bychkov, V.; Glonti, G.; Grigalashvili, N.; Kekelidze, G. D.; Khoriauli, G.; Khramov, E.; Khubua, J.; Kulchitsky, Y.; Mialkovski, V.; Minashvili, I.; Peshekhonov, V. D.; Rusakovich, N.; Ryjov, V.; Tsiareshka, P.; Vinogradov, V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, RU-141980 Moscow, Russia. [Callahan, J.; Cwetanski, P.; Egorov, K.; Gagnon, P.; Luehring, F.; Ogren, H.; Rust, D.; Unal, G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Calvet, D.; Defay, P. O.; Febbraro, R.; Filippini, G.; Ghodbane, N.; Guicheney, C.; Louchard, L.; Pallin, D.; Podlyski, F.; Santoni, C.; Says, L. P.; Tayalati, Y.; Vazeille, F.] Univ Blaise Pascal Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, FR-63177 Aubiere, France. [Canneri, M.; Cascella, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Del Prete, T.; Dotti, A.; Francavilla, P.; Giangiobbe, V.; Roda, C.; Sarri, F.; Vivarelli, I.; Zenonos, Z.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, IT-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Canneri, M.; Cascella, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Del Prete, T.; Dotti, A.; Francavilla, P.; Giangiobbe, V.; Roda, C.; Sarri, F.; Vivarelli, I.; Zenonos, Z.] Univ Pisa, INFN Pisa, IT-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Carvalho, J.; Muino, P. Conde; Gomes, A.; Maio, A.; Maneira, J.; Marques, C.; Onofre, A.; Saraiva, J. G.; Silva, J.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, PT-1000149 Lisbon, Portugal. [Castillo, M. V.; Ferrer, A.; Higon, E.; Mitsou, V. A.; Ruiz, A.; Solans, C.; Valls, J. A.] Univ Valencia, Ctr Mixto, UVEG, CSIC,IFIC, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Cavalli, D.; Citterio, M.; Costa, G.; Mazzanti, M.; Perini, L.; Tartarelli, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, IT-20133 Milan, Italy. [Chen, H.; Lanni, F.; Ma, H.; Rajagopalan, S.; Tarrade, F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cherkaoui, R.] Univ Mohammed 5, Fac Sci, Mo Rabat, Morocco. [Ciobotaru, M.; Kolos, S.; Stancu, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Cleland, B.; Kittelmann, T. H.; Paolone, V.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Da Silva, D.; Ferreira, B. C.; Seixas, J. M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Davidek, T.; Hruska, I.; Leitner, R.; Suk, M.; Tas, P.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [De, K.; Farbin, A.; Vartapetian, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Dekhissi, B.] Univ Mohammed Premier, Lab Phys Theor & Phys Particules, Oujda, Morocco. [Del Peso, J.; Garcia, R.; Peez, M.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Derue, F.; Kaczmarska, A.; Laforge, B.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Ridel, M.; Schwemling, P.; Vannucci, F.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, FR-75252 Paris 05, France. [Derue, F.; Kaczmarska, A.; Laforge, B.; Nikolic-Audit, I.; Ridel, M.; Schwemling, P.; Vannucci, F.] Univ Paris 07, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies, CNRS, IN2P3, FR-75252 Paris 05, France. [Di Ciaccio, L.; El Kacimi, M.; Lafaye, R.; Laplace, S.; Sauvage, G.; Simonyan, M.; Wingerter-Seez, I.] Univ Savoie, LAPP, CNRS, IN2P3, Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Djama, F.; Hubaut, F.; Monnier, E.; Pralavorio, P.; Tisserant, S.; Zhang, H.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, Ctr Phys Particules Marseille, CNRS, IN2P3, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Djobava, T.; Mchedlidze, G.; Mosidze, M.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Drake, G.; Fullana, E.; Salvachua, B.; Schlereth, J.; Stanek, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dressnandt, N.; Hance, M.; Keener, P. T.; Martin, F.; Munar, A.; Newcomer, F. M.; Van Berg, R.; Williams, H. H.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [El Kacimi, M.; Fakhr-Edine, A. I.; Goujdami, D.] Univ Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco. [Fedin, O. L.; Kazarov, A.; Khristachev, A.; Kovalenko, S.; Kudin, L. G.; Nadtochi, A. V.; Nesterov, S. Y.; Oleshko, S. B.; Patrichev, S.; Ryabov, Y. F.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Seliverstov, D. M.; Soloviev, I.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188300 Gatchina, Russia. [Fenyuk, A.; Karyukhin, A.; Kopikov, S.; Miagkov, A.; Nikitine, I.; Solodkov, A.; Solovianov, O.; Starchenko, E.; Zaitsev, A.; Zenin, A.] Fed Agcy Atom Energy, IHEP, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. [Ferrari, R.; Negri, A.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, IT-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Ferrari, R.; Negri, A.] Univ Pavia, INFN Pavia, IT-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Gadomski, S.; Gomez, M. D.; Riu, I.] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Grahn, K. J.; Lund-Jensen, B.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grenier, P.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Grishkevich, Y.; Kramarenko, V.; Smirnova, L.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, RU-119991 Moscow, Russia. [Hajduk, Z.; Olszowska, J.; Szczygiel, R. R.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [Hakobyan, H.] Yerevan Phys Inst, AM-375036 Yrevan, Armenia. [Hoffman, J.; Liang, Z.; Vetter-Cole, Y.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Johansson, P. D. C.; Kerschen, N.; Paganis, S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Kayumov, F.; Konovalov, S. P.; Mouraviev, S. V.; Shmeleva, A.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Vassilieva, L.] Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, RU-117924 Moscow, Russia. [Kowalski, T. Z.; Mindur, B.] Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, AGH, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. [Kulchitsky, Y.; Shalanda, N.; Tsiareshka, P.] Natl Acad Sci Belarus, BI Stepanov Phys Inst, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. [Lampl, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liang, Z.; Meng, Z.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Tw Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Liang, Z.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Lokajicek, M.; Nemecek, S.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Lokajicek, M.; Nemecek, S.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Comp Sci, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Loureiro, K.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [McPherson, R.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Meng, Z.] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Parsons, J.; Reale, V. Perez; Spano, F.; Zhou, N.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. [Pasqualucci, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, IT-00185 Rome, Italy. [Pasqualucci, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFN Roma 1, IT-00185 Rome, Italy. [Petti, R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pina, J.; Pinto, B.] LIP & IDMEC IST, Lisbon, Portugal. [Poveda, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Prieur, D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Rohne, O.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Schmitt, C.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Straessner, A.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Teuscher, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Vichou, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wheeler, S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Ctr Particle Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Yasu, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Zenis, T.] Comenius Univ, Fac Math Phys & Informat, SK-84248 Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Aleksa, M (reprint author), CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RI De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Mitsou, Vasiliki/D-1967-2009; Alexa, Calin/F-6345-2010; Nemecek, Stanislav/C-3487-2012; Morozov, Sergey/C-1396-2014; Szczygiel, Robert/B-5662-2011; Smirnova, Lidia/D-8089-2012; Smirnov, Sergei/F-1014-2011; Kramarenko, Victor/E-1781-2012; Delmastro, Marco/I-5599-2012; Cascella, Michele/B-6156-2013; Pina, Joao /C-4391-2012; Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Nemecek, Stanislav/G-5931-2014; Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; Shmeleva, Alevtina/M-6199-2015; kayumov, fred/M-6274-2015; Konovalov, Serguei/M-9505-2015; Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban/A-7305-2016; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; vasilyeva, lidia/M-9569-2015; Maneira, Jose/D-8486-2011; Mindur, Bartosz/A-2253-2017; Solodkov, Alexander/B-8623-2017; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017; Karyukhin, Andrey/J-3904-2014; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016; OI De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Mitsou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-1533-8886; Morozov, Sergey/0000-0002-6748-7277; Smirnov, Sergei/0000-0002-6778-073X; Delmastro, Marco/0000-0003-2992-3805; Cascella, Michele/0000-0003-2091-2501; Pina, Joao /0000-0001-8959-5044; Conde Muino, Patricia/0000-0002-9187-7478; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/0000-0002-9810-1816; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Ferrer, Antonio/0000-0003-0532-711X; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Fullana Torregrosa, Esteban/0000-0003-3082-621X; Maneira, Jose/0000-0002-3222-2738; Mindur, Bartosz/0000-0002-5511-2611; Solodkov, Alexander/0000-0002-2737-8674; Zaitsev, Alexandre/0000-0002-4961-8368; Karyukhin, Andrey/0000-0001-9087-4315; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X; Gomes, Agostinho/0000-0002-5940-9893; Maio, Amelia/0000-0001-9099-0009; Mendes Saraiva, Joao Gentil/0000-0002-7006-0864; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993 FU European Community [MRTN-CT-2006-035657]; GRICES; FCT, Portugal FX A very important ingredient of the 2004 ATLAS CTB has been the mechanics of the two calorimeters support and movement. We would like to acknowledge Danilo Giugni, Simone Coelli and Giampiero Braga from INFN Milano for the design, overview of the production and testing of the LAr calorimeter support table. We wish to thank Claude Ferrari, Pierre Gimenez, Yves Bonnet, Denis Gacon and Alain Pinget of CERN EN/MEF group for the continuous mechanical support provided in the CERN SPS North Are during the installation of the setup and the data taking. This work was supported in part by the European Community, through the ARTEMIS Research Training Network (Contract number MRTN-CT-2006-035657) and by GRICES and FCT, Portugal. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 607 IS 2 BP 372 EP 386 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.05.158 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 487PA UT WOS:000269285700008 ER PT J AU Petri, M Paul, ES Nolan, PJ Boston, AJ Boston, HC Cooper, RJ Dimmock, MR Gros, S McGuirk, BM Turk, G Guinet, D Lautesse, P Meyer, M Redon, N Rosse, B Schmitt, C Stezowski, O Bhattacharyya, S De France, G Mukherjee, G Rejmund, F Savajols, H Scheurer, JN Gal, J Molnar, J Nyako, BM Timar, J Zolnai, L Juhasz, K Astier, A Deloncle, I Porquet, MG Prevost, A Pucknell, VFE Wadsworth, R Joshi, P La Rana, G Moro, R Trotta, M Vardaci, E Hackman, G Ball, GC AF Petri, M. Paul, E. S. Nolan, P. J. Boston, A. J. Boston, H. C. Cooper, R. J. Dimmock, M. R. Gros, S. McGuirk, B. M. Turk, G. Guinet, D. Lautesse, Ph. Meyer, M. Redon, N. Rosse, B. Schmitt, Ch. Stezowski, O. Bhattacharyya, S. De France, G. Mukherjee, G. Rejmund, F. Savajols, H. Scheurer, J. N. Gal, J. Molnar, J. Nyako, B. M. Timar, J. Zolnai, L. Juhasz, K. Astier, A. Deloncle, I. Porquet, M. G. Prevost, A. Pucknell, V. F. E. Wadsworth, R. Joshi, P. La Rana, G. Moro, R. Trotta, M. Vardaci, E. Hackman, G. Ball, G. C. TI The use of EXOGAM for in-beam spectroscopy of proton drip-line nuclei with radioactive ion beams SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE EXOGAM array of HPGe detectors; DIAMANT array of CsI charged-particle detectors; Radioactive ion beam; Linear polarisation; Segmented Clover germanium detector ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; COMPTON POLARIMETER; SEGMENTED CLOVER; SPIRAL BEAMS; DETECTOR; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION; REGION; VAMOS; ARRAY AB One of the first fusion-evaporation experiments using radioactive ion beams was performed at GANIL in order to study proton-rich nuclei of the light rare-earth region. The low production cross-section of the exotic species of interest, in combination with the low intensity of the beam and its induced background, demanded the use of a highly efficient experimental setup. This consisted of the EXOGAM gamma-ray spectrometer coupled for the first time with both the DIAMANT charged-particle array and the VAMOS recoil spectrometer. in this report the experimental challenges of such studies will be discussed and the experimental achievements of the in-beam spectroscopy of proton drip-line nuclei using EXOGAM will be presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Petri, M.; Paul, E. S.; Nolan, P. J.; Boston, A. J.; Boston, H. C.; Cooper, R. J.; Dimmock, M. R.; Gros, S.; McGuirk, B. M.; Turk, G.] Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Guinet, D.; Lautesse, Ph.; Meyer, M.; Redon, N.; Rosse, B.; Schmitt, Ch.; Stezowski, O.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Bhattacharyya, S.; De France, G.; Mukherjee, G.; Rejmund, F.; Savajols, H.] GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. [Gal, J.; Molnar, J.; Nyako, B. M.; Timar, J.; Zolnai, L.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. [Scheurer, J. N.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, IN2P3, CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33170 Gradignan, France. [Juhasz, K.] Univ Debrecen, Dept Informat Technol, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. [Astier, A.; Deloncle, I.; Porquet, M. G.; Prevost, A.] CNRS, IN2P3, CSNSM Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Pucknell, V. F. E.] STFC, Daresbury Lab, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Wadsworth, R.; Joshi, P.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [La Rana, G.; Moro, R.; Trotta, M.; Vardaci, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Hackman, G.; Ball, G. C.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. RP Petri, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MPetri@lbl.gov RI Petri, Marina/H-4630-2016 OI Petri, Marina/0000-0002-3740-6106 FU United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; EU [RII3-CT-2004-506065]; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, OTKA [K72566] FX This work was supported in part by the United Kingdom Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and the EU through the EURONS project under Contract no. RII3-CT-2004-506065. Partial support from the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, OTKA, under Contract no. K72566 is also acknowledged. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 607 IS 2 BP 412 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.04.031 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 487PA UT WOS:000269285700012 ER PT J AU Ianakiev, KD Alexandrov, BS Littlewood, PB Browne, MC AF Ianakiev, K. D. Alexandrov, B. S. Littlewood, P. B. Browne, M. C. TI Temperature behavior of NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE NaI(Tl); Inorganic scintillators; Two decay components; Temperature dependence; Light yield; Linear dependence of light output; Temperature redistribution; Light pulse; Temperature-dependent shape; Step response; Rise-time compensation ID MODEL AB It is a familiar fact that the total measured light yield of NaI(Tl) detectors is a nonlinear function of temperature. Here we present new experimental data for the temperature behavior of doped NaI(Tl) scintillators that instead shows a linear dependence of the light output over a wide temperature range-including that for outdoor applications. The shape of the light pulse shows, in general, two decay processes: a single dominant process (one decay-time constant) above the room temperature and two processes (two decay-time constants) below the room temperature. We show that the redistribution of the intensities between the two processes is temperature dependent: the second (slow) decay component is negligible at room temperatures, but by -20 degrees C, it contributes up to 40% of the total light and has a duration of several microseconds. We discuss the profound effect this new understanding of the light output has on the pulse-height analysis instrumentation. We introduce a theoretical model to explain the experimental results. In addition, we describe a unique technique for correcting both amplitude and shape temperature changes inside the NaI(Tl) detector package. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ianakiev, K. D.; Alexandrov, B. S.; Browne, M. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Alexandrov, B. S.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Littlewood, P. B.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP Ianakiev, KD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ianakiev@lanl.gov RI Cavendish, TCM/C-9489-2009; Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008; Alexandrov, Boian/D-2488-2010; OI Alexandrov, Boian/0000-0001-8636-4603; Ianakiev, Kiril/0000-0002-5074-0715 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 607 IS 2 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2009.02.019 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 487PA UT WOS:000269285700014 ER PT J AU Niles, JC DeRisi, JL Marletta, MA AF Niles, Jacquin C. DeRisi, Joseph L. Marletta, Michael A. TI Inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum growth and heme detoxification pathway using heme-binding DNA aptamers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO SELECTION; RED-BLOOD-CELLS; MALARIA PARASITES; FERRIPROTOPORPHYRIN IX; HEMOZOIN PRODUCTION; CYSTEINE PROTEASES; RNA INTERFERENCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CELLULAR UPTAKE; CHLOROQUINE AB The human parasite Plasmodium falciparum enzymatically digests hemoglobin during its intra-erythrocytic developmental stages in acidic food vacuole compartments. The released heme is rapidly detoxified by polymerization into the chemically inert pigment, hemozoin. Several heme-binding anti-malarial compounds, such as chloroquine, efficiently inhibit this process, and this is believed to be the predominant mechanism by which these drugs induce parasite toxicity. In an effort to expand the biochemical tools available for exploration of this pathogen's basic biology, we chose this heme-detoxification pathway as a model system for exploring the suitability of DNA aptamers for modulating this essential parasite biochemical pathway. In this report, we demonstrate that heme-binding DNA aptamers efficiently inhibit in vitro hemozoin formation catalyzed by either a model lipid system or parasite-derived extracts just as or more potently than chloroquine. Furthermore, when parasites are grown in red cells loaded with heme-binding aptamers, their growth is significantly inhibited relative to parasites exposed to non-heme-binding DNA oligonucleotides. Both the timing of parasite-induced toxicity and the concentration of heme-binding aptamer required for inducing toxicity correlate well with the uptake of red cell cytosolic components by the parasite, and the requirement for compounds with similar in vitro hemozoin inhibitory potency to preconcentrate within the parasite before observing toxicity. Thus, these heme-binding aptamers recapitulate the in vitro hemozoin inhibition activity and induce parasite toxicity in a manner consistent with inhibition of this pathway. Altogether, these data demonstrate that aptamers can be versatile tools with applicability in functionally dissecting important P. falciparum-specific pathways both in vitro and in vivo. C1 [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Niles, Jacquin C.; Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marletta, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [DeRisi, Joseph L.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [DeRisi, Joseph L.] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA. RP Marletta, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Inst QB3, 570 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM marletta@berkeley.edu FU National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellowship; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Aldo DeBenedictis Fund FX This work was supported by an National Institutes of Health Postdoctoral Fellowship (J. C. N.), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (J. L. D), and the Aldo DeBenedictis Fund (M. A. M). NR 48 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 11 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 32 BP 13266 EP 13271 DI 10.1073/pnas.0906370106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 482IA UT WOS:000268877300024 PM 19633187 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Jock, RM Cheng, H He, Y Mintarov, AM Wang, Y Kurdak, C Merz, JL Goldman, RS AF Jin, Y. Jock, R. M. Cheng, H. He, Y. Mintarov, A. M. Wang, Y. Kurdak, C. Merz, J. L. Goldman, R. S. TI Influence of N interstitials on the electronic properties of GaAsN alloys SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carrier density; carrier mobility; conduction bands; gallium arsenide; gallium compounds; III-V semiconductors; impurity states; interstitials; nuclear chemical analysis; Raman spectra; rapid thermal annealing; semiconductor thin films; wide band gap semiconductors ID NITROGEN INCORPORATION; GA(AS,N); LAYERS; TEMPERATURE AB We have used rapid thermal annealing to investigate the influence of N interstitials on the electronic properties of GaAsN alloys. Nuclear reaction analysis reveals an annealing-induced decrease in the interstitial N concentration, while the total N composition remains constant. Corresponding signatures for the reduced interstitial N concentration are apparent in Raman spectra. Following annealing, both the room-T carrier concentration, n, and the mobility increase. At higher measurement-Ts, a thermally activated increase in n suggests the presence of a trap near GaAsN conduction band edge with activation energy 85 +/- 15 meV. The annealing-induced increase in n suggests the association of the trap with interstitial N. C1 [Jin, Y.; Jock, R. M.; Goldman, R. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jin, Y.; Jock, R. M.; Cheng, H.; Kurdak, C.; Goldman, R. S.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [He, Y.; Mintarov, A. M.; Merz, J. L.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Wang, Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldman, RS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rsgold@umich.edu RI Goldman, Rachel/J-9091-2012 FU National Science Foundation through a Focused Research Group [DMR 0606406]; Intel Foundation, and the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation through a Focused Research Group (Grant No. DMR 0606406), monitored by Dr. LaVerne Hess, the Intel Foundation, and the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) jointly operated by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The use of the Raman facilities of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. DOE, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 6 AR 062109 DI 10.1063/1.3187915 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484PZ UT WOS:000269060600029 ER PT J AU Park, JW Baek, SH Bark, CW Biegalski, MD Eom, CB AF Park, J. W. Baek, S. H. Bark, C. W. Biegalski, M. D. Eom, C. B. TI Quasi-single-crystal (001) SrTiO3 templates on Si SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE annealing; buffer layers; elemental semiconductors; epitaxial layers; etching; molecular beam epitaxial growth; semiconductor-insulator boundaries; silicon; strontium compounds; surface morphology ID THIN-FILMS; OXIDES; INSULATOR AB The integration of multifunctional oxides on semiconductor devices requires the formation of single-crystal-like oxide templates directly on silicon. We report the fabrication of quasi-single-crystal (001) SrTiO3 templates on (001) Si by annealing 100 nm thick molecular beam epitaxy-grown epitaxial SrTiO3 films at 900 degrees C. The full width at half maximum of the (002) rocking curve is 0.006 degrees, which is much narrower than SrTiO3 bulk single crystals. An atomically smooth TiO2-terminated surface is obtained by buffered-HF etching, which allows us to create functional oxide heterointerfaces on Si. Epitaxial SrRuO3 thin films grown on the quasi-single-crystal SrTiO3 template exhibit a superior crystalline quality and surface morphology. C1 [Park, J. W.; Baek, S. H.; Bark, C. W.; Eom, C. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Biegalski, M. D.] Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Eom, CB (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eom@engr.wisc.edu RI Baek, Seung-Hyub/B-9189-2013; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014; OI Bark, Chung Wung/0000-0002-9394-4240 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0906443]; Korean government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2007-357-D00116]; Scientific User Facilities Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-0906443, Nanochip and IQE for providing wafers to perform these experiments. This work was partially supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by Korean government (MOEHRD) (Grant No. KRF-2007-357-D00116). The research at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 6 AR 061902 DI 10.1063/1.3202398 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484PZ UT WOS:000269060600011 ER PT J AU Simonetti, F Huang, L Duric, N AF Simonetti, F. Huang, L. Duric, N. TI A multiscale approach to diffraction tomography of complex three-dimensional objects SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE light diffraction; optical tomography ID ULTRASOUND; CANCER AB Tomography of complex three-dimensional objects with diffractive waves remains an open challenge due to the large number of scattering measurements required to obtain a stable solution to the inverse problem of reconstructing an image of the object from a set of independent scattering experiments. Here, this problem is addressed with a multiscale approach that is demonstrated experimentally using ultrasonic waves and which leads to high resolution images comparable to x-ray computerized tomography but without the limitations associated with ionizing radiation. C1 [Simonetti, F.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Huang, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Duric, N.] Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Simonetti, F (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mech Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM f.simonetti@imperial.ac.uk OI Simonetti, Francesco/0000-0001-8772-0323 FU U.S. DOE Laboratory-Directed Research and Development; U.K. Royal Academy of Engineering/EPSRC; Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) [MEDC 06-1-P1-0653] FX This work was supported through the U.S. DOE Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. F. S. is supported by the U.K. Royal Academy of Engineering/EPSRC. N.D. is supported by the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) under Grant No. MEDC 06-1-P1-0653. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 6 AR 061904 DI 10.1063/1.3204021 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484PZ UT WOS:000269060600013 ER PT J AU Yang, SY Martin, LW Byrnes, SJ Conry, TE Basu, SR Paran, D Reichertz, L Ihlefeld, J Adamo, C Melville, A Chu, YH Yang, CH Musfeldt, JL Schlom, DG Ager, JW Ramesh, R AF Yang, S. Y. Martin, L. W. Byrnes, S. J. Conry, T. E. Basu, S. R. Paran, D. Reichertz, L. Ihlefeld, J. Adamo, C. Melville, A. Chu, Y. -H. Yang, C. -H. Musfeldt, J. L. Schlom, D. G. Ager, J. W., III Ramesh, R. TI Photovoltaic effects in BiFeO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bismuth compounds; ferroelectric thin films; indium; photovoltaic effects; polarisation; tin compounds ID FILMS; FERROELECTRICS; POLARIZATION; DIODE AB We report a photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric BiFeO3 thin films. The all-oxide heterostructures with SrRuO3 bottom and tin doped indium oxide top electrodes are characterized by open-circuit voltages similar to 0.8-0.9 V and external quantum efficiencies up to similar to 10% when illuminated with the appropriate light. Efficiencies are at least an order of magnitude larger than the maximum efficiency under sunlight (AM 1.5) thus far reported for ferroelectric-based devices. The dependence of the measured open-circuit voltage on film thickness suggests contributions to the large open-circuit voltage from both the ferroelectric polarization and band offsets at the BiFeO3/tin doped indium oxide interface. C1 [Yang, S. Y.; Conry, T. E.; Basu, S. R.; Paran, D.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, L. W.; Byrnes, S. J.; Conry, T. E.; Reichertz, L.; Ager, J. W., III; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Byrnes, S. J.; Yang, C. -H.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ihlefeld, J.; Adamo, C.; Melville, A.; Schlom, D. G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Chu, Y. -H.] Natl Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan. [Musfeldt, J. L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Yang, SY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM lwmartin@lbl.gov RI Ihlefeld, Jon/B-3117-2009; Ying-Hao, Chu/A-4204-2008; YANG, CHAN-HO/C-2079-2011; Martin, Lane/H-2409-2011; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; OI Ying-Hao, Chu/0000-0002-3435-9084; Martin, Lane/0000-0003-1889-2513; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Byrnes, Steven/0000-0002-4023-8086; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, FEG02-01ER45885]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0820404] FX The work at Berkeley is supported by the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The work at Cornell is funded by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. DMR-0820404. The work at Tennessee is funded by the Materials Science Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FEG02-01ER45885. (S.Y.Y. and L. W. M. contributed equally to this work.) NR 23 TC 249 Z9 261 U1 27 U2 227 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 6 AR 062909 DI 10.1063/1.3204695 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484PZ UT WOS:000269060600051 ER PT J AU Staniszewski, Z Ade, PAR Aird, KA Benson, BA Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Halverson, NW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hrubes, JD Joy, M Keisler, R Lanting, TM Lee, AT Leitch, EM Loehr, A Lueker, M McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Ngeow, CC Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Ruhl, JE Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Spieler, HG Stalder, B Stark, AA Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Zahn, O Zenteno, A AF Staniszewski, Z. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. -M. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Halverson, N. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hrubes, J. D. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Lanting, T. M. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Loehr, A. Lueker, M. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Ngeow, C. -C. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Stark, A. A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. TI GALAXY CLUSTERS DISCOVERED WITH A SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; SOURCE CATALOG; POWER SPECTRUM; CONSTRAINTS; ENERGY; SCALE; MASS; ANISOTROPIES; COSMOLOGY; UNIVERSE AB The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is conducting a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect survey over large areas of the southern sky, searching for massive galaxy clusters to high redshift. In this preliminary study, we focus on a 40 deg(2) area targeted by the Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS), which is centered roughly at right ascension 5(h)30(m), declination -53 degrees (J2000). Over two seasons of observations, this entire region has been mapped by the SPT at 95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 225 GHz. We report the four most significant SPT detections of SZ clusters in this field, three of which were previously unknown and, therefore, represent the first galaxy clusters discovered with an SZ survey. The SZ clusters are detected as decrements with greater than 5 sigma significance in the high-sensitivity 150 GHz SPT map. The SZ spectrum of these sources is confirmed by detections of decrements at the corresponding locations in the 95 GHz SPT map and nondetections at those locations in the 225 GHz SPT map. Multiband optical images from the BCS survey demonstrate significant concentrations of similarly colored galaxies at the positions of the SZ detections. Photometric redshift estimates from the BCS data indicate that two of the clusters lie at moderate redshift (z similar to 0.4) and two at high redshift (z greater than or similar to 0.8). One of the SZ detections was previously identified as a galaxy cluster in the optical as part of the Abell supplementary southern cluster catalog and in the X-ray using data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). Potential RASS counterparts (not previously identified as clusters) are also found for two of the new discoveries. These first four galaxy clusters are the most significant SZ detections from a subset of the ongoing SPT survey. As such, they serve as a demonstration that SZ surveys, and the SPT in particular, can be an effective means for finding galaxy clusters. C1 [Staniszewski, Z.; Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Staniszewski, Z.; Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vanderlinde, K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Cho, H. -M.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Mehl, J.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Padin, S.; Pryke, C.; Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Pryke, C.; Schaffer, K. K.; Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.; Lanting, T. M.; Shaw, L.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Loehr, A.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. -C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Mohr, J. J.; Ngeow, C. -C.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Staniszewski, Z (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM tcrawfor@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; OI Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 NR 53 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 1 BP 32 EP 41 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/32 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475ES UT WOS:000268341800005 ER PT J AU Halverson, NW Lanting, T Ade, PAR Basu, K Bender, AN Benson, BA Bertoldi, F Cho, HM Chon, G Clarke, J Dobbs, M Ferrusca, D Gusten, R Holzapfel, WL Kovacs, A Kennedy, J Kermish, Z Kneissl, R Lee, AT Lueker, M Mehl, J Menten, KM Muders, D Nord, M Pacaud, F Plagge, T Reichardt, C Richards, PL Schaaf, R Schilke, P Schuller, F Schwan, D Spieler, H Tucker, C Weiss, A Zahn, O AF Halverson, N. W. Lanting, T. Ade, P. A. R. Basu, K. Bender, A. N. Benson, B. A. Bertoldi, F. Cho, H. -M. Chon, G. Clarke, J. Dobbs, M. Ferrusca, D. Guesten, R. Holzapfel, W. L. Kovacs, A. Kennedy, J. Kermish, Z. Kneissl, R. Lee, A. T. Lueker, M. Mehl, J. Menten, K. M. Muders, D. Nord, M. Pacaud, F. Plagge, T. Reichardt, C. Richards, P. L. Schaaf, R. Schilke, P. Schuller, F. Schwan, D. Spieler, H. Tucker, C. Weiss, A. Zahn, O. TI SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT OBSERVATIONS OF THE BULLET CLUSTER (1E 0657-56) WITH APEX-SZ SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: individual (1E 0657-56) ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; X-RAY; XMM-NEWTON; DATA REDUCTION; SOUTH-POLE; MASS; GAS; BRIGHTNESS; 1E0657-56; FRACTION AB We present observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) in the Bullet cluster (1E 0657-56) using the APEX-SZ instrument at 150 GHz with a resolution of 1'. The main results are maps of the SZE in this massive, merging galaxy cluster. The cluster is detected with 23 sigma significance within the central 1' radius of the source position. The SZE map has a broadly similar morphology to that in existing X-ray maps of this system, and we find no evidence for significant contamination of the SZE emission by radio or IR sources. In order to make simple quantitative comparisons with cluster gas models derived from X-ray observations, we fit our data to an isothermal elliptical beta model, despite the inadequacy of such a model for this complex merging system. With an X-ray-derived prior on the power-law index, beta = 1.04(-0.10)(+0.16), we find a core radius r(c) = 142 '' +/- 18 '', an axial ratio of 0.889 +/- 0.072, and a central temperature decrement of -771 +/- 71 mu K(CMB), including a +/- 5.5% flux calibration uncertainty. Combining the APEX-SZ map with a map of projected electron surface density from Chandra Xray observations, we determine the mass-weighted temperature of the cluster gas to be T(mg) = 10.8 +/- 0.9 keV, significantly lower than some previously reported X-ray spectroscopic temperatures. Under the assumption of an isothermal cluster gas distribution in hydrostatic equilibrium, we compute the gas mass fraction for prolate and oblate spheroidal geometries and find it to be consistent with previous results from X-ray and weak-lensing observations. This work is the first result from the APEX-SZ experiment, and represents the first reported scientific result from observations with a large array of multiplexed superconducting transition-edge sensor bolometers. C1 [Halverson, N. W.; Bender, A. N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lanting, T.; Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, S Glam, Wales. [Basu, K.; Bertoldi, F.; Nord, M.; Pacaud, F.; Schaaf, R.] Univ Bonn, Argelander Inst Astron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Benson, B. A.; Clarke, J.; Ferrusca, D.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Kermish, Z.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Mehl, J.; Plagge, T.; Reichardt, C.; Richards, P. L.; Schwan, D.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cho, H. -M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chon, G.; Guesten, R.; Kovacs, A.; Kneissl, R.; Menten, K. M.; Muders, D.; Nord, M.; Schilke, P.; Schuller, F.; Weiss, A.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Clarke, J.; Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Halverson, NW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Kovacs, Attila/C-1171-2010; OI Kovacs, Attila/0000-0001-8991-9088; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU National Science Foundation [AST-0138348, AST-0709497]; Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; MPG Berkeley-Munich; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship FX We thank the staff at the APEX telescope site, led by David Rabanus and previously by Lars-Ake Nyman, for their dedicated and exceptional support. We also thank LBNL engineers John Joseph and Chinh Vu for their work on the readout electronics. APEX-SZ is funded by the National Science Foundation under grants AST-0138348 and AST-0709497. Work at LBNL is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at McGill is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. R. K. acknowledges partial financial support from MPG Berkeley-Munich fund. N. W. H. acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship. NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/42 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475ES UT WOS:000268341800006 ER PT J AU Hainline, KN Shapley, AE Kornei, KA Pettini, M Buckley-Geer, E Allam, SS Tucker, DL AF Hainline, Kevin N. Shapley, Alice E. Kornei, Katherine A. Pettini, Max Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth Allam, Sahar S. Tucker, Douglas L. TI REST-FRAME OPTICAL SPECTRA OF THREE STRONGLY LENSED GALAXIES AT z similar to 2 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: abundances; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: high-redshift; gravitational lensing ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; LYMAN BREAK GALAXY; MASS-METALLICITY RELATION; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; MS 1512-CB58; CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; STARBURST GALAXIES; STELLAR POPULATION AB We present Keck II NIRSPEC rest-frame optical spectra for three recently discovered lensed galaxies: the Cosmic Horseshoe (z = 2.38), the Clone (z = 2.00), and SDSS J090122.37+181432.3 (z = 2.26). The boost in signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) from gravitational lensing provides an unusually detailed view of the physical conditions in these objects. A full complement of high S/N rest-frame optical emission lines is measured, spanning from rest frame 3600 to 6800 angstrom, including robust detections of fainter lines such as H gamma, [S II]lambda 6717,6732, and in one instance [Ne III]lambda 3869. SDSS J090122.37+181432.3 shows evidence for active galactic nucleus activity, and therefore we focus our analysis on star-forming regions in the Cosmic Horseshoe and the Clone. For these two objects, we estimate a wide range of physical properties. Current lensing models for the Cosmic Horseshoe and the Clone allow us to correct the measured Ha luminosity and calculated star formation rate. Metallicities have been estimated with a variety of indicators, which span a range of values of 12 + log(O/H) = 8.3-8.8, between similar to 0.4 and similar to 1.5 of the solar oxygen abundance. Dynamical masses were computed from the Ha velocity dispersions and measured half-light radii of the reconstructed sources. A comparison of the Balmer lines enabled measurement of dust reddening coefficients. Variations in the line ratios between the different lensed images are also observed, indicating that the spectra are probing different regions of the lensed galaxies. In all respects, the lensed objects appear fairly typical of ultraviolet-selected star-forming galaxies at z similar to 2. The Clone occupies a position on the emission-line diagnostic diagram of [O III]/H beta versus [N II]/H alpha that is offset from the locations of z similar to 0 galaxies. Our new NIRSPEC measurements may provide quantitative insights into why high-redshift objects display such properties. From the [S II] line ratio, high electron densities (similar to 1000 cm(-3)) are inferred compared to local galaxies, and [O III]/[O II] line ratios indicate higher ionization parameters compared to the local population. Building on previous similar results at z similar to 2, these measurements provide further evidence (at high S/N) that star-forming regions are significantly different in high-redshift galaxies, compared to their local counterparts. C1 [Hainline, Kevin N.; Shapley, Alice E.; Kornei, Katherine A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Pettini, Max] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth; Allam, Sahar S.; Tucker, Douglas L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Hainline, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 FU David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We thank Xin Liu, Anna Quider, Thomas Diehl, and Huan Lin for their assistance. We acknowledge Lindsay King for kindly providing the VLT/FORS2R-band image of the Cosmic Horseshoe. A. E. S. acknowledges support from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. We wish to extend special thanks to those of Hawaiian ancestry on whose sacred mountain we are privileged to be guests. Without their generous hospitality, most of the observations presented herein would not have been possible. NR 62 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 1 BP 52 EP 65 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/52 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475ES UT WOS:000268341800007 ER PT J AU Chan, CK Liu, SM Fryer, CL Psaltis, D Ozel, F Rockefeller, G Melia, F AF Chan, Chi-Kwan Liu, Siming Fryer, Christopher L. Psaltis, Dimitrios Oezel, Feryal Rockefeller, Gabriel Melia, Fulvio TI MHD SIMULATIONS OF ACCRETION ONTO Sgr A*: QUIESCENT FLUCTUATIONS, OUTBURSTS, AND QUASIPERIODICITY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; Galaxy: center; instabilities; MHD; relativity ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; X-RAY FLARE; ROSSBY-WAVE INSTABILITY; SAGITTARIUS-A; GALACTIC-CENTER; SPECTRAL METHODS; ELECTRON ACCELERATION; HYDRODYNAMIC DISKS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM AB High-resolution observations of Sgr A* have revealed a wide variety of phenomena, ranging from intense rapid flares to quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), making this object an ideal system to study the properties of low luminosity accreting black holes. In this paper, we use a pseudospectral algorithm to construct and evolve a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the accretion disk in Sgr A*. Assuming a hybrid thermal nonthermal emission scheme and calibrating the parameters by observations, we show that the MHD turbulence in the environment of Sgr A* can by itself only produce factor two fluctuations in luminosity. These fluctuations cannot explain the magnitude of flares observed in this system. However, we also demonstrate that external forcing of the accretion disk, which may be generated by the "clumpy material" raining down onto the disk from the large-scale flow, do produce outbursts qualitatively similar to those observed by XMM-Newton in X-rays and by ground- based facilities in the near infrared. Strong, but short-term QPOs emerge naturally in the simulated light curves. We attribute these to nonaxisymmetric density perturbations that emerge as the disk evolves back toward its quiescent state. C1 [Chan, Chi-Kwan] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Chan, Chi-Kwan; Fryer, Christopher L.; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Oezel, Feryal; Melia, Fulvio] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Liu, Siming] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Fryer, Christopher L.; Rockefeller, Gabriel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Comp Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Psaltis, Dimitrios; Oezel, Feryal; Melia, Fulvio] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chan, CK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theory & Computat, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RI liu, siming/B-5389-2011; Rockefeller, Gabriel/G-2920-2010 OI Rockefeller, Gabriel/0000-0002-9029-5097 FU U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NSF [AST-0402502]; NASA ATP [NAG5-13374] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. At the University of Arizona, this research was supported by NSF grant AST-0402502 and NASA ATP grant NAG5-13374. F. M. is grateful to the University of Melbourne for its support (through a Sir Thomas Lyle Fellowship and a Miegunyah Fellowship). The simulations were carried out on the Space Simulator at Los Alamos National Laboratory and on a Beowulf cluster in the Physics Department at the University of Arizona. NR 74 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 1 BP 521 EP 534 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/521 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475ES UT WOS:000268341800045 ER PT J AU Abbasi, R Abdou, Y Ackermann, M Adams, J Aguilar, J Ahlers, M Andeen, K Auffenberg, J Bai, X Baker, M Barwick, SW Bay, R Alba, JLB Beattie, K Beatty, JJ Bechet, S Becker, JK Becker, KH Benabderrahmane, ML Berdermann, J Berghaus, P Berley, D Bernardini, E Bertrand, D Besson, DZ Bissok, M Blaufuss, E Boersma, DJ Bohm, C Bolmont, J Boser, S Botner, O Bradley, L Braun, J Breder, D Castermans, T Chirkin, D Christy, B Clem, J Cohen, S Cowen, DF D'Agostino, MV Danninger, M Day, CT De Clercq, C Demirors, L Depaepe, O Descamps, F Desiati, P de Vries-Uiterweerd, G DeYoung, T Diaz-Velez, JC Dreyer, J Dumm, JP Duvoort, MR Edwards, WR Ehrlich, R Eisch, J Ellsworth, RW Engdegard, O Euler, S Evenson, PA Fadiran, O Fazely, AR Feusels, T Filimonov, K Finley, C Foerster, MM Fox, BD Franckowiak, A Franke, R Gaisser, TK Gallagher, J Ganugapati, R Gerhardt, L Gladstone, L Goldschmidt, A Goodman, JA Gozzini, R Grant, D Griesel, T Gross, A Grullon, S Gunasingha, RM Gurtner, M Ha, C Hallgren, A Halzen, F Han, K Hanson, K Hasegawa, Y Heise, J Helbing, K Herquet, P Hickford, S Hill, GC Hoffman, KD Hoshina, K Hubert, D Huelsnitz, W Hulss, JP Hulth, PO Hultqvist, K Hussain, S Imlay, RL Inaba, M Ishihara, A Jacobsen, J Japaridze, GS Johansson, H Joseph, JM Kampert, KH Kappes, A Karg, T Karle, A Kelley, JL Kenny, P Kiryluk, J Kislat, F Klein, SR Klepser, S Knops, S Kohnen, G Kolanoski, H Kopke, L Kowalski, M Kowarik, T Krasberg, M Kuehn, K Kuwabara, T Labare, M Lafebre, S Laihem, K Landsman, H Lauer, R Leich, H Lennarz, D Lucke, A Lundberg, J Lunemann, J Madsen, J Majumdar, P Maruyama, R Mase, K Matis, HS McParland, CP Meagher, K Merck, M Meszaros, P Middell, E Milke, N Miyamoto, H Mohr, A Montaruli, T Morse, R Movit, SM Munich, K Nahnhauer, R Nam, JW Nieen, P Nygren, DR Odrowski, S Olivas, A Olivo, M Ono, M Panknin, S Patton, S Heros, CPD Petrovic, J Piegsa, A Pieloth, D Pohl, AC Porrata, R Potthoff, N Price, PB Prikockis, M Przybylski, GT Rawlins, K Redl, P Resconi, E Rhode, W Ribordy, M Rizzo, A Rodrigues, JP Roth, P Rothmaier, F Rott, C Roucelle, C Rutledge, D Ryckbosch, D Sander, HG Sarkar, S Satalecka, K Schlenstedt, S Schmidt, T Schneider, D Schukraft, A Schulz, O Schunck, M Seckel, D Semburg, B Seo, SH Sestayo, Y Seunarine, S Silvestri, A Slipak, A Spiczak, GM Spiering, C Stamatikos, M Stanev, T Stephens, G Stezelberger, T Stokstad, RG Stoufer, MC Stoyanov, S Strahler, EA Straszheim, T Sulanke, KH Sullivan, GW Swillens, Q Taboada, I Tarasova, O Tepe, A Ter-Antonyan, S Terranova, C Tilav, S Tluczykont, M Toale, PA Tosi, D Turcan, D van Eijndhoven, N Vandenbroucke, J Van Overloop, A Voigt, B Walck, C Waldenmaier, T Walter, M Wendt, C Westerhoff, S Whitehorn, N Wiebusch, CH Wiedemann, A Wikstrom, G Williams, DR Wischnewski, R Wissing, H Woschnagg, K Xu, XW Yodh, G Yoshida, S AF Abbasi, R. Abdou, Y. Ackermann, M. Adams, J. Aguilar, J. Ahlers, M. Andeen, K. Auffenberg, J. Bai, X. Baker, M. Barwick, S. W. Bay, R. Alba, J. L. Bazo Beattie, K. Beatty, J. J. Bechet, S. Becker, J. K. Becker, K. -H. Benabderrahmane, M. L. Berdermann, J. Berghaus, P. Berley, D. Bernardini, E. Bertrand, D. Besson, D. Z. Bissok, M. Blaufuss, E. Boersma, D. J. Bohm, C. Bolmont, J. Boeser, S. Botner, O. Bradley, L. Braun, J. Breder, D. Castermans, T. Chirkin, D. Christy, B. Clem, J. Cohen, S. Cowen, D. F. D'Agostino, M. V. Danninger, M. Day, C. T. De Clercq, C. Demiroers, L. Depaepe, O. Descamps, F. Desiati, P. de Vries-Uiterweerd, G. DeYoung, T. Diaz-Velez, J. C. Dreyer, J. Dumm, J. P. Duvoort, M. R. Edwards, W. R. Ehrlich, R. Eisch, J. Ellsworth, R. W. Engdegard, O. Euler, S. Evenson, P. A. Fadiran, O. Fazely, A. R. Feusels, T. Filimonov, K. Finley, C. Foerster, M. M. Fox, B. D. Franckowiak, A. Franke, R. Gaisser, T. K. Gallagher, J. Ganugapati, R. Gerhardt, L. Gladstone, L. Goldschmidt, A. Goodman, J. A. Gozzini, R. Grant, D. Griesel, T. Gross, A. Grullon, S. Gunasingha, R. M. Gurtner, M. Ha, C. Hallgren, A. Halzen, F. Han, K. Hanson, K. Hasegawa, Y. Heise, J. Helbing, K. Herquet, P. Hickford, S. Hill, G. C. Hoffman, K. D. Hoshina, K. Hubert, D. Huelsnitz, W. Huelss, J. -P. Hulth, P. O. Hultqvist, K. Hussain, S. Imlay, R. L. Inaba, M. Ishihara, A. Jacobsen, J. Japaridze, G. S. Johansson, H. Joseph, J. M. Kampert, K. -H. Kappes, A. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kelley, J. L. Kenny, P. Kiryluk, J. Kislat, F. Klein, S. R. Klepser, S. Knops, S. Kohnen, G. Kolanoski, H. Koepke, L. Kowalski, M. Kowarik, T. Krasberg, M. Kuehn, K. Kuwabara, T. Labare, M. Lafebre, S. Laihem, K. Landsman, H. Lauer, R. Leich, H. Lennarz, D. Lucke, A. Lundberg, J. Luenemann, J. Madsen, J. Majumdar, P. Maruyama, R. Mase, K. Matis, H. S. McParland, C. P. Meagher, K. Merck, M. Meszaros, P. Middell, E. Milke, N. Miyamoto, H. Mohr, A. Montaruli, T. Morse, R. Movit, S. M. Muenich, K. Nahnhauer, R. Nam, J. W. Nieen, P. Nygren, D. R. Odrowski, S. Olivas, A. Olivo, M. Ono, M. Panknin, S. Patton, S. Perez de los Heros, C. Petrovic, J. Piegsa, A. Pieloth, D. Pohl, A. C. Porrata, R. Potthoff, N. Price, P. B. Prikockis, M. Przybylski, G. T. Rawlins, K. Redl, P. Resconi, E. Rhode, W. Ribordy, M. Rizzo, A. Rodrigues, J. P. Roth, P. Rothmaier, F. Rott, C. Roucelle, C. Rutledge, D. Ryckbosch, D. Sander, H. -G. Sarkar, S. Satalecka, K. Schlenstedt, S. Schmidt, T. Schneider, D. Schukraft, A. Schulz, O. Schunck, M. Seckel, D. Semburg, B. Seo, S. H. Sestayo, Y. Seunarine, S. Silvestri, A. Slipak, A. Spiczak, G. M. Spiering, C. Stamatikos, M. Stanev, T. Stephens, G. Stezelberger, T. Stokstad, R. G. Stoufer, M. C. Stoyanov, S. Strahler, E. A. Straszheim, T. Sulanke, K. -H. Sullivan, G. W. Swillens, Q. Taboada, I. Tarasova, O. Tepe, A. Ter-Antonyan, S. Terranova, C. Tilav, S. Tluczykont, M. Toale, P. A. Tosi, D. Turcan, D. van Eijndhoven, N. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Overloop, A. Voigt, B. Walck, C. Waldenmaier, T. Walter, M. Wendt, C. Westerhoff, S. Whitehorn, N. Wiebusch, C. H. Wiedemann, A. Wikstrom, G. Williams, D. R. Wischnewski, R. Wissing, H. Woschnagg, K. Xu, X. W. Yodh, G. Yoshida, S. CA IceCube Collaboration TI FIRST NEUTRINO POINT-SOURCE RESULTS FROM THE 22 STRING ICECUBE DETECTOR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; cosmic rays; neutrinos ID HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINOS; GAMMA-RAYS; TELESCOPES; ASTRONOMY AB We present new results of searches for neutrino point sources in the northern sky, using data recorded in 2007-2008 with 22 strings of the IceCube detector (approximately one-fourth of the planned total) and 275.7 days of live time. The final sample of 5114 neutrino candidate events agrees well with the expected background of atmospheric muon neutrinos and a small component of atmospheric muons. No evidence of a point source is found, with the most significant excess of events in the sky at 2.2 sigma after accounting for all trials. The average upper limit over the northern sky for point sources of muon-neutrinos with E(-2) spectrum is E(2) Phi(v mu) < 1.4 x 10(-11) TeV cm(-2) s(-1), in the energy range from 3 TeV to 3 PeV, improving the previous best average upper limit by the AMANDA-II detector by a factor of 2. C1 [Abbasi, R.; Aguilar, J.; Andeen, K.; Baker, M.; Berghaus, P.; Boersma, D. J.; Braun, J.; Chirkin, D.; Desiati, P.; Diaz-Velez, J. C.; Dumm, J. P.; Eisch, J.; Finley, C.; Ganugapati, R.; Gladstone, L.; Grullon, S.; Halzen, F.; Hanson, K.; Hill, G. C.; Hoshina, K.; Jacobsen, J.; Kappes, A.; Karle, A.; Kelley, J. L.; Krasberg, M.; Landsman, H.; Maruyama, R.; Merck, M.; Montaruli, T.; Morse, R.; Rodrigues, J. P.; Schneider, D.; Strahler, E. A.; Wendt, C.; Westerhoff, S.; Whitehorn, N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abdou, Y.; Descamps, F.; de Vries-Uiterweerd, G.; Feusels, T.; Ryckbosch, D.; Van Overloop, A.] Univ Ghent, Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Ackermann, M.; Alba, J. L. Bazo; Benabderrahmane, M. L.; Berdermann, J.; Bernardini, E.; Bolmont, J.; Boeser, S.; Franke, R.; Kislat, F.; Klepser, S.; Lauer, R.; Leich, H.; Majumdar, P.; Middell, E.; Nahnhauer, R.; Pieloth, D.; Satalecka, K.; Schlenstedt, S.; Spiering, C.; Sulanke, K. -H.; Tarasova, O.; Tluczykont, M.; Tosi, D.; Voigt, B.; Walter, M.; Wischnewski, R.] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany. [Adams, J.; Gross, A.; Han, K.; Hickford, S.; Seunarine, S.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahlers, M.; Sander, H. -G.; Sarkar, S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Auffenberg, J.; Becker, K. -H.; Breder, D.; Gurtner, M.; Helbing, K.; Kampert, K. -H.; Karg, T.; Potthoff, N.; Semburg, B.; Tepe, A.] Univ Wuppertal, Dept Phys, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. [Bai, X.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Nieen, P.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Auffenberg, J.; Clem, J.; Evenson, P. A.; Gaisser, T. K.; Hussain, S.; Kuwabara, T.; Nieen, P.; Seckel, D.; Stanev, T.; Stoyanov, S.; Tilav, S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Barwick, S. W.; Nam, J. W.; Silvestri, A.; Yodh, G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Bay, R.; D'Agostino, M. V.; Filimonov, K.; Gerhardt, L.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Porrata, R.; Price, P. B.; Vandenbroucke, J.; Woschnagg, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beattie, K.; Day, C. T.; Edwards, W. R.; Gerhardt, L.; Goldschmidt, A.; Joseph, J. M.; Kiryluk, J.; Klein, S. R.; Matis, H. S.; McParland, C. P.; Nygren, D. R.; Panknin, S.; Patton, S.; Przybylski, G. T.; Stezelberger, T.; Stokstad, R. G.; Stoufer, M. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.; Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Beatty, J. J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bechet, S.; Bertrand, D.; Labare, M.; Petrovic, J.; Swillens, Q.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Becker, J. K.; Dreyer, J.; Milke, N.; Muenich, K.; Rhode, W.; Wiedemann, A.] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Berley, D.; Blaufuss, E.; Christy, B.; Ehrlich, R.; Ellsworth, R. W.; Goodman, J. A.; Hoffman, K. D.; Huelsnitz, W.; Meagher, K.; Olivas, A.; Redl, P.; Roth, P.; Schmidt, T.; Straszheim, T.; Sullivan, G. W.; Turcan, D.; Wissing, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Besson, D. Z.; Kenny, P.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bissok, M.; Euler, S.; Huelss, J. -P.; Knops, S.; Laihem, K.; Lennarz, D.; Schukraft, A.; Schunck, M.; Wiebusch, C. H.; Wissing, H.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. [Bohm, C.; Danninger, M.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Johansson, H.; Nygren, D. R.; Seo, S. H.; Walck, C.; Wikstrom, G.] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Botner, O.; Engdegard, O.; Hallgren, A.; Lundberg, J.; Olivo, M.; Perez de los Heros, C.; Pohl, A. C.] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Bradley, L.; Cowen, D. F.; DeYoung, T.; Foerster, M. M.; Fox, B. D.; Grant, D.; Ha, C.; Lafebre, S.; Meszaros, P.; Prikockis, M.; Rutledge, D.; Slipak, A.; Toale, P. A.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Castermans, T.; Herquet, P.; Kohnen, G.] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. [Cohen, S.; Demiroers, L.; Ribordy, M.; Terranova, C.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, High Energy Phys Lab, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Cowen, D. F.; Meszaros, P.; Movit, S. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [De Clercq, C.; Depaepe, O.; Hubert, D.; Rizzo, A.] Vrije Univ Brussels, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Duvoort, M. R.; Heise, J.; van Eijndhoven, N.] Univ Utrecht, SRON, Dept Phys & Astron, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Fadiran, O.; Japaridze, G. S.] Clark Atlanta Univ, CTSPS, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. [Fazely, A. R.; Gunasingha, R. M.; Imlay, R. L.; Ter-Antonyan, S.; Xu, X. W.] Southern Univ, Dept Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. [Franckowiak, A.; Kolanoski, H.; Kowalski, M.; Lucke, A.; Mohr, A.; Panknin, S.; Waldenmaier, T.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Gallagher, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gozzini, R.; Griesel, T.; Koepke, L.; Kowarik, T.; Luenemann, J.; Piegsa, A.; Rothmaier, F.; Sander, H. -G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Gross, A.; Odrowski, S.; Resconi, E.; Roucelle, C.; Schulz, O.; Sestayo, Y.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany. [Hasegawa, Y.; Inaba, M.; Ishihara, A.; Mase, K.; Miyamoto, H.; Ono, M.; Yoshida, S.] Chiba Univ, Dept Phys, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Madsen, J.; Spiczak, G. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA. [Rawlins, K.] Univ Alaska, Dept Phys & Astron, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Taboada, I.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Williams, D. R.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Kappes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Ctr Relativist Astrophys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Kuehn, K.; Rott, C.; Stamatikos, M.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bohm, C.; Danninger, M.; Hulth, P. O.; Hultqvist, K.; Johansson, H.; Nygren, D. R.; Seo, S. H.; Walck, C.; Wikstrom, G.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kappes, A.; Taboada, I.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Pohl, A. C.] Kalmar Univ, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abbasi, R (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jdumm@icecube.wisc.edu; cfinley@icecube.wisc.edu RI Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Kowalski, Marek/G-5546-2012; Botner, Olga/A-9110-2013; Hallgren, Allan/A-8963-2013; Tjus, Julia/G-8145-2012; Auffenberg, Jan/D-3954-2014; Aguilar Sanchez, Juan Antonio/H-4467-2015; Maruyama, Reina/A-1064-2013; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011 OI Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Benabderrahmane, Mohamed Lotfi/0000-0003-4410-5886; Ter-Antonyan, Samvel/0000-0002-5788-1369; Schukraft, Anne/0000-0002-9112-5479; Perez de los Heros, Carlos/0000-0002-2084-5866; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Auffenberg, Jan/0000-0002-1185-9094; Aguilar Sanchez, Juan Antonio/0000-0003-2252-9514; Maruyama, Reina/0000-0003-2794-512X; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952 FU U. S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Program; U. S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division; University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation; U. S. Department of Energy; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI); Swedish Research Council; Swedish Polar Research Secretariat; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO); Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); SNF (Switzerland); EU Marie Curie OIF Program; Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil FX We acknowledge the support from the following agencies: U. S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Program, U. S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division, University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, U. S. Department of Energy, and National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI) grid computing resources; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO), Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT), Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo); the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); M. Ribordy acknowledges the support of the SNF (Switzerland); A. Kappes and A. Gross acknowledge support by the EU Marie Curie OIF Program; J. P. Rodrigues acknowledges support by the Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil. NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 701 IS 1 BP L47 EP L51 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/701/1/L47 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 475EG UT WOS:000268340600011 ER PT J AU Mueschke, NJ Schilling, O Youngs, DL Andrews, MJ AF Mueschke, Nicholas J. Schilling, Oleg Youngs, David L. Andrews, Malcolm J. TI Measurements of molecular mixing in a high-Schmidt-number Rayleigh-Taylor mixing layer SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ATWOOD-NUMBER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; CHEMICAL-REACTION; INSTABILITY; TURBULENCE; DENSITY; COMBUSTION; TRANSITION; FLOWS; MODEL AB Molecular mixing measurements are reported for a high-Schmidt-number (Sc similar to 10(3)), small-Atwood-number (A approximate to 7.5 x 10(-4)) buoyancy-driven turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mixing layer in a water channel facility. Salt was added to the top water stream to create the desired density difference. The degree of molecular mixing was measured as a function of time by monitoring a diffusion-limited chemical reaction between the two fluid streams. The pH of each stream was modified by the addition of acid or alkali such that a local neutralization reaction occurred as the two fluids molecularly mixed. The progress of this neutralization reaction was tracked by the addition of phenolphthalein - a pH-sensitive chemical indicator - to the acidic stream. Accurately calibrated backlit optical techniques were used to measure the average concentration of the Coloured chemical indicator. Comparisons of chemical product formation for pre-transitional buoyancy- and shear-driven mixing layers are given. It Is also shown that experiments performed at different equivalence ratios (acid/alkali concentrations) can be combined to obtain a mathematical relationship between the Coloured product formed and the density variance. This relationship was used to obtain high-fidelity quantitative measures of the degree of molecular mixing which are independent of probe resolution constraints. The dependence of molecular mixing on the Schmidt and Reynolds numbers is examined by comparing the current Sc similar to 10(3) measurements with previous Sc = 0.7 gas-phase and Pr = 7 (where Pr is the Prandtl number) liquid-phase measurements. This comparison indicates that the Schmidt number has a large effect on the quantity of mixed fluid at small Reynolds numbers Re(h) < 10(3). At larger Reynolds numbers, corresponding to later times in this experiment, all mixing parameters indicated a greater degree of molecular mixing and a decreased Schmidt number dependence. Implications for the development and quantitative assessment of turbulent transport and mixing models appropriate for RT instability-induced mixing are discussed. C1 [Mueschke, Nicholas J.; Andrews, Malcolm J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Schilling, Oleg] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Youngs, David L.] Atom Weap Estab, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Andrews, Malcolm J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Andrews, MJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mandrews@lanl.gov OI Schilling, Oleg/0000-0002-0623-2940 FU US Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-FG03-02NA00060]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliances programme through DOE Research Grant #DE-FG03-02NA00060. This work was also performed under the auspices of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 632 BP 17 EP 48 DI 10.1017/S0022112009006132 PG 32 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 484YX UT WOS:000269088200003 ER PT J AU Yu, XG Chen, SJ Wang, XP Chen, XT Xue, ZL AF Yu, Xianghua Chen, Shu-Jian Wang, Xiaoping Chen, Xue-Tai Xue, Zi-Ling TI Synthesis and Characterization of Group 4 Amide Chloride and Amide Imide Complexes SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; ANIONIC PI-LIGANDS; NITRIDE THIN-FILMS; X-RAY-STRUCTURE; SI-C BONDS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; METAL-COMPLEXES; TITANIUM COMPLEXES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE AB Group 4 amide chloride complexes (Me(2)N)(2)Ht[N(SiMe(3))(2)]Cl (1b), [(Me(3)Si)(2)N](2)MCl(2)Li(THF)(3)Cl (M = Zr, 2a; Hf, 2b), and [(Me(3)Si)(2)MCl(2)MCl(2)(THF) (M = Zr, 3a; Hf, 3b) and their X-ray crystal structures are reported. An improved synthesis of {[(Me(3)Si)(2)N]Ti(mu-NSiMe(3))Cl}(2) (4) and its use to prepare amide imide {[(Me(3)Si)(2)N]Ti(mu-NSiMe(3))(NMe(2)}(2) (5) are also presented. X-ray crystal structures of 5 and previously reported complexes (Me(2)N)(2)Zr[N(SiMe(3))(2)]Cl (1a), [(Me(3)Si)(2)N](2)TiCl(2) (6), and [(Me(3)Si)(2)N]ZrCl(3)(THF)(2) (7) have been determined. Both 1a and 1b are dimers {[(Me(3)Si)(2)N](2)TiCl(2) (M = Zr, Hf) in the solid state. C1 [Yu, Xianghua; Chen, Shu-Jian; Xue, Zi-Ling] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wang, Xiaoping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Xue-Tai] Nanjing Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Nanjing Natl Lab Microstruct, State Key Lab Coordinat Chem, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. RP Xue, ZL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM xue@utk.edu RI Wang, Xiaoping/E-8050-2012 OI Wang, Xiaoping/0000-0001-7143-8112 NR 93 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 28 IS 15 BP 4269 EP 4275 DI 10.1021/om900070k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 476PY UT WOS:000268455900009 ER PT J AU Ahn, T Coquard, L Pietralla, N Rainovski, G Costin, A Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Carpenter, M Zhu, S Heyde, K AF Ahn, T. Coquard, L. Pietralla, N. Rainovski, G. Costin, A. Janssens, R. V. F. Lister, C. J. Carpenter, M. Zhu, S. Heyde, K. TI Evolution of the one-phonon 2(1,ms)(+) mixed-symmetry state in N=80 isotones as a local measure for the proton-neutron quadrupole interaction SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Mixed-symmetry states; Coulomb excitation; Angular distribution; Proton-neutron quadrupole interaction ID STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; SHELL-MODEL; NUCLEI; SCATTERING; CE-142; EXCITATIONS; ND-144 AB An inverse kinematics Coulomb excitation experiment was performed to obtain absolute E2 and M1 transition strengths in Xe-134. The measured transition strengths indicate that the 2(3)(+) state of Xe-134 is the dominant fragment of the one-phonon 2(1,ms)(+) mixed-symmetry state. Comparing the energy of the 2(1,ms)(+) mixed-symmetry state in Xe-134 to that of the 2(1,ms)(+) levels in the N = 80 isotonic chain indicates that the separation in energy between the fully-symmetric 2(1)(+) state and the 2(1,ms)(+) level increases as a function of the number of proton pairs Outside the Z = 50 shell closure. This behavior call be understood as resulting from the mixing of the basic components of a two-fluid quantum system. A phenomenological fit based on this concept was performed. It provides the first experimental estimate of the strength of the proton-neutron quadrupole interaction derived from nuclear collective states with symmetric and antisymmetric nature. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ahn, T.] Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ahn, T.; Costin, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Ahn, T.; Coquard, L.; Pietralla, N.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Rainovski, G.] St Kliment Ohridski Univ Safia, Fac Phys, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria. [Janssens, R. V. F.; Lister, C. J.; Carpenter, M.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Heyde, K.] Dept Subatom & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Ahn, T (reprint author), Yale Univ, Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM tan.ahn@yale.edu RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Ahn, Tan/C-9158-2016; Rainovski, Georgi/A-3450-2008 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Ahn, Tan/0000-0003-2249-7399; Rainovski, Georgi/0000-0002-1729-0249 FU BGNSF [DO 02-219]; DFG; SFB [634, 393/2-1]; Helmholtz International Center for FAIR; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-91ER40609]; German-Bulgarian [D/06/05918, DAAD-09]; FWO-Vlaanderen; Inter-University Attraction Poles Program, Belgian State-Belgian Science Policy FX We thank the technical staff of the ATLAS facility at Argonne National Laboratory for its work in preparing and producing the 134Xe beam for this experiment, C. Bauer for his assistance in calculating the statistical tensors, and F. lachello for enlightening discussions oil the interpretation of our results. G.R. acknowledges the support from the BGNSF under contract DO 02-219. This work was supported by the DFG under grant Nos. SFB 634 and Pi 393/2-1, by the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR, by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and No. DE-FG02-91ER40609 and is partially Supported by the German-Bulgarian exchange program under grants D/06/05918 and DAAD-09. Financial support from the FWO-Vlaanderen is acknowledged. This research was also performed in the framework of the Brix network (IAP P6/23) funded by the Inter-University Attraction Poles Program, Belgian State-Belgian Science Policy. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 679 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.06.066 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 487TS UT WOS:000269299900005 ER PT J AU Johnson, SM Williams, JR AF Johnson, Scott M. Williams, John R. TI Sub-discretized surface model with application to contact mechanics in multi-body simulation SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Discrete Element Methods CY AUG, 2007 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA DE Discrete element modeling; Contact mechanics; Adhesion; Elasto-plastic; Archard's model ID GRANULAR INSULATOR SYSTEMS; SINGLE-ASPERITY CONTACTS; FORCE-DISPLACEMENT MODEL; TANGENTIAL FORCE; ELASTIC SOLIDS; DETECTION ALGORITHM; ELEMENT SIMULATION; FLOW SIMULATIONS; PARTICLE-SHAPE; ADHESION AB The mechanics of contact between rough and imperfectly spherical adhesive powder grains are often complicated by a variety of factors, including several which vary over sub-grain length scales. These include several traction factors that vary spatially over the surface of the individual grains, including high energy electron and acceptor sites (electrostatic), hydrophobic and hydrophilic sites (electrostatic and capillary), surface energy (general adhesion), geometry (van der Waals and mechanical), and elasto-plastic deformation (mechanical). For mechanical deformation and reaction, coupled motions. such as twisting as well as surface roughness add an asymmetry to the contact force which with bending and sliding, invalidates assumptions for popular models of contact, such as the Hertzian and its derivatives [H. Hertz, Uber die Beruhrung fester elastische korper. journal fur die reine and angewandte Mathematik 1882; 92: 156-171; R.D. Mindlin, Compliance of elastic bodies in contact. Journal of Applied Mechanics 1949; 71: 259268; R.D. Mindlin, H. Deresiewicz, Elastic spheres in contact under varying oblique forces. Journal of Applied Mechanics 1953; 20: 269-286], for the non-adhesive case, and the JKR [K.L Johnson, K. Kendall, A.D. Roberts, Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1971; 324: 301313] and DMT [B.V. Derjaguin, V.M. Muller, Y.P. Toporov, Effect of contact deformations on the adhesion of particles. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 1975; 53: 314-326] models for adhesive contacts. Though several contact laws have been offered to ameliorate these drawbacks, they are often constrained to particular loading paths (most often normal loading) and are relatively complicated for computational implementation. This paper offers a simple and general computational method for augmenting contact law predictions in multi-body simulations through characterization of the contact surfaces using a hierarchically-defined surface sub-discretization. For the case of adhesive contact between powder grains in low-stress regimes, this technique can allow a variety of existing contact laws to be resolved across scales, allowing for moments and torques about the contact area as well as normal and tangential tractions to be resolved. This is especially useful for multi-body simulation applications where the modeler desires statistical distributions and calibration for parameters in contact laws commonly used for resolving near-surface contact mechanics. The approach is verified against analytical results for the case of rough, elastic spheres. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Scott M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Williams, John R.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Johnson, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM johnson346@llnl.gov NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 193 IS 3 BP 319 EP 331 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2009.03.006 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 459HT UT WOS:000267093000011 ER PT J AU Wunderlich, B AF Wunderlich, Bernhard TI Thermodynamics and properties of nanophases SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Lahnwitz Seminar on Calorimetry CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Rostock, GERMANY DE Nanophase thermodynamics; Molecule type; Phase type; Phase size; Glass transition; Order-disorder transition; Nanophase; Microphase; Macrophase; Structure; Property ID GLASS-TRANSITION REGION; SEMIFLEXIBLE MESOGEN 1-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-2-(2-METHYL-4-HYDROXYPHENYL)ETHANE; TEMPERATURE-MODULATED CALORIMETRY; QUANTITATIVE THERMAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; HEAT-CAPACITIES; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; ALPHA-METHYLSTYRENE; POLY(AMINO ACID)S; PHASE AB A large volume of today's research deals with nanophases of various types. The materials engineer, chemist. or physicist, however, when dealing with applications of nanophases is often unaware of the effect of the small size on structure and properties. The smallest nanophases reach the limit of phase definitions by approaching atomic dimensions. There, the required homogeneity of a phase is lost and undue property fluctuations destroy the usefulness of thermodynamic functions. In fact. it was not expected that a definite nanophase would exist below the size of a microphase. An effort is made in this review to identify macrophases, microphases, and nanophases. It is shown that nanophases should contain no bulk matter as defined by macrophases and also found in microphases. The structure and properties of nanophases, thus, must be different from macrophases and microphases. These changes may include different crystal and amorphous structures, and phase transitions of higher or of lower temperature. The phase properties are changing continuously when going from one surface to the opposite one. The discussion makes use of results from structure determination, calorimetry, molecular motion evaluations, and molecular dynamics simulations. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wunderlich, Bernhard] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Wunderlich, Bernhard] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM Wunderlich@CharterTN.net NR 94 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD AUG 10 PY 2009 VL 492 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 2 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2008.10.026 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 479GE UT WOS:000268646900002 ER PT J AU Liu, FD Jones, KM Xu, YQ Nemeth, W Lohr, J Neilson, J Romero, MJ Al-Jassim, MM Young, DL AF Liu, Fude Jones, Kim M. Xu, Yueqin Nemeth, William Lohr, John Neilson, Jeff Romero, Manue J. Al-Jassim, Mowafak M. Young, David L. TI Ultrahigh-Crystalline-Quality Silicon Pillars Formed by Millimeter-Wave Annealing of Amorphous Silicon on Glass SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FILM SOLAR-CELLS; ALUMINUM-INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; SI AB Silicon pillars are formed by millisecond-long, single-pulse annealing of 110 GHz millimeter-wave radiation incident upon intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films deposited on glass by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. The image was taken at a sample tilt angle of 52 degrees for a better 3D view. C1 [Liu, Fude; Jones, Kim M.; Xu, Yueqin; Nemeth, William; Romero, Manue J.; Al-Jassim, Mowafak M.; Young, David L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lohr, John] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Neilson, Jeff] Lexam Res, Redwood City, CA 94062 USA. RP Liu, FD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM fude_liu@nrel.gov RI Liu, Fude/E-9873-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work has been funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC36-99GO10337. The authors thank A. Duda at NREL for growing SiO2 layers. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 29 BP 3002 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200900157 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 484ZV UT WOS:000269090800009 ER PT J AU Garand, E Yacovitch, TI Neumark, DM AF Garand, Etienne Yacovitch, Tara I. Neumark, Daniel M. TI Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of C(3)O(-) and C(3)S(-) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE carbon compounds; electron affinity; electron detachment; ground states; molecular configurations; molecule-photon collisions; negative ions; photoelectron spectra; vibrational states ID CARBON-SULFUR CLUSTERS; TRICARBON MONOXIDE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; ASTRONOMICAL IDENTIFICATION; LABORATORY DETECTION; CHAIN MOLECULE; NEGATIVE-IONS; RESOLUTION; CCCO; CNS AB High-resolution photodetachment spectra of C(3)O(-) and C(3)S(-) using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy are reported. Well-resolved transitions to the neutral X approximate to (1)Sigma(+) state are seen for both species. The electron affinities of C(3)O and C(3)S are determined to be EA(C(3)O)=1.237 +/- 0.003 eV and EA(C(3)S)=1.5957 +/- 0.0010 eV, respectively. Several vibrational frequencies for gas phase C(3)O and C(3)S are determined for the first time. The long progression of bending modes observed in the spectra is consistent with electronic structure calculations predicting that the C(3)O(-) and C(3)S(-) have bent equilibrium geometries. C1 [Garand, Etienne; Yacovitch, Tara I.; Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009; OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473; Garand, Etienne/0000-0001-5062-5453 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-03-1-0085]; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. F49620-03-1-0085. E. G. thanks the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for a postgraduate scholarship and T. Y. thanks the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) for a master's scholarship. NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 5 AR 054312 DI 10.1063/1.3200927 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 481KT UT WOS:000268809800023 PM 19673567 ER PT J AU Perry, JJP Harris, RM Moiani, D Olson, AJ Tainer, JA AF Perry, J. Jefferson P. Harris, Rodney M. Moiani, Davide Olson, Arthur J. Tainer, John A. TI p38 alpha MAP Kinase C-Terminal Domain Binding Pocket Characterized by Crystallographic and Computational Analyses SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE p38 alpha; MAP kinase insert; small-molecule inhibitor; leukotriene; anisomycin ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; DOCKING INTERACTIONS; AUTOMATED DOCKING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL BASIS; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; SIGNALING SPECIFICITY; WERNER-SYNDROME; STRESS KINASE; CELL-LINE AB The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase protein family has a critical role in cellular signaling events, with MAP kinase p38 alpha acting in inflammatory processes and being an important drug discovery target. MAP kinase drug design efforts have focused on small-molecule inhibitors of the ATP catalytic site, which exhibit dose-limiting adverse effects. Therefore, characterizing other potential sites that bind substrates, inhibitors, or allosteric effectors is of great interest. Here, we present the crystal structure of human p38 alpha MAP kinase, which has a lead compound bound both in the active site and in the lipid-binding site of the C-terminal cap. This C-terminal cap is formed from an extension to the kinase fold, unique to the MAP kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase families and glycogen synthase kinase 3. Binding of this lead, 4-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyridine, to wild-type p38 alpha induces movement of the C-terminal cap region, creating a hydrophobic pocket centered around residue Trp197. Computational analysis of this C-terminal domain pocket indicates notable flexibility for potentially binding different-shaped compounds, including lipids, oxidized arachidonic acid species such as leukotrienes, and small-molecule effectors. Furthermore, our structural results defining the open p38 alpha C-lobe pocket provide a detailed framework for the design of novel small molecules with affinities comparable to active-site binders: to bind and potentially modulate the shape and activity of p38 alpha in predetermined ways. Moreover, these results and analyses of p38 alpha suggest strategies for designing specific binding compounds applicable to other MAP kinases, as well as the cyclin-dependent kinase family and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta that also utilize the C-terminal insert in their interactions. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Perry, J. Jefferson P.; Harris, Rodney M.; Moiani, Davide; Olson, Arthur J.; Tainer, John A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Perry, J. Jefferson P.] Amrita Univ, Sch Biotechnol, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India. [Tainer, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, 10666 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jat@scripps.edu FU Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory staff; National Institutes of Health [R24-CA095830, R01-GM069832]; [CA104660] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory staff, and we would like to thank Hugo Villar (Altoris, Inc.) and Dr. Steve Reed as well as members of the Tainer Laboratory at The Scripps Research Institute for their comments. This work was supported in part by grant CA104660 to John A. Tainer and National Institutes of Health grants R24-CA095830 and ROI-GM069832 to Art Olson. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 391 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.06.005 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 479HX UT WOS:000268651400001 PM 19501598 ER PT J AU Aaltonen, T Adelman, J Akimoto, T Gonzalez, BA Amerio, S Amidei, D Anastassov, A Annovi, A Antos, J Apollinari, G Apresyan, A Arisawa, T Artikov, A Ashmanskas, W Attal, A Aurisano, A Azfar, F Azzurri, P Badgett, W Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Bartsch, V Bauer, G Beauchemin, PH Bedeschi, F Beecher, D Behari, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Beretvas, A Beringer, J Bhatti, A Binkley, M Bisello, D Bizjak, I Blair, RE Blocker, C Blumenfeld, B Bocci, A Bodek, A Boisvert, V Bolla, G Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Boveia, A Brau, B Bridgeman, A Brigliadori, L Bromberg, C Brubaker, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Budd, S Burke, S Burkett, K Busetto, G Bussey, P Buzatu, A Byrum, KL Cabrera, S Calancha, C Campanelli, M Campbell, M Canelli, F Canepa, A Carls, B Carlsmith, D Carosi, R Carrillo, S Carron, S Casal, B Casarsa, M Castro, A Catastini, P Cauz, D Cavaliere, V Cavalli-Sforza, M Cerri, A Cerrito, L Chang, SH Chen, YC Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Cho, K Chokheli, D Chou, JP Choudalakis, G Chuang, SH Chung, K Chung, WH Chung, YS Chwalek, T Ciobanu, CI Ciocci, MA Clark, A Clark, D Compostella, G Convery, ME Conway, J Cordelli, M Cortiana, G Cox, CA Cox, DJ Crescioli, F Almenar, CC Cuevas, J Culbertson, R Cully, JC Dagenhart, D Datta, M Davies, T de Barbaro, P De Cecco, S Deisher, A De Lorenzo, G Dell'Orso, M Deluca, C Demay, C Demortier, L Deng, J Deninno, M Derwent, PF di Giovanni, GP Dionisi, C Di Ruzza, B Dittmann, JR D'Onofrio, M Donati, S Dong, P Donini, J Dorigo, T Dube, S Efron, J Elagin, A Erbacher, R Errede, D Errede, S Eusebi, R Fang, HC Farrington, S Fedorko, WT Feild, RG Feindt, M Fernandez, JP Ferrazza, C Field, R Flanagan, G Forrest, R Frank, MJ Franklin, M Freeman, JC Furic, I Gallinaro, M Galyardt, J Garberson, F Garcia, JE Garfinkel, AF Genser, K Gerberich, H Gerdes, D Gessler, A Giagu, S Giakoumopoulou, V Giannetti, P Gibson, K Gimmell, JL Ginsburg, CM Giokaris, N Giordani, M Giromini, P Giunta, M Giurgiu, G Glagolev, V Glenzinski, D Gold, M Goldschmidt, N Golossanov, A Gomez, G Gomez-Ceballos, G Goncharov, M Gonzalez, O Gorelov, I Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Gresele, A Grinstein, S Grosso-Pilcher, C Group, RC Grundler, U da Costa, JG Gunay-Unalan, Z Haber, C Hahn, K Hahn, SR Halkiadakis, E Han, BY Han, JY Happacher, F Hara, K Hare, D Hare, M Harper, S Harr, RF Harris, RM Hartz, M Hatakeyama, K Hays, C Heck, M Heijboer, A Heinrich, J Henderson, C Herndon, M Heuser, J Hewamanage, S Hidas, D Hill, CS Hirschbuehl, D Hocker, A Hou, S Houlden, M Hsu, SC Huffman, BT Hughes, RE Husemann, U Hussein, M Husemann, U Huston, J Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iori, M Ivanov, A James, E Jayatilaka, B Jeon, EJ Jha, MK Jindariani, S Johnson, W Jones, M Joo, KK Jun, SY Jung, JE Junk, TR Kamon, T Kar, D Karchin, PE Kato, Y Kephart, R Keung, J Khotilovich, V Kilminster, B Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, HW Kim, JE Kim, MJ Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kimura, N Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knuteson, B Ko, BR Kondo, K Kong, DJ Konigsberg, J Korytov, A Kotwal, AV Kreps, M Kroll, J Krop, D Krumnack, N Kruse, M Krutelyov, V Kubo, T Kuhr, T Kulkarni, NP Kurata, M Kwang, S Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lancaster, M Lander, RL Lannon, K Lath, A Latino, G Lazzizzera, I LeCompte, T Lee, E Lee, HS Lee, SW Leone, S Lewis, JD Lin, CS Linacre, J Lindgren, M Lipeles, E Lister, A Litvintsev, DO Liu, C Liu, T Lockyer, NS Loginov, A Loreti, M Lovas, L Lucchesi, D Luci, C Lueck, J Lujan, P Lukens, P Lungu, G Lyons, L Lys, J Lysak, R MacQueen, D Madrak, R Maeshima, K Makhoul, K Maki, T Maksimovic, P Malde, S Malik, S Manca, G Manousakis-Katsikakis, A Margaroli, F Marino, C Marino, CP Martin, A Martin, V Martinez, M Martinez-Ballarin, R Maruyama, T Mastrandrea, P Masubuchi, T Mathis, M Mattson, ME Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McNulty, R Mehta, A Mehtala, P Menzione, A Merkel, P Mesropian, C Miao, T Miladinovic, N Miller, R Mills, C Milnik, M Mitra, A Mitselmakher, G Miyake, H Moggi, N Moon, CS Moore, R Morello, MJ Morlock, J Fernandez, PM Mulmenstadt, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Mumford, R Murat, P Mussini, M Nachtman, J Nagai, Y Nagano, A Naganoma, J Nakamura, K Nakano, I Napier, A Necula, V Nett, J Neu, C Neubauer, MS Neubauer, S Nielsen, J Nodulman, L Norman, M Norniella, O Nurse, E Oakes, L Oh, SH Oh, YD Oksuzian, I Okusawa, T Orava, R Osterberg, K Griso, SP Palencia, E Papadimitriou, V Papaikonomou, A Paramonov, AA Parks, B Pashapour, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Paus, C Peiffer, T Pellett, DE Penzo, A Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pianori, E Pinera, L Pitts, K Plager, C Pondrom, L Poukhov, O Pounder, N Prakoshyn, F Pronko, A Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Pueschel, E Punzi, G Pursley, J Rademacker, J Rahaman, A Ramakrishnan, V Ranjan, N Ray, J Redondo, I Renton, P Renz, M Rescigno, M Richter, S Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robson, A Rodrigo, T Rodriguez, T Rogers, E Rolli, S Roser, R Rossi, M Rossin, R Roy, P Ruiz, A Russ, J Rusu, V Saarikko, H Safonov, A Sakumoto, WK Salto, O Santi, L Sarkar, S Sartori, L Sato, K Savoy-Navarro, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, A Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MA Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Schwarz, T Scodellaro, L Scribano, A Scuri, F Sedov, A Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Sexton-Kennedy, L Sforza, F Sfyrla, A Shalhout, SZ Shears, T Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shiraishi, S Shochet, M Shon, Y Shreyber, I Sidoti, A Sinervo, P Sisakyan, A Slaughter, AJ Slaunwhite, J Sliwa, K Smith, JR Snider, FD Snihur, R Soha, A Somalwar, S Sorin, V Spalding, J Spreitzer, T Squillacioti, P Stanitzki, M St Denis, R Stelzer, B Stelzer-Chilton, O Stentz, D Strologas, J Strycker, GL Stuart, D Suh, JS Sukhanov, A Suslov, I Suzuki, T Taffard, A Takashima, R Takeuchi, Y Tanaka, R Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Thom, J Thompson, AS Thompson, GA Thomson, E Tipton, P Ttito-Guzman, P Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tokar, S Tollefson, K Tomura, T Tonelli, D Torre, S Torretta, D Totaro, P Tourneur, S Trovato, M Tsai, SY Tu, Y Turini, N Ukegawa, F Vallecorsa, S van Remortel, N Varganov, A Vataga, E Vazquez, F Velev, G Vellidis, C Vidal, M Vidal, R Vila, I Vilar, R Vine, T Vogel, M Volobouev, I Volpi, G Wagner, P Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wagner, W Wagner-Kuhr, J Wakisaka, T Wallny, R Wang, SM Warburton, A Waters, D Weinberger, M Weinelt, J Wester, WC Whitehouse, B Whiteson, D Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilbur, S Williams, G Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wittich, P Wolbers, S Wolfe, C Wright, T Wu, X Wurthwein, F Xie, S Yagil, A Yamamoto, K Yamaoka, J Yang, UK Yang, YC Yao, WM Yeh, GP Yoh, J Yorita, K Yoshida, T Yu, GB Yu, I Yu, SS Yun, JC Zanello, L Zanetti, A Zhang, X Zheng, Y Zucchelli, S AF Aaltonen, T. Adelman, J. Akimoto, T. Gonzalez, B. Alvarez Amerio, S. Amidei, D. Anastassov, A. Annovi, A. Antos, J. Apollinari, G. Apresyan, A. Arisawa, T. Artikov, A. Ashmanskas, W. Attal, A. Aurisano, A. Azfar, F. Azzurri, P. Badgett, W. Barbaro-Galtieri, A. Barnes, V. E. Barnett, B. A. Bartsch, V. Bauer, G. Beauchemin, P. -H. Bedeschi, F. Beecher, D. Behari, S. Bellettini, G. Bellinger, J. Benjamin, D. Beretvas, A. Beringer, J. Bhatti, A. Binkley, M. Bisello, D. Bizjak, I. Blair, R. E. Blocker, C. Blumenfeld, B. Bocci, A. Bodek, A. Boisvert, V. Bolla, G. Bortoletto, D. Boudreau, J. Boveia, A. Brau, B. Bridgeman, A. Brigliadori, L. Bromberg, C. Brubaker, E. Budagov, J. Budd, H. S. Budd, S. Burke, S. Burkett, K. Busetto, G. Bussey, P. Buzatu, A. Byrum, K. L. Cabrera, S. Calancha, C. Campanelli, M. Campbell, M. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Carls, B. Carlsmith, D. Carosi, R. Carrillo, S. Carron, S. Casal, B. Casarsa, M. Castro, A. Catastini, P. Cauz, D. Cavaliere, V. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Chang, S. H. Chen, Y. C. Chertok, M. Chiarelli, G. Chlachidze, G. Chlebana, F. Cho, K. Chokheli, D. Chou, J. P. Choudalakis, G. Chuang, S. H. Chung, K. Chung, W. H. Chung, Y. S. Chwalek, T. Ciobanu, C. I. Ciocci, M. A. Clark, A. Clark, D. Compostella, G. Convery, M. E. Conway, J. Cordelli, M. Cortiana, G. Cox, C. A. Cox, D. J. Crescioli, F. Almenar, C. Cuenca Cuevas, J. Culbertson, R. Cully, J. C. Dagenhart, D. Datta, M. Davies, T. de Barbaro, P. De Cecco, S. Deisher, A. De Lorenzo, G. Dell'Orso, M. Deluca, C. Demay, C. Demortier, L. Deng, J. Deninno, M. Derwent, P. F. di Giovanni, G. P. Dionisi, C. Di Ruzza, B. Dittmann, J. R. D'Onofrio, M. Donati, S. Dong, P. Donini, J. Dorigo, T. Dube, S. Efron, J. Elagin, A. Erbacher, R. Errede, D. Errede, S. Eusebi, R. Fang, H. C. Farrington, S. Fedorko, W. T. Feild, R. G. Feindt, M. Fernandez, J. P. Ferrazza, C. Field, R. Flanagan, G. Forrest, R. Frank, M. J. Franklin, M. Freeman, J. C. Furic, I. Gallinaro, M. Galyardt, J. Garberson, F. Garcia, J. E. Garfinkel, A. F. Genser, K. Gerberich, H. Gerdes, D. Gessler, A. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giannetti, P. Gibson, K. Gimmell, J. L. Ginsburg, C. M. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M. Giromini, P. Giunta, M. Giurgiu, G. Glagolev, V. Glenzinski, D. Gold, M. Goldschmidt, N. Golossanov, A. Gomez, G. Gomez-Ceballos, G. Goncharov, M. Gonzalez, O. Gorelov, I. Goshaw, A. T. Goulianos, K. Gresele, A. Grinstein, S. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Group, R. C. Grundler, U. da Costa, J. Guimaraes Gunay-Unalan, Z. Haber, C. Hahn, K. Hahn, S. R. Halkiadakis, E. Han, B. -Y. Han, J. Y. Happacher, F. Hara, K. Hare, D. Hare, M. Harper, S. Harr, R. F. Harris, R. M. Hartz, M. Hatakeyama, K. Hays, C. Heck, M. Heijboer, A. Heinrich, J. Henderson, C. Herndon, M. Heuser, J. Hewamanage, S. Hidas, D. Hill, C. S. Hirschbuehl, D. Hocker, A. Hou, S. Houlden, M. Hsu, S. -C. Huffman, B. T. Hughes, R. E. Husemann, U. Hussein, M. Husemann, U. Huston, J. Incandela, J. Introzzi, G. Iori, M. Ivanov, A. James, E. Jayatilaka, B. Jeon, E. J. Jha, M. K. Jindariani, S. Johnson, W. Jones, M. Joo, K. K. Jun, S. Y. Jung, J. E. Junk, T. R. Kamon, T. Kar, D. Karchin, P. E. Kato, Y. Kephart, R. Keung, J. Khotilovich, V. Kilminster, B. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, H. W. Kim, J. E. Kim, M. J. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kimura, N. Kirsch, L. Klimenko, S. Knuteson, B. Ko, B. R. Kondo, K. Kong, D. J. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotwal, A. V. Kreps, M. Kroll, J. Krop, D. Krumnack, N. Kruse, M. Krutelyov, V. Kubo, T. Kuhr, T. Kulkarni, N. P. Kurata, M. Kwang, S. Laasanen, A. T. Lami, S. Lammel, S. Lancaster, M. Lander, R. L. Lannon, K. Lath, A. Latino, G. Lazzizzera, I. LeCompte, T. Lee, E. Lee, H. S. Lee, S. W. Leone, S. Lewis, J. D. Lin, C. -S. Linacre, J. Lindgren, M. Lipeles, E. Lister, A. Litvintsev, D. O. Liu, C. Liu, T. Lockyer, N. S. Loginov, A. Loreti, M. Lovas, L. Lucchesi, D. Luci, C. Lueck, J. Lujan, P. Lukens, P. Lungu, G. Lyons, L. Lys, J. Lysak, R. MacQueen, D. Madrak, R. Maeshima, K. Makhoul, K. Maki, T. Maksimovic, P. Malde, S. Malik, S. Manca, G. Manousakis-Katsikakis, A. Margaroli, F. Marino, C. Marino, C. P. Martin, A. Martin, V. Martinez, M. Martinez-Ballarin, R. Maruyama, T. Mastrandrea, P. Masubuchi, T. Mathis, M. Mattson, M. E. Mazzanti, P. McFarland, K. S. McIntyre, P. McNulty, R. Mehta, A. Mehtala, P. Menzione, A. Merkel, P. Mesropian, C. Miao, T. Miladinovic, N. Miller, R. Mills, C. Milnik, M. Mitra, A. Mitselmakher, G. Miyake, H. Moggi, N. Moon, C. S. Moore, R. Morello, M. J. Morlock, J. Fernandez, P. Movilla Muelmenstaedt, J. Mukherjee, A. Muller, Th. Mumford, R. Murat, P. Mussini, M. Nachtman, J. Nagai, Y. Nagano, A. Naganoma, J. Nakamura, K. Nakano, I. Napier, A. Necula, V. Nett, J. Neu, C. Neubauer, M. S. Neubauer, S. Nielsen, J. Nodulman, L. Norman, M. Norniella, O. Nurse, E. Oakes, L. Oh, S. H. Oh, Y. D. Oksuzian, I. Okusawa, T. Orava, R. Osterberg, K. Griso, S. Pagan Palencia, E. Papadimitriou, V. Papaikonomou, A. Paramonov, A. A. Parks, B. Pashapour, S. Patrick, J. Pauletta, G. Paulini, M. Paus, C. Peiffer, T. Pellett, D. E. Penzo, A. Phillips, T. J. Piacentino, G. Pianori, E. Pinera, L. Pitts, K. Plager, C. Pondrom, L. Poukhov, O. Pounder, N. Prakoshyn, F. Pronko, A. Proudfoot, J. Ptohos, F. Pueschel, E. Punzi, G. Pursley, J. Rademacker, J. Rahaman, A. Ramakrishnan, V. Ranjan, N. Ray, J. Redondo, I. Renton, P. Renz, M. Rescigno, M. Richter, S. Rimondi, F. Ristori, L. Robson, A. Rodrigo, T. Rodriguez, T. Rogers, E. Rolli, S. Roser, R. Rossi, M. Rossin, R. Roy, P. Ruiz, A. Russ, J. Rusu, V. Saarikko, H. Safonov, A. Sakumoto, W. K. Salto, O. Santi, L. Sarkar, S. Sartori, L. Sato, K. Savoy-Navarro, A. Schlabach, P. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, E. E. Schmidt, M. A. Schmidt, M. P. Schmitt, M. Schwarz, T. Scodellaro, L. Scribano, A. Scuri, F. Sedov, A. Seidel, S. Seiya, Y. Semenov, A. Sexton-Kennedy, L. Sforza, F. Sfyrla, A. Shalhout, S. Z. Shears, T. Shepard, P. F. Shimojima, M. Shiraishi, S. Shochet, M. Shon, Y. Shreyber, I. Sidoti, A. Sinervo, P. Sisakyan, A. Slaughter, A. J. Slaunwhite, J. Sliwa, K. Smith, J. R. Snider, F. D. Snihur, R. Soha, A. Somalwar, S. Sorin, V. Spalding, J. Spreitzer, T. Squillacioti, P. Stanitzki, M. St Denis, R. Stelzer, B. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stentz, D. Strologas, J. Strycker, G. L. Stuart, D. Suh, J. S. Sukhanov, A. Suslov, I. Suzuki, T. Taffard, A. Takashima, R. Takeuchi, Y. Tanaka, R. Tecchio, M. Teng, P. K. Terashi, K. Thom, J. Thompson, A. S. Thompson, G. A. Thomson, E. Tipton, P. Ttito-Guzman, P. Tkaczyk, S. Toback, D. Tokar, S. Tollefson, K. Tomura, T. Tonelli, D. Torre, S. Torretta, D. Totaro, P. Tourneur, S. Trovato, M. Tsai, S. -Y. Tu, Y. Turini, N. Ukegawa, F. Vallecorsa, S. van Remortel, N. Varganov, A. Vataga, E. Vazquez, F. Velev, G. Vellidis, C. Vidal, M. Vidal, R. Vila, I. Vilar, R. Vine, T. Vogel, M. Volobouev, I. Volpi, G. Wagner, P. Wagner, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, W. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wakisaka, T. Wallny, R. Wang, S. M. Warburton, A. Waters, D. Weinberger, M. Weinelt, J. Wester, W. C., III Whitehouse, B. Whiteson, D. Wicklund, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wilbur, S. Williams, G. Williams, H. H. Wilson, P. Winer, B. L. Wittich, P. Wolbers, S. Wolfe, C. Wright, T. Wu, X. Wuerthwein, F. Xie, S. Yagil, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamaoka, J. Yang, U. K. Yang, Y. C. Yao, W. M. Yeh, G. P. Yoh, J. Yorita, K. Yoshida, T. Yu, G. B. Yu, I. Yu, S. S. Yun, J. C. Zanello, L. Zanetti, A. Zhang, X. Zheng, Y. Zucchelli, S. CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for a Fermiophobic Higgs Boson Decaying into Diphotons in pp Collisions at s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC CALORIMETER; STANDARD MODEL; ROOT-S; TEVATRON; PHOTONS; PHYSICS; STATES AB A search for a narrow diphoton mass resonance is presented based on data from 3.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity from pp collisions at s=1.96 TeV collected by the CDF experiment. No evidence of a resonance in the diphoton mass spectrum is observed, and upper limits are set on the cross section times branching fraction of the resonant state as a function of Higgs boson mass. The resulting limits exclude Higgs bosons with masses below 106 GeV/c(2) at a 95% Bayesian credibility level for one fermiophobic benchmark model. C1 [Aaltonen, T.; Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div High Energy Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Maki, T.; Mehtala, P.; Orava, R.; Osterberg, K.; Saarikko, H.; van Remortel, N.] Helsinki Inst Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Bussey, P.; Chang, S. H.; Chen, Y. C.; Cho, K.; Hou, S.; Jeon, E. J.; Joo, K. K.; Jung, J. E.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, H. W.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, S. B.; Kong, D. J.; Mitra, A.; Moon, C. S.; Oh, Y. D.; Suh, J. S.; Teng, P. K.; Tsai, S. -Y.; Wang, S. M.; Yang, Y. C.; Yu, I.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Blair, R. E.; Byrum, K. 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RI Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; Gorelov, Igor/J-9010-2015; Xie, Si/O-6830-2016; Canelli, Florencia/O-9693-2016; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Grinstein, Sebastian/N-3988-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; unalan, zeynep/C-6660-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; vilar, rocio/P-8480-2014; Cabrera Urban, Susana/H-1376-2015; Garcia, Jose /H-6339-2015; ciocci, maria agnese /I-2153-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Lysak, Roman/H-2995-2014; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Moon, Chang-Seong/J-3619-2014; Robson, Aidan/G-1087-2011; De Cecco, Sandro/B-1016-2012; St.Denis, Richard/C-8997-2012; manca, giulia/I-9264-2012; Amerio, Silvia/J-4605-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Annovi, Alberto/G-6028-2012; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Gorelov, Igor/0000-0001-5570-0133; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Canelli, Florencia/0000-0001-6361-2117; Gallinaro, Michele/0000-0003-1261-2277; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; unalan, zeynep/0000-0003-2570-7611; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; ciocci, maria agnese /0000-0003-0002-5462; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Moon, Chang-Seong/0000-0001-8229-7829; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Annovi, Alberto/0000-0002-4649-4398; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. 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Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Haefner, P Hagopian, S Haley, J Hall, I Hall, RE Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Hauptman, JM Hays, J Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegeman, JG Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Heredia-De La Cruz, I Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hoang, T Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hossain, S Houben, P Hu, Y Hubacek, Z Huske, N Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jakobs, K Jamin, D Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, C Johnson, M Johnston, D Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Juste, A Kajfasz, E Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kaushik, V Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YN Khatidze, D Kim, TJ Kirby, MH Kirsch, M Klima, B Kohli, JM Konrath, JP Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Kuhl, T Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuzmin, VA Kvita, J Lacroix, F Lam, D Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, WM Leflat, A Lellouch, J Li, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lim, JK Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna-Garcia, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Mattig, P Magana-Villalba, R Magerkurth, A Mal, PK Malbouisson, HB Malik, S Malyshev, VL Maravin, Y Martin, B McCarthy, R McGivern, CL Meijer, MM Melnitchouk, A Mendoza, L Menezes, D Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Merritt, KW Meyer, A Meyer, J Mitrevski, J Mondal, NK Moore, RW Moulik, T Muanza, GS Mulhearn, M Mundal, O Mundim, L Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Nilsen, H Nogima, H Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Obrant, G Ochando, C Onoprienko, D Orduna, J Oshima, N Osman, N Osta, J Otec, R Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padilla, M Padley, P Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Park, SJ Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Pawloski, G Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petroff, P Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pogorelov, Y Pol, ME Polozov, P Popov, AV da Silva, WLP Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rakitine, A Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Renkel, P Rich, P Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Robinson, S Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Sanghi, B Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schaile, D Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schlobohm, S Schwanenberger, C Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shamim, M Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Siccardi, V Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strandberg, J Strang, MA Strauss, E Strauss, M Strohmer, R Strom, D Stutte, L Sumowidagdo, S Svoisky, P Takahashi, M Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Tiller, B Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Torchiani, I Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Unalan, R Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S van den Berg, PJ Van Kooten, R van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Vilanova, D Vint, P Vokac, P Voutilainen, M Wagner, R Wahl, HD Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, G Weber, M Welty-Rieger, L Wenger, A Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Williams, MRJ Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xu, C Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yang, WC Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Ye, Z Yin, H Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Zeitnitz, C Zelitch, S Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zivkovic, L Zutshi, V Zverev, EG AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Aguilo, E. Ahsan, M. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Ancu, L. S. Andeen, T. Anzelc, M. S. Aoki, M. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Arthaud, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Atramentov, O. Avila, C. BackusMayes, J. Badaud, F. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Barfuss, A. -F. Bargassa, P. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bauer, D. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Bellavance, A. Benitez, J. A. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Bu, X. B. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Calfayan, P. Calpas, B. Calvet, S. Cammin, J. Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A. Carrera, E. Carvalho, W. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Cheu, E. Cho, D. K. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clutter, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Crepe-Renaudin, S. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. de Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. DeVaughan, K. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dorland, T. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duflot, L. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Escalier, M. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Facini, G. Ferapontov, A. V. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fu, S. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Galea, C. F. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Geng, W. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Gillberg, D. Ginther, G. Gomez, B. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Haefner, P. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Hall, I. Hall, R. E. Han, L. Harder, K. Harel, A. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, J. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegeman, J. G. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De La Cruz, I. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hohlfeld, M. Hossain, S. Houben, P. Hu, Y. Hubacek, Z. Huske, N. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jakobs, K. Jamin, D. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, C. Johnson, M. Johnston, D. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Juste, A. Kajfasz, E. Karmanov, D. Kasper, P. A. Katsanos, I. Kaushik, V. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Khatidze, D. Kim, T. J. Kirby, M. H. Kirsch, M. Klima, B. Kohli, J. M. Konrath, J. -P. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kuhl, T. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. Kvita, J. Lacroix, F. Lam, D. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, W. M. Leflat, A. Lellouch, J. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lim, J. K. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Luna-Garcia, R. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Mackin, D. Maettig, P. Magana-Villalba, R. Magerkurth, A. Mal, P. K. Malbouisson, H. B. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Maravin, Y. Martin, B. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchouk, A. Mendoza, L. Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Merritt, K. W. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Mitrevski, J. Mondal, N. K. Moore, R. W. Moulik, T. Muanza, G. S. Mulhearn, M. Mundal, O. Mundim, L. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Nilsen, H. Nogima, H. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. Obrant, G. Ochando, C. Onoprienko, D. Orduna, J. Oshima, N. Osman, N. Osta, J. Otec, R. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Owen, M. Padilla, M. Padley, P. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Park, S. -J. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Pawloski, G. Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petroff, P. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pogorelov, Y. Pol, M. -E. Polozov, P. Popov, A. V. da Silva, W. L. Prado Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rakitine, A. Rangel, M. S. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Renkel, P. Rich, P. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Robinson, S. Rominsky, M. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Sanghi, B. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schliephake, T. Schlobohm, S. Schwanenberger, C. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Siccardi, V. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Stolin, V. Stoyanova, D. A. Strandberg, J. Strang, M. A. Strauss, E. Strauss, M. Stroehmer, R. Strom, D. Stutte, L. Sumowidagdo, S. Svoisky, P. Takahashi, M. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Tiller, B. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Torchiani, I. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Unalan, R. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. van den Berg, P. J. Van Kooten, R. van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vilanova, D. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Voutilainen, M. Wagner, R. Wahl, H. D. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, G. Weber, M. Welty-Rieger, L. Wenger, A. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xu, C. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yang, W. -C. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, Z. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zeitnitz, C. Zelitch, S. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. Zutshi, V. Zverev, E. G. CA D0 Collaboration TI Search for Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Higgs Bosons in the h -> aa ->mu mu mu mu, mu mu tau tau Channels Using pp Collisions at s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEP; DETECTOR AB We report on a first search for production of the lightest neutral CP-even Higgs boson (h) in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model, where h decays to a pair of neutral pseudoscalar Higgs bosons (a), using 4.2 fb(-1) of data recorded with the D0 detector at Fermilab. The a bosons are required to either both decay to mu(+)mu(-) or one to mu(+)mu(-) and the other to tau(+)tau(-). No significant signal is observed, and we set limits on its production as functions of M-a and M-h. C1 [Abazov, V. M.; Alexeev, G. D.; Kharzheev, Y. N.; Malyshev, V. L.; Tokmenin, V. 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[Cwiok, M.; Gruenewald, M. W.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Kim, T. J.; Park, S. K.] Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, S.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-De La Cruz, I.; Luna-Garcia, R.; Magana-Villalba, R.; Orduna, J.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.] CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Hegeman, J. G.; Houben, P.; van den Berg, P. J.; van Leeuwen, W. M.] Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Houben, P.; van den Berg, P. J.; van Leeuwen, W. M.] FOM Inst NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ancu, L. S.; de Jong, S. J.; Filthaut, F.; Galea, C. F.; Meijer, M. M.; Svoisky, P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Gavrilov, V.; Polozov, P.; Safronov, G.; Stolin, V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Boos, E. E.; Bunichev, V.; Dudko, L. V.; Karmanov, D.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Leflat, A.; Merkin, M.; Perfilov, M.; Zverev, E. G.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Bezzubov, V. A.; Denisov, S. P.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Kozelov, A. V.; Lipaev, V. V.; Popov, A. V.; Shchukin, A. A.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Vasilyev, I. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Alkhazov, G.; Lobodenko, A.; Neustroev, P.; Obrant, G.; Scheglov, Y.; Uvarov, L.; Uvarov, S.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Bertram, I.; Borissov, G.; Burdin, S.; Fox, H.; Love, P.; Rakitine, A.; Ratoff, P. N.; Sopczak, A.; Williams, M. R. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. [Bauer, D.; Beuselinck, R.; Buszello, C. P.; Christoudias, T.; Davies, G.; Hays, J.; Jesik, R.; Jonsson, P.; Osman, N.; Robinson, S.; Scanlon, T.; Vint, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Harder, K.; Owen, M.; Peters, K.; Peters, Y.; Rich, P.; Schwanenberger, C.; Soeldner-Rembold, S.; Takahashi, M.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yasuda, T.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Cheu, E.; Das, A.; Johns, K.; Mal, P. K.; Varnes, E. W.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hall, R. E.] Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. [Chandra, A.; Ellison, J.; Heinson, A. P.; Li, L.; Padilla, M.; Wimpenny, S. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Atramentov, O.; Blessing, S.; Carrera, E.; Duggan, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Hagopian, S.; Hoang, T.; Sekaric, J.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wahl, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Alton, A.; Aoki, M.; Bagby, L.; Baldin, B.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bellantoni, L.; Bellavance, A.; Bhat, P. C.; Boehnlein, A.; Bross, A.; Casey, B. C. K.; Cihangir, S.; Cooke, M.; Cooper, W. E.; Demarteau, M.; Denisov, D.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Elvira, V. D.; Facini, G.; Fisher, W.; Fisk, H. E.; Fuess, S.; Ginther, G.; Greenlee, H.; Gruenendahl, S.; Gutierrez, G.; Illingworth, R.; Ito, A. S.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Juste, A.; Kasper, P. A.; Khalatyan, N.; Klima, B.; Lee, W. M.; Li, Q. Z.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Lyon, A. L.; Merritt, K. W.; Naimuddin, M.; Oshima, N.; Podstavkov, V. M.; Rubinov, P.; Sanghi, B.; Savage, G.; Sirotenko, V.; Stutte, L.; Verzocchi, M.; Weber, M.; Yamada, R.; Ye, Z.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Adams, M.; Gerber, C. E.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Blazey, G.; Chakraborty, D.; Dyshkant, A.; Fortner, M.; Hedin, D.; Menezes, D.; Uzunyan, S.; Zutshi, V.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Andeen, T.; Anzelc, M. S.; Buchholz, D.; Kirby, M. H.; Schellman, H.; Strom, D.; Yacoob, S.; Youn, S. W.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Evans, H.; Lammers, S.; Parua, N.; Van Kooten, R.; Welty-Rieger, L.; Zieminska, D.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Chan, K. M.; Hildreth, M. D.; Lam, D.; Osta, J.; Pogorelov, Y.; Ruchti, R.; Smirnov, D.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Hauptman, J. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Baringer, P.; Clutter, J.; McGivern, C. L.; Moulik, T.; Wilson, G. W.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Ahsan, M.; Bandurin, D. V.; Bolton, T. A.; Ferapontov, A. V.; Maravin, Y.; Onoprienko, D.; Shamim, M.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arov, M.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Sawyer, L.; Wobisch, M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Eno, S.; Ferbel, T.; Wetstein, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boline, D.; Bose, T.; Cho, D. K.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Facini, G.; Hesketh, G.; Wood, D. R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alton, A.; Herner, K.; Magerkurth, A.; Neal, H. A.; Qian, J.; Strandberg, J.; Xu, C.; Zhou, B.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Benitez, J. A.; Brock, R.; Edmunds, D.; Geng, W.; Hall, I.; Kraus, J.; Linnemann, J.; Piper, J.; Schwienhorst, R.; Unalan, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melnitchouk, A.; Quinn, B.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Haley, J.; Tully, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hobbs, J. D.; Iashvili, I.; Strang, M. A.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Gadfort, T.; Haas, A.; Johnson, C.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Mitrevski, J.; Mulhearn, M.; Parsons, J.; Tuts, P. M.; Zivkovic, L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cammin, J.; Demina, R.; Ferbel, T.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Ginther, G.; Harel, A.; Khatidze, D.; Skubic, P.; Slattery, P.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Chakrabarti, S.; Grannis, P. D.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Hu, Y.; McCarthy, R.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Strauss, E.; Tsybychev, D.; Zhu, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Begel, M.; Evdokimov, A.; Patwa, A.; Protopopescu, S.; Snyder, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hossain, S.; Jain, S.; Rominsky, M.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Brandt, A.; Cutts, D.; Enari, Y.; Khanov, A.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Partridge, R.; Xie, Y.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [De, K.; Landsberg, G.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kaushik, V.; Li, J.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Bargassa, P.; Corcoran, M.; Kehoe, R.; Mackin, D.; Padley, P.; Pawloski, G.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Zelitch, S.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [BackusMayes, J.; Burnett, T. H.; Dorland, T.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Schlobohm, S.; Warchol, J.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Otero y Garzon, G. J.; Piegaia, R.; Tanasijczuk, A.] Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Bloom, K.; DeVaughan, K.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Johnston, D.; Katsanos, I.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.; Wagner, R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Kozelov, Alexander/J-3812-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010 OI Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723 FU DOE; NSF (U.S.); CEA; CNRS/IN2P3; FASI, Rosatom; RFBR (Russia); CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPESP; FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE; DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF; KOSEF (Korea); CONICET; UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC; Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT; GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program; CFI, NSERC; WestGrid Project (Canada); BMBF; DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS; CNSF (China); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) FX We thank the staffs at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (U.S.); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom and RFBR (Russia); CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPESP and FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE and DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF and KOSEF (Korea); CONICET and UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC and the Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT and GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program, CFI, NSERC and WestGrid Project (Canada); BMBF and DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS and CNSF (China); and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany). NR 23 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 061801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.061801 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300008 ER PT J AU Aguilar-Arevalo, AA Anderson, CE Bazarko, AO Brice, SJ Brown, BC Bugel, L Cao, J Coney, L Conrad, JM Cox, DC Curioni, A Djurcic, Z Finley, DA Fleming, BT Ford, R Garcia, FG Garvey, GT Grange, J Green, C Green, JA Hart, TL Hawker, E Imlay, R Johnson, RA Karagiorgi, G Kasper, P Katori, T Kobilarcik, T Kourbanis, I Koutsoliotas, S Laird, EM Linden, SK Link, JM Liu, Y Liu, Y Louis, WC Mahn, KBM Marsh, W Mauger, C McGary, VT McGregor, G Metcalf, W Meyers, PD Mills, F Mills, GB Monroe, J Moore, CD Mousseau, J Nelson, RH Nienaber, P Nowak, JA Osmanov, B Ouedraogo, S Patterson, RB Pavlovic, Z Perevalov, D Polly, CC Prebys, E Raaf, JL Ray, H Roe, BP Russell, AD Sandberg, V Schirato, R Schmitz, D Shaevitz, MH Shoemaker, FC Smith, D Soderberg, M Sorel, M Spentzouris, P Spitz, J Stancu, I Stefanski, RJ Sung, M Tanaka, HA Tayloe, R Tzanov, M de Water, RG Wascko, MO White, DH Wilking, MJ Yang, HJ Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A. Anderson, C. E. Bazarko, A. O. Brice, S. J. Brown, B. C. Bugel, L. Cao, J. Coney, L. Conrad, J. M. Cox, D. C. Curioni, A. Djurcic, Z. Finley, D. A. Fleming, B. T. Ford, R. Garcia, F. G. Garvey, G. T. Grange, J. Green, C. Green, J. A. Hart, T. L. Hawker, E. Imlay, R. Johnson, R. A. Karagiorgi, G. Kasper, P. Katori, T. Kobilarcik, T. Kourbanis, I. Koutsoliotas, S. Laird, E. M. Linden, S. K. Link, J. M. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Louis, W. C. Mahn, K. B. M. Marsh, W. Mauger, C. McGary, V. T. McGregor, G. Metcalf, W. Meyers, P. D. Mills, F. Mills, G. B. Monroe, J. Moore, C. D. Mousseau, J. Nelson, R. H. Nienaber, P. Nowak, J. A. Osmanov, B. Ouedraogo, S. Patterson, R. B. Pavlovic, Z. Perevalov, D. Polly, C. C. Prebys, E. Raaf, J. L. Ray, H. Roe, B. P. Russell, A. D. Sandberg, V. Schirato, R. Schmitz, D. Shaevitz, M. H. Shoemaker, F. C. Smith, D. Soderberg, M. Sorel, M. Spentzouris, P. Spitz, J. Stancu, I. Stefanski, R. J. Sung, M. Tanaka, H. A. Tayloe, R. Tzanov, M. Van de Water, R. G. Wascko, M. O. White, D. H. Wilking, M. J. Yang, H. J. Zeller, G. P. Zimmerman, E. D. CA MiniBooNE Collaboration TI Search for Muon Neutrino and Antineutrino Disappearance in MiniBooNE SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; LSND EXPERIMENT; OSCILLATIONS; GEV/C; SIMULATION; BERYLLIUM; PROTONS; MASS AB The MiniBooNE Collaboration reports a search for nu(mu) and nu(mu) disappearance in the Delta m(2) region of 0.5-40 eV(2). These measurements are important for constraining models with extra types of neutrinos, extra dimensions, and CPT violation. Fits to the shape of the nu(mu) and nu(mu) energy spectra reveal no evidence for disappearance at the 90% confidence level (C.L.) in either mode. The test of nu(mu) disappearance probes a region below Delta m(2)=40 eV(2) never explored before. C1 [Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Koutsoliotas, S.] Bucknell Univ, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. [Hawker, E.; Johnson, R. A.; Raaf, J. L.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Hart, T. L.; Nelson, R. H.; Tzanov, M.; Wilking, M. J.; Zimmerman, E. D.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bugel, L.; Coney, L.; Conrad, J. M.; Djurcic, Z.; Karagiorgi, G.; Mahn, K. B. M.; McGary, V. T.; Monroe, J.; Schmitz, D.; Shaevitz, M. H.; Sorel, M.; Zeller, G. P.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Smith, D.] Embry Riddle Aeronaut Univ, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. [Brice, S. J.; Brown, B. C.; Finley, D. A.; Ford, R.; Garcia, F. G.; Green, C.; Kasper, P.; Kobilarcik, T.; Kourbanis, I.; Marsh, W.; Mills, F.; Moore, C. D.; Prebys, E.; Russell, A. D.; Spentzouris, P.; Stefanski, R. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Grange, J.; Mousseau, J.; Osmanov, B.; Ray, H.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Polly, C. C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Cox, D. C.; Green, J. A.; Katori, T.; Polly, C. C.; Tayloe, R.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Garvey, G. T.; Green, C.; Green, J. A.; Hawker, E.; Louis, W. C.; Mauger, C.; McGregor, G.; Mills, G. B.; Pavlovic, Z.; Ray, H.; Sandberg, V.; Schirato, R.; Van de Water, R. G.; White, D. H.; Zeller, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Imlay, R.; Metcalf, W.; Nowak, J. A.; Ouedraogo, S.; Sung, M.; Wascko, M. O.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Conrad, J. M.; Karagiorgi, G.; Katori, T.; McGary, V. T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Liu, Y.; Perevalov, D.; Stancu, I.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Cao, J.; Liu, Y.; Roe, B. P.; Yang, H. J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bazarko, A. O.; Laird, E. M.; Meyers, P. D.; Patterson, R. B.; Shoemaker, F. C.; Tanaka, H. A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Nienaber, P.] St Marys Univ, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Link, J. M.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Anderson, C. E.; Curioni, A.; Fleming, B. T.; Linden, S. K.; Soderberg, M.; Spitz, J.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aguilar-Arevalo, AA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RI Cao, Jun/G-8701-2012; Link, Jonathan/L-2560-2013; Nowak, Jaroslaw/P-2502-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015; OI Schirato, Richard/0000-0002-4216-0235; Spitz, Joshua/0000-0002-6288-7028; Wascko, Morgan/0000-0002-8348-4447; Cao, Jun/0000-0002-3586-2319; Link, Jonathan/0000-0002-1514-0650; Van de Water, Richard/0000-0002-1573-327X; Katori, Teppei/0000-0002-9429-9482; Nowak, Jaroslaw/0000-0001-8637-5433; Aguilar-Arevalo, Alexis A./0000-0001-9279-3375 FU Fermilab, the Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; Los Alamos National Laboratory for LDRD FX We acknowledge the support of Fermilab, the Department of Energy, and the National Science Foundation. We thank Los Alamos National Laboratory for LDRD funding. We also acknowledge the use of Condor software in the analysis the data. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 061802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.061802 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300009 PM 19792551 ER PT J AU Chen, XS Sun, WM Lu, XF Wang, F Goldman, T AF Chen, Xiang-Song Sun, Wei-Min Lue, Xiao-Fu Wang, Fan Goldman, T. TI Do Gluons Carry Half of the Nucleon Momentum? SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We examine the conventional picture that gluons carry about half of the nucleon momentum in the asymptotic limit. We show that this large fraction is due to an unsuitable definition of the gluon momentum in an interacting theory. If defined in a gauge-invariant and consistent way, the asymptotic gluon momentum fraction is computed to be only about one-fifth. This result suggests that the asymptotic limit of the nucleon spin structure should also be reexamined. A possible experimental test of our finding is discussed in terms of novel parton distribution functions. C1 [Chen, Xiang-Song] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xiang-Song; Lue, Xiao-Fu] Sichuan Univ, Dept Phys, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xiang-Song; Sun, Wei-Min; Wang, Fan] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Goldman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chen, XS (reprint author), Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. FU China NSF [10875082, 10475057, 90503011]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX This work is supported in part by the China NSF under Grants No. 10875082, No. 10475057, and No. 90503011, and in part by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 10 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 062001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.062001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300012 PM 19792554 ER PT J AU Couderc, E Klein, S AF Couderc, Elsa Klein, Spencer TI Coherent rho(0) Photoproduction in Bulk Matter at High Energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PAIR PRODUCTION; CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIO; BREMSSTRAHLUNG; REGENERATION; SCATTERING; NEUTRINOS; NUCLEI; PHOTON AB The momentum transfer Delta k required for a photon to scatter from a target and emerge as a rho(0) decreases as the photon energy k rises. For k > 3x10(14) eV, Delta k is small enough that the interaction cannot be localized to a single nucleus. At still higher energies, photons may coherently scatter elastically from bulk matter and emerge as a rho(0), in a manner akin to kaon regeneration. Constructive interference from the different nuclei coherently raises the cross section and the interaction probability rises linearly with energy. At energies above 10(23) eV, coherent conversion is the dominant process; photons interact predominantly as rho(0). We compute the coherent scattering probabilities in slabs of lead, water, and rock, and discuss the implications of the increased hadronic interaction probabilities for photons on ultrahigh energy shower development. C1 [Couderc, Elsa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Couderc, Elsa] Ecole Normale Super, Dept Phys, F-75231 Paris, France. [Klein, Spencer] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Couderc, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Couderc, Elsa/0000-0002-6565-4035 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC76SF00098] FX We thank Volker Koch for useful comments. This work was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC76SF00098. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 062504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.062504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300016 PM 19792558 ER PT J AU Daughton, W Roytershteyn, V Albright, BJ Karimabadi, H Yin, L Bowers, KJ AF Daughton, W. Roytershteyn, V. Albright, B. J. Karimabadi, H. Yin, L. Bowers, Kevin J. TI Transition from collisional to kinetic regimes in large-scale reconnection layers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FAST MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MODEL AB Using fully kinetic simulations with a Fokker-Planck collision operator, it is demonstrated that Sweet-Parker reconnection layers are unstable to plasmoids (secondary islands) for Lundquist numbers beyond S greater than or similar to 1000. The instability is increasingly violent at higher Lundquist numbers, both in terms of the number of plasmoids produced and the super-Alfveacutenic growth rate. A dramatic enhancement in the reconnection rate is observed when the half-thickness of the current sheet between two plasmoids approaches the ion inertial length. During this transition to kinetic scales, the reconnection electric field rapidly exceeds the runaway limit, resulting in the formation of electron-scale current layers that are unstable to the continual formation of new plasmoids. C1 [Daughton, W.; Roytershteyn, V.; Albright, B. J.; Yin, L.; Bowers, Kevin J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Karimabadi, H.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Daughton, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013; OI Albright, Brian/0000-0002-7789-6525; Yin, Lin/0000-0002-8978-5320; Roytershteyn, Vadim/0000-0003-1745-7587 FU U.S. DOE; NASA Heliophysics Theory Program; NSF GEM [ATM 0802380] FX We acknowledge support from the U.S. DOE through the LANL-LDRD Program. Contributions from H. K. were supported by the NASA Heliophysics Theory Program and NSF GEM grant ATM 0802380. NR 20 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 065004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.065004 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300035 PM 19792577 ER PT J AU Feist, J Nagele, S Pazourek, R Persson, E Schneider, BI Collins, LA Burgdoumlrfer, J AF Feist, J. Nagele, S. Pazourek, R. Persson, E. Schneider, B. I. Collins, L. A. Burgdoumlrfer, J. TI Probing Electron Correlation via Attosecond xuv Pulses in the Two-Photon Double Ionization of Helium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; COLLISIONS; STATE; HE AB Recent experimental developments of high-intensity, short-pulse extreme ultraviolet light sources are enhancing our ability to study electron-electron correlations. We perform time-dependent calculations to investigate the so-called "sequential" regime (h omega > 54.4 eV) in the two-photon double ionization of helium. We show that attosecond pulses allow us not only to probe but also to induce angular and energy correlations of the emitted electrons. The final momentum distribution reveals regions dominated by the Wannier ridge breakup scenario and by postcollision interaction. C1 [Feist, J.; Nagele, S.; Pazourek, R.; Persson, E.; Burgdoumlrfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, B. I.] NIST, Elect & Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feist, J (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM johannes.feist@tuwien.ac.at RI Nagele, Stefan/E-6938-2011; Feist, Johannes/J-7394-2012 OI Nagele, Stefan/0000-0003-1213-0294; Feist, Johannes/0000-0002-7972-0646 FU Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Science Foundation [TGPHY090031] FX Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation through TeraGrid resources under Grant No. TGPHY090031. NR 33 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 063002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.063002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300018 PM 19792560 ER PT J AU Gezerlis, A Gandolfi, S Schmidt, KE Carlson, J AF Gezerlis, Alexandros Gandolfi, S. Schmidt, K. E. Carlson, J. TI Heavy-Light Fermion Mixtures at Unitarity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We investigate fermion pairing in the unitary regime for a mass ratio corresponding to a (6)Li-(40)K mixture using quantum Monte Carlo methods. The ground-state energy and the average light- and heavy-particle excitation spectrum for the unpolarized superfluid state are nearly independent of the mass ratio. In the majority light system, the polarized superfluid is close to the energy of a phase separated mixture of nearly fully polarized normal and unpolarized superfluid. For a majority of heavy particles, we find an energy minimum for a normal state with a ratio of similar to 3:1 heavy to light particles. A slight increase in attraction to k(F)a approximate to 2.5 yields a ground state energy of nearly zero for this ratio. A cold unpolarized system in a harmonic trap at unitarity should phase separate into three regions, with a shell of unpolarized superfluid in the middle. C1 [Gezerlis, Alexandros; Carlson, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Gezerlis, Alexandros] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gandolfi, S.] Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Gandolfi, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Schmidt, K. E.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Gezerlis, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gezerlis, Alexandros/O-9426-2014 OI Gezerlis, Alexandros/0000-0003-2232-2484 FU Nuclear Physics Office of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; LDRD program at Los Alamos National Laboratory; Institutional Computing Program; NERSC; NSF [PHY07-57703, PHY03-55014, PHY07-01611] FX The authors wish to thank A. Trombettoni, S. Giorgini, S. Pilati, S. Reddy, D. Son, and H. T. C. Stoof for stimulating discussions. The work of A. G. and J. C. is supported by the Nuclear Physics Office of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 and by the LDRD program at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Computing resources were provided at LANL through the Institutional Computing Program and at NERSC. Calculations by S.G. were partially performed on the BEN cluster at ECT* in Trento, under a grant for supercomputing projects, and partially on the HPC facility of SISSA/Democritos in Trieste. The work of K.E.S. was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY07-57703. The work of A.G. was supported in part by NSF Grants No. PHY03-55014 and No. PHY07-01611. NR 28 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 060403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.060403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300003 PM 19792545 ER PT J AU Hagen, G Papenbrock, T Dean, DJ AF Hagen, G. Papenbrock, T. Dean, D. J. TI Solution of the Center-Of-Mass Problem in Nuclear Structure Calculations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER THEORY; SHELL-MODEL; MOTION; SYSTEMS AB The coupled-cluster wave function factorizes to a very good approximation into a product of an intrinsic wave function and a Gaussian for the center-of-mass coordinate. The width of the Gaussian is in general not identical to the oscillator length of the underlying single-particle basis. The quality of the separation can be verified by a simple procedure. C1 [Hagen, G.; Papenbrock, T.; Dean, D. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Papenbrock, T.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hagen, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hagen, Gaute/I-6146-2012; OI Hagen, Gaute/0000-0001-6019-1687; Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X; Papenbrock, Thomas/0000-0001-8733-2849 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)) [DE-FG02-96ER40963]; University of Tennessee (UT) [DE-FC02-07ER41457]; UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration; Institute for Computational Sciences (UT/ORNL); National Center for Computational Sciences (ORNL) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)), under Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER40963 (University of Tennessee (UT)), and under DE-FC02-07ER41457 (UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration). This research used computational resources of the National Institute for Computational Sciences (UT/ORNL) and the National Center for Computational Sciences (ORNL). NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 062503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.062503 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300015 PM 19792557 ER PT J AU Jacobs, K Landahl, AJ AF Jacobs, Kurt Landahl, Andrew J. TI Engineering Giant Nonlinearities in Quantum Nanosystems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT-CURRENT QUBIT; NANOMECHANICAL RESONATOR; CAVITY; COMPUTATION; GENERATION; COMPLEXITY; PHOTONS; CIRCUIT; STATES AB We describe a method to engineer giant nonlinearities in, and probes to measure nonlinear observables of, mesoscopic quantum resonators. This involves tailoring the Hamiltonian of a simple auxiliary system perturbatively coupled to the resonator, and has the potential to engineer a wide range of nonlinearities to high accuracy. We give a number of explicit examples, including a readily realizable two-qubit auxiliary system that creates an x(4) potential and a chi((3)) (Kerr) nonlinearity, valid to fifth order in the perturbative coupling. C1 [Jacobs, Kurt] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. [Jacobs, Kurt] Louisiana State Univ, Hearne Inst Theoret Phys, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Landahl, Andrew J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Landahl, Andrew J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Adv Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Jacobs, K (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RI Jacobs, Kurt/E-7049-2011 OI Jacobs, Kurt/0000-0003-0828-6421 FU NSF [PHY0555573, PHY-0653596, CCF- 0829944]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC0494AL85000] FX We thank Salman Habib for hospitality at the QUEST workshop in Santa Fe that initiated the exchange of ideas leading to this work. K. J. is supported by the Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics, ARO, and IARPA. A. J. L.' s work was supported by the Center for Advanced Studies at UNM, and the NSF under Contracts No. PHY0555573, No. PHY-0653596, and No. CCF- 0829944. A.J.L.' s work is currently supported by Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed- Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC0494AL85000. NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 067201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.067201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300065 PM 19792606 ER PT J AU Kim, WJ Sushkov, AO Dalvit, DAR Lamoreaux, SK AF Kim, W. J. Sushkov, A. O. Dalvit, D. A. R. Lamoreaux, S. K. TI Measurement of the Short-Range Attractive Force between Ge Plates Using a Torsion Balance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CASIMIR FORCE; MU-M AB We have measured the short-range attractive force between crystalline Ge plates, and found contributions from both the Casimir force and an electrical force possibly generated by surface patch potentials. Using a model of surface patch effects that generates an additional force due to a distance dependence of the apparent contact potential, the electrical force was parametrized using data at distances where the Casimir force is relatively small. Extrapolating this model, to provide a correction to the measured force at distances less than 5 mu m, shows a residual force that is in agreement, within experimental uncertainty, with five models that have been used to calculate the Casimir force. C1 [Kim, W. J.; Sushkov, A. O.; Lamoreaux, S. K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Dalvit, D. A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kim, WJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, POB 208120, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU Yale University FX We acknowledge support from Yale University for the construction of the experimental apparatus and data acquisition, and from Los Alamos LDRD program. We thank G. Klimchitskaya for useful discussions. NR 28 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 060401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.060401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300001 PM 19792543 ER PT J AU Lee, WS Tanaka, K Vishik, IM Lu, DH Moore, RG Eisaki, H Iyo, A Devereaux, TP Shen, ZX AF Lee, W. S. Tanaka, K. Vishik, I. M. Lu, D. H. Moore, R. G. Eisaki, H. Iyo, A. Devereaux, T. P. Shen, Z. X. TI Dependence of Band-Renormalization Effects on the Number of Copper Oxide Layers in Tl-Based Copper Oxide Superconductors Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LINE-SHAPE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; TL2BA2CUO6+DELTA; DISPERSION; SPECTRA; PHONON AB Here we report the first angle-resolved photoemission measurement on nearly optimally doped multilayer Tl-based superconducting cuprates (Tl-2212 and Tl-1223) and a comparison study to single-layer (Tl-2201) compound. A "kink" in the band dispersion is found in all three compounds but exhibits different momentum dependence for the single-layer and multilayer compounds, reminiscent to that of Bi-based cuprates. This layer number dependent renormalization effect strongly implies that the spin-resonance mode is unlikely to be responsible for the dramatic renormalization effect near the antinodal region. C1 [Lee, W. S.; Devereaux, T. P.; Shen, Z. X.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SIMES, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Tanaka, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vishik, I. M.; Shen, Z. X.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Lu, D. H.; Moore, R. G.; Shen, Z. X.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Eisaki, H.; Iyo, A.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanoelect Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Lee, WS (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SIMES, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX SSRL is operated by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This work is supported by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, with Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 067003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.067003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300056 PM 19792598 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Liu, CT Wang, WH Inoue, A Sakurai, T Chen, MW AF Liu, Y. H. Liu, C. T. Wang, W. H. Inoue, A. Sakurai, T. Chen, M. W. TI Thermodynamic Origins of Shear Band Formation and the Universal Scaling Law of Metallic Glass Strength SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE RISE; PLASTIC-FLOW; FRACTURE; COMPRESSION; ALLOY; DEFORMATION; TRANSITION; PRESSURE AB We report a universal scaling law, tau(y)=3R(T-g-RT)/V, that uncovers an inherent relationship of the yield strength tau(y) with the glass transition temperature T-g and molar volume V of metallic glasses. This equation is derived from fundamental thermodynamics and validated by various metallic glasses with well-defined yielding. The linearity between tau(y) and T-g demonstrates the intrinsic correlation between yielding and glass-liquid transition, which contributes to the basic understanding of the strength and deformation of glassy alloys. C1 [Liu, Y. H.; Inoue, A.; Sakurai, T.; Chen, M. W.] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Liu, C. T.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Liu, C. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, W. H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Chen, MW (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. EM mwchen@wpi-aimr.tohoku.ac.jp RI LIU, Yanhui/B-1485-2009; Inoue, Akihisa/E-5271-2015; Chen, Mingwei/A-4855-2010 OI Chen, Mingwei/0000-0002-2850-8872 FU JSPS; Global COE; Tohoku University; "World Premier International (WPI) Center Initiative," MEXT, Japan; Division of Materials Science and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; NSFC [50731008]; MOST 973 [2007CB613904] FX The work was sponsored by the "Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists Start-up," JSPS; Global COE Program "Materials Integration (International Center of Education and Research), Tohoku University," and "World Premier International (WPI) Center Initiative," MEXT, Japan. C. T. L. is jointly supported by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy through contract with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and internal funding from Hong Kong Polytechnic University. W. H. W. is supported by the NSFC (50731008) and MOST 973 (2007CB613904). NR 32 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 065504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.065504 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300041 PM 19792583 ER PT J AU Seradjeh, B Moore, JE Franz, M AF Seradjeh, B. Moore, J. E. Franz, M. TI Exciton Condensation and Charge Fractionalization in a Topological Insulator Film SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLITONS; BILAYER AB An odd number of gapless Dirac fermions is guaranteed to exist at a surface of a strong topological insulator. We show that in a thin-film geometry and under external bias, electron-hole pairs that reside in these surface states can condense to form a novel exotic quantum state which we propose to call "topological exciton condensate" (TEC). This TEC is similar in general terms to the exciton condensate recently argued to exist in a biased graphene bilayer, but with different topological properties. It exhibits a host of unusual properties including a stable zero mode and a fractional charge +/- e/2 carried by a singly quantized vortex in the TEC order parameter. C1 [Seradjeh, B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moore, J. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Moore, J. E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Franz, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Seradjeh, B (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Seradjeh, Babak/B-5273-2011; Moore, Joel/O-4959-2016 OI Moore, Joel/0000-0002-4294-5761 FU NSERC; CIfAR; NSF; ICMT; UIUC; Killam Foundation FX Support for this work came from NSERC, CIfAR, NSF, ICMT at UIUC, and the Killam Foundation. The authors also acknowledge The Banff International Research Station where this collaboration was initiated. NR 24 TC 157 Z9 160 U1 3 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2009 VL 103 IS 6 AR 066402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.066402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 481KP UT WOS:000268809300045 PM 19792587 ER PT J AU Green, DJ Pagel, JM Nemecek, ER Lin, Y Kenoyer, A Pantelias, A Hamlin, DK Wilbur, DS Fisher, DR Rajendran, JG Gopal, AK Park, SI Press, OW AF Green, Damian J. Pagel, John M. Nemecek, Eneida R. Lin, Yukang Kenoyer, Aimee Pantelias, Anastasia Hamlin, Donald K. Wilbur, D. Scott Fisher, Darrell R. Rajendran, Joseph G. Gopal, Ajay K. Park, Steven I. Press, Oliver W. TI Pretargeting CD45 enhances the selective delivery of radiation to hematolymphoid tissues in nonhuman primates SO BLOOD LA English DT Article ID STREPTAVIDIN FUSION PROTEIN; B-CELL LYMPHOMAS; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; ANTI-CD45 MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; THERAPY; XENOGRAFTS AB Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) is designed to enhance the directed delivery of radionuclides to malignant cells. Through a series of studies in 19 nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis), the potential therapeutic advantage of anti-CD45 PRIT was evaluated. Anti-CD45 PRIT demonstrated a significant improvement in target-to-normal organ ratios of absorbed radiation compared with directly radiolabeled bivalent antibody ( conventional radioimmunotherapy [RIT]). Radio-DOTA-biotin administered 48 hours after anti-CD45 streptavidin fusion protein (FP) [BC8(scFv)(4)SA] produced markedly lower concentrations of radiation in nontarget tissues compared with conventional RIT. PRIT generated superior target: normal organ ratios in the blood, lung, and liver (10.3:1, 18.9:1, and 9.9:1, respectively) compared with the conventional RIT controls (2.6:1, 6.4:1, and 2.9:1, respectively). The FP demonstrated superior retention in target tissues relative to comparable directly radiolabeled bivalent anti-CD45 RIT. The time point of administration of the second step radiolabeled ligand (radio-DOTA-biotin) significantly impacted the biodistribution of radioactivity in target tissues. Rapid clearance of the FP from the circulation rendered unnecessary the addition of a synthetic clearing agent in this model. These results support proceeding to anti-CD45 PRIT clinical trials for patients with both leukemia and lymphoma. (Blood. 2009; 114: 1226-1235) C1 [Green, Damian J.; Pagel, John M.; Lin, Yukang; Kenoyer, Aimee; Pantelias, Anastasia; Gopal, Ajay K.; Park, Steven I.; Press, Oliver W.] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Green, Damian J.; Pagel, John M.; Gopal, Ajay K.; Park, Steven I.; Press, Oliver W.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. [Nemecek, Eneida R.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Hamlin, Donald K.; Wilbur, D. Scott] Univ Washington, Dept Radiat Oncol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fisher, Darrell R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rajendran, Joseph G.] Univ Washington, Dept Radiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Green, DJ (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, 1100 Fairview Ave N,MS D3-190, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM dgreen@fhcrc.org FU Lymphoma Research Foundation; National Institutes of Health [PO1 CA44991, RO1 CA109663, K23 CA100394]; American Society of Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award Program; Damon Runyan Cancer Research Foundation; David and Patricia Giuliani, Mary and Geary Britton-Simmons, James and Sherry Raisbeck, the Wyner-Stokes Foundation; Hext Family Foundation FX We thank the veterinary and research staff of the Washington National Primate Research Center for their technical support.; This work was supported by grants from the Lymphoma Research Foundation (D.J.G., O.W.P., J.M.P., A. K. G.), the National Institutes of Health ( grants PO1 CA44991 and RO1 CA109663, O.W.P.; grant K23 CA100394, E. R. N), the American Society of Clinical Oncology Young Investigator Award Program (D.J.G.), and the Damon Runyan Cancer Research Foundation (J.M.P.) and by gifts from David and Patricia Giuliani, Mary and Geary Britton-Simmons, James and Sherry Raisbeck, the Wyner-Stokes Foundation, and the Hext Family Foundation (O.W.P.) NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 114 IS 6 BP 1226 EP 1235 DI 10.1182/blood-2009-03-210344 PG 10 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 480XI UT WOS:000268770200016 PM 19515724 ER PT J AU Chen, X Ballin, JD Della-Maria, J Tsai, MS White, EJ Tomkinson, AE Wilson, GM AF Chen, Xi Ballin, Jeff D. Della-Maria, Julie Tsai, Miaw-Sheue White, Elizabeth J. Tomkinson, Alan E. Wilson, Gerald M. TI Distinct kinetics of human DNA ligases I, III alpha, III beta, and IV reveal direct DNA sensing ability and differential physiological functions in DNA repair SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE DNA ligases; Enzyme kinetics; Substrate recognition; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Assay; Development ID STRAND BREAK REPAIR; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; LIGATION; COMPLEX; BINDING; CELLS; RECOMBINATION; PURIFICATION AB The three human LIG genes encode polypeptides that catalyze phosphodiester bond formation during DNA replication, recombination and repair. While numerous studies have identified protein partners of the human DNA ligases (hLigs), there has been little characterization of the catalytic Properties of these enzymes. In this study, we developed and optimized a fluorescence-based DNA ligation assay to characterize the activities of purified hLigs. Although hLigI joins DNA nicks, it has no detectable activity on linear duplex DNA substrates with short, cohesive single-strand ends. By contrast, hLigIII beta and the hLigIII alpha/XRCC1 and hLigIV/XRCC4 complexes are active on both nicked and linear duplex DNA substrates. Surprisingly, hLigIV/XRCC4, which is a key component of the major non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, is significantly less active than hLigIII on a linear duplex DNA substrate. Notably, hLigIV/XRCC4 molecules only catalyze a single ligation event in the absence or presence of ATP. The failure to catalyze subsequent ligation events reflects a defect in the enzyme-adenylation step of the next ligation reaction and suggests that, unless there is an in vivo mechanism to reactivate DNA ligase IV/XRCC4 following phosphodiester bond formation, the cellular NHEJ capacity will be determined by the number of adenylated DNA ligaseIV/XRCC4 molecules. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ballin, Jeff D.; White, Elizabeth J.; Wilson, Gerald M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chen, Xi; Ballin, Jeff D.; Della-Maria, Julie; White, Elizabeth J.; Tomkinson, Alan E.; Wilson, Gerald M.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Canc Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chen, Xi; Della-Maria, Julie; Tomkinson, Alan E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Radiat & Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Tsai, Miaw-Sheue] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Canc & DNA Damage Responses, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilson, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 108 N Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM gwils001@umaryland.edu RI Ballin, Jeff/D-3752-2011 OI Ballin, Jeff/0000-0002-2712-130X FU National Institutes of Health [GM47521, GM57479, ES012512, CA92584, CA102428] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [GM47521, GM57479 and ES012512 to A.E.T., CA92584 to A.E.T. and M.-S.T., CA102428 to G.M.W.]. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 8 IS 8 BP 961 EP 968 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2009.06.002 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484DH UT WOS:000269023000009 PM 19589734 ER PT J AU Brecht, SH Hewett, DW Larson, DJ AF Brecht, Stephen H. Hewett, Dennis W. Larson, David J. TI A magnetized, spherical plasma expansion in an inhomogeneous plasma: Transition from super- to sub-Alfvenic SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON INSTABILITY; HIGH-BETA-PLASMAS; SIMULATION; SPACE; FIELD; WAVES AB In this letter the transition of a strong 3-D collisionless shock into sub-Alfvenic waves is numerically. The transition occurs due to changes in the background plasma parameters. The Alfvenic speed eventually exceeds the shock speed; the shock does not run out of energy. At this velocity transition, the shock disassembles into two types of waves: the usual compressional Alfvenic wave and a left-hand polarized electromagnetic shear Alfvenic wave. This latter wave shows remarkable 3-D coherence, and preliminary analysis suggests that there are two possible sources of energy: one is coupling to the strong electromagnetic waves that exist within the collisionless shock and the other is the density and magnetic field gradients at the interface. Citation: Brecht, S. H., D. W. Hewett, and D. J. Larson (2009), A magnetized, spherical plasma expansion in an inhomogeneous plasma: Transition from super-to sub-Alfvenic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15105, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038393. C1 [Brecht, Stephen H.; Hewett, Dennis W.; Larson, David J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Brecht, Stephen H.] Bay Area Res Corp, Orinda, CA 94563 USA. RP Brecht, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM hewett1@llnl.gov OI Larson, David/0000-0003-0814-8555 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [DTRA IACRO 07-42261]; Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the assistance of Chester Eng and that of Ellen Tarwater. This work was sponsored by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency under DTRA IACRO 07-42261 and under the auspices of the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, (LLNS) under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L15105 DI 10.1029/2009GL038393 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481OB UT WOS:000268819900002 ER PT J AU Valiev, M D'Auria, R Tobias, DJ Garrettt, BC AF Valiev, Marat D'Auria, Raffaella Tobias, Douglas J. Garrettt, Bruce C. TI Interactions of Cl(-) and OH Radical in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID MINIMUM ENERGY PATHS; MOLECULAR CHLORINE; FULL EOMCCSDT; SIMULATIONS; WATER; MECHANICS; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; AIR AB There is a considerable controversy surrounding the nature of the Cl(-)/OH complex in aqueous solution, which appears as a byproduct of the irradiation of salt solutions in nuclear reactor operation, radioactive waste storage, medicine, and environmental problems. In this work, we report results of combined quantum mechanical molecular mechanics calculations of ground-state free-energy surfaces and absorption spectrum through the CCSDT level of theory that are consistent with the experimental data and suggest that hemibonded HOCl(-) species may indeed exist in bulk aqueous solution. C1 [Valiev, Marat; Garrettt, Bruce C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Valiev, Marat; Garrettt, Bruce C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [D'Auria, Raffaella; Tobias, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [D'Auria, Raffaella; Tobias, Douglas J.] Univ Calif Irvine, AirUCI, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Valiev, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM marat.valiev@pnl.gov RI Tobias, Douglas/B-6799-2015 NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 31 BP 8823 EP 8825 DI 10.1021/jp903625k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 476XD UT WOS:000268479200001 PM 19591498 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Cabelli, D AF Sharma, Virender K. Cabelli, Diane TI Reduction of Oxyiron(V) by Sulfite and Thiosulfate in Aqueous Solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MIX PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; FERRATE(VI) OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; FENTON REACTION; RATE CONSTANTS; AMINO-ACIDS; VALENT IRON; MECHANISM; KINETICS; OXYGEN AB The reduction of oxyiron(V), Fe(v)O(4)(3-) by inorganic oxysulfur species (SO(3)(2-) and S(2)O(3)(2-)) has been anaerobically in alkaline medium by using a premix pulse radiolysis technique. Studies on the reactions of Fe(VI)O(4)(2-) with the two sulfur radicals were also carried out. The spectroscopic results demonstrated that sulfur radicals reduced Fe(VI)O(4)(2-) to Fe(V)O(4)(3-) which is subsequently reduced by oxysulfur species by a two-electron reduction step to Fe(III). The rate constants for reduction of Fe(VI)O(4)(2-) to Fe(V)O(4)(3-) by sulfite and thiosulfate radicals ((center dot)SO(3)(-) and S(4)O(6)(center dot 3-)) were found to be (1.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(8) and (7.5 +/- 0.8) x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, However, the reactions of Fe(V)O(4)(3-) with the SO(3)(2-) and S(2)O(3)(2-) ions were separated by an order of magnitude, with SO(3)(2-) reacting at (3.9 +/- 0.3) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) while S(2)O(3)(2-) reacted with Fe(V) at (2.1 +/- 0.1) x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) at pH 11.4. C1 [Sharma, Virender K.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Cabelli, Diane] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Long Isl City, NY 11973 USA. RP Sharma, VK (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Chem, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM vsharma@fit.edu OI Sharma, Virender/0000-0002-5980-8675 FU USDOE [E-AC02-98CH10886] FX A part of this work is supported Under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the USDOE and its Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We thank Drs. J. Clayton Baum and Ria Yngard for useful comments on the paper. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 31 BP 8901 EP 8906 DI 10.1021/jp901994x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 476XD UT WOS:000268479200012 PM 19603757 ER PT J AU Herranz, T Deng, XY Cabot, A Guo, JG Salmeron, M AF Herranz, Tirma Deng, Xingyi Cabot, Andreu Guo, Jingua Salmeron, Miquel TI Influence of the Cobalt Particle Size in the CO Hydrogenation Reaction Studied by In Situ X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; CO/SIO2 CATALYST; REDUCIBILITY; NANOCRYSTALS; OXIDATION; BEHAVIOR; SUPPORT; SILICA; SHAPE AB The influence of particle size in the carbon monoxide hydrogenation reaction has been studied using cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) with narrow size distribution prepared from colloidal chemistry. The surfactant covering the NPs after synthesis could be removed by heating to 200-270 degrees C in H(2). Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy was performed using a gas flow cell under reaction conditions of H(2) and CO at atmospheric pressure. Flow of pure hydrogen at 350 degrees C removed the protecting surfactant layer and reduced the NPs from oxidized to metallic. The NPs remained metallic during the methanation reaction with their surface covered by CO. The methanation turnover frequency of silica-supported NPs was found to decrease with diameter below 10 nm, whereas the reaction activation energy was found to be independent of NP size. H-D exchange experiments indicated that it is the dissociation of H(2) that is responsible for the observed decrease in activity with size. C1 [Herranz, Tirma; Deng, Xingyi; Cabot, Andreu; Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guo, Jingua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salmeron, Miquel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salmeron, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MBSalmeron@lbl.gov RI Herranz, Tirma/A-8656-2008; andreu, cabot/B-5683-2014; OI Deng, Xingyi/0000-0001-9109-1443; cabot, andreu /0000-0002-7533-3251 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Ramon Areces Foundation from Spain FX We thank Prof. Paul Alivisatos for his support in the synthesis of nanoparticles and careful reading of this paper. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Bioscienccs Division, under the Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Synthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles was performed in the Molecular Foundry and at the Advanced Light Source. T.H. acknowledges also financial support from the Ramon Areces Foundation from Spain. NR 43 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 31 BP 10721 EP 10727 DI 10.1021/jp901602s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 476XB UT WOS:000268479000025 PM 19601588 ER PT J AU Bu, LT Beckham, GT Crowley, MF Chang, CH Matthews, JF Bomble, YJ Adney, WS Himmel, ME Nimlos, MR AF Bu, Lintao Beckham, Gregg T. Crowley, Michael F. Chang, Christopher H. Matthews, James F. Bomble, Yannick J. Adney, William S. Himmel, Michael E. Nimlos, Mark R. TI The Energy Landscape for the Interaction of the Family 1 Carbohydrate-Binding Module and the Cellulose Surface is Altered by Hydrolyzed Glycosidic Bonds SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID REESEI CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; FORCE-FIELD; DYNAMICS; DOMAINS; SIMULATIONS AB A multiscale simulation model is used to construct potential and free energy surfaces for the carbohydrate-binding module [CBM] from an industrially important cellulase, Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase 1, on the hydrophobic face of a coarse-grained cellulose 1 beta polymorph. We predict from computation that the CBM alone exhibits regions of stability on the hydrophobic face of cellulose every 5 and 10 angstrom, corresponding to a glucose unit and a cellobiose unit, respectively. In addition, we predict a new role for the CBM: specifically, that in the presence of hydrolyzed cellulose chain ends, the CBM exerts a thermodynamic driving force to translate away from the free cellulose chain ends. This suggests that the CBM is not only required for binding to cellulose, as has been known for two decades, but also that it has evolved to both assist the enzyme in recognizing a cellulose chain end and exert a driving force on the enzyme during processive hydrolysis of cellulose. C1 [Bu, Lintao; Beckham, Gregg T.; Nimlos, Mark R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Crowley, Michael F.; Matthews, James F.; Bomble, Yannick J.; Adney, William S.; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Chang, Christopher H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Mat & Computat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Nimlos, MR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM mark.nimlos@nrel.gov RI Chang, Christopher/A-1404-2012; crowley, michael/A-4852-2013 OI Chang, Christopher/0000-0003-3800-6021; crowley, michael/0000-0001-5163-9398 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; DOE Office; Colorado School of Mines; National Science Foundation FX The work to develop the coarse-grained cellulose Surface model was supported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Directed Research & Development program and by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The work to model T. reesei CBM acting on the cellulose surface model was supported by the DOE Office of the Biomass Program. Computational resources for this research were supported in part by the Golden Energy Computing Organization at the Colorado School of Mines using resources acquired with financial assistance from the National Science Foundation and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We thank Professor Baron Peters of UCSB for helpful discussions. NR 46 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 31 BP 10994 EP 11002 DI 10.1021/jp904003z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 476XB UT WOS:000268479000055 PM 19594145 ER PT J AU Braun, GB Lee, SJ Laurence, T Fera, N Fabris, L Bazan, GC Moskovits, M Reich, NO AF Braun, Gary B. Lee, Seung Joon Laurence, Ted Fera, Nick Fabris, Laura Bazan, Guillermo C. Moskovits, Martin Reich, Norbert O. TI Generalized Approach to SERS-Active Nanomaterials via Controlled Nanoparticle Linking, Polymer Encapsulation, and Small-Molecule Infusion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; SCATTERING; SILVER; SPECTROSCOPY; COLLOIDS; DNA; ADSORPTION; FILMS AB Over the past decade the emphasis on single-molecule sensitivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has brought to prominence the special role played by so-called SERS hot spots, often times nanometerscale junctions between nanoparticles (NPs). In this report, molecular linkers are used to mediate the assembly of NPs to dimers and small clusters. When the SERS enhancement is optimized, the aggregation process is quenched by polymer and protein stabilizers that subsequently act as encapsulants resulting in SERS substates with unprecedented enhancement uniformity, reproducibility, and stability. The polymer-stabilized NP junctions were then imprinted with a variety of small molecules that permeated the polymer coat and displaced the linker from the hot spot. The average SERS enhancement of these SERS "nanocapsules" was found to be at least 300x greater than for single NPs, while the Raman/Rayleigh scattering ratio was 101 higher for linked NPs versus nonoptimized aggregates. Single-particle statistics showed that almost every nanocapsule produced intense SERS, suggesting that they are NT dimers and small clusters with the probe molecule resident in a hot spot. Nanocapsules were functionalized and shown to compete successfully with fluorescence imaging in multiplexed identification of cancer cell epitopes at the single-cell and single-nanotag level. C1 [Braun, Gary B.; Lee, Seung Joon; Fera, Nick; Fabris, Laura; Moskovits, Martin; Reich, Norbert O.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Laurence, Ted] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem Mat Earth & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moskovits, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM mmoskovits@ltsc.ucsb.cdu; reich@chem.ucsb.edu RI Laurence, Ted/E-4791-2011; Braun, Gary/A-4913-2009; Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 OI Laurence, Ted/0000-0003-1474-779X; Braun, Gary/0000-0002-6301-0228; FU Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB), from U.S. Army Research Office [DAAD19-03-D-0004]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories through a UCDRD; UC Discovery program; Tamarisc Diagnostics; National Science Foundation [DMR-0080034, DMR-0216466] FX This work was supported by funding from the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB) through Grant No. DAAD19-03-D-0004 from U.S. Army Research Office, from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories through a UCDRD grant. Funding from the UC Discovery program and Tamarisc Diagnostics to N.R. is acknowledged. Extensive use of the MRL Central Facilities at UCSB supported by the National Science Foundation under Awards No. DMR-0080034 and DMR-0216466 for electron microscopy. We thank Dr. Stanley M. Parsons (UCSB) for use of the Olympus epifluorescent microscope. NR 25 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 8 U2 87 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 31 BP 13622 EP 13629 DI 10.1021/jp903399p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 476WY UT WOS:000268478700027 ER PT J AU Orendorff, CJ Huber, DL Bunker, BC AF Orendorff, Christopher J. Huber, Dale L. Bunker, Bruce C. TI Effects of Water and Temperature on Conformational Order in Model Nylon Thin Films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OCTADECYLSILANE STATIONARY PHASES; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; CHAIN CONFORMATION; SURFACE-PROPERTIES; INFRARED SPECTRA; POLYAMIDES; PERFORMANCE; MEMBRANE; MONOLAYERS AB Nylon 6,6 thin films have been examined by Raman spectroscopy to determine how chain conformation is influenced by environmental parameters such as exposure to water and temperature variations. The motivation for this work is to elucidate how interactions between water and the model polymers mediate polymer structures in applications such as the removal of salt from water in reverse osmosis membranes. Raman spectra show that model self-assembled monolayers containing Nylon 6,6 chains are semicrystalline under ambient conditions. The native chains adopt an unusual kinked and folded conformation related to that found in gamma-Nylon 6,6. The regular chain deformations allow adjacent tethered chains to maximize hydrogen-bonding between neighboring amide groups under the constraints imposed by Surface tethering. With increasing temperature, the films undergo a phase transition associated with the disruption of hydrogen bonds leading to structures containing more linear regions that are closer to the "all trans" case. Similar structural changes are observed on exposing the Nylon films to water. The salt content of the water does not appear to have a significant impact on the structure or phase transition in the Nylon 6,6. These results suggest that while inclusion of water has a profound effect on the polymer structure, either salt is excluded from the polymer or there is sufficient free volume within the films to accommodate hydrated ions without inducing further structural changes. C1 [Orendorff, Christopher J.; Huber, Dale L.; Bunker, Bruce C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Orendorff, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM corendo@sandia.gov RI Huber, Dale/A-6006-2008 OI Huber, Dale/0000-0001-6872-8469 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are grateful to research support from Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development program. The authors thank J. A. Timlin, D. R. Tallant, and R. L. Simpson for their technical assistance and L. M. G. Minear, C. A. Gresham, K. M. Alam, and L. E. Martin for allowing us to use their spectroscopy facilities. The authors also acknowledge Akzo Nobel for providing bulk silica materials. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 31 BP 13723 EP 13731 DI 10.1021/jp901309y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 476WY UT WOS:000268478700042 ER PT J AU Kumar, N Neogi, S Kent, PRC Bandura, AV Kubicki, JD Wesolowski, DJ Cole, D Sofo, JO AF Kumar, Nitin Neogi, Sanghamitra Kent, Paul R. C. Bandura, Andrei V. Kubicki, James D. Wesolowski, David J. Cole, David Sofo, Jorge O. TI Hydrogen Bonds and Vibrations of Water on (110) Rutile SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; LIQUID WATER; BASIS-SET; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; TIO2(110) AB We Study the relation between the hydrogen bonding and the vibrational frequency spectra of water on the (110) surface of rutile (alpha-TiO2) with three structural layers of adsorbed water, Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at 280, 300, and 320 K, we find strong, crystallographically controlled adsorption sites, in general agreement with synchrotron X-ray and classical molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that these sites are produced by strong hydrogen bonds formed between the surface oxygen atoms and the sorbed water molecules. The strength of these bonds is manifested by substantial broadening of the stretching mode vibrational band. The overall vibrational spectrum obtained from our simulations is in good agreement with inelastic neutron scattering experiments. We correlate the vibrational spectrum with different bonds at the surface to transform these vibrational measurements into a spectroscopy of surface interactions. C1 [Kumar, Nitin; Neogi, Sanghamitra; Sofo, Jorge O.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kubicki, James D.] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Sofo, Jorge O.] Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kent, Paul R. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Wesolowski, David J.; Cole, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Bandura, Andrei V.] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. RP Sofo, JO (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, 104 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM sofo@psu.edu RI Kent, Paul/A-6756-2008; Sofo, Jorge/J-4415-2012; Sofo, Jorge/B-4344-2014; Bandura, Andrei/I-2702-2013; Neogi, Sanghamitra/N-6870-2014; Kumar, Nitin/M-5778-2014; Kubicki, James/I-1843-2012 OI Kent, Paul/0000-0001-5539-4017; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Sofo, Jorge/0000-0003-4513-3694; Bandura, Andrei/0000-0003-2816-0578; Neogi, Sanghamitra/0000-0003-2743-1313; Kumar, Nitin/0000-0002-1064-1659; Kubicki, James/0000-0002-9277-9044 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geoscience Research Program [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Materials Simulation Center, a Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science (MRSEC-NSF); Penn State Materials Research Institute facility FX This work was supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geoscience Research Program to Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is operated by UT Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 for the U.S. Department of Energy. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences at ORNL, which are sponsored by the respective facilities divisions of the DOE Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Basic Energy Sciences. This work was supported in part by the Materials Simulation Center, a Penn State Center for Nanoscale Science (MRSEC-NSF) and Penn State Materials Research Institute facility. NR 52 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 6 PY 2009 VL 113 IS 31 BP 13732 EP 13740 DI 10.1021/jp901665e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 476WY UT WOS:000268478700043 ER PT J AU Stenger, PC Wu, GH Miller, CE Chi, EY Frey, SL Lee, KYC Majewski, J Kjaer, K Zasadzinski, JA AF Stenger, Patrick C. Wu, Guohui Miller, Chad E. Chi, Eva Y. Frey, Shelli L. Lee, Ka Yee C. Majewski, Jaroslaw Kjaer, Kristian Zasadzinski, Joseph A. TI X-Ray Diffraction and Reflectivity Validation of the Depletion Attraction in the Competitive Adsorption of Lung Surfactant and Albumin SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; GRAZING-INCIDENCE DIFFRACTION; LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; PULMONARY SURFACTANT; HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS; LIPID MONOLAYERS; PALMITIC ACID; SERUM-ALBUMIN; INACTIVATION; INHIBITION AB Lung surfactant (LS) and albumin compete for the air-water interface when both are present in solution. Equilibrium favors LS because it has a lower equilibrium surface pressure, but the smaller albumin is kinetically favored by faster diffusion. Albumin at the interface creates an energy barrier to subsequent LS adsorption that can be overcome by the depletion attraction induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in solution. A combination of grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD), x-ray reflectivity (XR), and pressure-area isotherms provides molecular-resolution information on the location and configuration of LS, albumin, and polymer. XR shows an average electron density similar to that of albumin at low surface pressures, whereas GIRD shows a heterogeneous interface with coexisting LS and albumin domains at higher surface pressures. Albumin induces a slightly larger lattice spacing and greater molecular tilt, similar in effect to a small decrease in the surface pressure. XR shows that adding PEG to the LS-albumin subphase restores the characteristic LS electron density profile at the interface, and confirms that PEG is depleted near the interface. GIXD shows the same LS Bragg peaks and Bragg rods as on a pristine interface, but with a more compact lattice corresponding to a small increase in the surface pressure. These results confirm that albumin adsorption creates a physical barrier that inhibits LS adsorption, and that PEG in the subphase generates a depletion attraction between the LS aggregates and the interface that enhances LS adsorption without substantially altering the structure or properties of the LS monolayer. C1 [Stenger, Patrick C.; Wu, Guohui; Zasadzinski, Joseph A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chi, Eva Y.; Frey, Shelli L.; Lee, Ka Yee C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Miller, Chad E.; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kjaer, Kristian] Riso Natl Lab, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Zasadzinski, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM gorilla@engineering.ucsb.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU National Institutes of Health [HL-66410, HL-51177, HL-080718]; National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W7405-ENG-36]; Department of Energy Office of Basic Engineering Sciences; Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL-66410, HL-51177, and HL-080718. P.C.S. was partially supported by a National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship. J.M. and C.E.M. were supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Department of Energy contract W7405-ENG-36 and by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Engineering Sciences. C.E.M. acknowledges support from the Los Alamos National Laboratory Director's Postdoctoral Fellowship and the Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 97 IS 3 BP 777 EP 786 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.05.017 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 482YK UT WOS:000268926500012 PM 19651036 ER PT J AU Baker, RH Morgan, J Wang, XH Boore, JL Wilkinson, GS AF Baker, Richard H. Morgan, Jenna Wang, Xianhui Boore, Jeffrey L. Wilkinson, Gerald S. TI Genomic analysis of a sexually-selected character: EST sequencing and microarray analysis of eye-antennal imaginal discs in the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni (Diopsidae) SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID BIASED GENE-EXPRESSION; CHROMOSOME MEIOTIC DRIVE; CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; CYRTODIOPSIS-DALMANNI; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPRESSION; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; FLIES DIOPSIDAE; ORNAMENT SIZE; SEX AB Background: Many species of stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae) possess highly-exaggerated, sexually dimorphic eye-stalks that play an important role in the mating system of these flies. Eye-stalks are increasingly being used as a model system for studying sexual selection, but little is known about the genetic mechanisms producing variation in these ornamental traits. Therefore, we constructed an EST database of genes expressed in the developing eye-antennal imaginal disc of the highly dimorphic species Teleopsis dalmanni. We used this set of genes to construct microarray slides and compare patterns of gene expression between lines of flies with divergent eyespan. Results: We generated 33,229 high-quality ESTs from three non-normalized libraries made from the developing eye-stalk tissue at different developmental stages. EST assembly and annotation produced a total of 7,066 clusters comprising 3,424 unique genes with significant sequence similarity to a protein in either Drosophila melanogaster or Anopheles gambiae. Comparisons of the transcript profiles at different stages reveal a developmental shift in relative expression from genes involved in anatomical structure formation, transcription, and cell proliferation at the larval stage to genes involved in neurological processes and cuticle production during the pupal stages. Based on alignments of the EST fragments to homologous sequences in Drosophila and Anopheles, we identified 20 putative gene duplication events in T. dalmanni and numerous genes undergoing significantly faster rates of evolution in T. dalmanni relative to the other Dipteran species. Microarray experiments identified over 350 genes with significant differential expression between flies from lines selected for high and low relative eyespan but did not reveal any primary biological process or pathway that is driving the expression differences. Conclusion: The catalogue of genes identified in the EST database provides a valuable framework for a comprehensive examination of the genetic basis of eye-stalk variation. Several candidate genes, such as crooked legs, cdc2, CG31917 and CG11577, emerge from the analysis of gene duplication, protein evolution and microarray gene expression. Additional comparisons of expression profiles between, for example, males and females, and species that differ in eye-stalk sexual dimorphism, are now enabled by these resources. C1 [Baker, Richard H.; Morgan, Jenna; Boore, Jeffrey L.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Baker, Richard H.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Wang, Xianhui; Wilkinson, Gerald S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Genome Project Solut, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. RP Baker, RH (reprint author), Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, 2800 Mitchell Dr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM rbaker@amnh.org; jlmorgan@lbl.gov; wangxh2006@gmail.com; jlboore@GenomeProjectSolutions.com; wilkinso@umd.edu RI Wilkinson, Gerald/E-4424-2011 OI Wilkinson, Gerald/0000-0001-7799-8444 FU NSF [DEB-0445047, DEB-0444886] FX We are grateful to Peter Brokstein for substantial guidance and expertise with EST annotation, Erin Kelleher, Jennifer Kuehl, Aaron Lorsong, Marie Pitts and Jamie Walters for assistance with several aspects of the work, and Alvaro Godinez for conducting microarray hybridizations. We thank four anonymous reviewers for several valuable comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by an NIH NRSA fellowship to RHB and collaborative NSF grants to JLB (DEB-0445047) and GSW (DEB-0444886). NR 72 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 361 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-361 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 490OP UT WOS:000269510700001 PM 19656405 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Streets, DG He, KB AF Zhang, Qiang Streets, David G. He, Kebin TI Satellite observations of recent power plant construction in Inner Mongolia, China SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; EMISSIONS; RETRIEVAL; INVENTORY; SPACE; ASIA AB About 50% of the increase in China's NOx emissions since 2000 can be attributed to the construction of new power plants. We show that the newly added NOx emissions from new power plants in Inner Mongolia, China, were detected by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Aura satellite. Increase rates of NO2 columns from OMI and NOx emissions from inventories are even in quantitative agreement in cases where new facilities are added to already-developed regions. This study confirms that the OMI products are quite capable of identifying the construction of large new emitting facilities through detection of their NOx emissions. Citation: Zhang, Q., D. G. Streets, and K. He (2009), Satellite observations of recent power plant construction in Inner Mongolia, China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L15809, doi: 10.1029/2009GL038984. C1 [Zhang, Qiang; Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [He, Kebin] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zhangq@anl.gov RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; China's National Basic Research Program [2005CB422201]; China's National High Technology Research and Development Program [2006AA06A305]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Program on Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results. The work at Tsinghua University was supported by China's National Basic Research Program (2005CB422201) and China's National High Technology Research and Development Program (2006AA06A305). KNMI-OMI data used in this paper were produced by KNMI in the Netherlands in collaboration with NASA (www.temis.nl). The NASA-OMI Level-3 Standard NO2 product was provided by the EOS AURA Data Validation Center (http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/). The OMI project is managed by NIVR and KNMI in the Netherlands. We thank Andreas Richter for providing the UB-OMI data and for his valuable comments. We thank Lawrence Friedl (NASA) and Gregory Carmichael (University of Iowa) for programmatic support. Argonne National Laboratory is operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 36 AR L15809 DI 10.1029/2009GL038984 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 481NZ UT WOS:000268819700003 ER PT J AU Gorensek, MB Edwards, TB AF Gorensek, Maximilian B. Edwards, Thomas B. TI Energy Efficiency Limits for a Recuperative Bayonet Sulfuric Acid Decomposition Reactor for Sulfur Cycle Thermochemical Hydrogen Production SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB A recuperative bayonet reactor design for the high-temperature sulfuric acid decomposition step in sulfur-based thermochemical hydrogen cycles was evaluated using pinch analysis in conjunction with statistical methods. The objective was to establish the minimum energy requirement. Taking hydrogen production via alkaline electrolysis with nuclear power as the benchmark, the acid decomposition step can consume no more than 450 kJ/(mol of SO(2)) for sulfur cycles to be competitive. The lowest value of the minimum heating target, 320.9 kJ/(mol of SO(2)), was found at the highest pressure (90 bar) and peak process temperature (900 degrees C) considered, and at a feed concentration of 42.5 mol % H(2)SO(4). This should be low enough for a practical water-splitting process, even including the additional energy required to concentrate the acid feed. Lower temperatures consistently gave higher minimum heating targets. The lowest peak process temperature that could meet the benchmark of 450 kJ/(mol of SO(2)) was 7.50 degrees C. If the decomposition reactor were to be heated indirectly by an advanced gas-cooled reactor heat source (50 degrees C temperature difference between the primary and secondary coolants, 25 degrees C minimum temperature difference between the secondary coolant and the process), then sulfur cycles using this concept could be: competitive with alkaline electrolysis provided that the primary heat source temperature is at least 825 degrees C. The bayonet design will not be practical if the (primary heat source) reactor outlet temperature is below 825 degrees C. C1 [Gorensek, Maximilian B.; Edwards, Thomas B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Computat Sci Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Gorensek, MB (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Computat Sci Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM maximilian.gorensek@srnl.doe.gov RI Gorensek, Maximilian/B-5298-2012; OI Gorensek, Maximilian/0000-0002-4322-9062 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-A C09-08SR22470]; DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) FX This work was performed under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Contract DE-A C09-08SR22470. Funding was provided by the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) under the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative (NHI) program. Mr. Carl Sink was NHI program manager, and Dr. Stephen Kung was program manager for thermochemical cycles. This work was part of the HyS cycle process development effort at Savannah River National Laboratory for which Dr. William A. Summers was Principal Investigator. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 15 BP 7232 EP 7245 DI 10.1021/ie900310r PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 476XG UT WOS:000268479500040 ER PT J AU Bussmann, E Sun, J Pohl, K Kellogg, GL AF Bussmann, E. Sun, J. Pohl, K. Kellogg, G. L. TI Palladium diffusion into bulk copper via the (100) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on LEEM/PEEM CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Trieste, ITALY ID CU(100); FILMS; PD; GROWTH; ALLOYS AB Using low-energy electron microscopy, we measure the diffusion of Pd into bulk Cu at the Cu(100) surface. Interdiffusion is tracked by measuring the dissolution of the Cu(100)-c(2 x 2)-Pd surface alloy during annealing (T > 240 degrees C). The activation barrier for Pd diffusion from the surface alloy into the bulk is determined to be (1.8 +/- 0.6) eV. During annealing, we observe the growth of a new layer of Cu near step edges. Under this new Cu layer, dilute Pd remaining near the surface develops a layered structure similar to the Cu(3)Pd L1(2) bulk alloy phase. C1 [Bussmann, E.; Kellogg, G. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sun, J.; Pohl, K.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Sun, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Mat Sci Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Bussmann, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Sun, Jiebing/B-5678-2012 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 31 AR 314016 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/31/314016 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 469FE UT WOS:000267880300017 PM 21828577 ER PT J AU El Gabaly, F Bartelt, NC Schmid, AK AF El Gabaly, F. Bartelt, N. C. Schmid, A. K. TI Preparing arrays of large atomically flat regions on single crystal substrates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on LEEM/PEEM CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Trieste, ITALY ID SURFACE; NUCLEATION; SI(001); GROWTH; ENERGY; FILMS AB We report a simple and general procedure to create arrays of atomically flat terraces on single crystal surfaces. Facets of three-dimensional (3D) metal islands formed after hetero-epitaxial growth are often flat and, through annealing or growth at elevated temperature, the formation of rather large (micron-scale) atomically flat-top facets can be promoted. We find that the step-free nature of top facets on such islands can be transferred to the substrate surface through room-temperature ion-sputter etching, followed by an annealing step. We use low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) for in situ monitoring of the process steps while fabricating arrays of step-free surface regions on W(110), Ru(0001), Cu(100), and Fe(100) single crystals. C1 [El Gabaly, F.; Bartelt, N. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [El Gabaly, F.; Schmid, A. K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP El Gabaly, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM felgabaly@gmail.com RI Bartelt, Norman/G-2927-2012 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 31 AR 314019 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/31/314019 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 469FE UT WOS:000267880300020 PM 21828580 ER PT J AU Flege, JI Sutter, P AF Flege, J. I. Sutter, P. TI Nanoscale analysis of Ru(0001) oxidation using low-energy and photoemission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on LEEM/PEEM CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Trieste, ITALY ID ACTIVE CATALYTIC SURFACE; CO OXIDATION; RUTHENIUM; OXYGEN; REACTIVITY; FILMS AB CO oxidation over oxygen-rich Ru(0001) surfaces is one of the most studied catalytic oxidation reactions in surface science and of widespread interest as a model system for the redox chemistry of transition metal model catalysts. Here, we present an extensive low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoemission electron microscopy study of the oxidation of Ru(0001), which constitutes a crucial step in understanding the overall surface reaction. After characterizing the different surface nanoscale morphologies observed depending on the oxidation temperature, three distinct oxygen-rich phases are identified by dark-field microscopy and local valence-band spectroscopy. Furthermore, in situ LEEM allows us to follow the growth of single rutile oxide nuclei in real time and determine the relevant activation barriers that induce quasi-one-dimensional growth of oxide nanorods, whose growth rate is limited by O incorporation. C1 [Flege, J. I.; Sutter, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Flege, JI (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM flege@ifp.uni-bremen.de RI Flege, Jan Ingo/J-6354-2012 OI Flege, Jan Ingo/0000-0002-8346-6863 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 31 AR 314018 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/31/314018 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 469FE UT WOS:000267880300019 PM 21828579 ER PT J AU Santos, B Loginova, E Mascaraque, A Schmid, AK McCarty, KF de la Figuera, J AF Santos, B. Loginova, E. Mascaraque, A. Schmid, A. K. McCarty, K. F. de la Figuera, J. TI Structure and magnetism in ultrathin iron oxides characterized by low energy electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on LEEM/PEEM CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Trieste, ITALY ID VERWEY TRANSITION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; FILMS; RU(0001); SURFACE; FE3O4; POLARIZATION; CHEMISTRY; FE AB We have grown epitaxial films a few atomic layers thick of iron oxides on ruthenium. We characterize the growth by low energy electron microscopy. Using selected-area diffraction and intensity-versus-voltage spectroscopy, we detect two distinct phases which are assigned as wustite and magnetite. Spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy reveals magnetic domain patterns in the magnetite phase at room temperature. C1 [Santos, B.; de la Figuera, J.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Santos, B.; de la Figuera, J.] CSIC, Inst Quim Fis Rocasolano, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Loginova, E.; McCarty, K. F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mascaraque, A.] Univ Complutense Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Schmid, A. K.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Santos, B (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. EM juan.delafiguera@iqfr.csic.es RI de la Figuera, Juan/E-7046-2010; McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Mascaraque, Arantzazu/D-9504-2012 OI de la Figuera, Juan/0000-0002-7014-4777; McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Mascaraque, Arantzazu/0000-0002-2614-2862 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 31 AR 314011 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/31/314011 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 469FE UT WOS:000267880300012 PM 21828572 ER PT J AU Speckmann, M Schmidt, T Flege, JI Sadowski, JT Sutter, P Falta, J AF Speckmann, M. Schmidt, Th Flege, J. I. Sadowski, J. T. Sutter, P. Falta, J. TI Temperature dependent low energy electron microscopy study of Ge island growth on bare and Ga terminated Si(112) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on LEEM/PEEM CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Trieste, ITALY ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SURFACTANT-MEDIATED EPITAXY; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; NUCLEATION; GERMANIUM; KINETICS; NANOSTRUCTURES; DIFFRACTION; ADSORPTION AB The pre-adsorption of Ga on Si(112) leads to a drastic change of the morphology of subsequently grown Ge islands. In contrast to the case for Ge growth on bare Si(112), even nanowire growth can be achieved on Ga terminated Si(112). Employing low energy electron microscopy and low energy electron diffraction, the initial phase of Ge nucleation and Ge island growth was systematically analysed for growth temperatures between 420 and 610 degrees C, both on clean and on Ga terminated Si(112). In both cases the island density exhibits an Arrhenius-like behaviour, from which diffusion barrier heights of about 1.3 and 1.0 eV can be estimated for growth with and without Ga pre-adsorption, respectively. The Ge island shape on the bare Si(112) surface is found to be nearly circular over the whole temperature range, whereas the shapes of the Ge islands on the Ga terminated Si(112) become highly anisotropic for higher temperatures. Ge nanowires with sizes of up to 2 mu m along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction are observed. C1 [Speckmann, M.; Schmidt, Th; Flege, J. I.; Falta, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Flege, J. I.; Sadowski, J. T.; Sutter, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Speckmann, M (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Solid State Phys, Otto Hahn Allee 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM mspeckmann@ifp.uni-bremen.de RI Speckmann, Moritz/H-3097-2011; Flege, Jan Ingo/J-6354-2012; Falta, Jens/F-4821-2016 OI Flege, Jan Ingo/0000-0002-8346-6863; Falta, Jens/0000-0002-4154-822X NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 21 IS 31 AR 314020 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/21/31/314020 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 469FE UT WOS:000267880300021 PM 21828581 ER PT J AU Wang, JB Zuo, XB Yu, P Byeon, IJL Jung, JW Wang, XX Dyba, M Seifert, S Schwieters, CD Qin, J Gronenborn, AM Wang, YX AF Wang, Jinbu Zuo, Xiaobing Yu, Ping Byeon, In-Ja L. Jung, Jinwon Wang, Xiaoxia Dyba, Marzena Seifert, Soenke Schwieters, Charles D. Qin, Jun Gronenborn, Angela M. Wang, Yun-Xing TI Determination of Multicomponent Protein Structures in Solution Using Global Orientation and Shape Restraints SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTEGRIN-LINKED KINASE; RESIDUAL DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; NMR; COMPLEXES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Determining architectures of multicomponent proteins or protein complexes in solution is a challenging problem. Here we report a methodology that simultaneously uses residual dipolar couplings (RDC) and the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) restraints to mutually orient subunits and define the global shape of multicomponent proteins and protein complexes. Our methodology is implemented in an efficient algorithm and demonstrated using five examples. First, we demonstrate the general approach with simulated data for the HIV-1 protease, a globular homodimeric protein. Second, we use experimental data to determine the structures of the two-domain proteins L11 and gamma D-Crystallin, in which the linkers between the domains are relatively rigid. Finally, complexes with K(d) values in the high micro- to millimolar range (weakly associating proteins), such as a homodimeric GB1 variant, and with K(d) values in the nanomolar range (tightly bound), such as the heterodimeric complex of the ILK ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) and PINCH LIM1 domain, respectively, are evaluated. Furthermore, the proteins or protein complexes that were determined using this method exhibit better solution structures than those obtained by either NMR or X-ray crystallography alone as judged based on the pair-distance distribution functions (PDDF) calculated from experimental SAXS data and back-calculated from the structures. C1 [Wang, Jinbu; Zuo, Xiaobing; Yu, Ping; Wang, Yun-Xing] NCI, Prot Nucle Acid Interact Sect, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Yu, Ping; Dyba, Marzena] NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Byeon, In-Ja L.; Jung, Jinwon; Gronenborn, Angela M.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schwieters, Charles D.] NIH, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wang, Xiaoxia; Qin, Jun] Lerner Res Inst, Struct Biol Program, Dept Mol Cardiol, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. [Dyba, Marzena] NCI, Struct Biophys Lab, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), NCI, Prot Nucle Acid Interact Sect, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM wangyu@ncifcrf.gov RI Zuo, Xiaobing/F-1469-2010; Jung, Jinwon/F-6038-2010; Qin, Jun/D-5559-2009; OI Zuo, Xiaobing/0000-0002-0134-4804; Gronenborn, Angela M/0000-0001-9072-3525; Jung, Jinwon/0000-0002-7981-3316 FU NCI of NIH; CIT Intramural Research Program of the NIH; NIH [GM082251, HL58758, GM62823, N01-CO-12400]; National Cancer Institute FX We thank Dr. Xinhua Ji for insightful discussions about the crystallography of weakly associated multisubunit proteins and Dr. David M. Tiede for useful discussion and allowing us using his software for X-ray scattering 2D image processing. This project has been funded in part with federal funds from an intramural grant from the NCI of NIH to Y.X.W., the CIT Intramural Research Program of the NIH to C.D.S., and NIH grants GM082251 and HL58758, GM62823 to A.M.G. and J.Q., respectively. This research was also supported in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institues of health, under under contract N01-CO-12400. This Research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 30 BP 10507 EP 10515 DI 10.1021/ja902528f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 479FF UT WOS:000268644400045 PM 19722627 ER PT J AU Rousseau, R Schenter, GK Fulton, JL Linehan, JC Engelhard, MH Autrey, T AF Rousseau, Roger Schenter, Gregory K. Fulton, John L. Linehan, John C. Engelhard, Mark H. Autrey, Thomas TI Defining Active Catalyst Structure and Reaction Pathways from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics and Operando XAFS: Dehydrogenation of Dimethylaminoborane by Rhodium Clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIA BORANE DEHYDROGENATION; CHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE; N-H COMPOUNDS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; RELEASE; NMR; AMINOBORANES; DIHYDROGEN; COMPLEXES; EFFICIENT AB We present the results of a detailed operando XAFS and density functional theory (DFT)-based ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) investigation of a proposed mechanism of the dehydrogenation of dimethylaminoborane (DMAB) by a homogeneous Rh(4) cluster catalyst. Our AND simulations reveal that previously proposed Rh structures, based on XAFS measurements, are highly fluxional, exhibiting both metal cluster and ligand isomerizations and dissociation that can only be accounted for by examining a finite temperature ensemble. It is found that a fluxional species Rh(4)(H(2)BNMe(2))(8)(2+) is fully compatible with operando XAFS measurements, suggesting that this species may be the observed catalyst resting state. On the basis of this assignment, we propose a mechanism for catalytic DMAB dehydrogenation that exhibits an energy barrier of approximately 28 kcal/mol. C1 [Rousseau, Roger; Schenter, Gregory K.; Fulton, John L.; Linehan, John C.; Autrey, Thomas] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Comp Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Engelhard, Mark H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab EMSL Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rousseau, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Comp Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM roger.rousseau@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Rousseau, Roger/C-3703-2014; Schenter, Gregory/I-7655-2014; OI Schenter, Gregory/0000-0001-5444-5484; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU U.S. DOE by Battelle [DEAC06-76RLO1830]; US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC; University of Washington; Simon Fraser University; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the U.S. DOE by Battelle under contract no. DEAC06-76RLO1830. Computational resources were provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. XPS studies were performed using EMSL. a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at PNNL. PNC/XOR facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the US Department of Energy - Basic Energy Sciences, a major facilities access grant from NSERC, the University of Washington, Simon Fraser University, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and the Advanced Photon Source. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 51 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 30 BP 10516 EP 10524 DI 10.1021/ja901480u PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 479FF UT WOS:000268644400046 PM 19585992 ER PT J AU Joo, J Pietryga, JM McGuire, JA Jeon, SH Williams, DJ Wang, HL Klimov, VI AF Joo, Jin Pietryga, Jeffrey M. McGuire, John A. Jeon, Sea-Ho Williams, Darrick J. Wang, Hsing-Lin Klimov, Victor I. TI A Reduction Pathway in the Synthesis of PbSe Nanocrystal Quantum Dots SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFAST CARRIER DYNAMICS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; EFFICIENCY; CONVERSION; KINETICS AB Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (NODS) of narrow band gap materials are of substantial general interest because of their unparalleled potential as infrared fluorophores. While PbSe NODS are a promising class of infrared-active nanocrystals due to high emission quantum yields and a wide useful spectral range, typical synthetic methods are sensitive to a variety of factors, including the influence of solvent/ligand impurities that render reproducibility difficult. In this work, we specifically examine the effects of diphenylphosphine and 1,2-hexadecanediol, as surrogates for putative trioctylphosphine-based reducing impurities, on the synthesis of PbSe NODS. Specifically, we compare their influence on NOD size, chemical yield, and photoluminescence quantum yield. While both additives substantially increase the chemical yield of the synthesis, they demonstrate markedly different effects on emission quantum yield of the product NODS. We further examine the effects of reaction temperature and oleic acid concentration on the diol-assisted synthesis. Increased oleic acid concentration led to somewhat higher growth rates and larger NODS but at the expense of lower chemical yield. Temperature was found to have an even greater effect on growth rate and NOD size. Neither temperature nor oleic acid concentration was found to have noticeable effects on NOD emission quantum yield. Finally, we use numerical simulations to support the conjecture that the increased yield is likely a result of faster monomer formation, consistent with the activation of an additional reaction pathway by the reducing species. C1 [Joo, Jin; Pietryga, Jeffrey M.; McGuire, John A.; Jeon, Sea-Ho; Wang, Hsing-Lin; Klimov, Victor I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Williams, Darrick J.; Klimov, Victor I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM klimov@lanl.gov RI McGuire, John/C-3380-2015; OI McGuire, John/0000-0002-0682-0953; Klimov, Victor/0000-0003-1158-3179 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Biosciences, and Geosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. V.I.K. acknowledges the support of the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences Nanoscale Science Research Center. NR 45 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 5 PY 2009 VL 131 IS 30 BP 10620 EP 10628 DI 10.1021/ja903445f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 479FF UT WOS:000268644400059 PM 19569687 ER PT J AU Partamies, N Pulkkinen, TI McPherron, RL McWilliams, K Bryant, CR Tanskanen, E Singer, HJ Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF AF Partamies, N. Pulkkinen, T. I. McPherron, R. L. McWilliams, K. Bryant, C. R. Tanskanen, E. Singer, H. J. Reeves, G. D. Thomsen, M. F. TI Statistical survey on sawtooth events, SMCs and isolated substorms SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE M-I coupling; Substorm; Steady magnetospheric convection; Sawtooth event ID HIGH-LATITUDE CONVECTION; SOLAR-WIND; IONOSPHERE; FIELD AB Solar wind driving can cause a variety of different responses in the magnetosphere. Strong and steady driving during geomagnetic storms may result in sawtooth events. Strong to moderate driving may be followed by either sawtooth events or steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events. Lower solar wind energy input typically leads to the formation of isolated non-storm substorms. This study uses superposed epoch analysis to reveal the typical properties of these three event groups as well as their similarities and differences. We use IMF and solar wind parameters, as well as ground-based indices (AL, SYM-H, ASY-H, PCN) to examine the level of solar wind driving and its response in the magnetosphere. Our results show that sawtooth events are associated with the strongest ionospheric activity. The subgroups of events during constant solar wind E-gamma show that the key difference between the events is the average solar wind speed. Particularly, the high activity during sawtooth events is driven by high solar wind speed, while the lowest average speed during the SMCs may explain the lack of substorm activity during the steady convection periods. (C) 2009 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Partamies, N.; Pulkkinen, T. I.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [McPherron, R. L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [McWilliams, K.; Bryant, C. R.] Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. [Tanskanen, E.] Univ Bergen, Dept Phys & Technol, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Reeves, G. D.; Thomsen, M. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Partamies, N (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM noora.partamies@fmi.fi RI Pulkkinen, Tuija/D-8403-2012; Partamies, Noora/G-3408-2014; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Pulkkinen, Tuija/0000-0002-6317-381X; Partamies, Noora/0000-0003-2536-9341; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 EI 1879-1948 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 44 IS 3 BP 376 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.013 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 475LO UT WOS:000268360900011 ER PT J AU Holman, HYN Wozei, E Lin, Z Comolli, LR Ball, DA Borglin, S Fields, MW Hazen, TC Downing, KH AF Holman, Hoi-Ying N. Wozei, Eleanor Lin, Zhang Comolli, Luis R. Ball, David A. Borglin, Sharon Fields, Matthew W. Hazen, Terry C. Downing, Kenneth H. TI Real-time molecular monitoring of chemical environment in obligate anaerobes during oxygen adaptive response SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Desulfovibrio; hydrogen bond; synchrotron FTIR spectromicroscopy; oxygen stress; cellular water ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; DESULFOVIBRIO-VULGARIS HILDENBOROUGH; AQUEOUS CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; WATER CLUSTERS; DESULFOBULBUS-PROPIONICUS; SULFIDE OXIDATION; MICROBIAL MAT; ION AB Determining the transient chemical properties of the intracellular environment can elucidate the paths through which a biological system adapts to changes in its environment, for example, the mechanisms that enable some obligate anaerobic bacteria to survive a sudden exposure to oxygen. Here we used high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy to continuously follow cellular chemistry within living obligate anaerobes by monitoring hydrogen bond structures in their cellular water. We observed a sequence of well orchestrated molecular events that correspond to changes in cellular processes in those cells that survive, but only accumulation of radicals in those that do not. We thereby can interpret the adaptive response in terms of transient intracellular chemistry and link it to oxygen stress and survival. This ability to monitor chemical changes at the molecular level can yield important insights into a wide range of adaptive responses. C1 [Holman, Hoi-Ying N.; Borglin, Sharon; Fields, Matthew W.; Hazen, Terry C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hyholman@lbl.gov RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014; Borglin, Sharon/I-1013-2016; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research's Structural Biology Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Dr. K. McDonald and Ms. R. Zalpuri at the Robert D. Ogg Electron Microscope Lab, UC Berkeley, and Dr. Z. Lee at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, for technical assistance; Ms. D. Joyner for technical assistance; Drs. H. Bechtel, Z. Hao, J. Jansson, C. Jansson, M. C. Martin, W. McKinney and J. Zhou for discussion and comments on this work and the manuscript. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research's Structural Biology Program, and Genomics: GTL Program through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 14 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 31 BP 12599 EP 12604 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902070106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 479NT UT WOS:000268667600010 PM 19541631 ER PT J AU Wang, Q Navarro, MVAS Peng, G Molinelli, E Goh, SL Judson, BL Rajashankar, KR Sondermann, H AF Wang, Qi Navarro, Marcos V. A. S. Peng, Gary Molinelli, Evan Goh, Shih Lin Judson, Bret L. Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R. Sondermann, Holger TI Molecular mechanism of membrane constriction and tubulation mediated by the F-BAR protein Pacsin/Syndapin SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE endocytosis; membrane trafficking; protein structure ID SYNDAPIN-I; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; CURVATURE; ENDOCYTOSIS; DOMAIN; DYNAMIN; ENDOPHILIN; INVAGINATION; AMPHIPHYSIN AB Peripheral membrane proteins of the Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) and Fer-CIP4 homology-BAR (F-BAR) family participate in cellular membrane trafficking and have been shown to generate membrane tubules. The degree of membrane bending appears to be encoded in the structure and immanent curvature of the particular protein domains, with BAR and F-BAR domains inducing high-and low-curvature tubules, respectively. In addition, oligomerization and the formation of ordered arrays influences tubule stabilization. Here, the F-BAR domain-containing protein Pacsin was found to possess a unique activity, creating small tubules and tubule constrictions, in addition to the wide tubules characteristic for this subfamily. Based on crystal structures of the F-BAR domain of Pacsin and mutagenesis studies, vesiculation could be linked to the presence of unique structural features distinguishing it from other F-BAR proteins. Tubulation was suppressed in the context of the full-length protein, suggesting that Pacsin is autoinhibited in solution. The regulated deformation of membranes and promotion of tubule constrictions by Pacsin suggests a more versatile function of these proteins in vesiculation and endocytosis beyond their role as scaffold proteins. C1 [Wang, Qi; Navarro, Marcos V. A. S.; Peng, Gary; Molinelli, Evan; Goh, Shih Lin; Sondermann, Holger] Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Med, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Judson, Bret L.] Cornell Univ, Weill Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R.] Argonne Natl Lab, NE Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sondermann, H (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mol Med, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM hs293@cornell.edu RI Wang, Qi/H-9399-2012; Navarro, Marcos/C-9141-2013 OI Wang, Qi/0000-0002-9703-1676; FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR001646, P41 RR015301, RR-01646, RR-15301]; NIBIB NIH HHS [P30 EB009998]; NIGMS NIH HHS [DMR0225180] NR 31 TC 101 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 15 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 31 BP 12700 EP 12705 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902974106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 479NT UT WOS:000268667600027 PM 19549836 ER PT J AU Hartman, NC Nye, JA Groves, JT AF Hartman, Nina C. Nye, Jeffrey A. Groves, Jay T. TI Cluster size regulates protein sorting in the immunological synapse SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE actin; mechanobiology; membrane; transport; receptor ID T-CELL-RECEPTOR; SUPRAMOLECULAR ACTIVATION CLUSTER; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; PATTERN-FORMATION; LIPID-BILAYERS; MICROCLUSTERS; ACTIN; IDENTIFICATION; COSTIMULATION; TRANSLOCATION AB During antigen recognition by T cells, signaling molecules on the T cell engage ligands on the antigen-presenting cell and organize into spatially distinctive patterns. These are collectively known as the immunological synapse (IS). Causal relationships between large-scale spatial organization and signal transduction have previously been established. Although it is known that receptor transport during IS formation is driven by actin polymerization, the mechanisms by which different proteins become spatially sorted remain unclear. These sorting processes contribute a facet of signal regulation; thus their elucidation is important for ultimately understanding signal transduction through the T cell receptor. Here we investigate protein cluster size as a sorting mechanism using the hybrid live T cell-supported membrane system. The clustering state of the co-stimulatory molecule lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is modulated, either by direct antibody crosslinking or by crosslinking its intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ligand on the supported bilayer. In a mature IS, native LFA-1 generally localizes into a peripheral ring surrounding a central T cell receptor cluster. Higher degrees of LFA-1 clustering, induced by either method, result in progressively more central localization, with the most clustered species fully relocated to the central zone. These results demonstrate that cluster size directly influences protein spatial positioning in the T cell IS. We discuss a sorting mechanism, based on frictional coupling to the actin cytoskeleton, that is consistent with these observations and is, in principle, extendable to all cell surface proteins in the synapse. C1 [Hartman, Nina C.; Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nye, Jeffrey A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Groves, Jay T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Groves, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jtgroves@lbl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. Patterned substrates were made by B. L. Jackson and R. Petit in the University of California, Berkeley, Microlab and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Molecular Foundry. The authors thank M. B. Forstner, M. Davis, B. Lillemeier, Boryana Manz, J. P. Hickey, A. Smoligovets, E. Liu, L. Mahadevan, R. Varma, T. Starr, and M. L. Dustin for helpful discussions, reagents, and technical help. NR 33 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 31 BP 12729 EP 12734 DI 10.1073/pnas.0902621106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 479NT UT WOS:000268667600032 PM 19622735 ER PT J AU Leland, S Nagarajan, P Polyzos, A Thomas, S Samaan, G Donnell, R Marchetti, F Venkatachalam, S AF Leland, Shawn Nagarajan, Prabakaran Polyzos, Aris Thomas, Sharon Samaan, George Donnell, Robert Marchetti, Francesco Venkatachalam, Sundaresan TI Heterozygosity for a Bub1 mutation causes female-specific germ cell aneuploidy in mice SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fertility; maternal age; meiosis; oogenesis; spindle assembly checkpoint ID SPINDLE-ASSEMBLY CHECKPOINT; SISTER-CHROMATID COHESION; MOUSE OOCYTES; MAMMALIAN OOCYTES; METAPHASE-II; MEIOSIS-I; CHROMOSOME MISSEGREGATION; KINETOCHORE LOCALIZATION; CENTROMERIC COHESION; MITOTIC SPINDLE AB Aneuploidy, the most common chromosomal abnormality at birth and the main ascertained cause of pregnancy loss in humans, originates primarily from chromosome segregation errors during oogenesis. Here, we report that heterozygosity for a mutation in the mitotic checkpoint kinase gene, Bub1, induces aneuploidy in female germ cells of mice and that the effect increases with advancing maternal age. Analysis of Bub1 heterozygous oocytes showed that aneuploidy occurred primarily during the first meiotic division and involved premature sister chromatid separation. Furthermore, aneuploidy was inherited in zygotes and resulted in the loss of embryos after implantation. The incidence of aneuploidy in zygotes was sufficient to explain the reduced litter size in matings with Bub1 heterozygous females. No effects were seen in germ cells from heterozygous males. These findings show that Bub1 dysfunction is linked to inherited aneuploidy in female germ cells and may contribute to the maternal age-related increase in aneuploidy and pregnancy C1 [Polyzos, Aris; Marchetti, Francesco] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leland, Shawn; Nagarajan, Prabakaran; Thomas, Sharon; Samaan, George; Venkatachalam, Sundaresan] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Donnell, Robert] Univ Tennessee, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Marchetti, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, MS977R250,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fmarchetti@lbl.gov; sundar@utk.edu OI Marchetti, Francesco/0000-0002-9435-4867; Donnell, Robert L./0000-0002-6778-954X FU University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02 05CH11231] FX We thank Drs. Bruce McKee, MaryAnn Handel, Andrew Wyrobek, and John Mailhes for comments. Work performed in part under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02 05CH11231. S. V. was supported by the University of Tennessee start-up funds. NR 51 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 31 BP 12776 EP 12781 DI 10.1073/pnas.0903075106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 479NT UT WOS:000268667600040 PM 19617567 ER PT J AU Wu, GA Jun, SR Sims, GE Kim, SH AF Wu, Guohong Albert Jun, Se-Ran Sims, Gregory E. Kim, Sung-Hou TI Whole-proteome phylogeny of large dsDNA virus families by an alignment-free method SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alignment-free genome comparison; feature frequency profile; horizontal gene transfer; whole-genome phylogeny; virus phylogeny ID LARGE DNA VIRUSES; GENOME SEQUENCE; GENE GAIN; EVOLUTION; INFORMATION; POXVIRUSES; CLASSIFICATION; CORONAVIRUS; CONFIDENCE; MIMIVIRUS AB The vast sequence divergence among different virus groups has presented a great challenge to alignment-based sequence comparison among different virus families. Using an alignment-free comparison method, we construct the whole-proteome phylogeny for a population of viruses from 11 viral families comprising 142 large dsDNA eukaryote viruses. The method is based on the feature frequency profiles (FFP), where the length of the feature (l-mer) is selected to be optimal for phylogenomic inference. We observe that (i) the FFP phylogeny segregates the population into clades, the membership of each has remarkable agreement with current classification by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses, with one exception that the mimivirus joins the phycodnavirus family; (ii) the FFP tree detects potential evolutionary relationships among some viral families; (iii) the relative position of the 3 herpesvirus subfamilies in the FFP tree differs from gene alignment-based analysis; (iv) the FFP tree suggests the taxonomic positions of certain 'unclassified'' viruses; and (v) the FFP method identifies candidates for horizontal gene transfer between virus families. C1 [Wu, Guohong Albert; Jun, Se-Ran; Sims, Gregory E.; Kim, Sung-Hou] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wu, Guohong Albert; Sims, Gregory E.; Kim, Sung-Hou] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM shkim@cchem.berkeley.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM62412]; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-2008-000-10086-0] FX We thank Drs. B. Glausinger, L. Volkman, and M. Strand for their expert advice. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM62412 and Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology World Class University Project Grant R31-2008-000-10086-0. NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 4 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 31 BP 12826 EP 12831 DI 10.1073/pnas.0905115106 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 479NT UT WOS:000268667600049 PM 19553209 ER PT J AU Bar, M Repins, I Contreras, MA Weinhardt, L Noufi, R Heske, C AF Baer, M. Repins, I. Contreras, M. A. Weinhardt, L. Noufi, R. Heske, C. TI Chemical and electronic surface structure of 20%-efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin film solar cell absorbers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE conduction bands; copper compounds; energy gap; Fermi level; indium compounds; photoelectron spectra; semiconductor thin films; solar cells; surface structure; ternary semiconductors; thin film devices ID BAND ALIGNMENT; HETEROJUNCTION; CHALCOPYRITE; EFFICIENCY; INTERFACE; CUINSE2 AB The chemical and electronic surface structure of 20%-efficient Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin film solar cell absorbers was investigated as a function of deposition process termination (i.e., ending the growth process in absence of either Ga or In). In addition to the expected In (Ga) enrichment, direct and inverse photoemission reveal a decreased Cu surface content and a larger surface band gap for the "In-terminated" absorber. C1 [Baer, M.; Heske, C.] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Baer, M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Repins, I.; Contreras, M. A.; Noufi, R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Weinhardt, L.] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Bar, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, 4505 Maryland Pkwy,POB 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM marcus.baer@helmholtz-berlin.de; heske@unlv.nevada.edu RI Weinhardt, Lothar/G-1689-2013 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [XXL-5-44205-12] FX We acknowledge funding by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Subcontract No. XXL-5-44205-12. NR 17 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 AR 052106 DI 10.1063/1.3194153 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 481KQ UT WOS:000268809400039 ER PT J AU Chen, SY Yin, WJ Yang, JH Gong, XG Walsh, A Wei, SH AF Chen, Shiyou Yin, Wan-Jian Yang, Ji-Hui Gong, X. G. Walsh, Aron Wei, Su-Huai TI Quaternary semiconductors with positive crystal field splitting: Potential high-efficiency spin-polarized electron sources SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; aluminium compounds; cadmium compounds; copper compounds; crystal field interactions; electron spin polarisation; gallium arsenide; germanium compounds; ground states; II-VI semiconductors; silicon compounds; space groups; ternary semiconductors; tin compounds; valence bands; zinc compounds ID PHOTOEMISSION; ALLOYS; STRAIN AB Traditional high efficiency spin-polarized electron sources (SPES) consist mainly of binary or pseudobinary zinc-blende GaAs based materials, whereas their ternary analogs II-IV-V-2 (II=Zn, Cd, IV=Si, Ge, Sn, and V=As) as well as II-VI ternary analogs I-III-VI2 (I=Cu, Ag, III=Al, Ga, In, and VI=Se) have not drawn wide attention because their crystal field splitting Delta(CF) near the valence band maximum is either negative or close to zero in their ground state chalcopyrite structure. Using first-principles calculations, we show that some derivative quaternary I-III-II2-VI4 and II-IV-III2-V-4 compounds can have coherent ground state stannite or kesterite structures with large and positive Delta(CF) due to their increased chemical and structural flexibility. We propose that ZnSiAl2As4 and CdGeAl2As4 in the stannite structure, and ZnSnGa2As4 and CuAlCd2Se4 in the kesterite structure could be good candidate SPES materials with high polarization and quantum efficiency. C1 [Chen, Shiyou; Yin, Wan-Jian; Yang, Ji-Hui; Gong, X. G.] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, MOE Key Lab Computat Phys Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Chen, Shiyou; Yin, Wan-Jian; Yang, Ji-Hui; Gong, X. G.] Fudan Univ, Surface Sci Lab, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Walsh, Aron; Wei, Su-Huai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chen, SY (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, MOE Key Lab Computat Phys Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM chensy@fudan.edu.cn RI Walsh, Aron/A-7843-2008; gong, xingao /B-1337-2010; Yin, Wanjian/F-6738-2013; gong, xingao/D-6532-2011 OI Walsh, Aron/0000-0001-5460-7033; FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36- 08GO28308] FX The work in Fudan is partially supported by the National Sciences Foundation of China, the Basic Research Program of MOE and Shanghai, and the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research. Computations were performed in the Supercomputer Center of FU and CCS. The work at NREL is funded by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36- 08GO28308. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 AR 052102 DI 10.1063/1.3193662 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 481KQ UT WOS:000268809400035 ER PT J AU Kuchibhatla, SVNT Hu, SY Yu, ZQ Shutthanandan, V Li, YL Nachimuthu, P Jiang, W Thevuthasan, S Henager, CH Sundaram, SK AF Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana V. N. T. Hu, S. Y. Yu, Z. Q. Shutthanandan, V. Li, Y. L. Nachimuthu, P. Jiang, W. Thevuthasan, S. Henager, C. H., Jr. Sundaram, S. K. TI Morphology, orientation relationship, and stability analysis of Cu2O nanoclusters on SrTiO3 (100) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; chemical potential; copper compounds; nanostructured materials; nanotechnology; nucleation; reflection high energy electron diffraction; semiconductor growth; semiconductor materials; strontium compounds; surface energy ID GROWTH; FILMS AB Reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and theoretical studies based on classical nucleation theory have been used to interpret the morphology, orientation relationship, and stability of Cu2O nanoclusters on SrTiO3 (100) (STO). We propose that the competing interfacial and elastic energies facilitate an in-plane rotation of the Cu2O clusters by 45 degrees with respect to the STO substrate and stabilize Cu2O clusters on STO(100) with an orientation relationship of (001)(Cu2)O//(001)(SrTiO3) and << 100 >> O-Cu2//<< 110 >>(SrTiO3). Our preliminary theoretical analysis also suggests that this particular orientation results in smaller critical nucleus sizes and lower nucleation barriers and also indicates a chemical potential (growth rate) dependence of the orientation relationship. C1 [Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana V. N. T.; Shutthanandan, V.; Nachimuthu, P.; Thevuthasan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Yu, Z. Q.] Nanjing Normal Univ, Dept Chem, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. RP Kuchibhatla, SVNT (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM satya@pnl.gov; theva@pnl.gov OI HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082; Jiang, Weilin/0000-0001-8302-8313; Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; PNNL [NA-22] FX A portion of this research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. This work was funded at PNNL by the Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22). Help from Dr. A. S. Lea and T. C. Droubay in analyzing the AFM and RHEED data, respectively, is appreciated. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 AR 053111 DI 10.1063/1.3193530 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 481KQ UT WOS:000268809400075 ER PT J AU Ma, QL Wang, SG Zhang, J Wang, Y Ward, RCC Wang, C Kohn, A Zhang, XG Han, XF AF Ma, Q. L. Wang, S. G. Zhang, J. Wang, Yan Ward, R. C. C. Wang, C. Kohn, A. Zhang, X. -G. Han, X. F. TI Temperature dependence of resistance in epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE epitaxial layers; iron; magnesium compounds; magnetic tunnelling ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; LARGE MAGNETORESISTANCE; THIN-FILM; INTERFACE; BARRIERS AB The temperature dependence of resistance in parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) configurations (R-P,R-AP) has been investigated in epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe junctions with varying MgO barrier thicknesses t(MgO). R-AP exhibits a substantial decrease with increasing temperature for samples with t(MgO) ranging from 3.0 to 1.5 nm. In contrast, R-P is approximately temperature independent when t(MgO)=3.0 nm and increases with temperature when t(MgO)=2.1 and 1.5 nm. Possible origins of this temperature dependence of resistance, which include taking into account a spin independent term and consideration of spin-flip scattering, are discussed. We attribute the temperature dependence of R-P,R-AP to the misalignment of magnetic moments in the electrodes due to thermal excitations and its effect on the spin dependent tunneling. C1 [Ma, Q. L.; Wang, S. G.; Zhang, J.; Wang, Yan; Han, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Wang, S. G.; Ward, R. C. C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Wang, C.; Kohn, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. [Zhang, X. -G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, X. -G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, SG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM sgwang@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wang, Yan/G-8061-2011; Kohn, Amit/F-1559-2012; Wang, Shouguo/C-3078-2014; Wang, Shouguo/D-5710-2016; wang, chao/E-2983-2016; Zhang, Jia/A-7494-2016; Ma, Qinli/H-2508-2011 OI Wang, Yan/0000-0002-8648-2172; Wang, Shouguo/0000-0001-6130-7071; Wang, Shouguo/0000-0002-4488-2645; FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB929203]; State Key Project of Fundamental Research of Ministry of Science and Technology [2006CB932200]; National Natural Science Foundation [10874225, 50721001, 60871048]; NSFC-the Royal Society (U.K.); NSFC-Australia DEST; K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of U. K. FX The project is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB929203) and the State Key Project of Fundamental Research of Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2006CB932200) and National Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 10874225, 50721001, and 60871048). Partial support is from the joint projects of NSFC-the Royal Society (U.K.), NSFC-Australia DEST, and K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong. S. G. W. is grateful to the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of U. K. for financial support. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 AR 052506 DI 10.1063/1.3194150 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 481KQ UT WOS:000268809400051 ER PT J AU Nie, ZH Ren, Y Terai, T Wang, YD Brown, DE Kakeshita, T AF Nie, Z. H. Ren, Y. Terai, T. Wang, Y. D. Brown, D. E. Kakeshita, T. TI Evidence for preferential rearrangements of martensite variants by magnetic field in antiferromagnetic CoO crystal SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; cobalt compounds; crystallography; magnetic moments; magnetisation; martensitic structure; Neel temperature; shape memory effects; texture; X-ray diffraction ID INDUCED STRAIN; NICKEL-OXIDE; TOPOGRAPHY; DOMAINS; MOTION; PHASE AB The synchrotron high-energy x-ray diffraction provides the direct crystallographic evidence for the magnetic-field-driven preferential rearrangements of martensite multivariants in antiferromagnetic CoO crystal. When a magnetic field was incrementally applied up to 6 T on the CoO single crystal cooled below the Neacuteel temperature, the martensite variants with the magnetization easy-axis parallel to the magnetic field direction (H) were consumed, while the variants with magnetic moments perpendicular to H were enhanced. The microscopic origin for the observation is discussed, which provides important information for understanding the magnetic-field-driven strain observed in the antiferromagnetic alloys, with a selection principle on martensite variants different from that found in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. C1 [Nie, Z. H.; Wang, Y. D.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Nie, Z. H.] Northeastern Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Terai, T.; Kakeshita, T.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Brown, D. E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@mail.neu.edu.cn RI Nie, Zhihua/G-9459-2013; ran, shi/G-9380-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 OI Nie, Zhihua/0000-0002-2533-933X; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50725102, 50531020]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; U. S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50725102 and 50531020) and The Global COE Program from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 AR 051914 DI 10.1063/1.3195730 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 481KQ UT WOS:000268809400026 ER PT J AU Si, WD Lin, ZW Jie, Q Yin, WG Zhou, J Gu, GD Johnson, PD Li, Q AF Si, Weidong Lin, Zhi-Wei Jie, Qing Yin, Wei-Guo Zhou, Juan Gu, Genda Johnson, P. D. Li, Qiang TI Enhanced superconducting transition temperature in FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE iron compounds; lattice constants; magnetoresistance; pulsed laser deposition; superconducting critical field; superconducting thin films; superconducting transition temperature; transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction AB We report magnetoresistive and structural measurements of superconducting FeSe0.5Te0.5 epitaxial thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Enhanced onset superconducting transition temperature (similar to 17 K) is observed in some of these films. Structural analysis by x-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that these films generally have significantly shorter out-of-plane lattice constant c than the bulk value, suggesting that the out-of-plane changes have a dominating impact on the superconducting transition in iron-based superconductors. Our data also indicate that the upper critical field H-c2(0) of those films may reach as high as 50 T. C1 [Si, Weidong; Lin, Zhi-Wei; Jie, Qing; Yin, Wei-Guo; Zhou, Juan; Gu, Genda; Johnson, P. D.; Li, Qiang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Si, WD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wds@bnl.gov; qiangli@bnl.gov RI Jie, Qing/H-3780-2011; Jie, Qing/N-8673-2013; Yin, Weiguo/A-9671-2014 OI Yin, Weiguo/0000-0002-4965-5329 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors thank Dr. D. Nykypanchuk, Dr. V. Solovyov, Dr. L. Wu, and Dr. V. Vokov for their technical assistance. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 23 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 95 IS 5 AR 052504 DI 10.1063/1.3195076 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 481KQ UT WOS:000268809400049 ER PT J AU Salinero, KK Keller, K Feil, WS Feil, H Trong, S Di Bartolo, G Lapidus, A AF Salinero, Kennan Kellaris Keller, Keith Feil, William S. Feil, Helene Trong, Stephan Di Bartolo, Genevieve Lapidus, Alla TI Metabolic analysis of the soil microbe Dechloromonas aromatica str. RCB: indications of a surprisingly complex life-style and cryptic anaerobic pathways for aromatic degradation SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID COMAMONAS-TESTOSTERONI TA441; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; DENITRIFYING BACTERIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STRAIN EBN1; PROTEIN SECRETION; NITRIC-OXIDE; RHODOBACTER-CAPSULATUS; GENE-CLUSTER; BENZYLSUCCINATE SYNTHASE AB Background: Initial interest in Dechloromonas aromatica strain RCB arose from its ability to anaerobically degrade benzene. It is also able to reduce perchlorate and oxidize chlorobenzoate, toluene, and xylene, creating interest in using this organism for bioremediation. Little physiological data has been published for this microbe. It is considered to be a free-living organism. Results: The a priori prediction that the D. aromatica genome would contain previously characterized "central" enzymes to support anaerobic aromatic degradation of benzene proved to be false, suggesting the presence of novel anaerobic aromatic degradation pathways in this species. These missing pathways include the benzylsuccinate synthase (bssABC) genes ( responsible for fumarate addition to toluene) and the central benzoyl-CoA pathway for monoaromatics. In depth analyses using existing TIGRfam, COG, and InterPro models, and the creation of de novo HMM models, indicate a highly complex lifestyle with a large number of environmental sensors and signaling pathways, including a relatively large number of GGDEF domain signal receptors and multiple quorum sensors. A number of proteins indicate interactions with an as yet unknown host, as indicated by the presence of predicted cell host remodeling enzymes, effector enzymes, hemolysin-like proteins, adhesins, NO reductase, and both type III and type VI secretory complexes. Evidence of biofilm formation including a proposed exopolysaccharide complex and exosortase (epsH) are also present. Annotation described in this paper also reveals evidence for several metabolic pathways that have yet to be observed experimentally, including a sulphur oxidation (soxFCDYZAXB) gene cluster, Calvin cycle enzymes, and proteins involved in nitrogen fixation in other species ( including RubisCo, ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase, and nif gene families, respectively). Conclusion: Analysis of the D. aromatica genome indicates there is much to be learned regarding the metabolic capabilities, and life-style, for this microbial species. Examples of recent gene duplication events in signaling as well as dioxygenase clusters are present, indicating selective gene family expansion as a relatively recent event in D. aromatica's evolutionary history. Gene families that constitute metabolic cycles presumed to create D. aromatica's environmental 'foot-print' indicate a high level of diversification between its predicted capabilities and those of its close relatives, A. aromaticum str EbN1 and Azoarcus BH72. C1 [Salinero, Kennan Kellaris; Feil, William S.; Feil, Helene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keller, Keith] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Phys Biosci Div, Albany, CA 94710 USA. [Trong, Stephan; Di Bartolo, Genevieve; Lapidus, Alla] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Genom Div, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Salinero, Kennan Kellaris] Yamana Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Feil, William S.; Feil, Helene] Land Urban Wildlife, Concord, CA 94527 USA. [Di Bartolo, Genevieve] Boards N More, Brentwood, CA 94513 USA. RP Salinero, KK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kellarkv@nature.berkeley.edu; kkeller@lbl.gov; bhfeil@nature.berkeley.edu; bhfeil@nature.berkeley.edu; trong1@llnl.gov; gen.dibartolo@gmail.com; ALapidus@lbl.gov RI Lapidus, Alla/I-4348-2013 OI Lapidus, Alla/0000-0003-0427-8731 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science; University of California, Lawrence Liver-more National Laborator [W-7405-Eng-48]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG36] FX KKS sincerely thanks Tanja Woyke for her very helpful suggestions and direction for creation of the tables and figures, Patrick Chain for helpful suggestions on the manuscript, Dan Kirshner for technical help on computational work, Nandini Krishnamurthy for building an internally clustered data-set of D. aromatica proteins as well as help with computational tools, Ching Shang for ideas regarding biochemical pathways, Paul Richardson for general support during the finishing phase and Frank W. Larimer for a cogent and extremely helpful critique of the manuscript. The genome finishing portion of this study was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Liver-more National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-ENG36. The majority of the annotation was done as an independent project by KKS. Considerable intellectual support, computational and data analysis tools were provided by Adam Arkin, Katherine Huang, Morgan Price, Eric Alm, Dan Kirshner, and Kimmen Sjlander-sufficient gratitude cannot be expressed for their generous help. NR 96 TC 46 Z9 497 U1 10 U2 59 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA CURRENT SCIENCE GROUP, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 10 AR 351 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-10-351 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 490OJ UT WOS:000269510100001 PM 19650930 ER PT J AU Milsmann, C Patra, GK Bill, E Weyhermuller, T George, SD Wieghardt, K AF Milsmann, Carsten Patra, Goutam Kumar Bill, Eckhard Weyhermueller, Thomas George, Serena DeBeer Wieghardt, Karl TI Octahedral Monodithiolene Complexes of Iron: Characterization of S,S '-Coordinated Dithiolate(1-) pi Radical Monoanions: A Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theoretical Investigation SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; APPROXIMATE COULOMB POTENTIALS; TRANSITION-METAL-COMPLEXES; PLANAR NICKEL-COMPLEXES; CORRELATED AB-INITIO; AUXILIARY BASIS-SETS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; K-EDGE; SQUARE-PLANAR AB The reaction of cis-[Fe-III(cyclam)Cl-2]Cl with 1 equiv of sodium N-diethyldithiocarbamate, toluene-3,4-dithiolate, and maleonitriledithiolate in methanol in the presence of triethylamine afforded the cations [Fe-III(cyclam)(Et(2)dtc)](2+) (1), [Fe-III(cyclam)(tdt)](+) (2), and [Fe-III(cyclam)(mnt)](+) (3), which were isolated as triflate, hexafluorophosphate, and tetrafluoroborate salt, respectively, using sodium triflate, potassium hexafluorophosphate, or sodium tetrafluoroborate as the source for the counteranion. Complexes 1, 2, and 3 possess an S = 1/2 ground state (low-spin ferric d(5)). These salts were characterized by X-ray crystallography, UV-vis, Mossbauer, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that 2 and 3 are reversibly one-electron-reduced, generating neutral 2(red) and 3(red) respectively, and one-electron-oxidized, generating dicationic 2(ox) and 3(ox), respectively. Fe and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that 2 (S = 1/2) and 2(ox) (S = 0) possess a low-spin ferric ion. Complexes 2 and 3 are S,S'-coordinated to a closed-shell dithiolate(2-) ligand, whereas 2(ox) and 3(ox) consist of a low-spin ferric ion antiferromagnetically coupled to a dithiolate(1-) pi radical ligand. They are singlet diradicals [Fe-III(cyclam)(dithiolate(center dot))](2+). The analysis of the sulfur K pre-edge transitions reveals significant multiplet effects in the spectra of 2 and 2(ox), which provide rare experimental evidence for a singlet diradical description for 2(ox). Mossbauer spectroscopy on frozen solutions of 2(red) clearly show the presence of a high-spin ferrous ion (S = 2). The experimentally established electronic structures of the three members of the electron transfer series [Fe(cyclam) (dithiolate)](2+,+,0) have been verified by broken symmetry density functional theoretical calculations, which have been calibrated against the experiment by calculating XAS and Mossbauer spectra. C1 [Milsmann, Carsten; Bill, Eckhard; Weyhermueller, Thomas; Wieghardt, Karl] Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. [Patra, Goutam Kumar] Jadavpur Univ, Dept Chem, Vijoygarh Jyotish Ray Coll, Kolkata 700032, India. [George, Serena DeBeer] Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wieghardt, K (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Bioanorgan Chem, Stiftstr 34-36, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. EM wieghardt@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Weyhermuller, Thomas/G-6730-2012; Wieghardt, Karl/B-4179-2014 OI Weyhermuller, Thomas/0000-0002-0399-7999; FU Department of Science and Technology, Government of India [SR/BY/C-1G/05]; National Institutes of Health [5 P41 RR001209]; National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX We thank Prof. Frank Neese for helpful discussions about the DFT calculations and Dr. Stephen Sproules for assistance with XAS data collection. C.M. gratefully acknowledges the Max-Planck Society for a stipend. G.K.P. gratefully acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for giving him a BOYSCAST fellowship (SR/BY/C-1G/05). The Structural Molecular Biology program is supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant 5 P41 RR001209), National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program, and by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 75 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 15 BP 7430 EP 7445 DI 10.1021/ic900936p PG 16 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 473AG UT WOS:000268174800053 PM 19572498 ER PT J AU Juzeniene, A Setlow, R Porojnicu, A Steindal, AH Moan, J AF Juzeniene, Asta Setlow, Richard Porojnicu, Alina Steindal, Arnfinn Hykkerud Moan, Johan TI Development of different human skin colors: A review highlighting photobiological and photobiophysical aspects SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Skin color; Solar radiation; Vitamin D; Skin cancer; Folates degradation ID SEXUAL SELECTION HYPOTHESIS; GENE-CULTURE COEVOLUTION; VITAMIN-D INSUFFICIENCY; HUMAN-EVOLUTION; POSITIVE SELECTION; HUMAN PIGMENTATION; BREAST-CANCER; FOLIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CUTANEOUS MELANOMA AB Skin color has changed during human evolution. These changes may result from adaptations to solar ultraviolet radiation (protection of sweat glands, sunburn, skin cancer, vitamin D deficiency, defence against microorganisms, etc.), and/or sexual selection. Migration to areas with high levels of UV is associated with skin darkening, while migration to areas with low levels has led to skin lightening. However, other factors may have played roles. Temperature and food have probably been secondary determinants: heat exchange with the environment is dependent on ambient temperature, and a high intake of food rich in vitamin D allows a dark skin color to persist even at latitudes of low UV levels, as exemplified by Inuit's living at high latitudes. Future studies of human migration will show if skin lightening is a faster process and has a higher evolutionary impact than skin darkening. Maybe due to that some American Indians have kept a relatively light skin although they live under the equator. The following hypotheses for skin darkening are reviewed: shielding of sweat glands and blood vessels in the skin, protection against skin cancer and overproduction of vitamin D, camouflage, adaptation to different ambient temperatures, defense against microorganisms, protection against folate photodestruction. Hypotheses for skin lightening are: sexual selection, adaptation to cold climates, enhancement of vitamin D photoproduction, and changing food habits leading to lower intake of vitamin D. The genetical processes behind some of the changes of skin color will be also briefly reviewed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Juzeniene, Asta; Steindal, Arnfinn Hykkerud; Moan, Johan] Norwegian Radium Hosp, Oslo Univ Hosp, Inst Canc Res, Dept Radiat Biol, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. [Setlow, Richard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Porojnicu, Alina; Steindal, Arnfinn Hykkerud] Univ Tromso, Dept Chem, Ctr Theoret & Computat Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Moan, Johan] Univ Oslo, Inst Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. RP Juzeniene, A (reprint author), Norwegian Radium Hosp, Oslo Univ Hosp, Inst Canc Res, Dept Radiat Biol, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. EM astajuzeniene@rr-research.no RI Steindal, Arnfinn/A-7603-2008; OI , Asta/0000-0001-9426-0062 FU Norwegian Cancer Society (Kreftforeningen) FX We appreciate financial support of the Norwegian Cancer Society (Kreftforeningen). NR 146 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 1011-1344 J9 J PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO B JI J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol. PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.04.009 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 475ZO UT WOS:000268406700002 PM 19481954 ER PT J AU Huang, XJ Miao, HJ Steinbrener, J Nelson, J Shapiro, D Stewart, A Turner, J Jacobsen, C AF Huang, Xiaojing Miao, Huijie Steinbrener, Jan Nelson, Johanna Shapiro, David Stewart, Andrew Turner, Joshua Jacobsen, Chris TI Signal-to-noise and radiation exposure considerations in conventional and diffraction x-ray microscopy SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; PHASE-CONTRAST; RESOLUTION; TRANSMISSION; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECIMENS; IMAGES; YEAST; RATIO AB Using a signal-to-noise ratio estimation based on correlations between multiple simulated images, we compare the dose efficiency of two soft x-ray imaging systems: incoherent brightfield imaging using zone plate optics in a transmission x-ray microscope (TXM), and x-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) where an image is reconstructed from the far-field coherent diffraction pattern. In XDM one must computationally phase weak diffraction signals; in TXM one suffers signal losses due to the finite numerical aperture and efficiency of the optics. In simulations with objects representing isolated cells such as yeast, we find that XDM has the potential for delivering equivalent resolution images using fewer photons. This can be an important advantage for studying radiation-sensitive biological and soft matter specimens. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Huang, Xiaojing; Miao, Huijie; Steinbrener, Jan; Nelson, Johanna; Stewart, Andrew; Turner, Joshua; Jacobsen, Chris] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Shapiro, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Huang, XJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM Chris.Jacobsen@stonybrook.edu RI Huang, Xiaojing/K-3075-2012; Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Nelson Weker, Johanna/J-4159-2015 OI Huang, Xiaojing/0000-0001-6034-5893; Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Nelson Weker, Johanna/0000-0001-6856-3203 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Department of Energ [DE-FG02-07ER46128]; National Institute for General Medical Services at the National Institutes for Health [5R21EB6134] FX We wish to thank the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, at the Department of Energy for support of x-ray diffraction microscopy methods and instrumentation development under contract DE-FG02-07ER46128. We also wish to thank the National Institute for General Medical Services at the National Institutes for Health for support of the application of this method to biological imaging under contract 5R21EB6134. Finally, we thank Janos Kirz, Stefano Marchesini, and David Sayre for many helpful discussions in connection with this paper. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 16 BP 13541 EP 13553 DI 10.1364/OE.17.013541 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 481WQ UT WOS:000268843700031 PM 19654762 ER PT J AU Evans, JW Zawadzki, RJ Jones, SM Olivier, SS Werner, JS AF Evans, Julia W. Zawadzki, Robert J. Jones, Steven M. Olivier, Scot S. Werner, John S. TI Error Budget Analysis for an Adaptive Optics Optical Coherence Tomography System SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; HUMAN EYE; DEFORMABLE MIRRORS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; SENSOR; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; ABERRATION; ACCURATE AB The combination of adaptive optics (AO) technology with optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrumentation for imaging the retina has proven to be a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers in understanding the healthy and diseased eye. The micrometer-isotropic resolution achieved by such a system allows imaging of the retina at a cellular level, however imaging of some cell types remains elusive. Improvement in contrast rather than resolution is needed and can be achieved through better AO correction of wavefront aberration. A common tool for assessing and ultimately improving AO system performance is the development of an error budget. Specifically, this is a list of the magnitude of the constituent residual errors of an optical system so that resources can be directed towards efficient performance improvement. Here we present an error budget developed for the UC Davis AO-OCT instrument indicating that bandwidth and controller errors are the limiting errors of our AO system, which should be corrected first to improve performance. We also discuss the scaling of error sources for different subjects and the need to improve the robustness of the system by addressing subject variability. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Evans, Julia W.; Zawadzki, Robert J.; Werner, John S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Vis Sci & Adv Retinal Imaging Lab, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Evans, Julia W.; Jones, Steven M.; Olivier, Scot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Vis Sci & Adv Retinal Imaging Lab, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM evans74@llnl.gov RI Zawadzki, Robert/E-7534-2011 OI Zawadzki, Robert/0000-0002-9574-156X FU U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC5207NA27344]; National Eye Institute [EY 014743]; National Science Foundation; Center for Biophotonics; NSF Science and Technology Center; University of California, FX The authors thank Lisa Poyneer for her helpful advice regarding errors in reconstruction and the Fourier Transform Reconstructor. This work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC5207NA27344. This research was supported by the National Eye Institute (grant EY 014743). This work was supported by funding from the National Science Foundation. The Center for Biophotonics, an NSF Science and Technology Center, is managed by the University of California, Davis, under Cooperative Agreement No. PHY 0120999. LLNL-JRNL-411655. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 16 BP 13768 EP 13784 DI 10.1364/OE.17.013768 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 481WQ UT WOS:000268843700053 PM 19654784 ER PT J AU Dong, JF Zhou, JF Koschny, T Soukoulis, C AF Dong, Jianfeng Zhou, Jiangfeng Koschny, Thomas Soukoulis, Costas TI Bi-layer cross chiral structure with strong optical activity and negative refractive index SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; WIRE PAIRS; METAMATERIAL; FREQUENCIES; DEPENDENCE AB The properties of periodic pairs of mutually twisted metallic (silver) crosses separated by dielectric layer have been investigated by numerical simulation. The results show that the exceptionally strong polarization rotation and circular dichroism, negative permeability and negative refractive index are found at the infrared communication wavelength (1.55 mu m). (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Dong, Jianfeng] Ningbo Univ, Inst Opt Fiber Commun & Network Technol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Dong, Jianfeng; Zhou, Jiangfeng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Dong, Jianfeng; Zhou, Jiangfeng; Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, Jiangfeng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhou, Jiangfeng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas] Univ Crete, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, FORTH, Khania, Greece. [Koschny, Thomas; Soukoulis, Costas] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Khania, Greece. RP Dong, JF (reprint author), Ningbo Univ, Inst Opt Fiber Commun & Network Technol, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM dongjianfeng@nbu.edu.cn RI Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 FU Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong; National Basic Research Program (973) of China [2004CB719805]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [60777037]; K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University; Department of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences) [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Department of Navy; Office of the Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0359]; European Community FET project PHOME [213390]; AFOSR under MURI [FA 9550-06-1-0337] FX The author Jianfeng Dong gratefully acknowledges support of the W. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong, the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (Grant No. 2004CB719805) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60777037). Work was partially sponsored by K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University. Work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences) under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. This work was partially supported by the Department of Navy, Office of the Naval Research (Grant No. N00014-07-1-0359), European Community FET project PHOME (Contract No. 213390) and AFOSR under MURI Grant No. FA 9550-06-1-0337. NR 30 TC 55 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 17 IS 16 BP 14172 EP 14179 DI 10.1364/OE.17.014172 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 481WQ UT WOS:000268843700097 PM 19654828 ER PT J AU Huang, Z French, D Pao, HY Jovanovic, I AF Huang, Zun French, Doug Pao, Hsueh-Yuan Jovanovic, Igor TI Phase-sensitive multimodal optical parametric amplifier for beam angle amplification SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE Three-wave mixing; Quantum phase amplifier ID NOISE AB The single-mode phase-sensitive parametric amplifier has been proposed as an approximation to an ideal quantum phase amplifier. We demonstrate numerically that a real, multimode parametric amplifier operated in the spatial domain, and realized by the use of three-wave mixing in nonlinear media, behaves similar to a single-mode quantum phase amplifier, but exhibits smaller phase gain. Constraints for operation in this regime are found to be consistent with small departures of phase from the ideal deamplification condition. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Zun; French, Doug; Jovanovic, Igor] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pao, Hsueh-Yuan] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Huang, Z (reprint author), 400 Cent Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM huang105@purdue.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 373 IS 32 BP 2894 EP 2896 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2009.06.011 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 478YN UT WOS:000268624800017 ER PT J AU Hyldegaard, S Forssen, C Diget, CA Alcorta, M Barker, FC Bastin, B Borge, MJG Boutami, R Brandenburg, S Buscher, J Dendooven, P Van Duppen, P Eronen, T Fox, S Fulton, BR Fynbo, HOU Huikari, J Huyse, M Jeppesen, HB Jokinen, A Jonson, B Jungmann, K Kankainen, A Kirsebom, O Madurga, M Moore, I Navratil, P Nilsson, T Nyman, G Onderwater, GJG Penttila, H Perajarvi, K Raabe, R Riisager, K Rinta-Antila, S Rogachevskiy, A Saastamoinen, A Sohani, M Tengblad, O Traykov, E Vary, JP Wang, Y Wilhelmsen, K Wilschut, HW Aysto, J AF Hyldegaard, S. Forssen, C. Diget, C. Aa. Alcorta, M. Barker, F. C. Bastin, B. Borge, M. J. G. Boutami, R. Brandenburg, S. Buescher, J. Dendooven, P. Van Duppen, P. Eronen, T. Fox, S. Fulton, B. R. Fynbo, H. O. U. Huikari, J. Huyse, M. Jeppesen, H. B. Jokinen, A. Jonson, B. Jungmann, K. Kankainen, A. Kirsebom, O. Madurga, M. Moore, I. Navratil, P. Nilsson, T. Nyman, G. Onderwater, G. J. G. Penttila, H. Perajarvi, K. Raabe, R. Riisager, K. Rinta-Antila, S. Rogachevskiy, A. Saastamoinen, A. Sohani, M. Tengblad, O. Traykov, E. Vary, J. P. Wang, Y. Wilhelmsen, K. Wilschut, H. W. Aysto, J. TI Precise branching ratios to unbound C-12 states from N-12 and B-12 beta-decays SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR SHELL-MODEL; EXCITED-STATES; RATES; PARTICLES; DETECTOR; CURRENTS AB Two complementary experimental techniques have been used to extract precise branching ratios to unbound states in C-12 from N-12 and B-12 beta-decays. In the first the three alpha-particles emitted after decay are measured in coincidence in separate detectors, while in the second method N-12 and B-12 are implanted in a detector and the summed energy of the three a-particles is measured directly. For the narrow states at 7.654 MeV (0(+)) and 12.71 MeV (1(+)) the resulting branching ratios are both smaller than previous measurements by a factor of similar or equal to 2. The experimental results are compared to no-core shell model calculations with realistic interactions from chiral perturbation theory, and inclusion of three-nucleon forces is found to give improved agreement. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hyldegaard, S.; Fynbo, H. O. U.; Kirsebom, O.; Riisager, K.] Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Forssen, C.; Jonson, B.; Nilsson, T.; Nyman, G.; Wilhelmsen, K.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Alcorta, M.; Borge, M. J. G.; Boutami, R.; Madurga, M.; Tengblad, O.] CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Barker, F. C.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Bastin, B.; Buescher, J.; Van Duppen, P.; Huyse, M.; Raabe, R.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Brandenburg, S.; Dendooven, P.; Onderwater, G. J. G.; Rogachevskiy, A.; Sohani, M.; Traykov, E.; Wilschut, H. W.] Univ Groningen, Kernfys Versneller Inst, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. [Diget, C. Aa.; Fox, S.; Fulton, B. R.] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Eronen, T.; Huikari, J.; Jokinen, A.; Kankainen, A.; Moore, I.; Penttila, H.; Perajarvi, K.; Rinta-Antila, S.; Saastamoinen, A.; Wang, Y.; Aysto, J.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, FIN-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Jeppesen, H. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Navratil, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Vary, J. P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fynbo, HOU (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. EM fynbo@phys.au.dk RI Jokinen, Ari/C-2477-2017; Forssen, Christian/C-6093-2008; Alcorta, Martin/G-7107-2011; Jungmann, Klaus/A-7142-2010; Penttila, Heikki/A-4420-2013; Nilsson, Thomas/B-7705-2009; jungmann, klaus/H-1581-2013; Jonson, Bjorn/B-2816-2014; Kankainen, Anu/K-3448-2014; Moore, Iain/D-7255-2014; Brandenburg, Sytze/J-6282-2012; Tengblad, Olof/O-5852-2015; Diget, Christian Aaen/D-8063-2016 OI Jokinen, Ari/0000-0002-0451-125X; Forssen, Christian/0000-0003-3458-0480; Alcorta, Martin/0000-0002-6217-5004; Nilsson, Thomas/0000-0002-6990-947X; jungmann, klaus/0000-0003-0571-4072; Kankainen, Anu/0000-0003-1082-7602; Moore, Iain/0000-0003-0934-8727; Brandenburg, Sytze/0000-0002-9887-1642; Diget, Christian Aaen/0000-0002-9778-8759 FU Academy of Finland [44875]; Spanish Agency CICYT [FPA2005-02379]; MEC Consolider project [CSD2007-00042]; Belgian IAP [P6/23]; FWO-Vlaanderen; European Union sixth Framework Programme "EURONS" [506065]; Swedish Research Council; Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation; LLNL; [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; [DE-FC-0207ER41457]; [DE-FG02-87ER40371] FX This research was supported by the Academy of Finland (No. project 44875), by the Spanish Agency CICYT (No. FPA2005-02379) and the MEC Consolider project CSD2007-00042, by the Belgian IAP P6/23 project and FWO-Vlaanderen, by the European Union sixth Framework Programme "EURONS" (No. 506065), by the Swedish Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation, by LLNL (Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and DE-FC-0207ER41457) and by DE-FG02-87ER40371. The work at KVI was performed as part of program 48 (TRI mu P) of the 'Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie' (FOM). The calculations reported here were performed at the LLNL LC facilities and as part of the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC007-07-56) and at the Oak Ridge Natinal Laboratory Jaguar facility under the auspices of a DOE-INCITE award (David Dean, PI). NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 678 IS 5 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2009.06.064 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 480CE UT WOS:000268708700007 ER PT J AU MaHam, A Tang, ZW Wu, H Wang, J Lin, YH AF MaHam, Aihui Tang, Zhiwen Wu, Hong Wang, Jun Lin, Yuehe TI Protein-Based Nanomedicine Platforms for Drug Delivery SO SMALL LA English DT Review DE drug-delivery systems; nanomedicine; protein cages; tumors ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; COWPEA MOSAIC-VIRUS; METASTATIC BREAST-CANCER; ALBUMIN-BOUND PACLITAXEL; IN-VIVO EVALUATION; METHANOCOCCUS-JANNASCHII; TUMOR VASCULATURE; CONTRAST AGENTS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; PHAGE DISPLAY AB Protein-based nanomedicine platforms for drug delivery comprise naturally self-assembled protein subunits of the same protein or a combination of proteins making up a complete system. They are ideal for drug-delivery platforms due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability coupled with low toxicity. A variety of proteins have been used and characterized for drug-delivery systems, including the ferritin/apoferritin protein cage, plant-derived viral capsids, the small Heat shock protein (sHsp) cage, albumin, soy and whey protein, collagen, and gelatin. There are many different types and shapes that have been prepared to deliver drug molecules using protein-based platforms, including various protein cages, microspheres, nanoparticles, hydrogels, films, minirods, and minipellets. The protein cage is the most newly developed biomaterial for drug delivery and therapeutic applications. The uniform size, multifunctionality, and biodegradability push it to the frontier of drug delivery. In. this Review, the recent strategic development of drug delivery is discussed with emphasis on polymer-based, especially protein-based, nanomedicine platforms for drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages are also discussed for each type of protein-based drug-delivery system. C1 [MaHam, Aihui; Tang, Zhiwen; Wu, Hong; Wang, Jun; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Yuehe.Lin@pnl.gov RI Tang, Xiaolei/B-8585-2011; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work is supported by a laboratory-directed research and development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)'s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. PNNL is operated by Battelle for DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 137 TC 206 Z9 209 U1 18 U2 222 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 15 BP 1706 EP 1721 DI 10.1002/smll.200801602 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 482TP UT WOS:000268911900001 PM 19572330 ER PT J AU Tepavcevic, S Darling, SB Dimitrijevic, NM Rajh, T Sibener, SJ AF Tepavcevic, Sanja Darling, Seth B. Dimitrijevic, Nada M. Rajh, Tijana Sibener, Steven J. TI Improved Hybrid Solar Cells via in situ UV Polymerization SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE conducting polymers; nanotubes; photoconductivity; self-assembly; solar cells ID TIO2 NANOTUBE-ARRAYS; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; MESOPOROUS TITANIA; ENERGY CONVERSION; MULTILAYER FILMS; 2,5-DIIODOTHIOPHENE; OLIGOTHIOPHENE; PERFORMANCE AB One approach for making inexpensive inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic (PV) cells is to fill highly ordered TiO(2) nanotube (NT) arrays with solid organic hole conductors such as conjugated polymers. Here, a new in situ UV polymerization method for growing polythiophene (UV-PT) inside TiO(2) NTs is presented and compared to the conventional approach of infiltrating NTs with pre-synthesized polymer. A nanotubular TiO(2) substrate is immersed in a 2,5-diiodothiophene (DT) monomer precursor solution and then irradiated with UV light. The selective UV photodissociation of the C-I bond produces monomer radicals with intact pi-ring structure that further produce longer oligothiophene/PT molecules. Complete photoluminescence quenching upon UV irradiation suggests coupling between radicals created from DIT and at the TiO(2) surface via a charge transfer complex. Coupling with the TiO(2) surface improves UV-PT crystallinity and pi-pi stacking; flat photocurrent values show that charge recombination during hole transport through the polymer is negligible. A non-ideal, backside-illuminated setup under illumination of 620-nm light yields a photocurrent density of approximate to 5 mu A cm(2) - surprisingly much stronger than with comparable devices fabricated with polymer synthesized ex situ. Since in this backside architecture setup we illuminate the cell through the Ag top electrode, there is a possibility for Ag plasmon-enhanced solar energy conversion. By using this simple in situ UV polymerization method that couples the conjugated polymer to the TiO(2) surface, the absorption of sunlight can be improved and the charge carrier mobility of the photoactive layer can be enhanced. C1 [Darling, Seth B.; Dimitrijevic, Nada M.; Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tepavcevic, Sanja; Sibener, Steven J.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dimitrijevic, Nada M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Darling, SB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM darling@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF-Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at the University of Chicago FX The authors thank D. Rosenmann for help with sputter deposition of Ti and Ag layers and L. Richter for insightful discussions regarding the spectroscopy of conjugated polymers. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was also partially funded by the NSF-Materials Research Science and Engineering Center at the University of Chicago. NR 35 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 33 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 5 IS 15 BP 1776 EP 1783 DI 10.1002/smll.200900093 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 482TP UT WOS:000268911900011 PM 19367599 ER PT J AU Chen, L Graham, ME Li, GH Gentner, DR Dimitrijevic, NM Gray, KA AF Chen, Le Graham, Michael E. Li, Gonghu Gentner, Drew R. Dimitrijevic, Nada M. Gray, Kimberly A. TI Photoreduction of CO2 by TiO2 nanocomposites synthesized through reactive direct current magnetron sputter deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Titanium dioxide; Carbon dioxide reduction; Sputtering; Transmission electron microscopy ID MIXED-PHASE TIO2; VISIBLE-LIGHT PHOTOCATALYSIS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THIN-FILMS; REDUCTION; TITANIA; ANATASE; SURFACE; DEGRADATION; TEMPERATURE AB The photoreduction Of CO2 into methane provides a carbon-neutral energy alternative to fossil fuels, but its feasibility requires improvements in the photo-efficiency of materials tailored to this reaction. We hypothesize that mixed phase TiO2 nano-materials with high interfacial densities are extremely active photocatalysts well suited to solar fuel production by reducing CO2 to methane and shifting to visible light response. Mixed phase TiO2 films were synthesized by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Bundles of anatase-rutile nano-columns having high densities of two kinds of interfaces (those among the bundles and those between the columns) are fabricated. Films sputtered at a low deposition angle showed the highest methane yield, compared to TiO2 fabricated under other sputtering conditions and commercial standard Degussa P25 under UV irradiation. The yield of methane could be significantly increased (similar to 12% CO2 conversion) by increasing the CO2 to water ratio and temperature (<100 degrees C) as a combined effect. These films also displayed a light response strongly shifted into the visible range. This is explained by the creation of non-stoichiometric titania films having unique features that we can potentially tailor to the solar energy applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Le; Li, Gonghu; Gray, Kimberly A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Graham, Michael E.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Gentner, Drew R.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Dimitrijevic, Nada M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Dimitrijevic, Nada M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gray, KA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM k-gray@northwestern.edu RI Gray, Kimberly/B-6989-2009; Graham, Michael/B-7518-2009 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER15457/A003, DE-AC0206CH11358] FX The financial support provided for this study from the US Department of Energy (DE-FG02-03ER15457/A003 and DE-AC0206CH11358) is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank researchers Dr. Zoran Saponjic and Dr. Tijana Rajh of Argonne National Laboratory for their kind assistance on EPR spectroscopy. The characterization (XRD, AFM, TEM and SEM) was performed in the MRSEC and NUANCE center at Northwestern University. NR 35 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 517 IS 19 BP 5641 EP 5645 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.075 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 467XD UT WOS:000267775500009 ER PT J AU Fouad, OA Rumaiz, AK Shah, SI AF Fouad, O. A. Rumaiz, Abdul K. Shah, S. Ismat TI Reactive sputtering of titanium in Ar/CH4 gas mixture: Target poisoning and film characteristics SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Reactive sputtering; Titanium carbide; X-ray diffraction; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Reactive sputtering model ID THIN-FILMS; LASER DEPOSITION; MULTICOMPONENT; COATINGS AB Reactive sputtering of titanium target in the presence of Ar/CH4 gas mixture has been investigated. With the addition of methane gas to above 1.5% of the process gas a transition from the metallic sputtering mode to the poison mode was observed as indicated by the change in cathode current. As the methane gas flow concentration increased up to 10%, the target was gradually poisoned. The hysteresis in the cathode current could be plotted by first increasing and then subsequently decreasing the methane concentration. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses of the deposited films confirmed the formation of carbide phases and the transition of the process from the metallic to compound sputtering mode as the methane concentration in the sputtering gas is increased. The paper discusses a sputtering model that gives a rational explanation of the target poisoning phenomenon and shows an agreement between the experimental observations and calculated results. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shah, S. Ismat] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron & Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Fouad, O. A.] CMRDI, Cairo 11421, Egypt. [Rumaiz, Abdul K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Shah, SI (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron & Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM ismat@udel.edu RI Rumaiz, Abdul/J-5084-2012 FU Junior Scientist Development Visit Grants Program; U.S.-Egypt Joint Board on Scientific and Technological Cooperation; Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt FX This work was supported by the Junior Scientist Development Visit Grants Program, U.S.-Egypt Joint Board on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, Ministry of Scientific Research, Egypt. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 517 IS 19 BP 5689 EP 5694 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.119 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 467XD UT WOS:000267775500016 ER PT J AU Shin, J Goyal, A Wee, SH AF Shin, Junsoo Goyal, Amit Wee, Sung-Hun TI Growth of epitaxial gamma-Al2O3 films on rigid single-crystal ceramic substrates and flexible, single-crystal-like metallic substrates by pulsed laser deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Epitaxial oxide; gamma-Al2O3; Pulsed laser deposition; X-ray diffraction ID GATE DIELECTRICS; THIN-FILMS; SILICON; SI AB Epitaxial gamma-Al2O3 thin films were grown on diverse substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The high quality of epitaxial growth and cubic structure of gamma-Al2O3 films was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. SrTiO3 and MgO single crystal substrates were used to optimize the growth conditions for epitaxial gamma-Al2O3 film. Under the optimized conditions, epitaxial gamma-Al2O3 thin films were grown on flexible, single-crystal-like, metallic templates. These included untextured Hastelloy substrates with a biaxially textured MgO layer deposited using ion-beam-assisted-deposition and biaxially textured Ni-W metallic tapes with epitaxially grown and a biaxially textured. MgO buffer layer. These biaxially textured, gamma-Al2O3 films on flexible, single-crystal-like substrates are promising for subsequent epitaxial growth of various complex oxide films used for electrical, magnetic and electronic device applications. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shin, Junsoo; Goyal, Amit; Wee, Sung-Hun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wee, Sung-Hun] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Shin, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jshin@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); U. S. Department of Energy FX The authors thank V. Selvamanikcam at SuperPower Inc. for providing the Hastelloy substrates with either IBAD MgO layers or with both IBAD MgO layers and homoepitaxial MgO layers. J. Shin and S. H. Wee would like to thank Oak Ridge Associated Universities for a postdoctoral fellowship. Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 517 IS 19 BP 5710 EP 5714 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.116 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 467XD UT WOS:000267775500020 ER PT J AU Schwenzer, B Neilson, JR Sivula, K Woo, C Frehet, JMJ Morse, DE AF Schwenzer, Birgit Neilson, James R. Sivula, Kevin Woo, Claire Frehet, Jean M. J. Morse, Daniel E. TI Nanostructured p-type cobalt layered double hydroxide/n-type polymer bulk heterojunction yields an inexpensive photovoltaic cell SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Biologically inspired inorganic material; Cobalt layered double hydroxide; Inorganic p-type semiconductor; Organic/inorganic hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell; X-ray diffraction; Scanning electron microscopy; Electrical properties and measurements ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; SILICATEIN ALPHA; FILMS; PRECURSORS; CATALYSIS AB A low-cost, environmentally benign method was used to prepare nanostructured thin films of Co(5)(OH)(8) (NO(3))(2)center dot 2H(2)O, a layered double hydroxide p-type semiconductor. When infilled with poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT), an n-type semiconducting polymer, the resulting hybrid bulk heterojunction yields a photovoltaic device. The indium-doped tin oxide/Co(5)(OH)(8)(NO(3))(2)center dot 2H(2)O/P3BT/Al cell described here is an unprecedented example of an optoelectronic device fabricated by a low-cost biologically inspired pathway independent of organic structure-directing agents. Under illumination, this proof-of-principle device yields an open circuit voltage of 1.38 V, a short circuit current of 9 mu A/cm(2), a fill factor of 26% and a power efficiency of 3.2.10(-3)%. While the open circuit voltage of this prototype cell is close to its theoretical maximum, potential sources of the observed low efficiency are identified, and a suggested path for improvement is discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schwenzer, Birgit; Neilson, James R.; Morse, Daniel E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Collaborat Biotechnol, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Schwenzer, Birgit; Neilson, James R.; Morse, Daniel E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sivula, Kevin; Woo, Claire; Frehet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sivula, Kevin; Woo, Claire; Frehet, Jean M. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sivula, Kevin; Woo, Claire; Frehet, Jean M. J.; Morse, Daniel E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. [Morse, Daniel E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Morse, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Collaborat Biotechnol, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM d_morse@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Neilson, James/E-8248-2010; sivula, kevin/I-2250-2013; OI Schwenzer, Birgit/0000-0002-7872-1372; Sivula, Kevin/0000-0002-8458-0270; Neilson, James/0000-0001-9282-5752; Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DEFG03-02ER46006]; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies [DAAD19-03-D-0004]; MRSEC Program [DMR05-20415]; National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank Dr. Sean E. Shaheen at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, for his help with the work function measurements, and Dr. Frantisek Svec and Dr. Carine Edder for their helpful suggestions. The authors acknowledge support by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 including work at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This work was supported in part by grants to D.E.M. from the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DEFG03-02ER46006); the U.S. Army Research Office through grant DAAD19-03-D-0004 to the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies; and the MRSEC Program (award No. DMR05-20415) of the National Science Foundation (UCSB Materials Research Laboratory). J.R.N. is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD AUG 3 PY 2009 VL 517 IS 19 BP 5722 EP 5727 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.02.131 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 467XD UT WOS:000267775500022 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Gable, CW Zyvoloski, GA Walter, LM AF Zhang, Ye Gable, Carl W. Zyvoloski, George A. Walter, Lynn M. TI Hydrogeochemistry and gas compositions of the Uinta Basin: A regional-scale overview SO AAPG BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID RIVER PETROLEUM SYSTEM; SAN-JUAN BASIN; FORMATION WATERS; GREEN RIVER; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ILLINOIS BASIN; MICHIGAN BASIN; NATURAL GASES; NEW-MEXICO; UTAH AB The geochemistry of formation fluids (water and hydrocarbon gases) in the Uinta Basin, Utah, is evaluated at the regional scale based on fluid sampling and compilation of past records. The deep formation water is dominated by Na-Cl type where halite dissolution has the greatest effects on water chemistry. Its distribution and composition is controlled by both the lithology of geological formations and regional hydrodynamics. The origin of the saline waters in the southeastern basin is interpreted to be a mix of ancient evaporatively concentrated seawater with meteoric water recharged in the geological past, which has experienced water-rock interactions. At the basin scale, three-dimensional mapping of the dissolved solid contents further reveals that (1) in the northern Uinta Basin bordering the Uinta Mountains, significant flushing of the deep basinal brines up to 6-km (3.7-mi) depth by meteoric water has occurred, and (2) in the central basin groundwater discharge areas along the Green River Valley, regional upwelling of saline waters from 2- to 3-km (1.2- to 1.8-mi) depth is occurring. Moreover, gas composition and water-gas stable isotope characteristics in the central to southeastern basin indicate the presence of a deep, thermogenic, and regionally continuous gas deposit. In particular, gases sampled in this region from the Wasatch Formation and Mesaverde Group indicate a similar source rock (type III kerogen of the deeply buried, thermally mature Mesaverde Group in the central to northern basin) as well as migration from the Natural Buttes gas field toward the southeastern basin. Evidence for biogenic methane formation is observed only in the upper Green River Formation in the central to northern Uinta Basin. Here, the organic-rich, immature Green River shales experience meteoric water invasions and formation fluid chemistry, and stable isotope compositions are diagnostic of microbial methanogenesis. C1 [Zhang, Ye] Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Gable, Carl W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zyvoloski, George A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp EES 16, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Walter, Lynn M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, 1000 Univ Ave, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM yzhang9@uwyo.edu; gable@lanl.gov; gaz@lanl.gov; lmwalter@umich.edu RI Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; OI Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [45596-AC2] FX This research was supported by the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (grant 45596-AC2). We gratefully acknowledge the help from our industry partners in conducting the sampling campaigns: Ivan Sadlier (Mcelvain Inc), Ken Curry (Beartooth Inc.), and Wendy Straatmann (Dominion Gas). We also acknowledge the help of Kelly Umlauf and Donald L. Mainfod in assisting the campaigns. The AAPG Editor thanks the following reviewers for their work on this paper: Alexander A. Kitchka and Mark W. Longman. NR 74 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST PI TULSA PA 1444 S BOULDER AVE, PO BOX 979, TULSA, OK 74119-3604 USA SN 0149-1423 J9 AAPG BULL JI AAPG Bull. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 93 IS 8 BP 1087 EP 1118 DI 10.1306/05140909004 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 486AI UT WOS:000269167300005 ER PT J AU Parham, C Zhong, Z Connor, DM Chapman, LD Pisano, ED AF Parham, Christopher Zhong, Zhong Connor, Dean M. Chapman, L. Dean Pisano, Etta D. TI Design and Implementation of a Compact Low-Dose Diffraction Enhanced Medical Imaging System SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diffraction enhanced imaging; analyzer based imaging; low dose; refraction; soft tissue; mammography ID BREAST-CANCER SPECIMENS; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST; CALCIFICATIONS; CARTILAGE; HISTOLOGY; CT AB Rationale and Objectives. Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is a new x-ray imaging modality that differs from conventional radiography in its use of three physical mechanisms to generate contrast. DEI is able to generate contrast from x-ray absorption, refraction, and ultra-small-angle scatter rejection (extinction) to produce high-contrast images with a much lower radiation dose compared to conventional radiography. Materials and Methods. A prototype DEI system was constructed using a 1-kW tungsten x-ray tube and a single silicon monochromator and analyzer crystal. The monochromator crystal was aligned to reflect the combined K alpha 1 (59.32 keV) and K alpha 2 (57.98 keV) characteristic emission lines of tungsten using a tube voltage of 160 kV. System performance and demonstration of contrast were evaluated using a nylon monofilament refraction phantom, full-thickness breast specimens, a human thumb, and a live mouse. Results. Images acquired using this system successfully demonstrated all three DEI contrast mechanisms. Flux measurements acquired using this 1-kW prototype system demonstrated that this design can be scaled to use a more powerful 60-kW x-ray tube to generate similar images with an image time of approximately 30 seconds. This single-crystal pair design can be further modified to allow for an array of crystals to reduce clinical image times to <3 seconds. Conclusions. This paper describes the design, construction, and performance of a new DEI system using a commercially available tungsten anode x-ray tube and includes the first high-quality low-dose diffraction-enhanced images of full-thickness human tissue specimens. C1 [Parham, Christopher; Pisano, Etta D.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Parham, Christopher; Pisano, Etta D.] Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Biomed Engn, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Parham, Christopher; Pisano, Etta D.] Univ N Carolina, Biomed Res Imaging Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Zhong, Zhong; Connor, Dean M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chapman, L. Dean] Univ Saskatchewan, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. RP Parham, C (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, 4030 Bondurant Hall,Campus Box 7000, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM caparham@gmail.com RI Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 8 BP 911 EP 917 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2009.02.007 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 474QE UT WOS:000268298200002 PM 19375952 ER PT J AU Muehleman, C Li, J Connor, D Parham, C Pisano, E Zhong, Z AF Muehleman, Carol Li, Jun Connor, Dean Parham, Christopher Pisano, Etta Zhong, Zhong TI Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging of Musculoskeletal Tissues Using a Conventional X-Ray Tube SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diffraction-enhanced imaging; phase contrast imaging; cartilage imaging; DEI; osteoarthritis; soft tissue imaging ID ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; SOFT-TISSUE; RADIOGRAPHY AB Rationale and Objectives. In conventional projection radiography, cartilage and other soft tissues do not produce enough radiographic contrast to be distinguishable from each other. Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) uses a monochromatic x-ray beam and a silicon crystal analyzer to produce images in which attenuation contrast is greatly enhanced and x-ray refraction at tissue boundaries can be detected. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of conventional x-ray tube-based DEI for the detection of soft tissues in experimental samples. Materials and Methods. Cadaveric human tali (normal and degenerated) and a knee and thumb were imaged with DEI using a conventional x-ray tube and DEI setup that included a double-silicon crystal monochromator and a silicon crystal analyzer positioned between the imaged object and the detector. Results. Diffraction-enhanced images of the cadaveric tali allowed the visualization of cartilage and its specific level of degeneration for each specimen. There was a significant correlation between the grade of cartilage integrity as assessed on the tube diffraction-enhanced images and on their respective histologic sections (r = 0.977 P = .01). Images of the intact knee showed the articular cartilage edge of the femoral condyle, even when superimposed by the tibia. In the thumb image, it was possible to visualize articular cartilage, tendons, and other soft tissues. Conclusion. DEI based on a conventional x-ray tube allows the visualization of skeletal and soft tissues simultaneously. Although more in-depth testing and optimization of the DEI setup must be carried out, these data demonstrate a proof of principle for further development of the technology for future clinical imaging. C1 [Muehleman, Carol; Li, Jun] Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Connor, Dean; Zhong, Zhong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Parham, Christopher; Pisano, Etta] Biomed Res Imaging Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Parham, Christopher; Pisano, Etta] Univ N Carolina, Lineberger Comprehens Canc Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Muehleman, C (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, 1735 Harrison St,Cohn Room 541, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM carol_muehleman@rush.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR048292-05, R01 AR048292, R01 AR48292] NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1076-6332 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 8 BP 918 EP 923 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2009.04.006 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 474QE UT WOS:000268298200003 PM 19580954 ER PT J AU Zhang, YY Zou, GF Doorn, SK Htoon, H Stan, L Hawley, ME Sheehan, CJ Zhu, YT Jia, QX AF Zhang, Yingying Zou, Guifu Doorn, Stephen K. Htoon, Han Stan, Liliana Hawley, Marilyn E. Sheehan, Chris J. Zhu, Yuntian Jia, Quanxi TI Tailoring the Morphology of Carbon Nanotube Arrays: From Spinnable Forests to Undulating Foams SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; CNT array; carbon nanotube fiber; catalyst pretreatment; spinnability; undulating structure ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GROWTH; FIBERS; YARNS; FILM; PRETREATMENT; COMPOSITES; DIAMETER; RIBBONS AB Directly spinning carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers from vertically aligned CNT arrays is a promising way for the application of CNTs in the field of high-performance materials. However, most of the reported CNT arrays are not spinnable. In this work, by controlling catalyst pretreatment conditions, we demonstrate that the degree of spinnability of CNTs is closely related to the morphology of CNT arrays. Shortest catalyst pretreatment time led to CNT arrays with the best spinnability, while prolonged pretreatment resulted in coarsening of catalyst particles and nonspinnable CNTs. By controlling the coalescence of catalyst particles, we further demonstrate the growth of undulating CNT arrays with uniform and tunable waviness. The CNT arrays can be tuned from well-aligned, spinnable forests to uniformly wavy, foam-like films. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematical study on the correlation between catalyst pretreatment, CNT morphology, and CNT spinnability. C1 [Zhang, Yingying; Zou, Guifu; Doorn, Stephen K.; Htoon, Han; Stan, Liliana; Hawley, Marilyn E.; Sheehan, Chris J.; Jia, Quanxi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zhu, Yuntian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Zhang, YY (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM yyzhang@lanl.gov; qxjia@lanl.gov RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; Zhang, Yingying/A-7260-2009; ZOU, GUIFU/C-8498-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; Zhang, Yingying/0000-0002-8448-3059; Htoon, Han/0000-0003-3696-2896 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the LAN/LDRD Program. NR 30 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 11 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2009 VL 3 IS 8 BP 2157 EP 2162 DI 10.1021/nn9003988 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 485SS UT WOS:000269145000018 PM 19640000 ER PT J AU Zaumseil, J Ho, XN Guest, JR Wiederrecht, GP Rogers, JA AF Zaumseil, Jana Ho, Xinning Guest, Jeffrey R. Wiederrecht, Gary P. Rogers, John A. TI Electroluminescence from Electrolyte-Gated Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotube; electroluminescence; field-effect transistor; electrolyte gating; ambipolar ID NETWORK TRANSISTORS; INFRARED-EMISSION; ALIGNED ARRAYS; SINGLE-WALL; PERFORMANCE; DRIVEN; METAL AB We demonstrate near-infrared electroluminescence from ambipolar, electrolyte-gated arrays of highly aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Using electrolytes instead of traditional oxide dielectrics in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (FET) facilitates injection and accumulation of high densities of holes and electrons at very low gate voltages with minimal current hysteresis. We observe numerous emission spots, each corresponding to individual nanotubes in the array. The positions of these spots indicate the meeting point of the electron and hole accumulation zones determined by the applied gate and source-drain voltages. The movement of emission spots with gate voltage yields information about relative band gaps, contact resistance, defects, and interaction between carbon nanotubes within the array. Introducing thin layers of HfO(2) and TiO(2) provides a means to modify exciton screening without fundamentally changing the current-voltage characteristics or electroluminescence yield of these devices. C1 [Zaumseil, Jana; Guest, Jeffrey R.; Wiederrecht, Gary P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ho, Xinning; Rogers, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Zaumseil, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jzaumseil@anl.gov RI Guest, Jeffrey/B-2715-2009; Rogers, John /L-2798-2016; OI Guest, Jeffrey/0000-0002-9756-8801; Zaumseil, Jana /0000-0002-2048-217X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07-ER46453, DE-FG02-07-ER46471]; U.S. Department of Energy, office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Device fabrication and electron microscopy were carried out at the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, University of Illinois, which are partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG02-07-ER46453 and DE-FG02-07-ER46471. Nanotube characterization (Raman, AFM) and device measurements were performed at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory. The Center for Nanoscale Materials is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 42 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2009 VL 3 IS 8 BP 2225 EP 2234 DI 10.1021/nn9005736 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 485SS UT WOS:000269145000027 PM 19634895 ER PT J AU Jiang, DE Nobusada, K Luo, WD Whetten, RL AF Jiang, De-en Nobusada, Katsuyuki Luo, Weidong Whetten, Robert L. TI Thiolated Gold Nanowires: Metallic versus Semiconducting SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE gold nanowires; thiolate; semiconducting; density functional theory; band structure ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; PROTECTED AU-25; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM WIRES; BASIS-SET; AU-AG; CLUSTERS; NANOCLUSTERS; COMPLEXES AB Tremendous research efforts have been spent on thiolated gold nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers of thiolate (RS-) on gold, but thiolated gold nanowires have received almost no attention. Here we computationally design two such one-dimensional nanosystems by creating a linear chain of Au icosahedra, fused together by either vertex sharing or face sharing. Then neighboring Au icosahedra are bridged by five thiolate groups for the vertex-sharing model and three RS-Au-SR motifs for the face-sharing model. We show that the vertex-sharing thiolated gold nanowire can be made either semiconducting or metallic by tuning the charge, while the face-sharing one is always metallic, We explain this difference between the two nanowires by examining their band structures and invoking a previously proposed electron-count rule. Implications of our findings for previous experimentation of gold nanowires are discussed, and a potential way to make thiolated gold nanowires is proposed. C1 [Jiang, De-en] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Nobusada, Katsuyuki] Inst Mol Sci, Dept Theoret & Computat Mol Sci, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan. [Luo, Weidong] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Luo, Weidong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Whetten, Robert L.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Jiang, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM jiangd@ornl.gov RI Jiang, De-en/D-9529-2011; Luo, Weidong/A-8418-2009 OI Jiang, De-en/0000-0001-5167-0731; Luo, Weidong/0000-0003-3829-1547 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-ACOS-00OR22725]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [18066019] FX This work was supported by Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No, DE-ACOS-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. D.E.J. acknowledges useful discussions with X.Q. Chen and V. Meunier. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. K.N. acknowledges the financial support of Grant-in-Aid (No. 18066019) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD AUG PY 2009 VL 3 IS 8 BP 2351 EP 2357 DI 10.1021/nn900498c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 485SS UT WOS:000269145000041 PM 19603760 ER PT J AU Pereira, JH Sapra, R Volponi, JV Kozina, CL Simmons, B Adams, PD AF Pereira, Jose Henrique Sapra, Rajat Volponi, Joanne V. Kozina, Carol L. Simmons, Blake Adams, Paul D. TI Structure of endoglucanase Cel9A from the thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE CBHA; CATALYTIC MODULES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CELLULASE; CRYSTALLIZATION; CELLULOLYTICUM; HYDROLASES; SOFTWARE; COMPLEX AB The production of biofuels using biomass is an alternative route to support the growing global demand for energy and to also reduce the environmental problems caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Cellulases are likely to play an important role in the degradation of biomass and the production of sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuel. Here, the crystal structure of an endoglucanase, Cel9A, from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (Aa_Cel9A) is reported which displays a modular architecture composed of an N-terminal Ig-like domain connected to the catalytic domain. This paper describes the overall structure and the detailed contacts between the two modules. Analysis suggests that the interaction involving the residues Gln13 (from the Ig-like module) and Phe439 (from the catalytic module) is important in maintaining the correct conformation of the catalytic module required for protein activity. Moreover, the Aa_Cel9A structure shows three metal-binding sites that are associated with the thermostability and/or substrate affinity of the enzyme. C1 [Pereira, Jose Henrique; Sapra, Rajat; Simmons, Blake; Adams, Paul D.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Pereira, Jose Henrique; Adams, Paul D.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sapra, Rajat; Volponi, Joanne V.; Kozina, Carol L.; Simmons, Blake] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Adams, PD (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM pdadams@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013; OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences FX This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy. We are grateful to the staff of the Berkeley Center for Structural Biology at the Advanced Light Source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Berkeley Center for Structural Biology is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We also would like to thank Professor E. Schneider at Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin for the gift of the original gene construct of Cel9A that was used to subclone the gene for expression of the protein. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 65 BP 744 EP 750 DI 10.1107/S0907444909012773 PN 8 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 472MT UT WOS:000268136800002 PM 19622857 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA O'Bryan, G Andrzejewski, WJ McElhanon, JR AF Rodriguez, Mark A. O'Bryan, Greg Andrzejewski, William J. McElhanon, James R. TI 2-{(E)-[1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium-2-yl]vinyl}-6-hyd roxymethyl-4-nitrophenolate dihydrate SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE LA English DT Article AB The title merocyanine-type molecule, C21H22N2O5 center dot 2H(2)O, crystallizes in a zwitterionic form and has an E configuration at the styryl C=C bond. The styryl part of the molecule and the indolium ring are slightly twisted and form a dihedral angle of 13.4 (1)degrees. The 1.274 (3) angstrom C-O bond length in the phenolate fragment is the longest among similar molecules. Hydrogen bonds between solvent water molecules, two hydroxyl groups and the phenolate O atom dictate the packing arrangement of molecules in the crystal and join the molecules into a two-dimensional polymeric network which propagates parallel to (001). Four water molecules and four hydroxy groups form a centrosymmetric homodromic cyclic motif of O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds. Another cyclic centrosymmetric motif is generated by four water molecules and two phenolate O atoms. C1 [Rodriguez, Mark A.; Andrzejewski, William J.; McElhanon, James R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [O'Bryan, Greg] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM marodri@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1600-5368 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR E JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. E.-Struct Rep. Online PD AUG PY 2009 VL 65 BP O1906 EP U3400 DI 10.1107/S1600536809027238 PN 8 PG 12 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA 477HV UT WOS:000268510800304 PM 21583596 ER PT J AU Olmsted, DL Foiles, SM Holm, EA AF Olmsted, David L. Foiles, Stephen M. Holm, Elizabeth A. TI Survey of computed grain boundary properties in face-centered cubic metals: I. Grain boundary energy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary energy; Molecular statics simulations; Grain boundary structure ID SYMMETRICAL TILT BOUNDARIES; 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; 001 TWIST BOUNDARIES; FCC METALS; BCC METALS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; 100 PLANES; SIMULATION; GROWTH; ALUMINUM AB The energies of a set of 388 distinct grain boundaries have been calculated based on embedded-atom method interatomic potentials for Ni and Al. The boundaries considered are a complete catalog of the coincident site lattice boundaries constructible in a computational cell of a prescribed size. Correlations of the boundary energy with other boundary properties (disorientation angle, Sigma value, excess boundary volume and proximity of boundary normals to < 111 >) are examined. None of the usual geometric properties associated with grain boundary energy are useful predictors for this data set. The data set is incorporated as supplementary material to facilitate the search for more complex correlations. The energies or corresponding boundaries in Ni and Al are found to differ by approximately a scaling factor related to the Voigt average shear modulus or C(44). Crystallographically close boundaries have similar energies; hence a table of grain boundary energies could be used for interpolation. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olmsted, David L.; Foiles, Stephen M.; Holm, Elizabeth A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM Eaholm@sandia.gov RI Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011; Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016; OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769; Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X FU Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Computational Materials Science Network program FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation. a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC0494AL85000. We acknowledge partial support from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences both through the core program and through the Computational Materials Science Network program. NR 75 TC 176 Z9 179 U1 11 U2 111 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 3694 EP 3703 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.007 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 476CG UT WOS:000268414100002 ER PT J AU Olmsted, DL Holm, EA Foiles, SM AF Olmsted, David L. Holm, Elizabeth A. Foiles, Stephen M. TI Survey of computed grain boundary properties in face-centered cubic metals-II: Grain boundary mobility SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary migration; MD-simulations; Grain boundary roughening ID HIGH-PURITY LEAD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ROUGHENING TRANSITION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS; MIGRATION; ALUMINUM; MOTION; DEPENDENCE; BICRYSTALS; CRYSTALS AB The absolute grain boundary mobility of 388 nickel grain boundaries was calculated using a synthetic driving force molecular dynamics method; complete results appear in the supplementary materials. Over 255 of the boundaries, including most of the non-Sigma 3 highest mobility boundaries, moved by a coupled shear mechanism. The range of non-shearing boundary mobilities is from 40 to 400 m/s GPa. except for Sigma 3 incoherent twins which have mobilities of 200-2000 m/s GPa. Some boundaries, including all the < 1 1 1 > twist boundaries, are immobile within the resolution of the simulation. Boundary mobility is not correlated with scalar parameters such as disorientation angle. Sigma value, excess volume or boundary energy. Boundaries less than 15 degrees from each other in five-dimensional crystallographic space tend to have similar mobilities. Some boundaries move via a non-activated motion mechanism, which greatly increases low-temperature mobility. Thermal roughening of grain boundaries is widely observed, with estimated roughening temperatures substantially among boundaries. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Olmsted, David L.; Holm, Elizabeth A.; Foiles, Stephen M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM Eaholm@sandia.gov RI Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011; Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016; OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769; Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration Under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. We acknowledge partial support from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences both through the core program and through the Computational Materials Science Network program. NR 39 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 6 U2 72 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 3704 EP 3713 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.015 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 476CG UT WOS:000268414100003 ER PT J AU Nibur, KA Somerday, BP Balch, DK San Marchi, C AF Nibur, K. A. Somerday, B. P. Balch, D. K. San Marchi, C. TI The role of localized deformation in hydrogen-assisted crack propagation in 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn stainless steel SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen embrittlement; Stainless steel; Fracture toughness; Localized plasticity ID TEMPERATURE BRITTLE-FRACTURE; BEARING AUSTENITIC STEELS; PLANAR SLIP; NITROGEN; EMBRITTLEMENT; MECHANISM; ALLOYS; METALS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DISLOCATIONS AB Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics experiments were conducted on three heats of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn austensitic stainless steel (two forgings and one annealed material), emphasizing the effects of high concentrations of thermally precharged hydrogen as well as crack-growth orientation and ferrite content. Hydrogen was the dominant variable ill this study, causing a reduction ill fracture initiation toughness of greater than 80% in the forgings independent of crack-growth orientation and ferrite content. Reflecting the fracture toughness measurements, hydrogen also caused dramatic changes in fractures modes. Microscopy evidencce indicated that fracture in hydrogen-precharged materials was governed by localized deformation. The impingement of deformation bands on obstacles such as boundaries or intersecting deformation bands caused stress concentrations, leading to void or microcrack formation at these sites. It is postulated that void or microcrack formation can be solely attributed to hydrogen-enhanced localized deformation without invoking any mechanism where hydrogen directly lowers the fracture resistance. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nibur, K. A.; Somerday, B. P.; Balch, D. K.; San Marchi, C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nibur, KA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kevinnibur@yahoo.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy (contract # DE AC04-94AL85000). NR 48 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 3795 EP 3809 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.027 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 476CG UT WOS:000268414100011 ER PT J AU Gali, A Bei, H George, EP AF Gali, A. Bei, H. George, E. P. TI Thermal stability of Cr-Cr3Si eutectic microstructures SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Interfaces; Segregation; Directional solidification; Coarsening; Composites ID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; LAMELLAR MICROSTRUCTURES; CELLULAR PRECIPITATE; SELF-SIMILARITY; KINETICS; ALLOY; INSTABILITY; SURFACE; GROWTH AB The thermal stability of Cr-Cr3Si lamellar eutectic composites was investigated at temperatures up to 1400 degrees C. In drop-cast Cr-Cr3Si, coarsening was found to be interface controlled. The coarsening rate could be reduced by microalloying with Ce and Re, two elements which were chosen because they were expected to segregate to the Cr-Cr3Si interfaces. Similarly, directional solidification, whichc is also expected to lowere the Cr-Cr3Si interfacial energy, was found to dramatically decrease the coarsening rate. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gali, A.; Bei, H.; George, E. P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gali, A.; George, E. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM georgeep@ornl.gov RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Gali, Adam/0000-0002-3339-5470; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; US Department of Energy FX This research was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, US Department of Energy. The authors wish to thank Dr. E.A. Kenik for help with EBSD analysis and Cecil Carmichael for help in specimen preparation. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 3823 EP 3829 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.041 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 476CG UT WOS:000268414100013 ER PT J AU Saage, H Kruger, M Sturm, D Heilmaier, M Schneibel, JH George, E Heatherly, L Somsen, C Eggeler, G Yang, Y AF Saage, H. Krueger, M. Sturm, D. Heilmaier, M. Schneibel, J. H. George, E. Heatherly, L. Somsen, Ch. Eggeler, G. Yang, Y. TI Ductilization of Mo-Si solid solutions manufactured by powder metallurgy SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Mechanical alloying; Bending tests; Molybdenum silicides; Ductility; Microstructure ID MOLYBDENUM; ALLOYS; FRACTURE; SILICON AB Mo-1.5 at.% Si alloys with additions of either Y2O3 or Zr were manufactured by mechanical alloying. The Y2O3 particles reduced the grain size and increased the room temperature strength, but did not alleviate the brittleness of previously investigated Mo-1.5 at.% Si without Y2O3. Additions of Zr, on the other hand, resulted not only in a fine grain size and an extremely high bend strength (similar to 2 GPa), but also in limited bend ductility at room temperature. Zr additions are seen to be beneficial for three reasons. First, Zr reduces the grain size. Second, Zr getters detrimental oxygen by forming ZrO2 particles (which in turn help to pin the grain boundaries). Third, in situ Auger analysis shows that the Zr reduces the concentration of Si segregated at the grain boundaries. This is thought to enhance the grain boundary cohesive strength and thus leads to the observed ductility. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Saage, H.] Univ Appl Sci, Fac Mech Engn, D-84036 Landshut, Germany. [Krueger, M.; Sturm, D.; Schneibel, J. H.] Otto VonGuericke Univ Magdegurg, Inst Werkstoff & Fugetech, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany. [Heilmaier, M.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Fachbereich Mat Wissensch, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [George, E.; Heatherly, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Somsen, Ch.; Eggeler, G.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Werkstoffe, D-44801 Bochum, Germany. [Yang, Y.] Compatherm LLC, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Saage, H (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci, Fac Mech Engn, D-84036 Landshut, Germany. EM holger.saage@fh-landshut.de RI Eggeler, Gunther/R-9833-2016; OI Kruger, Manja/0000-0002-1122-7142 FU German Science Foundation (DFG); Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The research was sponsored by the German Science Foundation (DFG) in the frame of the research unit 727 "Beyond Nickelbase Superalloys". We are grateful to P. Jehanno, M. Wining and H. Kestler for providing the material used In this study. J.H.S. acknowledges support of this work by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, US Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC, and Support through the Schiebold Guest Professorship during a 5-month stay at the Unlversity of Magdeburg. Germany. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 3895 EP 3901 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.04.040 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 476CG UT WOS:000268414100020 ER PT J AU Jia, N Cong, ZH Sun, X Cheng, S Nie, ZH Ren, Y Liaw, PK Wang, YD AF Jia, N. Cong, Z. H. Sun, X. Cheng, S. Nie, Z. H. Ren, Y. Liaw, P. K. Wang, Y. D. TI An in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction study of micromechanical behavior of multiple phases in advanced high-strength steels SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE High-energy X-ray diffraction; High-strength steels; Plastic deformation; Dual Phases; Simulations ID DUPLEX STAINLESS-STEEL; TRIP-ASSISTED STEELS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MULTISCALE MECHANICS; RETAINED AUSTENITE; STRESS STATE; DEFORMATION; TRANSFORMATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYCRYSTALS AB The micromechanical behavior of high-strength steels with multiple phases was characterized using the ill Situ high-energy X-ray diffraction technique. For the materials investigated, the {2 0 0} lattice strains of the Constituent phases (ferrite. bainite and martensite) with similar crystal structures were determined by separating their overlapped diffraction peaks and then examining the respective changes ill peak positions during deformation. Based oil those experimental data, the anisotropic elastic and plastic properties of the steels were simulated Using a self-consistent model for predicting the grain-to-grain and phase-to-phase interactions. The constitutive laws for describing the elastic and plastic behavior of each constituent phase were directly obtained by comparing the predicted lattice strain distributions with the measured ones. The transmission electron microscopy observations of the microstructure development verified the partitioning of plastic strains among different phases. The present investigations provide a fundamental Understanding of the stress partitioning of soft and hard phases, and the different work-hardening rates of the multiphase steels. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wang, Y. D.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Jia, N.; Cong, Z. H.; Nie, Z. H.; Wang, Y. D.] Northeastern Univ, Key Lab Anisotropy & Texture Mat MOE, Shenyang 110004, Peoples R China. [Sun, X.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Cheng, S.; Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM ydwang@mail.neu.edu.cn RI Cheng, Sheng/D-9153-2013; Nie, Zhihua/G-9459-2013; ran, shi/G-9380-2013; wang, yandong/G-9404-2013 OI Cheng, Sheng/0000-0003-1137-1926; Nie, Zhihua/0000-0002-2533-933X; FU Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Department of Energy Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50671022]; program for ChangJiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0713]; National Ministry of Education of China.; National Outstanding Young Scientist Investigation [50725102]; National Science Foundation International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program [DMR-0231320]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH 11357] FX The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work was funded by the Department of Energy Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies under the Automotive Lightweighting Materials Program managed by Dr. Joseph Carpenter, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50671022), the program for ChangJiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT0713), and the key project supported by National Ministry of Education of China. Y.D. Wang would like to acknowledge the financial support by the National Outstanding Young Scientist Investigation under Grant No. 50725102. S. Cheng and P.K. Liaw are very grateful for the support of the National Science Foundation International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program (DMR-0231320) with Dr. C. Hubei- as the program direetor. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science laboratory, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH 11357. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 13 BP 3965 EP 3977 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.05.002 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 476CG UT WOS:000268414100028 ER PT J AU Bechtle, S Kumar, M Somerday, BP Launey, ME Ritchie, RO AF Bechtle, S. Kumar, M. Somerday, B. P. Launey, M. E. Ritchie, R. O. TI Grain-boundary engineering markedly reduces susceptibility to intergranular hydrogen embrittlement in metallic materials SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen embrittlement; Intergranular cracking; Grain-boundary engineering; Special boundaries; Mechanical properties ID FRACTURE; NICKEL; SEGREGATION; CRACKING; EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION; CORROSION; DUCTILITY; NETWORKS; COPPER AB The feasibility of using "grain-boundary engineering" techniques to reduce the susceptibility of a metallic material to intergranular embrittlement in the presence of hydrogen is examined. Using thermo mechanical processing, the fraction of "special" grain boundaries was increased from 46% to 75% (by length) in commercially pure nickel samples. In the presence of hydrogen concentrations between 1200 and 3400 appm, the high special fraction microstructure showed almost double the tensile ductility; also, the proportion of intergranular fracture was significantly lower and the J(c) fracture toughness values were some 20-30%, higher in comparison with the low special fraction microstructure. We attribute the reduction in the severity of hydrogen-induced intergranular embrittlement to the higher fraction of special grain boundaries, where the degree of hydrogen segregation at these boundaries is reduced. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf or Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Bechtle, S.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bechtle, S.] Tech Univ Hamburg, DE-21073 Hamburg, Germany. [Kumar, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Somerday, B. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Launey, M. E.; Ritchie, R. O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM roritchie@lbl.gov RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy: at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and at Sandia National Laboratories under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 31 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 7 U2 67 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14 BP 4148 EP 4157 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.05.012 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 479IN UT WOS:000268653000018 ER PT J AU Ophus, C Luber, EJ Edelen, M Lee, Z Fischer, LM Evoy, S Lewis, D Dahmen, U Radmilovic, V Mitlin, D AF Ophus, C. Luber, E. J. Edelen, M. Lee, Z. Fischer, L. M. Evoy, S. Lewis, D. Dahmen, U. Radmilovic, V. Mitlin, D. TI Nanocrystalline-amorphous transitions in Al-Mo thin films: Bulk and surface evolution SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; Metallic glasses; Nanocrystalline materials; Surface roughness; High-resolution electron microscopy ID METALLIC GLASSES; ALLOYS; GROWTH; RANGE; MICROSTRUCTURE; TEXTURE; SYSTEM AB We investigate the bulk and surface features of the crystalline-amorphous transitions in binary Al-Mo alloy thin films as a function of Mo composition using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy analysis, as well as thermodynamic modeling. Of the alloys tested, the minimum in the root mean square (rms) surface roughness and correlation length occurs at the Al-32 at.% Mo composition, which corresponds to the maximum volume fraction of the amorphous phase and the minimum volume fraction of the body centered cubic nanocrystallites. The rms surface roughness of the 32 at.% Mo films is on the order of a single nanometer, compared with nearly 80 nm for the 50 at.% Mo film. A structure-zone map is constructed to relate the surface morphology of the films to their bulk microstructure. A thermodynamic model developed by Miedema and coworkers was used to predict the general trends observed in the microstructural evolution as a function of film composition. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Ophus, C.; Luber, E. J.; Mitlin, D.] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Ophus, C.; Luber, E. J.; Fischer, L. M.; Evoy, S.; Mitlin, D.] Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Edelen, M.; Lewis, D.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Troy, NJ USA. [Lee, Z.; Dahmen, U.; Radmilovic, V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, L. M.; Evoy, S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. RP Mitlin, D (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM VRRadmilovic@lbl.gov; dmitlin@ualberta.ca RI Fischer, Lee/I-3980-2012; Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011; Ophus, Colin/H-2350-2013; Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016; OI Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072; Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575; Evoy, Stephane/0000-0003-4587-3502; Luber, Erik/0000-0003-1623-0102; Ophus, Colin/0000-0003-2348-8558 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH112]; NSERC; NRC NINT funds FX The authors would like to recognize the Chris Harrower's help with AFM and the help of Steve Launspach for aid on both AFM and XRD. Two of the authors (MCE and DJL) would like to recognize Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute for support of the thermodynamic modeling portion of this work. This work was partially supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, US Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH112. This work was also partially supported by an NSERC Discovery Grant (DM), Alberta Ingenuity (CO, EL, DM), and by NRC NINT funds (DM). NR 33 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 57 IS 14 BP 4296 EP 4303 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.05.029 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 479IN UT WOS:000268653000033 ER PT J AU Liss, KD Garbe, U Li, HJ Schambron, T Almer, JD Yan, K AF Liss, Klaus-Dieter Garbe, Ulf Li, Huijun Schambron, Thomas Almer, Jonathan D. Yan, Kun TI In Situ Observation of Dynamic Recrystallization in the Bulk of Zirconium Alloy SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS C1 [Liss, Klaus-Dieter; Garbe, Ulf; Li, Huijun; Yan, Kun] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Schambron, Thomas; Yan, Kun] Univ Wollongong, Fac Engn, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Almer, Jonathan D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liss, KD (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, BMP 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM kdl@ansto.gov.au RI Liss, Klaus-Dieter/E-8548-2011 OI Liss, Klaus-Dieter/0000-0003-4323-0343 FU Commonwealth of Australia under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This Work Was supported by the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy. The experimentalists especially thank the XOR beamline members and the APS user office for support. Use of the APS Was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1002/adem.200900094 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 495ZY UT WOS:000269937900004 ER PT J AU Tong, M Sriram, V Minor, A Yang, JM AF Tong, Michael Sriram, Vinay Minor, Andrew Yang, Jenn-Ming TI In Situ and Ex Situ Nanomechanical Analysis of Reactive Nanolayer Solder Joints SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FOILS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOY C1 [Tong, Michael; Sriram, Vinay; Yang, Jenn-Ming] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Minor, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Minor, Andrew] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tong, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM mtong@seas.ucla.edu FU NSF/NIRT [CMS-0506841]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors would like to thank the support of NSF/NIRT under Contract No. CMS-0506841. Dr. Ken Chong is the program monitor. Work performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 645 EP 649 DI 10.1002/adem.200900102 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 495ZY UT WOS:000269937900006 ER PT J AU Xu, HB Hubbard, CR An, K Feng, ZL Wang, XL Qu, J AF Xu, Hanbing Hubbard, Camden R. An, Ke Feng, Zhili Wang, Xun-Li Qu, Jun TI Neutron Diffraction Measurement of Residual Stresses in Friction Stir Processed Nanocomposite Surface Layer SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURE; WELDS; 6061-T6 C1 [Xu, Hanbing; Hubbard, Camden R.; Feng, Zhili; Qu, Jun] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [An, Ke; Wang, Xun-Li] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, HB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM qujn@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012; An, Ke/G-5226-2011; OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777; Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933; An, Ke/0000-0002-6093-429X; Qu, Jun/0000-0001-9466-3179 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-1656 J9 ADV ENG MATER JI Adv. Eng. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 650 EP 653 DI 10.1002/adem.200900065 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 495ZY UT WOS:000269937900007 ER PT J AU Drummond, LA Galiano, V Migallon, V Penades, J AF Drummond, L. Anthony Galiano, Vicente Migallon, Violeta Penades, Jose TI Interfaces for parallel numerical linear algebra libraries in high level languages SO ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Parallel software; ScaLAPACK; Python interfaces; Numerical experiments; Performance ID PYTHON AB In many high performance engineering and scientific applications there is a need to use parallel software libraries. Researchers behind these applications find it difficult to understand the interfaces to these libraries because they carry arguments that are related to the parallel environment and performance in addition to arguments related to the problem at hand. In this paper we introduce the use of high level user interfaces for ScaLAPACK. Concretely, a Python-based interface to ScaLAPACK is proposed. Numerical experiments comparing traditional programming practices with our proposed approach are presented. These experiments evaluate not only the performance of the Python interfaces but also how user friendlier they are, compared to the original calls, and show that PyScaLAPACK does not hinder the performance deliverance of ScaLAPACK. Finally, an example of a real scientific application code, whose functionality can be prototyped or extended with the use of PyScaLAPACK, is presented. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Migallon, Violeta; Penades, Jose] Univ Alicante, Dept Ciencia Computac & Inteligencia Artificial, Alicante 03071, Spain. [Galiano, Vicente] Univ Miguel Hernandez, Dept Fis Arquitectura Computadores, Alicante 03202, Spain. [Drummond, L. Anthony] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94703 USA. RP Penades, J (reprint author), Univ Alicante, Dept Ciencia Computac & Inteligencia Artificial, Alicante 03071, Spain. EM jpenades@dccia.ua.es RI Penades, Jose/E-3634-2015 OI Penades, Jose/0000-0001-9278-484X FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Education [TIN2008-06570-C04-04]; Universidad de Alicante [VIGROB-020] FX This research was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under Grant Number TIN2008-06570-C04-04, and by Universidad de Alicante under Grant Number VIGROB-020. We thank the referees for their comments and questions, which led to improvements of our presentation. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-9978 EI 1873-5339 J9 ADV ENG SOFTW JI Adv. Eng. Softw. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 40 IS 8 BP 652 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.11.014 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 449OD UT WOS:000266339000013 ER PT J AU Anton, SR Inman, DJ Park, G AF Anton, Steven R. Inman, Daniel J. Park, Gyuhae TI Reference-Free Damage Detection Using Instantaneous Baseline Measurements SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS; EMBEDDED PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENTS; REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES; LAMB WAVES; OPTIMAL PLACEMENT; HEALTH; PLATES; DELAMINATION; DIAGNOSIS; ARRAY AB A novel method of guided wave-based structural health monitoring is developed in which no direct baseline data are required to identify structural damage. Conventional wave propagation structural health monitoring techniques involve the comparison of structural response data to a prerecorded baseline or reference measurement taken while the structure is in pristine condition. The need to compare new data to a prerecorded baseline can present several complications, including data management issues and difficulty in accommodating the effects of varying environmental and operational conditions on the data. To address the complications associated with baseline comparison, this new method accomplishes reference-free damage detection by acquiring what is referred to as an instantaneous baseline measurement for analysis. The instantaneous baseline technique is validated through both analytical and experimental testing. Analytical tests show that the instantaneous baseline method is able to correctly identify simulated damage. It is found experimentally that nonpermanent damage in the form of removable putty as well as permanent damage in the form of corrosion and cuts are all identifiable in thin aluminum plate test structures without direct comparison to baseline data when implementing the instantaneous baseline method. C1 [Anton, Steven R.; Inman, Daniel J.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Park, Gyuhae] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anton, SR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ctr Intelligent Mat Syst & Struct, 310 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 8 BP 1952 EP 1964 DI 10.2514/1.43252 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 478RV UT WOS:000268606900013 ER PT J AU Gibbs, GV Wallace, AF Cox, DF Downs, RT Ross, NL Rosso, KM AF Gibbs, G. V. Wallace, A. F. Cox, D. F. Downs, R. T. Ross, N. L. Rosso, K. M. TI Bonded interactions in silica polymorphs, silicates, and siloxane molecules SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Review DE Bonded interactions; electron density distributions; silica; coesite; quartz; stishovite; cristobalite; siloxane ID ELECTRON-DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; CRITICAL-POINT PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL-BOND; EARTH MATERIALS; CHARGE-DENSITY; SIO BOND; X-RAY; LOCALIZATION FUNCTION; FRAMEWORK STRUCTURES; POPULATION ANALYSIS AB Experimental model electron density distributions obtained for the silica polymorphs coesite and stishovite are comparable with electron density distributions calculated for various silicates and siloxane molecules. The Si-O bond lengths and Si-O-Si angles calculated with First-principles density functional theory methods as a function of pressure are also comparable with the bond lengths and angles observed for coesite and quartz within the experimental error. The similarity of the topological properties of the Si-O bonded interactions and the experimental and the geometry-optimized structures for the silica polymorphs provide a basis for understanding the properties and crystal chemistry of silica. The agreement supports the argument that the bulk of the structural and physical properties of the silica polymorphs are intrinsic properties of molecular-like coordination polyhedra such that the silica polymorphs can be pictured as "supermolecules" of silica bound by virtually the same forces that bind the Si and O atoms in simple siloxane molecules. The topology of the electron density distribution is consistent with the assertion that the Si-O bonded interaction arises from the net electrostatic attraction exerted on the nuclei by the electron density accumulated between the Si and O atoms. The correlation between the Si-O bond length and Si-O-Si angle is ascribed to the progressive local concentration of the electron density in the nonbonded lone pair region of the O atom rather than to a bonded interaction that involves the d-orbitals on Si. The accumulation of deformation electron density, del rho(r), in the bonded and nonbonded regions of the Si-O bond, the close proximity of the bond critical point, r(c), of the bond with the nodal surface of the Laplacian and the negative value of the total energy density are taken as evidence that the bond has a nontrivial component of shared character. For M-O bonded interactions for first and second row metal atoms bonded to O, del(2)rho(r(c)) is positive and increases linearly as rho(r(c)) and G(r(c))/rho(r(c)) both increase and as the value of H(r(c)) decreases; the greater the shared character of the interaction, the larger the values of both del(2)rho(r(c)) and G(r(c))/rho(r(c)). In addition, a mapping of del(2)rho(r) serves to highlight those Lewis base domains that are susceptible to electrophilic attack by H, like the O atoms in coesite involved in bent Si-O-Si angles; the narrower the angle, the greater the affinity for H. On the basis of the net charges conferred on the Si and O atoms and the bonded radii of the two atoms, the Si-O bond for stishovite, with six-coordinated Si and three-coordinated O, is indicated to be more ionic in character than that in quartz with four-coordinated Si and two-coordinated O. Unlike the conclusion reached for ionic and crystal radii, it is the bonded radius of the O atom that increases with the increasing coordination number of Si, not the radius of the Si atom. The modeling of the electron density distributions for quartz, coesite, and beryl as a function of pressure suggests that the shared character of the bonded interactions in these minerals increases slightly with increasing pressure. The insight provided by the calculations and the modeling of the electron density distributions and the structures of the silica polymorphs bodes well for future Earth materials studies that are expected to improve and clarify our understanding of the connection between properties and structure within the framework of quantum mechanical observables, to find new and improved uses for the materials and to enhance our understanding of crystal chemistry and chemical reactions of materials in their natural environment at the atomic level. C1 [Gibbs, G. V.; Wallace, A. F.; Ross, N. L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Cox, D. F.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Downs, R. T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Rosso, K. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rosso, K. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gibbs, GV (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Geosci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ggibbs@vt.edu RI Wallace, Adam/A-9976-2012 FU National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy [EAR-0609885, FAR-0609906, DE-FG02-97ER14751]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geoscience Division and computational facilities; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. DOE Office ofBiological and Environmental Research [DEAC06-76RLO 1830] FX The National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy are thanked for supporting this study with Grants EAR-0609885 (N.L.R. and G.VG.), FAR-0609906(R.T.D.). and DE-FG02-97ER14751 (D.F.C.). K.M.R. acknowledges agrant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geoscience Division and computational facilities and support from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The computations were performed in part at the EMSL at PNNL. The EMSL is a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE Office ofBiological and Environmental Research. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DEAC06-76RLO 1830. G.V.G. owes a debt to his good friend and colleague Richard Bader for forging his elegant theory on the topology of electron density distributions and in particularly for his patience in responding to his many entails seeking advice and help in understanding the science. we are pleased to acknowledge Mauro Prencipe of the University of Torino for reviewing the manuscript and for making several important suggestions that clearly improved the manuscript. We also thank a second reviewer who urged that we make a statement at the beginning of the manuscript, giving the reader an overview of the contents of the paper. It was a good idea and we thank the reviewer for the suggestion. Color in figures courtesy of MSA Color Fund. NR 111 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 35 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2009 VL 94 IS 8-9 BP 1085 EP 1102 DI 10.2138/am.2009.3215 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 485AR UT WOS:000269093200001 ER PT J AU Zhu, ML Bendiak, B Clowers, B Hill, HH AF Zhu, Maolei Bendiak, Brad Clowers, Brian Hill, Herbert H., Jr. TI Ion mobility-mass spectrometry analysis of isomeric carbohydrate precursor ions SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Carbohydrate isomers; Separation; Precursor ions; Tandem mass spectrometry; Ion mobility spectrometry ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SEPARATION; GLYCOSYLATION; DISACCHARIDES; DIFFERENTIATION; TIME; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROGENEITY; EMBRYOGENESIS AB The rapid separation of isomeric precursor ions of oligosaccharides prior to their analysis by mass spectrometry to the nth power (MS (n) ) was demonstrated using an ambient pressure ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) interfaced with a quadrupole ion trap. Separations were not limited to specific types of isomers; representative isomers differing solely in the stereochemistry of sugars, in their anomeric configurations, and in their overall branching patterns and linkage positions could be resolved in the millisecond time frame. Physical separation of precursor ions permitted independent mass spectra of individual oligosaccharide isomers to be acquired to at least MS(3), the number of stages of dissociation limited only practically by the abundance of specific product ions. IMS-MS (n) analysis was particularly valuable in the evaluation of isomeric oligosaccharides that yielded identical sets of product ions in tandem mass spectrometry experiments, revealing pairs of isomers that would otherwise not be known to be present in a mixture if evaluated solely by MS dissociation methods alone. A practical example of IMS-MS(n) analysis of a set of isomers included within a single high-performance liquid chromatography fraction of oligosaccharides released from bovine submaxillary mucin is described. C1 [Zhu, Maolei; Hill, Herbert H., Jr.] Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. [Bendiak, Brad] Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Dev Biol, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Bendiak, Brad] Univ Colorado Denver, Hlth Sci Ctr, Biomol Struct Program, Aurora, CO 80045 USA. [Clowers, Brian] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hill, HH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM hhhill@wsu.edu FU NIH [5R21RR02004602]; NSF [CHE0137986] FX This work was supported by a grant from NIH (#5R21RR02004602). Partial support of the preliminary studies was also from an NSF grant (CHE0137986). Thermo Finnigan provided the LCQ Deca quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer that made this study possible. NR 32 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 394 IS 7 BP 1853 EP 1867 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2865-y PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 470SP UT WOS:000268000600016 PM 19562326 ER PT J AU Li, N Tang, H Gai, HW Dong, XL Wang, Q Yeung, ES AF Li, Nan Tang, Hui Gai, Hongwei Dong, Xiuling Wang, Qi Yeung, Edward S. TI Determination of protein surface excess on a liquid/solid interface by single-molecule counting SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Single-molecule imaging; Protein adsorption; Hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface; Surface excess ID BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; SILICA-WATER INTERFACE; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NEUTRON REFLECTION; SOLID-SURFACES; LONG-RANGE; ADSORPTION-KINETICS; SOLUTION PH; LYSOZYME AB Determination of protein surface excess is an important way of evaluating the properties of biomaterials and the characteristics of biosensors. A single-molecule counting method is presented that uses a standard fluorescence microscope to measure coverage of a liquid/solid interface by adsorbed proteins. The extremely low surface excess of lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA), in a bulk concentration range from 0.3 nmol L(-1) (0.02 mu g mL(-1)) to 3 nmol L(-1) (0.2 mu g mL(-1)), were measured by recording the counts of spatially isolated single molecules on either hydrophilic (glass) or hydrophobic (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) surfaces at different pH. The differences observed in amounts of adsorbed proteins under different experimental conditions can be qualitatively explained by the combined interactions of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. This, in turn, implies that single- molecule counting is an effective way of measuring surface coverage at a liquid/solid interface. C1 [Gai, Hongwei] Hunan Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Yeung, Edward S.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Yeung, Edward S.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Qi] Dalian Med Univ, Hosp Affiliated 2, Dalian 116023, Peoples R China. [Dong, Xiuling] Dalian Third Municipal Hosp, Dalian 116033, Peoples R China. [Gai, Hongwei] Hunan Univ, State Key Lab Chemobiosensing & Chemometr, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Li, Nan; Tang, Hui; Gai, Hongwei; Yeung, Edward S.] Hunan Univ, Ctr Biomed Engn, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. RP Gai, HW (reprint author), Hunan Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, A202, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. EM gaihw@hnu.cn FU Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [20705007, 30570479, 30670532]; Hunan University "985" Fund FX The authors are grateful to the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 20705007, 30570479, 30670532) and the Hunan University "985" Fund for financial support. NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 394 IS 7 BP 1879 EP 1885 DI 10.1007/s00216-009-2888-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 470SP UT WOS:000268000600018 PM 19543884 ER PT J AU Stewart, ME Yao, JM Maria, J Gray, SK Rogers, JA Nuzzo, RG AF Stewart, Matthew E. Yao, Jimin Maria, Joana Gray, Stephen K. Rogers, John A. Nuzzo, Ralph G. TI Multispectral Thin Film Biosensing and Quantitative Imaging Using 3D Plasmonic Crystals SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NANOSCALE OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; REAL-TIME; DISTANCE-DEPENDENCE; METAL NANOPARTICLES; MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS; SPR BIOSENSORS; SURFACE AB This work provides plasmortic crystal platforms for quantitative imaging mode biosensing and multispectral immunoassays, establishing and validating both the optical and equilibrium bases for their operation. We investigated the distance-dependent refractive index sensitivity of full 3D plasmonic crystals to thin polymeric films formed using layer by layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes as a model system. LbL was also used to determine the preferred gold thickness and plasmonic crystal design rules (nanowell diameter and periodicity) for improved thin-film sensitivity, and full 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations were used to quantitatively model and confirm the experimentally observed thin film sensitivities. The integrated multispectral response of the crystals increases approximately linearly with film thickness for values <70 nm, which enables the use of molecular rulers with known thicknesses (such as self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols on gold) to calibrate these optics for quantitative detection and speciation of surface binding events in a multiplexed imaging format. The utility of these sensors and multispectral analysis for applications in quantitative biosensing was further demonstrated by measuring the equilibrium response curve of an antibody/antigen pair (rabbit antigoat IgG/goat IgG) at increasing antigen concentrations. Fitting the integrated response to a langmuir isotherm yielded a calculated binding constant on the order of similar to 10(7) M-1, which is in agreement with the affinity constants reported in the literature for anti-IgG/IgG binding pairs and provides intrinsic detection limits of similar to 400 pM for such unamplified assays. C1 [Stewart, Matthew E.; Rogers, John A.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yao, Jimin; Maria, Joana; Rogers, John A.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Gray, Stephen K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nuzzo, RG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM r-nuzzo@illinois.edu RI Rogers, John /L-2798-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-91-ER45439, DE-FG02-07ER46453, DE-FG02-07ER46471]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX M.E.S. and J.Y. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DEFG02-91-ER45439). This work was carried out in part in the Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, University of Illinois, which are partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG02-07ER46453 and DE-FG02-07ER46471. The work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We also thank Christopher R. Anderton for assisting with the layer by layer assembly and taking spectral measurements. NR 78 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 15 BP 5980 EP 5989 DI 10.1021/ac900819j PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 476PV UT WOS:000268455600006 PM 19591455 ER PT J AU Wang, GF Driskell, JD Porter, MD Lipert, RJ AF Wang, Gufeng Driskell, Jeremy D. Porter, Marc D. Lipert, Robert J. TI Control of Antigen Mass Transport via Capture Substrate Rotation: Binding Kinetics and Implications on Immunoassay Speed and Detection Limits SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-BINDING; FORCE MICROSCOPY; GOLD SURFACES; DIFFUSION; BIOSENSOR; PROTEIN; LIMITATION; MONOLAYERS; MODEL; SHEAR AB In conventional heterogeneous immunoassays, assay speed is usually limited by the rate of mass transport, i.e., diffusion of antigen to an antibody-coated surface. We previously demonstrated that assay speed can be significantly increased, without losing analytical sensitivity, by rapidly rotating the capture substrate, which decreases the thickness of the diffusion layer. In this work, we raised the rotation speed and observed that the capture of antigens deviates from the mass transport-limited assumption. To examine this issue, a general equation was derived for the rate of immuno-reaction on a rotating capture surface that takes into account both diffusion and the rate of reaction between antigen and antibody, which applies over a wide range of rotation rates. Results show that by vigorously rotating the substrate, the binding of antigens reaches a regime of intermediate binding kinetics, for which mass transport is comparable to the reaction rate. With this general solution, we are able to determine the two important binding kinetics parameters: the diffusion coefficient and the reaction rate constant. Then, using porcine parvovirus as an example, we use these parameters to investigate the limit of the assay speed and the limit of detection achievable on a practical time scale through numerical simulations of the kinetic binding curves for various assay conditions. C1 [Lipert, Robert J.] Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lipert, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM blipert@ameslab.gov RI Wang, Gufeng/B-3972-2011; Lipert, Robert/A-8571-2009; OI Driskell, Jeremy/0000-0001-5082-898X FU USDA-NADC; University of Utah Nano Institute of Utah; Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Iowa State University; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Julia Ridpath and co-workers at USDA-NADC for providing the viruses used in this study. This work was funded through a grant from the USDA-NADC and by a grant from the University of Utah Nano Institute of Utah and by the Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Iowa State University. The Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University under U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 15 BP 6175 EP 6185 DI 10.1021/ac900704t PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 476PV UT WOS:000268455600029 PM 19572706 ER PT J AU Lopez-Ferrer, D Hixson, KK Smallwood, H Squier, TC Petritis, K Smith, RD AF Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel Hixson, Kim K. Smallwood, Heather Squier, Thomas C. Petritis, Konstantinos Smith, Richard D. TI Evaluation of a High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound-Immobilized Trypsin Digestion and O-18-Labeling Method for Quantitative Proteomics SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXPRESSION PROTEOMICS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SAMPLE; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; ENHANCEMENT; EFFICIENCY; EXCHANGE; MODEL AB A new method that uses immobilized trypsin concomitant with ultrasonic irradiation results in ultrarapid digestion and more thorough O-18 labeling for quantitative protein comparisons. The method was reproducible and provided effective digestions within < 1 min with lower amounts of enzyme, compared to traditional methods. This method was demonstrated for digestion of both simple and complex protein mixtures, including bovine serum albumin, a global proteome extract from the bacteria Shewanella oneidensis, and mouse plasma, as well as O-18 labeling of complex protein mixtures, validating this method for differential proteomic measurements. This approach is simple, reproducible, cost-effective, rapid, and well suited for automation. C1 [Lopez-Ferrer, Daniel; Smallwood, Heather; Squier, Thomas C.; Petritis, Konstantinos; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hixson, Kim K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,MSIN-K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rds@pnl.gov RI Petritis, Konstantinos/F-2156-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NIH National Center for Research Resources [RR018522]; NIH National Cancer Institute [R21 CA12619-01]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX The authors thank Dr. Tyler Heibeck, Dr. Weijun Qian, Dr. Matthew Monroe, Angela Norbeck, and Penny Colton for their helpful assistance and suggestions. Moreover, the EMSL High-Throughput Proteomics group for technical assistance in the mass spectrometry portion of this work. Portions of this work were supported by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (RR018522), NIH National Cancer Institute (R21 CA12619-01), and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's (PNNL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle, under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 15 BP 6272 EP 6277 DI 10.1021/ac802540s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 476PV UT WOS:000268455600041 PM 19555078 ER PT J AU Shvartsburg, AA Smith, RD Wilks, A Koehl, A Ruiz-Alonso, D Boyle, B AF Shvartsburg, Alexandre A. Smith, Richard D. Wilks, Ashley Koehl, Andrew Ruiz-Alonso, David Boyle, Billy TI Ultrafast Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry at Extreme Electric Fields in Multichannel Microchips SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASYMMETRIC WAVE-FORMS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; DRIFT GAS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PEAK-CAPACITY; FAIMS-MS; TEMPERATURE; RESOLUTION; SEPARATION AB The maximum electric field intensity (E) in field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) analyses was doubled to E > 60 kV/cm. In earlier devices with > 0.5 mm gaps, such strong fields cause electrical breakdown for nearly all gases at ambient pressure. As the Paschen curves are sublinear, thinner gaps permit higher E: here, we established 61 kV/cm in N(2) using microchips with 35 mu m gaps. As FAIMS efficiency is exceptionally sensitive to E, such values can in theory accelerate analyses at equal resolution by over an order of magnitude. Here we demonstrate FAIMS filtering in similar to 20 mu s or similar to 1% of the previously needed time, with a resolving power of about half that for "macroscopic" units but sufficing for many applications. Microscopic gaps enable concurrent ion processing in multiple (here, 47) channels, which greatly relaxes the charge capacity constraints of planar FAIMS designs. These chips were integrated with a beta-radiation ion source and charge detector. The separation performance is in line with first-principles modeling that accounts for high-field and anisotropic ion diffusion. By extending FAIMS operation into the previously inaccessible field range, the present instrument advances the capabilities for research into ion transport and expands options for separation of hard-to-resolve species. C1 [Shvartsburg, Alexandre A.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wilks, Ashley; Koehl, Andrew; Ruiz-Alonso, David; Boyle, Billy] Owlstone Ltd, Cambridge CB4 0GD, England. RP Shvartsburg, AA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU Battelle Independent RD program; NIH NCRR; PNNL LDRD FX Portions of this work were supported by the Battelle Independent R&D program, NIH NCRR, and PNNL LDRD-funded Initiative for Explosives Detection. We thank Drs. E. G. Nazarov and L. Jamieson for their data on DMMP ions and Drs. K. Tang and D. Toutoungi for insightful discussions. NR 49 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 81 IS 15 BP 6489 EP 6495 DI 10.1021/ac900892u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 476PV UT WOS:000268455600067 PM 19583243 ER PT J AU Lyczkowski, RW Alevriadou, BR Horner, M Panchal, CB Shroff, SG AF Lyczkowski, Robert W. Alevriadou, B. Rita Horner, Marc Panchal, Chandrakant B. Shroff, Sanjeev G. TI Application of Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics to Analyze Monocyte Adhesion SO ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE U937 cells; Wall shear stress; Atherosclerosis; Monolayer; Population balance; Bell model ID SHEAR-STRESS GRADIENTS; BACKWARD-FACING STEP; 3-DIMENSIONAL FLOW MODEL; CELL-ADHESION; E-SELECTIN; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; LEUKOCYTE ADHESION; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; TEMPORAL GRADIENTS; CORONARY-ARTERY AB Study of the mechanisms of monocyte adhesion initiating atheroslerotic lesions has engaged investigators for decades. Single-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses fail to account for particulate migration. Consequently, inconsistencies arise when correlating adhesion with wall shear stress (WSS). The purpose of this paper is to present, to our knowledge, the first computational analysis of in vitro U937 monocyte-like human cell adhesion data using a coupled multiphase CFD-population balance adhesion model. The CFD model incorporates multiphase non-Newtonian hemodynamic models to compute the spatial distributions of freely flowing monocytes and WSSs in control volumes adjacent to the wall. Measurements of monocyte adhesion onto an E-selectin-coated flow model that included an idealized stenosis and an abrupt expansion were available from the literature. In this study, we develop a new monolayer population balance adhesion model, based on the widely accepted mechanism of ligand-receptor binding, coupled to the CFD results. The monolayer population balance model accounts for the interactions of freely flowing, rolling, and adhering monocytes with surfaces via first-order reactions, transport of rolling cells in the monolayer, and the concept of a WSS detachment threshold, clearly evident in the adhesion experiments. The new paradigm of coupling the multiphase hemodynamic CFD model with the proposed adhesion model is illustrated by determining and interpreting the model parameters for experimental datasets having Reynolds numbers of 100 and 140. The coupled multiphase CFD adhesion model is able to simultaneously predict the spatial variations in freely flowing monocytes, their adherent number density, and carrier fluid WSSs adjacent to ligand-coated flow cell surfaces. C1 [Lyczkowski, Robert W.; Panchal, Chandrakant B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Alevriadou, B. Rita] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Horner, Marc] ANSYS Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Shroff, Sanjeev G.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Alevriadou, B. Rita] Ohio State Univ, Dept Internal Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Lyczkowski, RW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rlyczkowski@anl.gov RI Alevriadou, Barbara/E-2628-2011 FU McGinnis Chair Endowed Funds (SGS) FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Monica Hinds, Oregon Health and Science University Biomedical Engineering, for providing us with the original cell adhesion data from her Ph. D. work. This research was partially supported by the McGinnis Chair Endowed Funds (SGS). NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-6964 J9 ANN BIOMED ENG JI Ann. Biomed. Eng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1516 EP 1533 DI 10.1007/s10439-009-9729-7 PG 18 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA 469JO UT WOS:000267894100003 PM 19521774 ER PT J AU Hudson, NH Ougouag, AM Rahnema, F Gougar, H AF Hudson, Nathanael H. Ougouag, Abderrafi M. Rahnema, Farzad Gougar, Hans TI A Pebble Bed Reactor cross section methodology SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB A method is presented for the evaluation of microscopic cross sections for the Pebble Bed Reactor (PBR) neutron diffusion computational models during convergence to an equilibrium (asymptotic) fuel cycle. This method considers the isotopics within a core spectral zone and the leakages from such a zone as they arise during reactor operation. The randomness of the spatial distribution of fuel grains within the fuel pebbles and that of the fuel and moderator pebbles within the core, the double heterogeneity of the fuel, and the indeterminate burnup of the spectral zones all pose a unique challenge for the computation of the local microscopic cross sections. As prior knowledge of the equilibrium composition and leakage is not available, it is necessary to repeatedly re-compute the group constants with updated zone information. A method is presented to account for local spectral zone composition and leakage effects without resorting to frequent spectrum code calls. Fine group data are pre-computed for a range of isotopic states. Microscopic cross sections and zone nuclide number densities are used to construct fine group macroscopic cross sections, which, together with fission spectra, flux modulation factors, and zone buckling, are used in the solution of the slowing down balance to generate a new or updated spectrum. The microscopic cross-sections are then re-collapsed with the new spectrum for the local spectral zone. This technique is named the Spectral History Correction (SHC) method. it is found that this method accurately recalculates local broad group microscopic cross sections. Significant improvement in the core eigen-value, flux, and power peaking factor is observed when the local cross sections are corrected for the effects of the spectral zone composition and leakage in two-dimensional PBR test problems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hudson, Nathanael H.; Rahnema, Farzad] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Nucl & Radiol Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Hudson, Nathanael H.; Rahnema, Farzad] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Med Phys Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ougouag, Abderrafi M.; Gougar, Hans] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Rahnema, F (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Nucl & Radiol Engn Program, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM farzad@gatech.edu OI Ougouag, Abderrafi/0000-0003-4436-380X NR 15 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1138 EP 1150 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2009.04.013 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 489KU UT WOS:000269419800018 ER PT J AU Ganapol, BD Kornreich, DE AF Ganapol, Barry D. Kornreich, Drew E. TI Three-dimensional transport theory: An analytical solution for the internal beam searchlight problem, II SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB Multidimensional semi-analytical particle transport benchmarks to provide highly accurate standards of assessment are few and far between. Because of a well-established 1D theory for the analytical solution of the transport equation, it is sometimes possible however, to "bootstrap" 1D solutions to give more comprehensive solution representations. Here, we propose the internal searchlight problem in a half space, designated ISLP/HS, as a multidimensional benchmark to be constructed from 1D solutions. This is a variation of the usual SLP/HS where a source emits within the half space rather than striking its surface. Our primary interest is in the exiting intensity at the free surface established through a new Fn formulation. The benchmark features true 2/3D particle transport through integration of a point kernel to simulate 2/3D source emission. In this way, we accommodate a solid or hollow cylindrical source and a general line source in addition to the standard point, ring and disk sources featured in previous investigations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganapol, Barry D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kornreich, Drew E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ganapol, BD (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM ganapol@cowboy.ame.arizona.edu; drewek@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1242 EP 1255 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2009.01.021 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 489KU UT WOS:000269419800030 ER PT J AU Bedaque, PF D'Incao, JP AF Bedaque, Paulo F. D'Incao, Jose P. TI Superfluid phases of the three-species fermion gas SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cold gases; Atomic traps; Many-body physics; Efimov effect; Three-body problem; Fermion gas ID RESONANTLY-INTERACTING PARTICLES; LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; ATOMS; STATES AB We discuss the zero temperature phase diagram of a dilute gas with three fermionic species. We make use of solvable limits to conjecture the behavior of the system in the "unitary" regions. The physics of the Thomas-Efimov effect plays a role in these considerations. We find a rich phase diagram with superfluid, gapless superfluid and inhomogeneous phases with different symmetry breaking patterns. We then discuss one particular possible experimental implementation in a system of Li-6 atoms and the possible phases arising in this system as an external magnetic field is varied across three overlapping Feshbach resonances. We also suggest how to experimentally distinguish the different phases. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bedaque, Paulo F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bedaque, Paulo F.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Bedaque, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bedaque@umd.edu; jpdincao@jila.colorado.edu RI D'Incao, Jose/B-1289-2010 NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 324 IS 8 BP 1763 EP 1768 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2009.02.005 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 473EC UT WOS:000268187800010 ER PT J AU Zhang, YB Monchy, S Greenberg, B Mergeay, M Gang, O Taghavi, S van der Lelie, D AF Zhang, Yian-Biao Monchy, Sebastien Greenberg, Bill Mergeay, Max Gang, Oleg Taghavi, Safiyh van der Lelie, Daniel TI ArsR arsenic-resistance regulatory protein from Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Work with Strain CH34 CY APR, 2008 CL Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Mol, BELGIUM HO Belgian Nucl Res Ctr DE Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34; Arsenic resistance; ArsR; Gene expression; Metal binding ID AUREUS PLASMID PI258; HEAVY-METALS; OPERON; REDUCTION; KINETICS; GENES AB The Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 arsR gene, which is part of the arsRIC (2) BC (1) HP operon, and its putative arsenic-resistance regulatory protein were identified and characterized. The arsenic-induced transcriptome of C. metallidurans CH34 showed that the genes most upregulated in the presence of arsenate were all located within the ars operon, with none of the other numerous heavy metal resistance systems present in CH34 being induced. A transcriptional fusion between the luxCDABE operon and the arsR promoter/operator (P/O) region was used to confirm the in vivo induction of the ars operon by arsenite and arsenate. The arsR gene was cloned into expression vectors allowing for the overexpression of the ArsR protein as either his-tagged or untagged protein. The ability of the purified ArsR proteins to bind to the ars P/O region was analyzed in vitro by gel mobility shift assays. ArsR showed an affinity almost exclusively to its own ars P/O region. Dissociation of ArsR and its P/O region was metal dependent, and based on decreasing degrees of dissociation three groups of heavy metals could be distinguished: As(III), Bi(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II); Cd(II); Pb(II) and Zn(II), while no dissociation was observed in the presence of As(V). C1 [Zhang, Yian-Biao; Monchy, Sebastien; Greenberg, Bill; Taghavi, Safiyh; van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gang, Oleg] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Monchy, Sebastien; Mergeay, Max] CEN SCK, Microbiol Lab, Ctr Studies Nucl Energy, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vdlelied@bnl.gov RI Mergeay, Max/H-2003-2011 NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10482-009-9313-z PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 476WW UT WOS:000268478500005 PM 19238575 ER PT J AU Taghavi, S Lesaulnier, C Monchy, S Wattiez, R Mergeay, M van der Lelie, D AF Taghavi, Safiyh Lesaulnier, Celine Monchy, Sebastien Wattiez, Ruddy Mergeay, Max van der Lelie, Daniel TI Lead(II) resistance in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34: interplay between plasmid and chromosomally-located functions SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Work with Strain CH34 CY APR, 2008 CL Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Mol, BELGIUM HO Belgian Nucl Res Ctr DE Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34; Lead (II) resistance; pbrUTRABCD operon; zntA; pbrR(2) cadA pbrC(2); Gene expression ID P-TYPE ATPASES; RALSTONIA-METALLIDURANS; HEAVY-METALS; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; STRAIN CH34; GENES; COORDINATION; PROTEIN AB Proteome and transcriptome analysis, combined with mutagenesis, were used to better understand the response of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 against lead(II). Structural Pb(II)-resistance genes of the pMOL30-encoded pbrUTRABCD operon formed the major line of defense against Pb(II). However, several general stress response mechanisms under the control of alternative sigma factors such as sigma 24/rpoK, sigma 32/rpoH and sigma 28/fliA were also induced. In addition, the expression of the pbrR (2) cadA pbrC (2) operon of the CMGI-1 region and the chromosomally encoded zntA were clearly induced in the presence of Pb(II), although their respective gene products were not detected via proteomics. After inactivation of the pbrA, pbrB or pbrD genes, the expression of the pbrR (2) cadA pbrC (2) operon went up considerably. This points towards synergistic interactions between pbrUTRABCD and pbrR (2) cadA pbrC (2) to maintain a low intracellular Pb(II) concentration, where pbrR (2) cadA pbrC (2) gene functions can complement and compensate for the mutations in the pbrA and pbrD genes. This role of zntA and cadA to complement for the loss of pbrA was further confirmed by mutation analysis. The pbrBa center dot Tn(Km2) mutation resulted in the most significant decrease of Pb(II) resistance, indicating that Pb(II) sequestration, avoiding re-entry of this toxic metal ion, forms a critical step in the pbr-encoded Pb(II) resistance mechanism. C1 [Taghavi, Safiyh; Lesaulnier, Celine; Monchy, Sebastien; van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Monchy, Sebastien; Mergeay, Max] CEN SCK, Belgian Ctr Nucl Energy, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Wattiez, Ruddy] Univ Mons, Serv Chim Biol, B-7000 Mons, Belgium. RP van der Lelie, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vdlelied@bnl.gov RI Mergeay, Max/H-2003-2011 NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 171 EP 182 DI 10.1007/s10482-008-9289-0 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 476WW UT WOS:000268478500006 PM 18953667 ER PT J AU Van der Auwera, GA Krol, JE Suzuki, H Foster, B Van Houdt, R Brown, CJ Mergeay, M Top, EM AF Van der Auwera, Geraldine A. Krol, Jaroslaw E. Suzuki, Haruo Foster, Brian Van Houdt, Rob Brown, Celeste J. Mergeay, Max Top, Eva M. TI Plasmids captured in C. metallidurans CH34: defining the PromA family of broad-host-range plasmids SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Work with Strain CH34 CY APR, 2008 CL Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Mol, BELGIUM HO Belgian Nucl Res Ctr DE Plasmid; Horizontal gene transfer; Broad host range; Transposon ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENETIC ORGANIZATION; DEGRADING BACTERIUM; MOBILIZING PLASMIDS; WHEAT RHIZOSPHERE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; POLLUTED SOILS; DNA; EVOLUTION; TRANSPOSONS AB The self-transmissible, broad-host-range (BHR) plasmid pMOL98 was previously isolated from polluted soil using a triparental plasmid capture approach and shown to possess a replicon similar to that of the BHR plasmids pSB102 and pIPO2. Here, complete sequence analysis and comparative genomics reveal that the 55.5 kb nucleotide sequence of pMOL98 shows extensive sequence similarity and synteny with the BHR plasmid family that now includes pIPO2, pSB102, pTER331, and pMRAD02. They share a plasmid backbone comprising replication, partitioning and conjugative transfer functions. Comparison of the variable accessory regions of these plasmids shows that the majority of natural transposons, as well as the mini-transposon used to mark the plasmids, are inserted in the parA locus. The transposon unique to pMOL98 appears to have inserted from the chromosome of the recipient strain used in the plasmid capture procedure. This demonstrates the necessity for careful screening of plasmids and host chromosomes to avoid mis-interpretation of plasmid genome content. The presence of very similar BHR plasmids with different accessory genes in geographically distinct locations suggests an important role in horizontal gene exchange and bacterial adaptation for this recently defined plasmid group, which we propose to name "PromA". C1 [Van der Auwera, Geraldine A.; Krol, Jaroslaw E.; Suzuki, Haruo; Brown, Celeste J.; Top, Eva M.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Van der Auwera, Geraldine A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Foster, Brian] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Van Houdt, Rob; Mergeay, Max] CEN SCK, Belgian Ctr Nucl Energy, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP Top, EM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, POB 443051, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM evatop@uidaho.edu RI Van der Auwera, Geraldine/B-2097-2010; Mergeay, Max/H-2003-2011; Van der Auwera, Geraldine/N-7486-2013; Van Houdt, Rob/B-8599-2011 OI Van Houdt, Rob/0000-0002-7459-496X NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s10482-009-9316-9 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 476WW UT WOS:000268478500008 PM 19259779 ER PT J AU Van Houdt, R Monchy, S Leys, N Mergeay, M AF Van Houdt, Rob Monchy, Sebastien Leys, Natalie Mergeay, Max TI New mobile genetic elements in Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34, their possible roles and occurrence in other bacteria SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Work with Strain CH34 CY APR, 2008 CL Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Mol, BELGIUM HO Belgian Nucl Res Ctr DE Genomic islands; Tn4371; Tyrosine-based site-specific recombinase; Integrase; Heavy metals; Chemolithotrophy; Transposon; Annotation; Synteny ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CATABOLIC TRANSPOSON TN5271; RALSTONIA-METALLIDURANS; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; GENOME SEQUENCE; SP-NOV.; LINEAR ALKYLBENZENESULFONATE; METAL RESISTANCE; HEAVY-METALS AB Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34 is a beta-Proteobacterium that thrives in low concentrations of heavy metals. The genetic determinants of resistance to heavy metals are located on its two chromosomes, and are particularly abundant in the two megaplasmids, pMOL28 and pMOL30. We explored the involvement of mobile genetic elements in acquiring these and others traits that might be advantageous in this strain using genome comparison of Cupriavidus/Ralstonia strains and related beta-Proteobacteria. At least eleven genomic islands were identified on the main replicon, three on pMOL28 and two on pMOL30. Multiple islands contained genes for heavy metal resistance or other genetic determinants putatively responding to harsh environmental conditions. However, cryptic elements also were noted. New mobile genetic elements (or variations of known ones) were identified through synteny analysis, allowing the detection of mobile genetic elements outside the bias of a selectable marker. Tn4371-like conjugative transposons involved in chemolithotrophy and degradation of aromatic compounds were identified in strain CH34, while similar elements involved in heavy metal resistance were found in Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 and Bordetella petrii DSM12804. We defined new transposons, viz., Tn6048 putatively involved in the response to heavy metals and Tn6050 carrying accessory genes not classically associated with transposons. Syntenic analysis also revealed new transposons carrying metal response genes in Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, and other bacteria. Finally, other putative mobile elements, which were previously unnoticed but apparently common in several bacteria, were also revealed. This was the case for triads of tyrosine-based site-specific recombinases and for an int gene paired with a putative repressor and associated with chromate resistance. C1 [Van Houdt, Rob; Monchy, Sebastien; Leys, Natalie; Mergeay, Max] CEN SCK, Microbiol Unit, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Monchy, Sebastien] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mergeay, M (reprint author), CEN SCK, Microbiol Unit, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM mmergeay@sckcen.be RI Mergeay, Max/H-2003-2011; Van Houdt, Rob/B-8599-2011 OI Van Houdt, Rob/0000-0002-7459-496X NR 75 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 205 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s10482-009-9345-4 PG 22 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 476WW UT WOS:000268478500009 PM 19390985 ER PT J AU Diels, L Van Roy, S Taghavi, S Van Houdt, R AF Diels, Ludo Van Roy, Sandra Taghavi, Safyih Van Houdt, Rob TI From industrial sites to environmental applications with Cupriavidus metallidurans SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Work with Strain CH34 CY APR, 2008 CL Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, Mol, BELGIUM HO Belgian Nucl Res Ctr DE Anaerobic reactors; Bioavailability; Biosensors; Cupriavidus metallidurans; Heavy metals; Heavy metal resistance ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; MEMBRANE BIOFILM REACTOR; HEAVY-METALS; CHLORINATED AROMATICS; RESISTANCE; BACTERIA; SOIL; PLASMIDS; BIOREMEDIATION; PHYTOTOXICITY AB Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 and related strains are adapted to metal contaminated environments. A strong resistance to environmental stressors and adaptation make it ideal strains for survival in decreasing biodiversity conditions and for bioaugmentation purposes in environmental applications. The soil bacterium C. metallidurans is able to grow chemolithoautotrophically on hydrogen and carbon dioxide allowing a strong resilience under conditions lacking organic matter. The biofilm growth on soil particles allows coping with starvation or bad conditions of pH, temperature and pollutants. Its genomic capacity of two megaplasmids encoding several heavy metal resistance operons allowed growth in heavy metal contaminated habitats. In addition its specific siderophores seem to play a role in heavy metal sequestration besides their role in the management of bioavailable iron. Efflux ATPases and RND systems pump the metal cations to the membrane surface where polysaccharides serve as heavy metal binding and nucleation sites for crystallisation of metal carbonates. These polysaccharides contribute also to flotation under specific conditions in a soil-heavy metals-bacteria suspension mixture. An inoculated moving bed sand filter was constructed to treat heavy metal contaminated water and to remove the metals in the form of biomass mixed with metal carbonates. A membrane based contactor allowed to use the bacteria as well in a versatile wastewater treatment system and to grow homogeneously formed heavy metal carbonates. Its behaviour toward heavy metal binding and flotation was combined in a biometal sludge reactor to extract and separate heavy metals from metal contaminated soils. Finally its metal-induced heavy metal resistance allowed constructing whole cell heavy metal biosensors which, after contact with contaminated soil, waste, solids, minerals and ashes, were induced in function of the bioavailable concentration (Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Tl, Pb and Hg) in the solids and allowed to investigate the speciation of immobilization of those metals. C1 [Diels, Ludo; Van Roy, Sandra] Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, BU Separat & Convers Technol, Flemish Inst Technol Res, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Taghavi, Safyih] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Van Houdt, Rob] CEN SCK, Microbiol Unit, Belgian Nucl Res Ctr, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP Diels, L (reprint author), Vlaamse Instelling Technol Onderzoek, BU Separat & Convers Technol, Flemish Inst Technol Res, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. EM ludo.diels@vito.be RI Van Houdt, Rob/B-8599-2011 OI Van Houdt, Rob/0000-0002-7459-496X NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1007/s10482-009-9361-4 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 476WW UT WOS:000268478500011 PM 19582590 ER PT J AU Buric, MP Chen, KP Falk, J Woodruff, SD AF Buric, Michael P. Chen, Kevin P. Falk, Joel Woodruff, Steven D. TI Improved sensitivity gas detection by spontaneous Raman scattering SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC BANDGAP FIBERS; CRYSTAL FIBER; CORE; AIR AB Accurate, real-time measurement of the dilute constituents of a gaseous mixture poses a significant challenge usually relegated to mass spectrometry. Here, spontaneous Raman backscattering is used to detect low pressure molecular gases. Rapid detection of gases in the similar to 100 parts in 10(6) (ppm) range is described. Improved sensitivity is brought about by use of a hollow-core, photonic bandgap fiber gas cell in the backscattering configuration to increase collection efficiency and an image-plane aperture to greatly reduce silica-Raman background noise. Spatial and spectral properties of the silica noise were examined with a two-dimensional CCD detector array. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Buric, Michael P.; Chen, Kevin P.; Falk, Joel; Woodruff, Steven D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Buric, Michael P.; Chen, Kevin P.; Falk, Joel] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Falk, J (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM falk@engr.pitt.edu FU Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory research in Energy Systems and Dynamics under Research and Development Support (RDS) [DE-AC26-04NT41817]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [0639234] FX This technical effort was performed by support of the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory research in Energy Systems and Dynamics under Research and Development Support (RDS) contract DE-AC26-04NT41817 and from a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant 0639234. The authors thank Bruce Kang of West Virginia University for the loan of the two-dimensional detector array. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 48 IS 22 BP 4424 EP 4429 DI 10.1364/AO.48.004424 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 490BC UT WOS:000269470800025 PM 19649047 ER PT J AU Ma, ZX Holden, T Wang, ZMM Salamo, GJ Yu, PY Mao, SS AF Ma, Zhixun Holden, Todd Wang, Zhiming M. Salamo, Gregory J. Yu, Peter Y. Mao, Samuel S. TI Lateral and vertical ordered one-dimensional InGaAs/GaAs quantum structures SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DOT CHAINS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; WIRES; STRAIN; GAAS; GAAS(100); ISLANDS; (IN,GA)AS/GAAS(100) AB Lateral and vertical ordered one-dimensional quantum structures, i.e. InGaAs/GaAs(001) quantum dot chains and quantum wires, have been obtained using molecular beam epitaxy. It was found that the InGaAs wires or dot chains sit on two-dimensional wetting layers and run along the [-110] direction, as the result of anisotropic strain and in-plane adatom diffusion. This anisotropic nature produces a model system for studying the electronic properties of one-, two-, and three-dimensional quantum confinements and related optical responses. The strain anisotropy is of importance in determining the electronic states of the quantum structures and the surrounding strained barrier. The strain-induced effects, such as change of band-gap and splitting of heavy-light hole states, were studied experimentally and theoretically. Optical anisotropy of these quantum structures is also discussed. C1 [Ma, Zhixun; Yu, Peter Y.; Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holden, Todd] CUNY Queensborough Community Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 11364 USA. [Wang, Zhiming M.; Salamo, Gregory J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Ma, ZX (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM zxma@lbl.gov RI Wang, Zhiming/B-6320-2009; Wang, Zhiming/Q-1031-2015 FU National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy FX The authors wish to acknowledge the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy for a financial support. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 307 EP 315 DI 10.1007/s00339-009-5204-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 459IO UT WOS:000267095400004 ER PT J AU Ren, F Xiao, XH Cai, GX BoWang, J Jiang, CZ AF Ren, Feng Xiao, Xiang Heng Cai, Guang Xu BoWang, Jian Jiang, Chang Zhong TI Engineering embedded metal nanoparticles with ion beam technology SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PLASMON RESONANCE; CANCER-THERAPY; IMPLANTATION; SILICA; NANOCLUSTERS; SIO2; GLASS; CRYSTALLIZATION AB In this paper, we summarize our recent results of study on how to engineer the embedded metal nanoparticles in silica by ion implantation and ion irradiation technologies, including controlling the size, distribution and morphology of nanoparticles. The optical properties of the tailored nanoparticle composites are studied. Thermal annealing, electron beam irradiation, and chemical erosion are used to study the stability of these embedded nanoparticles by ex situ or in situ transmission electron microscopy observation. C1 [Ren, Feng; Xiao, Xiang Heng; Cai, Guang Xu; BoWang, Jian; Jiang, Chang Zhong] Wuhan Univ, Key Lab Acoust & Photon Mat & Devices, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Ren, Feng; Xiao, Xiang Heng; Cai, Guang Xu; BoWang, Jian; Jiang, Chang Zhong] Wuhan Univ, Dept Phys, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Ren, Feng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Wuhan Univ, Key Lab Acoust & Photon Mat & Devices, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM FRen@lbl.gov; czjiang@whu.edu.cn RI Ren, Feng/F-9778-2014; Jiang, Changzhong/O-6273-2014; OI Ren, Feng/0000-0002-9557-5995; xiao, xiangheng/0000-0001-9111-1619 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10435060, 10775109]; Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20050486054, 20070486069]; Young Chenguang Project of Wuhan City [200850731371] FX This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Nos. 10435060 and 10775109), by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education ( Nos. 20050486054, 20070486069), and by Young Chenguang Project of Wuhan City ( No. 200850731371). NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s00339-009-5205-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 459IO UT WOS:000267095400005 ER PT J AU Liu, D Fina, M Ren, L Mao, SS AF Liu, Deang Fina, Michael Ren, Li Mao, Samuel S. TI Enhanced luminance of organic light-emitting diodes with metal nanoparticle electron injection layer SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATED POLYMER; EMISSION; DEVICES AB Improvement of the performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) was achieved by implementing Magnesium-Nickel nanoparticles at the cathode-organic interface using pulsed laser deposition technique. The small geometry of Mg-Ni nanoparticles acts to enhance the localized electric field around them, thus increasing electron injection through tunneling, from the cathode to the organic layer. Improved current and luminance characteristics were demonstrated for both small molecule and polymer-based OLEDs when the nanoparticle layer was incorporated. C1 [Liu, Deang; Fina, Michael; Ren, Li; Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssmao@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research has been supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s00339-009-5199-x PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 459IO UT WOS:000267095400010 ER PT J AU Ma, ZX Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W Yu, PY Mao, SS AF Ma, Zhixun Yu, Kin Man Walukiewicz, Wladek Yu, Peter Y. Mao, Samuel S. TI Strain relaxation of CdTe films growing on lattice-mismatched substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM-EPITAXY; SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTORS; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; HOT-WALL EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH; EVOLUTION AB We have deposited CdTe films by laser-assisted epitaxy approach and investigated the influence of substrate and film thickness on the film properties. Grown on Si(001), GaAs(001), and quartz substrates; the CdTe films exhibit preferential orientation along the cubic CdTe(111) direction. When the films are thin (< 500 nm), a blueshift of the band gap and splitting of valence bands were observed. These results are attributed to the existence of residual strains induced by mismatch of the film lattice constant with that of the substrate, and by their difference in thermal expansion coefficients. The bulk band-gap energy of 1.5 eV was achieved on the surface of thick CdTe films grown on Si(001) substrate, indicating that strain was almost completely relaxed in this case. Our results demonstrate that by a proper selection of substrate and film thickness it is possible to grow film semiconductors with band gap approaching those of bulk crystals. C1 [Ma, Zhixun; Yu, Kin Man; Walukiewicz, Wladek; Yu, Peter Y.; Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, Peter Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mao, SS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ssmao@lbl.gov RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 FU U. S. Department of Energy [NNSA/NA-22, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research has been supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, NNSA/NA-22, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 96 IS 2 BP 379 EP 384 DI 10.1007/s00339-009-5195-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 459IO UT WOS:000267095400015 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Su, YF Valentine, NB Kreuzer-Martin, HW Wahl, KL Williams, SD Clowers, BH Wunschel, DS AF Johnson, Timothy J. Su, Yin-Fong Valentine, Nancy B. Kreuzer-Martin, Helen W. Wahl, Karen L. Williams, Stephen D. Clowers, Brian H. Wunschel, David S. TI The Infrared Spectra of Bacillus Bacteria Part I: Vegetative Bacillus versus Sporulated Cells and the Contributions of Phospholipids to Vegetative Infrared Spectra SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Infrared; Signatures; Bacteria; Bacillus; Endospores ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RESONANCE RAMAN-SPECTRA; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; FT-IR; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; DIPICOLINIC ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; PHOTOACOUSTIC-SPECTROSCOPY; CALCIUM DIPICOLINATE AB This paper highlights the distinctions between (he infrared (IR) absorption spectra or vegetative versus sporulated Bacillus bacteria. It is observed that there are unique signatures clearly associated with either the sporulated or vegetative state and that vegetative cells (or cell debris) can contribute to the spore spectra. A distinct feature at similar to 1739 cm(-1) appears to be unique to vegetative cell spectra and can also be used as an indicator of vegetative cells or cell debris in the spore spectra. The data indicate that the band arises from a lipid-soluble species such as an ester or phospholipid carbonyl bond and are consistent with it being either phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), two major classes of phospholipids found in vegetative cells of Bacillus species. A companion work discusses bands associated with the sporulated state. C1 [Johnson, Timothy J.; Su, Yin-Fong; Valentine, Nancy B.; Kreuzer-Martin, Helen W.; Wahl, Karen L.; Clowers, Brian H.; Wunschel, David S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Williams, Stephen D.] Appalachian State Univ, AR Smith Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Timothy.Johnson@pnl.gov RI Wunschel, David/F-3820-2010 FU U.S. Department of Energy; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; DOE's [NA-22] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers who aided in making this a stronger paper. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. This work was supported by DOE's NA-22 nuclear non-proliferation program and we are grateful for their continuing support. We thank B.J. Schnelle for stimulating discussions. NR 85 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 63 IS 8 BP 899 EP 907 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 483PR UT WOS:000268980300006 PM 19678986 ER PT J AU Johnson, TJ Williams, SD Valentine, NB Su, YF AF Johnson, Timothy J. Williams, Stephen D. Valentine, Nancy B. Su, Yin-Fong TI The Infrared Spectra of Bacillus Bacteria Part II: Sporulated Bacillus-The Effect of Vegetative Cells and Contributions of Calcium Dipicolinate Trihydrate, CaDP center dot 3H(2)O SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Infrared; Signatures; Bacteria; Bacillus; Endospores ID FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; NITRATE LIGANDS; TRANSFORM; SPORES; SUBTILIS; CLASSIFICATION AB Our previous paper showed that certain infrared (IR) peaks, e.g., the peak at 1739 cm(-1), are due to varying (trace) amounts of vegetative cells amongst the Bacillus spores and that these and other vegetative bands are associated with lipid-soluble compounds, likely an ester or phospholipid. This work investigates the infrared spectra of eight different sporulated Bacillus bacteria. For the endospores it is observed that peaks at 1441, 1277, and 1015 cm(-1) along with a distinct quartet of peaks at 766, 725, 701, and 659 cm-1 are clearly associated with calcium dipicolinate trihydrate, CaDP center dot 3H(2)O. It is emphasized that the spore peaks, especially the quartet, arise from the calcium dipicolinate trihydrate and not from dipicolinic acid or other dipicolinate hydrate salts. The CaDP center dot 3H(2)O infrared peaks and the effects of hydration are studied using quantum chemistry in the PQS software package. The quartet is associated with many modes including contributions from the Ca2+ counterion and hydration waters including Ca-O-H bends, H2O-Ca-O torsions, and O-C-O bends. The 1441 and 1015 cm(-1) modes are planar pyridine modes with the 1441 cm(-1) mode primarily a ring C-N stretch and the 1015 cm(-1) mode primarily a ring C-C stretch. C1 [Johnson, Timothy J.; Valentine, Nancy B.; Su, Yin-Fong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Williams, Stephen D.] Appalachian State Univ, AR Smith Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Johnson, TJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Timothy.Johnson@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; DOE's [NA-22] FX PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. This work was supported under the DOE's NA-22 nuclear non-proliferation program and we are very grateful for their continuing Support. NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 63 IS 8 BP 908 EP 915 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 483PR UT WOS:000268980300007 PM 19678987 ER PT J AU Davidson, ME Kerepesi, LA Soto, A Chan, VT AF Davidson, Molly E. Kerepesi, Laura A. Soto, Armando Chan, Victor T. TI D-Serine exposure resulted in gene expression changes implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and neuronal dysfunction in male Fischer 344 rats SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE D-Serine; N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor; Transcriptomic profiling; Pathway analysis; Neuronal dysfunction ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; N-TERMINAL KINASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; NUCLEOSOME REMODELING FACTOR; WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; C-JUN; HIPPOCAMPAL-NEURONS; NMDA-RECEPTORS AB d-Serine, an endogenous amino acid, is involved in many physiological processes through its interaction with the glycine binding site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It has important roles in development, learning, and cell death signaling. Recent evidence suggests that decreased function of the NMDA receptor is related to the etiology of schizophrenia, and the use of d-serine as add-on therapy is beneficial in alleviating the symptoms of treatment-refractory schizophrenia. The NMDA receptor also plays a major role in neuronal cell death and neurodegeneration mediated by excitatory amino acid toxicity in ischemia, epilepsy, and trauma. Due to its co-activator function, d-serine can markedly potentiate NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity. To investigate potential adverse effects of d-serine treatment, we investigated gene expression changes in the forebrain of male F-344 rats treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of d-serine (5, 20, 50, 200, or 500 mg/kg) at 96 h post-treatment. Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 arrays revealed that d-serine treatment resulted in up- and down-regulation of 134 and 52 genes, respectively, based on the common genes identified using three statistical methods, i.e. t test (p < 0.01 over two consecutive doses), ANOVA (with adjusted Bonferonni correction for multiple testing) and significance analysis of microarray (SAM). Self organized map (SOM) clustering analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed two clusters, one with all 134 up-regulated probe sets and the other with all 52 down-regulated probe sets. The dose-response pattern of the down-regulated cluster showed nearly a perfect mirror image of that of the up-regulated one. Gene ontology analysis revealed that pathways implicated in neuronal functions and/or neurodegenerative disorders are over-represented among the differentially expressed genes. Specifically, genes involved in vesicle-mediated transport, endocytosis, ubiquitin conjugation pathway, regulation of actin filament polymerization/depolymerization, focal adhesion, Wnt signaling, and insulin signaling were up-regulated, while genes involved in RNA metabolism/splicing/processing and Notch signaling were down-regulated. Consistent with this finding, pathway analysis using GenMAPP showed a significant number of differentially expressed genes in these pathways. In addition, the GenMAPP result also showed activation of the signaling pathways of several proinflammatory cytokines (including IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6 and TNF-alpha), which might suggest the onset of neuroinflammation. Biological association network analysis showed that several nuclear factors implicated in transcription regulation (including Taf1, Max, Myc, and Hnf4a) are highly connected to a large number of up-regulated genes. While the transcript levels of these transcription factors were not changed, their connections to Ddx3x, a gene involved in mRNA processing and translation initiation, raise the possibility that they may be up-regulated at the post-transcriptional level. The observation that Ubqln1 and Ube2d, two differentially expressed genes involved in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, are highly connected in this network suggests a role of ubiquitination proteasome pathway in response to d-serine exposure. This finding is consistent with the result of gene ontology analysis and suggests that d-serine treatment might result in damage to cellular proteins and subsequent up-regulation of ubiquitination proteasome pathway to clar these damaged proteins. In summary, d-serine exposure resulted in perturbation of a number of pathways implicated in neuronal functions and neurodegenerative disorders. However, activation of cellular response to counter the toxic effects of d-serine might be hindered due to the down-regulation of such important cellular machinery like RNA metabolism, splicing and processing. Consequently, cell damage might be further exacerbated. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential impacts of d-serine exposure on neuronal functions. C1 [Davidson, Molly E.; Soto, Armando; Chan, Victor T.] USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Res Lab,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Area B Wright Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. [Kerepesi, Laura A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Davidson, Molly E.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Chan, VT (reprint author), USAF, Appl Biotechnol Branch, Res Lab,Human Effectiveness Directorate, Area B Wright Patterson AFB, 711th Human Performance Wing,Bldg 837,2729 R St, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. EM Molly.Davidson@wpafb.af.mil; victor.chan@wpafb.af.mil NR 98 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 83 IS 8 BP 747 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s00204-009-0405-3 PG 16 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 477UB UT WOS:000268543300002 PM 19212759 ER PT J AU Dieckmann, J McKenney, K Brodrick, J AF Dieckmann, John McKenney, Kurtis Brodrick, James TI Energy-Efficient Dehumidification SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dieckmann, John; McKenney, Kurtis] TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Dieckmann, J (reprint author), TIAX, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 51 IS 8 BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 480KH UT WOS:000268732900018 ER PT J AU Tasca, LAM Kneib, JP Iovino, A Le Fevre, O Kovac, K Bolzonella, M Lilly, SJ Abraham, RG Cassata, P Cucciati, O Guzzo, L Tresse, L Zamorani, G Capak, P Garilli, B Scodeggio, M Sheth, K Zucca, E Carollo, CM Contini, T Mainieri, V Renzini, A Bardelli, S Bongiorno, A Caputi, K Coppa, G de la Torre, S de Ravel, L Franzetti, P Kampczyk, P Knobel, C Koekemoer, AM Lamareille, F Le Borgne, JF Le Brun, V Maier, C Mignoli, M Pello, R Peng, Y Montero, EP Ricciardelli, E Silverman, JD Vergani, D Tanaka, M Abbas, U Bottini, D Cappi, A Cimatti, A Ilbert, O Leauthaud, A Maccagni, D Marinoni, C McCracken, HJ Memeo, P Meneux, B Oesch, P Porciani, C Pozzetti, L Scaramella, R Scarlata, C AF Tasca, L. A. M. Kneib, J. -P. Iovino, A. Le Fevre, O. Kovac, K. Bolzonella, M. Lilly, S. J. Abraham, R. G. Cassata, P. Cucciati, O. Guzzo, L. Tresse, L. Zamorani, G. Capak, P. Garilli, B. Scodeggio, M. Sheth, K. Zucca, E. Carollo, C. M. Contini, T. Mainieri, V. Renzini, A. Bardelli, S. Bongiorno, A. Caputi, K. Coppa, G. de la Torre, S. de Ravel, L. Franzetti, P. Kampczyk, P. Knobel, C. Koekemoer, A. M. Lamareille, F. Le Borgne, J. -F. Le Brun, V. Maier, C. Mignoli, M. Pello, R. Peng, Y. Montero, E. Perez Ricciardelli, E. Silverman, J. D. Vergani, D. Tanaka, M. Abbas, U. Bottini, D. Cappi, A. Cimatti, A. Ilbert, O. Leauthaud, A. Maccagni, D. Marinoni, C. McCracken, H. J. Memeo, P. Meneux, B. Oesch, P. Porciani, C. Pozzetti, L. Scaramella, R. Scarlata, C. TI The zCOSMOS redshift survey: the role of environment and stellar mass in shaping the rise of the morphology-density relation from z similar to 1 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE galaxies: fundamental parameters; cosmology: large-scale structure of universe; galaxies: distances and redshifts; galaxies: structure; galaxies: evolution; Galaxy: formation ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION SURVEY COSMOS; VLT DEEP SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION HISTORY; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES; BAND OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DARK-MATTER HALOES; 1ST EPOCH DATA; SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES AB Context. For more than two decades we have known that galaxy morphological segregation is present in the Local Universe. It is important to see how this relation evolves with cosmic time. Aims. To investigate how galaxy assembly took place with cosmic time, we explore the evolution of the morphology-density relation up to redshift z similar to 1 using about 10 000 galaxies drawn from the zCOSMOS Galaxy Redshift Survey. Taking advantage of accurate HST/ACS morphologies from the COSMOS survey, of the well-characterised zCOSMOS 3D environment, and of a large sample of galaxies with spectroscopic redshift, we want to study here the evolution of the morphology-density relation up to z similar to 1 and its dependence on galaxy luminosity and stellar mass. The multi-wavelength coverage of the field also allows a first study of the galaxy morphological segregation dependence on colour. We further attempt to disentangle between processes that occurred early in the history of the Universe or late in the life of galaxies. Methods. The zCOSMOS field benefits of high-resolution imaging in the F814W filter from the Advanced Camera for Survey (ACS). We use standard morphology classifiers, optimised for being robust against band-shifting and surface brightness dimming, and a new, objective, and automated method to convert morphological parameters into early, spiral, and irregular types. We use about 10 000 galaxies down to I(AB) = 22.5 with a spectroscopic sampling rate of 33% to characterise the environment of galaxies up to z similar to 1 from the 100 kpc scales of galaxy groups up to the 100 Mpc scales of the cosmic web. The evolution of the morphology-density relation in different environments is then studied for luminosity and stellar-mass selected, volume-limited samples of galaxies. The trends are described and related to the various physical processes that could play a relevant role in the build-up of the morphology-density relation. Results. We confirm that the morphological segregation is present up to z similar to 1 for luminosity-selected, volume-limited samples. The behaviour of the morphology-density relation gets flatter at fixed masses expecially above 10(10.6) M(circle dot). We suggest the existence of a critical mass above which the physical processes governing galaxy stellar mass also determine the shaping of the galaxy more than its environment. We finally show that at a fixed morphology there is still a residual variation in galaxy colours with density. Conclusions. The observed evolution with redshift of the morphology-density relation offers an opportunity to trace the effect of nature and nurture as a function of environment. Even though it is based mainly on a biased view, the environmental dependence of the morphological evolution for luminosity-selected, volume-limited samples seems to indicate that nurture is in play. On the other hand, the lack of evolution observed for early-type and spiral galaxies that are more massive than 10(10.8) M(circle dot) independents of the environment indicates that nature has imprinted these properties early in the life of these galaxies. We conclude that the relative contribution of nature and nurture in different environments strongly depends on the mass of galaxies, consistent with a downsizing scenario. C1 [Tasca, L. A. M.; Kneib, J. -P.; Le Fevre, O.; Cassata, P.; Cucciati, O.; Tresse, L.; de la Torre, S.; de Ravel, L.; Le Brun, V.; Abbas, U.; Ilbert, O.] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Tasca, L. A. M.; Garilli, B.; Scodeggio, M.; de la Torre, S.; Franzetti, P.; Bottini, D.; Maccagni, D.; Memeo, P.] IASF, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Iovino, A.; Guzzo, L.; de la Torre, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Kovac, K.; Lilly, S. J.; Carollo, C. M.; Caputi, K.; Kampczyk, P.; Knobel, C.; Maier, C.; Peng, Y.; Silverman, J. D.; Oesch, P.] ETH, Inst Astron, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bolzonella, M.; Zamorani, G.; Zucca, E.; Bardelli, S.; Coppa, G.; Mignoli, M.; Vergani, D.; Cappi, A.; Pozzetti, L.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Abraham, R. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Cassata, P.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Capak, P.; Lamareille, F.; Le Borgne, J. -F.; Scarlata, C.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Sheth, K.] Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Contini, T.; Pello, R.; Montero, E. Perez] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Toulouse Tarbes, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Mainieri, V.; Tanaka, M.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Renzini, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Padua, Italy. [Bongiorno, A.; Meneux, B.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-84571 Garching, Germany. [Koekemoer, A. M.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Montero, E. Perez] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, E-18080 Granada, Spain. [Ricciardelli, E.] Univ Padua, Dipartemento Astron, I-35122 Padua, Italy. [Abbas, U.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Torino, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Torino, Italy. [Cimatti, A.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Marinoni, C.] Ctr Phys Theor, Marseille, France. [McCracken, H. J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Meneux, B.] Univ Sternwarte, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Porciani, C.] Argelander Inst Astron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Scaramella, R.] Osservatorio Roma, INAF, Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. RP Tasca, LAM (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, 38 Rue Frederic Joliot Curie, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. EM lida.tasca@oamp.fr RI Pello, Roser/G-4754-2010; Le Fevre, Olivier/G-7389-2011; Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; Cappi, Alberto/O-9391-2015; Zucca, Elena/O-9396-2015; Bolzonella, Micol/O-9495-2015; Mignoli, Marco/O-9426-2015; Bardelli, Sandro/O-9369-2015; OI Scodeggio, Marco/0000-0002-2282-5850; Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Cappi, Alberto/0000-0002-9200-7167; Zucca, Elena/0000-0002-5845-8132; Bolzonella, Micol/0000-0003-3278-4607; Mignoli, Marco/0000-0002-9087-2835; Bardelli, Sandro/0000-0002-8900-0298; Bongiorno, Angela/0000-0002-0101-6624; Scaramella, Roberto/0000-0003-2229-193X; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Iovino, Angela/0000-0001-6958-0304; bottini, dario/0000-0001-6917-041X; Pozzetti, Lucia/0000-0001-7085-0412; Franzetti, Paolo/0000-0002-6986-0127; Vergani, Daniela/0000-0003-0898-2216; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649; Garilli, Bianca/0000-0001-7455-8750 FU INAF [PRIN-INAF 2007, ASI/COFIS/WP3110I/026/07/0]; French National Computing Centre (CINES) FX L. T. acknowledge support from CNES. We thank CNES and PNC for support to the COSMOS project. This work has been partially supported by INAF grant PRIN-INAF 2007 and by the grant ASI/COFIS/WP3110I/026/07/0. This work benefited from support from the French National Computing Centre (CINES), for providing part of the necessary computational resources. NR 112 TC 94 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 503 IS 2 BP 379 EP 398 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912213 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 493HE UT WOS:000269726200008 ER PT J AU Ulmer, MP Adami, C Neto, GBL Durret, F Covone, G Ilbert, O Cypriano, ES Allam, SS Kron, RG Mahoney, WA Gavazzi, R AF Ulmer, M. P. Adami, C. Neto, G. B. Lima Durret, F. Covone, G. Ilbert, O. Cypriano, E. S. Allam, S. S. Kron, R. G. Mahoney, W. A. Gavazzi, R. TI Cluster and cluster galaxy evolution history from IR to X-ray observations of the young cluster RX J1257.2+4738 at z=0.866 SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: individual: RX J1257.2+4738; galaxies: clusters: general; Galaxy: evolution ID SPITZER-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BRIGHT SHARC SURVEY; VLT-DEEP-SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; PHOTOMETRIC REDSHIFTS; SUPERCLUSTER; DENSITY; GAS AB Context. The cosmic time around the z similar to 1 redshift range appears crucial in the cluster and galaxy evolution, since it is probably the epoch of the first mature galaxy clusters. Our knowledge of the properties of the galaxy populations in these clusters is limited because only a handful of z similar to 1 clusters are presently known. Aims. In this framework, we report the discovery of a z similar to 0.87 cluster and study its properties at various wavelengths. Methods. We gathered X-ray and optical data (imaging and spectroscopy), and near and far infrared data (imaging) in order to confirm the cluster nature of our candidate, to determine its dynamical state, and to give insight on its galaxy population evolution. Results. Our candidate structure appears to be a massive z similar to 0.87 dynamically young cluster with an atypically high X-ray temperature as compared to its X-ray luminosity. It exhibits a significant percentage (similar to 90%) of galaxies that are also detected in the 24 mu m band. Conclusions. The cluster RXJ1257.2+4738 appears to be still in the process of collapsing. Its relatively high temperature is probably the consequence of significant energy input into the intracluster medium besides the regular gravitational infall contribution. A significant part of its galaxies are red objects that are probably dusty with on-going star formation. C1 [Ulmer, M. P.; Adami, C.; Ilbert, O.] LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Ulmer, M. P.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Neto, G. B. Lima; Cypriano, E. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Astron Geofis & Atmosf C, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Durret, F.; Gavazzi, R.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Covone, G.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dipartimento Sci Fis, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Covone, G.] INAF Observatorio Astron Capodimonte, I-80131 Naples, Italy. [Ilbert, O.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Cypriano, E. S.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Allam, S. S.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kron, R. G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Mahoney, W. A.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Ulmer, MP (reprint author), LAM, Pole Etoile Site Chateau Gombert,38 Rue Frederic, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. EM christophe.adami@oamp.fr RI Cypriano, Eduardo/C-7293-2012; 7, INCT/H-6207-2013; Astrofisica, Inct/H-9455-2013; Lima Neto, Gastao/J-6117-2014; Covone, Giovanni/J-6040-2012 OI Covone, Giovanni/0000-0002-2553-096X FU CNES and PNG; CNRS/INSU; CAPES/COFECUB French-Brazilian cooperation; CNPq; FAPESPNASA [O78144X//NAS8-03060, GO7-8144X//NAS8-03060, 1306461 NASA NMO710076] FX The authors thank the referee for useful remarks. We are grateful to the CFHT and Terapix teams. We acknowledge financial support from CNES and PNG, CNRS/INSU, and from the CAPES/COFECUB French-Brazilian cooperation. G.B.L.N. acknowledges support from the CNPq and FAPESP. M. P. U. acknowledges the support of NASA grants GO78144X//NAS8-03060, GO7-8144X//NAS8-03060, and Agmt.# 1306461 NASA NMO710076. We thank the groups and many individuals responsible for the successful launch and operation of Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Spitzer and for helping us set up our observations. We wish to thank Alberto Noriega-Crespo for assistance with the MIPS post pipeline data reduction. Last but not least, we thank Emeric Le Floc'h for useful discussions. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 503 IS 2 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200811021 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 493HE UT WOS:000269726200009 ER PT J AU Gorham, PW Allison, P Barwick, SW Beatty, JJ Besson, DZ Binns, WR Chen, C Chen, P Clem, JM Connolly, A Dowkontt, PF DuVernois, MA Field, RC Goldstein, D Goodhue, A Hast, C Hebert, CL Hoover, S Israel, MH Kowalski, J Learned, JG Liewer, KM Link, JT Lusczek, E Matsuno, S Mercurio, BC Miki, C Miocinovic, P Nam, J Naudet, CJ Nichol, RJ Palladino, K Reil, K Romero-Wolf, A Rosen, M Ruckman, L Saltzberg, D Seckel, D Varner, GS Walz, D Wang, Y Williams, C Wu, F AF Gorham, P. W. Allison, P. Barwick, S. W. Beatty, J. J. Besson, D. Z. Binns, W. R. Chen, C. Chen, P. Clem, J. M. Connolly, A. Dowkontt, P. F. DuVernois, M. A. Field, R. C. Goldstein, D. Goodhue, A. Hast, C. Hebert, C. L. Hoover, S. Israel, M. H. Kowalski, J. Learned, J. G. Liewer, K. M. Link, J. T. Lusczek, E. Matsuno, S. Mercurio, B. C. Miki, C. Miocinovic, P. Nam, J. Naudet, C. J. Nichol, R. J. Palladino, K. Reil, K. Romero-Wolf, A. Rosen, M. Ruckman, L. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Varner, G. S. Walz, D. Wang, Y. Williams, C. Wu, F. CA ANITA Collaboration TI The Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna ultra-high energy neutrino detector: Design, performance, and sensitivity for the 2006-2007 balloon flight SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Neutrinos; Ultra-high energy cosmic rays; Askaryan effect; Long-duration balloon payload ID EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS; COHERENT RADIO EMISSION; COSMIC RAYS; LIGHT TRANSMISSION; RUNAWAY BREAKDOWN; PULSES; ICE; CHARGE; RADIATION; SPECTRUM AB We present a comprehensive report on the experimental details of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) long-duration balloon payload, including the design philosophy and realization, physics simulations, performance of the instrument during its first Antarctic flight completed in January of 2007, and expectations for the limiting neutrino detection sensitivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gorham, P. W.; Allison, P.; Hebert, C. L.; Kowalski, J.; Learned, J. G.; Link, J. T.; Matsuno, S.; Miki, C.; Miocinovic, P.; Romero-Wolf, A.; Rosen, M.; Ruckman, L.; Varner, G. S.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Manoa, HI 96822 USA. [Barwick, S. W.; Goldstein, D.; Nam, J.; Wu, F.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Beatty, J. J.; Mercurio, B. C.; Palladino, K.; Williams, C.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Besson, D. Z.] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Binns, W. R.; Dowkontt, P. F.; Israel, M. H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Chen, C.; Chen, P.; Field, R. C.; Hast, C.; Reil, K.; Walz, D.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Clem, J. M.; Seckel, D.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Connolly, A.; Nichol, R. J.] UCL, Dept Phys, London, England. [Goodhue, A.; Hoover, S.; Saltzberg, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [DuVernois, M. A.; Lusczek, E.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Liewer, K. M.; Naudet, C. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Nam, J.; Wang, Y.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Gorham, PW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Manoa, HI 96822 USA. EM gorham@phys.hawaii.edu RI Nichol, Ryan/C-1645-2008; Vieregg, Abigail/D-2287-2012; Connolly, Amy/J-3958-2013; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; OI Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Lusczek, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4680-965X NR 64 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 8 EP 41 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.05.003 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 505MZ UT WOS:000270699200002 ER PT J AU Abbasi, RU Abu-Zayyad, T Al-Seady, M Allen, M Amann, JF Archbold, G Belov, K Belz, JW Bergman, DR Blake, SA Brusova, OA Burt, GW Cannon, C Cao, Z Deng, W Fedorova, Y Findlay, J Finley, CB Gray, RC Hanlon, WF Hoffman, CM Holzscheiter, MH Hughes, G Huntemeyer, P Ivanov, D Jones, BF Jui, CCH Kim, K Kirn, MA Loh, EC Maestas, MM Manago, N Marek, LJ Martens, K Matthews, JAJ Matthews, JN Moore, SA O'Neill, A Painter, CA Perera, L Reil, K Riehle, R Roberts, MD Rodriguez, D Sasaki, M Schnetzer, SR Scott, LM Sinnis, G Smith, JD Snow, R Sokolsky, P Springer, RW Stokes, BT Stratton, SR Thomas, JR Thomas, SB Thomson, GB Tupa, D Wiencke, LR Zech, A Zhangh, BK Zhang, X Zhang, Y AF Abbasi, R. U. Abu-Zayyad, T. Al-Seady, M. Allen, M. Amann, J. F. Archbold, G. Belov, K. Belz, J. W. Bergman, D. R. Blake, S. A. Brusova, O. A. Burt, G. W. Cannon, C. Cao, Z. Deng, W. Fedorova, Y. Findlay, J. Finley, C. B. Gray, R. C. Hanlon, W. F. Hoffman, C. M. Holzscheiter, M. H. Hughes, G. Huentemeyer, P. Ivanov, D. Jones, B. F. Jui, C. C. H. Kim, K. Kirn, M. A. Loh, E. C. Maestas, M. M. Manago, N. Marek, L. J. Martens, K. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthews, J. N. Moore, S. A. O'Neill, A. Painter, C. A. Perera, L. Reil, K. Riehle, R. Roberts, M. D. Rodriguez, D. Sasaki, M. Schnetzer, S. R. Scott, L. M. Sinnis, G. Smith, J. D. Snow, R. Sokolsky, P. Springer, R. W. Stokes, B. T. Stratton, S. R. Thomas, J. R. Thomas, S. B. Thomson, G. B. Tupa, D. Wiencke, L. R. Zech, A. Zhangh, B. K. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. CA High Resolution Fly's Eye Collabor TI Measurement of the flux of ultra high energy cosmic rays by the stereo technique SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmic rays; Spectrum; GZK cut-off; Air fluorescence technique; Stereo reconstruction ID FLUORESCENCE YIELD; AIR FLUORESCENCE; HIRES EXPERIMENT; FLYS EYE; SPECTRUM; DETECTOR AB The High Resolution Fly's Eye (HiRes) experiment has measured the flux of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays using the stereoscopic air fluorescence technique. The HiRes experiment consists of two detectors that observe cosmic ray showers via the fluorescence light they emit. HiRes data can be analyzed in monocular mode, where each detector is treated separately, or in stereoscopic mode where they are considered together. Using the monocular mode the HiRes collaboration measured the cosmic ray spectrum and made the first observation of the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff. In this paper we present the cosmic ray spectrum measured by the stereoscopic technique. Good agreement is found with the monocular spectrum in all details. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Abbasi, R. U.; Abu-Zayyad, T.; Al-Seady, M.; Allen, M.; Archbold, G.; Belov, K.; Belz, J. W.; Blake, S. A.; Brusova, O. A.; Burt, G. W.; Cannon, C.; Cao, Z.; Deng, W.; Fedorova, Y.; Findlay, J.; Gray, R. C.; Hanlon, W. F.; Huentemeyer, P.; Jones, B. F.; Jui, C. C. H.; Kim, K.; Loh, E. C.; Maestas, M. M.; Martens, K.; Matthews, J. N.; Moore, S. A.; Reil, K.; Riehle, R.; Roberts, M. D.; Rodriguez, D.; Smith, J. D.; Snow, R.; Sokolsky, P.; Springer, R. W.; Stokes, B. T.; Thomas, J. R.; Thomas, S. B.; Wiencke, L. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Abbasi, R. U.; Abu-Zayyad, T.; Al-Seady, M.; Allen, M.; Archbold, G.; Belov, K.; Belz, J. W.; Blake, S. A.; Brusova, O. A.; Burt, G. W.; Cannon, C.; Cao, Z.; Deng, W.; Fedorova, Y.; Findlay, J.; Gray, R. C.; Hanlon, W. F.; Huentemeyer, P.; Jones, B. F.; Jui, C. C. H.; Kim, K.; Loh, E. C.; Maestas, M. M.; Martens, K.; Matthews, J. N.; Moore, S. A.; Reil, K.; Riehle, R.; Roberts, M. D.; Rodriguez, D.; Smith, J. D.; Snow, R.; Sokolsky, P.; Springer, R. W.; Stokes, B. T.; Thomas, J. R.; Thomas, S. B.; Wiencke, L. R.] Univ Utah, High Energy Astrophys Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Amann, J. F.; Hoffman, C. M.; Holzscheiter, M. H.; Marek, L. J.; Painter, C. A.; Sinnis, G.; Tupa, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kirn, M. A.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Belov, K.; Bergman, D. R.; Hughes, G.; Ivanov, D.; Perera, L.; Schnetzer, S. R.; Scott, L. M.; Stokes, B. T.; Stratton, S. R.; Thomson, G. B.; Zech, A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Manago, N.; Sasaki, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Cosm Ray Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Finley, C. B.; O'Neill, A.; Zhang, X.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Finley, C. B.; O'Neill, A.; Zhang, X.] Nevis Lab, New York, NY USA. [Cao, Z.; Zhang, Y.] Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Matthews, J. A. J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cao, Z (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM ps@physics.utah.edu RI Martens, Kai/A-4323-2011; Belov, Konstantin/D-2520-2013; OI Tupa, Dale/0000-0002-6265-5016 FU US NSF [PHY9321949, PHY-9322298, PHY-9904048, PHY-9974537, PHY0098826, PHY-0140688, PHY-0245428, PHY-0305516, PHY0307098]; DOE [FG0392ER40732] FX This work is supported by US NSF Grants Numbers PHY9321949, PHY-9322298, PHY-9904048, PHY-9974537, PHY0098826, PHY-0140688, PHY-0245428, PHY-0305516, PHY0307098, and by the DOE Grant Number FG0392ER40732. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions from the technical staffs of our home institutions. The cooperation of Colonel E. Fischer, Colonel G. Harter, and Colonel G. Olsen, the US Army, and the Dugway Proving Ground staff is greatly appreciated. NR 25 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.06.001 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 505MZ UT WOS:000270699200005 ER PT J AU Schreiner, PA Reichenbacher, J Goodman, MC AF Schreiner, P. A. Reichenbacher, J. Goodman, M. C. TI Interpretation of the underground muon charge ratio SO ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Underground cosmic ray muons; Muon charge ratio; Meson charge ratio ID ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO FLUX; SEA-LEVEL; STOPPING POWER; SPECTRUM; RANGE; TEV AB The MINOS experiment has observed a rise in the underground muon charge ratio r(mu) = mu(+)/mu(-). This ratio can be related to the atmospheric production ratios of pi(+)/pi(-) and K(+)/K(-). Our analysis indicates that the relevant variable for studying the charge ratio is E(mu)(surface) cos theta, rather than E(mu)(surface). We compare a simple energy dependent parameterization of the rise in the charge ratio with more detailed previously published Monte Carlo simulations and an analytical calculation. We also estimate the size of two previously neglected effects in this context: the charge sign dependency of the dE/dx in rock, and the energy dependence of heavy primaries on the derived K(+)/K(-) ratio. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Schreiner, P. A.; Reichenbacher, J.; Goodman, M. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schreiner, P. A.] Benedictine Univ, Dept Phys, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. RP Goodman, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maury.goodman@anl.gov FU US Department of Energy and Benedictine University FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy and Benedictine University. We would like to thank V. Naumov for introducing us to the issues involved in the predicted rise of the charge ratio. We thank Tom Gaisser, Morihiro Honda, Paolo Lipari and Teresa Montaruli for discussions on the ratio simulations. We acknowledge the help and insight of Giles Barr, Thomas Fields, Jeff de Jong and Alec Habig. We are grateful to Geoff Bodwin and Stanley Wojcicki for their contributions in understanding issues involving energy loss. We thank Eric Beall, Gavril Giurgiu, Eric Grashorn, Andrew Hoffman, Sue Kasahara, Stuart Mufson, Brian Rebel and Keith Ruddick for their many contributions. And the support of the entire MINOS collaboration has been invaluable. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-6505 J9 ASTROPART PHYS JI Astropart Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 1 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.06.002 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 505MZ UT WOS:000270699200006 ER PT J AU Acciari, VA Aliu, E Arlen, T Bautista, M Beilicke, M Benbow, W Bottcher, M Bradbury, SM Bugaev, V Butt, Y Butt, Y Byrum, K Cannon, A Cesarini, A Chow, YC Ciupik, L Cogan, P Colin, P Cui, W Daniel, M Dickherber, R Ergin, T Falcone, A Fegan, SJ Finley, JP Fortin, P Fortson, L Furniss, A Gall, D Gillanders, GH Grube, J Guenette, R Gyuk, G Hanna, D Hays, E Holder, J Horan, D Hui, CM Humensky, TB Kaaret, P Karlsson, N Kieda, D Kildea, J Konopelko, A Krawczynski, H Krennrich, F Lang, MJ LeBohec, S Maier, G McCann, A McCutcheon, M Millis, J Moriarty, P Mukherjee, R Nagai, T Ong, RA Otte, AN Pandel, D Perkins, JS Perkins, JS Pohl, M Quinn, J Ragan, K Reyes, LC Reynolds, PT Roache, E Rose, HJ Schroedter, M Sembroski, GH Smith, AW Steele, D Stroh, M Swordy, S Theiling, M Toner, JA Varlotta, A Vassiliev, VV Wagner, RG Wakely, SP Ward, JE Weekes, TC Weinstein, A White, RJ Williams, DA Wissel, S Wood, M Zitzer, B AF Acciari, V. A. Aliu, E. Arlen, T. Bautista, M. Beilicke, M. Benbow, W. Boettcher, M. Bradbury, S. M. Bugaev, V. Butt, Y. Butt, Y. Byrum, K. Cannon, A. Cesarini, A. Chow, Y. C. Ciupik, L. Cogan, P. Colin, P. Cui, W. Daniel, M. Dickherber, R. Ergin, T. Falcone, A. Fegan, S. J. Finley, J. P. Fortin, P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Gall, D. Gillanders, G. H. Grube, J. Guenette, R. Gyuk, G. Hanna, D. Hays, E. Holder, J. Horan, D. Hui, C. M. Humensky, T. B. Kaaret, P. Karlsson, N. Kieda, D. Kildea, J. Konopelko, A. Krawczynski, H. Krennrich, F. Lang, M. J. LeBohec, S. Maier, G. McCann, A. McCutcheon, M. Millis, J. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nagai, T. Ong, R. A. Otte, A. N. Pandel, D. Perkins, J. S. Perkins, J. S. Pohl, M. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reyes, L. C. Reynolds, P. T. Roache, E. Rose, H. Joachim Schroedter, M. Sembroski, G. H. Smith, A. W. Steele, D. Stroh, M. Swordy, S. Theiling, M. Toner, J. A. Varlotta, A. Vassiliev, V. V. Wagner, R. G. Wakely, S. P. Ward, J. E. Weekes, T. C. Weinstein, A. White, R. J. Williams, D. A. Wissel, S. Wood, M. Zitzer, B. TI MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF LS I+61 degrees 303 WITH VERITAS, SWIFT, AND RXTE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; gamma rays: observations; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY BINARY; ENERGY GAMMA-RAYS; MICROQUASAR LS-I+61-303; TIMING-EXPLORER; RADIO; TELESCOPE; SPECTRUM; LSI+61-DEGREES-303; +61-DEGREES-303; LS-I-+61-303 AB We present results from a long-term monitoring campaign on the TeV binary LSI +61 degrees 303 with VERITAS at energies above 500 GeV, and in the 2-10 keV hard X-ray bands with RXTE and Swift, sampling nine 26.5 day orbital cycles between 2006 September and 2008 February. The binary was observed by VERITAS to be variable, with all integrated observations resulting in a detection at the 8.8 sigma (2006/2007) and 7.3 sigma (2007/2008) significance level for emission above 500 GeV. The source was detected during active periods with flux values ranging from 5% to 20% of the Crab Nebula, varying over the course of a single orbital cycle. Additionally, the observations conducted in the 2007-2008 observing season show marginal evidence (at the 3.6 sigma significance level) for TeV emission outside the apastron passage of the compact object around the Be star. Contemporaneous hard X-ray observations with RXTE and Swift show large variability with flux values typically varying between 0.5 and 3.0 x 10(-11) erg cm(-2) s(-1) over a single orbital cycle. The contemporaneous X-ray and TeV data are examined and it is shown that the TeV sampling is not dense enough to detect a correlation between the two bands. C1 [Acciari, V. A.; Moriarty, P.] Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Aliu, E.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Aliu, E.; Holder, J.] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Arlen, T.; Chow, Y. C.; Fegan, S. J.; Ong, R. A.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Wood, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bautista, M.; Cogan, P.; Guenette, R.; Hanna, D.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Ragan, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Beilicke, M.; Bugaev, V.; Dickherber, R.; Krawczynski, H.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Benbow, W.; Kildea, J.; Perkins, J. S.; Perkins, J. S.; Roache, E.; Theiling, M.; Weekes, T. C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Fred Lawrence Whipple Observ, Amado, AZ 85645 USA. [Boettcher, M.] Ohio Univ, Inst Astrophys, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Bradbury, S. M.; Daniel, M.; Rose, H. Joachim; White, R. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Butt, Y.; Butt, Y.; Ergin, T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Byrum, K.; Smith, A. W.; Wagner, R. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cannon, A.; Grube, J.; Quinn, J.; Ward, J. E.] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Phys, Dublin 4, Ireland. [Cesarini, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Lang, M. J.; Toner, J. A.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Ciupik, L.; Fortson, L.; Gyuk, G.; Karlsson, N.; Steele, D.] Adler Planetarium & Astron Museum, Dept Astron, Chicago, IL 60605 USA. [Colin, P.; Hui, C. M.; Kildea, J.; LeBohec, S.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cui, W.; Finley, J. P.; Gall, D.; Sembroski, G. H.; Varlotta, A.; Zitzer, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Falcone, A.; Stroh, M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Fortin, P.; Mukherjee, R.] Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Furniss, A.; Otte, A. N.; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Hays, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Horan, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Humensky, T. B.; Swordy, S.; Wakely, S. P.; Wissel, S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Kaaret, P.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Konopelko, A.] Pittsburg State Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA. [Krennrich, F.; Nagai, T.; Pohl, M.; Schroedter, M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Millis, J.] Anderson Univ, Dept Phys, Anderson, IN 46012 USA. [Reyes, L. C.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Reynolds, P. T.] Cork Inst Technol, Dept Appl Phys & Instrumentat, Cork, Ireland. RP Acciari, VA (reprint author), Galway Mayo Inst Technol, Dept Life & Phys Sci, Dublin Rd, Galway, Ireland. EM awsmith@hep.anl.gov RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Daniel, Michael/A-2903-2010; OI Cui, Wei/0000-0002-6324-5772; Daniel, Michael/0000-0002-8053-7910; Cesarini, Andrea/0000-0002-8611-8610; Ward, John E/0000-0003-1973-0794 FU U. S. Department of Energy; U. S. National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Institution; NSERC in Canada; Science Foundation Ireland; PPARC; U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U. S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 700 IS 2 BP 1034 EP 1041 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/1034 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 471ZU UT WOS:000268098100017 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Ackermann, M Ajello, M Atwood, WB Baldini, L Ballet, J Barbiellini, G Bastieri, D Battelino, M Baughman, BM Bechtol, K Bellazzini, R Berenji, B Bloom, ED Bogaert, G Borgland, AW Bregeon, J Brez, A Brigida, M Bruel, P Burnett, TH Caliandro, GA Cameron, RA Camilo, F Caraveo, PA Casandjian, JM Cecchi, C Charles, E Chekhtman, A Chen, AW Cheung, CC Chiang, J Ciprini, S Cognard, I Cohen-Tanugi, J Cominsky, LR Conrad, J Cutini, S Demorest, P Dermer, CD de Angelis, A de Luca, A de Palma, F Digel, SW Dormody, M Silva, EDE Drell, PS Dubois, R Dumora, D Espinoza, C Farnier, C Favuzzi, C Focke, WB Frailis, M Freire, PCC Fukazawa, Y Funk, S Fusco, P Gargano, F Gasparrini, D Gehrels, N Germani, S Giebels, B Giglietto, N Giordano, F Glanzman, T Godfrey, G Grenier, IA Grondin, MH Grove, JE Guillemot, L Guiriec, S Hanabata, Y Harding, AK Hayashida, M Hays, E Hughes, RE Johannesson, G Johnson, AS Johnson, RP Johnson, TJ Johnson, WN Johnston, S Kamae, T Katagiri, H Kataoka, J Kawai, N Kerr, M Kiziltan, B Knodlseder, J Komin, N Kramer, M Kuehn, F Kuss, M Lande, J Latronico, L Lee, SH Lemoine-Goumard, M Longo, F Loparco, F Lott, B Lovellette, MN Lubrano, P Lyne, AG Makeev, A Manchester, RN Marelli, M Mazziotta, MN McConville, W McEnery, JE McLaughlin, MA Meurer, C Michelson, PF Mitthumsiri, W Mizuno, T Moiseev, AA Monte, C Monzani, ME Morselli, A Moskalenko, IV Murgia, S Nolan, PL Noutsos, A Nuss, E Ohsugi, T Omodei, N Orlando, E Ormes, JF Ozaki, M Paneque, D Panetta, JH Parent, D Pepe, M Pesce-Rollins, M Piron, F Porter, TA Raino, S Rando, R Ransom, SM Razzano, M Reimer, A Reimer, O Reposeur, T Ritz, S Rochester, LS Rodriguez, AY Romani, RW Ryde, F Sadrozinski, HFW Sanchez, D Parkinson, PMS Sgro, C Sierpowska-Bartosik, A Siskind, EJ Smith, DA Smith, PD Spandre, G Spinelli, P Stappers, BW Starck, JL Strickman, MS Suson, DJ Tajima, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, T Tanaka, T Thayer, JB Thayer, JG Theureau, G Thompson, DJ Thorsett, SE Tibaldo, L Torres, DF Tosti, G Tramacere, A Uchiyama, Y Usher, TL Van Etten, A Vilchez, N Vitale, V Waite, AP Wallace, E Watters, K Weltevrede, P Wood, KS Ylinen, T Ziegler, M AF Abdo, A. A. Ackermann, M. Ajello, M. Atwood, W. B. Baldini, L. Ballet, J. Barbiellini, G. Bastieri, D. Battelino, M. Baughman, B. M. Bechtol, K. Bellazzini, R. Berenji, B. Bloom, E. D. Bogaert, G. Borgland, A. W. Bregeon, J. Brez, A. Brigida, M. Bruel, P. Burnett, T. H. Caliandro, G. A. Cameron, R. A. Camilo, F. Caraveo, P. A. Casandjian, J. M. Cecchi, C. Charles, E. Chekhtman, A. Chen, A. W. Cheung, C. C. Chiang, J. Ciprini, S. Cognard, I. Cohen-Tanugi, J. Cominsky, L. R. Conrad, J. Cutini, S. Demorest, P. Dermer, C. D. de Angelis, A. de Luca, A. de Palma, F. Digel, S. W. Dormody, M. do Couto E Silva, E. Drell, P. S. Dubois, R. Dumora, D. Espinoza, C. Farnier, C. Favuzzi, C. Focke, W. B. Frailis, M. Freire, P. C. C. Fukazawa, Y. Funk, S. Fusco, P. Gargano, F. Gasparrini, D. Gehrels, N. Germani, S. Giebels, B. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Glanzman, T. Godfrey, G. Grenier, I. A. Grondin, M. -H. Grove, J. E. Guillemot, L. Guiriec, S. Hanabata, Y. Harding, A. K. Hayashida, M. Hays, E. Hughes, R. E. Johannesson, G. Johnson, A. S. Johnson, R. P. Johnson, T. J. Johnson, W. N. Johnston, S. Kamae, T. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kawai, N. Kerr, M. Kiziltan, B. Knoedlseder, J. Komin, N. Kramer, M. Kuehn, F. Kuss, M. Lande, J. Latronico, L. Lee, S. -H. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Longo, F. Loparco, F. Lott, B. Lovellette, M. N. Lubrano, P. Lyne, A. G. Makeev, A. Manchester, R. N. Marelli, M. Mazziotta, M. N. McConville, W. McEnery, J. E. McLaughlin, M. A. Meurer, C. Michelson, P. F. Mitthumsiri, W. Mizuno, T. Moiseev, A. A. Monte, C. Monzani, M. E. Morselli, A. Moskalenko, I. V. Murgia, S. Nolan, P. L. Noutsos, A. Nuss, E. Ohsugi, T. Omodei, N. Orlando, E. Ormes, J. F. Ozaki, M. Paneque, D. Panetta, J. H. Parent, D. Pepe, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Piron, F. Porter, T. A. Raino, S. Rando, R. Ransom, S. M. Razzano, M. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Reposeur, T. Ritz, S. Rochester, L. S. Rodriguez, A. Y. Romani, R. W. Ryde, F. Sadrozinski, H. F. -W. Sanchez, D. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Sgro, C. Sierpowska-Bartosik, A. Siskind, E. J. Smith, D. A. Smith, P. D. Spandre, G. Spinelli, P. Stappers, B. W. Starck, J. -L. Strickman, M. S. Suson, D. J. Tajima, H. Takahashi, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, T. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, J. G. Theureau, G. Thompson, D. J. Thorsett, S. E. Tibaldo, L. Torres, D. F. Tosti, G. Tramacere, A. Uchiyama, Y. Usher, T. L. Van Etten, A. Vilchez, N. Vitale, V. Waite, A. P. Wallace, E. Watters, K. Weltevrede, P. Wood, K. S. Ylinen, T. Ziegler, M. TI PULSED GAMMA-RAYS FROM PSR J2021+3651 WITH THE FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: observations; pulsars: general; pulsars: individual (PSR J2021+3651) ID SPACE-TELESCOPE; YOUNG PULSARS; RADIO PULSARS; LIGHT CURVES; SLOT GAPS; EMISSION; CATALOG; MODEL; POLARIZATION; RADIATION AB We report the detection of pulsed gamma-rays from the young, spin-powered radio pulsar PSR J2021+3651 using data acquired with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (formerly GLAST). The light curve consists of two narrow peaks of similar amplitude separated by 0.468 +/- 0.002 in phase. The first peak lags the maximum of the 2 GHz radio pulse by 0.162 +/- 0.004 +/- 0.01 in phase. The integral gamma-ray photon flux above 100 MeV is (56 +/- 3 +/- 11) x 10(-8) cm(-2) s(-1). The photon spectrum is well described by an exponentially cut-off power law of the form dF/dE = kE(-Gamma)e((-E/Ec)), where the energy E is expressed in GeV. The photon index is Gamma = 1.5 +/- 0.1 +/- 0.1 and the exponential cut-off is E-c = 2.4 +/- 0.3 +/- 0.5 GeV. The first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The integral photon flux of the bridge is approximately 10% of the pulsed emission, and the upper limit on off-pulse gamma-ray emission from a putative pulsar wind nebula is < 10% of the pulsed emission at the 95% confidence level. Radio polarization measurements yield a rotation measure of RM = 524 +/- 4 rad m(-2) but a poorly constrained magnetic geometry. Re-analysis of Chandra X-ray Observatory data enhanced the significance of the weak X-ray pulsations, and the first peak is roughly phase aligned with the first gamma-ray peak. We discuss the emission region and beaming geometry based on the shape and spectrum of the gamma-ray light curve combined with radio and X-ray measurements, and the implications for the pulsar distance. Gamma-ray emission from the polar cap region seems unlikely for this pulsar. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Chekhtman, A.; Dermer, C. D.; Grove, J. E.; Johnson, W. N.; Lovellette, M. N.; Strickman, M. S.; Wood, K. S.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto E Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lande, J.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Mitthumsiri, W.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Bechtol, K.; Berenji, B.; Bloom, E. D.; Borgland, A. W.; Cameron, R. A.; Charles, E.; Chiang, J.; Digel, S. W.; do Couto E Silva, E.; Drell, P. S.; Dubois, R.; Focke, W. B.; Funk, S.; Glanzman, T.; Godfrey, G.; Hayashida, M.; Johannesson, G.; Johnson, A. S.; Kamae, T.; Lee, S. -H.; Michelson, P. F.; Paneque, D.; Panetta, J. H.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Rochester, L. S.; Romani, R. W.; Tajima, H.; Tanaka, T.; Thayer, J. B.; Thayer, J. G.; Tramacere, A.; Uchiyama, Y.; Usher, T. L.; Van Etten, A.; Waite, A. P.; Watters, K.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Atwood, W. B.; Dormody, M.; Johnson, R. P.; Porter, T. A.; Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Thorsett, S. E.; Ziegler, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Baldini, L.; Bellazzini, R.; Bregeon, J.; Brez, A.; Kuss, M.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Razzano, M.; Sgro, C.; Spandre, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Ballet, J.; Casandjian, J. M.; Grenier, I. A.; Komin, N.; Starck, J. -L.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, CEA, IRFU,Lab AIM,Serv Astrophys,CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Barbiellini, G.; Longo, F.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bastieri, D.; Rando, R.; Tibaldo, L.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Battelino, M.; Conrad, J.; Ryde, F.; Ylinen, T.] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baughman, B. M.; Hughes, R. E.; Kuehn, F.; Smith, P. D.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bogaert, G.; Bruel, P.; Giebels, B.; Sanchez, D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Leprince Ringuet, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Univ Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Brigida, M.; Caliandro, G. A.; de Palma, F.; Favuzzi, C.; Fusco, P.; Gargano, F.; Giglietto, N.; Giordano, F.; Loparco, F.; Mazziotta, M. N.; Monte, C.; Raino, S.; Spinelli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Burnett, T. H.; Kerr, M.; Tramacere, A.; Wallace, E.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Camilo, F.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Caraveo, P. A.; Chen, A. W.; Marelli, M.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [Cecchi, C.; Ciprini, S.; Germani, S.; Lubrano, P.; Pepe, M.; Tosti, G.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-60123 Perugia, Italy. [Chekhtman, A.; Makeev, A.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Cheung, C. C.; Gehrels, N.; Harding, A. K.; Hays, E.; Johnson, T. J.; McConville, W.; McEnery, J. E.; Ritz, S.; Thompson, D. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] CNRS, UMR 6115, LPCE, F-45071 Orleans 02, France. [Cognard, I.; Theureau, G.] INSU, CNRS, Observ Paris, Stn Radioastron Nancay, F-18330 Nancay, France. [Cohen-Tanugi, J.; Farnier, C.; Guiriec, S.; Komin, N.; Piron, F.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France. [Cominsky, L. R.] Sonoma State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Rohnert Pk, CA 94928 USA. [Conrad, J.; Meurer, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Cutini, S.; Gasparrini, D.] Sci Data Ctr, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASI, I-00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy. [Demorest, P.; Ransom, S. M.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Angelis, A.; Frailis, M.] Grp Coll Udine, Sez Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. [de Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Dumora, D.; Grondin, M. -H.; Guillemot, L.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lott, B.; Parent, D.; Reposeur, T.; Smith, D. A.] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France. [Espinoza, C.; Kramer, M.; Lyne, A. G.; Stappers, B. W.] Univ Manchester, Jodrell Bank, Ctr Astrophys, Sch Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Freire, P. C. C.] Arecibo Observ, Arecibo, PR 00612 USA. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Fukazawa, Y.; Hanabata, Y.; Katagiri, H.; Mizuno, T.; Takahashi, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima Astrophys Sci Ctr, Higashihiroshima 7398526, Japan. [Gehrels, N.; Johnson, T. J.; Ritz, S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Johnston, S.; Manchester, R. N.; Weltevrede, P.] CSIRO, Australia Telescope Natl Facil, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Kataoka, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Kawai, N.] RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Kawai, N.; Kiziltan, B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Lick Observ, UCO, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Knoedlseder, J.; Vilchez, N.] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse, France. [McLaughlin, M. A.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Moiseev, A. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vitale, V.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Orlando, E.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Ormes, J. F.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ozaki, M.; Takahashi, T.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Rodriguez, A. Y.; Sierpowska-Bartosik, A.; Torres, D. F.] CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Siskind, E. J.] NYCB Real Time Comp Inc, Lattingtown, NY 11560 USA. [Suson, D. J.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Dept Chem & Phys, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Torres, D. F.] ICREA, Barcelona, Spain. [Tramacere, A.] CIFS, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Vitale, V.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-10133 Turin, Italy. [Ylinen, T.] Univ Kalmar, Sch Pure & Appl Nat Sci, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM guillemo@cenbg.in2p3.fr; kerrm@u.washington.edu; smith@cenbg.in2p3.fr RI Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; Johnson, Neil/G-3309-2014; Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013; Funk, Stefan/B-7629-2015; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/O-8741-2015; Gargano, Fabio/O-8934-2015; Loparco, Francesco/O-8847-2015; Moskalenko, Igor/A-1301-2007; Mazziotta, Mario /O-8867-2015; Sgro, Carmelo/K-3395-2016; Torres, Diego/O-9422-2016; Starck, Jean-Luc/D-9467-2011; Thompson, David/D-2939-2012; Rando, Riccardo/M-7179-2013; Harding, Alice/D-3160-2012; Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Baldini, Luca/E-5396-2012; lubrano, pasquale/F-7269-2012; Morselli, Aldo/G-6769-2011; Nolan, Patrick/A-5582-2009; Kuss, Michael/H-8959-2012; giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012; Tosti, Gino/E-9976-2013; Ozaki, Masanobu/K-1165-2013; Komin, Nukri/J-6781-2015; OI Tramacere, Andrea/0000-0002-8186-3793; Baldini, Luca/0000-0002-9785-7726; Marelli, Martino/0000-0002-8017-0338; Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385; Funk, Stefan/0000-0002-2012-0080; Johannesson, Gudlaugur/0000-0003-1458-7036; Gargano, Fabio/0000-0002-5055-6395; Loparco, Francesco/0000-0002-1173-5673; Moskalenko, Igor/0000-0001-6141-458X; Mazziotta, Mario /0000-0001-9325-4672; Torres, Diego/0000-0002-1522-9065; Rando, Riccardo/0000-0001-6992-818X; Sgro', Carmelo/0000-0001-5676-6214; Starck, Jean-Luc/0000-0003-2177-7794; Thompson, David/0000-0001-5217-9135; lubrano, pasquale/0000-0003-0221-4806; Morselli, Aldo/0000-0002-7704-9553; giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888; Giordano, Francesco/0000-0002-8651-2394; Thorsett, Stephen/0000-0002-2025-9613; SPINELLI, Paolo/0000-0001-6688-8864; De Angelis, Alessandro/0000-0002-3288-2517; Frailis, Marco/0000-0002-7400-2135; Caraveo, Patrizia/0000-0003-2478-8018; Komin, Nukri/0000-0003-3280-0582; Bastieri, Denis/0000-0002-6954-8862; Omodei, Nicola/0000-0002-5448-7577; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa/0000-0003-1790-8018; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Ransom, Scott/0000-0001-5799-9714; Cutini, Sara/0000-0002-1271-2924; Berenji, Bijan/0000-0002-4551-772X; Gasparrini, Dario/0000-0002-5064-9495 NR 42 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 700 IS 2 BP 1059 EP 1066 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/1059 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 471ZU UT WOS:000268098100020 ER PT J AU Yanny, B Newberg, HJ Johnson, JA Lee, YS Beers, TC Bizyaev, D Brewington, H Fiorentin, PR Harding, P Malanushenko, E Malanushenko, V Oravetz, D Pan, K Simmons, A Snedden, S AF Yanny, Brian Newberg, Heidi Jo Johnson, Jennifer A. Lee, Young Sun Beers, Timothy C. Bizyaev, Dmitry Brewington, Howard Fiorentin, Paola Re Harding, Paul Malanushenko, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Oravetz, Dan Pan, Kaike Simmons, Audrey Snedden, Stephanie TI TRACING SAGITTARIUS STRUCTURE WITH SDSS AND SEGUE IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: halo; Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics; Galaxy: structure; stars: abundances ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RR-LYRAE STARS; GLOBULAR-CLUSTER NGC-5466; SURVEY COMMISSIONING DATA; COLD STELLAR STREAM; MILKY-WAY; DWARF GALAXY; GALACTIC HALO; TIDAL STREAMS; SURVEY VIEW AB We show that the Sagittarius dwarf tidal stream can be traced with very red K/M-giant stars, selected from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) photometry. A subset of these stars are spectroscopically confirmed with SEGUE and SDSS spectra, and the distance scale of 2MASS and SDSS M giants is calibrated to the RR Lyrae distance scale. The absolute magnitude of the K/M-giant stars at the tip of the giant branch is M(g0) = -1.0. The line-of-sight velocities of the M giant and blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars that are spatially coincident with the Sgr dwarf tidal stream are consistent with those of previous authors, reinforcing the need for new models that can explain all of the Sgr tidal debris stream observations. We estimate stellar densities along the tidal tails that can be used to help constrain future models. The K/M giant, BHB, and F-turnoff stars in the lower surface brightness tidal stream that is adjacent to the main leading Sgr dwarf tidal tail have velocities and metallicities that are similar to those of the stars in the leading tidal tail. The ratio of K/M giants to BHBs and BHBs to F-turnoff stars are also similar for both branches of the leading tidal tail. We show that there is an additional low-metallicity tidal stream near the Sgr trailing tidal tail. C1 [Yanny, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Newberg, Heidi Jo] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Johnson, Jennifer A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lee, Young Sun; Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, CSCE, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Lee, Young Sun; Beers, Timothy C.] Michigan State Univ, JINA, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brewington, Howard; Malanushenko, Elena; Malanushenko, Viktor; Oravetz, Dan; Pan, Kaike; Simmons, Audrey; Snedden, Stephanie] Apache Point Observ, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA. [Fiorentin, Paola Re] Univ Ljubljana, Dept Phys, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Fiorentin, Paola Re] Max Planck Inst Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Harding, Paul] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Astron, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Yanny, B (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM paola.refiorentin@fmf.uni-lj.si NR 43 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 700 IS 2 BP 1282 EP 1298 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/1282 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 471ZU UT WOS:000268098100036 ER PT J AU Nobili, S Fadeyev, V Aldering, G Amanullah, R Barbary, K Burns, MS Dawson, KS Deustua, SE Faccioli, L Fruchter, AS Goldhaber, G Goobar, A Hook, I Howell, DA Kim, AG Knop, RA Lidman, C Meyers, J Nugent, PE Pain, R Panagia, N Perlmutter, S Rubin, D Spadafora, AL Strovink, M Suzuki, N Swift, H AF Nobili, S. Fadeyev, V. Aldering, G. Amanullah, R. Barbary, K. Burns, M. S. Dawson, K. S. Deustua, S. E. Faccioli, L. Fruchter, A. S. Goldhaber, G. Goobar, A. Hook, I. Howell, D. A. Kim, A. G. Knop, R. A. Lidman, C. Meyers, J. Nugent, P. E. Pain, R. Panagia, N. Perlmutter, S. Rubin, D. Spadafora, A. L. Strovink, M. Suzuki, N. Swift, H. CA Supernova Cosmology Project TI CONSTRAINING DUST AND COLOR VARIATIONS OF HIGH-z SNe USING NICMOS ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology: observations; cosmological parameters; supernovae: general ID HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; IA SUPERNOVAE; LEGACY SURVEY; K-CORRECTIONS; DARK ENERGY; SPECTRA; UNIVERSE; 2000CX; OMEGA(LAMBDA); SPECTROSCOPY AB We present data from the Supernova Cosmology Project for five high redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that were obtained using the NICMOS infrared camera on the Hubble Space Telescope. We add two SNe from this sample to a rest-frame I-band Hubble diagram, doubling the number of high redshift supernovae on this diagram. This I-band Hubble diagram is consistent with a flat universe (Omega(M), Omega(A)) = (0.29, 0.71). A homogeneous distribution of large grain dust in the intergalactic medium (replenishing dust) is incompatible with the data and is excluded at the 5 sigma confidence level, if the SN host galaxy reddening is corrected assuming R(V) = 1.75. We use both optical and infrared observations to compare photometric properties of distant SNe Ia with those of nearby objects. We find generally good agreement with the expected color evolution for all SNe except the highest redshift SN in our sample (SN 1997ek at z = 0.863) which shows a peculiar color behavior. We also present spectra obtained from ground-based telescopes for type identification and determination of redshift. C1 [Nobili, S.; Amanullah, R.; Goobar, A.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Fadeyev, V.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Aldering, G.; Amanullah, R.; Barbary, K.; Dawson, K. S.; Faccioli, L.; Goldhaber, G.; Kim, A. G.; Meyers, J.; Nugent, P. E.; Perlmutter, S.; Rubin, D.; Spadafora, A. L.; Strovink, M.; Suzuki, N.; Swift, H.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amanullah, R.; Faccioli, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Amanullah, R.; Goobar, A.] Stockholm Univ, Oskar Klein Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Barbary, K.; Goldhaber, G.; Meyers, J.; Perlmutter, S.; Rubin, D.; Strovink, M.; Swift, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Burns, M. S.] Colorado Coll, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. [Deustua, S. E.; Fruchter, A. S.; Panagia, N.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Hook, I.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Howell, D. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Lidman, C.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Pain, R.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. [Pain, R.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France. RP Nobili, S (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Albanova Univ Ctr, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM serena@physto.se RI Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; OI Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Meyers, Joshua/0000-0002-2308-4230 FU NASA [GO-07850, NAS 5-26555]; U. S. Department of Energy [AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Daniel Sauer for sharing his models with us. Financial support for this work was provided by NASA through program GO-07850 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. This work was also supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. AC02-05CH11231. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Based in part on observations collected at the ESO La Silla Observatory (ESO program 60.A-0586). NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 700 IS 2 BP 1415 EP 1427 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/1415 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 471ZU UT WOS:000268098100042 ER PT J AU Abdo, AA Allen, BT Aune, T Berley, D Chen, C Christopher, GE DeYoung, T Dingus, BL Ellsworth, RW Gonzalez, MM Goodman, JA Hays, E Hoffman, CM Huntemeyer, PH Kolterman, BE Linnemann, JT McEnery, JE Morgan, T Mincer, AI Nemethy, P Pretz, J Ryan, JM Parkinson, PMS Shoup, A Sinnis, G Smith, AJ Vasileiou, V Walker, GP Williams, DA Yodh, GB AF Abdo, A. A. Allen, B. T. Aune, T. Berley, D. Chen, C. Christopher, G. E. DeYoung, T. Dingus, B. L. Ellsworth, R. W. Gonzalez, M. M. Goodman, J. A. Hays, E. Hoffman, C. M. Huentemeyer, P. H. Kolterman, B. E. Linnemann, J. T. McEnery, J. E. Morgan, T. Mincer, A. I. Nemethy, P. Pretz, J. Ryan, J. M. Parkinson, P. M. Saz Shoup, A. Sinnis, G. Smith, A. J. Vasileiou, V. Walker, G. P. Williams, D. A. Yodh, G. B. TI MILAGRO OBSERVATIONS OF MULTI-TeV EMISSION FROM GALACTIC SOURCES IN THE FERMI BRIGHT SOURCE LIST SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE gamma rays: observations; pulsars: general; supernova remnants ID FALSE-DISCOVERY RATE; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; PULSAR; TELESCOPE; NEBULA; PULSATIONS; CATALOG; GEMINGA; GALAXY; PLANE AB We present the result of a search of the Milagro sky map for spatial correlations with sources from a subset of the recent Fermi Bright Source List (BSL). The BSL consists of the 205 most significant sources detected above 100 MeV by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We select sources based on their categorization in the BSL, taking all confirmed or possible Galactic sources in the field of view of Milagro. Of the 34 Fermi sources selected, 14 are observed by Milagro at a significance of 3 standard deviations or more. We conduct this search with a new analysis which employs newly optimized gamma-hadron separation and utilizes the full eight-year Milagro data set. Milagro is sensitive to gamma rays with energy from 1 to 100 TeV with a peak sensitivity from 10 to 50 TeV depending on the source spectrum and declination. These results extend the observation of these sources far above the Fermi energy band. With the new analysis and additional data, multi-TeV emission is definitively observed associated with the Fermi pulsar, J2229.0+6114, in the Boomerang pulsar wind nebula (PWN). Furthermore, an extended region of multi-TeV emission is associated with the Fermi pulsar, J0634.0+1745, the Geminga pulsar. C1 [Abdo, A. A.; Linnemann, J. T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Allen, B. T.; Chen, C.; Yodh, G. B.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Aune, T.; Parkinson, P. M. Saz; Williams, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Berley, D.; Goodman, J. A.; Smith, A. J.; Vasileiou, V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Christopher, G. E.; Kolterman, B. E.; Mincer, A. I.; Nemethy, P.] NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [DeYoung, T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dingus, B. L.; Hoffman, C. M.; Pretz, J.; Sinnis, G.; Walker, G. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp P 23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ellsworth, R. W.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Gonzalez, M. M.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Hays, E.; McEnery, J. E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Huentemeyer, P. H.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Morgan, T.; Ryan, J. M.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Shoup, A.] Ohio State Univ, Lima, OH 45804 USA. [Vasileiou, V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Abdo, AA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3245 BioMed Phys Sci Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Saz Parkinson, Pablo Miguel/I-7980-2013; Hays, Elizabeth/D-3257-2012; OI Dingus, Brenda/0000-0001-8451-7450 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0245234, 0302000, 0400424, 0504201, 0601080, ATM-0002744]; US Department of Energy (Office of High-Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics); Los Alamos National Laboratory; University of California; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics FX We gratefully acknowledge Scott Delay and Michael Schneider for their dedicated efforts in the construction and maintenance of the Milagro experiment. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (under grants PHY-0245234, -0302000, -0400424, -0504201, -0601080, and ATM-0002744), the US Department of Energy (Office of High-Energy Physics and Office of Nuclear Physics), Los Alamos National Laboratory, the University of California, and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. NR 30 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 700 IS 2 BP L127 EP L131 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/L127 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472UJ UT WOS:000268157500016 ER PT J AU Newberg, HJ Yanny, B Willett, BA AF Newberg, Heidi Jo Yanny, Brian Willett, Benjamin A. TI DISCOVERY OF A NEW, POLAR-ORBITING DEBRIS STREAM IN THE MILKY WAY STELLAR HALO SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Galaxy: halo; Galaxy: structure; Stars: kinematics ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; GALACTIC GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS; TIDAL TAILS; HORIZONTAL-BRANCH; SAGITTARIUS; STARS; IDENTIFICATION; FIELD AB We show that there is a low-metallicity tidal stream that runs along l = 143 degrees in the South Galactic Cap, about 34 kpc from the Sun, discovered from the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration stellar velocities. Since the most concentrated detections are in the Cetus constellation, and the orbital path is nearly polar, we name it the Cetus Polar Stream (CPS). Although it is spatially coincident with the Sgr dwarf trailing tidal tail at b = -70 degrees, the metallicities ([Fe/H] = -2.1), ratio of blue straggler to blue horizontal branch stars, and velocities of the CPS stars differ from Sgr. Some CPS stars may contaminate previous samples of Sgr dwarf tidal debris. The unusual globular cluster NGC 5824 is located along an orbit fitted to the CPS, with the correct radial velocity. C1 [Newberg, Heidi Jo; Willett, Benjamin A.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Yanny, Brian] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Newberg, HJ (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. FU National Science Foundation [AST 06-06618] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, grant AST 06-06618. We acknowledge several important suggestions from the anonymous referee. This Letter utilized data from the SDSS and SDSS-II databases (http://www.sdss.org). NR 20 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 700 IS 2 BP L61 EP L64 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/L61 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472UJ UT WOS:000268157500001 ER PT J AU Kuranz, CC Drake, RP Grosskopf, MJ Robey, HF Remington, BA Hansen, JF Blue, BE Knauer, J AF Kuranz, C. C. Drake, R. P. Grosskopf, M. J. Robey, H. F. Remington, B. A. Hansen, J. F. Blue, B. E. Knauer, J. TI Image processing of radiographs in 3D Rayleigh-Taylor decelerating interface experiments SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Supernovae; Hydrodynamic instabilities; Laboratory astrophysics ID INSTABILITY; HYDRODYNAMICS; RELEVANT; SCALE; LASER AB This paper discusses high-energy-density laboratory astrophysics experiments exploring the Rayleigh-Taylor instability under conditions similar to the blast wave driven, outermost layer in a core-collapse supernova. The planar blast wave is created in an experimental target using the Omega laser. The blast wave crosses an unstable interface with a seed perturbation machined onto it. The perturbation consists of a 3D "egg crate" pattern and, in some cases, an additional longer wavelength mode is added to this 3D, single-mode pattern. The main diagnostic of this experiment is x-ray radiography. This paper explores an image processing technique to improve the identification and characterization of structure in the radiographic data. C1 [Kuranz, C. C.; Drake, R. P.; Grosskopf, M. J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Robey, H. F.; Remington, B. A.; Hansen, J. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Blue, B. E.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [Knauer, J.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. RP Kuranz, CC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ckuranz@umich.edu OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9967-4 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200009 ER PT J AU Grosskopf, MJ Drake, RP Kuranz, CC Miles, AR Hansen, JF Plewa, T Hearn, N Arnett, D Wheeler, JC AF Grosskopf, M. J. Drake, R. P. Kuranz, C. C. Miles, A. R. Hansen, J. F. Plewa, T. Hearn, N. Arnett, D. Wheeler, J. C. TI Modeling of multi-interface, diverging, hydrodynamic experiments for the National Ignition Facility SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Supernovae; Hydrodynamic instabilities; Laboratory astrophysics ID DECELERATING INTERFACE; TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SUPERNOVAE; EXPLOSIONS; DIMENSIONS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; LASER AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will soon provide experiments with far more than ten times the energy than has been previously available on laser facilities. In the context of supernova-relevant hydrodynamics, this will enable experiments in which hydrodynamic instabilities develop from multiple, coupled interfaces in a diverging explosion. This paper discusses the design of such blast-wave-driven explosions in which the relative masses of the layers are scaled to those within the star. It reports scaling simulations with CALE to model the global dynamics of such an experiment. CALE is a hybrid, Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian code. The simulations probed the instability growth and multi-interface interactions in mass-scaled systems using different materials. The simulations assist in the target design process and in developing an experiment that can be diagnosed. C1 [Grosskopf, M. J.; Drake, R. P.; Kuranz, C. C.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Miles, A. R.; Hansen, J. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Plewa, T.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Hearn, N.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Arnett, D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Wheeler, J. C.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Grosskopf, MJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mikegros@umich.edu RI Plewa, Tomasz/C-1470-2010; OI Plewa, Tomasz/0000-0002-1762-2565; Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9953-x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200010 ER PT J AU Michaut, C Falize, E Cavet, C Bouquet, S Koenig, M Vinci, T Reighard, A Drake, RP AF Michaut, C. Falize, E. Cavet, C. Bouquet, S. Koenig, M. Vinci, T. Reighard, A. Drake, R. P. TI Classification of and recent research involving radiative shocks SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Radiative shocks; High-power lasers; Cooling function ID ASTROPHYSICS; HYDRODYNAMICS; SIMULATION; STABILITY; ACCRETION; SUPERNOVA; CRITERIA; WAVES AB Radiative shocks (RS) occur in astrophysical systems and in high-energy density laboratory experiments. Aided by three dimensionless parameters, we propose a classification of RS into four types, integrating previous work that has focused independently on optical depth and on Mach number. Specific terms, such as a cooling function, a radiative flux, or radiative energy and pressure must be added to the Euler equations in order to model these various kinds of shocks. We examine how these terms correspond to the radiative classification regimes. In astrophysics, observed RS arise generally in optically thin material. Thus, radiation escapes without interaction with the surrounding gas, except perhaps to ionize it, and the energy loss in such shocks can be modeled by a cooling function I >. In this case only the post-shock region is structured by the radiation cooling. We found the analytical solution for hydrodynamic equations including I > ae rho (epsilon) P (zeta) x (theta) for arbitrary values of epsilon, zeta, theta. This is a completely new result. An application of this calculation for the accretion shock in cataclysmic variables of polar type is given in astrophysical terms. We also draw a parallel between RS experiments performed using the LULI2000 laser facility, in France and the Omega laser Facility, in USA. RS developed in these laboratories are more or less optically thick. These high-Mach number RS present a radiative precursor. C1 [Michaut, C.; Falize, E.; Cavet, C.; Bouquet, S.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92190 Meudon, France. [Falize, E.; Bouquet, S.; Vinci, T.] CEA DIF, Dept Phys Theor & Appl, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Koenig, M.; Vinci, T.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Polytech, LULI, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Reighard, A.; Drake, R. P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Reighard, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Michaut, C (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Observ Paris, LUTH, F-92190 Meudon, France. EM Claire.Michaut@obspm.fr RI Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 38 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9966-5 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200013 ER PT J AU Rosen, PA Foster, JM Wilde, BH Hartigan, P Blue, BE Hansen, JF Sorce, C Williams, RJR Coker, R Frank, A AF Rosen, P. A. Foster, J. M. Wilde, B. H. Hartigan, P. Blue, B. E. Hansen, J. F. Sorce, C. Williams, R. J. R. Coker, R. Frank, A. TI Laboratory experiments to study supersonic astrophysical flows interacting with clumpy environments SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Laboratory astrophysics; Supersonic astrophysical flows; Shocked clumps; Omega laser ID INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS; HYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTION; SUPERNOVA-REMNANTS; SHOCK-WAVES; NOVA LASER; SIMULATION; JETS AB A wide variety of objects in the universe drive supersonic outflows through the interstellar medium which is often highly clumpy. These inhomogeneities affect the morphology of the shocks that are generated. The hydrodynamics are difficult to model as the problem is inherently 3D and the clumps are subject to a variety of fluid instabilities as they are accelerated and destroyed by the shock. Over the last two years, we have been carrying out experiments at the University of Rochester's Omega laser to address the interaction of a dense-plasma jet with a localised density perturbation. More recently, we have turned our attention to the interaction of a shock wave with a spherical particle. We use a 1.6-mm diameter, 1.2-mm length Omega hohlraum to drive a composite plastic ablator (which includes bromine to prevent M-band radiation from preheating the experiment). The ablator acts as a "piston" driving a shock into 0.3 g cm(-3) foam containing a 0.5-mm diameter sapphire sphere. We radiograph along two orthogonal lines of sight, using nickel or zinc pinhole-apertured X-ray backlighters, to study the subsequent hydrodynamics. We present initial experimental results and two-dimensional simulations of the experiment. C1 [Rosen, P. A.; Foster, J. M.; Williams, R. J. R.] AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Wilde, B. H.; Coker, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hartigan, P.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. [Blue, B. E.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Hansen, J. F.; Sorce, C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Frank, A.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Rosen, PA (reprint author), AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. EM paula.rosen@awe.co.uk RI Williams, Robin/H-1637-2011 OI Williams, Robin/0000-0002-0486-0580 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9897-1 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200017 ER PT J AU Hall, IM Durmaz, T Mancini, RC Bailey, JE Rochau, GA Rosenberg, MJ Cohen, DH Golovkin, IE MacFarlane, JJ Sherril, ME Abdallah, J Heeter, RF Foord, ME Glenzer, SH Scott, HA AF Hall, I. M. Durmaz, T. Mancini, R. C. Bailey, J. E. Rochau, G. A. Rosenberg, M. J. Cohen, D. H. Golovkin, I. E. MacFarlane, J. J. Sherril, M. E. Abdallah, J. Heeter, R. F. Foord, M. E. Glenzer, S. H. Scott, H. A. TI Modelling, design and diagnostics for a photoionised plasma experiment SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Photoionised plasma; Laboratory Astrophysics; Hydrodynamic simulation; Atomic-kinetic modelling; Plasma spectroscopy ID CODE AB Photoionised plasmas are common in astrophysical environments and new high resolution spectra from such sources have been recorded in recent years by the Chandra and XMM-Newton satellites. These provide a wealth of spectroscopic information and have motivated recent efforts aimed at obtaining a detailed understanding of the atomic-kinetic and radiative characteristics of photoionised plasmas. The Z-pinch facility at the Sandia National Laboratories is the most powerful terrestrial source of X-rays and provides an opportunity to produce photoionised plasmas in a well characterised radiation environment. We present modelling work and experimental design considerations for a forthcoming experiment at Sandia in which X-rays from a collapsing Z-pinch will be used to photoionise low density neon contained in a gas cell. View factor calculations were used to evaluate the radiation environment at the gas cell; the hydrodynamic characteristics of the gas cell were examined using the Helios-CR code, in particular looking at the heating, temperature and ionisation of the neon and the absorption of radiation. Emission and absorption spectra were also computed, giving estimates of spectra likely to be observed experimentally. C1 [Hall, I. M.; Durmaz, T.; Mancini, R. C.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Bailey, J. E.; Rochau, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Rosenberg, M. J.; Cohen, D. H.] Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Sherril, M. E.; Abdallah, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Heeter, R. F.; Foord, M. E.; Glenzer, S. H.; Scott, H. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hall, IM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ihall@unr.edu OI Cohen, David/0000-0003-2995-4767 NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9930-4 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200020 ER PT J AU Saumon, D AF Saumon, D. TI To see the inside of a planet in a drop of deuterium SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Jupiter; Saturn; Equation of state; Hydrogen; Helium; Exoplanets ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; GIANT PLANETS; SHOCK COMPRESSION; JUPITER; SATURN; TRANSITION; EXOPLANETS; INTERIORS; HYDROGEN; HELIUM AB We briefly review the close connection between research on the equation of state of dense hydrogen and helium and models of the structure of Jupiter, Saturn and exoplanets and how they inform the process of planet formation. Recent progress in equation of state experiments and theory is high lighted. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saumon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM dsaumon@lanl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 123 EP 127 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9948-7 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200021 ER PT J AU Ryutov, DD Remington, BA AF Ryutov, D. D. Remington, B. A. TI Using the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for in situ measurements of thermal conductivity of warm dense matter SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Warm dense matter; Thermal conductivity; Equation of state AB The Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability of a material with stratified density, temperature, and composition is considered. The variation of composition gives rise to the appearance of modes whose growth rate is directly related to the finite thermal conductivity. It is suggested that this effect could be used for in situ measurements of thermal conductivity of warm dense matter. Expressions for the RT growth rate for the general equation of state are derived and the modes most suitable for measurements are identified. A desired perturbation can be introduced by machining the package or by using masks during the surface deposition process. To visualize the evolution of the embedded perturbation, higher-Z tracers can be used. A concept for a laser-driven experiment where this approach could be realized is presented. C1 [Ryutov, D. D.; Remington, B. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryutov, DD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ryutov1@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s10509-009-9980-2 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200024 ER PT J AU Martinez, D Presura, R Wright, S Plechaty, C Neff, S Wanex, L Ampleford, DJ AF Martinez, David Presura, Radu Wright, Sandra Plechaty, Chris Neff, Stephan Wanex, Lucas Ampleford, David J. TI Generation of shear flow in conical wire arrays with a center wire SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Shear flow; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; Conical wire array; Z-pinch ID STELLAR OUTFLOWS; JETS; INSTABILITIES; ASTROPHYSICS; MODEL AB At the Nevada Terawatt Facility we investigated the generation of a sheared plasma flow using conical wire arrays with an additional wire located on the axis of the pinch. The additional center wire generates axial current carrying plasma that serves as a target for the plasma accelerated from the outer wires, generating a sheared plasma flow which leads to the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. These experiments were conducted on Zebra, a 2 TW pulse power device capable of delivering a 1 MA current in 100 ns. This paper will focus on the implosion dynamics that lead to shear flow and the development of the Kelvin Helmholtz instability. C1 [Martinez, David; Presura, Radu; Wright, Sandra; Plechaty, Chris; Neff, Stephan; Wanex, Lucas] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Ampleford, David J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Martinez, D (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM dmartine@unr.nevada.edu NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X EI 1572-946X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s10509-008-9947-8 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200034 ER PT J AU Sotnikov, VI Ivanov, VV Presura, R Yassin, E Kindel, J Leboeuf, JN Onishchenko, OG Oliver, BV Jones, B Mehlhorn, TA Deeney, C AF Sotnikov, V. I. Ivanov, V. V. Presura, R. Yassin, E. Kindel, J. Leboeuf, J. N. Onishchenko, O. G. Oliver, B. V. Jones, B. Mehlhorn, T. A. Deeney, C. TI Investigation of flute instability in application to laboratory astrophysics and Z-pinch experiments SO ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics CY APR 11-15, 2008 CL St Louis, MO SP HEDLA, Amer Phys Soc DE Flute instability; High beta plasma; Nonlinear wave dynamics; Laboratory astrophysics experiments; Z-pinches ID MODE-INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DUSTY PLASMAS; DRIFT WAVES; LARGE-SCALE; DYNAMICS; GENERATION; CURVATURE; FLOWS AB Interaction of plasma flows with magnetic fields can lead to excitation of flute-like oscillations. These oscillations can also be excited in Z-pinch plasmas. We have developed understanding of nonlinear dynamics of compressible flute mode turbulence with spatial scales comparable to the ion Larmor radius in a high beta plasma, when these modes become electromagnetic and in the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field. It is shown that the flute waves are responsible for generation of large scale structures of streamer and zonal flow types as well as Kolmogorov type spectra in the short scale region. The relevance of the obtained results to laboratory astrophysics and Z-pinch experiments is discussed. C1 [Sotnikov, V. I.; Ivanov, V. V.; Presura, R.; Yassin, E.; Kindel, J.] Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Leboeuf, J. N.] JNL Sci, Casa Grande, AZ 85294 USA. [Onishchenko, O. G.] Inst Phys Earth, Moscow 123995, Russia. [Oliver, B. V.; Jones, B.; Mehlhorn, T. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Deeney, C.] Dept Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Sotnikov, VI (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM sotnikov@physics.unr.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0004-640X J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SCI JI Astrophys. Space Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 322 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 213 DI 10.1007/s10509-009-9998-5 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 461TA UT WOS:000267293200035 ER PT J AU Pavlopoulos, GA Moschopoulos, CN Hooper, SD Schneider, R Kossida, S AF Pavlopoulos, Georgios A. Moschopoulos, Charalampos N. Hooper, Sean D. Schneider, Reinhard Kossida, Sophia TI jClust: a clustering and visualization toolbox SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID NETWORKS; PROTEINS; COMPLEX AB jClust is a user-friendly application which provides access to a set of widely used clustering and clique finding algorithms. The toolbox allows a range of filtering procedures to be applied and is combined with an advanced implementation of the Medusa interactive visualization module. These implemented algorithms are k-Means, Affinity propagation, Bron-Kerbosch, MULIC, Restricted neighborhood search cluster algorithm, Markov clustering and Spectral clustering, while the supported filtering procedures are haircut, outside-inside, best neighbors and density control operations. The combination of a simple input. le format, a set of clustering and filtering algorithms linked together with the visualization tool provides a powerful tool for data analysis and information extraction. C1 [Pavlopoulos, Georgios A.; Schneider, Reinhard] Struct & Computat Biol Unit, Heidelberg, Germany. [Moschopoulos, Charalampos N.; Kossida, Sophia] Acad Athens, Biomed Res Fdn, Bioinformat & Med Informat Team, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. [Hooper, Sean D.] Genome Biol Program, Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Pavlopoulos, GA (reprint author), Struct & Computat Biol Unit, EMBL Meyerhofstr 1, Heidelberg, Germany. EM pavlopou@embl.de; rschneid@embl.de; skossida@bioacademy.gr RI Schneider, Reinhard/C-5441-2009; OI Pavlopoulos, Georgios/0000-0002-4577-8276 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 25 IS 15 BP 1994 EP 1996 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp330 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 472CP UT WOS:000268107100032 PM 19454618 ER PT J AU Shabalovskaya, SA Rondelli, GC Undisz, AL Anderegg, JW Burleigh, TD Rettenmayr, ME AF Shabalovskaya, Svetlana A. Rondelli, Gianni C. Undisz, Andreas L. Anderegg, James W. Burleigh, Thomas D. Rettenmayr, Markus E. TI The electrochemical characteristics of native Nitinol surfaces SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Nitinol; Ti based surface oxides; Ni ion release; Corrosion; Hemocompatibility; Fibrinogen ID DRUG-ELUTING STENTS; NI-TI ALLOY; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; BARE-METAL STENTS; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; TITANIUM; NICKEL; HEMOCOMPATIBILITY; IMPLANTS AB The present study explored the avenues for the improvement of native Nitinol surfaces for implantation obtained using traditional procedures such as mechanical polishing, chemical etching, electropolishing and heat treatments for a better understanding of their electrochemical behavior and associated surface stability, conductivity, reactivity and biological responses. The corrosion resistance (cyclic potential polarization, open circuit potential and polarization resistance) of Nitinol disc and wire samples were evaluated for various surface states in strain-free and strained wire conditions. The surface response to tension strain was studied in situ. Surface chemistry and structure were explored using XPS and Auger spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical methods, respectively. It was found that the polarization resistance of the Nitinol surfaces varied in a range from 100 k Omega to 10 M Omega cm(2) and the open circuit potentials from -440 mV to -55 mV. The surfaces prepared in chemical solutions showed consistent corrosion resistance in strain-free and strained states, but mechanically polished and heat treated samples were prone to pitting. Nitinol surface oxides are semiconductors with the band gaps of either 3.0 eV (rutile) or 3.4 eV (amorphous). The conductivity of semiconducting Nitinol surfaces relevant to their biological performances is discussed in terms of oxide stoichiometry and variable Ni content. Such biological characteristics of Nitinol surfaces as Ni release, fibrinogen adsorption and platelets behavior are re-examined based on the analysis of the results of the present study. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shabalovskaya, Svetlana A.; Anderegg, James W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Shabalovskaya, Svetlana A.; Undisz, Andreas L.; Rettenmayr, Markus E.] Univ Jena, Inst Mat Sci & Technol Met Mat, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Rondelli, Gianni C.] CNR, Inst Energy & Interphases, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Burleigh, Thomas D.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Met & Mat, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Shabalovskaya, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM shabalov@ameslab.gov FU Occlutech GmbH FX The authors would like to acknowledge the partial sponsorship from Occlutech GmbH during the period of the preparation of the manuscript as well as to thank Memry Corporation and, in particular, McD Schetky and Paul Adler for providing the material for the studies. The help of V. Koissin in the preparation of certain illustrations to the manuscript is also very much appreciated. This manuscript has been also authored by Iowa State University of Science and Technology under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 60 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 EI 1878-5905 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 22 BP 3662 EP 3671 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.03.034 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 461OM UT WOS:000267277400004 PM 19345407 ER PT J AU Riss, PJ Hooker, JM Alexoff, D Kim, SW Fowler, JS Rosch, F AF Riss, Patrick J. Hooker, Jacob M. Alexoff, David Kim, Sung-Won Fowler, Joanna S. Roesch, Frank TI [C-11]PR04.MZ, a promising DAT ligand for low concentration imaging: Synthesis, efficient C-11-O-methylation and initial small animal PET studies SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Dopamine transporter; MicroPET; Carbon-11; Test-block; O-methylation ID RADIOLIGANDS; TRIFLATE; COCAINE; BINDING; SITES; BRAIN AB PR04.MZ was designed as a highly selective dopamine transporter inhibitor, derived from natural cocaine. Its binding pro. le indicates that [C-11]PR04.MZ may be suited as a PET radiolig and for the non-invasive exploration of striatal and extrastriatal DAT populations. As a key feature, its structural design facilitates both, labelling with fluorine-18 at its terminally fluorinated butynyl moiety and carbon-11 at its methyl ester function. The present report concerns the efficient [C-11]MeI mediated synthesis of [C-11]PR04. MZ from an O-desmethyl precursor trifluoroacetic acid salt with Rb2CO3 in DMF in up to 95 +/- 5% labelling yield. A preliminary mu PET-experiment demonstrates the reversible, highly specific binding of [C-11]PR04. MZ in the brain of a male Sprague-Dawley rat. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Riss, Patrick J.; Hooker, Jacob M.; Alexoff, David; Kim, Sung-Won; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Riss, Patrick J.; Roesch, Frank] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Nucl Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Riss, PJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM riss@uni-mainz.de OI Hooker, Jacob/0000-0002-9394-7708 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 19 IS 15 BP 4343 EP 4345 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.05.090 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 469LQ UT WOS:000267900900076 PM 19525112 ER PT J AU Ching, J Brown, M Burian, S Chen, F Cionco, R Hanna, A Hultgren, T McPherson, T Sailor, D Taha, H Williams, D AF Ching, Jason Brown, Michael Burian, Steven Chen, Fei Cionco, Ron Hanna, Adel Hultgren, Torrin McPherson, Timothy Sailor, David Taha, Haider Williams, David TI NATIONAL URBAN DATABASE AND ACCESS PORTAL TOOL SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OZONE AIR-QUALITY; CANOPY PARAMETERIZATION; MODELING SYSTEM; MM5; IMPLEMENTATION; SENSITIVITY; IMPACTS; BASIN AB Based on the need for advanced treatments of high-resolution urban morphological features (e. g., buildings and trees) in meteorological, dispersion, air quality, and human-exposure modeling systems for future urban applications, a new project was launched called the National Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (NUDAPT). NUDAPT is sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) and involves collaborations and contributions from many groups, including federal and state agencies, and from private and academic institutions here and in other countries. It is designed to produce and provide gridded fields of urban canopy parameters for various new and advanced descriptions of model physics to improve urban simulations, given the availability of new high-resolution data of buildings, vegetation, and land use. Additional information, including gridded anthropogenic heating (AH) and population data, is incorporated to further improve urban simulations and to encourage and facilitate decision support and application linkages to human exposure models. An important core-design feature is the utilization of Web portal technology to enable NUDAPT to be a "community" based system. This Web-based portal technology will facilitate the customizing of data handling and retrievals (www.nudapt.org). This article provides an overview of NUDAPT and several example applications. C1 [Ching, Jason] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Brown, Michael; McPherson, Timothy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Burian, Steven] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Chen, Fei] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hanna, Adel] Univ N Carolina, Inst Environm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Hultgren, Torrin] Comp Sci Corp, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Sailor, David] Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Taha, Haider] Altostratus Inc, Martinez, CA USA. [Williams, David] US EPA, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Ching, J (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, MS E243-04, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM ching.jason@epa.gov RI Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Sailor, David/E-6308-2014; OI Sailor, David/0000-0003-1720-8214; Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835; Burian, Steven/0000-0003-0523-4968 NR 33 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 90 IS 8 BP 1157 EP 1168 DI 10.1175/2009BAMS2675.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 500AK UT WOS:000270269100009 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Benmore, CJ Stankovich, S Ruoff, RS AF Johnson, J. A. Benmore, C. J. Stankovich, S. Ruoff, R. S. TI A neutron diffraction study of nano-crystalline graphite oxide SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR AB The structure of graphite oxide has been studied by neutron diffraction and is found to be nano-crystalline, the diffraction pattern being a mixture of Bragg and diffuse scattering. Three strong Bragg peaks were found in the structure factor from which the layer spacing was calculated and found to be consistent with different structural regions within the graphite oxide, specifically regions of graphitic-like flat hexagons and regions containing oxidized chain-like structures. The neutron scattering pair distribution function is compared to four previously published low energy Monte Carlo structural models of GO. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, J. A.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, MSE, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Johnson, J. A.; Benmore, C. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Stankovich, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Ruoff, R. S.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ruoff, R. S.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, MSE, 411 BH Goethert Pkwy, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. EM jjohnson@utsi.edu RI Ruoff, Rodney/B-7605-2009; Ruoff, Rodney/K-3879-2015; Johnson, Jacqueline/P-4844-2014; OI Johnson, Jacqueline/0000-0003-0830-9275; Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 FU DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DARPA iMINT; The University of Texas at Austin FX Dr. J. Paci is thanked for providing the atomic coordinates of the models in Ref. [23]. The experiments at Argonne National Laboratory were supported by the US. DOE under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. RSR appreciates support from the DARPA iMINT and The University of Texas at Austin. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2239 EP 2243 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.016 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 470HG UT WOS:000267965200019 ER PT J AU Atwater, MA Phillips, J Doorn, SK Luhrs, CC Fernandez, Y Menendez, JA Leseman, ZC AF Atwater, Mark A. Phillips, Jonathan Doorn, Stephen K. Luhrs, Claudia C. Fernandez, Y. Menendez, J. A. Leseman, Zayd C. TI The production of carbon nanofibers and thin films on palladium catalysts from ethylene-oxygen mixtures SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID MONOXIDE-HYDROGEN MIXTURES; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; NICKEL-CATALYSTS; FILAMENTOUS CARBON; IRON-NICKEL; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH; NANOTUBES; PLATINUM; SEEDS AB The characteristics of carbonaceous materials deposited in fuel rich ethylene-oxygen mixtures on three types of palladium: foil, sputtered film, and nanopowder, are reported. It was found that the form of palladium has a dramatic influence on the morphology of the deposited carbon. In particular, on sputtered film and powder, tight 'weaves' of sub-micron filaments formed quickly In contrast, on foils under identical conditions, the dominant morphology is carbon thin films with basal planes oriented parallel to the substrate surface. Temperature, gas flow rate, reactant flow ratio (C(2)H(4):O(2)), and residence time (position) were found to influence both growth rate and type for all three forms of Pd. X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed oxidation, and Raman spectroscopy were used to assess the crystallinity of the as-deposited carbon, and it was determined that transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were the most reliable methods for determining crystallinity. The dependence of growth on reactor position, and the fact that no growth was observed in the absence of oxygen support the postulate that the carbon deposition proceeds by combustion generated radical species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, Jonathan; Doorn, Stephen K.] Univ New Mexico, Los Alamos Natl Labs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Atwater, Mark A.; Phillips, Jonathan; Luhrs, Claudia C.; Leseman, Zayd C.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Fernandez, Y.; Menendez, J. A.] CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon, E-33080 Oviedo, Spain. RP Phillips, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Los Alamos Natl Labs, MSE549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jphillips@lanl.gov RI Phillips, Jonathan/D-3760-2011; Fernandez Diez, Yolanda/D-5959-2013; Menendez, J. Angel/K-8820-2014 OI Fernandez Diez, Yolanda/0000-0002-0034-6154; Menendez, J. Angel/0000-0003-3117-3337 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2269 EP 2280 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.019 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 470HG UT WOS:000267965200023 ER PT J AU Fingland, BR Ribeiro, FH Miller, JT AF Fingland, Bradley R. Ribeiro, Fabio H. Miller, Jeffrey T. TI Simultaneous Measurement of X-ray Absorption Spectra and Kinetics: A Fixed-bed, Plug-flow Operando Reactor SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Operando measurements; XAS measurements ID WATER-GAS SHIFT; METHANOL SYNTHESIS; HIGH-PRESSURE; INSITU CELL; CATALYSTS; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE AB An inexpensive fixed-bed, plug-flow operando reactor is described in which X-ray absorbance and kinetic data can be measured simultaneously. Pt L(3) (11.56 keV) XANES and EXAFS data were obtained on a 1.5% Pt/silica catalyst in borosilicate glass reactors of different diameters, 3-6 mm, and thicknesses, 0.3-1.2 mm, some of which are capable of operation at pressures up to about 40 atm. Additionally, polyimide tubular reactors with low absorbance can be used for lower energy edges of the 3d transition metals, or fluorescence detection for low concentration or highly absorbing supports. With the polyimide reactor, however, the pressure is limited to similar to 3.5 atm and the reaction temperature to about 300 A degrees C. To validate the reactor, the rate and activation energies for the water-gas shift reaction on 2% Pd, 13.7% Zn on Al(2)O(3) catalyst were within 15% of those obtained in a standard laboratory reactor, which is within laboratory reproducibility. In addition, the Pd K edge (24.35 keV) XANES and EXAFS data on pre-reduced catalyst were identical to that previously determined on a regular cell. The EXAFS data show that the degree of Pd-Zn alloy formation changes with reaction temperature demonstrating the importance of characterizing the catalyst under reaction conditions. C1 [Fingland, Bradley R.; Ribeiro, Fabio H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miller, Jeffrey T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ribeiro, FH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, 480 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM fabio@purdue.edu; millerjt@anl.gov RI ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; OI Ribeiro, Fabio/0000-0001-7752-461X FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-03ER15408]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; MRCAT; Department of Energy FX Support for this research was provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant no. DE-FG02-03ER15408. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and MRCAT (Sector 10) operations are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s10562-009-0026-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 474OV UT WOS:000268294700001 ER PT J AU Ren, Y Ma, Z Qian, LP Dai, S He, HY Bruce, PG AF Ren, Yu Ma, Zhen Qian, Linping Dai, Sheng He, Heyong Bruce, Peter G. TI Ordered Crystalline Mesoporous Oxides as Catalysts for CO Oxidation SO CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Mesoporous metal oxides; Ordered; CO oxidation; Hard template; Crystalline ID CUO-CEO2 CATALYSTS; CO3O4; SILICA; WALLS; PROPERTY; NANORODS; NANOCRYSTALS; STRATEGY; CEO2; NIO AB Crystalline mesoporous metal oxides have attracted considerable attention recently, but their catalytic applications have rarely been studied. In this work, a series of crystalline three-dimensional mesoporous metal oxides (i.e., CeO(2), Co(3)O(4), Cr(2)O(3), CuO, Fe(2)O(3), beta-MnO(2), Mn(2)O(3), Mn(3)O(4), NiO, and NiCoMnO(4)) were prepared using the mesoporous silica KIT-6 as a hard template. These ordered mesoporous metal oxides with highly crystalline walls were characterized by PXRD, TEM, N(2) adsorption and evaluated as CO oxidation catalysts. These mesoporous materials, except for mesoporous Fe(2)O(3), exhibit much higher catalytic activities than their bulk counterparts. In particular, mesoporous Co(3)O(4), beta-MnO(2), and NiO show appreciable CO oxidation activity below 0 A degrees C, and the catalytic activities of mesoporous beta-MnO(2), and NiO are even higher than those of their nanoparticulate counterparts with large surface areas. beta-MnO(2) is particularly interesting because it combines low cost and low toxicity with high activity (T (50) = 39 A degrees C). C1 [Ren, Yu; Bruce, Peter G.] Univ St Andrews, EastChem & Sch Chem, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. [Ma, Zhen; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Qian, Linping; He, Heyong] Fudan Univ, Dept Chem, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Qian, Linping; He, Heyong] Fudan Univ, Shanghai Key Lab Mol Catalysis & Innovat Mat, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Bruce, PG (reprint author), Univ St Andrews, EastChem & Sch Chem, Purdie Bldg, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. EM yr8@st-andrews.ac.uk; zmu@ornl.gov; lpqian@fudan.edu.cn; dais@ornl.gov; heyonghe@fudan.edu.cn; p.g.bruce@st-andrews.ac.uk RI Ren, David Yu/A-6191-2011; Ma, Zhen/F-1348-2010; Ren, Yu/F-7262-2010; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Ma, Zhen/0000-0002-2391-4943; Ren, Yu/0000-0001-8572-5489; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU EPSRC; SUPERGEN program; EU; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Science & Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [08DZ2270500] FX Y. R. thanks EaStCHEM for a studentship. P. G. B. is indebted to the EPSRC including the SUPERGEN program and the EU for financial support. S. D. thanks the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE ( Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725). H. H. thanks Science & Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (08DZ2270500). NR 40 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 9 U2 138 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1011-372X J9 CATAL LETT JI Catal. Lett. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 1-2 BP 146 EP 154 DI 10.1007/s10562-009-9931-0 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 474OV UT WOS:000268294700020 ER PT J AU Himmel, ME AF Himmel, Michael E. TI Corn stover conversion to biofuels: DOE's preparation for readiness in 2012 SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Mike_Himmel@nrel.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 531 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9335-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600001 ER PT J AU Aden, A Foust, T AF Aden, Andy Foust, Thomas TI Technoeconomic analysis of the dilute sulfuric acid and enzymatic hydrolysis process for the conversion of corn stover to ethanol SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Bioenergy; Economic analysis; Bioethanol; Corn stover AB Technoeconomic analysis has been used to guide the research and development of lignocellulosic biofuels production processes for over two decades. Such analysis has served to identify the key technical barriers for these conversion processes so that research can be targeted most effectively on the pertinent challenges. The tools and methodology used to develop conceptual conversion processes and analyze their economics are presented here. In addition, the current process design and economic results are described for dilute acid pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Modeled ethanol costs of $1.33/gallon (in consistent year 2007 dollars) are being targeted for this commercial scale corn stover conversion process in 2012. State of technology models, which take actual research results and project them to commercial scale, estimate an ethanol cost of $2.43/gallon at present. In order to further reduce costs, process improvements must be made in several areas, including pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. As the biomass industry develops, new fuels and new feedstocks are being researched. Technoeconomic analysis will play a key role in process development and targeting of technical and economic barriers for these new fuels and feedstocks. C1 [Aden, Andy; Foust, Thomas] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Aden, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM andy_aden@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program under contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). NR 30 TC 144 Z9 149 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 535 EP 545 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9327-8 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600002 ER PT J AU Foust, TD Aden, A Dutta, A Phillips, S AF Foust, Thomas D. Aden, Andy Dutta, Abhijit Phillips, Steven TI An economic and environmental comparison of a biochemical and a thermochemical lignocellulosic ethanol conversion processes SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Biochemical; Thermochemical; Biomass; Feedstock; Ethanol; Corn stover; Gasification; Catalyst; Fuel synthesis; Pretreatment; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Fermentation; Energy efficiency; Emission; Inhibitor; Recycle; Mixed alcohol ID BIOMASS-DERIVED SYNGAS; TRANSPORTATION FUELS; CORN STOVER; GASIFICATION; PYROLYSIS; CATALYST; FERMENTATION; TECHNOLOGIES; ALCOHOLS; BIOFUELS AB With the world's focus on rapidly deploying second generation biofuels technologies, there exists today a good deal of interest in how yields, economics, and environmental impacts of the various conversion processes of lignocellulosic biomass to transportation fuels compare. Although there is a good deal of information regarding these conversion processes, this information is typically very difficult to use on a comparison basis because different underlying assumptions, such as feedstock costs, plant size, co-product credits or assumed state of technology, have been utilized. In this study, a rigorous comparison of different biomass to transportation fuels conversion processes was performed with standard underlying economic and environmental assumptions so that exact comparisons can be made. This study looked at promising second-generation conversion processes utilizing biochemical and thermochemical gasification technologies on both a current and an achievable state of technology in 2012. The fundamental finding of this study is that although the biochemical and thermochemical processes to ethanol analyzed have their individual strengths and weaknesses, the two processes have very comparable yields, economics, and environmental impacts. Hence, this study concludes that based on this analysis there is not a distinct economic or environmental impact difference between biochemical and thermochemical gasification processes for second generation ethanol production. C1 [Foust, Thomas D.; Aden, Andy; Dutta, Abhijit; Phillips, Steven] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Foust, TD (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM thomas_foust@nrel.gov RI Langholtz, Matthew/B-9416-2012 OI Langholtz, Matthew/0000-0002-8153-7154 FU US DOE Office of the Biomass Program FX The work was supported by the US DOE Office of the Biomass Program. NR 52 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 46 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 547 EP 565 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9317-x PG 19 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600003 ER PT J AU Wolfrum, EJ Sluiter, AD AF Wolfrum, Edward J. Sluiter, Amie D. TI Improved multivariate calibration models for corn stover feedstock and dilute-acid pretreated corn stover SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Near-infrared; Biomass; Compositional analysis; Chemometrics; Multivariate; Calibration model; Corn stover ID COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSIS AB We have studied rapid calibration models to predict the composition of a variety of biomass feedstocks by correlating near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic data to compositional data produced using traditional wet chemical analysis techniques. The rapid calibration models are developed using multivariate statistical analysis of the spectroscopic and wet chemical data. This work discusses the latest versions of the NIR calibration models for corn stover feedstock and dilute-acid pretreated corn stover. Measures of the calibration precision and uncertainty are presented. No statistically significant differences (p = 0.05) are seen between NIR calibration models built using different mathematical pretreatments. Finally, two common algorithms for building NIR calibration models are compared; no statistically significant differences (p = 0.05) are seen for the major constituents glucan, xylan, and lignin, but the algorithms did produce different predictions for total extractives. A single calibration model combining the corn stover feedstock and dilute-acid pretreated corn stover samples gave less satisfactory predictions than the separate models. C1 [Wolfrum, Edward J.; Sluiter, Amie D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Wolfrum, EJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO USA. EM ed_wolfrum@nrel.gov OI Wolfrum, Edward/0000-0002-7361-8931 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9320-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600004 ER PT J AU Wolfrum, EJ Lorenz, AJ deLeon, N AF Wolfrum, Edward J. Lorenz, Aaron J. deLeon, Natalia TI Correlating detergent fiber analysis and dietary fiber analysis data for corn stover collected by NIRS SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Detergent fiber analysis; Corn stover; NDF; ADF; Compositional analysis; Dietary fiber analysis ID MAIZE; LIGNIN; NUTRITION; QUALITY AB There exist large amounts of detergent fiber analysis data [neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL)] for many different potential cellulosic ethanol feedstocks, since these techniques are widely used for the analysis of forages. Researchers working in the area of cellulosic ethanol are interested in the structural carbohydrates in a feedstock (principally glucan and xylan), which are typically determined by acid hydrolysis of the structural fraction after multiple extractions of the biomass. These so-called dietary fiber analysis methods are significantly more involved than detergent fiber analysis methods. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is feasible to correlate detergent fiber analysis values to glucan and xylan content determined by dietary fiber analysis methods for corn stover. In the detergent fiber analysis literature cellulose is often estimated as the difference between ADF and ADL, while hemicellulose is often estimated as the difference between NDF and ADF. Examination of a corn stover dataset containing both detergent fiber analysis data and dietary fiber analysis data predicted using near infrared spectroscopy shows that correlations between structural glucan measured using dietary fiber techniques and cellulose estimated using detergent techniques, and between structural xylan measured using dietary fiber techniques and hemicellulose estimated using detergent techniques are high, but are driven largely by the underlying correlation between total extractives measured by fiber analysis and NDF/ADF. That is, detergent analysis data is correlated to dietary fiber analysis data for structural carbohydrates, but only indirectly; the main correlation is between detergent analysis data and solvent extraction data produced during the dietary fiber analysis procedure. C1 [Wolfrum, Edward J.] Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Lorenz, Aaron J.; deLeon, Natalia] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Wolfrum, EJ (reprint author), Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM ed_wolfrum@nrel.gov OI Wolfrum, Edward/0000-0002-7361-8931 NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 577 EP 585 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9318-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600005 ER PT J AU Liu, YS Zeng, YN Luo, YH Xu, Q Himmel, ME Smith, SJ Ding, SY AF Liu, Yu-San Zeng, Yining Luo, Yonghua Xu, Qi Himmel, Michael E. Smith, Steve J. Ding, Shi-You TI Does the cellulose-binding module move on the cellulose surface? SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Cellulose; Carbohydrate-binding module (CBM); Single molecule spectroscopy ID HAND-OVER-HAND; QUANTUM DOTS; LIVING CELLS; PROTEINS; CDSE; DNA; LOCALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; DIFFUSION AB Exoglucanases are key enzymes required for the efficient hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose. It has been proposed that exoglucanases hydrolyze cellulose chains in a processive manner to produce primarily cellobiose. Usually, two functional modules are involved in the processive mechanism: a catalytic module and a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM). In this report, single molecule tracking techniques were used to analyze the molecular motion of CBMs labeled with quantum dots (QDs) and bound to cellulose crystals. By tracking the single QD, we observed that the family 2 CBM from Acidothermus cellulolyticus (AcCBM2) exhibited linear motion along the long axis of the cellulose fiber. This apparent movement was observed consistently when different concentrations (25 mu M to 25 nM) of AcCBM2 were used. Although the mechanism of AcCBM2 motion remains unknown, single-molecule spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a promising tool for acquiring new fundamental understanding of cellulase action. C1 [Liu, Yu-San; Zeng, Yining; Luo, Yonghua; Xu, Qi; Himmel, Michael E.; Ding, Shi-You] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Smith, Steve J.] S Dakota Sch Mines, Dept Elect Engn & Phys, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. RP Ding, SY (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM shi.you.ding@nrel.gov RI Luo, Y/H-6294-2012; Ding, Shi-You/O-1209-2013 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Biomass Program; DOE Office of Science; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE Bioenergy Research Center FX The authors thank Dr. Haw Yang and his group at University of California at Berkeley for valuable discussions. The authors gratefully acknowledge the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Biomass Program for support of the work to develop quantum dot conjugates and support from the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research through the BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), a DOE Bioenergy Research Center, for the work on single molecule visualization and analysis. NR 34 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 587 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9306-0 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600006 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Kenney, KL Wright, CT Perlack, R Turhollow, A AF Hess, J. Richard Kenney, Kevin L. Wright, Christopher T. Perlack, Robert Turhollow, Anthony TI Corn stover availability for biomass conversion: situation analysis SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Feedstock logistics; Corn stover; Harvesting; Collection; Storage; Preprocessing; Transportation ID REMOVAL; STORAGE; HARVEST AB As biorefining conversion technologies become commercial, feedstock availability, supply system logistics, and biomass material attributes are emerging as major barriers to the availability of corn stover for biorefining. While systems do exist to supply corn stover as feedstock to biorefining facilities, stover material attributes affecting physical deconstruction, such as densification and post-harvest material stability, challenge the cost-effectiveness of present-day feedstock logistics systems. In addition, the material characteristics of corn stover create barriers with any supply system design in terms of equipment capacity/efficiency, dry matter loss, and capital use efficiency. However, analysis of a conventional large square bale corn stover feedstock supply system concludes that (1) where other agronomic factors are not limiting, corn stover can be accessed and supplied to a biorefinery using existing bale-based technologies, (2) technologies and new supply system designs are necessary to overcome biomass bulk density and moisture material property challenges, and (3) major opportunities to improve conventional bale biomass feedstock supply systems include improvements in equipment efficiency and capacity and reducing biomass losses in harvesting, collection, and storage. Finally, the backbone of an effective stover supply system design is the optimization of intended and minimization of unintended material property changes as the corn stover passes through the individual supply system processes from the field to the biorefinery conversion processes. C1 [Hess, J. Richard; Kenney, Kevin L.; Wright, Christopher T.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Perlack, Robert; Turhollow, Anthony] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hess, JR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM JRichard.Hess@inl.gov FU US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 599 EP 619 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9323-z PG 21 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600007 ER PT J AU Templeton, DW Sluiter, AD Hayward, TK Hames, BR Thomas, SR AF Templeton, David W. Sluiter, Amie D. Hayward, Tammy K. Hames, Bonnie R. Thomas, Steven R. TI Assessing corn stover composition and sources of variability via NIRS SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Zea mays L.; Corn stover; Maize stover; Biomass; Crop residue; Biomass conversion feedstock; Lignocellulosic biorefinery; Compositional analysis; Compositional variability; Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy; NIRS; Biorefinery; Biofuels ID BIOFUELS; FEEDSTOCK; REMOVAL; CROP AB Corn stover, the above-ground, non-grain portion of the crop, is a large, currently available source of biomass that potentially could be collected as a biofuels feedstock. Biomass conversion process economics are directly affected by the overall biochemical conversion yield, which is assumed to be proportional to the carbohydrate content of the feedstock materials used in the process. Variability in the feedstock carbohydrate levels affects the maximum theoretical biofuels yield and may influence the optimum pretreatment or saccharification conditions. The aim of this study is to assess the extent to which commercial hybrid corn stover composition varies and begin to partition the variation among genetic, environmental, or annual influences. A rapid compositional analysis method using near-infrared spectroscopy/partial least squares multivariate modeling (NIR/PLS) was used to evaluate compositional variation among 508 commercial hybrid corn stover samples collected from 47 sites in eight Corn Belt states after the 2001, 2002, and 2003 harvests. The major components of the corn stover, reported as average (standard deviation) % dry weight, whole biomass basis, were glucan 31.9 (2.0), xylan 18.9 (1.3), solubles composite 17.9 (4.1), and lignin (corrected for protein) 13.3 (1.1). We observed wide variability in the major corn stover components. Much of the variation observed in the structural components (on a whole biomass basis) is due to the large variation found in the soluble components. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the harvest year had the strongest effect on corn stover compositional variation, followed by location and then variety. The NIR/PLS rapid analysis method used here is well suited to testing large numbers of samples, as tested in this study, and will support feedstock improvement and biofuels process research. C1 [Templeton, David W.; Sluiter, Amie D.; Hayward, Tammy K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Templeton, DW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3323, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david.templeton@nrel.gov FU US Department of Energy; Office of the Biomass Program FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of the Biomass Program. The authors thank the corn stover providers from the University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension (including Dr. Dale Hicks, Tom Hoverstad, and Steve Quiring), Monsanto Corporation (including Diane Freeman, Brad Krohn, Matt Kraus, Brad Miller, Dale Sorensen, and a host of others), and the University of Wisconsin (including Drs. Joe Lauer and Jim Coors). We thank Rick Kenney of Hazen Research, Inc., (Golden, CO) for extensive sample preparation. We thank Charnelle Clarke, Cheryl Jurich, Jonathan Meuser, Ryan Ness, Chris Parks, Chris Roth, Justin Sluiter, Jeff Wolfe, and Millie Zuccarello for preparing samples and/or collecting NIR spectra. We thank Ed Wolfrum, Danny Inman, Julie Tuttle, Sara Havig, Dan NR 22 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 621 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9325-x PG 19 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600008 ER PT J AU Park, S Johnson, DK Ishizawa, CI Parilla, PA Davis, MF AF Park, Sunkyu Johnson, David K. Ishizawa, Claudia I. Parilla, Philip A. Davis, Mark F. TI Measuring the crystallinity index of cellulose by solid state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Cellulose; Crystallinity index; Subtraction; Solid state NMR; X-ray diffraction ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NMR; FIBERS AB The crystallinity index of cellulose is an important parameter to establish because of the effect this property has on the utilization of cellulose as a material and as a feedstock for biofuels production. However, it has been found that the crystallinity index varies significantly depending on the choice of instrument and data analysis technique applied to the measurement. We introduce in this study a simple and straightforward method to evaluate the crystallinity index of cellulose. This novel method was developed using solid state C-13 NMR and subtraction of the spectrum of a standard amorphous cellulose. The crystallinity indexes of twelve different celluloses were measured and the values from this method were compared with the values obtained by other existing methods, including methods based on X-ray diffraction. An interesting observation was that the hydration of the celluloses increased their crystallinity indexes by about 5%, suggesting that addition of water increased cellulose order for all the cellulose samples studied. C1 [Davis, Mark F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Parilla, Philip A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Park, Sunkyu; Johnson, David K.; Ishizawa, Claudia I.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Davis, MF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sunkyu_park@ncsu.edu; david.johnson@nrel.gov; Cishizawa@yahoo.com; parilla.phillip@nrel.gov; mark.davis@nrel.gov RI Johnson, David/G-4959-2011; OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4815-8782; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 NR 14 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 EI 1572-882X J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9321-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600009 ER PT J AU Elander, RT Dale, BE Holtzapple, M Ladisch, MR Lee, YY Mitchinson, C Saddler, JN Wyman, CE AF Elander, Richard T. Dale, Bruce E. Holtzapple, Mark Ladisch, Michael R. Lee, Y. Y. Mitchinson, Colin Saddler, John N. Wyman, Charles E. TI Summary of findings from the Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation (CAFI): corn stover pretreatment SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Ammonia fiber expansion; Ammonia recycle percolation pretreatment; CAFI; Controlled pH pretreatment; Corn stover; Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Lime pretreatment; Pretreatment; Sulfur dioxide pretreatment ID COMPARATIVE SUGAR RECOVERY; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; HOT-WATER; TECHNOLOGIES; OPTIMIZATION AB The Biomass Refining Consortium for Applied Fundamentals and Innovation, with members from Auburn University, Dartmouth College, Michigan State University, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Purdue University, Texas A&M University, the University of British Columbia, and the University of California at Riverside, has developed comparative data on the conversion of corn stover to sugars by several leading pretreatment technologies. These technologies include ammonia fiber expansion pretreatment, ammonia recycle percolation pretreatment, dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment, flowthrough pretreatment (hot water or dilute acid), lime pretreatment, controlled pH hot water pretreatment, and sulfur dioxide steam explosion pretreatment. Over the course of two separate USDA- and DOE-funded projects, these pretreatment technologies were applied to two different corn stover batches, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining solids from each pretreatment technology using identical enzyme preparations, enzyme loadings, and enzymatic hydrolysis assays. Identical analytical methods and a consistent material balance methodology were employed to develop comparative sugar yield data for each pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. Although there were differences in the profiles of sugar release, with the more acidic pretreatments releasing more xylose directly in the pretreatment step than the alkaline pretreatments, the overall glucose and xylose yields (monomers + oligomers) from combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process steps were very similar for all of these leading pretreatment technologies. Some of the water-only and alkaline pretreatment technologies resulted in significant amounts of residual xylose oligomers still remaining after enzymatic hydrolysis that may require specialized enzyme preparations to fully convert xylose oligomers to monomers. C1 [Elander, Richard T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Holtzapple, Mark] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Ladisch, Michael R.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Lee, Y. Y.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Mitchinson, Colin] Genencor Inc, Danisco Div, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Saddler, John N.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Wyman, Charles E.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Elander, RT (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM richard.elander@nrel.gov RI Saddler, Jack (John)/A-9103-2013 FU Unites States Department of Agriculture Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems Program [00-52104-9663]; United States Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program [DE-FG36-04GO14017]; Natural Resources Canada; University of British Columbia in the second CAFI project FX The authors wish to acknowledge the Unites States Department of Agriculture Initiative for Future Agricultural and Food Systems Program (contract number 00-52104-9663) and the United States Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program (contract number DE-FG36-04GO14017) for funding the collaborative research projects of the CAFI team. In addition, support by Natural Resources Canada allowed participation by the University of British Columbia in the second CAFI project. The authors also recognize Tim Eggeman of Neoterics International, who (via contract with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory) has provided the process engineering and economic analysis expertise in support of all CAFI projects to date. We also wish to recognize the true collaborative spirit of the CAFI team that makes such projects possible and pleasurable and thank the many undergraduate and graduate students, post doctoral candidates, technicians, and others on the CAFI Team for their vital role in developing this information. NR 18 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 649 EP 659 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9308-y PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600010 ER PT J AU Naran, R Black, S Decker, SR Azadi, P AF Naran, Radnaa Black, Stuart Decker, Stephen R. Azadi, Parastoo TI Extraction and characterization of native heteroxylans from delignified corn stover and aspen SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Biomass delignification; Plant cell wall; Glucuronoxylan; Hardwood xylan; Corn stover xylan; Xylan acetylation; Endoxylanase; Homo- and-heteronuclear NMR-spectroscopy; MALDI-TOF MS ID CELL-WALL POLYSACCHARIDES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MAIZE COLEOPTILES; BRAN; HEMICELLULOSES; MONOCOTYLEDONS; UNIQUE; XYLAN; ACIDS AB Dimethylsulfoxide-solubilized polysaccharides from delignified corn stover and aspen were characterized. The biomass was delignified by two different techniques; a standard acid chlorite and a pulp and paper QPD technique comprising chelation (Q), peroxide (P), and acid-chlorite (D). Major polysaccharides in all fractions were diversely substituted xylan. Xylan acetylation was intact after chlorite delignification and, as expected, xylan from QPD-delignified fraction was de-acetylated by the alkaline peroxide step. The study of DMSO-extractable xylans from chlorite-delignified biomass revealed major differences in native acetylation patterns between corn stover and aspen xylan. Xylan from cell walls of corn stover contains 2-O- and 3-O-mono-acetylated xylan and [MeGlcA-alpha-(1 -> 2)][3-OAc]-xylp units. In addition, aspen xylan also contains 2,3-di-O-acetylated xylose. 1,4-beta-d-xylp residues substituted with MeGlcA at O-2 position are absent in chlorite-delignified aspen xylan. Sugar composition in accord with NMR-spectroscopic data indicated that corn stover xylan is arabinosylated while aspen xylan is not. We have shown that corn stover xylan has similar structure with xylans from other plants of Poales order. No evidence was found to indicate the presence of 1,4-beta-d-[MeGlcA-alpha-(1 -> 2)][Ara-alpha-(1 -> 3)]-xylp in corn stover xylan fractions. C1 [Naran, Radnaa; Azadi, Parastoo] Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Black, Stuart; Decker, Stephen R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Azadi, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM azadi@ccrc.uga.edu FU United States Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program FX The authors would like to thank Dr Nyamdari Batbayar for his helpful discussions of NMR-spectroscopic interpretations and reading of the manuscript; and Dr John Glushka for NMR-technical assistance. This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 661 EP 675 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9324-y PG 15 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600011 ER PT J AU Ishizawa, CI Jeoh, T Adney, WS Himmel, ME Johnson, DK Davis, MF AF Ishizawa, Claudia I. Jeoh, Tina Adney, William S. Himmel, Michael E. Johnson, David K. Davis, Mark F. TI Can delignification decrease cellulose digestibility in acid pretreated corn stover? SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Lignin; Pretreatment; Corn stover; Accessibility; Digestibility; Trichoderma reesei ID DILUTE-SULFURIC-ACID; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; MIXED HARDWOOD; LIGNIN; WOOD; ADSORPTION; SACCHARIFICATION; FERMENTATION AB It has previously been shown that the improved digestibility of dilute acid pretreated corn stover is at least partially due to the removal of xylan and the consequent increase in accessibility of the cellulose to cellobiohydrolase enzymes. We now report on the impact that lignin removal has on the accessibility and digestibility of dilute acid pretreated corn stover. Samples of corn stover were subjected to dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment with and without simultaneous (partial) lignin removal. In addition, some samples were completely delignified after the pretreatment step using acidified sodium chlorite. The accessibility and digestibility of the samples were tested using a fluorescence-labeled cellobiohydrolase (Trichoderma reesei Cel7A) purified from a commercial cellulase preparation. Partial delignification of corn stover during dilute acid pretreatment was shown to improve cellulose digestibility by T. reesei Cel7A; however, decreasing the lignin content below 5% (g g(-1)) by treatment with acidified sodium chlorite resulted in a dramatic reduction in cellulose digestibility. Importantly, this effect was found to be enhanced in samples with lower xylan contents suggesting that the near complete removal of xylan and lignin may cause aggregation of the cellulose microfibrils resulting in decreased cellulase accessibility. C1 [Ishizawa, Claudia I.; Jeoh, Tina; Adney, William S.; Himmel, Michael E.; Johnson, David K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Davis, Mark F.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Johnson, DK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cishizawa@yahoo.com; tjeoh@ucdavis.edu; bill.adney@nrel.gov; mike.himmel@nrel.gov; david.johnson@nrel.gov; mark.davis@nrel.gov RI Johnson, David/G-4959-2011; OI Johnson, David/0000-0003-4815-8782; davis, mark/0000-0003-4541-9852 FU United States Department of Energy; Office of the Biomass Program FX The authors thank Stuart Black for preparing the clean fractionation process samples, Dan Schell for providing the pilot-scale vertical reactor samples and the United States Department of Energy, Office of the Biomass Program for funding this work. NR 35 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 677 EP 686 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9313-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600012 ER PT J AU Jovanovic, I Magnuson, JK Collart, F Robbertse, B Adney, WS Himmel, ME Baker, SE AF Jovanovic, Iva Magnuson, Jon K. Collart, Frank Robbertse, Barbara Adney, William S. Himmel, Michael E. Baker, Scott E. TI Fungal glycoside hydrolases for saccharification of lignocellulose: outlook for new discoveries fueled by genomics and functional studies SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Fungi; Cellulase; Genomics ID CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULES; ACID-SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; CLASSIFICATION; FUMIGATUS; SECRETOME; PEPTIDES; PROTEINS AB Genome sequencing of a variety of fungi is a major initiative currently supported by the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute. Encoded within the genomes of many fungi are upwards of 200+ enzymes called glycoside hydrolases (GHs). GHs are known for their ability to hydrolyze the polysaccharide components of lignocellulosic biomass. Production of ethanol and "next generation" biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass represents a sustainable route to biofuels production. However, this process has to become more economical before large scale operations are put into place. Identifying and characterizing GHs with improved properties for biomass degradation is a key factor for the development of cost effective processes to convert biomass to fuels and chemicals. With the recent explosion in the number of GH encoding genes discovered by fungal genome sequencing projects, it has become apparent that improvements in GH gene annotation processes have to be developed. This will enable more informed and efficient decision making with regard to selection and utilization of these important enzymes in bioprocess that produce fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic feedstocks. C1 [Jovanovic, Iva; Magnuson, Jon K.; Baker, Scott E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Chem & Biol Proc Dev, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Collart, Frank] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Robbertse, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Adney, William S.; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Baker, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Chem & Biol Proc Dev, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Scott.baker@pnl.gov OI Collart, Frank/0000-0001-6942-4483 FU DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office; Biomass Program; DOE Office of Science Office of Biological; Environmental Research Genomics: GTL Annotation Program FX This work was funded by the DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of the Biomass Program and DOE Office of Science Office of Biological and Environmental Research Genomics: GTL Annotation Program. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 687 EP 697 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9307-z PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600013 ER PT J AU Adney, WS Jeoh, T Beckham, GT Chou, YC Baker, JO Michener, W Brunecky, R Himmel, ME AF Adney, William S. Jeoh, Tina Beckham, Gregg T. Chou, Yat-Chen Baker, John O. Michener, William Brunecky, Roman Himmel, Michael E. TI Probing the role of N-linked glycans in the stability and activity of fungal cellobiohydrolases by mutational analysis SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Cellobiohydrolase (Cel7); Cellulase; N-linked glycosylation; Penicillium funiculosum; Trichoderma reesei; Glycoforms; Site-directed mutagenesis ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI CELLULASES; PENICILLIUM-FUNICULOSUM; TALAROMYCES-EMERSONII; FILAMENTOUS FUNGUS; CELLULOSE; SUBSTRATE; GLYCOSYLATION; HYDROLYSIS; STRAIN; CEL7A AB The filamentous fungi Trichoderma reesei and Penicillium funiculosum produce highly effective enzyme mixtures that degrade the cellulose and hemicellulose components of plant cell walls. Many fungal species produce a glycoside hydrolase family 7 (Cel7A) cellobiohydrolase, a class of enzymes that catalytically process from the reducing end of cellulose. A direct amino acid comparison of these two enzymes shows that they not only have high amino acid homology, but also contain analogous N-linked glycosylation sites on the catalytic domain. We have previously shown (Jeoh et al. in Biotechnol Biofuels, 1:10, 2008) that expression of T. reesei cellobiohydrolase I in a commonly used industrial expression host, Aspergillus niger var. awamori, results in an increase in the amount of N-linked glycosylation of the enzyme, which negatively affects crystalline cellulose degradation activity as well as thermal stability. This complementary study examines the significance of individual N-linked glycans on the surface of the catalytic domain of Cel7A cellobiohydrolases from T. reesei and P. funiculosum by genetically adding or removing N-linked glycosylation motifs using site directed mutagenesis. Modified enzymes, expressed in A. niger var. awamori, were tested for activity and thermal stability. It was concluded that N-linked glycans in peptide loops that form part of the active site tunnel have the greatest impact on both thermal stability and enzymatic activity on crystalline cellulose for both the T. reesei and P. funiculosum Cel7A enzymes. Specifically, for the Cel7A T. reesei enzyme expressed in A. niger var. awamori, removal of the N384 glycosylation site yields a mutant with 70% greater activity after 120 h compared to the heterologously expressed wild type T. reesei enzyme. In addition, similar activity improvements were found to be associated with the addition of a new glycosylation motif at N194 in P. funiculosum. This mutant also exhibits 70% greater activity after 120 h compared to the wild type P. funiculosum enzyme expressed in A. niger var. awamori. Overall, this study demonstrates that "tuning" enzyme glycosylation for expression from heterologous expression hosts is essential for generating engineered enzymes with optimal stability and activity. C1 [Adney, William S.; Jeoh, Tina; Baker, John O.; Brunecky, Roman; Himmel, Michael E.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Adney, WS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bill.adney@nrel.gov FU DOE Office of the Biomass Program FX This work was funded by the DOE Office of the Biomass Program. NR 27 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 699 EP 709 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9305-1 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600014 ER PT J AU Selig, MJ Adney, WS Himmel, ME Decker, SR AF Selig, Michael J. Adney, William S. Himmel, Michael E. Decker, Stephen R. TI The impact of cell wall acetylation on corn stover hydrolysis by cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Lignocellulose; Acetyl; Pretreatment; Cellulase; Xylanase; Acetyl xylan esterase ID TRICHODERMA-REESEI; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PRETREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; ACID PRETREATMENT; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; XYLAN; ESTERASES; BIOMASS; LIGNIN AB Analysis of variously pretreated corn stover samples showed neutral to mildly acidic pretreatments were more effective at removing xylan from corn stover and more likely to maintain the acetyl to xylopyranosyl ratios present in untreated material than were alkaline treatments. Retention of acetyl groups in the residual solids resulted in greater resistance to hydrolysis by endoxylanase alone, although the synergistic combination of endoxylanase and acetyl xylan esterase enzymes permitted higher xylan conversions to be observed. Acetyl xylan esterase alone did little to improve hydrolysis by cellulolytic enzymes, although a direct relationship was observed between the enzymatic removal of acetyl groups and improvements in the enzymatic conversion of xylan present in substrates. In all cases, effective xylan conversions were found to significantly improve glucan conversions achievable by cellulolytic enzymes. Additionally, acetyl and xylan removal not only enhanced the respective initial rates of xylan and glucan conversion, but also the overall extents of conversion. This work emphasizes the necessity for xylanolytic enzymes during saccharification processes and specifically for the optimization of acetyl esterase and xylanase synergies when biomass processes include milder pretreatments, such as hot water or sulfite steam explosion. C1 [Selig, Michael J.; Adney, William S.; Himmel, Michael E.; Decker, Stephen R.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Selig, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM michael_selig@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy Office [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of the Biomass Program under contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). NR 39 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 4 U2 52 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 711 EP 722 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9322-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600015 ER PT J AU Knoshaug, EP Franden, MA Stambuk, BU Zhang, M Singh, A AF Knoshaug, Eric P. Franden, Mary Ann Stambuk, Boris U. Zhang, Min Singh, Arjun TI Utilization and transport of l-arabinose by non-Saccharomyces yeasts SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Non-conventional yeast; L-Arabinose utilization; Sugar transport; Mutagenesis ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; GALACTOSE TRANSPORT; XYLOSE TRANSPORT; FERMENTING YEAST; CARBON-SOURCES; CEREVISIAE; FERMENTATION; ETHANOL; METABOLISM; STRAINS AB l-Arabinose is one of the sugars found in hemicellulose, a major component of plant cell walls. The ability to convert l-arabinose to ethanol would improve the economics of biomass to ethanol fermentations. One of the limitations for l-arabinose fermentation in the current engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is poor transport of the sugar. To better understand l-arabinose transport and use in yeasts and to identify a source for efficient l-arabinose transporters, 165 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains were studied. These yeast strains were arranged into six groups based on the minimum time required to utilize 20 g/L of l-arabinose. Initial transport rates of l-arabinose were determined for several species and a more comprehensive transport study was done in four selected species. Detailed transport kinetics in Arxula adeninivorans suggested both low and high affinity components while Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryii, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia guilliermondii possessed a single component, high affinity active transport systems. C1 [Knoshaug, Eric P.; Franden, Mary Ann; Stambuk, Boris U.; Zhang, Min; Singh, Arjun] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Knoshaug, EP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eric_knoshaug@nrel.gov FU United States Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program; Corn Refiners Association; National Corn Growers Association FX This work was funded by the United States Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program, the Corn Refiners Association, and the National Corn Growers Association. We thank C. Kurtzman for providing some of the strains used in this study. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 729 EP 741 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9319-8 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600017 ER PT J AU Pienkos, PT Zhang, M AF Pienkos, Philip T. Zhang, Min TI Role of pretreatment and conditioning processes on toxicity of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE Lignocellulose; Inhibitors; Pretreatment; Conditioning; Hydrolysate; Biofuel ID ETHANOLOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SOFTWOOD PINUS-RADIATA; ION-EXCHANGE-RESINS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PICHIA-STIPITIS; FERMENTATION INHIBITORS; DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; ACETIC-ACID; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; XYLOSE FERMENTATION AB The Department of Energy's Office of the Biomass Program has set goals of making ethanol cost competitive by 2012 and replacing 30% of 2004 transportation supply with biofuels by 2030. Both goals require improvements in conversions of cellulosic biomass to sugars as well as improvements in fermentation rates and yields. Current best pretreatment processes are reasonably efficient at making the cellulose/hemicellulose/lignin matrix amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, but they release a number of toxic compounds into the hydrolysate which inhibit the growth and ethanol productivity of fermentation organisms. Conditioning methods designed to reduce the toxicity of hydrolysates are effective, but add to process costs and tend to reduce sugar yields, thus adding significantly to the final cost of production. Reducing the cost of cellulosic ethanol production will likely require enhanced understanding of the source and mode of action of hydrolysate toxic compounds, the means by which some organisms resist the actions of these compounds, and the methodology and mechanisms for conditioning hydrolysate to reduce toxicity. This review will provide an update on the state of knowledge in these areas and can provide insights useful for the crafting of hypotheses for improvements in pretreatment, conditioning, and fermentation organisms. C1 [Pienkos, Philip T.; Zhang, Min] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Pienkos, PT (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM philip.pienkos@nrel.gov FU DOE Office of the Biomass Program FX The work was funded by the DOE Office of the Biomass Program. NR 86 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 3 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 743 EP 762 DI 10.1007/s10570-009-9309-x PG 20 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 469HH UT WOS:000267886600018 ER PT J AU Chen, XB AF Chen Xiaobo TI Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials and Their Energy Applications SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Review DE titanium dioxide; nanomaterial; doping; sensitizing; photocatalysis; photovoltaics; solar water splitting ID SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; SIZED TIO2 PARTICLES; S-DOPED TIO2; OXIDE NANOTUBE ARRAYS; METAL-ION DOPANTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; ANATASE TIO2; NANOCRYSTALLINE TITANIA AB Here we briefly introduce the synthesis, properties, modifications, and energy applications of titanium dioxide nanomaterials. This introduction surveys their synthetic methods (sol/sol-gel, hydro/solvo-thermal, oxidation, deposition, sonochemical, and microwave-assisted approaches), their structural and thermodynamic properties, their modifications (doping and sensitizing), and their applications in photocatalysis, photovoltaics and solar water splitting. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM XChen3@lbl.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 177 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 14 U2 134 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0253-9837 J9 CHINESE J CATAL JI Chin. J. Catal. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 8 BP 839 EP 851 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 498NW UT WOS:000270149200019 ER PT J AU Masanet, E Sathaye, J AF Masanet, Eric Sathaye, Jayant TI Challenges and opportunities in accounting for non-energy use CO2 emissions: an editorial comment SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Masanet, Eric; Sathaye, Jayant] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sathaye, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JASathaye@lbl.gov RI Masanet, Eric /I-5649-2012 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 395 EP 403 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9636-9 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474AT UT WOS:000268255300007 ER PT J AU Marland, G Marland, E AF Marland, Gregg Marland, Eric TI Trading permanent and temporary carbon emissions credits SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Marland, Gregg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Marland, Eric] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Math Sci, Boone, NC 28606 USA. RP Marland, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM marlandgh@ornl.gov; marlandes@appstate.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9624-0 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474AT UT WOS:000268255300012 ER PT J AU Caldwell, P Chin, HNS Bader, DC Bala, G AF Caldwell, Peter Chin, Hung-Neng S. Bader, David C. Bala, Govindasamy TI Evaluation of a WRF dynamical downscaling simulation over California SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; PART I; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CHANGE SCENARIOS; PRECIPITATION; US; RESOLUTION; PREDICTION AB This paper presents results from a 40 year Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) based dynamical downscaling experiment performed at 12 km horizontal grid spacing, centered on the state of California, and forced by a 1A degrees x 1.25A degrees finite-volume current-climate Community Climate System Model ver. 3 (CCSM3) simulation. In-depth comparisons between modeled and observed regional-average precipitation, 2 m temperature, and snowpack are performed. The regional model reproduces the spatial distribution of precipitation quite well, but substantially overestimates rainfall along windward slopes. This is due to strong overprediction of precipitation intensity; precipitation frequency is actually underpredicted by the model. Moisture fluxes impinging on the coast seem to be well-represented over California, implying that precipitation bias is caused by processes internal to WRF. Positive-definite moisture advection and use of the Grell cumulus parameterization result in some decrease in precipitation bias, but other sources are needed to explain the full bias magnitude. Surface temperature is well simulated in all seasons except summer, when overly-dry soil moisture results in a several degree warm bias in both CCSM3 and WRF. Additionally, coastal temperatures appear to be too warm due to a coastal sea surface temperature bias inherited from CCSM3. Modeled snowfall/snowmelt agrees quite well with observations, but snow water equivalent is found to be much too low due to monthly reinitialization of all regional model fields from CCSM3 values. C1 [Caldwell, Peter; Chin, Hung-Neng S.; Bader, David C.; Bala, Govindasamy] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. RP Caldwell, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-103,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. EM caldwell19@llnl.gov RI Bader, David/H-6189-2011; Caldwell, Peter/K-1899-2014 OI Bader, David/0000-0003-3210-339X; FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank NOAA's Earth Science Research Lab/Physical Sciences Division, D. P. Lettenmeier at the University of Washington, the National Climatic Data Center, the PRISM group at Oregon State University, and the National Snow and Ice Data Center for making their datasets available to us online. Thanks also go to Art Mirin for supplying CCSM3 data, Ruby Leung for supplying the code necessary to create boundary conditions from GCM data, and Tapash Das for statewide climatological analysis of the CCSM3 output. Thanks also to Reed Maxwell for useful discussions. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 as part of its Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 50 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD AUG PY 2009 VL 95 IS 3-4 BP 499 EP 521 DI 10.1007/s10584-009-9583-5 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 474AT UT WOS:000268255300015 ER PT J AU Sacks, DB Van den Berghe, G Kirkman, S Kost, G Ng, R Sandberg, S AF Sacks, David B. Van den Berghe, Greet Kirkman, Sue Kost, Gerald Ng, Ron Sandberg, Sverre TI Tight Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients: Should Glucose Meters Be Used? SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sacks, David B.] Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Van den Berghe, Greet] Catholic Univ Louvain, Dept Intens Care Med, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Van den Berghe, Greet] Catholic Univ Louvain, Div Acute Med Sci, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Kirkman, Sue] Amer Diabet Assoc, Alexandria, VA USA. [Kost, Gerald] Univ Calif Davis, Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kost, Gerald] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & BioEngn, Point Of Care Technol Ctr, NIH, Davis, CA USA. [Ng, Ron] Abbott Diabet Care, Clin Res, Alameda, CA USA. [Sandberg, Sverre] Haukeland Hosp, Lab Clin Biochem, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. [Sandberg, Sverre] Haukeland Hosp, Norwegian Porphyria Ctr, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. [Sandberg, Sverre] Norwegian Qual Improvement Primary Care Labs NOKL, Bergen, Norway. RP Sacks, DB (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Sacks, David/0000-0003-3100-0735 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1580 EP 1583 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2009.131318 PG 4 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 477ZM UT WOS:000268557500024 PM 19556440 ER PT J AU Achyuthan, KE McClain, JL Raj, D AF Achyuthan, Komandoor E. McClain, Jaime L. Raj, Dominic TI Orthogonal, Spectroscopic High Throughput Screening of Laccase-Catalyzed p-Cresol Oxidation SO COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING LA English DT Article DE Laccase; p-cresol; spectroscopy; absorption; fluorescence; high throughput screening ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRAMETES-VERSICOLOR; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; FUNGAL LACCASES; DEGRADATION; ASSAYS; FLUORESCENCE AB There is considerable interest in the oxidative fate of phenols such as p-cresol as environmental pollutants and uremic toxins. We supply a menu of spectroscopic options for the high throughput screening of laccase oxidation of p-cresol through multiple modes of detection. Laccase activity was monitored kinetically at pH 4.5 by absorption changes at 250 nm, 274 nm or 297 nm, and in endpoint mode by the bathochromic shift in absorption to 326 nm in 50 mM NaOH. Laccase oxidation of p-cresol was also detected by product fluorescence at 425 nm after excitation at 262 nm or 322 nm in 50 mM NaOH. We optimized the kinetic parameters for p-cresol oxidation (pH optimum 4.5-5.1; 37 degrees C; Km = 2.2 mM) resulting in laccase limits of detection and quantitation of 25 pg/mu L and 75 pg/mu L, respectively (similar to 360 pM; 25 ppb). The sensitivity for p-cresol was similar to previously reported values. The small (similar to 20%) decrease in signal strength after six cycles of excitation over a 3 h period was attributed to photobleaching or photodegradation of the emitter and not due to fluorescence decay (photoinstability). Halide inhibition was characteristic of laccases (IC(50) = 25 mM NaCl). A unique advantage of our assay is that laccase catalysis could be interrogated using multi-mode absorption or fluorescence under acidic or basic conditions, in real time or endpoint modes. Orthogonal interrogation facilitates ratiometric analysis enabling high specificity while minimizing interferences during compound library screening. The phenolic alcohol p-cresol may be a model for monolignol oxidation. Our studies might find applications in biofuels, to triage dialysis patients, or for the environmental bioremediation of phenols. C1 [Achyuthan, Komandoor E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Achyuthan, Komandoor E.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. [Raj, Dominic] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Achyuthan, KE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Biosensors & Nanomat Dept, POB 5800,MS 1425, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM kachyut@sandia.gov FU Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Defense Threat Reduction Agency - Joint Science and Technology Office ( DTRAJSTO) [MIPRG089XR076, AA07CBT008]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development ( LDRD) [125859]; DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract # DE-AC04-94AL85000. Komandoor Achyuthan thanks the Defense Threat Reduction Agency - Joint Science and Technology Office ( DTRAJSTO) for partially supporting these investigations under contract # MIPRG089XR076, AA07CBT008 and a Laboratory Directed Research and Development ( LDRD) project # 125859 awarded to Komandoor Achyuthan. A portion of this work was also funded by the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1386-2073 J9 COMB CHEM HIGH T SCR JI Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen PD AUG PY 2009 VL 12 IS 7 BP 678 EP 689 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Applied; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 482UT UT WOS:000268915000005 PM 19531019 ER PT J AU Lu, TF Law, CK Yoo, CS Chen, JH AF Lu, Tianfeng Law, Chung K. Yoo, Chun Sang Chen, Jacqueline H. TI Dynamic stiffness removal for direct numerical simulations SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE Dynamic stiffness removal; Quasi-steady-state approximation; Partial equilibrium approximation; Direct numerical simulation; Mechanism reduction ID CHEMICAL KINETIC MECHANISMS; IGNITION FRONT PROPAGATION; GLOBAL REDUCED MECHANISMS; N-HEPTANE OXIDATION; METHANE-AIR FLAMES; TEMPERATURE INHOMOGENEITIES; ASYMPTOTIC STRUCTURE; ADAPTIVE CHEMISTRY; CONSTANT VOLUME; SOOT FORMATION AB A systematic approach was developed to derive non-stiff reduced mechanisms for direct numerical simulations (DNS) with explicit integration solvers. The stiffness reduction was achieved through on-the-fly elimination of short time-scales induced by two features of fast chemical reactivity, namely quasi-steady-state (QSS) species and partial-equilibrium (PE) reactions. The sparse algebraic equations resulting from QSS and PE approximations were utilized such that the efficiency of the dynamic stiffness reduction is high compared with general methods of time-scale reduction based on Jacobian decomposition. Using the dimension reduction Strategies developed in Our previous work, a reduced mechanism with 52 species was first derived from a detailed mechanism with 561 species. The reduced mechanism was validated for ignition and extinction applications Over the parameter range of equivalence ratio between 0.5 and 1.5, pressure between 10 and 50 atm, and initial temperature between 700 and 1600 K for ignition, and worst-case errors of approximately 30% were observed. The reduced mechanism with dynamic stiffness removal was then applied in homogeneous and 1-D ignition applications, as well as a 2-D direct numerical simulation of ignition with temperature inhomogeneities at constant volume with integration time-steps of 5-10 ns. The integration was numerically stable and good accuracy was achieved. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Lu, Tianfeng; Law, Chung K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Yoo, Chun Sang; Chen, Jacqueline H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lu, TF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tlu@engr.uconn.edu RI Yoo, Chun Sang/E-5900-2010; Law, Chung /E-1206-2013; Lu, Tianfeng/D-7455-2014 OI Yoo, Chun Sang/0000-0003-1094-4016; Lu, Tianfeng/0000-0001-7536-1976 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy SciDAC; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The work at Princeton University was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the technical monitoring of Dr. Julian M. Tishkoff. The work at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. Department of Energy SciDAC Program. SNL is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 55 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD AUG PY 2009 VL 156 IS 8 BP 1542 EP 1551 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.02.013 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 474MR UT WOS:000268288700004 ER PT J AU Moelans, N Wendler, F Nestler, B AF Moelans, Nele Wendler, Frank Nestler, Britta TI Comparative study of two phase-field models for grain growth SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Grain growth; Phase-field modeling; Grain boundary migration; Numerical simulation; Microstructure; Model validation ID VERTEX DYNAMICS SIMULATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION; TEXTURE EVOLUTION; BOUNDARIES; SOLIDIFICATION; COMPONENTS; METALS; SYSTEM AB There exist different phase-field models for the simulation of grain growth in polycrystalline structures. In this paper, the model formulation, application and simulation results are compared for two of these approaches. First, we derive relations between the parameters in both models that represent the same set of grain boundary energies and mobilities. Then, simulation results obtained with both models, using equivalent model parameters, are compared for grain structures in 2D and 3D. The evolution of the individual grains, grain boundaries and triple junction angles is followed in detail. Moreover, the simulation results obtained with both approaches are compared using analytical theories and previous simulation results as benchmarks. We find that both models give essentially the same results, except for differences in the structure near small shrinking grains which are most often locally and temporary for large grain structures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moelans, Nele] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Moelans, Nele] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Wendler, Frank; Nestler, Britta] Karlsruhe Univ Appl Sci, Inst Computat Engn, D-76133 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Moelans, N (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Kasteelpk Arenberg 44,Bus 2450, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM Nele.Moelans@mtm.kuleuven.be RI Moelans, Nele/A-3165-2013 OI Moelans, Nele/0000-0003-3361-2954 FU Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [FKZ 1708X06] FX NM is postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen). FW and BN acknowledge the financial support of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under Grant No. FKZ 1708X06. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 479 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.03.037 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 491SH UT WOS:000269599200031 ER PT J AU Padgett, CW Gutt, KJ Whiteside, TS AF Padgett, C. W. Gutt, K. J. Whiteside, T. S. TI Computational studies on the mechanical properties of diamond nanotoroids SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mechanical properties; Carbon nanotubes; Diamond nanorods; Molecular dynamics; Toroids ID CARBON NANOTUBES AB Diamond nanotoroids are a new class of carbon nanostructures with interesting theoretical properties and are ideal for studying the elastic and plastic deformation behavior of diamond nanorods. Various sizes of diamond nanotoroids, along with a carbon nanotube, a carbon nanotube toroid, and a diamond nanorod were simulated using molecular dynamics. We tested these compounds for stability and compared our calculated values for the ultimate tensile strength and the Young's modulus over a range of strain rates to those reported in the literature and attempted to explain any discrepancies found between our results and those reported. The results of these simulations suggest the tensile strength of diamond nanotoroids would be many times stronger than conventional materials and this novel material has potential for use in many demanding applications. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Padgett, C. W.; Gutt, K. J.] Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. [Whiteside, T. S.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Padgett, CW (reprint author), Armstrong Atlantic State Univ, Savannah, GA 31419 USA. EM Clifford.Padgett@Armstrong.edu NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 46 IS 2 BP 491 EP 494 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.03.036 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 491SH UT WOS:000269599200032 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Sutton, PC Ghosh, T Tuttle, BT Baugh, KE Bhaduri, B Bright, E AF Elvidge, Christopher D. Sutton, Paul C. Ghosh, Tilottama Tuttle, Benjamin T. Baugh, Kimberly E. Bhaduri, Budhendra Bright, Edward TI A global poverty map derived from satellite data SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Poverty; DMSP; Nighttime lights; World development indicators ID POPULATION; EMISSIONS AB A global poverty map has been produced at 30 arcsec resolution using a poverty index calculated by dividing population count (LandScan 2004) by the brightness of satellite observed lighting (DMSP nighttime lights). Inputs to the LandScan product include satellite-derived land cover and topography, plus human settlement outlines derived from high-resolution imagery. The poverty estimates have been calibrated using national level poverty data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) 2006 edition. The total estimate of the numbers of individuals living in poverty is 2.2 billion, slightly under the WDI estimate of 2.6 billion. We have demonstrated a new class of poverty map that should improve over time through the inclusion of new reference data for calibration of poverty estimates and as improvements are made in the satellite observation of human activities related to economic activity and technology access. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80205 USA. [Sutton, Paul C.; Ghosh, Tilottama; Tuttle, Benjamin T.] Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Ghosh, Tilottama; Tuttle, Benjamin T.; Baugh, Kimberly E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bhaduri, Budhendra; Bright, Edward] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, US Dept Commerce, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80205 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; psutton@du.edu RI Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256; FU NASA carbon cycle research program FX This study was funded in part by the NASA carbon cycle research program. NR 24 TC 71 Z9 78 U1 7 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1652 EP 1660 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2009.01.009 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 484ED UT WOS:000269025500010 ER PT J AU Miles, LG Lance, SL Isberg, SR Moran, C Glenn, TC AF Miles, Lee G. Lance, Stacey L. Isberg, Sally R. Moran, Chris Glenn, Travis C. TI Cross-species amplification of microsatellites in crocodilians: assessment and applications for the future SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Crocodile; Crocodilian; Microsatellites; Cross-species amplification ID CROCODYLUS-MORELETII; CAIMAN-LATIROSTRIS; DIVERSITY; LOCI; CONSERVATION; GENOMES AB Microsatellite DNA loci have emerged as the dominant genetic tool for addressing questions associated with genetic diversity in many wildlife species, including crocodilians. Despite their usefulness, their isolation and development can be costly, as well as labour intensive, limiting their wider use in many crocodilian species. In this study, we investigate the cross-species amplification success of 82 existing microsatellites previously isolated for the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) in 18 non-target crocodilian species; Alligator sinensis, Caiman crocodylus, Caiman latirostris, Caiman yacare, Melanosuchus niger, Paleosuchus palpebrosus, Crocodylus acutus, Mecistops cataphractus, Crocodylus intermedius, Crocodylus johnstoni, Crocodylus mindorensis, Crocodylus moreletii, Crocodylus niloticus, Crocodylus novaeguineae, Crocodylus palustis, Crocodylus rhombifer, Crocodylus siamensis, and Osteolaemus tetraspis. Our results show a high level of microsatellites cross-amplification making available polymorphic markers for a range of crocodilian species previously lacking informative genetic markers. C1 [Miles, Lee G.; Isberg, Sally R.; Moran, Chris] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Lance, Stacey L.; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Isberg, Sally R.] Porosus Pty Ltd, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia. [Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miles, LG (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Room 513,RMC Gunn Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM l.miles@usyd.edu.au RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733 FU Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation [US-139A] FX Acknowledgements This research was supported by Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation grant US-139A to the University of Sydney. All research took place at the University of Sydney, Australia, and the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), of the University of Georgia, USA. We thank Dr. Kent Vliet, Dr. Robert Godshalk, Mitch Eaton and Matthew Shirley who kindly provided us with many of the crocodilian DNA samples included in this investigation. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 935 EP 954 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9601-6 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 459LN UT WOS:000267104000013 ER PT J AU Miles, LG Isberg, SR Moran, C Hagen, C Glenn, TC AF Miles, Lee G. Isberg, Sally R. Moran, Chris Hagen, Cris Glenn, Travis C. TI 253 Novel polymorphic microsatellites for the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Estuarine crocodile; Reptile; SSRs; Primers; Tetra-nucleotide repeats; Tri-nucleotide repeats; Di-nucleotide repeats; Enrichment ID CAIMAN-LATIROSTRIS; AMPLIFICATION; DIVERSITY; LOCI; PCR AB Genomic elucidation and mapping of novel organisms requires the generation of large genetic resources. In this study, 253 novel and polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) by constructing libraries enriched for microsatellite DNA. All markers were evaluated on animals obtained from Darwin Crocodile Farm in the Northern Territory, Australia, and are intended for future use in the construction of a genetic-linkage map for the saltwater crocodile. The 253 loci yielded an average of 4.12 alleles per locus, and those selected for mapping had an average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.425. C1 [Miles, Lee G.; Isberg, Sally R.; Moran, Chris] Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Hagen, Cris; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Isberg, Sally R.] Porosus Pty Ltd, Palmerston, NT 0831, Australia. [Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Miles, LG (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Fac Vet Sci, Room 513,RMC Gunn Bldg, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM l.miles@usyd.edu.au RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 963 EP 980 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9600-7 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 459LN UT WOS:000267104000016 ER PT J AU Vary, LB Lance, SL Hagen, C Tsyusko, O Glenn, TC Sakai, AK Weller, SG AF Vary, Laura B. Lance, Stacey L. Hagen, Cris Tsyusko, Olga Glenn, Travis C. Sakai, Ann K. Weller, Stephen G. TI Characterization of microsatellite loci from the Malagasy endemic, Tina striata Radlk. (Sapindaceae) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Tina striata; Madagascar; Sapindaceae; Microsatellites; Dioecy; Monoecy; Outcrossing AB We isolated and characterized 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Malagasy endemic, Tina striata Radlk. (Sapindaceae). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 6 (N = 28 individuals). Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.132 to 0.767 and observed heterozygosity from 0.154 to 0.800. These markers will be valuable in estimating outcrossing rates and genetic variation in populations of T. striata, and aid in the conservation of populations of T. striata and other closely related species in the Malagasy Sapindaceae. C1 [Vary, Laura B.; Sakai, Ann K.; Weller, Stephen G.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Lance, Stacey L.; Hagen, Cris; Tsyusko, Olga; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Lance, Stacey L.; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Coll Publ Hlth, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Vary, LB (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 5205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM lvary@uci.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; University of California-Irvine FX This work was funded in part by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship awarded to LBV, and funds from the University of California-Irvine to AKS. We thank Sven Buerki for supplying additional DNA material, Felipe Barreto and Steve Lockton for their advice and help in the lab, Brandon Gaut for use of lab material and equipment, and Lalao Andriamahefarivo, Patrice Antilahimena, the staff of the Missouri Botanical Garden's Madagascar Office and the staff of the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza for help with permits and fieldwork in Madagascar. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1113 EP 1115 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9721-z PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 459LN UT WOS:000267104000049 ER PT J AU Lance, SL Hagen, C Glenn, TC Brumfield, RT Stryjewski, KF Graves, GR AF Lance, Stacey L. Hagen, Cris Glenn, Travis C. Brumfield, Robb T. Stryjewski, Katherine Faust Graves, Gary R. TI Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci from Jamaican streamertail hummingbirds (Trochilus) SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Black-billed streamertail; Hummingbird; Jamaica; Microsatellite; PCR primers; SSR; STR; Red-billed streamertail; Trochilus polytmus; Trochilus scitulus AB We isolated and characterized 15 microsatellite loci from the endemic Jamaican streamertail hummingbird Trochilus polytmus. Loci were screened in 12 individuals of both T. polytmus and its sister species T. scitulus, also a Jamaican endemic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0 to 1, and the probability of identity values ranged from 0.038 to 0.663. These new loci provide tools for characterizing the narrow hybrid zone between the two species. C1 [Brumfield, Robb T.; Stryjewski, Katherine Faust] Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lance, Stacey L.; Glenn, Travis C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Lance, Stacey L.; Hagen, Cris] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Brumfield, Robb T.; Stryjewski, Katherine Faust] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Graves, Gary R.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, MRC 116, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Brumfield, RT (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Museum Nat Sci, 119 Foster Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM brumfld@lsu.edu RI Glenn, Travis/A-2390-2008; Lance, Stacey/K-9203-2013; Brumfield, Robb/K-6108-2015 OI Lance, Stacey/0000-0003-2686-1733; Brumfield, Robb/0000-0003-2307-0688 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 10 IS 4 BP 1195 EP 1198 DI 10.1007/s10592-008-9748-1 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 459LN UT WOS:000267104000068 ER PT J AU Gallagher, DT Smith, NN Kim, SK Robinson, H Reddy, PT AF Gallagher, D. Travis Smith, N. Natasha Kim, Sook-Kyung Robinson, Howard Reddy, Prasad T. TI Protein Crystal Engineering of YpAC-IV Using a Strategy of Excess Charge Reduction SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC DOMAIN; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; CRYSTALLIZATION; SOLUBILITY; REFINEMENT; INTEGRASE AB The class IV adenylyl cyclase from Yersinia pestis has been engineered by site-specific mutagenesis to facilitate crystallization at neutral pH, The wild-type enzyme crystallized only below pH 5, consistent with the observation of a carboxyl-carboxylate H bond in a crystal contact in the refined structure 2FJT. On the basis of that unliganded structure at 1.9 angstrom resolution, two different approaches were tested with the goal of producing a higher-pH crystal needed tor inhibitor complexation and mechanistic studies. In one approach, Asp 19, which forms the growth-limiting dicarboxyl contact in wild-type triclinic crystals. was modified to Ala and Asn in hopes of relieving the acid-dependence of that crystal form. In the other approach, wild-type residues Met 18, Glu 25, and Asp 55 were (individually) changed to lysine to reduce the protein's excess negative charge in hopes of enabling growth of new, higher-pH forms. These three sites were selected based on their high solvent exposure and lack of intraprotein interactions. The D19A and D19N mutants had reduced solubility and did not crystallize. The other three mutants all crystallized, producing several new forms at neutral pH. One of these forms, with the D55K mutant, enabled a product complex at 0.16 nm resolution. Structure 3GHX. This Structure Shows Why the new crystal Form required the mutation in order to grow at neutral pH. This approach could be useful in other cases where excess negative charge inhibits the crystallization of low-pI proteins. C1 [Gallagher, D. Travis; Smith, N. Natasha; Reddy, Prasad T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Sook-Kyung] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Bioanal, Taejon, South Korea. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gallagher, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gallaghe@umbi.umd.edu FU National Institutes of Health (NCRR) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Institutes of Health (NCRR) for data collected at NSLS beamline X29, and the technical and logistical assistance of Darwin Diaz and Dawn Rode of the Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology. Disclaimer: identification of specific instruments and products in this paper is solely to describe the scientific procedures and does not imply recommendation or endorsement. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3570 EP 3574 DI 10.1021/cg9003142 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 477RV UT WOS:000268537200034 PM 20160955 ER PT J AU Nyman, M Rodriguez, MA Anderson, TM Ingersoll, D AF Nyman, May Rodriguez, Mark A. Anderson, Travis M. Ingersoll, David TI Two Structures Toward Understanding Evolution from Surfactant-Polyoxometalate Lamellae to Surfactant-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; SOLVENT-CASTING FILMS; INORGANIC LAMELLAR; CLUSTERS; REDUCTION; PHASES; ADAMANTANE; MONOLAYERS; INTERFACE; ANIONS AB Surfactant-POM (polyoxometalate) phases are fascinating in both their self-assembly behavior and their utility as catalysts, probes, and photochromic, electrochroinic, and magnetic devices. Well-ordered lamellar phases are formed when the surfactant:POM ratio is 4:1 or 2:1, and these have been described in great detail from single-crystal X-ray diffraction Studies. However. the surfactant-encapsulated clusters (SECs) with much larger surfactant:POM ratios do not form single-crystals readily. Thus less is known about their structural detail, and the evolution from the well-ordered lamellar phases to the SECs with increasing surfactant: POM ratio has not been detailed. We present here two structures that have resulted from an investigation of understanding the evolution Of the surfactant-POM lamellar phase as the surfactant:POM ratio increases. [H(2)SiMo(12)O(40)][CH(3)CN](2)[C(16)H(33)N(CH(3))(3)](4) (monoclinic #4, P2(1) a = 12.636(2) angstrom, b = 20.577(4) angstrom, c = 22.364(4) angstrom, beta = 93.394(4)degrees) holds true to the preference of 4:1 surfactant:POM ratio in well-ordered crystalline phases, whereas [H(x)SiMo(12)O(40)][C(16)H(33)N(CH(3))(3)](5)[CH(3)CN](4) (triclinic No. 2, P (1) over bar, a = 12.513(7) angstrom, b = 23.370) angstrom, c = 2.44(1) angstrom, alpha = 93.418(8)degrees. beta = 92.046(8)degrees, gamma = 99.113(7)degrees) provides the first example of a surfactant-POM phase with a surfactant:POM ratio >4. This structure provides a glimpse of the structural evolution front ordered lamellar POM-surfactant phases to more disordered phases such as the SECs. C1 [Nyman, May; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Anderson, Travis M.; Ingersoll, David] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nyman, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mdnyman@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3590 EP 3597 DI 10.1021/cg9003356 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 477RV UT WOS:000268537200037 ER PT J AU Halder, GJ Park, H Funk, RJ Chapman, KW Engerer, LK Geiser, U Schlueter, JA AF Halder, Gregory J. Park, Hyunsoo Funk, Russell J. Chapman, Karena W. Engerer, Laura K. Geiser, Urs Schlueter, John A. TI In-Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies of Host-Guest Properties in Nanoporous Zinc-Triazolate-Based Framework Materials SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; COORDINATION POLYMER; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SPIN-CROSSOVER; SORPTION; ZN; 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSITION AB Two nanoporous metal-organic framework materials incorporating the exotridentate bridging ligand 3-amino-1,2,4-triazolate (AmTAZ) have been synthesized through variation of secondary bridging anions: [Zn(3)(AmTAZ)(3)S](NO(3))center dot(H(2)O) (1 center dot(H(2)O)) and Zn(7)(AmTAZ)(8)(CO(3))(2)(OH)(2)center dot 2(EtOH) (2 center dot 2(EtOH): EtOH = ethanol). 1 center dot(H(2)O) crystallizes in the cubic space group 123 and is constructed from triangular Zn(3)S units that are bridged through AmTAZ ligands into a cationic three-dimensional (3D) network with nitrate and water molecules residing in the cavities. 2 center dot 2(EtOH) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c and shows a complex 3D network constructed from seven crystallographically unique zinc centers bridged by AmTAZ, carbonate, and hydroxide anions. The porous nature of both materials has been explored by thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen sorption, and in situ synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction. C1 [Halder, Gregory J.; Park, Hyunsoo; Funk, Russell J.; Engerer, Laura K.; Geiser, Urs; Schlueter, John A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chapman, Karena W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jaschlueter@anl.gov RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Halder, Gregory/C-5357-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC0206CHI1357]; Division of Educational Programs at Argonne FX This work Was supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC0206CHI1357. R.J.F. (University of Chicago) and L.K.E. (Valparaiso University) were participants in the U.S. Department of Energy Student Undergraduate Laboratory Internship Program, sponsored by the Division of Educational Programs at Argonne. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3609 EP 3614 DI 10.1021/cg900349c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 477RV UT WOS:000268537200040 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, N Newby, J Hull, G Saw, C Carman, L Cherepy, N Payne, S AF Zaitseva, Natalia Newby, Jason Hull, Giulia Saw, Cheng Carman, Leslie Cherepy, Nerine Payne, Stephen TI Growth and Properties of Lithium Salicylate Single Crystals SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; ORGANIC SCINTILLATORS AB Optical quality lithium salicylate (LiSal) single crystals have been grown from water and methanol Solutions for thermal neutron detection Studies. The results of structural studies showed that LiSal crystallizes from water its a stable modification different from the monohydrate LiSal center dot H2O reported previously. Growth from methanol results in the formation of unstable crystals of LiSal center dot MeOH that quickly degrade in air due to the loss of methanol. Initial radiation detection tests showed a good neutron/gamma separation in water-grown modification making LiSal in its single crystal form a potential material for thermal neutron detection. C1 [Zaitseva, Natalia; Newby, Jason; Hull, Giulia; Saw, Cheng; Carman, Leslie; Cherepy, Nerine; Payne, Stephen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zaitseva, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zaitseva1@llnl.com RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013; OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22) FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22). We also acknowledge Mark Pearson for conducting TGA analysis. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 3799 EP 3802 DI 10.1021/cg9005289 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 477RV UT WOS:000268537200066 ER PT J AU Carothers, JM Goler, JA Keasling, JD AF Carothers, James M. Goler, Jonathan A. Keasling, Jay D. TI Chemical synthesis using synthetic biology SO CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID METABOLIC PATHWAYS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RATIONAL DESIGN; EVOLUTION; ENZYMES; OPTIMIZATION; SEQUENCE; PARTS; DNA AB An immense array of naturally occurring biological systems have evolved that convert simple substrates into the products that cells need for growth and persistence. Through the careful application of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, this biotransformation potential can be harnessed to produce chemicals that address unmet clinical and industrial needs. Developing the capacity to utilize biology to perform chemistry is a matter of increasing control over both the function of synthetic biological systems and the engineering of those systems. Recent efforts have improved general techniques and yielded successes in the use of synthetic biology for the production of drugs, bulk chemicals, and fuels in microbial platform hosts. Synthetic promoter systems and novel RNA-based, or riboregulator, mechanisms give more control over gene expression. Improved methods for isolating, engineering, and evolving enzymes give more control over substrate and product specificity and better catalysis inside the cell. New computational tools and methods for high-throughput system assembly and analysis may lead to more rapid forward engineering. We highlight research that reduces reliance upon natural biological components and point to future work that may enable more rational design and assembly of synthetic biological systems for synthetic chemistry. C1 [Carothers, James M.; Goler, Jonathan A.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carothers, James M.; Goler, Jonathan A.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Synthet Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carothers, James M.; Goler, Jonathan A.; Keasling, Jay D.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 95608 USA. [Goler, Jonathan A.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Synthet Biol Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carothers, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM james.carothers@post.harvard.edu; jagoler@mit.edu; keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund FX Work in the authors' laboratory was Supported by the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI, URL: http://www.jbei.org) through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy and by the Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC, URL: http://www.synberc.org/) through a grant from the US National Science Foundation. JMC was supported in part by a Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 9 U2 64 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0958-1669 J9 CURR OPIN BIOTECH JI Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 4 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.copbio.2009.08.001 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 519HP UT WOS:000271756100017 PM 19720519 ER PT J AU Medlin, DL Snyder, GJ AF Medlin, D. L. Snyder, G. J. TI Interfaces in bulk thermoelectric materials A review for Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Thermoelectric materials; Interfaces; Grain boundaries; Crystallographic texture; Nanostructures ID HIGH-MAGNETIC-FIELD; LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; SINTERED N-TYPE; BOUNDARY SCATTERING; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; HOT EXTRUSION; ALLOYS; PBTE AB We review current progress in the understanding of interfaces in bulk thermoelectric materials. Following a brief discussion of the mechanisms by which embedded interfaces can enhance the electronic and thermal transport properties, we focus on emerging routes to engineer the nanoscale grain and interfacial structures in bulk thermoelectric materials. We address in particular (i) control of crystallographic texture, (ii) reduction of grain size to nanocrystalline dimensions, and (iii) formation of nanocomposite structures. While these approaches are beginning to yield promising improvements in performance, continued progress will require an improved fundamental understanding of the mechanisms governing the formation, stability, and properties of thermoelectric interfaces. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Snyder, G. J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Medlin, D. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Snyder, GJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Steele Bldg,Room 319,1200 Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM dlmedli@sandia.gov; jsnyder@caltech.edu RI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/E-4453-2011; Snyder, G/I-2263-2015 OI Snyder, G. Jeffrey/0000-0003-1414-8682; FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences; Sandia LDRD Office FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United Stated Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Support was provided in part by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and the Sandia LDRD Office. NR 91 TC 205 Z9 206 U1 17 U2 206 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0294 EI 1879-0399 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2009.05.001 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 475JG UT WOS:000268353800002 ER PT J AU Hillhouse, HW Beard, MC AF Hillhouse, Hugh W. Beard, Matthew C. TI Solar cells from colloidal nanocrystals: Fundamentals, materials, devices, and economics SO CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Nanocrystal; Solar; Photovoltaic; Sintered; Nanostructured; Economics; Quantum dot; MEG; Multiple exciton generation; Carrier multiplication; Shockley-Queisser; Schottky barrier; PbS; PbSe; CuInSe2; Energy; Grand challenge ID MULTIPLE EXCITON GENERATION; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; CORE-SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; CARRIER MULTIPLICATION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; ENERGY CONVERSION; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; PBSE NANOCRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS AB Recent advances in colloidal science are having a dramatic impact on the development of next generation low-cost and/or high-efficiency solar cells. Simple and safe solution phase syntheses that yield monodisperse, passivated, non-aggregated semiconductor nanocrystals of high optoelectronic quality have opened the door to several routes to new photovoltaic devices which are currently being explored. In one route, colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal "inks" are used primarily to lower the fabrication cost of the photoabsorbing layer of the solar cell. Nanocrystals are cast onto a Substrate to form either an electronically coupled nanocrystal array or are sintered to form a bulk semiconductor layer Such that the bandgap of either is optimized for the solar spectrum (1.0-1.6 eV if the photon to carrier quantum yields less than 100%). The sintered devices (and without special efforts, the nanocrystal array devices as well) are limited to power conversion efficiencies less than the Shockley-Queisser limit of 33.7% but may possibly be produced at a fraction of the manufacturing cost of an equivalent process that uses vacuum-based deposition for the absorber layer. However, some quantum confined nanocrystals display an electron-hole pair generation phenomena with greater than 100% quantum yield, called "multiple exciton generation" (MEG) or "carrier multiplication" (CM). These quantum dots are being used to develop solar cells that theoretically may exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit. The optimum bandgap for such photoabsorbers shifts to smaller energy (0.6-1.1 eV), and thus colloidal quantum dots of low bandgap materials such as PbS and PbSe have been the focus of research efforts, although multiple exciton generation has also been observed in several other systems including InAs and Si. This review focuses on the fundamental physics and chemistry of nanocrystal solar cells and on the device development efforts to utilize colloidal nanocrystals as the key component of the absorber layer in next generation solar cells. Development efforts are put into context on a quantitative and up-to-date map of solar cell cost and efficiency to clarify efforts and identify potential opportunities in light of technical limitations and recent advances in existing technology. Key nanocrystal/material selection issues are discussed, and finally, we present four grand challenges that must be addressed along the path to developing low-cost high-efficiency nanocrystal based solar cells. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hillhouse, Hugh W.] Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Hillhouse, Hugh W.] Purdue Univ, Energy Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. [Hillhouse, Hugh W.; Beard, Matthew C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hillhouse, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Chem Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM hugh@purdue.edu; matt.beard@nrel.gov OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 FU NREL [DE-AC36-086028308]; Purdue University; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences in the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy; HWH; EERE FX We acknowledge Our many collaborators at NREL and Purdue University including Arthur J. Nozik whose work on hot carrier effects in semiconductor nanostructures has had a tremendous impact on our understanding and appreciation of semiconductor nanocrystals for solar energy conversion and Rakesh Agrawal at Purdue University for the many engaging discussions about energy and photovoltaics that help illuminate the big picture as well as the key details. HWH also thanks and acknowledges NREL for hosting his stay as visiting scholar. Funding was generously provided by the Solar Photochemistry program within the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences in the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy. Partial Support for HWH was also provided by the EERE photovoltaics program of DOE. DOE funding was provided to NREL through contract DE-AC36-086028308. NR 107 TC 219 Z9 221 U1 15 U2 259 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0294 J9 CURR OPIN COLLOID IN JI Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 14 IS 4 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.cocis.2009.05.002 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 475JG UT WOS:000268353800004 ER PT J AU Ma, SB Nam, KW Yoon, WS Bak, SM Yang, XQ Cho, BW Kim, KB AF Ma, Sang-Bok Nam, Kyung-Wan Yoon, Won-Sub Bak, Seong-Min Yang, Xiao-Qing Cho, Byung-Won Kim, Kwang-Bum TI Nano-sized lithium manganese oxide dispersed on carbon nanotubes for energy storage applications SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Batteries; Carbon nanotube; Lithium manganese oxide; Nanocomposite; Nanoparticle ID ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; ELECTRODES; BATTERIES; INSERTION AB Nano-sized lithium manganese oxide (LMO) dispersed on carbon nanotubes (CNT) has been synthesized successfully via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction at 200 degrees C for 30 min using MnO(2)-coated CNT and an aqueous LiOH solution. The initial specific capacity is 99.4 mAh/g at a 1.6 C-rate, and is maintained at 99.1 mAh/g even at a 16 C-rate. The initial specific capacity is also maintained up to the 50th cycle to give 97% capacity retention. The LMO/CNT nanocomposite shows excellent power performance and good structural reversibility as an electrode material in energy storage systems, such as lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors. This synthetic strategy opens a new avenue for the effective and facile synthesis of lithium transition metal oxide/CNT nanocomposite. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Won-Sub] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. [Ma, Sang-Bok; Bak, Seong-Min; Kim, Kwang-Bum] Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Nam, Kyung-Wan; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cho, Byung-Won] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Battery Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, 861-1 Jeongneung Dong, Seoul 136702, South Korea. EM wsyoon@kookmin.ac.kr; kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Bak, Seong Min/J-4597-2013; OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Bak, Seong-Min/0000-0002-1626-5949 FU Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [ROA-2007-000-10042-0]; Kookmin University in Korea; US Department of Energy [DEAC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) through the National Research Lab. Program funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. ROA-2007-000-10042-0). This work at Kookmin University was supported by research program 2008 of Kookmin University in Korea. The work at BNL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, under the program of "Hybrid and Electric Systems", of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-98CH10886. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 6 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1575 EP 1578 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.05.058 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 489MY UT WOS:000269425400006 ER PT J AU Siriwardane, R Tian, HJ Richards, G Simonyi, T Poston, J AF Siriwardane, Ranjani Tian, Hanjing Richards, George Simonyi, Thomas Poston, James TI Chemical-Looping Combustion of Coal with Metal Oxide Oxygen Carriers SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SOLID FUELS; HYDROGEN AB The combustion and reoxidation properties of direct coal chemical-looping combustion (CLC) over CuO, Fe(2)O(3), Co(3)O(4), NiO, and Mn(2)O(3) were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and bench-scale fixed-bed flow reactor studies. When coal is heated in either nitrogen or carbon dioxide (CO,), 50% of weight loss was observed because of partial pyrolysis, consistent with the proximate analysis. Among various metal oxides evaluated, CuO showed the best reaction properties: CuO Can initiate the reduction reaction as low as 500 degrees C and complete the full combustion at 700 degrees C. In addition. the reduced copper can be fully reoxidized by air at 700 degrees C. The Combustion products formed during the CLC reaction of the coal/metal oxide mixture are CO(2) and water, while no carbon monoxide was observed. Multicycle TGA tests and bench-scale fixed-bed flow reactor tests strongly supported the feasibility of CLC of coal by using CuO as an oxygen carrier. Scanning. electron microscopy (SEM) images of solid reaction products indicated some changes in the surface morphology of a CuO-coal sample after reduction/oxidation reactions at 800 degrees C. However, significant surface sintering was not observed. The interactions of fly ash with metal oxides were investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic analysis. Overall, the results indicated that it is feasible to develop CLC with coal by metal oxides as oxygen carriers. C1 [Siriwardane, Ranjani; Tian, Hanjing; Richards, George; Simonyi, Thomas; Poston, James] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Tian, Hanjing; Simonyi, Thomas] Parsons, Pittsburgh, PA 15129 USA. RP Siriwardane, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov NR 21 TC 84 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 3885 EP 3892 DI 10.1021/ef9001605 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 484YY UT WOS:000269088300009 ER PT J AU Denholm, P Sioshansi, R AF Denholm, Paul Sioshansi, Ramteen TI The value of compressed air energy storage with wind in transmission-constrained electric power systems SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Wind; Energy storage; Transmission ID EMISSIONS; ECONOMICS AB In this work, we examine the potential advantages of co-locating wind and energy storage to increase transmission utilization and decrease transmission costs. Co-location of wind and storage decreases transmission requirements, but also decreases the economic value of energy storage compared to locating energy storage at the load. This represents a tradeoff which we examine to estimate the transmission costs required to justify moving storage from load-sited to wind-sited in three different locations in the United States. We examined compressed air energy storage (CAES) in three "wind by wire" scenarios with a variety of transmission and CAES sizes relative to a given amount of wind. In the sites and years evaluated, the optimal amount of transmission ranges from 60% to 100% of the wind farm rating, with the optimal amount of CAES equal to 0-35% of the wind farm rating, depending heavily on wind resource, value of electricity in the local market, and the cost of natural gas. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Denholm, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sioshansi, Ramteen] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Denholm, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Paul_denholm@nrel.gov; sioshansi.1@osu.edu NR 26 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 8 BP 3149 EP 3158 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.04.002 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 463GE UT WOS:000267417300032 ER PT J AU Bishop, JB Wassom, JS AF Bishop, J. B. Wassom, J. S. TI The Next 50 Years in Germ Cell Mutagenesis Research SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Bishop, J. B.] Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Wassom, J. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 537 EP 537 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400019 ER PT J AU Aypar, U Morgan, WF Baulch, JE AF Aypar, U. Morgan, W. F. Baulch, J. E. TI Epigenetic Alterations in Radiation Induced Genomic Instability SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Aypar, U.; Baulch, J. E.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Morgan, W. F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 548 EP 548 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400055 ER PT J AU Whalen, MK Sricharan, D Pluth, JM AF Whalen, M. K. Sricharan, D. Pluth, J. M. TI Elucidating the Relationship between the Effects of Various Radiation Qualities and Surrogate Cancer Endpoints Using Novel Flow-Based Assays SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Whalen, M. K.; Sricharan, D.; Pluth, J. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 550 EP 550 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400065 ER PT J AU Limoli, C Morgan, W Dayal, D Spitz, D AF Limoli, C. Morgan, W. Dayal, D. Spitz, D. TI Radiation-Induced Persistent Genomic Instability SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Limoli, C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Morgan, W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dayal, D.; Spitz, D.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 553 EP 553 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400074 ER PT J AU Yang, JY Zhu, XZ Chen, FFC AF Yang, J. Y. Zhu, X. Z. Chen, F. F. C. TI Issues Surrounding the Testing of Nanoparticles for Genotoxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Yang, J. Y.; Zhu, X. Z.; Chen, F. F. C.] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chen, F. F. C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 554 EP 554 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400080 ER PT J AU Wilson, PF Hinz, JM Urbin, SS Nham, PB Thompson, LH AF Wilson, P. F. Hinz, J. M. Urbin, S. S. Nham, P. B. Thompson, L. H. TI Role of Homologous Recombinational Repair in Radiosensitivity through the Cell Cycle in CHO Cells SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Wilson, P. F.; Hinz, J. M.; Urbin, S. S.; Nham, P. B.; Thompson, L. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 558 EP 558 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400093 ER PT J AU Marchetti, F Rowan-Carroll, A Berndt-Weis, ML Polyzos, A Yauk, C AF Marchetti, F. Rowan-Carroll, A. Berndt-Weis, M. L. Polyzos, A. Yauk, C. TI Germline Mutation in Mice Exposed to Mainstream and Sidestream Tobacco Smoke SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Environment-Mutagen-Society CY OCT 24-28, 2009 CL St Louis, MO SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 [Marchetti, F.; Polyzos, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rowan-Carroll, A.; Berndt-Weis, M. L.; Yauk, C.] Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 50 IS 7 BP 560 EP 560 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 484LM UT WOS:000269046400104 ER PT J AU Dilmore, RM Howard, BH Soong, Y Griffith, C Hedges, SW DeGalbo, AD Morreale, B Baltrus, JP Allen, DE Fu, JK AF Dilmore, Robert M. Howard, Bret H. Soong, Yee Griffith, Craig Hedges, Sheila W. DeGalbo, Angelo D. Morreale, Bryan Baltrus, John P. Allen, Douglas E. Fu, Jaw K. TI Sequestration of CO2 in Mixtures of Caustic Byproduct and Saline Waste Water SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE caustic byproduct; saline wastewater; flue gas desulfurization; CO2 ID BRINE; AQUIFERS; FORM AB Ex-situ carbonation of mixtures of caustic byproduct materials and produced oil-field brine provides a niche opportunity to sequester anthropogenic CO2, while concomitantly reducing the basicity of the reactive slurry. A series of tests were conducted to investigate a novel reaction concept designed to achieve neutralization of mixtures of acidic oil field produced brine and caustic industrial byproducts while sequestering substantial quantities of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in a mixed-flow reactor. Experiments were conducted to determine the CO2-bearing capacity of reactive mixtures of brine from the Oriskany Sandstone Formation with three caustic industrial byproducts: flue gas desulfurization (FGD) spray dryer ash, Class C fly ash subbituminous coal combustion byproduct, and bauxite residue slurry from the alumina production process. Reactions were conducted in a closed, well-mixed (1,500 rpm) reactor with gas composed of 29.46% vol./vol. CO2 balanced by nitrogen gas (N-2) fed at a rate of 300 mL/min. Reactions were carried out at ambient conditions. Results show linear relationships between caustic byproduct addition and CO2-bearing capacity, with relatively small impact of brine addition as compared to deionized water addition. FGD spray dryer ash/brine mixtures exhibited higher CO2 reactivity than those using Class C fly ash (0.759 moles CO2, at 23.6% solids by weight and 0.036 moles CO2 at 23.3% solids by weight, respectively). Bauxite residue exhibited moderate capacities in mixtures with higher percent solids (0.335 moles CO2 in 40% solids bauxite residue slurry). Carbonation capacity of caustic byproduct/acidic brine mixtures was shown to increase linearly with respect to percent caustic byproduct addition, but enhanced mineral carbonate precipitation resulting from synergistic reaction of brine cations with increased dissolved carbonate species was not observed in the short term. C1 [Dilmore, Robert M.; Howard, Bret H.; Soong, Yee; Griffith, Craig; Hedges, Sheila W.; DeGalbo, Angelo D.; Morreale, Bryan; Baltrus, John P.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Allen, Douglas E.] Salem State Coll, Salem, MA 01970 USA. [Fu, Jaw K.] ALCOA, Ctr Tech, New Kensington, PA USA. RP Dilmore, RM (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM dilmore@netl.doe.gov FU Alcoa's Front End Innovation Program; U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellowship Program FX The authors wish to acknowledge Elizabeth Frommell, who conducted X-ray diffraction analyses. This research was partially funded by Alcoa's Front End Innovation Program. Robert Dilmore and Doug Allen received funding through the U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellowship Program. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1092-8758 EI 1557-9018 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1325 EP 1333 DI 10.1089/ees.2008.0395 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 474BN UT WOS:000268257300006 ER PT J AU Thurber, RV Willner-Hall, D Rodriguez-Mueller, B Desnues, C Edwards, RA Angly, F Dinsdale, E Kelly, L Rohwer, F AF Thurber, Rebecca Vega Willner-Hall, Dana Rodriguez-Mueller, Beltran Desnues, Christelle Edwards, Robert A. Angly, Florent Dinsdale, Elizabeth Kelly, Linda Rohwer, Forest TI Metagenomic analysis of stressed coral holobionts SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK BAND DISEASE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; ORGANIC-CARBON; PORITES-LUTEA; REEF CORAL AB P>The coral holobiont is the community of metazoans, protists and microbes associated with scleractinian corals. Disruptions in these associations have been correlated with coral disease, but little is known about the series of events involved in the shift from mutualism to pathogenesis. To evaluate structural and functional changes in coral microbial communities, Porites compressa was exposed to four stressors: increased temperature, elevated nutrients, dissolved organic carbon loading and reduced pH. Microbial metagenomic samples were collected and pyrosequenced. Functional gene analysis demonstrated that stressors increased the abundance of microbial genes involved in virulence, stress resistance, sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, motility and chemotaxis, fatty acid and lipid utilization, and secondary metabolism. Relative changes in taxonomy also demonstrated that coral-associated microbiota (Archaea, Bacteria, protists) shifted from a healthy-associated coral community (e.g. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and the zooxanthellae Symbiodinium) to a community (e.g. Bacteriodetes, Fusobacteria and Fungi) of microbes often found on diseased corals. Additionally, low-abundance Vibrio spp. were found to significantly alter microbiome metabolism, suggesting that the contribution of a just a few members of a community can profoundly shift the health status of the coral holobiont. C1 [Thurber, Rebecca Vega; Willner-Hall, Dana; Rodriguez-Mueller, Beltran; Desnues, Christelle; Edwards, Robert A.; Angly, Florent; Dinsdale, Elizabeth; Kelly, Linda; Rohwer, Forest] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Edwards, Robert A.; Angly, Florent] San Diego State Univ, Computat Sci Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Edwards, Robert A.] San Diego State Univ, Ctr Microbial Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Thurber, Rebecca Vega] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Desnues, Christelle] Fac Med Timone, URMITE UMR 6236, F-13385 Marseille, France. [Edwards, Robert A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thurber, RV (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM rvegathurber@gmail.com RI Angly, Florent/A-7717-2011; Desnues, Christelle/B-1383-2010 OI Angly, Florent/0000-0002-8999-0738; Desnues, Christelle/0000-0002-2178-0355 FU NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship [DBI-0511948]; Marine Microbial Initiative Grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; SAP [2007-72] FX This work was sponsored by NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship # DBI-0511948 to R.V.T. and by a Marine Microbial Initiative Grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to F.R. We would like to thank the Rappe laboratory and all those at HIMB who sponsored R.V.T. in Hawaii. Andrew Thurber, Danielle Drumm and Mark Hatay were also instrumental in the collections of the corals. Corals were sampled under the auspices of an HIMB collection permit and on a Department of Land and Natural Resources special activity permit, SAP # 2007-72 to R.V.T. NR 90 TC 164 Z9 166 U1 17 U2 119 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 11 IS 8 BP 2148 EP 2163 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01935.x PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479JH UT WOS:000268655000019 ER PT J AU Shi, LA Richardson, DJ Wang, ZM Kerisit, SN Rosso, KM Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK AF Shi, Liang Richardson, David J. Wang, Zheming Kerisit, Sebastien N. Rosso, Kevin M. Zachara, John M. Fredrickson, James K. TI The roles of outer membrane cytochromes of Shewanella and Geobacter in extracellular electron transfer SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS LA English DT Review ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; IRON REDUCING BACTERIUM; ONEIDENSIS MR-1; OXIDE REDUCTION; OMCA; MTRC; SURFACE; SULFURREDUCENS; RESPIRATION AB As key components of the electron transfer (ET) pathways used for dissimilatory reduction of solid iron [Fe(III)] (hydr)oxides, outer membrane multihaem c-type cytochromes MtrC and OmcA of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and OmcE and OmcS of Geobacter sulfurreducens mediate ET reactions extracellularly. Both MtrC and OmcA are at least partially exposed to the extracellular side of the outer membrane and their translocation across the outer membrane is mediated by bacterial type II secretion system. Purified MtrC and OmcA can bind Fe(III) oxides, such as haematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)), and directly transfer electrons to the haematite surface. Bindings of MtrC and OmcA to haematite are probably facilitated by their putative haematite-binding motifs whose conserved sequence is Thr-Pro-Ser/Thr. Purified MtrC and OmcA also exhibit broad operating potential ranges that make it thermodynamically feasible to transfer electrons directly not only to Fe(III) oxides but also to other extracellular substrates with different redox potentials. OmcE and OmcS are proposed to be located on the Geobacter cell surface where they are believed to function as intermediates to relay electrons to type IV pili, which are hypothesized to transfer electrons directly to the metal oxides. Cell surface-localized cytochromes thus are key components mediating extracellular ET reactions in both Shewanella and Geobacter for extracellular reduction of Fe(III) oxides. C1 [Shi, Liang; Wang, Zheming; Kerisit, Sebastien N.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Zachara, John M.; Fredrickson, James K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Richardson, David J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Shi, LA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM liang.shi@pnl.gov; jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Richardson, David/E-2275-2011 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Science under the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ERSP Scientific Focus Area; Royal Society; Wolfson Foundation FX We would like to thank the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Science's Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP) for its support under the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ERSP Scientific Focus Area. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. D.J.R. thanks the Royal Society and Wolfson Foundation for support through a merit award. NR 49 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 8 U2 104 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1758-2229 J9 ENV MICROBIOL REP JI Environ. Microbiol. Rep. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 1 IS 4 BP 220 EP 227 DI 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00035.x PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 608RC UT WOS:000278602600002 PM 23765850 ER PT J AU James, CA Xin, G Doty, SL Muiznieks, I Newman, L Strand, SE AF James, C. Andrew Xin, Gang Doty, Sharon L. Muiznieks, Indulis Newman, Lee Strand, Stuart E. TI A mass balance study of the phytoremediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated groundwater SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Phytoremediation; Perchloroethylene; Mass balance ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; FIELD CONDITIONS; UNITED-STATES; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PLANTS; REMEDIATION; TREES; DEGRADATION AB A mass balance study was performed under controlled field conditions to investigate the phytoremediation of perchloroethylene (PCE) by hybrid poplar trees. Water containing 7-14 mg L(-1) PCE was added to the test bed. Perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and cis-dichloroethylene were detected in the effluent at an average of 0.12 mg L(-1), 3.9 mg L(-1), and 1.9 mg L(-1), respectively. The total mass of chlorinated ethenes in the water was reduced by 99%. Over 95% of the recovered chlorine was as free chloride in the soil, indicating near-complete dehalogenation of the PCE. Transpiration, volatilization, and accumulation in the trees were all found to be minor loss mechanisms. In contrast, 98% of PCE applied to an unplanted soil chamber was recovered as PCE in the effluent water or volatilized into the air. These results suggest that phytoremediation can be an effective method for treating PCE-contaminated groundwater in field applications. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Strand, Stuart E.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Xin, Gang] Hydranautics, Oceanside, CA 92058 USA. [Newman, Lee] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Strand, SE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sstrand@u.washington.edu OI Doty, Sharon/0000-0002-9546-315X FU University of Washington [NIEHS P42ES04696] FX This work was funded by NIEHS grant University of Washington Superfund Basic Research Program, Grant#: > NIEHS P42ES04696 and the Valle Fellowship and Exchange Program at the University of Washington. It was performed with the assistance of Occidental Chemical Corporation. We would like to thank Ms. Julie Horowitz for her careful review of this manuscript. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD AUG-SEP PY 2009 VL 157 IS 8-9 BP 2564 EP 2569 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.02.033 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 465LM UT WOS:000267586200047 PM 19345455 ER PT J AU Bohlke, JK Hatzinger, PB Sturchio, NC Gu, BH Abbene, I Mroczkowski, SJ AF Bohlke, John Karl Hatzinger, Paul B. Sturchio, Neil C. Gu, Baohua Abbene, Irene Mroczkowski, Stanley J. TI Atacama Perchlorate as an Agricultural Contaminant in Groundwater: Isotopic and Chronologic Evidence from Long Island, New York SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; NATURAL PERCHLORATE; SANDY AQUIFER; HIGH-PLAINS; NEW-MEXICO; NITRATE; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; BIODEGRADATION; IDENTIFICATION AB Perchlorate (ClO4-) is a common groundwater constituent with both synthetic and natural sources. A potentially important source of ClO4- is past agricultural application of ClO4--bearingnatural NO3- fertilizer imported from the Atacama Desert, Chile, but evidence for this has been largely circumstantial. Here we report ClO4- stable isotope data (delta(CI)-C-37, delta O-18, and Delta O-17), along with other supporting chemical and isotopic environmental tracer data, to document groundwater ClO4- contamination sources and history in parts of Long Island, New York. Sampled groundwaters were oxic and ClO4- apparently was not affected by biodegradation within the aquifers. Synthetic ClO4- was indicated by the isotopic method in groundwater near a fireworks disposal site at a former missile base, Atacama ClO4- was indicated in agricultural and urbanizing areas in groundwaters with apparent ages >20 years. In an agricultural area, ClO4- concentrations and ClO4-/NO3- ratios increased with groundwater age, possibly because of decreasing application rates of Atacama NO3- fertilizers and/or decreasing ClO4- concentrations in Atacama NO3- fertilizers in recent years. Because ClO4-/NO3- ratios of Atacama NO3- fertilizers imported in the past (similar to 2 x 10(-3) mol mol(-1)) were much higher than the ClO4-/NO3- ratio of recommended drinking-water limits (7 X 10(-5) mol mol(-1) in New York), ClO4- could exceed drinking-water limits even where NO3- does not, and where Atacama NO3- was only a minor source of N. Groundwater ClO4- with distinctive isotopic composition was a sensitive indicator of past Atacama NO3- fertilizer use on Long Island and may be common in other areas that received NO3- fertilizers from the late 19th century through the 20th century. C1 [Mroczkowski, Stanley J.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Hatzinger, Paul B.] Shaw Environm Inc, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 USA. [Sturchio, Neil C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. [Abbene, Irene] US Geol Survey, Coram, NY 11727 USA. EM jkbohlke@usgs.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956 FU U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program [ER-0509, DE-AC05-0001122725]; USGS National Research Program in Water Resources; Suffolk County Department of Health Services,; Suffolk County Water Authority (SCWA) FX This study was supported by the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ER-0509), USGS National Research Program in Water Resources, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, and Suffolk County Water Authority (SCWA). Oak Ridge National Laboratory was managed by UT-Battelle TIC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-0001122725. Stephen Terracciano (USGS) and members of the SCWA contributed to planning and execution of the project. Andrew Jackson (Texas Tech University) provided low-level perchlorate concentration data. Linnea Heraty (University of Illinois at Chicago) measured Cl isotope ratios. Helpful reviews were provided by Andrew Jackson, Peter McMahon (USGS), and three anonymous reviewers. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 47 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5619 EP 5625 DI 10.1021/es9006433 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600014 PM 19731653 ER PT J AU Maddalena, R Russell, M Sullivan, DP Apte, MG AF Maddalena, Randy Russell, Marion Sullivan, Douglas P. Apte, Michael G. TI Formaldehyde and Other Volatile Organic Chemical Emissions in Four FEMA Temporary Housing Units SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDOOR-VOCS; AIR AB Indoor concentrations of 33 volatile organic chemicals were measured in four unoccupied temporary housing units (THUS) belonging to the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Administration (FEMA). The highest level contaminants in the THUS include formaldehyde, acetic acid, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) with median concentrations of 440, 425, and 36 ppb, respectively. A number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were higher than published concentrations in other dwellings, but whole THU emission factors for most chemicals were either lower than or similar to values reported for newly constructed homes. However, several chemicals exceeded previously measured new building emission rates by over a factor of 5. Materials were collected from the THUS, and emission factors were determined using small chambers to identify the potential source of indoor contaminants. The individual materials were grouped by material type, and emissions were used to derive exposure concentrations for comparison to reference values. Using material loading factors and ventilation rates that are relevant to the trailers, all of the material types we tested had at least two chemicals (formaldehyde and nonanal)with derived concentrations in excess of chronic reference exposure levels or odor thresholds. The extensive use of composite wood products, sealants, and vinyl coverings, combined with the low air exchange rates relative to material surface areas, may explain the high concentrations of some VOCs and formaldehyde. C1 [Maddalena, Randy; Russell, Marion; Sullivan, Douglas P.; Apte, Michael G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maddalena, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rlmaddalena@lbl.gov FU National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) [08FED894632]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by interagency agreement 08FED894632 by the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technology, State, and Community Programs of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of CDC-NCEH or DOE. We thank Mike Gressel and Chad Dowell of CDC-NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) for their technical and field support. We also thank Moya Melody for editorial work in the preparation of this manuscript. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5626 EP 5632 DI 10.1021/es9011178 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600015 PM 19731654 ER PT J AU Robrock, KR Coelhan, M Sedlak, DL Alvarez-Cohen, L AF Robrock, Kristin R. Coelhan, Mehmet Sedlak, David L. Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa TI Aerobic Biotransformation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) by Bacterial Isolates SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DEGRADATION; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; SP STRAIN LB400; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; CHLORINE SUBSTITUTION; IN-VITRO; TRANSFORMATION; BIODEGRADATION; PATHWAY; WATER AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame retardants that have been used in consumer products and furniture for three decades. Currently, very little is known about their fate in the environment and specifically about their susceptibility to aerobic biotransformation. Here, we investigated the ability of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degrading bacteria Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to transform mono- through hexa-BDEs at ppb levels. We also tested the PBDE transforming abilities of the related strain Rhodococcus sp. RR1 and the ether-degrading Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190. The two PCB-degrading strains transformed all of the mono- through penta-BDEs and strain LB400 transformed one of the hexa-BDEs. The extent of transformation was inversely proportional to the degree of bromination. Strains RR1 and CB1190 were only able to transform the less brominated mono- and di-BDE congeners. RHA1 released stoichiometric quantities of bromide while transforming mono- and tetra-BDE congeners, LB400 instead converted most of a mono-BDE to a hydroxylated mono-BDE. This is the first report of aerobic transformation of tetra-, penta,- and hexa-BDEs as well as the first report of stoichiometric release of bromide during PBDE transformation. C1 [Robrock, Kristin R.; Sedlak, David L.; Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Coelhan, Mehmet] Tech Univ Munich, Res Ctr Brewing & Food Qual, D-8000 Munich, Germany. [Alvarez-Cohen, Lisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alvarez-Cohen, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alvarez@ce.berkeley.edu FU UC Riverside Center for Water Resources; NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program [ES04705-19]; Chang-Lin Tien Scholarship for Biodiversity FX We thank Dr. Jorge Loyo Rosales for assistance with GC-MS analysis and Eva Agus for help with analytical techniques. We also thank Dr. Bill Mohn and Dr. Rebecca Parales for kindly donating Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 and Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190, respectively. We gratefully acknowledge Accustandard for providing the GC-MS spectrum of a hydroxylated mono-BDE. K.R. also thanks Dr. Gregory Cost for helpful advice, Funding was provided by The UC Riverside Center for Water Resources, the NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program ES04705-19 and the Chang-Lin Tien Scholarship for Biodiversity. NR 40 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 21 U2 141 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5705 EP 5711 DI 10.1021/es900411k PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600027 PM 19731666 ER PT J AU Demou, E Hellweg, S Wilson, MP Hammond, SK McKone, TE AF Demou, Evangelia Hellweg, Stefanie Wilson, Michael P. Hammond, S. Katharine McKone, Thomas E. TI Evaluating Indoor Exposure Modeling Alternatives for LCA: A Case Study in the Vehicle Repair Industry SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT; TURBULENT-DIFFUSION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; PERCHLOROETHYLENE; INHALATION; POLLUTANTS; CHEMICALS; PARTS AB We evaluated three exposure models with data obtained from measurements among workers who use "aerosol" solvent products in the vehicle repair industry and with field experiments using these products to simulate the same exposure conditions. The three exposure models were the (1) homogeneously mixed-one-box model, (2) multizone model, and (3) eddy-diffusion model. Temporally differentiated real-time breathing zone volatile organic compound (VOC) concentration measurements, integrated far-field area samples, and simulated experiments were used in estimating parameters, such as emission rates, diffusivity, and near-field dimensions. We assessed differences in model input requirements and their efficacy for predictive modeling. The One-box model was not able to resemble the temporal profile of exposure concentrations, but it performed well concerning time-weighted exposure over extended time periods. However, this model required an adjustment for spatial concentration gradients. Multizone models and diffusion-models may solve this problem. However, we found that the reliable use of both these models requires extensive field data to appropriately define pivotal parameters such as diffusivity or near-field dimensions. We conclude that it is difficult to apply these models for predicting VOC exposures in the workplace, However, for comparative exposure scenarios in life-cycle assessment they may be useful. C1 [Demou, Evangelia; Hellweg, Stefanie] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Wilson, Michael P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McKone, Thomas E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Demou, E (reprint author), ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM evangelia.demou@ifu.baug.ethz.ch OI Hellweg, Stefanie/0000-0001-6376-9878; Demou, Evangelia/0000-0001-8616-525X FU NCEH CDC HHS [U19/EH000097-02] NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5804 EP 5810 DI 10.1021/es803551y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600041 PM 19731680 ER PT J AU Carmichael, GR Adhikary, B Kulkarni, S D'Allura, A Tang, YH Streets, D Zhang, Q Bond, TC Ramanathan, V Jamroensan, A Marrapu, P AF Carmichael, Gregory R. Adhikary, Bhupesh Kulkarni, Sarika D'Allura, Alessio Tang, Youhua Streets, David Zhang, Qiang Bond, Tami C. Ramanathan, Veerabhadran Jamroensan, Aditsuda Marrapu, Pallavi TI Asian Aerosols: Current and Year 2030 Distributions and Implications to Human Health and Regional Climate Change SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACE-ASIA; EMISSIONS; ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVALS; MODEL AB Aerosol distributions in Asia calculated over a 4-year period and constrained by satellite observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD) are presented. Vast regions in Asia that include >80% of the population have PM2.5 concentrations that exceed on an annual basis the WHO guideline of 10 mu g/m(3), often by factors of 2 to 4. These high aerosol loadings also have important radiative effects, causing a significant dimming at the surface, and mask similar to 45% of the warming by greenhouse gases. Black carbon (BC) concentrations are high throughout Asia, representing 5-10% of the total AOD, and contributing significantly to atmospheric warming (its warming potential is similar to 55% of that due to CO2). PM levels and AODs in year 2030, estimated based on simulations that consider future changes in emissions, are used to explore opportunities for win-win strategies built upon addressing air quality and climate change together. It is found that in 2030 the PM2.5 levels in significant parts of Asia will increase and exacerbate health impacts; but the aerosols will have a larger masking effect on radiative forcing, due to a decrease in BC and an increase in SO2 emissions. C1 [Carmichael, Gregory R.; Adhikary, Bhupesh; Kulkarni, Sarika; D'Allura, Alessio; Tang, Youhua; Jamroensan, Aditsuda; Marrapu, Pallavi] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Streets, David] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bond, Tami C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Ramanathan, Veerabhadran] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Carmichael, GR (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, 424 IATL, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gcarmich@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Bond, Tami/A-1317-2013; Marrapu, Pallavi/O-1008-2014; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; OI Bond, Tami/0000-0001-5968-8928; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU NASA [NNG04GC58G] FX We thank the various PIS of MODIS and AERONET for maintaining their sites so that we could use their observation data. This work was supported by a NASA grant (NNG04GC58G and INTEX B). A special thanks to L.R. Leung of the PNNL fur providing the meteorological fields used in this Study. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 5811 EP 5817 DI 10.1021/es8036803 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600042 PM 19731681 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, G Negri, MC Wang, M Wu, M Snyder, SW Lafreniere, L AF Gopalakrishnan, Gayathri Negri, M. Cristina Wang, Michael Wu, May Snyder, Seth W. Lafreniere, Lorraine TI Biofuels, Land, and Water: A Systems Approach to Sustainability SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; BIOENERGY PRODUCTION; CORN STOVER; WASTE-WATER; CARBON; US; ETHANOL; N2O; AGRICULTURE AB There is a strong societal need to evaluate and understand the sustainability of biofuels, especially because of the significant increases in production mandated by many countries, including the United States. Sustainability will be a strong factor in the regulatory environment and investments in biofuels. Biomass feedstock production is an important contributor to environmental, social, and economic impacts from biofuels. This study presents a systems approach where the agricultural, energy, and environmental sectors are considered as components of a single system, and environmental liabilities are used as recoverable resources for biomass feedstock production. We focus on efficient use of land and water resources. We conducted a spatial analysis evaluating marginal land and degraded water resources to improve feedstock productivity with concomitant environmental restoration for the state of Nebraska. Results indicate that utilizing marginal land resources such as riparian and roadway buffer strips, brownfield sites, and marginal agricultural land could produce enough feedstocks to meet a maximum of 22% of the energy requirements of the state compared to the current supply of 2%. Degraded water resources such as nitrate-contaminated groundwater and wastewater were evaluated as sources of nutrients and water to improve feedstock productivity. Spatial overlap between degraded water and marginal land resources was found to be as high as 96% and could maintain sustainable feedstock production on marginal lands. Other benefits of implementing this strategy include feedstock intensification to decrease biomass transportation costs, restoration of contaminated water resources, and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Gayathri; Negri, M. Cristina; Wang, Michael; Wu, May; Snyder, Seth W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lafreniere, Lorraine] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalakrishnan, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ggopalakrishnan@anl.gov RI Snyder, Seth/C-4370-2008 OI Snyder, Seth/0000-0001-6232-1668 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX Funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy is gratefully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 6094 EP 6100 DI 10.1021/es900801u PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600085 PM 19731724 ER PT J AU Mills, A Wiser, R Milligan, M O'Malley, M AF Mills, Andrew Wiser, Ryan Milligan, Michael O'Malley, Mark TI Comment on "Air Emissions Due to Wind and Solar Power" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Mills, Andrew; Wiser, Ryan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Milligan, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [O'Malley, Mark] Univ Coll Dublin, Sch Elect Elect & Mech Engn, Dublin 4, Ireland. RP Mills, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mills, Andrew/B-3469-2016 OI Mills, Andrew/0000-0002-9065-0458 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 43 IS 15 BP 6106 EP 6107 DI 10.1021/es900831b PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 476XR UT WOS:000268480600087 PM 19731726 ER PT J AU Kumar, RA Papaiconomou, N Lee, JM Salminen, J Clark, DS Prausnitz, JM AF Kumar, R. Anand Papaiconomou, Nicolas Lee, Jong-Min Salminen, Justin Clark, Douglas S. Prausnitz, John M. TI In Vitro Cytotoxicities of Ionic Liquids: Effect of Cation Rings, Functional Groups, and Anions SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ionic liquids; cytotoxicity; task-specific ionic liquids ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SOLAR-CELLS; ELECTROLYTES; EXTRACTION; PRODUCTS; DESIGN; LINE AB In vitro cytotoxicities were measured for ionic liquids (ILs) containing various cations and anions using the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. We measured the cytotoxicities of ionic liquids containing the cations pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, or imidazolium with various alkyl chain lengths, and the anions bromide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide (Tf(2)N), trifluoromethylsulfonate (TfO), or non-afluoromethylsulfonate (NfO). Three new hydrophobic, task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), namely, [MBCNPip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), [MPS(2)Pip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), and [MPS(2)Pyrro](+)[Tf(2)N](-) designed for metal-ion extraction were also evaluated. IC(50) values of the ionic liquids toward the MCF7 cells ranged from 8 mu M to 44 mM. The toxicity depended significantly on the nature of the cations and anions, especially when the cations contained a long side chain. TSILs studied in this work were less toxic than the classical ILs. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 388-395, 2009. C1 [Kumar, R. Anand; Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Lee, Jong-Min; Salminen, Justin; Clark, Douglas S.; Prausnitz, John M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Papaiconomou, Nicolas; Lee, Jong-Min; Prausnitz, John M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Salminen, Justin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clark, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clark@berkeley.edu; prausnit@cchem.berkeley.edu FU Office for Basic Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy; NIH; NYSTAR; TEKES FX Contract grant sponsors: Office for Basic Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, NIH, NYSTAR, TEKES. NR 27 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 4 BP 388 EP 395 DI 10.1002/tox.20443 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 470IA UT WOS:000267967200009 PM 18825729 ER PT J AU Soares-Pinto, DO Souza, AM Sarthour, RS Oliveira, IS Reis, MS Brandao, P Rocha, J dos Santos, AM AF Soares-Pinto, D. O. Souza, A. M. Sarthour, R. S. Oliveira, I. S. Reis, M. S. Brandao, P. Rocha, J. dos Santos, A. M. TI Entanglement temperature in molecular magnets composed of S-spin dimers SO EPL LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; STATES; DYNAMICS AB In the present work, we investigate the quantum thermal entanglement in molecular magnets composed of dimers of spin S, using an Entanglement Witness built from measurements of magnetic susceptibility. An entanglement temperature, T-e, is then obtained for some values of spin S. From this, it is shown that T-e is proportional to the intradimer exchange interaction J and that entanglement appears only for antiferromagnetic coupling. The results are compared to experiments carried on three isostructural materials: KNaMSi4O10 (M=Mn, Fe or Cu). Copyright (C) EPLA, 2009 C1 [Soares-Pinto, D. O.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Souza, A. M.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Souza, A. M.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Reis, M. S.; Brandao, P.; Rocha, J.] Univ Aveiro, CICECO, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Brandao, P.; Rocha, J.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Quim, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [dos Santos, A. M.] ORNL, NSSD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Soares-Pinto, D. O.; Sarthour, R. S.; Oliveira, I. S.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, BR-22290180 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Soares-Pinto, DO (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, POB 369, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM diogo.osp@ursa.ifsc.usp.br RI Oliveira, Ivan/A-4196-2012; Soares-Pinto, Diogo/A-1821-2012; 1, INCT/G-5846-2013; Informacao quantica, Inct/H-9493-2013; Brandao, Paula/J-3759-2013; Rocha, Joao/A-2486-2010; de souza, alexandre/D-4164-2015; dos Santos, Antonio/A-5602-2016; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 OI Soares-Pinto, Diogo/0000-0002-4293-6144; Brandao, Paula/0000-0002-4746-6073; Rocha, Joao/0000-0002-0417-9402; de souza, alexandre/0000-0002-3220-9082; dos Santos, Antonio/0000-0001-6900-0816; FU CNPq; CAPES; Brazilian Millennium Institute for Quantum Information; FAPESP; PCI-CBPF program FX The authors thank T. G. RAPPOPORT and T.J. BONAGAMBA for their comments. We would like to thank the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, CAPES and the Brazilian Millennium Institute for Quantum Information. DOSP acknowledges the financial support from FAPESP. AMS acknowledges the government of Ontario. MSR acknowledges the financial support from the PCI-CBPF program. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD AUG PY 2009 VL 87 IS 4 AR 40008 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/87/40008 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 498MZ UT WOS:000270146400008 ER PT J AU Yanowitz, J McCormick, RL AF Yanowitz, Janet McCormick, Robert L. TI Effect of biodiesel blends on North American heavy-duty diesel engine emissions SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE B20; Biodiesel; Diesel; Emissions; Heavy-duty ID EXHAUST EMISSIONS; VEHICLES; IMPACT AB We conducted an assessment of North American heavy-duty engine emission test results for biodiesel from 49 experimental studies, including both engine dynamometer and vehicle test results. Comparison with a commercial database showed that the engines in the emissions database are not representative of the existing North American in-use fleet as of 2007; more than 50%, of the tested engines were of 1995 or earlier vintage. Nevertheless, the results show that the use of a common biodiesel blend (B20) consistently reduces emissions of particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide by 10-20%. Tests with B20 show varying effects on oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)). If results for pre-1992 two-cycle 6V-92TA(E) engines (which represent 0.20% of the 2007 in-use fleet but 28% of the engines tested) are removed, then there is no statistical evidence that the average NO(x) emissions from 130 and B20 are different (p value of 0.50 for an estimated average increase of 1%). Several researchers have used changes in engine calibration to eliminate any NO(x) penalty associated with B20 (in engines that show an increase in NO(x) with B20), while still maintaining the advantages of B20 in reducing other pollutants. The emissions effect of B20 on heavy-duty diesel truck emissions did not show any correlation with model year or type of fuel injection equipment. C1 [McCormick, Robert L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US Dept Energy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yanowitz, Janet] EcoEngineering, Boulder, CO USA. RP McCormick, RL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, US Dept Energy, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM robert_mccormick@nrel.gov RI McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program, and Fuels Technologies & Technology Deployment activity activity support of their work in this area. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 111 IS 8 BP 763 EP 772 DI 10.1002/ejlt.200800245 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 493KU UT WOS:000269736300003 ER PT J AU Jacques, VLR Le Bolloc'h, D Ravy, S Giles, C Livet, F Wilkins, SB AF Jacques, V. L. R. Le Bolloc'h, D. Ravy, S. Giles, C. Livet, F. Wilkins, S. B. TI Spin density wave dislocation in chromium probed by coherent X-ray diffraction SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL B LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTION NOISE; CHARGE; SCATTERING; DYNAMICS; STRAIN; ALLOYS; TRANSITION; GENERATION; HARMONICS; PATTERNS AB We report on the study of a magnetic dislocation in pure chromium. Coherent X-ray diffraction profiles obtained on the incommensurate Spin Density Wave (SDW) reflection are consistent with the presence of a dislocation of the magnetic order, embedded at a few micrometers from the surface of the sample. Beyond the specific case of magnetic dislocations in chromium, this work may open up a new method for the study of magnetic defects embedded in the bulk. C1 [Jacques, V. L. R.; Le Bolloc'h, D.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8502, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Jacques, V. L. R.; Ravy, S.] LOrme Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, F-91192 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Giles, C.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Livet, F.] ENSEEG, CNRS, UMR 5614, LTPCM, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Wilkins, S. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jacques, VLR (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8502, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM jacques@lps.u-psud.fr RI Giles, Carlos/E-2878-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017 OI Giles, Carlos/0000-0001-8373-7398; NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6028 J9 EUR PHYS J B JI Eur. Phys. J. B PD AUG PY 2009 VL 70 IS 3 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1140/epjb/e2009-00231-3 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 486QA UT WOS:000269211000003 ER PT J AU Albright, CH Rodejohann, W AF Albright, Carl H. Rodejohann, Werner TI Comparing trimaximal mixing and its variants with deviations from tri-bimaximal mixing SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-NEUTRINO OBSERVATIONS; CP VIOLATION; OSCILLATIONS AB We analyze in detail the predictions of "trimaximal" neutrino mixing, which is defined by a mixing matrix with identical second column elements. This column is therefore identical to the second column in the case of tri-bimaximal mixing. We also generalize trimaximal mixing by assuming that the other rows and columns of the mixing matrix individually can have the same forms as for tri-bimaximal mixing. The phenomenology of these alternative scenarios and their mixing angle and CP phase correlations are studied. We emphasize how trimaximal mixing scenarios can be distinguished experimentally from broken tri-bimaximal mixing. C1 [Albright, Carl H.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Albright, Carl H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Rodejohann, Werner] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Albright, CH (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. EM albright@fnal.gov; werner.rodejohann@mpi-hd.mpg.de OI Rodejohann, Werner/0000-0003-1688-1028; Albright, Carl/0000-0002-2252-6359 FU ERC; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FX W. R. wishes to thank Walter Grimus and the Universitat Wien, where parts of this work were carried out, for kind hospitality and discussions. This work was supported by the ERC under the Starting Grant MANITOP and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the Transregio 27 "Neutrinos and beyond - weakly interacting particles in physics, astrophysics and cosmology" (W. R.). C. H. A. thanks the members of the Fermilab Theory Group for their kind hospitality. NR 46 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD AUG PY 2009 VL 62 IS 3 BP 599 EP 608 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1074-3 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 477EY UT WOS:000268502600016 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cindolo, F Corradi, M Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Antonelli, S Basile, M Bindi, M Cifarelli, L Contin, A De Pasquale, S Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Paul, E Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Kaur, M Kaur, P Singh, I Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ibrahim, ZA Idris, F Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WAT Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Pawlik, B Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Behnke, O Behrens, U Blohm, C Bonato, A Borras, K Bot, D Ciesielski, R Coppola, N Fang, S Fourletova, J Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Huettmann, A Januschek, F Kahle, B Katkov, I Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lisovyi, M Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Montanari, A Namsoo, T Notz, D Parenti, A Rinaldi, L Roloff, P Rubinsky, I Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Ukleja, J Wolf, G Wrona, K Molina, AGY Youngman, C Zeuner, W Drugakov, V Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Dunne, W Forrest, M Rosin, M Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Papageorgiu, K Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Perrey, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Stadie, H Turcato, M Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Aushev, V Bachynska, O Borodin, M Kadenko, I Kozulia, A Libov, V Lontkovskyi, D Makarenko, I Sorokin, I Verbytskyi, A Volynets, O Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M Labarga, L del Peso, J Ron, E Soares, M Terron, J Uribe-Estrada, C Zambrana, M Corriveau, F Liu, C Schwartz, J Walsh, R Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Abt, I Caldwell, A Kollar, D Reisert, B Schmidke, WB Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Foster, B Gwenlan, C Horton, K Oliver, K Robertson, A Walczak, R Bertolin, A Corso, F Dusini, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Bellan, P Brugnera, R Carlin, R Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Oh, BY Raval, A Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Stern, A Kuze, M Maeda, J Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Sola, V Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Stewart, TP Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Jones, TW Loizides, JH Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Perlanski, W Tymieniecka, T Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Ukleja, A Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Brownson, E Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Bellagamba, L. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cindolo, F. Corradi, M. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Antonelli, S. Basile, M. Bindi, M. Cifarelli, L. Contin, A. De Pasquale, S. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. P. Juengst, M. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Paul, E. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Kaur, M. Kaur, P. Singh, I. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ibrahim, Z. A. Mohamad Idris, F. Kamaluddin, B. Wan Abdullah, W. A. T. Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Olkiewicz, K. Pawlik, B. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Behnke, O. Behrens, U. Blohm, C. Bonato, A. Borras, K. Bot, D. Ciesielski, R. Coppola, N. Fang, S. Fourletova, J. Geiser, A. Goettlicher, P. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Huettmann, A. Januschek, F. Kahle, B. Katkov, I. I. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lisovyi, M. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Montanari, A. Namsoo, T. Notz, D. Parenti, A. Rinaldi, L. Roloff, P. Rubinsky, I. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Ukleja, J. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Molina, A. G. Yagues Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Drugakov, V. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Dunne, W. Forrest, M. Rosin, M. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Papageorgiu, K. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Perrey, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Stadie, H. Turcato, M. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Aushev, V. Bachynska, O. Borodin, M. Kadenko, I. Kozulia, A. Libov, V. Lontkovskyi, D. Makarenko, I. Sorokin, Iu. Verbytskyi, A. Volynets, O. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. Labarga, L. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Soares, M. Terron, J. Uribe-Estrada, C. Zambrana, M. Corriveau, F. Liu, C. Schwartz, J. Walsh, R. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Gladkov, D. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Golubkov, Yu. A. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Abt, I. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Reisert, B. Schmidke, W. B. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Devenish, R. C. E. Ferrando, J. Foster, B. Gwenlan, C. Horton, K. Oliver, K. Robertson, A. Walczak, R. Bertolin, A. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Bellan, P. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Stern, A. Kuze, M. Maeda, J. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Costa, M. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Sola, V. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Stewart, T. P. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Perlanski, W. Tymieniecka, T. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Ukleja, A. Eisenberg, Y. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Brownson, E. Reeder, D. D. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of high-Q(2) neutral current deep inelastic e(-) p scattering cross sections with a longitudinally polarised electron beam at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; QCD ANALYSIS; NUCLEON SCATTERING; PROTON COLLISIONS; JET FRAGMENTATION; EVENT GENERATOR; E+E-PHYSICS; LOW X AB Measurements of the neutral current cross sections for deep inelastic scattering in e(-) p collisions at HERA with a longitudinally polarised electron beam are presented. The single-differential cross-sections d sigma/dQ(2), d sigma/dx and d sigma/dy and the double-differential cross sections in Q(2) and x are measured in the kinematic region y < 0.9 and Q(2) > 185GeV(2) for both positively and negatively polarised electron beams and for each polarisation state separately. The measurements are based on an integrated luminosity of 169.9pb(-1) taken with the ZEUS detector in 2005 and 2006 at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV. The structure functions x (F) over tilde (3) and xF(3)(gamma Z) are determined by combining the e(-) p results presented in this paper with previously measured e(+) p neutral current data. The asymmetry parameter A(-) is used to demonstrate the parity violating effects of electroweak interactions at large spacelike photon virtuality. The measurements agree well with the predictions of the Standard Model. C1 [Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Nicholass, D.; Repond, J.; Yoshida, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mattingly, M. C. K.; Foudas, C.; Fry, C.; Long, K. R.; Tapper, A. D.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Cindolo, F.; Corradi, M.; Iacobucci, G.; Margotti, A.; Nania, R.; Polini, A.; Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.; Allfrey, P. D.; Bell, M. A.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R. C. E.; Ferrando, J.; Foster, B.; Gwenlan, C.; Horton, K.; Oliver, K.; Robertson, A.; Walczak, R.; Cole, J. E.; Hart, J. C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.; Cole, J. E.; Hart, J. C.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bartsch, D.; Brock, I.; Hartmann, H.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H. P.; Juengst, M.; Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E.; Paul, E.; Samson, U.; Schoenberg, V.; Shehzadi, R.; Wlasenko, M.; Boutle, S. K.; Butterworth, J. M.; Jones, T. W.; Loizides, J. H.; Wing, M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Kaur, M.; Kaur, P.; Singh, I.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh, India. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Kim, J. Y.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Ibrahim, Z. A.; Mohamad Idris, F.; Kamaluddin, B.; Wan Abdullah, W. A. T.] Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Ning, Y.; Ren, Z.; Sciulli, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Eskreys, A.; Figiel, J.; Galas, A.; Olkiewicz, K.; Pawlik, B.; Stopa, P.; Zawiejski, L.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Adamczyk, L.; Bold, T.; Grabowska-Bold, I.; Kisielewska, D.; Lukasik, J.; Przybycien, M.; Suszycki, L.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. [Kotanski, A.; Slominski, W.] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Behnke, O.; Behrens, U.; Blohm, C.; Bonato, A.; Borras, K.; Bot, D.; Ciesielski, R.; Coppola, N.; Fang, S.; Fourletova, J.; Geiser, A.; Goettlicher, P.; Grebenyuk, J.; Gregor, I.; Haas, T.; Hain, W.; Huettmann, A.; Januschek, F.; Kahle, B.; Katkov, I. I.; Klein, U.; Koetz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Loehr, B.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A.; Miglioranzi, S.; Montanari, A.; Namsoo, T.; Notz, D.; Parenti, A.; Rinaldi, L.; Roloff, P.; Rubinsky, I.; Schneekloth, U.; Spiridonov, A.; Szuba, D.; Szuba, J.; Theedt, T.; Ukleja, J.; Wolf, G.; Wrona, K.; Molina, A. G. Yagues; Youngman, C.; Zeuner, W.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. 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EM tobias.haas@desy.de RI Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936 FU Marie Curie Actions Transfer of Knowledge project COCOS [MTKD-CT-2004-517186]; Warsaw University, Poland; Moscow State University, Russia; DESY, Germany; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [05-02-39028-NSFC-a]; National Science Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Research Award; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [05 HZ6PDA, 05 HZ6GUA, 05 HZ6VFA, 05 HZ4KHA]; MINERVA Gesellschaft fur Forschung GmbH; Israel Science Foundation [293/02-11.2]; U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN); Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT); Korean Ministry of Education; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation; Netherlands Foundation for Research on Matter (FOM); Polish State Committee for Scientific Research [DESY/256/2006-154/DES/2006/03]; German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF); RF Presidential grant [1456.2008.2]; Russian Ministry of Education and Science; Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through CICYT; Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; FNRS; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Malaysian government.; [1 P03B 04529] FX Supported by the research grant No. 1 P03B 04529 (2005-2008).; This work was supported in part by the Marie Curie Actions Transfer of Knowledge project COCOS (contract MTKD-CT-2004-517186).; Partially supported by Warsaw University, Poland.; Partially supported by Moscow State University, Russia.; Supported by DESY, Germany.; Partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant No. 05-02-39028-NSFC-a.; This material was based on work supported by the National Science Foundation, while working at the Foundation.; Also at Max Planck Institute, Munich, Germany, Alexander von Humboldt Research Award.; Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).; Supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), under contract numbers 05 HZ6PDA, 05 HZ6GUA, 05 HZ6VFA and 05 HZ4KHA.; Supported in part by the MINERVA Gesellschaft fur Forschung GmbH, the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 293/02-11.2) and the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation.; Supported by the Israel Science Foundation.; Supported by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN).; 6Supported by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and its grants for Scientific Research. Supported by the Korean Ministry of Education and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation.; Supported by the Netherlands Foundation for Research on Matter (FOM).; Supported by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research, project No. DESY/256/2006-154/DES/2006/03.; Partially supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF).; Supported by RF Presidential grant No. 1456.2008.2 for the leading scientific schools and by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science through its grant for Scientific Research on High Energy Physics.; Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through funds provided by CICYT.; Supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK.; Supported by the US Department of Energy.; Supported by the US National Science Foundation. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.; Supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education as a scientific project (2006-2008).; Supported by FNRS and its associated funds (IISN and FRIA) and by an Inter-University Attraction Poles Programme subsidised by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office.; Supported by an FRGS grant from the Malaysian government. NR 54 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD AUG PY 2009 VL 62 IS 4 BP 625 EP 658 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1055-6 PG 34 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 482JJ UT WOS:000268881800001 ER PT J AU Airapetian, A Akopov, N Akopov, Z Andrus, A Aschenauer, EC Augustyniak, W Avakian, R Avetissian, A Avetissian, E Belostotski, S Bianchi, N Blok, HP Bottcher, H Bonomo, C Borissov, A Brull, A Bryzgalov, V Capiluppi, M Capitani, GP Cisbani, E Ciullo, G Contalbrigo, M Dalpiaz, PF Deconinck, W De Leo, R Demey, M De Nardo, L De Sanctis, E Diefenthaler, M Di Nezza, P Dreschler, J Duren, M Ehrenfried, M Elalaoui-Moulay, A Elbakian, G Ellinghaus, F Elschenbroich, U Fabbri, R Fantoni, A Felawka, L Frullani, S Funel, A Gabbert, D Gapienko, G Gapienko, V Garibaldi, F Gavrilov, G Gharibyan, V Giordano, F Gliske, S Grebeniouk, O Gregor, IM Guler, H Hadjidakis, C Hartig, M Hasch, D Hasegawa, T Hesselink, WHA Hill, G Hillenbrand, A Hoek, M Holler, Y Hommez, B Hristova, I Iarygin, G Imazu, Y Ivanilov, A Izotov, A Jackson, HE Jgoun, A Kaiser, R Keri, T Kinney, E Kisselev, A Kobayashi, T Kopytin, M Korotkov, V Kozlov, V Kravchenko, P Krivokhijine, VG Lagamba, L Lamb, R Lapikas, L Lehmann, I Lenisa, P Liebing, P Linden-Levy, LA Lorenzon, W Lu, S Lu, XR Ma, BQ Maiheu, B Makins, NCR Manaenkov, SI Mao, Y Marianski, B Marukyan, H Mexner, V Miller, CA Miyachi, Y Muccifora, V Murray, M Mussgiller, A Nagaitsev, A Nappi, E Naryshkin, Y Nass, A Negodaev, M Nowak, WD Osborne, A Pappalardo, LL Perez-Benito, R Pickert, N Raithel, M Reggiani, D Reimer, PE Reischl, A Reolon, AR Riedl, C Rith, K Rock, SE Rosner, G Rostomyan, A Rubacek, L Rubin, J Ryckbosch, D Salomatin, Y Sanjiev, I Schafer, A Schnell, G Schuler, KP Seitz, B Shearer, C Shibata, TA Shutov, V Stancari, M Statera, M Steffens, JE Steijger, JJM Stenzel, H Stewart, J Stinzing, F Streit, J Tait, P Taroian, S Tchuiko, B Terkulov, A Trzcinski, A Tytgat, M Vandenbroucke, A van der Nat, PB van der Steenhoven, G Van Haarlem, Y Van Hulse, C Varanda, M Veretennikov, D Vikhrov, V Vilardi, I Vogel, C Wang, S Yaschenko, S Ye, H Ye, Y Ye, Z Yen, S Yu, W Zeiler, D Zihlmann, B Zupranski, P AF Airapetian, A. Akopov, N. Akopov, Z. Andrus, A. Aschenauer, E. C. Augustyniak, W. Avakian, R. Avetissian, A. Avetissian, E. Belostotski, S. Bianchi, N. Blok, H. P. Boettcher, H. Bonomo, C. Borissov, A. Bruell, A. Bryzgalov, V. Capiluppi, M. Capitani, G. P. Cisbani, E. Ciullo, G. Contalbrigo, M. Dalpiaz, P. F. Deconinck, W. De Leo, R. Demey, M. De Nardo, L. De Sanctis, E. Diefenthaler, M. Di Nezza, P. Dreschler, J. Dueren, M. Ehrenfried, M. Elalaoui-Moulay, A. Elbakian, G. Ellinghaus, F. Elschenbroich, U. Fabbri, R. Fantoni, A. Felawka, L. Frullani, S. Funel, A. Gabbert, D. Gapienko, G. Gapienko, V. Garibaldi, F. Gavrilov, G. Gharibyan, V. Giordano, F. Gliske, S. Grebeniouk, O. Gregor, I. M. Guler, H. Hadjidakis, C. Hartig, M. Hasch, D. Hasegawa, T. Hesselink, W. H. A. Hill, G. Hillenbrand, A. Hoek, M. Holler, Y. Hommez, B. Hristova, I. Iarygin, G. Imazu, Y. Ivanilov, A. Izotov, A. Jackson, H. E. Jgoun, A. Kaiser, R. Keri, T. Kinney, E. Kisselev, A. Kobayashi, T. Kopytin, M. Korotkov, V. Kozlov, V. Kravchenko, P. Krivokhijine, V. G. Lagamba, L. Lamb, R. Lapikas, L. Lehmann, I. Lenisa, P. Liebing, P. Linden-Levy, L. A. Lorenzon, W. Lu, S. Lu, X. -R. Ma, B. -Q. Maiheu, B. Makins, N. C. R. Manaenkov, S. I. Mao, Y. Marianski, B. Marukyan, H. Mexner, V. Miller, C. A. Miyachi, Y. Muccifora, V. Murray, M. Mussgiller, A. Nagaitsev, A. Nappi, E. Naryshkin, Y. Nass, A. Negodaev, M. Nowak, W. -D. Osborne, A. Pappalardo, L. L. Perez-Benito, R. Pickert, N. Raithel, M. Reggiani, D. Reimer, P. E. Reischl, A. Reolon, A. R. Riedl, C. Rith, K. Rock, S. E. Rosner, G. Rostomyan, A. Rubacek, L. Rubin, J. Ryckbosch, D. Salomatin, Y. Sanjiev, I. Schaefer, A. Schnell, G. Schuler, K. P. Seitz, B. Shearer, C. Shibata, T. -A. Shutov, V. Stancari, M. Statera, M. Steffens, J. E. Steijger, J. J. M. Stenzel, H. Stewart, J. Stinzing, F. Streit, J. Tait, P. Taroian, S. Tchuiko, B. Terkulov, A. Trzcinski, A. Tytgat, M. Vandenbroucke, A. van der Nat, P. B. van der Steenhoven, G. Van Haarlem, Y. Van Hulse, C. Varanda, M. Veretennikov, D. Vikhrov, V. Vilardi, I. Vogel, C. Wang, S. Yaschenko, S. Ye, H. Ye, Y. Ye, Z. Yen, S. Yu, W. Zeiler, D. Zihlmann, B. Zupranski, P. TI Spin density matrix elements in exclusive rho (0) electroproduction on H-1 and H-2 targets at 27.5 GeV beam energy SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID VECTOR-MESON PRODUCTION; INELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTION; P(0) MESONS; HERA; QCD; LEPTOPRODUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; POLARIMETER; HYDROGEN AB Spin Density Matrix Elements (SDMEs) describing the angular distribution of exclusive rho (0) electroproduction and decay are determined in the HERMES experiment with 27.6 GeV beam energy and unpolarized hydrogen and deuterium targets. Eight (fifteen) SDMEs that are related (unrelated) to the longitudinal polarization of the beam are extracted in the kinematic region 1 < Q (2)< 7 GeV2, 3.0 < W < 6.3 GeV, and -t < 0.4 GeV2. Within the given experimental uncertainties, a hierarchy of relative sizes of helicity amplitudes is observed. Kinematic dependences of all SDMEs on Q (2) and t are presented, as well as the longitudinal-to-transverse rho (0) electroproduction cross-section ratio as a function of Q (2). A small but statistically significant deviation from the hypothesis of s-channel helicity conservation is observed. An indication is seen of a contribution of unnatural-parity-exchange amplitudes; these amplitudes are naturally generated with a quark-exchange mechanism. C1 [Elalaoui-Moulay, A.; Jackson, H. E.; Reimer, P. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bruell, A.; De Leo, R.; Lagamba, L.; Nappi, E.; Vilardi, I.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70124 Bari, Italy. [Ma, B. -Q.; Mao, Y.; Wang, S.; Ye, H.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Ye, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Modern Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Ellinghaus, F.; Kinney, E.] Univ Colorado, Nucl Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hartig, M.; Holler, Y.; Rock, S. E.; Rostomyan, A.; Schuler, K. P.; Varanda, M.; Ye, Z.] DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. [Aschenauer, E. C.; Boettcher, H.; Fabbri, R.; Gabbert, D.; Gregor, I. M.; Guler, H.; Hristova, I.; Kopytin, M.; Liebing, P.; Negodaev, M.; Nowak, W. -D.; Stewart, J.] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. [Iarygin, G.; Krivokhijine, V. G.; Nagaitsev, A.; Shutov, V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Diefenthaler, M.; Ehrenfried, M.; Hillenbrand, A.; Mussgiller, A.; Nass, A.; Pickert, N.; Raithel, M.; Reggiani, D.; Rith, K.; Steffens, J. E.; Stinzing, F.; Tait, P.; Vogel, C.; Yaschenko, S.; Zeiler, D.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Bonomo, C.; Capiluppi, M.; Ciullo, G.; Contalbrigo, M.; Dalpiaz, P. F.; Giordano, F.; Grebeniouk, O.; Lenisa, P.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Stancari, M.; Statera, M.] Univ Ferrara, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Avetissian, E.; Bianchi, N.; Capitani, G. P.; De Sanctis, E.; Di Nezza, P.; Fantoni, A.; Funel, A.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hasch, D.; Muccifora, V.; Reolon, A. R.; Riedl, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Elschenbroich, U.; Hommez, B.; Maiheu, B.; Ryckbosch, D.; Tytgat, M.; Vandenbroucke, A.; Van Haarlem, Y.; Van Hulse, C.; Zihlmann, B.] Univ Ghent, Dept Subat & Radiat Phys, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Dueren, M.; Hoek, M.; Keri, T.; Lu, S.; Perez-Benito, R.; Rubacek, L.; Seitz, B.; Stenzel, H.; Streit, J.; Yu, W.] Univ Giessen, Inst Phys, D-35390 Giessen, Germany. [Borissov, A.; Hill, G.; Kaiser, R.; Lehmann, I.; Murray, M.; Osborne, A.; Rosner, G.; Shearer, C.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Andrus, A.; Lamb, R.; Linden-Levy, L. A.; Makins, N. C. R.; Rubin, J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Airapetian, A.; Deconinck, W.; Gliske, S.; Lorenzon, W.] Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Kozlov, V.; Terkulov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Demey, M.; Dreschler, J.; Lapikas, L.; Mexner, V.; Reischl, A.; Steijger, J. J. M.; van der Nat, P. B.; van der Steenhoven, G.] Natl Inst Subat Phys Nikhef, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Belostotski, S.; Izotov, A.; Jgoun, A.; Kisselev, A.; Kravchenko, P.; Manaenkov, S. I.; Naryshkin, Y.; Sanjiev, I.; Veretennikov, D.; Vikhrov, V.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Bryzgalov, V.; Gapienko, G.; Gapienko, V.; Ivanilov, A.; Korotkov, V.; Salomatin, Y.; Tchuiko, B.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Moscow Region, Russia. [Schaefer, A.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. [Cisbani, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, Grp Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [De Nardo, L.; Felawka, L.; Gavrilov, G.; Miller, C. A.; Yen, S.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. [Hasegawa, T.; Imazu, Y.; Kobayashi, T.; Lu, X. -R.; Miyachi, Y.; Schnell, G.; Shibata, T. -A.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Blok, H. P.; Hesselink, W. H. A.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Phys, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Augustyniak, W.; Marianski, B.; Trzcinski, A.; Zupranski, P.] Andrzej Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00689 Warsaw, Poland. [Akopov, N.; Akopov, Z.; Avakian, R.; Avetissian, A.; Elbakian, G.; Gharibyan, V.; Marukyan, H.; Taroian, S.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Bonomo, C.; Capiluppi, M.; Ciullo, G.; Contalbrigo, M.; Dalpiaz, P. F.; Giordano, F.; Grebeniouk, O.; Lenisa, P.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Stancari, M.; Statera, M.] Univ Ferrara, Dipartimento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. [Cisbani, E.; Frullani, S.; Garibaldi, F.] Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Airapetian, A (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM klaus.rith@desy.de RI Taroian, Sarkis/E-1668-2014; El Alaoui, Ahmed/B-4638-2015; Kozlov, Valentin/M-8000-2015; Terkulov, Adel/M-8581-2015; Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; Deconinck, Wouter/F-4054-2012; Gavrilov, Gennady/C-6260-2013; Reimer, Paul/E-2223-2013; Negodaev, Mikhail/A-7026-2014 OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; NR 65 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD AUG PY 2009 VL 62 IS 4 BP 659 EP 695 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1082-3 PG 37 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 482JJ UT WOS:000268881800002 ER PT J AU le Pape, S Patel, P Chen, S Town, R Mackinnon, A AF le Pape, S. Patel, P. Chen, S. Town, R. Mackinnon, A. TI Proton radiography of magnetic field in laser produced plasma SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS LA English DT Article ID FUSION AB Electromagnetic fields generated by the interaction with plasmas of long-pulse laser beams relevant to inertial confinement fusion have been measure. A proton beam generated by the interaction of an ultraintense laser with a thin metallic foil is used to probe the B-fields. The proton beam then generated is temporally short ( of the order of a ps), highly laminar and hence equivalent to a virtual point which makes it an ideal source for radiography. We have investigated, using face-on radiography, B fields at intensity around 10(14) W/cm(2) due to the non colinearity of temperature and density gradients. C1 [le Pape, S.; Patel, P.; Chen, S.; Town, R.; Mackinnon, A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP le Pape, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA USA. RI Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; MacKinnon, Andrew/P-7239-2014; OI MacKinnon, Andrew/0000-0002-4380-2906; chen, sophia n./0000-0002-3372-7666 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1951-6355 J9 EUR PHYS J-SPEC TOP JI Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 175 BP 61 EP 64 DI 10.1140/epjst/e2009-01118-3 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 485SI UT WOS:000269143800011 ER PT J AU Peretz, JH Das, S Tonn, BE AF Peretz, Jean H. Das, Sujit Tonn, Bruce E. TI Evaluating knowledge benefits of automotive lightweighting materials R&D projects SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE Research and development evaluation; Knowledge benefits; Department of Energy; Automotive lightweighting materials ID PERFORMANCE; INVESTMENTS; MODEL AB This paper presents a set of metrics used to evaluate short-run knowledge benefits that accrued from research and development (R&D) projects funded in fiscal years 2000-2004 by automotive lightweighting materials (ALM) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Although DOE presents to Congress energy, environmental, and security benefits and costs of its R&D efforts under the Government Performance and Results Act, DOE has yet to include knowledge benefits in that report [U.S. Department of Energy. (2007). Projected benefits of federal energy efficiency and renewable energy programs: FY2008 budget request. NREL/TP-640-41347 (March). Washington, DC: National Renewable Energy Laboratory for DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Retrieved February 12, 2007 from http:// wwwl.eere.energy.gov/ba/pba/2008-benefits.html]. ALM focuses on development and validation of advanced technologies that significantly reduce automotive vehicle body and chassis weight without compromising other attributes such as safety, performance, recyclability, and cost [U.S. Department of Energy. (2005a). Automotive lightweighting materials 2004 annual progress report. Washington, DC: DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Retrieved March 30, 2005 from http://www.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/resources/fcvt-alm-fy04.shtmlj. The ultimate goal of ALM to have lightweighter materials in vehicles hinges on many issues, including the (1) collaborative nature of ALMS R&D with the automobile industry and (2) manufacturing knowledge gained through the R&D effort. The ALM projects evaluated in this paper yielded numerous knowledge benefits in the short run. While these knowledge benefits are impressive, there remains uncertainty about whether the research will lead to incorporation of lightweight materials by the Big Three automakers into their manufacturing process and introduction of lightweight vehicles into the marketplace. The uncertainty illustrates a difference between (1) knowledge benefits and (2) energy, environmental, and security benefits emanating from R&D. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Peretz, Jean H.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Das, Sujit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Tonn, Bruce E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peretz, JH (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, 311 Conf Ctr Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM peretz@utk.edu NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 32 IS 3 BP 300 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.03.002 PG 10 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 476KU UT WOS:000268440100012 PM 19414194 ER PT J AU Tan, KM Duquette, M Joachimiak, A Lawler, J AF Tan, Kemin Duquette, Mark Joachimiak, Andrzej Lawler, Jack TI The crystal structure of the signature domain of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein: implications for collagen, glycosaminoglycan and integrin binding SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE thrombospondins; pseudoachondroplasia; multiple epiphyseal dysplasia ID MULTIPLE EPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; IX COLLAGEN; CELL-DEATH; LIGAND RECOGNITION; TERMINAL DOMAIN; COMP MUTATIONS; A-DOMAIN; PSEUDOACHONDROPLASIA; THROMBOSPONDIN AB Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), or thrombospondin-5 (TSP-5), is a secreted glycoprotein that is important for growth plate organization and function. Mutations in COMP cause two skeletal dysplasias, pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (EDM1). In this study, we determined the structure of a recombinant protein that contains the last epidermal growth factor repeat, the type 3 repeats and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of COMP to 3.15-angstrom resolution limit by X-ray crystallography. The CTD is a beta-sandwich that is composed of 15 antiparallel beta-strands, and the type 3 repeats are a contiguous series of calcium binding sites that associate with the CTD at multiple points. The crystal packing reveals an exposed potential metal-ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) on one edge of the beta-sandwich that is common to all TSPs and may serve as a binding site for collagens and other ligands. Disease-causing mutations in COMP disrupt calcium binding, disulfide bond formation, intramolecular interactions, or sites for potential ligand binding. The structure presented here and its unique molecular packing in the crystal identify potential interactive sites for glycosaminoglycans, integrins, and collagens, which are key to cartilage structure and function.-Tan, K., Duquette, M., Joachimiak, A., Lawler, J. The crystal structure of the signature domain of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein: implications for collagen, glycosaminoglycan and integrin binding. FASEB J. 23, 2490-2501 (2009) C1 [Duquette, Mark; Lawler, Jack] Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Canc Biol & Angiogenesis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Tan, Kemin; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom & Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lawler, J (reprint author), Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Canc Biol & Angiogenesis, 330 Brookline Ave,EC CLS 503, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jlawler@bidmc.harvard.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HL49081] FX The authors thank Dr. Jacqui Hecht and Dr. Karen Posey for insightful comments and suggestions, and Sami Lawler and Raji Bhat for expert assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. This work was funded by grant HL49081 from the National Institutes of Health. The coordinates and structural factors of E4T3C5 structure have been deposited in the PDB databank under the access code of 3FBY. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2490 EP 2501 DI 10.1096/fj.08-128090 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 481UE UT WOS:000268836700017 PM 19276170 ER PT J AU Porat, I Whitman, WB AF Porat, Iris Whitman, William B. TI Tryptophan auxotrophs were obtained by random transposon insertions in the Methanococcus maripaludis tryptophan operon SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE transposon; tryptophan auxotrophs; archaea; methanogens ID AROMATIC-AMINO-ACIDS; COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; METHANOGENIC ARCHAEON; BIOSYNTHESIS; MUTAGENESIS; PATHWAY; TRANSFORMATION; JANNASCHII AB Methanococcus maripaludis is an anaerobic, methane-producing archaeon that utilizes H(2) or formate for the reduction of CO(2) to methane. Tryptophan auxotrophs were constructed by in vitro insertions of the Tn5 transposon into the tryptophan operon, followed by transformation into M. maripaludis. This method could serve for rapid insertions into large cloned DNA regions. C1 [Porat, Iris; Whitman, William B.] Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Porat, I (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Biol & Environm Sci Directorate, POB 2008,Bldg 1505,MS-6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM porati@ornl.gov FU NIH FX This work was supported by a grant from NIH to W.B.W. The authors would like to thank Sonia Bardy and Ken F. Jarrell, Queen's University, Canada, for constructing and providing the plasmid pKJ331, Erinn C. Howard, Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, for providing genomic DNA of S. pomeroyi DSS-3 mutant 41-H6 and Meghan M. Drake, Biological and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for English corrections of this manuscript. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 297 IS 2 BP 250 EP 254 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01689.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 469FT UT WOS:000267882000015 PM 19566682 ER PT J AU Henebry, GM Richardson, AD Breshears, DD Abatzoglou, J Fisher, JI Graham, EA Hanes, JM Knapp, A Liang, L Wilson, BE Morisette, JT AF Henebry, G. M. Richardson, A. D. Breshears, D. D. Abatzoglou, J. Fisher, J. I. Graham, E. A. Hanes, J. M. Knapp, A. Liang, L. Wilson, B. E. Morisette, J. T. TI Phenological trend estimation: a reply to Sagarin SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Letter C1 [Henebry, G. M.] S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Richardson, A. D.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Breshears, D. D.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. [Abatzoglou, J.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Fisher, J. I.] Synapse Energy Econ Inc, Cambridge, MA USA. [Graham, E. A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hanes, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Knapp, A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Liang, L.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Wilson, B. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Morisette, J. T.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Henebry, GM (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM Geoffrey.Henebry@sdstate.edu RI Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Abatzoglou, John/C-7635-2012; Breshears, David/B-9318-2009; OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Abatzoglou, John/0000-0001-7599-9750; Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058; Graham, Eric/0000-0002-7495-4056; Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 7 IS 6 BP 296 EP 296 DI 10.1890/09.WB.021 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 480WF UT WOS:000268767000016 ER PT J AU Kim, AG AF Kim, Ann G. TI Soluble metals in coal gasification residues SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Integrated gasification combined cycle; Column leaching; Heavy metals ID FLY-ASH; TRACE-ELEMENTS AB The By-Product Utilization Team at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) of the US Department of Energy has conducted column leaching tests to characterize the release of various cations from coal utilization by-products (CUB). The release of metals from the nine samples of residues generated in three coal integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) installations was determined. Cations tended to be more soluble than from PC fly ash samples. Except for Hg, total cation solubility was due to the relatively high concentration in a few leachate samples. For several IGCC by-product samples generated from a mixture of coal and pet coke, the amount of As, Ni. and Zn extracted from the IGCC residues exceeded primary or secondary drinking water standards in the early leachate samples. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kim, AG (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM anngkim@pitt.edu FU Gasification Technology Manager, NETL FX The author appreciates the support of Gary Stiegel, Gasification Technology Manager, NETL, and the assistance of George Kazonich (Retired) and Michael Dahlberg (Retired) of the By-Product Utilization Team who were responsible for the operation of the Column Leaching Laboratory. Robert Thompson of National Energy Technology Laboratory, Parsons analyzed the solid and leachate samples. The samples used in this test were obtained through the cooperation of Frank Morton of the PSDF and Elaine Farrington of Tampa Electric Power. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD AUG PY 2009 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1444 EP 1452 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.018 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 454CY UT WOS:000266660500013 ER PT J AU Martin, KE Kopasz, JP AF Martin, K. Epping Kopasz, J. P. TI The US DOEs High Temperature Membrane Effort SO FUEL CELLS LA English DT Article CT 1st International Conference on Progress in MEA Components for Medium and High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL La Grande Motte, FRANCE DE Conductivity; Durability; Fuel Cell; Hydrogen; Membrane AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is sponsoring research and development (R&D) efforts emphasising fuel cell membrane materials that can operate at temperatures up to 120 degrees C with no inlet humidification and at total pressures of <2.5 atm. Several different strategies are being investigated and will be discussed. Recent results have demonstrated improved conductivity at lower relative humidity (RH) compared to standard perfluorosulphonic acid membranes. At 120 degrees C, conductivity approaching 0.1 S cm(-1) has been achieved at 50% RH, an improvement over Nafion 112 by more than a factor of three. Detailed results of DOE sponsored research will be discussed, as well as incorporation of membranes into membrane electrode assemblies. Finally, the impact of the different strategies on durability will be discussed. C1 [Martin, K. Epping] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Kopasz, J. P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Martin, KE (reprint author), US DOE, EE 2H,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM Kathi.Epping@ee.doe.gov; kopasz@anl.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-6846 J9 FUEL CELLS JI Fuel Cells PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 4 BP 356 EP 362 DI 10.1002/fuce.200800165 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 487MU UT WOS:000269279500006 ER PT J AU Meier, W Latkowski, J AF Meier, Wayne Latkowski, Jeff TI EIGHTEENTH TOPICAL MEETING ON THE TECHNOLOGY OF FUSION ENERGY PREFACE SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Meier, Wayne; Latkowski, Jeff] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, W (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP VII EP VII PG 1 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200001 ER PT J AU Moses, EI de la Rubia, TD Storm, E Latkowski, JF Farmer, JC Abbott, RP Kramer, KJ Peterson, PF Shaw, HF Lehman, RF AF Moses, Edward I. de la Rubia, Tomas Diaz Storm, Erik Latkowski, Jeffery F. Farmer, Joseph C. Abbott, Ryan P. Kramer, Kevin J. Peterson, Per F. Shaw, Henry F. Lehman, Ronald F., II TI A SUSTAINABLE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE BASED ON LASER INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; IGNITION; TARGETS AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), a laser-based Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiment designed to achieve thermonuclear fusion ignition and burn in the laboratory, will soon be completed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Experiments designed to accomplish the NIF's goal will commence in 2010, using laser energies of I to 1.3 MY Fusion yields of the order of 10 to 35 MJ are expected soon thereafter. We propose that a laser system capable of generating fusion yields of 35 to 75 MJ at 10 to 15 Hz (i.e., approximate to 350- to 1000-MW fusion and approximate to 1.3 to 3.6 x 10(20) n/s), coupled to a compact subcritical fission blanket, could be used to generate several GW of thermal power (GWth) while avoiding carbon dioxide emissions, mitigating nuclear proliferation concerns and minimizing the concerns associated with nuclear safety and long-term nuclear waste disposition. This Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) based system is a logical extension of the NIF laser and the yields expected from the early ignition experiments on NIF. The LIFE concept is a once-through, self-contained closed fuel cycle and would have the following characteristics: (1) eliminate the need for uranium enrichment; (2) utilize over 90% of the energy content of the nuclear fuel; (3) eliminate the need for spent fuel chemical separation facilities; (4) maintain the fission blanket subcritical at all times (k(eff) <0.90); and (5) minimize future requirements for deep underground geological waste repositories and minimize actinide content in the end-of-life nuclear waste below the Department of Energy's (DOE's) attractiveness Level E (the lowest). Options to burn natural or depleted U, Th, U/Th mixtures, Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) without chemical separations of weapons-attractive actinide streams, and excess weapons Pu or highly enriched U (HEU) are possible and under consideration. Because the fission blanket is always subcritical and decay heat removal is possible via passive mechanisms, the technology is inherently safe. Many technical challenges must be met, but a LIFE solution could provide a sustainable path for worldwide growth of nuclear power for electricity production and hydrogen generation. C1 [Moses, Edward I.; de la Rubia, Tomas Diaz; Storm, Erik; Latkowski, Jeffery F.; Farmer, Joseph C.; Abbott, Ryan P.; Kramer, Kevin J.; Shaw, Henry F.; Lehman, Ronald F., II] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Peterson, Per F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moses, EI (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM moses1@llnl.gov RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012; Johnson, Marilyn/E-7209-2011 OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430; NR 46 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 547 EP 565 PG 19 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200002 ER PT J AU Caird, J Agrawal, V Bayramian, A Beach, R Britten, J Chen, D Cross, R Ebbers, C Erlandson, A Feit, M Freitas, B Ghosh, C Haefner, C Homoelle, D Ladran, T Latkowski, J Molander, W Murray, J Rubenchik, S Schaffers, K Siders, C Stappaerts, E Sutton, S Telford, S Trenholme, J Barty, C AF Caird, John Agrawal, Vivek Bayramian, Andy Beach, Ray Britten, Jerry Chen, Diana Cross, Robert Ebbers, Christopher Erlandson, Alvin Feit, Michael Freitas, Barry Ghosh, Chuni Haefner, Constantin Homoelle, Doug Ladran, Tony Latkowski, Jeff Molander, William Murray, John Rubenchik, Sasha Schaffers, Kathleen Siders, Craig Stappaerts, Eddy Sutton, Steve Telford, Steve Trenholme, John Barty, Christopher TI Nd:GLASS LASER DESIGN FOR LASER ICF FISSION ENERGY (LIFE) SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; HIGH-AVERAGE-POWER; INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY; PERFORMANCE; PHOSPHATE; DAMAGE AB We have developed preliminary conceptual laser system designs for the Laser ICF (Inertial Confinement Fusion) Fission Energy (LIFE) application. Our approach leverages experience in high-energy Nd:glass laser technology developed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF),(1) along with high-energy-class diode-pumped solid-state laser (HEC-DPSSL) technology developed,for the DOE's High Average Power Laser (HAPL) Program and embodied in LLNL's Mercury laser system.(2) We present laser system designs suitable for both indirect-drive, hot spot ignition and indirect-drive, fast ignition targets. Main amplifiers for both systems use laser-diode-pumped Nd:glass slabs oriented at Brewster's angle, as in NIF but the slabs are much thinner to allow for cooling by high-velocity helium gas as in the Mercury laser system. We also describe a plan to mass-produce pump-diode lasers to bring diode costs down to the order of $0.01 per Watt of peak output power, as needed to make the LIFE application economically attractive. C1 [Caird, John; Bayramian, Andy; Beach, Ray; Britten, Jerry; Chen, Diana; Cross, Robert; Ebbers, Christopher; Erlandson, Alvin; Feit, Michael; Freitas, Barry; Haefner, Constantin; Homoelle, Doug; Ladran, Tony; Latkowski, Jeff; Molander, William; Murray, John; Rubenchik, Sasha; Schaffers, Kathleen; Siders, Craig; Stappaerts, Eddy; Sutton, Steve; Telford, Steve; Trenholme, John; Barty, Christopher] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Agrawal, Vivek] Coherent Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Ghosh, Chuni] Princeton Optron, Mercerville, NJ 08619 USA. RP Caird, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-470, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM caird@llnl.gov RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009; Trenholme, John/M-4805-2016 OI Trenholme, John/0000-0003-3673-6653 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 607 EP 617 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200008 ER PT J AU Abbott, RP Gerhard, MA Kramer, KJ Latkowski, JF Morris, KL Peterson, PF Seifried, JE AF Abbott, Ryan P. Gerhard, Michael A. Kramer, Kevin J. Latkowski, Jeffery F. Morris, Kevin L. Peterson, Per F. Seifried, Jeffrey E. TI THERMAL AND MECHANICAL DESIGN ASPECTS OF THE LIFE ENGINE SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CYCLES AB The Laser Inertial confinement fusion - Fission Energy (LIFE) engine encompasses the components of a LIFE power plant responsible for converting the thermal energy of fusion and fission reactions into electricity. The design and integration of these components must satisfy a challenging set of requirements driven by nuclear, thermal, geometric, structural, and materials considerations. This paper details a self-consistent configuration for the LIFE engine along with the methods and technologies selected to meet these stringent requirements. Included is discussion of plant layout, coolant flow dynamics, fuel temperatures, expected structural stresses, power cycle efficiencies, and first wall survival threats. Further research to understand and resolve outstanding issues is also outlined. C1 [Abbott, Ryan P.; Gerhard, Michael A.; Kramer, Kevin J.; Latkowski, Jeffery F.; Morris, Kevin L.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kramer, Kevin J.; Peterson, Per F.; Seifried, Jeffrey E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Abbott, RP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM abbott13@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 618 EP 624 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200009 ER PT J AU Kramer, KJ Latkowski, JF Abbott, RP Boyd, JK Powers, JJ Seifried, JE AF Kramer, Kevin J. Latkowski, Jeffery F. Abbott, Ryan P. Boyd, John K. Powers, Jeffrey J. Seifried, Jeffrey E. TI NEUTRON TRANSPORT AND NUCLEAR BURNUP ANALYSIS FOR THE LASER INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION-FISSION ENERGY (LIFE) ENGINE SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is currently developing a hybrid fission nuclear fusion-energy system, called LIFE, to generate power and burn nuclear waste. We utilize inertial confinement fusion to drive a subcritical fission blanket surrounding the fusion chamber. It is composed of TRISO-based fuel cooled by the molten salt flibe. Low-yield (37.5 MJ) targets and a repetition rate of 13.3 Hz produce a 500 MW fusion source that is coupled to the subcritical blanket, which provides an additional gain of 4-8, depending on the fuel. In the present work, we describe the neutron transport and nuclear burnup analysis. We utilize standard analysis tools including, the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code, ORIGEN2 and Monteburns to perform the nuclear design. These analyses focus primarily on a fuel composed of depleted uranium not requiring chemical reprocessing or enrichment. However, other fuels such as weapons grade plutonium and highly-enriched uranium are also under consideration. In addition, we have developed a methodology using (6)Li as a burnable poison to replace the tritium burned in the fusion targets and to maintain constant power over the lifetime of the engine. The results from depleted uranium analyses suggest up to 99% burnup of actinides is attainable while maintaining full power at 2GW for more than five decades. C1 [Kramer, Kevin J.; Latkowski, Jeffery F.; Abbott, Ryan P.; Boyd, John K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kramer, Kevin J.; Powers, Jeffrey J.; Seifried, Jeffrey E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kramer, KJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kramer12@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 625 EP 631 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200010 ER PT J AU Moir, RW Shaw, HF Caro, A Kaufman, L Latkowski, JF Powers, J Turchi, PEA AF Moir, R. W. Shaw, H. F. Caro, A. Kaufman, Larry Latkowski, J. F. Powers, J. Turchi, P. E. A. TI MOLTEN SALT FUEL VERSION OF LASER INERTIAL FUSION FISSION ENERGY (LIFE) SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Molten salt with dissolved uranium is being considered for the Laser Inertial Confinement Fusion Fission Energy (LIFE) fission blanket as a backup in case a solid-fuel version cannot meet the performance objectives, for example because of radiation damage of the solid materials. Molten salt is not damaged by radiation and therefore could likely achieve the desired high burnup, (>99%) of heavy atoms of (238)U. A perceived disadvantage is the possibility that the circulating molten salt could lend itself to misuse (proliferation) by making separation of fissile material easier than for the solid-fuel case. The molten salt composition being considered is the eutectic mixture of 73 mol% LiF and 27 mol% UF(4), whose melting point is 490 degrees C. The use of (232)Th as a fuel is also being studied. ((232)Th does not produce Pu under neutron irradiation.) The temperature of the molten salt would be similar to 550 degrees C at the inlet (60 degrees C above the solidus temperature) and similar to 650 degrees C at the outlet. Mixtures of U and Th are being considered. To minimize corrosion of structural materials, the molten salt would also contain a small amount (similar to 1 mol%) of UF(3). The same beryllium neutron multiplier could be used as in the solid fuel case; alternatively, a liquid lithium or liquid lead multiplier could be used. Insuring that the solubility of Pu(3+) in the melt is not exceeded is a design criterion. To mitigate corrosion of the steel, a refractory coating such as tungsten similar to the first wall facing the fusion source is suggested in the high-neutron-flux regions, and in low-neutron-flux regions, including the piping and heat exchangers, a nickel alloy, Hastelloy, would be used. These material choices parallel those made for the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE) at ORNL. The nuclear performance is better than the solid fuel case. At the beginning of life, the tritium breeding ratio is unity and the plutonium plus (233)U production rate is similar to 0.6 atoms per 14.1 MeV neutron. C1 [Moir, R. W.; Shaw, H. F.; Caro, A.; Latkowski, J. F.; Turchi, P. E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kaufman, Larry] CALPHAD Inc, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. [Powers, J.] UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Moir, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Moir1@LLNL.gov; larrykaufman@rcn.com RI Shaw, Henry/B-6445-2012; OI Shaw, Henry/0000-0003-0681-5430; Powers, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3653-3880 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 632 EP 640 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200011 ER PT J AU Meier, WR Abbott, R Beach, R Blink, J Caird, J Erlandson, A Farmer, J Halsey, W Ladran, T Latkowski, J MacIntyre, A Miles, R Storm, E AF Meier, W. R. Abbott, R. Beach, R. Blink, J. Caird, J. Erlandson, A. Farmer, J. Halsey, W. Ladran, T. Latkowski, J. MacIntyre, A. Miles, R. Storm, E. TI SYSTEMS MODELING FOR THE LASER FUSION-FISSION ENERGY (LIFE) POWER PLANT SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID BREEDER; HYBRID AB A systems model has been developed for the Laser Inertial Fusion-Fission Energy (LIFE) power plant. It combines cost-performance scaling models for the major subsystems of the plant including the laser, inertial fusion target factory, engine (i.e., the chamber including the fission and tritium breeding blankets), energy conversion systems and balance of plant. The LIFE plant model is being used to evaluate design trade-offs and to identify high-leverage R&D. At this point, we are focused more on doing self consistent design trades and optimization as opposed to trying to predict a cost of electricity with a high degree of certainty. Key results show the advantage of large scale (>1000 MWe) plants and the importance Of minimizing the cost of diodes and balance of plant cost. C1 [Meier, W. R.; Abbott, R.; Beach, R.; Blink, J.; Caird, J.; Erlandson, A.; Farmer, J.; Halsey, W.; Ladran, T.; Latkowski, J.; MacIntyre, A.; Miles, R.; Storm, E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Meier, WR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM meier5@llnl.gov NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 647 EP 651 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200013 ER PT J AU Wilks, SC Cohen, BI Latkowski, JF Williams, EA AF Wilks, S. C. Cohen, B. I. Latkowski, J. F. Williams, E. A. TI EVALUATION OF SEVERAL ISSUES CONCERNING LASER BEAM PROPAGATION THROUGH THE LIFE TARGET CHAMBER SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Several potential issues concerning laser-beam propagation thorough the LIFE target chambers are addressed It is found that the absorption due to inverse Bremsstrahlung limits the gas density to approximately 2 mu g/cc of xenon gas. This value is within the gas, density estimated to be required to keep the first wall heating to an acceptable level. C1 [Wilks, S. C.; Cohen, B. I.; Latkowski, J. F.; Williams, E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilks, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-211, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wilks1@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 652 EP 657 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200014 ER PT J AU Khater, H Dauffy, L Sitaraman, S Brereton, S AF Khater, Hesham Dauffy, Lucile Sitaraman, Shiva Brereton, Sandra TI EVALUATION OF PROMPT DOSE ENVIRONMENT IN THE NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY DURING D-D AND THD SHOTS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Evaluation of the prompt dose environment expected in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) during Deuterium-Deuterium (D-D) and Tritium-Hydrogen-Deuterium (THD) shots have been completed. D-D shots resulting in the production of an annual fusion yield of up to 2.4 kJ (200 shots with 10(13) neutrons per shot) are considered During the THD shot campaign, shots generating a total of 2x10(14) neutrons per shot are also planned. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to estimate prompt dose values inside the facility as well as at different locations outside the facility shield walls. The Target Chamber shielding, along with Target Bay and Switchyard walls, roofs, and shield doors (when needed) will reduce dose levels in occupied areas to acceptable values during these shot campaigns. The calculated dose values inside occupied areas are small, estimated at 25 and 85 mu rem per shot during the D-D and THD shots, respectively. Dose values outside the facility are insignificant. The nearest building to the NIF facility where co-located workers may reside is at a distance of about 100 m from the Target Chamber Center (TCC). The dose in such a building is estimated at a fraction of a mu rem during a D-D or a THD shot. Dose at the nearest site boundary location (350 m from TCC), is caused by skyshine and to a lesser extent by direct radiation. The maximum off-site dose during any of the shots considered is less than 10 nano rem. C1 [Khater, Hesham; Dauffy, Lucile; Sitaraman, Shiva; Brereton, Sandra] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Khater, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM khater1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 697 EP 701 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200021 ER PT J AU Fischer, U Iida, H Li, Y Loughlin, M Sato, S Serikov, A Tsige-Tamirat, H Tautges, T Wilson, PP Wu, Y AF Fischer, U. Iida, H. Li, Y. Loughlin, M. Sato, S. Serikov, A. Tsige-Tamirat, H. Tautges, T. Wilson, P. P. Wu, Y. TI USE OF CAD GENERATED GEOMETRY DATA IN MONTE CARLO TRANSPORT CALCULATIONS FOR ITER SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB An extensive benchmark exercise has been conducted on ITER with the objective to test and validate different approaches for the use of CAD generated geometry data for Monte Carlo transport calculations with the MCNP code. The exercise encompassed the generation of a dedicated neutronics CATIA model based on available engineering CAD design data, the conversion into MCNP geometry, the verification of the converted models, and a number of calculations to compare the different approaches with regard to the performance and the validity of the results obtained. The paper briefly reviews the different approaches and provides a detailed description of the ITER benchmark effort, its results and conclusions showing that the approaches have reached the maturity level to allow their application to real ITER design analyses. This is considered an essential step forward for neutronics analysis tools to satisfy ITER quality assurance rules. C1 [Fischer, U.; Serikov, A.; Tsige-Tamirat, H.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Assoc FZK Euratom, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Iida, H.; Sato, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Li, Y.; Wu, Y.] Acad Sinica, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Loughlin, M.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Tautges, T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wilson, P. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fischer, U (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Assoc FZK Euratom, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM ulrich.fischer@irs.fzk.de OI Serikov, Arkady/0000-0003-2053-7879; Wilson, Paul/0000-0002-8555-4410 NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 702 EP 709 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200022 ER PT J AU Youssef, MZ Feder, R Thompson, K Davis, I Failla, G AF Youssef, Mahmoud Z. Feder, Russell Thompson, Kelly Davis, Ian Failla, Gregory TI BENCHMARKING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL CAD-BASED DISCRETE ORDINATES CODE "ATTILA" USING INTEGRAL DOSE-RATE EXPERIMENTS AND COMPARISON TO MCNP RESULTS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The new feature of the ATTILA 3-D code to calculate dose rates in a given geometty was benchmarked using the dose rate experiments performed at the FNG 14.1 Me V source facility located at ENEA, Frascati, Italy. Two experimental campaigns were performed. Post irradiation measurements were undertaken using Geiger-Muller, TLD, and tissue-equivalent scintillators. Other measurements were also performed during irradiation. ATTILA results were compared to the experimental data and to the results of the MCNP Monte Carlo code published earlier. The calculations were performed through three consecutive steps using the same ATTILA code along with its built-in activation library, FORNAX. The ANSI/ANS6.1.1-77 and ICRP74 Ka flux-to-dose conversion factors were used. Good agreement with the experimental data and the MCNP results was obtained for times >7 d after irradiation in the 1(st) campaign but large underestimation was found at shorter time steps. Both dose rates and integrated gamma fluxes are largely underestimated (similar to 20-40%) in the 2nd campaign. C1 [Youssef, Mahmoud Z.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. [Feder, Russell] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Thompson, Kelly; Davis, Ian; Failla, Gregory] Transpire Inc, Gig Harbor, WA USA. RP Youssef, MZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. EM youssef@fusion.ucla.edu NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 718 EP 725 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200024 ER PT J AU Dauffy, LS Khater, HY Sitaraman, S Brereton, SJ AF Dauffy, Lucile S. Khater, Hesham Y. Sitaraman, Shivakumar Brereton, Sandra J. TI ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF THE FINAL OPTICS ASSEMBLIES AT THE NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB Commissioning shots have commenced at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Within a year, the 192 laser beam facility will be operational and the experimental phase will begin. At each shot, the emitted neutrons will interact with the facility's surroundings, activating them, especially inside the target bay where the neutron flux is the highest. We are calculating the dose from those activated structures and objects in order to plan and minimize worker exposure during maintenance and normal NIF operation. This study presents the results of the activation analysis of the optics of the Final Optics Assemblies (FOA), which are a key contributor to worker exposure. There are 48 FOAs weighting three tons each, and routine change-out and maintenance of optics and optics modules is expected. We found that the effective dose from any optics is negligible 6 days after the last shot, and that the effective dose from frames is low but should be minimized not to reach the dose limit. C1 [Dauffy, Lucile S.; Khater, Hesham Y.; Sitaraman, Shivakumar; Brereton, Sandra J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dauffy, LS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dauffy1@llnl.gov; khater1@llnl.gov; sitaraman1@llnl.gov; brereton1@llnl.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 736 EP 740 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200027 ER PT J AU Reyes, S Topilski, L Taylor, N Merrill, BJ Sponton, LL AF Reyes, Susana Topilski, Leonid Taylor, Neill Merrill, Brad J. Sponton, Lise-Lotte TI UPDATED MODELING OF POSTULATED ACCIDENT SCENARIOS IN ITER SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID DESIGN AB This paper gives an overview of the latest work on ITER accident analysis, describing the methodology and presenting some updated results. There are currently 25 ITER Reference Events, divided into two categories: incidents and accidents. Starting from the 2001 list of events, several new scenarios have been added, including fire events. Other former Reference Events have been updated and in some cases fully re-analyzed due to design modifications, such as changes in the confinement arrangements. The results demonstrate that the ITER General Safety Objectives are met and that the safety features of the ITER design are successful in minimizing the potential public and environmental consequences of off-normal events. C1 [Reyes, Susana; Topilski, Leonid; Taylor, Neill] ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France. [Merrill, Brad J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Sponton, Lise-Lotte] Studsv Nucl AB, Nykoping, Sweden. RP Reyes, S (reprint author), ITER Org, St Paul Les Durance, France. EM susana.reyes@iter.org NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 789 EP 793 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200036 ER PT J AU Sharafat, S Aoyama, A Morley, N Smolentsev, S Katoh, Y Williams, B Ghoniem, N AF Sharafat, Shahram Aoyama, Aaron Morley, Neil Smolentsev, Sergey Katoh, Y. Williams, Brian Ghoniem, Nasr TI DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF A SiC-FOAM BASED FLOW CHANNEL INSERT FOR A US-ITER DCLL TBM SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID BLANKET CONCEPT AB The U.S.-ITER DCLL (Dual Coolant Liquid Lead) TBM (Test Blanket Module) uses a Flow Channel Insert (FCI), to test the feasibility of high temperature DCLL concepts for future power reactors. The FCI serves a dual function of electrical insulation, to mitigate MHD effects, and thermal insulation to keep steel-PbLi interface temperatures below allowable limits. As a nonstructural component, the key performance requirements of the FCI structure are compatibility with PbLi, long-term radiation damage resistance, maintaining insulating properties over the lifetime, adequate insulation even in case of localized failures, and manufacturability. The main loads on the FCI are thermally induced due to through the thickness temperature gradients and due to non-uniform PbLi temperatures along the flow channel (similar to 1.6 m). A number of SiC-based materials are being developed for FCI applications, including SiC/SiC composites and porous SiC bonded between CVD SiC face sheets. Here, we report on an FCI design based on open-cell SiC-foam material. Thermo-mechanical analysis of this FCI concept indicate that a SiC-foam FCI structure is capable of withstanding anticipated primary and secondary stresses during operation in an ITER TBM environment. A complete 30 cm long prototypical segment of the FCI structure was designed and is being fabricated, demonstrating the SiC-foam based FCI structure to be very low-cost and viability candidate for an ITER TBM FCI structure. C1 [Sharafat, Shahram; Aoyama, Aaron; Morley, Neil; Smolentsev, Sergey; Ghoniem, Nasr] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Katoh, Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Katoh, Y.] Ultramet Inc, Pacoima, CA 91331 USA. RP Sharafat, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM shahrams@ucla.edu OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 12 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 883 EP 891 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200053 ER PT J AU Dragojlovic, Z Kessel, C Raffray, R Najmabadi, F Waganer, L El-Guebaly, L Bromberg, L AF Dragojlovic, Zoran Kessel, Charles Raffray, Rene Najmabadi, Farrokh Waganer, Lester El-Guebaly, Laila Bromberg, Leslie TI AN ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO SYSTEM MODELING OF TOKAMAK POWER PLANTS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, No California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB A new computational model for fusion power plant system studies is being developed for the ARIES program. An operational design space has been created to explore the most influential parameters in the physical, technological and economic trade space related to the developmental transition from experimental facilities to viable commercial power plants. This allows examination of a multi-dimensional trade space as opposed to traditional sensitivity analyses about a baseline design point. The influence of multifunctional, highly dependent parameters can easily be visualized, which may highlight one or a few difficult-to-achieve parameters that would yield a highly acceptable design solution. The new ARIES systems code consists of adaptable physics, engineering and costing modules which capture the current tokamak knowledge database and reflect both near-term as well as advanced technology solutions that are higher risk but have higher performance potential. To fully assess the impact of the range of physics and engineering implementations, the plant cost accounts have been revised to reflect a more functional cost structure. All of these features have been validated against the highly respected ARIES-AT baseline. The present results demonstrate novel visualization techniques for trade space assessment of attractive tokamaks for commercial use. C1 [Dragojlovic, Zoran; Raffray, Rene; Najmabadi, Farrokh] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kessel, Charles] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [El-Guebaly, Laila] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI USA. [Bromberg, Leslie] MIT, Ctr Plasma Fus, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Dragojlovic, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM zoran@fusion.ucsd.edu; ckessel@pppl.gov; lesw@centurytel.net; elguebaly@engr.wisc.edu; brom@psfc.mit.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 913 EP 917 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200057 ER PT J AU Ying, A Narula, M Abdou, M Munipalli, R Ulrickson, M Wilson, P AF Ying, A. Narula, M. Abdou, M. Munipalli, R. Ulrickson, M. Wilson, P. TI TOWARD AN INTEGRATED SIMULATION PREDICTIVE CAPABILITY FOR FUSION PLASMA CHAMBER SYSTEMS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab AB The fusion environment is inherently complex, in which an adequate understanding of response from a plasma chamber system requires integrated (and in some areas coupled) analysis across multiple disciplines (neutronics, thermo-fluids, structural mechanics, electromagnetism etc). An integrated simulation predictive capability, which utilizes a computer based single CAD geometric model where a detailed simulation of the multi-physics phenomena occurring in a fusion plasma chamber system is performed, is under development and is described in this paper. C1 [Ying, A.; Narula, M.; Abdou, M.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Munipalli, R.] HyPerComp Inc, Westlake Village, CA 91361 USA. [Ulrickson, M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Wilson, P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ying, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM ying@fusion.ucla.edu OI Wilson, Paul/0000-0002-8555-4410 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 918 EP 924 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200058 ER PT J AU Peng, YKM Burgess, TW Carroll, AJ Neumeyer, CL Canik, JM Cole, MJ Dorland, WD Fogarty, PJ Grisham, L Hillis, DL Katoh, Y Korsah, K Kotschenreuther, M LaHaye, R Mahajan, S Majeski, R Nelson, BE Patton, BD Rasmussen, DA Sabbagh, SA Sontag, AC Stoller, RE Tsai, CC Valanju, P Wagner, JC Yoder, GL AF Peng, Y. K. M. Burgess, T. W. Carroll, A. J. Neumeyer, C. L. Canik, J. M. Cole, M. J. Dorland, W. D. Fogarty, P. J. Grisham, L. Hillis, D. L. Katoh, Y. Korsah, K. Kotschenreuther, M. LaHaye, R. Mahajan, S. Majeski, R. Nelson, B. E. Patton, B. D. Rasmussen, D. A. Sabbagh, S. A. Sontag, A. C. Stoller, R. E. Tsai, C. -C. Valanju, P. Wagner, J. C. Yoder, G. L. TI REMOTE HANDLING AND PLASMA CONDITIONS TO ENABLE FUSION NUCLEAR SCIENCE R&D USING A COMPONENT TESTING FACILITY SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID LIMITS; STABILITY; TOKAMAK; POWER AB The use of a fusion component testing facility to study and establish, during the ITER era, the remaining scientific and technical knowledge needed by fusion Demo is considered and described in this paper. This use aims to lest components in an integrated fusion nuclear environment, for the first time, to discover and understand the underpinning physical properties, and to develop improved components for further testing, in a time-efficient manner. It requires a design with extensive modularization and remote handling of activated components, and flexible hot-cell laboratories. It further requires reliable plasma conditions to avoid disruptions and minimize their impact, and designs to reduce the divertor heat flux to the level of ITER design. As the plasma duration is extended through the planned ITER level (similar to 10(3) s) and beyond, physical properties with increasing time constants, progressively for similar to 10(4) s, similar to 10(5) s, and similar to 10(6) s, would become accessible for testing and R&D. The longest time constants of these are likely to be of the order of a week ( 106 S). Progressive stages of research operation are envisioned in deuterium, deuterium-tritium for the ITER duration, and deuterium-tritium with increasingly longer plasma durations. The fusion neutron fluence and operational duty factor anticipated for this "scientific exploration" phase of a component test facility are estimated to be up to 1 MW-yr/m(2) and up to 10%, respectively. C1 [Peng, Y. K. M.; Burgess, T. W.; Carroll, A. J.; Canik, J. M.; Cole, M. J.; Fogarty, P. J.; Hillis, D. L.; Katoh, Y.; Korsah, K.; Nelson, B. E.; Patton, B. D.; Rasmussen, D. A.; Stoller, R. E.; Tsai, C. -C.; Wagner, J. C.; Yoder, G. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Neumeyer, C. L.; Grisham, L.; Majeski, R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Dorland, W. D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kotschenreuther, M.; Mahajan, S.; Valanju, P.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [LaHaye, R.] Gen Atom, La Jolla, CA USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Sontag, A. C.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Peng, YKM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pengym@ornl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Dorland, William/B-4403-2009; Wagner, John/K-3644-2015; OI Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X; Wagner, John/0000-0003-0257-4502; Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681; Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 957 EP 964 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200065 ER PT J AU Katoh, Y Snead, L AF Katoh, Yutai Snead, Lance TI OPERATING TEMPERATURE WINDOW FOR SiC CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES FOR FUSION ENERGY APPLICATIONS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; ION IRRADIATION CREEP; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; MATRIX COMPOSITES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; DEFECT ACCUMULATION; CRACK-GROWTH; HIGH-PURITY AB Limitations in operating conditions, primarily the steady-state operating temperature, of silicon carbide-based ceramics and composites for applications to structural and functional components in fusion blanket systems were critically examined based on the latest experimental results. Irradiation-induced high temperature swelling and irradiation creep were identified to be the likely factors limiting the upper temperature bound for structural applications, whereas irradiation-induced thermal conductivity degradation was identified to be the primary factor to limit the lower temperature bound when substantial heat flux is anticipated For the application to flow channel inserts in liquid metal blankets, insulating properties will likely limit the tippet, temperature bound, whereas the lower temperature bound may be limited by swelling-induced secondary stress. Additionally, key scientific issues which need to be addressed for the better definition of design limitations were identified C1 [Katoh, Yutai; Snead, Lance] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Katoh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM katohy@ornl.gov OI Katoh, Yutai/0000-0001-9494-5862 NR 63 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 1045 EP 1052 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200080 ER PT J AU Snead, LL Leonard, KJ Jellison, GE Sawan, M Lehecka, T AF Snead, L. L. Leonard, K. J. Jellison, G. E., Jr. Sawan, Mohamed Lehecka, Tom TI IRRADIATION EFFECTS ON DIELECTRIC MIRRORS FOR FUSION POWER REACTOR APPLICATION SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th American-Nuclear-Society Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 28-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Nucl Soc, NO California Sect, Amer Nucl Soc, Fusion Energy Div, Atom Energy Soc Japan, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; QUARTZ; DAMAGE; CERAMICS AB Dielectric mirrors have been considered for both magnetic and inertial confinement systems. Such mirrors are comprised of multiple thin bi-layers of high and low refractive index materials deposited onto a substrate. Three dielectric mirror types were fabricated to reflect at the KrF laser wavelength of 248 nm and these mirrors irradiated at similar to 175 degrees C in the dose range of 0.001 to 0.1 x 10(25) n/m(2) (E>0.1 MeV.) Mirror reflectivity was measured on as-irradiated and on 300 and 400 degrees C vacuum annealed mirrors. The best performing mirror overall, the alumina/silica multilayer mirror, did not appear to have degraded reflectivity in the as-irradiated or the as-irradiated and annealed conditions. For the highest dose, annealed condition degradation was observed in the hafnia silica mirror. Additionally, laser induced damage threshold was measured on the best performing mirror (the alumina/silica mirror) with a resulting threshold of >1 J/cm(2), For this mirror, the damage threshold was not discernibly degraded by neutron irradiation. These findings are somewhat in contradiction to earlier work, which suggested poor performance of dielectric mirrors at an order of magnitude lower neutron dose. In conclusion, the current findings, while preliminary, suggest the possibility for using dielectric mirrors to much higher dose levels. C1 [Snead, L. L.; Leonard, K. J.; Jellison, G. E., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sawan, Mohamed] Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI USA. [Lehecka, Tom] Penn State Univ, Penn State EO Ctr, Freeport, PA 16229 USA. RP Snead, LL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM SneadLL@ORNL.gov; Sawan@engr.wisc.edu; TLehecka@eoc.psu.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 2 BP 1069 EP 1077 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 483EW UT WOS:000268946200084 ER PT J AU Fleisch, MC Chou, YC Cardiff, RD Asaithambi, A Shyamala, G AF Fleisch, M. C. Chou, Y. C. Cardiff, R. D. Asaithambi, A. Shyamala, G. TI The overexpression of progesterone receptor A isoform (PR-A) leads transgenes in Mice endometrial Hyperproliferation, Hyperplasia and Atypias SO GEBURTSHILFE UND FRAUENHEILKUNDE LA German DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fleisch, M. C.] Univ Frauenklin Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Chou, Y. C.; Asaithambi, A.; Shyamala, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cardiff, R. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Comparat Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Fleisch, Markus/E-4134-2014 OI Fleisch, Markus/0000-0002-8966-4721 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0016-5751 J9 GEBURTSH FRAUENHEILK JI Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 69 IS 8 BP 740 EP 740 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 493TW UT WOS:000269762000040 ER PT J AU Kawashima, T Kawashima, S Tanaka, C Murai, M Yoneda, M Putnam, NH Rokhsar, DS Kanehisa, M Satoh, N Wada, H AF Kawashima, Takeshi Kawashima, Shuichi Tanaka, Chisaki Murai, Miho Yoneda, Masahiko Putnam, Nicholas H. Rokhsar, Daniel S. Kanehisa, Minoru Satoh, Nori Wada, Hiroshi TI Domain shuffling and the evolution of vertebrates SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CIONA-INTESTINALIS; AMPHIOXUS GENOME; PROTEIN DOMAINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CHORDATE; ORIGINS; REPERTOIRE; RECEPTOR; EMBRYOS AB The evolution of vertebrates has included a number of important events: the development of cartilage, the immune system, and complicated craniofacial structures. Here, we examine domain shuffling as one of the mechanisms that contributes novel genetic material required for vertebrate evolution. We mapped domain-shuffling events during the evolution of deuterostomes with a focus on how domain shuffling contributed to the evolution of vertebrate- and chordate-specific characteristics. We identified; 1000 new domain pairs in the vertebrate lineage, including similar to 100 that were shared by all seven of the vertebrate species examined. Some of these pairs occur in the protein components of vertebrate- specific structures, such as cartilage and the inner ear, suggesting that domain shuffling made a marked contribution to the evolution of vertebrate- specific characteristics. The evolutionary history of the domain pairs is traceable; for example, the Xlink domain of aggrecan, one of the major components of cartilage, was originally utilized as a functional domain of a surface molecule of blood cells in protochordate ancestors, and it was recruited by the protein of the matrix component of cartilage in the vertebrate ancestor. We also identified genes that were created as a result of domain shuffling in ancestral chordates. Some of these are involved in the functions of chordate structures, such as the endostyle, Reissner's fiber of the neural tube, and the notochord. Our analyses shed new light on the role of domain shuffling, especially in the evolution of vertebrates and chordates. C1 [Kawashima, Takeshi; Satoh, Nori] Okinawa Inst Sci & Technol, Okinawa 9042234, Japan. [Kawashima, Takeshi; Putnam, Nicholas H.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Kawashima, Takeshi] Japanese Soc Promot Sci, Tokyo 1028471, Japan. [Kawashima, Shuichi; Kanehisa, Minoru] Univ Tokyo, Inst Med Sci, Ctr Human Genome, Tokyo 1088639, Japan. [Tanaka, Chisaki; Wada, Hiroshi] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Life & Environm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. [Murai, Miho; Yoneda, Masahiko] Aichi Prefectural Univ, Sch Nursing & Hlth, Dept Nursing & Hlth, Nagoya, Aichi 4638502, Japan. [Putnam, Nicholas H.; Rokhsar, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kanehisa, Minoru] Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Bioinformat Ctr, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Kawashima, T (reprint author), Okinawa Inst Sci & Technol, Okinawa 9042234, Japan. EM takeshik@oist.jp RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Kawashima, Takeshi/M-4510-2015 OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; FU KAKENHI; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; JSPS; R. A. Melon FX We thank Seb Shimeld and Peter Holland for their critical reading of the manuscript and helpful comments. This work was supported by KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research) on Priority Areas "Comparative Genomics'' from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan to H. W. and N. S. T. K. was supported by JSPS Postdoctral Fellowships for Research Abroad. D. S. R. and N. H. P. were supported by CIG. D. S. R. was supported by R. A. Melon. NR 45 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 11 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1393 EP 1403 DI 10.1101/gr.087072.108 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 478OM UT WOS:000268597600007 PM 19443856 ER PT J AU Mishra, B Boyanov, MI Bunker, BA Kelly, SD Kemner, KM Nerenberg, R Read-Daily, BL Fein, JB AF Mishra, Bhoopesh Boyanov, Maxim I. Bunker, Bruce A. Kelly, Shelly D. Kemner, Kenneth M. Nerenberg, Robert Read-Daily, Brenda L. Fein, Jeremy B. TI An X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Cd binding onto bacterial consortia SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; POSITIVE SOIL BACTERIUM; ISOLATED CELL-WALLS; METAL ADSORPTION; MULTICOMPARTMENT SYSTEMS; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; GEOLOGIC SETTINGS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; ZINC SORPTION; CADMIUM AB In this study, we use extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy measurements to examine the atomic environment of Cd bound onto two experimental bacterial consortia: one grown from river water, and one grown from a manufacturing gas plant site. The experiments were conducted as a function of pH and demonstrate that the complex mixtures of bacteria, containing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, yield relatively simple EXAFS spectra, a result which indicates that only a limited number of functional group types contribute to Cd binding for each bacterial consortium. The EXAFS spectra indicate that the average Cd binding environment in the river water consortium varies significantly with pH, but the manufacturing gas plant consortium exhibits a Cd binding environment that remains relatively constant over the pH range examined. The EXAFS data for the river water consortium were modeled using carboxyl, phosphoryl and sulfhydryl sites. However, only carboxyl and phosphoryl sites were required to model the manufacturing gas plant consortium data under similar experimental conditions. This is the first EXAFS study to identify and quantify the relative importance of metal binding sites in bacterial consortia. Although our results indicate differences in the binding environments of the two consortia, the data suggest that there are broad similarities in the binding environments present on a wide range of bacterial cell walls. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mishra, Bhoopesh; Bunker, Bruce A.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Nerenberg, Robert; Read-Daily, Brenda L.; Fein, Jeremy B.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Boyanov, Maxim I.; Kelly, Shelly D.; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Mol Environm Sci Grp, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mishra, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, B 73 Guyot Hall,Washington Rd, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bmishra@princeton.edu RI Mishra, Bhoopesh/C-2788-2012; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011 FU Environmental Molecular Science Institute at University of Notre Dame; Bayer Corporation; National Science Foundation [EAR02-21966]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-94-ER-45525, W-31-109-Eng-38] FX We would also like to thank Stefan Green for helpful discussions on the approaches to measure genomic diversity. A journal review by Bryne Ngwenya, and comments by AE Roy Wogelius, significantly improved the presentation of the research. This work was supported by the funding provided by the National Science Foundation through an Environmental Molecular Science Institute grant (EAR02-21966) to the University of Notre Dame. S.D.K. and K.M.K. were supported by the US Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Division Environmental Remediation Science Program. MRCAT is supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-FG02-94-ER-45525 and the member institutions. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was Supported by the US Department of Energy under contract W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 54 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 15 BP 4311 EP 4325 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.032 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 469DP UT WOS:000267876200001 ER PT J AU Aleon, J Engrand, C Leshin, LA McKeegan, KD AF Aleon, J. Engrand, C. Leshin, L. A. McKeegan, K. D. TI Oxygen isotopic composition of chondritic interplanetary dust particles: A genetic link between carbonaceous chondrites and comets SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review ID EARLY SOLAR-SYSTEM; ANALYTICAL ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; UNEQUILIBRATED ORDINARY CHONDRITES; ALUMINUM-RICH INCLUSIONS; TAGISH LAKE METEORITE; THIN-FILM ANALYSES; ANTARCTIC MICROMETEORITES; MAGNESIAN CHONDRULES; ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY; ORGUEIL METEORITE AB Oxygen isotopes were measured in four chondritic hydrated interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and five chondritic anhydrous IDPs including two GEMS-rich particles (Glass embedded with metal and sulfides) by a combination of high precision and high lateral resolution ion microprobe techniques. All IDPs have isotopic compositions tightly clustered around that of solar system planetary materials. Hydrated IDPs have mass-fractionated oxygen isotopic compositions similar to those of CI and CM carbonaceous chondrites, consistent with hydration of initially anhydrous protosolar dust. Anhydrous IDPs have small O-16 excesses and depletions similar to those ;of carbonaceous chondrites, the largest O-16 variations being hosted by the two GEMS-rich IDPs. Coarse-grained forsteritic olivine and enstatite in anhydrous IDPs are isotopically similar to their counterparts in comet Wild 2 and in chondrules suggesting a high temperature inner solar system origin. The small variations in the O-16 content of GEMS-rich IDPs suggest that most GEMS either do not preserve a record of interstellar processes or the initial interstellar dust is not O-16-rich as expected by self-shielding models, although a larger dataset is required to verify these conclusions. Together with other chemical and mineralogical indicators, O isotopes show that the parent-bodies of carbonaceous chondrites, of chondritic IDPs, of most Antarctic micrometeorites, and comet Wild 2 belong to a single family of objects of carbonaceous chondrite chemical affinity as distinct from ordinary, enstatite, K- and R-chondrites. Comparison with astronomical observations thus suggests a chemical continuum of objects including main belt and outer solar system asteroids such as C-type, P-type and D-type asteroids, Trojans and Centaurs as well as short-period comets and other Kuiper Belt Objects. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Aleon, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Aleon, J.] Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Engrand, C.; Leshin, L. A.; McKeegan, K. D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Engrand, C.] Ctr Spectrometrie Nucl & Spectrometrie Masse, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Leshin, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Aleon, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM Jerome.Aleon@csnsm.in2p3.fr RI McKeegan, Kevin/A-4107-2008; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 OI McKeegan, Kevin/0000-0002-1827-729X; FU NSF; NASA; LLNL Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We would like to thank John Bradley and Don Brownlee for providing the IDPs studied in 1999 and the curation team at the Johnson Space Center for providing the IDPs studied in 2005. Ian Hutcheon is warmly thanked for hosting one of us (JA) during the 2005 session. Together with JEOL, he also provided necessary help with the brand new LLNL FEG-SEM. All the ion probe group in Nancy is warmly thanked for discussions, help and maintenance of the IMS 1270 during the 2003-2004 "small beam analysis" development sessions. Alice Aleon-Toppani is thanked for numerous discussions about the nature of GEMS. Advice from Rick Ryerson and Mike Toplis about oxygen self-diffusion is appreciated. We would like to thank in-depth revision and advices from the associate editor Christian Koeberl, from Matthew Genge and two other anonymous reviewers. The UCLA ion probe laboratory is partially supported by the NSF Instrumentation and Facilities program. This work was supported by a grant from the NASA Cosmochemistry program and by the LLNL Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 122 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 73 IS 15 BP 4558 EP 4575 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.04.034 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 469DP UT WOS:000267876200016 ER PT J AU Manga, M Rowland, JC AF Manga, Michael Rowland, Joel C. TI Response of Alum Rock springs to the October 30, 2007 Alum Rock earthquake and implications for the origin of increased discharge after earthquakes SO GEOFLUIDS LA English DT Article DE connate; earthquake triggering; liquefaction; permeability change; springs; transpression ID INDUCED HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES; 1995 KOBE EARTHQUAKE; PERMEABILITY ENHANCEMENT; LOMA-PRIETA; CHI-CHI; WATER; CALIFORNIA; STREAMFLOW; FAULT; LIQUEFACTION AB The origins of increased stream flow and spring discharge following earthquakes have been the subject of controversy, in large part because there are many models to explain observations and few measurements suitable for distinguishing between hypotheses. On October 30, 2007 a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurred near the Alum Rock springs, California, USA. Within a day we documented a several-fold increase in discharge. Over the following year, we have monitored a gradual return towards pre-earthquake properties, but for the largest springs there appears to be a permanent increase in discharge. The Alum Rock springs discharge waters that are a mixture between modern (shallow) meteoric water and old (deep) connate waters expelled by regional transpression. After the earthquake, there was a small and temporary decrease in the fraction of connate water in the largest springs. Accompanying this geochemical change was a small (1-2 degrees C) temperature decrease. Combined with the rapid response, this implies that the increased discharge has a shallow origin. Increased discharge at these springs occurs both for earthquakes that cause static volumetric expansion and for those that cause contraction, supporting models in which dynamic strains are responsible for the subsurface changes that cause flow to increase. We make a quantitative comparison between the observed changes and model predictions for three types of models: (i) a permanent increase in permeability; (ii) an increase in permeability followed by a gradual decrease to its pre-earthquake value; and (iii) an increase of hydraulic head in the groundwater system discharging at the springs. We show that models in which the permeability of the fracture system feeding the springs increases after the earthquake are in general consistent with the changes in discharge. The postseismic decrease in discharge could either reflect the groundwater system adjusting to the new, higher permeability or a gradual return of permeability to pre-earthquake values; the available data do not allow us to distinguish between these two scenarios. However, the response of these springs to another earthquake will provide critical constraints on the changes that occur in the subsurface and should permit a test of all three types of models. C1 [Manga, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rowland, Joel C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Manga, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM manga@seismo.berkeley.edu RI Manga, Michael/D-3847-2013; OI Manga, Michael/0000-0003-3286-4682 FU NSF EAR [0909701] FX We thank Alum Rock Park for providing sampling permits; NSF EAR 0909701 for support to respond to the earthquake, NASA for support in making measurements prior to the earthquake, and the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science for supporting the analysis presented here; the many colleagues, students and in particular family members who assisted with sampling; Tim Rose for ideas and geochemical analyses; Wenbo Yang for the O and H isotope measurements; Linda Kalnejas for help with ion chromatography measurements; Kelly Grivalja for calculating strain; the Santa Clara water district and staff for maintaining the Penitencia Creek gauge and making corrected data available; Chi Wang, Steve Ingebritsen, Bill Evans, Stuart Rojstaczer and an anonymous reviewer for useful suggestions. Model fitting was performed using gnuplot (http://www.gnuplot.info/). NR 43 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1468-8115 EI 1468-8123 J9 GEOFLUIDS JI Geofluids PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 3 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00250.x PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA 479ZZ UT WOS:000268702400006 ER PT J AU Wittkop, CA Teranes, JL Dean, WE Guilderson, TP AF Wittkop, Chad A. Teranes, Jane L. Dean, Walter E. Guilderson, Thomas P. TI A lacustrine carbonate record of Holocene seasonality and climate SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAKE-SEDIMENTS; UNITED-STATES; MICHIGAN; VARIABILITY; INSOLATION; SYSTEM; CYCLE; EVENT; LEVEL; USA AB Annually laminated (varved) Holocene sediments from Derby Lake, Michigan, display variations in endogenic calcite abundance reflecting a long-term (millennial-scale) decrease in burial punctuated with frequent short-term (decadal-scale) oscillations due to carbonate dissolution. Since 6000 cal yr B. P., sediment carbonate abundance has followed a decreasing trend while organic-carbon abundance has increased. The correlation between organic-carbon abundance and the sum of March-April-October-November insolation has an r(2) value of 0.58. We interpret these trends to represent a precession-driven lengthening of the Holocene growing season that has reduced calcite burial by enhancing net annual organic-matter production and associated calcite dissolution. Correlations with regional paleoclimate records suggest that changes in temperature and moisture balance have impacted the distribution of short-term oscillations in carbonate and organic-matter abundance superimposed on the precession-driven trends. C1 [Wittkop, Chad A.] Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. [Teranes, Jane L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Geol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Dean, Walter E.] US Geol Survey, Earth Surface Proc, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wittkop, CA (reprint author), Minnesota State Univ, Dept Chem & Geol, Mankato, MN 56001 USA. EM chad.wittkop@mnsu.edu FU National Science Foundation-Division of Atmospheric Sciences [NSF-ATM 9980380]; U.S. Geological Survey FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation-Division of Atmospheric Sciences grant NSF-ATM 9980380 (to Kerry Kelts), and by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Surface Dynamics Program (Dean). Discussions with Thomas C. Johnson and H. E. Wright Jr. shaped key portions of this work. We thank David Chapman, Lesleigh Anderson, Randy Schumann, and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved the manuscript significantly. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 8 BP 695 EP 698 DI 10.1130/G30056A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 477DR UT WOS:000268498600006 ER PT J AU Crow, SE Lajtha, K Filley, TR Swanston, CW Bowden, RD Caldwell, BA AF Crow, Susan E. Lajtha, Kate Filley, Timothy R. Swanston, Christopher W. Bowden, Richard D. Caldwell, Bruce A. TI Sources of plant-derived carbon and stability of organic matter in soil: implications for global change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; coniferous forest; cutin; deciduous forest; lignin; net primary productivity; soil organic matter; suberin ID CUO REACTION-PRODUCTS; FOREST SOILS; DENSITY FRACTIONATION; DECOMPOSITION PATTERN; OXIDATION-PRODUCTS; ABOVEGROUND LITTER; TEMPERATE FOREST; DECIDUOUS FOREST; LIGNIN OXIDATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB Alterations in forest productivity and changes in the relative proportion of above- and belowground biomass may have nonlinear effects on soil organic matter (SOM) storage. To study the influence of plant litter inputs on SOM accumulation, the Detritus Input Removal and Transfer (DIRT) Experiment continuously alters above- and belowground plant inputs to soil by a combination of trenching, screening, and litter addition. Here, we used biogeochemical indicators [i.e., cupric oxide extractable lignin-derived phenols and suberin/cutin-derived substituted fatty acids (SFA)] to identify the dominant sources of plant biopolymers in SOM and various measures [i.e., soil density fractionation, laboratory incubation, and radiocarbon-based mean residence time (MRT)] to assess the stability of SOM in two contrasting forests within the DIRT Experiment: an aggrading deciduous forest and an old-growth coniferous forest. In the deciduous forest, removal of both above- and belowground inputs increased the total amount of SFA over threefold compared with the control, and shifted the SFA signature towards a root-dominated source. Concurrently, light fraction MRT increased by 101 years and C mineralization during incubation decreased compared with the control. Together, these data suggest that root-derived aliphatic compounds are a source of SOM with greater relative stability than leaf inputs at this site. In the coniferous forest, roots were an important source of soil lignin-derived phenols but needle-derived, rather than root-derived, aliphatic compounds were preferentially preserved in soil. Fresh wood additions elevated the amount of soil C recovered as light fraction material but also elevated mineralization during incubation compared with other DIRT treatments, suggesting that not all of the added soil C is directly stabilized. Aboveground needle litter additions, which are more N-rich than wood debris, resulted in accelerated mineralization of previously stored soil carbon. In summary, our work demonstrates that the dominant plant sources of SOM differed substantially between forest types. Furthermore, inputs to and losses from soil C pools likely will not be altered uniformly by changes in litter input rates. C1 [Crow, Susan E.; Lajtha, Kate; Caldwell, Bruce A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Crow, Susan E.; Filley, Timothy R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Crow, Susan E.; Filley, Timothy R.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Swanston, Christopher W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bowden, Richard D.] Allegheny Coll, Dept Environm Sci, Meadville, PA 16335 USA. RP Crow, SE (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, CHRONO Ctr Climate Environm & Chronol, 42 Fitzwilliam St, Belfast BT9 6AX, Antrim, North Ireland. EM s.crow@qub.ac.uk FU National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2002-35107-12249]; National Science Foundation (NSF),; Division of Environmental Biology (DEB) [0087081, 0316523]; NSF-DEB; US Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48] FX We acknowledge Dr. Elizabeth Sulzman for her dedication to the DIRT Experiment and her years of mentoring, advice, and enthusiasm without which these ideas, and many more like them, may never have developed fully. She provided invaluable support during planning, fieldwork, and laboratory analysis of this work and we dedicate this paper to the memory of our friend and colleague.; We thank three anonymous reviewers and Thimo Klotzbuecher for helpful comments on early versions of the manuscript. This project was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, grant number 2002-35107-12249 and by National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Environmental Biology (DEB) grant number 0087081. Support to H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest and to this project was provided by H.J. Andrews Long Term Ecological Research program, funded by NSF-DEB. This work was performed in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48. Sam Reese and Nick Baldauf aided in the fieldwork at Bousson. Additional support for the biopolymer analysis was provided by National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Environmental Biology (DEB-grant number 0316523) and we thank D. Gamblin of Purdue University for sharing his expertise and contributing to the CuO analysis. This is Purdue Climate Change Research Center paper #0831. NR 72 TC 76 Z9 89 U1 17 U2 172 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2003 EP 2019 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01850.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466XL UT WOS:000267698400012 ER PT J AU Hungate, BA van Groenigen, KJ Six, J Jastrow, JD Luo, YQ de Graaff, MA van Kessel, C Osenberg, CW AF Hungate, Bruce A. van Groenigen, Kees-Jan Six, Johan Jastrow, Julie D. Luo, Yiqi de Graaff, Marie-Anne van Kessel, Chris Osenberg, Craig W. TI Assessing the effect of elevated carbon dioxide on soil carbon: a comparison of four meta-analyses SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE C sequestration; effect size; elevated CO(2); meta-analysis; soil C; statistical power ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORGANIC-CARBON; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; ENRICHMENT EXPERIMENTS; DETECTING CHANGES; PONDEROSA PINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION AB Soil is the largest reservoir of organic carbon (C) in the terrestrial biosphere and soil C has a relatively long mean residence time. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentrations generally increase plant growth and C input to soil, suggesting that soil might help mitigate atmospheric CO(2) rise and global warming. But to what extent mitigation will occur is unclear. The large size of the soil C pool not only makes it a potential buffer against rising atmospheric CO(2), but also makes it difficult to measure changes amid the existing background. Meta-analysis is one tool that can overcome the limited power of single studies. Four recent meta-analyses addressed this issue but reached somewhat different conclusions about the effect of elevated CO(2) on soil C accumulation, especially regarding the role of nitrogen (N) inputs. Here, we assess the extent of differences between these conclusions and propose a new analysis of the data. The four meta-analyses included different studies, derived different effect size estimates from common studies, used different weighting functions and metrics of effect size, and used different approaches to address nonindependence of effect sizes. Although all factors influenced the mean effect size estimates and subsequent inferences, the approach to independence had the largest influence. We recommend that meta-analysts critically assess and report choices about effect size metrics and weighting functions, and criteria for study selection and independence. Such decisions need to be justified carefully because they affect the basis for inference. Our new analysis, with a combined data set, confirms that the effect of elevated CO(2) on net soil C accumulation increases with the addition of N fertilizers. Although the effect at low N inputs was not significant, statistical power to detect biogeochemically important effect sizes at low N is limited, even with meta-analysis, suggesting the continued need for long-term experiments. C1 [Hungate, Bruce A.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Hungate, Bruce A.] No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [van Groenigen, Kees-Jan] Univ Dublin, Dept Bot, Trinity Coll, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Six, Johan; van Kessel, Chris] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jastrow, Julie D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Luo, Yiqi] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [de Graaff, Marie-Anne] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Osenberg, Craig W.] Univ Florida, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hungate, BA (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. EM Bruce.Hungate@nau.edu RI van Groenigen, Kees Jan/B-3747-2012; Hungate, Bruce/F-8991-2011; Osenberg, Craig/M-9904-2013; OI Hungate, Bruce/0000-0002-7337-1887; Osenberg, Craig/0000-0003-1918-7904; van groenigen, kees jan/0000-0002-9165-3925 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0092642, DEB-0543218]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Thanks to participants in the Merriam-Powell Seminar Series at Northern Arizona University for useful feedback on the design and analysis. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0092642 and DEB-0543218) and the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 55 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 11 U2 112 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2020 EP 2034 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01866.x PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 466XL UT WOS:000267698400013 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG Creim, JA Curry, TL Luders, T Morris, JE Sinkov, SI Woodstock, AD Thrall, KD AF Levitskaia, Tatiana G. Creim, Jeffrey A. Curry, Terry L. Luders, Teresa Morris, James E. Sinkov, Sergei I. Woodstock, Angela D. Thrall, Karla D. TI INVESTIGATION OF CHITOSAN FOR DECORPORATION OF Co-60 IN THE RAT SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE chelation; Co-60; contamination, internal; radiological terrorism ID D-GLUCOSAMINE; COMPLEXATION; ABSORPTION; DISPOSITION; EQUILIBRIA; COBALT(II); SPECIATION; PARAMETER; CHEMISTRY; VALUES AB With the increased threat of terrorist release of radioactive materials, there is a need for non-toxic decorporation agents to treat internal contamination with radionuclides. In this study, low molecular weight chitosan was evaluated for decorporation of radioactive cobalt (Co-60). The affinity of chitosan for Co(II) was tested in vitro using spectrophotometric and potentiometric titration techniques. For in vivo studies, the effect of chitosan on ingested Co-60 was evaluated using F344 rats administered a single dose followed by oral chitosan. Chitosan was also evaluated for systemic decorporation of Co-60 following intravenous injection with repeated chitosan administration over 5 d. Control animals received Co-60 without chelation treatment. Excreta and tissues were collected for analysis using gamma-counting techniques. Results from in vitro experiments confirmed the binding of Co(II) to chitosan, with the postulated formation of a mixed cobalt-chitosan-hydroxide complex species; a stability constant was calculated for this complex. For in vivo studies, oral administration of chitosan significantly reduced systemic absorption of orally administered Co-60 as evidenced by an increase in fecal elimination and decrease in urinary elimination. However, oral administration of chitosan lactate slightly decreased fecal excretion of Co-60. Further, oral administration of chitosan significantly reduced Co-60 levels in kidney, liver, and skeleton compared to control animals receiving Co-60 alone. By the IV route, chitosan slightly reduced levels of Co-60 in tissues compared to controls, although statistically significant reductions were only observed for blood and kidney. Overall, this commercially available chitosan oligosaccharide exhibited promising potential; further studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal dosing regimen and chemical modifications to increase effectiveness. Health Phys. 97(2):115-124; 2009 C1 [Levitskaia, Tatiana G.; Creim, Jeffrey A.; Curry, Terry L.; Luders, Teresa; Morris, James E.; Sinkov, Sergei I.; Woodstock, Angela D.; Thrall, Karla D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Levitskaia, TG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-22, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tatiana.levitskaia@pnl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [1R01AI074067-01] NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 BP 115 EP 124 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 470WN UT WOS:000268013200003 PM 19590271 ER PT J AU Waller, E Millage, K Blakely, WF Ross, JA Mercier, JR Sandgren, DJ Levine, IH Dickerson, WE Nemhauser, JB Nasstrom, JS Sugiyama, G Homann, S Buddemeier, BR Curling, CA Disraelly, DS AF Waller, E. Millage, Kyle Blakely, William F. Ross, James A. Mercier, John R. Sandgren, David J. Levine, Ira H. Dickerson, William E. Nemhauser, Jeffrey B. Nasstrom, John S. Sugiyama, Gayle Homann, Steve Buddemeier, Brooke R. Curling, Carl A. Disraelly, Deena S. TI OVERVIEW OF HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND EMERGENCY PLANNING SOFTWARE OF USE TO RN FIRST RESPONDERS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE biological indicators; computers; emergencies, radiological; emergency planning ID BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; RADIATION AB There are numerous software tools available for field deployment, reach-back, training and planning use in the event of a radiological or nuclear terrorist event. Specialized software tools used by CBRNe responders can increase information available and the speed and accuracy of the response, thereby ensuring that radiation doses to responders, receivers, and the general public are kept as low as reasonably achievable. Software designed to provide health care providers with assistance in selecting appropriate countermeasures or therapeutic interventions in a timely fashion can improve the potential for positive patient outcome. This paper reviews various software applications of relevance to radiological and nuclear events that are currently in use by first responders, emergency planners, medical receivers, and criminal investigators. Health Phys. 97(2):145-156; 2009 C1 [Waller, E.] Univ Western Ontario, Inst Technol, Fac Energy Syst & Nucl Sci, Oshawa, ON, Canada. [Millage, Kyle] Appl Res Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Blakely, William F.; Ross, James A.; Mercier, John R.; Sandgren, David J.; Levine, Ira H.; Dickerson, William E.] Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Nemhauser, Jeffrey B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ne Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Nasstrom, John S.; Sugiyama, Gayle; Homann, Steve; Buddemeier, Brooke R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Curling, Carl A.; Disraelly, Deena S.] Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. RP Waller, E (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Inst Technol, Fac Energy Syst & Nucl Sci, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON, Canada. EM ed.waller@uoit.ca NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 470WN UT WOS:000268013200006 PM 19590274 ER PT J AU O'Connell, P Rabovsky, J Foulke, J Daniels, C AF O'Connell, Peter Rabovsky, Joel Foulke, Judith Daniels, Camille TI Developing In-Vitro Bioassay Goals for Plutonium and Uranium for Department of Energy Facilities SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; bioassay; plutonium; uranium AB On 8 June 2007, the Department of Energy amended its occupational radiation protection rule Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations Part 835, Occupational Radiation Protection. Department of Energy revised the radiation weighting factors, tissue weighting factors and most of the dosimetric terms used in Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations Part 835 to reflect the recommendations for assessing dose and associated terminology front ICRP Publication 60, 1990 Recommendations of the ICRP on Radiological Protection. In support of the amendment, Department of Energy is revising its guidance documents on establishing bioassay result goals, which are used in assessing bioassay capabilities and establishing bioassay frequencies. The revised guidance is based on the updated dosimetric models and provides a useful tool for evaluating aspects of a bioassay program which may need revision. Health Phys. 97(Supplement 2):S131-S135; 2009 C1 [O'Connell, Peter; Rabovsky, Joel; Foulke, Judith; Daniels, Camille] US DOE, Off Hlth & Safety HS 10, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP O'Connell, P (reprint author), US DOE, Off Hlth & Safety HS 10, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM peter.o'connell@hq.doe.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 SU S BP S131 EP S135 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 470WO UT WOS:000268013300002 PM 19590265 ER PT J AU Reciniello, RN Sengupta, S Thompson, RL AF Reciniello, R. N. Sengupta, S. Thompson, R. L. TI The Possible Effect on Personnel Dose by Two Copper Filters Covering Element 1 of the Harshaw 8814 TLD Badge SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topics; exposure, occupational; dose assessment; radiation dose AB Ongoing uncertainties have existed regarding possible effects at low photon energies of two copper filters covering Element 1 of the Harshaw Type-8814 thermoluminescent dosimeter badge casing. To address these, Brookhaven National Laboratory's (BNL) Personnel Monitoring Group conducted a test in which Type-8814 badges with one copper filter covering Element I were irradiated at several low-energy levels side-by-side with the same number of badges with two copper filters covering Element 1. A review of exposures to personnel at Brookhaven Laboratory to possible low-energy photon flux was also conducted. From both the test and the review of exposures, it can be concluded that, for radiological work under the conditions at BNL, there is no apparent dosimetric difference if one or two copper filters cover Element 1 of the Type-8814 badge. Health Phys. 97(Supplement 2):S140-S144; 2009 C1 [Reciniello, R. N.; Sengupta, S.; Thompson, R. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Personnel Monitoring Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reciniello, RN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Personnel Monitoring Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU Brookhaven National Laboratory [BNL-799652008-JA]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH0886] FX This work was performed under Brookhaven National Laboratory contract BNL-799652008-JA. This research was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC02-98CH0886. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 97 IS 2 SU S BP S140 EP S144 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 470WO UT WOS:000268013300004 PM 19590267 ER PT J AU Dornburg, CC Stevens, SM Hendrickson, SML Davidson, GS AF Dornburg, Courtney C. Stevens, Susan M. Hendrickson, Stacey M. L. Davidson, George S. TI Improving Extreme-Scale Problem Solving: Assessing Electronic Brainstorming Effectiveness in an Industrial Setting SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION; GROUP DECISION-MAKING; IDEA GENERATION; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; METAANALYSIS; INTEGRATION; CREATIVITY; BLOCKING; FEEDBACK AB Objective: An experiment was conducted to compare the effectiveness of individual versus group electronic brainstorming to address difficult, real-world challenges. Background: Although industrial reliance on electronic communications has become ubiquitous, empirical and theoretical understanding of the bounds of its effectiveness have been limited. Previous research using short-term laboratory experiments have engaged small groups of students in answering questions irrelevant to an industrial setting. The present experiment extends current findings beyond the laboratory to larger groups of real-world employees addressing organization-relevant challenges during the course of 4 days. Methods: Employees and contractors at a national laboratory participated, either in a group setting or individually, in an electronic brainstorm to pose solutions to a real-world problem. Results: The data demonstrate that (for this design) individuals perform at least as well as groups in producing quantity of electronic ideas, regardless of brainstorming duration. However, when judged with respect to quality along three dimensions (originality, feasibility, and effectiveness), the individuals significantly (p < .05) outperformed the group. Conclusion: When quality is used to benchmark success, these data indicate that work-relevant challenges are better solved by aggregating electronic individual responses rather than by electronically convening a group. Application: This research suggests that industrial reliance on electronic problem-solving groups should be tempered, and large nominal groups may be more appropriate corporate problem-solving vehicles. C1 [Dornburg, Courtney C.; Stevens, Susan M.; Hendrickson, Stacey M. L.; Davidson, George S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dornburg, CC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0830, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ccdornb@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; Lockheed Martin Company; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We thank J. Chris Forsythe for his input in experiment conceptualization and Travis L. Bauer for his assistance in response analysis. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD AUG PY 2009 VL 51 IS 4 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1177/0018720809343587 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 501AY UT WOS:000270351000007 PM 19899361 ER PT J AU Chilappagari, SK Chertkov, M Stepanov, MG Vasic, B AF Chilappagari, Shashi Kiran Chertkov, Michael Stepanov, Mikhail G. Vasic, Bane TI Instanton-Based Techniques for Analysis and Reduction of Error Floors of LDPC Codes SO IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Low-density parity-check codes; Error Floor; Iterative Decoding; Linear Programming Decoding; Instantons; Pseudo-Codewords; Trapping Sets ID PARITY-CHECK CODES; TANNER GRAPHS; TRAPPING SETS; ALGORITHM; PSEUDOCODEWORDS; ENSEMBLES; CHANNEL AB We describe a family of instanton-based optimization methods developed recently for the analysis of the error floors of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Instantons are the most probable configurations of the channel noise which result in decoding failures. We show that the general idea and the respective optimization technique are applicable broadly to a variety of channels, discrete or continuous, and variety of sub-optimal decoders. Specifically, we consider: iterative belief propagation (BP) decoders, Gallager type decoders, and linear programming (LP) decoders performing over the additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC) and the binary symmetric channel (BSC). The instanton analysis suggests that the underlying topological structures of the most probable instanton of the same code but different channels and decoders are related to each other. Armed with this understanding of the graphical structure of the instanton and its relation to the decoding failures, we suggest a method to construct codes whose Tanner graphs are free of these structures, and thus have less significant error floors. C1 [Chilappagari, Shashi Kiran; Vasic, Bane] Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Chertkov, Michael] LANL, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chertkov, Michael] LANL, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stepanov, Mikhail G.] Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Chilappagari, SK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM shashic@ece.arizona.edu; chertkov@lanl.gov; stepanov@math.arizona.edu; vasic@ece.arizona.edu RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X FU NSF [CCF-0634969, IHCS-0725405, DMS-0807592]; Seagate Technology FX Part of the work by S. K. Chilappagari was performed when he was a summer GRA at LANL. The work at LANL, by S. K. Chilappagari and M. Chertkov, was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. B. Vasic and S. K. Chilappagari would like to acknowledge the financial support of the NSF (Grants CCF-0634969 and IHCS-0725405) and Seagate Technology. M. G. Stepanov would like to acknowledge the support of NSF grant DMS-0807592. The authors would like to thank A. R. Krishnan for providing the modified code and the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8716 J9 IEEE J SEL AREA COMM JI IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 27 IS 6 BP 855 EP 865 DI 10.1109/JSAC.2009.090804 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 477NH UT WOS:000268525300004 ER PT J AU Allan, WR Graham, ZW Zayas, JR Roach, DP Horsley, DA AF Allan, William R. Graham, Zachary W. Zayas, Jose R. Roach, Dennis P. Horsley, David A. TI Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation System Using a Microelectromechanical Fabry-Perot Tunable Filter SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Microelectromechanical devices; optical fiber transducers; strain measurement ID SENSOR SYSTEM; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; STRAIN-MEASUREMENTS; LASER; DEMODULATION; IMPACT; NOISE AB This paper describes a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor interrogation system based on a microelectromechanical systems tunable Fabry-Perot filter. The shift in the Bragg wavelength due to strain applied to a sensor fiber is detected by means of a correlation algorithm which was implemented on an embedded digital signal processor. The instrument has a 70 nm tuning range, allowing multiple strain sensors to be multiplexed on the same fiber. The performance of the interrogator was characterized using an optical fiber containing six grating strain sensors embedded in a fiberglass test specimen. The measured root mean square (RMS) strain error was 1.5 microstrain, corresponding to a 1.2 pm RMS error in the estimated wavelength shift. Strain measurements are produced with an update rate of 39 samples/s. C1 [Horsley, David A.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Zayas, Jose R.; Roach, Dennis P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Allan, WR (reprint author), Mercedes Benz, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM dahorsley@ucdavis.edu RI Horsley, David/K-7243-2013 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 9 IS 8 BP 936 EP 943 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2024849 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 470ZF UT WOS:000268020400010 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DN Sastry, PVPSS Knoll, DC Schwartz, J AF Nguyen, Doan N. Sastry, Pamidi V. P. S. S. Knoll, David C. Schwartz, Justin TI Temperature Dependence of Total AC Loss in High-Temperature Superconducting Tapes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Magnetization loss; superconducting tape; temperature ependence; total ac loss; transport loss ID TRANSPORT CURRENT LOSS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HTS TAPES; BI(2223) TAPES; BSCCO TAPE; CURRENTS; CONDUCTORS; SUBSTRATE AB A versatile experimental facility was designed and set up to measure transport ac losses, magnetization ac losses, and total ac losses in high-temperature superconductors at variable temperatures. Several sets of measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 35 K to 100 K. Sample temperature during the measurements could be controlled within +/- 0.5 K of set temperature. Temperature dependence of transport losses reflects variation of critical current density of the tapes with temperature. Temperature dependence of magnetization losses exhibits an interesting behavior with a peak, whose position shifts to lower temperatures as the magnetic field is increased. Experimental data of ac losses at various temperatures are compared with those calculated using numerical methods. Generally, the simulated results reproduce well the experimental data. C1 [Nguyen, Doan N.; Sastry, Pamidi V. P. S. S.; Knoll, David C.; Schwartz, Justin] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Schwartz, Justin] Florida State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Coll Engn, FAMU,Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Nguyen, DN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM doan@lanl.gov; pamidi@caps.fsu.edu; david_knoll@southwire.com; schwartz@magnet.fsu.edu RI Schwartz, Justin/D-4124-2009; Nguyen, Doan/F-3148-2010 OI Schwartz, Justin/0000-0002-7590-240X; FU U.S. Department of Energy [BS123456] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant BS123456. This paper was recommended by Associate Editor S. W. Schwenterly. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 3637 EP 3644 DI 10.1109/TASC.2009.2015462 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 477NT UT WOS:000268526500002 ER PT J AU Beveridge, JR MacGregor, SJ Given, MJ Timoshkin, IV Lehr, JM AF Beveridge, J. R. MacGregor, S. J. Given, M. J. Timoshkin, I. V. Lehr, J. M. TI A Corona-stabilised Plasma Closing Switch SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Pulse power system switches; corona; delay effects; timing jitter; jitter; high voltage techniques; pulse generation; plasma devices; gas discharge devices; pulse compression circuits; pulse power systems; pulse shaping circuits; dielectric breakdown AB Corona-stabilised plasma closing switches, filled with electronegative gases such as SF(6) and air, have been used in pulsed-power applications as repetitive switching devices for the last 10 years. Their high repetition-rate capabilities coupled with their relatively simple design and construction have made them suitable alternatives to thyratrons and semi-conductor switches. As well as having repetitive switching capabilities, corona-stabilised plasma closing switches have the potential to operate at elevated voltages through the incorporation of multiple electrode sets. This allows high-voltage operation with inherent voltage grading between the electrodes. A further feature of such switches is that they can have relatively low jitter under triggered condition. This paper reports on some of the operational features of a new design of corona-stabilised, cascade switch that utilises air as the insulating gas. At pressures between 0 and 1 bar gauge the switch has be shown to operate over the voltage range of 40 to 100 kV with a jitter below 2 ns. C1 [Beveridge, J. R.; MacGregor, S. J.; Given, M. J.; Timoshkin, I. V.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Energy & Environm, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. [Lehr, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Beveridge, JR (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Energy & Environm, Royal Coll Bldg,204 George St, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 948 EP 955 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 485XI UT WOS:000269158400006 ER PT J AU Tang, T Burkhart, C AF Tang, T. Burkhart, C. TI Hybrid MOSFET/Driver for Ultra-fast Switching SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE MOSFET switches; power MOSFETs; high-speed electronics; pulse power system switches; Hybrid integrated circuits; flip-chip devices AB The ultra-fast switching of power MOSFETs, in about 1 ns, is very challenging. This is largely due to the parasitic inductance that is intrinsic to commercial packages used for both MOSFETs and drivers. Parasitic gate and source inductance not only limit the voltage rise time on the MOSFET internal gate structure but can also cause the gate voltage to oscillate. This paper describes a hybrid approach that substantially reduces the parasitic inductance between the driver and MOSFET gate, as well as between the MOSFET source and its external connection. A flip-chip assembly is used to directly attach a die-form power MOSFET and driver on a PCB. The parasitic inductances are significantly reduced by eliminating bond wires and minimizing lead length. The experimental results demonstrate ultra-fast switching of the power MOSFET with excellent control of the gate-source voltage. C1 [Tang, T.; Burkhart, C.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Tang, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS 49, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RI Tang, Tao/C-8123-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 967 EP 970 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 485XI UT WOS:000269158400009 ER PT J AU Sozer, EB Jiang, CQ Gundersen, MA Umstattd, RJ AF Sozer, Esin B. Jiang, Chunqi Gundersen, Martin A. Umstattd, Ryan J. TI Quantum Efficiency Measurements of Photocathode Candidates for Back-Lighted Thyratrons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Photocathodes; photoelectricity; back-lighted thyratron; pseudospark switch; magnesium; copper; molybdenum; Schottky effect ID MG-BASED PHOTOCATHODES; RF GUN; LASER; PERFORMANCE; PSEUDOSPARK; SWITCHES; CU AB Light-activated pseudospark switches, also called back-lighted thyratrons (BLTs), are low pressure, high voltage (typ. 10-50 kV), high current (typ. 1-100 kA) glow-mode switches. It is of interest to develop BLTs with reliable and practical optical triggering systems for applications of compact pulsed power. This paper reports the results of research into photocathode materials for BLTs to enhance switching performance and provide optimal cathode conditions for optical triggering. Effective photocathode materials have many specific qualities, the most important being low work function, high quantum yield, and long lifetime at typical BLT operation pressures of 1.3-133 Pa (0.01-1 Torr). Photoemission measurements were conducted with 266 nm, 5 ns laser pulses in a pressure range from 4 x 10(-5) - 13.3 Pa (3-10(-7) to 0.1 Torr) using helium as the background gas. Quantum efficiencies up to 1.5 x 10(-5), 1.4 x 10(-5), and 1.2 x 10(-5), were measured for magnesium, copper, and molybdenum samples, respectively. An increase in gas pressure 4 x 10(-5) - 13.3 Pa (3 x 10(-7) to 0.1 Torr) corresponded to an increase in quantum efficiency (QE) of 13% for magnesium and copper; the same increase in pressure corresponded to a quantum efficiency decrease of 10% for molybdenum. Square root of quantum efficiency shows a linear dependence on the square root of the sample surface's electric field due to the Schottky effect. 2D electrostatic simulation of the electric field distribution in a typical compact BLT shows that the field strengths are up to hundreds of kV/cm near the surfaces of the electrodes when a voltage potential of 30 kV is applied between the electrodes. This indicates that higher photoelectron yields can be expected when the tested photocathodes are implemented into BLTs. C1 [Sozer, Esin B.; Jiang, Chunqi; Gundersen, Martin A.] Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Umstattd, Ryan J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sozer, EB (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. OI Sozer, Esin/0000-0002-6244-3670 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work is supported by the Young Investigator Research Program managed by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 993 EP 998 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 485XI UT WOS:000269158400013 ER PT J AU Wilson, MP MacGregor, SJ Given, MJ Timoshkin, IV Sinclair, MA Thomas, KJ Lehr, JM AF Wilson, M. P. MacGregor, S. J. Given, M. J. Timoshkin, I. V. Sinclair, M. A. Thomas, K. J. Lehr, J. M. TI Surface Flashover of Oil-immersed Dielectric Materials in Uniform and Non-uniform Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Flashover; surface discharges; dielectric materials; dielectric breakdown; oil insulation; plastics ID TRANSFORMER OIL; MINERAL-OIL; PROPAGATION AB The applied electrical fields required to initiate surface flashover of different types of dielectric material immersed in insulating oil have been investigated, by applying impulses of increasing peak voltage until surface flashover occurred. The behavior of the materials in repeatedly over-volted gaps was also analyzed in terms of breakdown mode (some bulk sample breakdown behaviour was witnessed in this regime), time to breakdown, and breakdown voltage. Cylindrical samples of polypropylene, low-density polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and Rexolite, were held between two electrodes immersed in insulating oil, and subjected to average applied electrical fields up to 870 kV/cm. Tests were performed in both uniform- and non-uniform-fields, and with different sample topologies. In applied field measurements, polypropylene required the highest levels of average applied field to initiate flashover in all electrode configurations tested, settling at similar to 600 kV/cm in uniform fields, and similar to 325 kV/cm in non-uniform fields. In over-volted point-plane gaps, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene exhibited the longest pre-breakdown delay times. The results will provide comparative data for system designers for the appropriate choice of dielectric materials to act as insulators for high-voltage, pulsed-power machines. C1 [Wilson, M. P.; MacGregor, S. J.; Given, M. J.; Timoshkin, I. V.] Univ Strathclyde, Inst Energy & Environm, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. [Sinclair, M. A.; Thomas, K. J.] AWE Aldermaston, Pulsed Power Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Lehr, J. M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wilson, MP (reprint author), Univ Strathclyde, Inst Energy & Environm, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Royal Coll Bldg,204 George St, Glasgow G1 1XW, Lanark, Scotland. OI Wilson, Mark/0000-0003-3088-8541 NR 7 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1036 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 485XI UT WOS:000269158400018 ER PT J AU Kemp, MA Burkhart, C Nguyen, MN Anderson, DE AF Kemp, Mark A. Burkhart, Craig Nguyen, Minh N. Anderson, David E. TI Redesign of the SNS Modulator H-Bridge for Utilization of Press-Pack IGBTs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DIELECTRICS AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION LA English DT Article DE Insulated gate bipolar transistors; power conversion; power electronics; power modulation; power semiconductor devices; pulse circuits; pulse power systems AB The Power Systems Development group at SLAC has developed an improved design for the H-bridge switch plates of the High Voltage Converter Modulators at the Spallation Neutron Source. This integral modulator component has been identified as the source of numerous modulator faults. This paper presents the design and implementation of the alternative switch plate, which is based upon press-pack IGBTs. C1 [Kemp, Mark A.; Burkhart, Craig; Nguyen, Minh N.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Anderson, David E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kemp, MA (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC05-00OR22725, SLAC-PUB- 13409] FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC02-76SF00515 and DE-AC05-00OR22725. SLAC-PUB- 13409 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1070-9878 J9 IEEE T DIELECT EL IN JI IEEE Trns. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1055 EP 1060 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 485XI UT WOS:000269158400022 ER PT J AU Shao, XM Jacobson, AR AF Shao, Xuan-Min Jacobson, Abram R. TI Model Simulation of Very Low-Frequency and Low-Frequency Lightning Signal Propagation Over Intermediate Ranges SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE Electromagnetic propagation in dispersive media; ground wave propagation; ionospheric electromagnetic propagation; lightning ID IONOSPHERE WAVE-GUIDE; ALAMOS SFERIC ARRAY; RADIO EMISSIONS; ELECTRIC WAVES; EARTH; FIELDS AB A model simulation for very low-frequency and low-frequency lightning signal propagation over ranges of hundreds to a couple of thousand kilometers is presented in this paper. The model is a composite of ground and ionospheric-reflected waves. The ground wave is modeled over a spherical earth that has a finite conductivity. The ionospheric-wave simulation is based on a recently developed full-wave model that treats the lower portion of the ionosphere as a magnetized, anisotropic, collisional, and cold-electron medium. In this paper, only the first-hop ionosphere reflection is presented, although higher order reflections can be readily implemented by the model. For the purpose of demonstration, the modeled results are compared to actual observations of negative cloud-to-ground strokes at various distances for day and nighttime. The model itself, however, can be used for any type of lightning discharge event, including the incloud events that occur above the ground. This model, together with multistation Los Alamos Sferic Array measurements of lightning discharges, might provide an alternate means for monitoring the temporal and spatial variations of the lower portion of the ionosphere. C1 [Shao, Xuan-Min] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Jacobson, Abram R.] Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shao, XM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xshao@lanl.gov; abramj@u.washington.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Air Force FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Air Force. NR 35 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 51 IS 3 BP 519 EP 525 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2009.2022171 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 485WA UT WOS:000269154300011 ER PT J AU Jayanthi, S Witt, EC Singh, V AF Jayanthi, Shekhar Witt, Edwin C. Singh, Vikram TI Evaluation of Potential of Innovations: A DEA-Based Application to US Photovoltaic Industry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Data envelopment analysis (DEA); innovation potential; management of innovation; manufacturing R&D; project management ID RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT; DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS; DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; EFFICIENCY; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; PORTFOLIO; SELECTION; MODELS AB We present a model-based approach for evaluating the potential of innovations occurring in various stages of the industry value chain. The realization of the innovation's potential is conceptualized as the ability of the de novo firm to achieve the maximum possible efficiency in translating inputs into cost-reducing output. We apply recent developments from data envelopment analysis to measure the innovation's potential in terms of its relative efficiency with respect to a best practices frontier. We then present a conceptual framework to classify and identify the determinants related to technological and organizational variables in realizing the potential of innovations. Finally, we demonstrate the application of this model-based approach to conduct analysis of the potential of innovations in the U.S. photovoltaic and related systems manufacturing industry. C1 [Jayanthi, Shekhar] Texas A&M Univ, Informat & Operat Management Dept, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Witt, Edwin C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Photovolta Mfg Technol PVMaT Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Singh, Vikram] Charles River Associates Inc, Boston, MA 02116 USA. RP Jayanthi, S (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Informat & Operat Management Dept, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM sjayanthi@mays.tamu.edu; ed_witt@nrel.gov; vsingh@crai.com FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO [80401] FX This work was supported in part by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO 80401. Review of this manuscript was arranged by Department Editor S. (Sri) Talluri. NR 72 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9391 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 3 BP 478 EP 493 DI 10.1109/TEM.2009.2013833 PG 16 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 474KG UT WOS:000268281600009 ER PT J AU Khan, FH Tolbert, LM Webb, WE AF Khan, Faisal H. Tolbert, Leon M. Webb, William E. TI Hybrid Electric Vehicle Power Management Solutions Based on Isolated and Nonisolated Configurations of Multilevel Modular Capacitor-Clamped Converter SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Fuel-cell vehicle; isolated dc-dc converter; multilevel dc-dc converter; multilevel modular capacitor-clamped converter (MMCCC); plug-in hybrid vehicle ID DC-DC CONVERTER; DC/DC CONVERTER; DESIGN; ELECTRONICS; SYSTEMS AB This paper presents the various configurations of a multilevel modular capacitor-clamped converter (MMCCC), and it reveals many useful and new formations of the original MMCCC for transferring power in either an isolated or nonisolated manner. The various features of the original MMCCC circuit are best suited for a multibus system in future plug-in hybrid or fuel-cell-powered vehicles' drive train. The original MMCCC is capable of bidirectional power transfer using multilevel modular structure with capacitor-clamped topology. It has a nonisolated structure, and it offers very high efficiency even at partial loads. This circuit was modified to integrate single or multiple high-frequency transformers by using the intermediate voltage nodes of the converter. On the other hand, a special formation of the MMCCC can exhibit dc outputs offering limited isolation without using any isolation transformer. This modified version can produce a high conversion ratio from a limited number of components and has several useful applications in providing power to multiple low-voltage loads in a hybrid or electric automobile. This paper will investigate the origin of generating ac outputs from the MMCCC and shows how the transformer-free version can be modified to create limited isolation from the circuit. In addition, this paper will compare various modified forms of the MMCCC topology with existing dc-dc converter circuits from compactness and component utilization perspectives. C1 [Khan, Faisal H.; Webb, William E.] Elect Power Res Inst, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Min Kao Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Power Elect & Elect Machinery Res Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Khan, FH (reprint author), Elect Power Res Inst, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM fkhan@epri.com OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 3079 EP 3095 DI 10.1109/TIE.2009.2022074 PG 17 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 475DR UT WOS:000268339100033 ER PT J AU Babentsov, V Franc, J James, RB AF Babentsov, Volodymyr Franc, Jan James, Ralph B. TI Compensation and Photosensitivity in CdTe Doped With Indium SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdTe; compensation mechanism; deep donor; radiation detectors; trapping ID THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-RESISTIVITY CDTE; CRYSTALS; DEFECTS; GROWTH; CDZNTE; DETECTORS; TELLURIDE; LEVEL; ZINC AB To better our knowledge of the characteristics of semi-insulated cadmium telluride (CdTe) doped with indium (In), we explored the role of deep levels in compensation and trapping. We assessed the defects and their distribution across a wafer in several ways; by measuring dark resistivity and photosensitivity maps, photoluminescence, Photo-Induced Current Transient Spectroscopy (PICTS), and Thermoelectric Effect Spectroscopy (TEES). We determined that electron trapping to a near midgap level in CdTe: In begins when the Fermi-level lies above this level. We demonstrated first that a small movement (approximate to 1 divided by 2 kT) of the Fermi-level downward significantly increases electron trapping. PICTS and TEES measurements confirmed the presence of a positively charge electron trap at E(C)-0.065 eV (+/-0.05 eV) with a high capture cross-section. This level transforms into a neutral one when the Fermi-level moves above it. Photoluminescence measurements detected this energy level that, when positively charged, was responsible for a 0.68-eV emission, while in a neutral state, it was accountable for an emission peak located at 0.87 eV. We discuss the nature of the deep donors, considering the latest "ab initio" calculations: also, the Te anti-site is compared to complex defects, such as H-O(Cd). C1 [Babentsov, Volodymyr] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, Dept Phys & Technol Low Dimens Syst, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. [Franc, Jan] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Phys, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic. [James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Natl Secur Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Babentsov, V (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Semicond Phys, Dept Phys & Technol Low Dimens Syst, UA-03028 Kiev, Ukraine. EM babentsov@isp.kiev.ua; franc@karlov.mff.cuni.cz; rjames@bnl.gov RI Franc, Jan/C-3802-2017 OI Franc, Jan/0000-0002-9493-3973 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1724 EP 1730 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2015316 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WF UT WOS:000269154800005 ER PT J AU Grill, R Belas, E Bugar, M Hoschl, P Nahlovskyy, B Fochuk, P Panchuk, O Bolotnikov, AE James, RB AF Grill, R. Belas, E. Bugar, M. Hoschl, P. Nahlovskyy, B. Fochuk, P. Panchuk, O. Bolotnikov, A. E. James, R. B. TI Multi-Species Diffusion in CdTe SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdTe; chemical diffusion; impurity diffusion; purification ID CADMIUM TELLURIDE; INTRINSIC DEFECTS; RICH CDTE; AG; CU AB We studied theoretically chemical self-diffusion and the diffusion of extrinsic atoms in CdTe. We compiled a general model describing the multi-species diffusion of arbitrary amounts of elements in a form optimized for numerical calculations and applied it to a model system of CdTe doped with slow- or fast-diffusing elements. The diffusion of slowly diffusing atoms was analyzed and compared with experimental findings. We uncovered possible drawbacks in the experimental data that might affect the ensuing analysis by researchers, so generating incorrect conclusions. We suggest a method of purifying CdTe from fast-diffusing impurities based on a proper annealing/etching process. C1 [Grill, R.; Belas, E.; Bugar, M.; Hoschl, P.; Nahlovskyy, B.] Charles Univ Prague, Inst Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic. [Fochuk, P.; Panchuk, O.] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, A. E.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Grill, R (reprint author), Charles Univ Prague, Inst Phys, Fac Math & Phys, CZ-12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic. EM grill@karlov.mff.cuni.cz RI Grill, Roman/A-2109-2008; Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Panchuk, Oleg/C-1764-2017 OI Grill, Roman/0000-0002-4615-8909; Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Panchuk, Oleg/0000-0003-3906-1858 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [MSM0021620834]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [202/08/0644] FX This work is a part of the research program MSM0021620834 financed by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic and supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under Contract 202/08/0644. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1763 EP 1767 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022163 PN 1 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WF UT WOS:000269154800012 ER PT J AU Bolotnikov, AE Babalola, SO Camarda, GS Chen, H Awadalla, S Cui, YG Egarievwe, SU Fochuk, PM Hawrami, R Hossain, A James, JR Nakonechnyj, IJ Mackenzie, J Yang, G Xu, C James, RB AF Bolotnikov, Aleksey E. Babalola, Stephen O. Camarda, Giuseppe S. Chen, Henry Awadalla, S. Cui, Yonggang Egarievwe, Stephrn U. Fochuk, Petro M. Hawrami, Rastgo Hossain, Anwar James, Jesse R. Nakonechnyj, I. J. Mackenzie, J. Yang, Ge Xu, Chao James, Ralph B. TI Extended Defects in CdZnTe Radiation Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdZnTe; crystal defects; radiation detectors ID SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOUND-CRYSTALS; GROWTH AB Large-volume CdZnTe (CZT) single crystals with electron lifetime exceeding 10 mu s have recently become commercially available. This opened the opportunity for making room temperature CZT gamma-ray detectors with extended thicknesses and larger effective areas. However, the extended defects that are present even in the highest-quality material remain a major drawback which affects the availability and cost of large CZT detectors. In contrast to the point defects that control electron lifetime and whose effects on the charge collection can be electronically corrected, the extended defects introduce significant fluctuations in the collected charge, which increase with a crystal's thickness. The extended defects limit the uniformity in the electrons' drift distance in CZT crystals, above which electron trapping cannot effectively be corrected. In this paper, we illustrate the roles of the extended defects in CZT detectors with different geometries. We emphasize that the crystallinity of commercial CZT materials remains a major obstacle on the path to developing thick, large-volume CZT detectors for gamma-ray imaging and spectroscopy. C1 [Bolotnikov, Aleksey E.; Camarda, Giuseppe S.; Cui, Yonggang; Hossain, Anwar; Yang, Ge; Xu, Chao; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. [Babalola, Stephen O.; Hawrami, Rastgo] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Chen, Henry; Awadalla, S.; Mackenzie, J.] Redlen Technol, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Egarievwe, Stephrn U.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Fochuk, Petro M.; Nakonechnyj, I. J.] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [James, Jesse R.] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11793 USA. EM bolotnik@bnl.gov; balabola@bnl.gov; camarda@bnl.gov; henry.chen@redlen.com; awagalla@redlen.com; cui@bnl.gov; segariev@bnl.gov; fochukp@gmail.com; hawrami@bnl.gov; hossain@bnl.gov; sixshooter21@gmail.com; Nakonechnyj@bnl.gov; mackenzie@redlen.com; gyang@bnl.gov; mgcclx@gmail.com; rjames@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011; Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Xu, Chao/0000-0003-4417-3299; Nakonechnyi, Igor/0000-0003-3955-2833 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1775 EP 1783 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2019960 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WF UT WOS:000269154800014 ER PT J AU Fochuk, P Nykonyuk, Y Verzhak, Y Kopach, O Panchuk, O Bolotnikov, A James, RB AF Fochuk, Petro Nykonyuk, Yevhen Verzhak, Yevheniya Kopach, Oleh Panchuk, Oleg Bolotnikov, Aleksey James, Ralph B. TI Dopant Content and Thermal Treatment of Cd1-xZnx < In >: Effects on Point-Defect Structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE CdTe; cooling rate; Hall effect; point defects ID CDTE-IN; CRYSTALS; DETECTOR AB We measured, in the 873-1173 K temperature range, the temperature- and Cd vapor-pressure-dependences of the free electron density in single CdTe < In > crystals with different In contents. Increasing the cooling rate of the crystals and/or decreasing the well-defined Cd vapor pressure reduced the free-electron density. We interpreted and modelled these phenomena and the crystal's high-temperature electrical properties within the framework of Kroger's point-defect theory. Our experiments demonstrated the possibility of controlling the free-electron density in CdTe < In > crystals by changing the cooling rate. We supplemented a point-defect structural study of CZT < In > crystals by low-temperature (80-420 K) electrical measurements. These findings allowed us to identify the nature of the point defects responsible for free-carrier scattering, which is an important parameter influencing the mu tau-product value in detector-grade material. C1 [Fochuk, Petro; Verzhak, Yevheniya; Kopach, Oleh; Panchuk, Oleg] Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. [Nykonyuk, Yevhen] Natl Univ Water Management & Nat Resources Use, UA-33028 Rivne, Ukraine. [Bolotnikov, Aleksey; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fochuk, P (reprint author), Chernivtsi Natl Univ, UA-58012 Chernovtsy, Ukraine. EM p.fochuk@chnu.edu.ua; semirivne@mail.ru; bolotnik@bnl.gov; rjames@bnl.gov RI Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Panchuk, Oleg/C-1764-2017; Kopach, Oleh/C-3993-2017 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Panchuk, Oleg/0000-0003-3906-1858; Kopach, Oleh/0000-0002-1513-5261 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1784 EP 1790 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2021185 PN 1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WF UT WOS:000269154800015 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Buchner, S Marshall, P Duzellier, S Brown, D Poivey, C Pease, R Girard, S AF Schwank, James R. Buchner, Stephen Marshall, Paul Duzellier, Sophie Brown, Dennis Poivey, Christian Pease, Ron Girard, Sylvain TI SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE 2008 RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS (RADECS) WORKSHOP, Jyvaskyla, Finland, September 10-12, 2008 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Schwank, James R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Poivey, Christian] ESA, Estec, F-75738 Paris 15, France. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 1891 EP 1891 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2025846 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WG UT WOS:000269154900002 ER PT J AU Ferlet-Cavrois, V McMorrow, D Kobayashi, D Fel, N Melinger, JS Schwank, JR Gaillardin, M Pouget, V Essely, F Baggio, J Girard, S Flament, O Paillet, P Flores, RS Dodd, PE Shaneyfelt, MR Hirose, K Saito, H AF Ferlet-Cavrois, V. McMorrow, D. Kobayashi, D. Fel, N. Melinger, J. S. Schwank, J. R. Gaillardin, M. Pouget, V. Essely, F. Baggio, J. Girard, S. Flament, O. Paillet, P. Flores, R. S. Dodd, P. E. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Hirose, K. Saito, H. TI A New Technique for SET Pulse Width Measurement in Chains of Inverters Using Pulsed Laser Irradiation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Workshop on Radiation Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND HO Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys DE Chains of inverters; pulsed laser irradiation; SET width; single event transient ID SINGLE-EVENT TRANSIENTS; PROPAGATION; LOGIC; CMOS; SOI; CIRCUITS AB A new technique is developed to measure precisely and accurately the width of propagating voltage transients induced by irradiation of inverter chains. The technique is based on measurement of the supply current in a detection inverter, and permits a direct determination of the transient width with a 50 GHz bandwidth. C1 [Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Fel, N.; Gaillardin, M.; Baggio, J.; Girard, S.; Flament, O.; Paillet, P.] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [McMorrow, D.; Melinger, J. S.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Kobayashi, D.; Hirose, K.; Saito, H.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Pouget, V.; Essely, F.] Univ Bordeaux 1, CNRS, UMR 5218, IMS Lab, F-33405 Talence, France. [Schwank, J. R.; Flores, R. S.; Dodd, P. E.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ferlet-Cavrois, V (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. RI GIRARD, Sylvain/A-7981-2013 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2014 EP 2020 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2017374 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WG UT WOS:000269154900020 ER PT J AU Tuominen, E Anbinderis, P Anbinderis, T Bates, R de Boer, W Borchi, E Bruzzi, M Buttar, C Chen, W Cindro, V Czellar, S Dierlamm, A Eremin, V Gaubas, E Harkonen, J Heijne, E Ilyashenko, I Kalesinskas, V Kortelainen, MJ Lampen, T Li, Z Luukka, P Mandic, I Menichelli, D Mikuz, M Militaru, O Mueller, S Maenpaa, T Niinikoski, TO O'Shea, V Parkes, C Piotrzkowski, K Pirollo, S Pusa, P Raisanen, J Tuovinen, E Vaitkus, J Verbitskaya, E Vayrynen, S Zavrtanik, M AF Tuominen, E. Anbinderis, P. Anbinderis, T. Bates, R. de Boer, W. Borchi, E. Bruzzi, M. Buttar, C. Chen, W. Cindro, V. Czellar, S. Dierlamm, A. Eremin, V. Gaubas, E. Harkonen, J. Heijne, E. Ilyashenko, I. Kalesinskas, V. Kortelainen, M. J. Lampen, T. Li, Z. Luukka, P. Mandic, I. Menichelli, D. Mikuz, M. Militaru, O. Mueller, S. Maenpaa, T. Niinikoski, T. O. O'Shea, V. Parkes, C. Piotrzkowski, K. Pirollo, S. Pusa, P. Raisanen, J. Tuovinen, E. Vaitkus, J. Verbitskaya, E. Vayrynen, S. Zavrtanik, M. TI Recent Progress in CERN RD39: Radiation Hard Cryogenic Silicon Detectors for Applications in LHC Experiments and Their Future Upgrades SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Workshop on Radiation Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND HO Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys DE Cryogenic; current injected detector; radiation hard; silicon detector; transient current technique ID ELECTRIC-FIELD DISTRIBUTION; N-JUNCTION DETECTORS; IRRADIATED SILICON; TEMPERATURES; PARTICLES; EFF AB CERN RD39 Collaboration develops radiation-hard cryogenic silicon detectors. Recently, we have demonstrated improved radiation hardness in novel Current Injected Detectors (CID). For detector characterization, we have applied cryogenic Transient Current Technique (C-TCT). In beam tests, heavily irradiated CID detector showed capability for particle detection. Our results show that the CID detectors are operational at the temperature -50 degrees C after the fluence of 1 x 10(16) MeV neutron equivalent/cm(2). C1 [Tuominen, E.; Czellar, S.; Harkonen, J.; Kortelainen, M. J.; Lampen, T.; Luukka, P.; Maenpaa, T.; Tuovinen, E.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Anbinderis, P.; Anbinderis, T.; Gaubas, E.; Kalesinskas, V.; Vaitkus, J.] Univ Vilnius, Inst Mat Sci & Appl Res, LT-2040 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Bates, R.; Buttar, C.; O'Shea, V.; Parkes, C.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [de Boer, W.; Dierlamm, A.; Mueller, S.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IEKP, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafe, Germany. [Borchi, E.; Bruzzi, M.; Menichelli, D.; Pirollo, S.] Univ Florence, Dipartimento Energet, I-50139 Florence, Italy. [Chen, W.; Li, Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cindro, V.; Mandic, I.; Mikuz, M.; Zavrtanik, M.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Expt Particle Phys Dept, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Eremin, V.; Ilyashenko, I.; Verbitskaya, E.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Physicotech Inst, St Petersburg 196140, Russia. [Heijne, E.; Niinikoski, T. O.] CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Militaru, O.; Piotrzkowski, K.] Univ Catholique Louvain, FYNU, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Pusa, P.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. [Raisanen, J.; Vayrynen, S.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div Mat Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Tuominen, E (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Inst Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM eija.tuominen@helsinki.fi RI Buttar, Craig/D-3706-2011; O'Shea, Val/G-1279-2010; Verbitskaya, Elena/D-1521-2014; Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017 OI O'Shea, Val/0000-0001-7183-1205; Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2119 EP 2123 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2013950 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WG UT WOS:000269154900034 ER PT J AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Dodd, PE Felix, JA Baggio, J Ferlet-Cavrois, V Paillet, P Label, KA Pease, RL Simons, M Cohn, LM AF Schwank, J. R. Shaneyfelt, M. R. Dodd, P. E. Felix, J. A. Baggio, J. Ferlet-Cavrois, V. Paillet, P. LaBel, K. A. Pease, R. L. Simons, M. Cohn, L. M. TI Hardness Assurance Test Guideline for Qualifying Devices for Use in Proton Environments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Workshop on Radiation Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND HO Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys DE Integrated circuit reliability; integrated circuit testing; radiation effects; radiation hardening (electronics); radiation response; single event upset; single event latchup; single event effects; proton testing ID SINGLE-EVENT LATCHUP; CMOS SRAMS; DEPENDENCE; ENERGY; UPSET; SENSITIVITY; SPACE AB Proton-induced single-event effects hardness assurance guidelines are developed to address issues raised by recent test results in advanced IC technologies for use in space environments. Specifically, guidelines are developed that address the effects of proton energy and angle of incidence on single-event latchup and the effects of total dose on single-event upset. The guidelines address both single-event upset (SEU), single-event latchup (SEL), and combined SEU and total ionizing dose (TID) effects. C1 [Schwank, J. R.; Shaneyfelt, M. R.; Dodd, P. E.; Felix, J. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Baggio, J.; Ferlet-Cavrois, V.; Paillet, P.] CEA DIF, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. [LaBel, K. A.] NASA NEPP, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Pease, R. L.] RLP Res, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. [Simons, M.] RTI, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Cohn, L. M.] DTRA, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM schwanjr@sandia.gov NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2171 EP 2178 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2013239 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WG UT WOS:000269154900042 ER PT J AU Bourdarie, S Sicard-Piet, A Friedel, R O'Brien, TP Cayton, T Blake, B Boscher, D Lazaro, D AF Bourdarie, S. Sicard-Piet, A. Friedel, R. O'Brien, T. P. Cayton, T. Blake, B. Boscher, D. Lazaro, D. TI Outer Electron Belt Specification Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Workshop on Radiation Effects on Components and Systems CY SEP 10-12, 2008 CL Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Jyvaskyla, FINLAND HO Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys DE Space radiation environments; space radiation models ID SOLAR MINIMUM AB Data assimilation techniques have already been developed and have shown to provide "the best" estimate of the state of the electron radiation belts. Data assimilation proceeds in analysis cycles-in each analysis cycle, observations of the current (and possibly past) state of a system are combined with the results from a mathematical model (the forecast) to produce an analysis, which is considered as the best estimate of the current state of the system. In this paper, such an analysis has been performed from January 1990 to December 2006 and has produced full electron radiation belt state every 20 min. Then, based on this 17 year run, a new outer electron belt specification model is developed: we perform a data synthesis to deduce a yearly average electron belt state over a full solar cycle. Lastly, this new specification model for the Earth's radiation belt is compared to existing specification models. C1 [Bourdarie, S.; Sicard-Piet, A.; Boscher, D.; Lazaro, D.] Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Environm Spatial, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Friedel, R.; Cayton, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [O'Brien, T. P.] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Blake, B.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Bourdarie, S (reprint author), Off Natl Etud & Rech Aerosp, Dept Environm Spatial, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM Sebastien.Bour-darie@onera.fr; Angelica.Sicard@onera.fr; friedel@lanl.gov; Paul.OBrien@aero.org; tcayton@lanl.gov; JBernard.Blake@aero.org; Daniel.Boscher@onera.fr; Didier.Lazaro@onera.fr RI Friedel, Reiner/D-1410-2012 OI Friedel, Reiner/0000-0002-5228-0281 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2251 EP 2257 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2014844 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WG UT WOS:000269154900055 ER PT J AU Karpius, PJ Vo, D Bacrania, M Beall, J Bennett, D Doriese, RW Hilton, G Hoover, A Horansky, R Irwin, K Rabin, M Reintsema, C Rudy, C Ullom, JN Vale, L AF Karpius, Pete J. Vo, Duc Bacrania, Minesh Beall, James Bennett, Douglas Doriese, Randy W. Hilton, Gene Hoover, Andrew Horansky, Robert Irwin, Kent Rabin, Michael Reintsema, Carl Rudy, Cliff Ullom, J. N. Vale, Leila TI A First Application of the FRAM Isotopic Analysis Code to High-Resolution Microcalorimetry Gamma-Ray Spectra SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma rays; gamma-ray spectroscopy; microcalorimetry; plutonium ID ARRAYS AB Gamma-ray spectrometry systems based on High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) have been the long-standing leader in terms of resolution since their introduction many years ago. The application of this technology to the spectroscopic assay of special nuclear material led to the development of several isotopic analysis tools, including the advanced software package FRAM, which was, and continues to be, developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Although FRAM can be applied over a wide range of energies, the significantly higher intensity of the x-ray region in the neighborhood of 100 keV makes analysis of this area of the spectrum advantageous, especially in the case of plutonium. However, even with HPGe, the multitude of gamma-ray and x-ray peaks that exist in the 100-keV region are sufficiently convoluted so as to preclude determination of plutonium isotopic composition without the introduction of some error. The novel technology of cryogenic microcalorimeter detectors, shown to have an order of magnitude better spectral resolution than HPGe, has recently opened new doors with respect to these difficulties. Now, for the first time, the powerful capabilities of FRAM have been paired with the unparalleled resolution of microcalorimetry in the analysis of plutonium spectra. Preliminary results of these analyses, as well as an outlook for future measurements, heretofore unobtainable with HPGe, will be presented. C1 [Karpius, Pete J.; Vo, Duc; Bacrania, Minesh; Hoover, Andrew; Rabin, Michael; Rudy, Cliff] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Beall, James; Bennett, Douglas; Doriese, Randy W.; Hilton, Gene; Horansky, Robert; Irwin, Kent; Reintsema, Carl; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, Leila] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Karpius, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM karpius@lanl.gov RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Departments of Energy [DOE/NNSA/NA-22/LANL/PDP]; Commerce (DOC/NIST/ EEEL/Director's Reserve); U.S. Intelligence Community FX Manuscript received June 26, 2008; revised March 10, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Departments of Energy (DOE/NNSA/NA-22/LANL/PDP) and Commerce (DOC/NIST/ EEEL/Director's Reserve) and a U.S. Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Fellowship (RDH). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2284 EP 2289 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022938 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000004 ER PT J AU Hoover, AS Bacrania, MK Karpius, PJ Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Vo, DT Beall, JA Doriese, WB Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Hoover, Andrew S. Bacrania, Minesh K. Karpius, Pete J. Rabin, Michael W. Rudy, Cliff R. Vo, Duc T. Beall, James A. Doriese, William B. Hilton, Gene C. Horansky, Robert D. Irwin, Kent D. Ullom, Joel N. Vale, Leila R. TI Application of GEANT4 to the Simulation of High Energy-Resolution Microcalorimeter Detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma-ray; microcalorimeter; Monte Carlo; simulation ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS; ARRAYS AB GEANT4 is a versatile Monte Carlo code for simulating the interactions of radiation with matter. GEANT4 has proven to be an effective toolkit for the simulation of a wide variety of detectors. We are interested in the application of GEANT4 to a new type of sensor technology being developed for X-ray and gamma-ray measurements. Microcalorimeter detectors based on transition-edge sensors coupled to bulk absorbers are an emerging technology for hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray measurements with unprecedented energy resolution. In this work, we assess the ability of the GEANT4 electromagnetic physics package to reproduce measured microcalorimeter data. We also use the simulations to explore the design space of absorber materials and cryostat design. C1 [Hoover, Andrew S.; Bacrania, Minesh K.; Karpius, Pete J.; Rabin, Michael W.; Rudy, Cliff R.; Vo, Duc T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beall, James A.; Doriese, William B.; Hilton, Gene C.; Horansky, Robert D.; Irwin, Kent D.; Ullom, Joel N.; Vale, Leila R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hoover, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2294 EP 2298 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022160 PN 3 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000006 ER PT J AU Bacrania, MK Hoover, AS Karpius, PJ Rabin, MW Rudy, CR Vo, DT Beall, JA Bennett, DA Doriese, WB Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Jethava, N Sassi, E Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Bacrania, M. K. Hoover, A. S. Karpius, P. J. Rabin, M. W. Rudy, C. R. Vo, D. T. Beall, J. A. Bennett, D. A. Doriese, W. B. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Jethava, N. Sassi, E. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Large-Area Microcalorimeter Detectors for Ultra-High-Resolution X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Detectors; Pixel; Arrays; Multiplexing; Energy resolution; Next generation networking; Semiconductor device measurement AB We discuss recent developments in using cryogenic microcalorimeter detectors for x- and gamma-ray spectroscopy. We are currently operating a detector array consisting of thirteen pixels with time-domain multiplexed readout. With a single pixel from this detector, we have measured 97.43-keV gamma rays from 153-Gd with 22-eV resolution (FWHM). We have also made the first multiplexed array measurements of plutonium x-and gamma-rays with 45-eV resolution. We are currently testing a 66-pixel next-generation detector chip. Preliminary measurements with the new detector indicate improved energy linearity and single-pixel energy resolution of 50-100 eV at 100 keV. We present preliminary calibration data from this chip, and a high-statistics multiplexed 21-pixel spectrum of the Pu x-ray region between 90 and 130 keV. C1 [Bacrania, M. K.; Hoover, A. S.; Karpius, P. J.; Rabin, M. W.; Rudy, C. R.; Vo, D. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Beall, J. A.; Bennett, D. A.; Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Jethava, N.; Sassi, E.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bacrania, MK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2299 EP 2302 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022754 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000007 ER PT J AU Hung, WC Chang, YH Lin, CH Boggs, SE Chang, HK Bandstra, MS Bellm, EC Chiu, JL Liang, JS Liu, ZK Perez-Becker, D Wunderer, CB Zoglauer, A Huang, MH Amman, M Luke, PN AF Hung, Wei-Che Chang, Yuan-Hann Lin, Chih-Hsun Boggs, Steven E. Chang, Hsiang-Kuang Bandstra, Mark S. Bellm, Eric C. Chiu, Jeng-Lun Liang, Jau-Shian Liu, Zong-Kai Perez-Becker, Daniel Wunderer, Cornelia B. Zoglauer, Andreas Huang, Ming-Huey Amman, Mark Luke, Paul N. TI The Data Readout System of the Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Gamma rays; gamma-ray astronomy; gamma-ray astronomy detectors; gamma-ray detectors AB The Nuclear Compton Telescope (NCT) is a balloon-borne telescope based on the 3D-positioning germanium detectors. It is designed to study astrophysical sources of gamma-ray emission in the energy range of 0.2 MeV to 10 MeV. The data readout system of NCT is designed to amplify, digitize and collect signals from a germanium detector according to a certain trigger scheme. It also has an interface to the NCT flight computer to receive commands and transfer data. This paper contains the design and the scientific test result of the readout system. C1 [Hung, Wei-Che; Chang, Yuan-Hann; Liu, Zong-Kai] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan. [Lin, Chih-Hsun] Natl Space Org NSPO, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. [Boggs, Steven E.; Bandstra, Mark S.; Bellm, Eric C.; Perez-Becker, Daniel; Wunderer, Cornelia B.; Zoglauer, Andreas] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chang, Hsiang-Kuang; Chiu, Jeng-Lun; Liang, Jau-Shian] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Huang, Ming-Huey] Natl United Univ, Dept Energy & Resources, Taipei, Taiwan. [Amman, Mark; Luke, Paul N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hung, WC (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Tao Yuan 32001, Taiwan. EM wolfmib@hepsrv.phy.ncu.edu.tw RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015; OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224; Bellm, Eric/0000-0001-8018-5348 FU NASA [NNG04WC38G]; National Space Organization (NSPO) in Taiwan [96-NSPO(B)-SP-FA04-01] FX Manuscript received June 30, 2008; revised February 19, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. The NCT project is funded by NASA under Grant NNG04WC38G for the NCT-US team and by the National Space Organization (NSPO) in Taiwan under Grant 96-NSPO(B)-SP-FA04-01 for NCT-Taiwan team. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2303 EP 2308 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022624 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000008 ER PT J AU Bizarri, G Cherepy, NJ Choong, WS Hull, G Moses, WW Payne, SA Singh, J Valentine, JD Vasilev, AN Williams, RT AF Bizarri, G. Cherepy, N. J. Choong, W. S. Hull, G. Moses, W. W. Payne, S. A. Singh, J. Valentine, J. D. Vasilev, A. N. Williams, R. T. TI Progress in Studying Scintillator Proportionality: Phenomenological Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger process; density; NaI:Tl; proportionalityp; scintillation mechanism; scintillator ID ALKALI-HALIDE CRYSTALS; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; MEAN FREE PATHS; RECOMBINATION LUMINESCENCE; CHARGED PARTICLES; RESOLUTION; NAI(TL); SEMICONDUCTORS; FACILITY; CENTERS AB We present a model to describe the origin of non-proportional dependence of scintillator light yield on the energy of an ionizing particle. The non-proportionality is discussed in terms of energy relaxation channels and their linear and non-linear dependences on the deposited energy. In this approach, the scintillation response is described as a function of the deposited energy deposition and the kinetic rates of each relaxation channel. This mathematical framework allows both a qualitative interpretation and a quantitative fitting representation of scintillation non-proportionality response as function of kinetic rates. This method was successfully applied to thallium doped sodium iodide measured with SLYNCI, a new facility using the Compton coincidence technique. Finally, attention is given to the physical meaning of the dominant relaxation channels, and to the potential causes responsible for the scintillation non-proportionality. We find that thallium doped sodium iodide behaves as if non-proportionality is due to competition between radiative recombinations and non-radiative Auger processes. C1 [Bizarri, G.; Choong, W. S.; Moses, W. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cherepy, N. J.; Hull, G.; Payne, S. A.; Valentine, J. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Singh, J.] Charles Darwin Univ, Fac Educ Hlth & Sci, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Vasilev, A. N.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Williams, R. T.] Wake Forest Univ, Dept Phys, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Bizarri, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gabizarri@lbl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013; Vasil'ev, Andrey/E-4350-2012 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X; Vasil'ev, Andrey/0000-0002-7493-7619 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NNSA [LB06-316-PD05/NN2001000] FX Manuscript received July 11, 2008; revised December 01, 2008 and March 20, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. This work was supported by the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office in the Department of Homeland Security and by the National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development (NA-22) of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, Grant NNSA LB06-316-PD05/NN2001000. NR 36 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2313 EP 2320 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2022625 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000010 ER PT J AU Junnarkar, SS O'Connor, P Vaska, P Fontaine, R AF Junnarkar, Sachin S. O'Connor, Paul Vaska, Paul Fontaine, Rejean TI FPGA-Based Self-Calibrating Time-to-Digital Converter for Time-of-Flight Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FPGA; ring oscillator; self-calibration; TDC; TOF ID NEXT-GENERATION; SYSTEM; PET AB We describe the architecture of a FPGA-based self-calibrating Time to Digital Converter (TDC), specifically intended to measure the width of an input pulse. The configuration consists of two controllable ring oscillators with a very small difference in their frequencies, wherein this difference determines the achievable resolution. The calibration scheme relies on an accurate pulse-generator or external crystal-oscillator to provide a stable calibration pulse for the system. We implemented the TDC on an Altera Stratix II device where we measured a Least Significant Bit of 41 ps (an RMS resolution of 11.8 ps). We present details of the methods used to calibrate the TDC, the characterization process, and discuss the effects of variations in temperature and voltage. C1 [Junnarkar, Sachin S.; O'Connor, Paul; Vaska, Paul] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fontaine, Rejean] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Junnarkar, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sachin@bnl.gov; poc@bnl.gov; vaska@bnl.gov; rejean.fontaine@usherbrooke.ca FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Manuscript received February 19, 2009; revised May 07, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. This work was supported under a grant from the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research and DOE Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2374 EP 2379 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2025180 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000017 ER PT J AU Wang, GB Schultz, L Qi, JY AF Wang, Guobao Schultz, Larry Qi, Jinyi TI Statistical Image Reconstruction for Muon Tomography Using a Gaussian Scale Mixture Model SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Bayesian estimation; Gaussian scale mixture; image reconstruction; minorization maximization; muon tomography; ROC analysis ID COSMIC-RAY MUONS; WAVELET DOMAIN; SCATTERING AB Muon tomography is a novel imaging technique that uses background cosmic radiation to inspect vehicles or cargo containers for detecting the transportation or smuggling of heavy nuclear materials. Empirically, muon scattering data are modeled as zero-mean Gaussian random variables with variance being a function of the atom number and density of the scattering material. However, a single Gaussian distribution cannot model the tail of the true distribution and hence results in noisy reconstructed images. In this paper, we propose a Gaussian scale mixture (GSM) to approximate the true distribution of muon data. The GSM follows the true distribution more closely than a single Gaussian model. We have derived a maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction algorithm based on the GSM likelihood. Localization receiver operating characteristics (LROC) studies were performed using computer simulated data to evaluate the new algorithm. The results show that the use of GSM improves the detection performance significantly over that of the traditional Gaussian likelihood. C1 [Wang, Guobao; Qi, Jinyi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schultz, Larry] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM qi@ucdavis.edu RI Qi, Jinyi/A-1768-2010; Wang, Guobao/F-1771-2010 OI Qi, Jinyi/0000-0002-5428-0322; FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG52-06NA27495] FX Manuscript received January 22, 2009; revised April 08, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant DE-FG52-06NA27495. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9499 EI 1558-1578 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2480 EP 2486 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2023518 PN 3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000031 ER PT J AU Nagarkar, VV Penumadu, D Shestakova, I Thacker, SC Miller, SR Ankner, JF Bilheux, HZ Halbert, CE AF Nagarkar, Vivek V. Penumadu, Dayakar Shestakova, Irina Thacker, Samta C. Miller, Stuart R. Ankner, John F. Bilheux, Hassina Z. Halbert, Candice E. TI Time-Resolved High Resolution Neutron Imaging Studies at the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE EMCCD; neutron detectors ID CCD-BASED DETECTOR; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION AB Our evaluation of a high-resolution digital imaging detector capable of providing millisecond time resolution and high sensitivity for neutrons is presented. This detector is a modified version of the high-resolution gamma-ray imager developed previously at Radiation Monitoring Devices, Inc. (RMD, Inc.), and consists of an Electron Multiplying Charge Coupled Device (EMCCD) attached to a neutron-sensitive scintillator via a fiberoptic taper. By virtue of its internal gain, the EMCCD permits high speed readout without introducing additional noise, thereby enabling high frame rate operation with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Detector sensitivity is enhanced through the use of a back-thinned EMCCD, which provides high quantum efficiency over a typical emission range for many neutron-sensitive scintillators. Preliminary evaluations conducted at the Liquids Reflectometer beam port of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) demonstrate that this new detector has the sensitivity to detect individual neutrons and the acquisition speed to perform energy-selective imaging with a temporal resolution of milliseconds. While substantial improvements in timing and imaging performance are planned, this prototype detector has already generated the first ever images of the SNS Liquids Reflectometer beam profile and was also used to demonstrate a technique for obtaining Bragg edge transmission imaging using energy-selective neutrons. The preliminary data, along with the detector design, evaluation, and planned developments are discussed in this paper. C1 [Nagarkar, Vivek V.; Shestakova, Irina; Thacker, Samta C.; Miller, Stuart R.] Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. [Penumadu, Dayakar] Univ Tennessee, CEE Dept, Joint Inst Adv Mat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ankner, John F.; Bilheux, Hassina Z.; Halbert, Candice E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nagarkar, VV (reprint author), Radiat Monitoring Devices Inc, Watertown, MA 02472 USA. EM Vnagarkar@rmdinc.com; dpenumad@utk.edu; Ishestakova@princeton.oilfield.slb.com; Sthacker@rmdinc.com; Smiller@rmdinc.com; anknerjf@ornl.gov; bilheuxhn@ornl.gov; halbertce@ornl.gov RI Bilheux, Hassina/H-4289-2012; OI Bilheux, Hassina/0000-0001-8574-2449; Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718 FU NSF [EECS-0833492]; Department of Energy SBIR [DE-FG02-06ER84434] FX Manuscript received November 26, 2007; revised November 11, 2008, February 18, 2009, and March 23, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. Dr. Penumadu's work was supported in part by NSF Grant EECS-0833492. Dr. Nagarkar's work was supported in part by Department of Energy SBIR Grant DE-FG02-06ER84434. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2493 EP 2498 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2024745 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000033 ER PT J AU Payne, SA Cherepy, NJ Hull, G Valentine, JD Moses, WW Choong, WS AF Payne, Stephen A. Cherepy, Nerine J. Hull, Giulia Valentine, John D. Moses, William W. Choong, Woon-Seng TI Nonproportionality of Scintillator Detectors: Theory and Experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nonproportionality; radiation detector; scintillators ID LIGHT YIELD NONPROPORTIONALITY; ENERGY-RESOLUTION; NON-PROPORTIONALITY; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; INORGANIC-SCINTILLATOR; CRYSTALS; PERFORMANCE; FACILITY; NAI(T1) AB On the basis of nonproportionality data obtained for several scintillators, we have developed a model to describe the carrier dynamics to fit the light yield versus electron energy. The theory of Onsager was adapted to explain how the carriers form excitons or sequentially arrive at the activators to promote the ion to an excited state, and the theory of Birks was employed to allow for exciton-exciton annihilation. We then developed a second model to deduce the degradation in resolution that results from nonproportionality by evoking Landau fluctuations, which are essentially variations in the deposited energy density that occur as the high energy electron travels along its trajectory. In general there is agreement with the data, in terms of fitting the nonproportionality curves and reproducing the literature values of nonproportionality's contribution to the scintillator resolution. C1 [Payne, Stephen A.; Cherepy, Nerine J.; Hull, Giulia; Valentine, John D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Moses, William W.; Choong, Woon-Seng] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Payne, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM payne3@llnl.gov; cherepy1@llnl.gov; giulia.hull@gmail.com; john.d.valentine@saic.com; wwmoses@lbl.gov; wschoong@lbl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X FU Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office; Department of Energy [NA-22]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX Manuscript received November 06, 2008; revised February 23, 2009. Current version published August 12, 2009. This work was supported by the Department of Homeland Security, Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (Alan Janos) and the Department of Energy, NA-22 (Robert Mayo). This work was performed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 34 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 4 BP 2506 EP 2512 DI 10.1109/TNS.2009.2023657 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485WH UT WOS:000269155000035 ER PT J AU Vydyanathan, N Krishnamoorthy, S Sabin, GM Catalyurek, UV Kurc, T Sadayappan, P Saltz, JH AF Vydyanathan, Naga Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Sabin, Gerald M. Catalyurek, Umit V. Kurc, Tahsin Sadayappan, Ponnuswamy Saltz, Joel H. TI An Integrated Approach to Locality-Conscious Processor Allocation and Scheduling of Mixed-Parallel Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Processor allocation; scheduling; mixed parallelism; data-flow graphs; locality-conscious scheduling ID TASK; MULTIPROCESSORS; ALGORITHMS AB Complex parallel applications can often be modeled as directed acyclic graphs of coarse-grained application tasks with dependences. These applications exhibit both task and data parallelism, and combining these two ( also called mixed parallelism) has been shown to be an effective model for their execution. In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute the appropriate mix of task and data parallelism required to minimize the parallel completion time (makespan) of these applications. In other words, our algorithm determines the set of tasks that should be run concurrently and the number of processors to be allocated to each task. The processor allocation and scheduling decisions are made in an integrated manner and are based on several factors such as the structure of the task graph, the runtime estimates and scalability characteristics of the tasks, and the intertask data communication volumes. A locality-conscious scheduling strategy is used to improve intertask data reuse. Evaluation through simulations and actual executions of task graphs derived from real applications and synthetic graphs shows that our algorithm consistently generates schedules with a lower makespan as compared to Critical Path Reduction (CPR) and Critical Path and Allocation (CPA), two previously proposed scheduling algorithms. Our algorithm also produces schedules that have a lower makespan than pure task- and data-parallel schedules. For task graphs with known optimal schedules or lower bounds on the makespan, our algorithm generates schedules that are closer to the optima than other scheduling approaches. C1 [Vydyanathan, Naga] Siemens Corp Technol, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India. [Krishnamoorthy, Sriram] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sabin, Gerald M.] RNET Technol Inc, Dayton, OH 45459 USA. [Catalyurek, Umit V.; Kurc, Tahsin; Saltz, Joel H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Catalyurek, Umit V.; Sadayappan, Ponnuswamy; Saltz, Joel H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Vydyanathan, N (reprint author), Siemens Corp Technol, India 84,Hosur Rd, Bangalore 560100, Karnataka, India. EM nagavijayalakshmi.vydyanathan@siemens.com; sriram@pnl.gov; gsabin@rnet-tech.com; umit@bmi.osu.edu; kurc@bmi.osu.edu; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu RI Catalyurek, Umit/A-2454-2008 OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [CCF-0342615, CNS-0403342, CNS-0643969] FX This research was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants CCF-0342615, CNS-0403342, and CNS-0643969. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1045-9219 EI 1558-2183 J9 IEEE T PARALL DISTR JI IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1158 EP 1172 DI 10.1109/TPDS.2008.219 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 458UO UT WOS:000267050700007 ER PT J AU Tanaka, Y Ikeda, Y Hanada, M Kobayashi, K Kamada, M Kisaki, M Akino, N Yamano, Y Kobayashi, S Grisham, LR AF Tanaka, Yutaka Ikeda, Yoshitaka Hanada, Masaya Kobayashi, Kaoru Kamada, Masaki Kisaki, Masashi Akino, Noboru Yamano, Yasushi Kobayashi, Shinichi Grisham, Larry R. TI Energy Spectra of Bremsstrahlung X-Rays Emitted From an FRP Insulator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Univ Politehn, Bucharest, ROMANIA SP ABB AG, Toshiba Corp, IEEE, ICPE, ICPE CA, UAIC, INOE, IEEE DEIS HO Univ Politehn DE Electrodes; flashover; vacuum insulation; X-ray measurement AB Energy spectra of X-rays emitted from the surface of a fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) insulator were measured at three different positions and compared with those of the vacuum gap between electrodes. Near the anode, the X-ray spectrum was dominated by monoenergetic electrons. Near the cathode, the spectrum peak shifted to low energy as compared with that near the anode. This result showed that a large amount of low-energy electrons was generated on the surface of the FRP insulator near the cathode. C1 [Tanaka, Yutaka; Ikeda, Yoshitaka; Hanada, Masaya; Kobayashi, Kaoru; Kamada, Masaki; Akino, Noboru] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Kisaki, Masashi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Yamano, Yasushi; Kobayashi, Shinichi] Saitama Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Saitama 3388570, Japan. [Grisham, Larry R.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Tanaka, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. EM tanaka.yutaka@jaea.go.jp NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1495 EP 1498 DI 10.1109/TPS.2009.2020402 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 481PA UT WOS:000268822500024 ER PT J AU Nutaro, J Protopopescu, V AF Nutaro, James Protopopescu, Vladimir TI The Impact of Market Clearing Time and Price Signal Delay on the Stability of Electric Power Markets SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE power system communication; power system control; power system dynamic stability; power system economics; power system modeling; power system stability AB We generalize a model, proposed by Alvarado, of the electric power market by including the effects of control and communication. To simulate realistic markets, our model issues control signals only at given times and those signals are delayed during transmission. These two effects transform Alvarado's continuous system into a hybrid system, with consequential effects. The stability analysis of the new system reveals two important properties. First, there is an upper limit on the market clearing time and the delay of the price signal beyond which the system becomes unstable. Second, there is a counter-intuitive relationship between the market clearing time and price signal delay: when the market clearing time is relatively long, delaying the price signal can improve the market's stability while reducing the communication delay can destabilize the market. This counter-intuitive effect shows that the full impact of information technology on power markets can be significant and difficult to anticipate. Therefore, as markets are designed and regulated, careful attention should be paid to the effects of information technology on the market's dynamic behavior. C1 [Nutaro, James; Protopopescu, Vladimir] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nutaro, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nutarojj@ornl.gov; protopopesva@ornl.gov OI Nutaro, James/0000-0001-7360-2836 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 3 BP 1337 EP 1345 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2021211 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 474KQ UT WOS:000268282600024 ER PT J AU Ihlefeld, JF Tian, W Liu, ZK Doolittle, WA Bernhagen, M Reiche, P Uecker, R Ramesh, R Schlom, DG AF Ihlefeld, Jon F. Tian, Wei Liu, Zi-Kui Doolittle, W. Alan Bernhagen, Margitta Reiche, Peter Uecker, Reinhard Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Schlom, Darrell G. TI Adsorption-Controlled Growth of BiFeO3 by MBE and Integration with Wide Band Gap Semiconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 24-27, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DISLOCATIONS; POLARIZATION; BI4TI3O12; CRYSTAL; GAAS AB BiFeO3 thin films have been deposited on (001) SrTiO3, (101) DyScO3, (011) DyScO3, (0001) AlGaN/GaN, and (0001) 6H-SiC single crystal substrates by reactive molecular beam epitaxy in an adsorption-controlled growth regime. This is achieved by supplying a bismuth over-pressure and utilizing the differential vapor pressures between bismuth oxides and BiFeO3 to control stoichiometry in accordance with thermodynamic calculations. Four-circle x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal phase-pure, epitaxial films with rocking curve full width at half maximum values as narrow as 7.2 arc seconds (0.002 degrees). Epitaxial growth of (0001)-oriented BiFeO3 thin films on (0001) GaN, including AlGaN HEMT structures, and (0001) SiC has been realized using intervening epitaxial (111) SrTiO3 / (100) TiO2 buffer layers. The epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films have 2 in-plane orientations: [11 (2) over bar0] BiFeO3 parallel to [11 (2) over bar0] GaN (SiC) plus a twin variant related by a 180 degrees in-plane rotation. This epitaxial integration of the ferroelectric with the highest known polarization, BiFeO3. with high bandgap semiconductors is an important step toward novel field-effect devices. C1 [Ihlefeld, Jon F.; Tian, Wei; Schlom, Darrell G.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ihlefeld, Jon F.; Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramesh, Ramamoorthy] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Zi-Kui] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Doolittle, W. Alan] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Bernhagen, Margitta; Reiche, Peter; Uecker, Reinhard] Inst Crystal Growth, Berlin, Adlershof, Germany. RP Ihlefeld, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jihlefe@sandia.gov RI Ihlefeld, Jon/B-3117-2009; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013; Liu, Zi-Kui/A-8196-2009 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113; Liu, Zi-Kui/0000-0003-3346-3696 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 46 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 SI SI BP 1528 EP 1533 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1216 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 477XU UT WOS:000268553100005 PM 19686967 ER PT J AU Fouchet, A Wang, HY Yang, H Yoon, J Jia, QX MacManus-Driscoll, JL AF Fouchet, Arnaud Wang, Haiyan Yang, Hao Yoon, Jongsik Jia, Quanxi MacManus-Driscoll, Judith Louise TI Spontaneous Ordering, Strain Control, and Multifunctionality in Vertical Nanocomposite Heteroepitaxial Films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 24-27, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE ID ELASTIC-CONSTANTS; THIN-FILMS; OXIDE AB Two-phase nanocomposite heteroepitaxial films with vertical microstructures hold great promise for various (multi)functional (e.g., multiferroic) electronic device applications. With the aim of creating addressable arrays, it is necessary to form spontaneously ordered structures over large areas. However, such structures have not, so far, been demonstrated. We have recently produced remarkable spontaneously ordered phase assemblies and find that these structures form concomitantly with 2-D vertical strain control, i.e., strain in the 2 phases is controlled along the vertical interface between them rather than being influenced by the substrate. In this paper, we report on our findings in the BiFeO(3) and BaTiO(3) ferroelectric systems. C1 [Fouchet, Arnaud; MacManus-Driscoll, Judith Louise] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Wang, Haiyan; Yoon, Jongsik] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX USA. [Yang, Hao; Jia, Quanxi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST STC, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Fouchet, A (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM fouchetarnaud@yahoo.fr RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD AUG PY 2009 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1534 EP 1538 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2009.1217 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 477XU UT WOS:000268553100006 PM 19686968 ER PT J AU Mendell, MJ Mirer, AG AF Mendell, M. J. Mirer, A. G. TI Indoor thermal factors and symptoms in office workers: findings from the US EPA BASE study SO INDOOR AIR LA English DT Article DE Indoor environmental quality; Building-related symptoms; Temperature; Humidity; Thermal factors ID SICK BUILDING SYNDROME; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENT; HUMIDITY AB P>Some prior research in office buildings has associated higher indoor temperatures even within the recommended thermal comfort range with increased worker symptoms. We reexamined this relationship in data from 95 office buildings in the US Environmental Protection Agency's Building Assessment Survey and Evaluation Study. We investigated relationships between building-related symptoms and thermal metrics constructed from real-time measurements. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in adjusted logistic regression models with general estimating equations, overall and by season. Winter indoor temperatures spanned the recommended winter comfort range; summer temperatures were mostly colder than the recommended summer range. Increasing indoor temperatures, overall, were associated with increases in few symptoms. Higher winter indoor temperatures, however, were associated with increases in all symptoms analyzed. Higher summer temperatures, above 23 degrees C, were associated with decreases in most symptoms. Humidity ratio, a metric of absolute humidity, showed few clear associations. Thus, increased symptoms with higher temperatures within the thermal comfort range were found only in winter. In summer, buildings were overcooled, and only the higher observed temperatures were within the comfort range; these were associated with decreased symptoms. Confirmation of these findings would suggest that thermal management guidelines consider health effects as well as comfort, and that less conditioning of buildings in both winter and summer may have unexpected health benefits.Practical Implications In winter, higher temperatures within the thermal comfort range are common in US office buildings and may be associated with increased symptoms. In summer, temperatures below the thermal comfort range are common and may be associated with increased symptoms. Results from this large study thus suggest that in US office buildings, less winter heating (in buildings that are in heating mode) and less summer cooling may reduce acute symptoms while providing substantial energy conservation benefits, with no expected thermal comfort penalty and, in summer, even thermal comfort benefits. If confirmed, this would be welcome news. C1 [Mendell, M. J.; Mirer, A. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mendell, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-3058, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mjmendell@lbl.gov FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) [5 RO1 OH008117-02] FX This work was supported by grant 5 RO1 OH008117-02 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The BASE study was conducted and the data for these analyses were provided by the Indoor Environments Division, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, Office of Air and Radiation of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Its conclusions are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of CDC/NIOSH or of the US EPA. We thank William Fisk, David Lorenzetti, Hal Levin, and Greg Brunner for their helpful review of the draft manuscript, and Quanhong Gomez-Lei for initial work on the data analyses. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0905-6947 J9 INDOOR AIR JI Indoor Air PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00592.x PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471BZ UT WOS:000268029700003 PM 19302503 ER PT J AU Shi, L Chowdhury, SM Smallwood, HS Yoon, H Mottaz-Brewer, HM Norbeck, AD McDermott, JE Clauss, TRW Heffron, F Smith, RD Adkins, JN AF Shi, Liang Chowdhury, Saiful M. Smallwood, Heather S. Yoon, Hyunjin Mottaz-Brewer, Heather M. Norbeck, Angela D. McDermott, Jason E. Clauss, Therese R. W. Heffron, Fred Smith, Richard D. Adkins, Joshua N. TI Proteomic Investigation of the Time Course Responses of RAW 264.7 Macrophages to Infection with Salmonella enterica SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NADPH PHAGOCYTE OXIDASE; SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; IN-VIVO; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MICROARRAY; ABUNDANCE; IDENTIFICATION; LOCALIZATION AB To investigate the extent to which macrophages respond to Salmonella infection, we infected RAW 264.7 macrophages with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and analyzed macrophage proteins at various time points following infection by using a global proteomic approach. A total of 1,006 macrophage and 115 Salmonella proteins were identified with high confidence. Most of the Salmonella proteins were observed in the late stage of the infection time course, which is consistent with the fact that the bacterial cells proliferate inside RAW 264.7 macrophages. The peptide abundances of most of the identified macrophage proteins remained relatively constant over the time course of infection. Compared to those of the control, the peptide abundances of 244 macrophage proteins (i.e., 24% of the total identified macrophage proteins) changed significantly after infection. The functions of these Salmonella-affected macrophage proteins were diverse, including production of antibacterial nitric oxide (i.e., inducible nitric oxide synthase), production of prostaglandin H(2) (i.e., cyclooxygenase 2), and regulation of intracellular traffic (e.g., sorting nexin 5 [SNX5], SNX6, and SNX9). Diverse functions of the Salmonella-affected macrophage proteins demonstrate a global macrophage response to Salmonella infection. Western blot analysis not only confirmed the proteomic results for a selected set of proteins but also revealed that (i) the protein abundance of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase increased following macrophage infection, indicating an infection-induced oxidative stress in mitochondria, and (ii) in contrast to infection of macrophages by wild-type Salmonella, infection by the sopB deletion mutant had no negative impact on the abundance of SNX6, suggesting a role for SopB in regulating the abundance of SNX6. C1 [Shi, Liang; Chowdhury, Saiful M.; Smallwood, Heather S.; Mottaz-Brewer, Heather M.; Norbeck, Angela D.; McDermott, Jason E.; Clauss, Therese R. W.; Smith, Richard D.; Adkins, Joshua N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yoon, Hyunjin; Heffron, Fred] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97239 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Microbiol Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd,MSIN P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM liang.shi@pnl.gov; Joshua.Adkins@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; McDermott, Jason/0000-0003-2961-2572 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH/DHHS [Y1-AI4894-01, Y1-AI-8401-01]; National Center for Research Resources [RR 018522]; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to L. S. and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH/DHHS, through interagency agreements Y1-AI4894-01 and Y1-AI-8401-01.; This work used instrumentation and capabilities developed under support from the National Center for Research Resources (grant RR 018522 to R. D. S.) and the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Significant portions of this work were performed with EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research, located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by the Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 77 IS 8 BP 3227 EP 3233 DI 10.1128/IAI.00063-09 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 471ZX UT WOS:000268098400011 PM 19528222 ER PT J AU Korzekwa, DA AF Korzekwa, D. A. TI Truchas - a multi-physics tool for casting simulation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CAST METALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article CT 2nd International Conference on Advances in Solidification Process CY JUN 17-20, 2008 CL Graz, AUSTRIA SP Bohler Edelstahl GmbH & Co KG, Voestalpine Stahl GmbH DE Casting simulation; Parallel computing; Solidification processes ID DIFFUSION AB The Truchas code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory under the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. This open source multi-physics simulation software is designed to run in a scalable parallel computing environment. The capabilities of the code and numerical implementation are briefly described. The advantages and limitations of large three dimensional simulations will be discussed, and two example simulations are shown that demonstrate the utility of the fluid flow, heat transfer, phase change and solid mechanics capabilities. Validation of a code such as Truchas is a difficult task because of the complexity of the coupling between different physical phenomena being modelled and the poor understanding of phenomena such as heat transfer across interfaces. The challenges associated with verification and validation of complex simulation tools and integration into the design process are also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Korzekwa, DA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,Mail Stop G770, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM dak@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1364-0461 J9 INT J CAST METAL RES JI Int. J. Cast. Metals Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1-4 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1179/136404609X367641 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 475WP UT WOS:000268395500046 ER PT J AU Biner, SB Hu, SY AF Biner, S. B. Hu, S. Y. TI Simulation of damage evolution in discontinously reinforced metal matrix composites: a phase-field model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Virtual Fracture Testing of Composite Materials and Structures held at the 8th World Congress of Computational Mechanics CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2008 CL Venice, ITALY SP Int Assoc Computat Mech, Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech DE Metal matrix composites; Phase-field model; Damage; Simulation ID MICROELASTICITY THEORY; CRACKS; MICROSTRUCTURES; DUCTILITY; SOLIDS; GROWTH; VOIDS AB In this study, a phase-field model is introduced to model the damage evolution, due to particle cracking in reinforced composites in which matrix deformation is described by an elastic-plastic constitutive law exhibiting linear hardening behavior. In order to establish the viability of the algorithm, the simulations are carried out for crack extension from a square hole in isotropic elastic solid under the complex loading path, and composites having the same volume fraction of reinforcements with two different particle sizes. The observed cracking patterns and development of the stress-strain curves agree with the experimental observations and previous numerical studies. The algorithm offers significant advantages to describe the microstructure and topological changes associated with the damage evolution in comparison to conventional simulation algorithms, due to the absence of formal meshing. C1 [Biner, S. B.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hu, S. Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sbbiner@iastate.edu OI HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 158 IS 2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s10704-009-9351-6 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 484WF UT WOS:000269078900002 ER PT J AU Banerjee, A Andrews, MJ AF Banerjee, Arindam Andrews, Malcolm J. TI 3D Simulations to investigate initial condition effects on the growth of Rayleigh-Taylor mixing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Instabilities; Rayleigh-Taylor; ILES; Initial conditions ID NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; SUPERNOVAE; TRANSPORT; ENERGY; NUMBER; FLOW AB The effect of initial conditions on the growth rate of turbulent Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) mixing has been studied using carefully formulated numerical simulations. An implicit large-eddy simulation (ILES) that uses a finite-volume technique was employed to solve the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations with numerical dissipation. The initial conditions were chosen to test the dependence of the RT growth parameters (alpha(b), alpha(s)) on variations in (a) the spectral bandwidth, (b) the spectral shape, and (c) discrete banded spectra. our findings support the notion that the overall growth of the RT mixing is strongly dependent on initial conditions. Variation in spectral shapes and bandwidths are found to have a complex effect of the late time development of the RT mixing layer, and raise the question of whether we can design RT transition and turbulence based on our choice of initial conditions. In addition, our results provide a useful database for the initialization and development of closures describing RT transition and turbulence. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Banerjee, Arindam] Missouri S&T, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Andrews, Malcolm J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Banerjee, A (reprint author), Missouri S&T, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 213 Toomey Hall, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. EM banerjeea@mst.edu; mandrews@lanl.gov OI Banerjee, Arindam/0000-0002-1212-9704 FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [20090058] FX A.B. thank the Supercomputing facility at Missouri S&T (NIC Cluster) for permitting use of their computing resources. M.J.A. acknowledges the support of the Los Alamos National Laboratory through the LDRD-DR office and project 20090058. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 52 IS 17-18 BP 3906 EP 3917 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.03.032 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 469EI UT WOS:000267878100004 ER PT J AU Dongarra, J Tourancheau, B AF Dongarra, Jack Tourancheau, Bernard TI Special Issue dedicated to selected papers of the Workshop on Clusters and Computational Grids for Scientific Computing held at Highland Lake Inn at Flat Rock, North Carolina on September 14-17, 2008 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Tourancheau, Bernard] Univ Lyon, Lyon, France. RP Dongarra, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 23 IS 3 BP 195 EP 195 DI 10.1177/1094342009343130 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 471ZR UT WOS:000268097800001 ER PT J AU Papadias, DD Ahmeda, S Kumar, R Joseck, F AF Papadias, Dennis D. Ahmeda, Shabbir Kumar, Romesh Joseck, Fred TI Hydrogen quality for fuel cell vehicles - A modeling study of the sensitivity of impurity content in hydrogen to the process variables in the SMR-PSA pathway SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Distributed hydrogen production; Natural gas steam reforming; Pressure-swing adsorption; Hydrogen quality; Fuel cell vehicles; Cost analysis; Hydrogen economy ID PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE; PERFORMANCE; EQUILIBRIA; NITROGEN; PURIFICATION; SIMULATION; MIXTURES; TERNARY AB As fuel cell vehicles approach wide-scale deployment, the issue of the quality of hydrogen dispensed to the vehicles has become increasingly important. The various factors that must be considered include the effects of different contaminants on fuel cell performance and durability, the production and purification of hydrogen to meet fuel quality guidelines, and the associated costs of providing hydrogen of that quality to the fuel cell vehicles. In this paper, we describe the development of a model to track the formation and removal of several contaminants over the various steps of hydrogen production by steam-methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas, followed by purification by pressure-swing adsorption (PSA). We have used the model to evaluate the effects of setting varying levels of these contaminants in the product hydrogen on the production/purification efficiency, hydrogen recovery, and the cost of the hydrogen. The model can be used to track contaminants such as CO(2), CO, N(2), CH(4), and H(2)S in the process. The results indicate that a suggested specification of 0.2 ppm CO would limit the maximum hydrogen recovery from the PSA under typical design and operating conditions. The steam-to-carbon ratio and the process pressure are found to have a significant impact on the process efficiency. Varying the CO specification from 0.1 to 1 ppm is not expected to affect the cost of hydrogen significantly, although the cost of gas analysis to comply with such stringent requirements may add 210 cents/kg to the cost of hydrogen. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Papadias, Dennis D.; Ahmeda, Shabbir; Kumar, Romesh] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Joseck, Fred] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Papadias, DD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, BLG 205,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM papadias@anl.gov FU Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program of the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency; UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 15 BP 6021 EP 6035 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.026 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 491ES UT WOS:000269561000002 ER PT J AU Gorensek, MB Staser, JA Stanford, TG Weidner, JW AF Gorensek, Maximilian B. Staser, John A. Stanford, Thomas G. Weidner, John W. TI A thermodynamic analysis of the SO2/H2SO4 system in SO2-depolarized electrolysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hybrid sulfur; Hydrogen; SO2-depolarized; Electrolyzer; Aspen Plus; Aspen-OLI; Mixed solvent electrolyte model; Reversible potential; SO2 solubility; Sulfuric acid ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; PEM ELECTROLYZER; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; HYBRID CYCLE; ACID; WATER; EQUILIBRIA; SO2 AB The hybrid sulfur thermochemical cycle has been proposed as a means to produce efficiently massive quantities of clean hydrogen using a high-temperature heat source like nuclear or solar. The cycle consists of two steps, one of which is electrolytic. The reversible cell potential for this step and, hence, the resulting operating potential will depend on the concentrations of dissolved SO2 and sulfuric acid at the electrode. To understand better how these are related as functions of temperature and pressure, an Aspen Plus phase equilibrium model using the OLI Mixed Solvent Electrolyte physical properties method was employed to determine the activities of the species present in the system. These activities used in conjunction with the Nernst equation to determine the reversible cell as a function of sulfuric acid concentration, temperature and pressure. A significant difference between the reversible and actual cell potentials was found, suggesting that there may be considerable room for reducing the operating potential. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gorensek, Maximilian B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Computat Sci Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Staser, John A.; Stanford, Thomas G.; Weidner, John W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Gorensek, MB (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Computat Sci Directorate, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM maximilian.gorensek@srnl.doe.gov RI Gorensek, Maximilian/B-5298-2012; OI Gorensek, Maximilian/0000-0002-4322-9062; Weidner, John/0000-0002-3928-9740 FU US Department of Energy [DE-A C09-08SR22470]; NHI program FX This work was performed under US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-A C09-08SR22470. Funding was provided by DOE-NE under the NHI program. Mr. Carl Sink was NHI program manager and Dr. Stephen Kung was program manager for thermochernical cycles. This work was part of the HyS cycle process development effort at Savannah River National Laboratory for which Dr. William A. Summers was Principal Investigator. NR 23 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 15 BP 6089 EP 6095 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.020 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 491ES UT WOS:000269561000008 ER PT J AU Lalaurette, E Thammannagowda, S Mohagheghi, A Maness, PC Logan, BE AF Lalaurette, Elodie Thammannagowda, Shivegowda Mohagheghi, Ali Maness, Pin-Ching Logan, Bruce E. TI Hydrogen production from cellulose in a two-stage process combining fermentation and electrohydrogenesis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Biohydrogen; Microbial; Electrolysis cell; Fermentation; Lignocellulose ID MICROBIAL ELECTROLYSIS CELLS; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION; BIOCATALYZED ELECTROLYSIS; ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION; CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; WASTE MATERIALS; CORN STOVER; FUEL-CELLS; PERFORMANCE AB A two-stage dark-fermentation and electrohydrogenesis process was used to convert the recalcitrant lignocellulosic materials into hydrogen gas at high yields and rates. Fermentation using Clostridium thermocellum produced 1.67 mol H(2)/mol-glucose at a rate of 0.25 L H(2)/L-d with a com stover lignocellulose feed, and 1.64 mol H(2)/mol-glucose and 1.6S L H(2)/L-d with a cellobiose feed. The lignocelluose and cellobiose fermentation effluent consisted primarily of: acetic, lactic, succinic, and formic acids and ethanol. An additional 800 +/- 290 ml H(2)/g-COD was produced from a synthetic effluent with a wastewater inoculum (fermentation effluent inoculum; FEI) by electrohydrogensis using microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Hydrogen yields were increased to 980 +/- 110 mL H(2)/g-COD with the synthetic effluent by combining in the inoculum samples from multiple microbial fuel cells (MFCs) each pre-acclimated to a single substrate (single substrate inocula; SSI). Hydrogen yields and production rates with SSI and the actual fermentation effluents were 980 +/- 110 mL/g-COD and 1.11 +/- 0.13 L/L-d (synthetic); 900 +/- 140 mL/g-COD and 0.96 +/- 0.16 L/L-d (cellobiose); and 750 +/- 180 mL/g-COD and 1.00 +/- 0.19 L/L-d (lignocellulose). A maximum hydrogen production rate of 1.11 +/- 0.13 L H(2)/L reactor/d was produced with synthetic effluent. Energy efficiencies based on electricity needed for the MEC using SSI were 270 +/- 20% for the synthetic effluent, 230 +/- 50% for lignocellulose effluent and 220 +/- 30% for the cellobiose effluent. COD removals were similar to 90% for the synthetic effluents, and 70-85% based on VFA removal (65% COD removal) with the cellobiose and lignocellulose effluent. The overall hydrogen yield was 9.95 mol-H(2)/mol-glucose for the cellobiose. These results show that pre-acclimation of MFCs to single substrates improves performance with a complex mixture of substrates, and that high hydrogen yields and gas production rates can be achieved using a two-stage fermentation and MEC process. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lalaurette, Elodie; Logan, Bruce E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Thammannagowda, Shivegowda; Mohagheghi, Ali; Maness, Pin-Ching] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Logan, BE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 212 Sackett Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM blogan@psu.edu RI Logan, Bruce/E-7063-2012 OI Logan, Bruce/0000-0001-7478-8070 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory [RFH-7-77623-01]; DOE Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program [KUS-I1-003-13]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) FX This research was supported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory contract RFH-7-77623-01, the DOE Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program, and award KUS-I1-003-13 by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). NR 44 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 9 U2 68 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 15 BP 6201 EP 6210 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.112 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 491ES UT WOS:000269561000021 ER PT J AU Greenway, SD Fox, EB Ekechukwu, AA AF Greenway, Scott D. Fox, Elise B. Ekechukwu, Amy A. TI Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer operation under anode liquid and cathode vapor feed configurations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems CY APR, 2007 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA DE Electrolysis; Proton exchange membrane; Cathode vapor; Isotope separation ID HYDROGEN; MODEL AB Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis is a potential alternative technology to crack water in specialty applications where a dry gas stream is needed, such as isotope production. One design proposal is to feed the cathode of the electrolyzer with vapor phase water. This feed configuration would allow isotopic water to be isolated on the cathode side of the electrolyzer and the isotope recovery system could be operated in a closed loop. Tests were performed to characterize the difference in the current-voltage behavior between a PEM electrolyzer operated with a cathode water vapor feed and with an anode liquid water feed. The cathode water vapor feed cell had a maximum limiting current density of 400 mA/cm(2) at 70 degrees C compared to a current density of 800 mA/cm(2) for the anode liquid feed cell at 70 degrees C. The limiting current densities for the cathode water vapor feed cell were similar to those predicted by a water mass transfer model. It is estimated that a cathode water vapor feed electrolyzer system will need to be between 5 and 8 times larger in active area or number of cells than an anode liquid feed system. (C) 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Greenway, Scott D.; Fox, Elise B.; Ekechukwu, Amy A.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Fox, EB (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, 999-2W, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM elise.fox@srnl.doe.gov RI Greenway, Scott/A-8084-2011; Fox, Elise/G-5438-2013 OI Fox, Elise/0000-0002-4527-5820 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 16 BP 6603 EP 6608 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.048 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 498HH UT WOS:000270127500004 ER PT J AU Aardahl, CL Rassat, SD AF Aardahl, C. L. Rassat, S. D. TI Overview of systems considerations for on-board chemical hydrogen storage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems CY APR, 2007 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA DE Hydrogen storage; Chemical hydride; On-board; Ammonia borane; Hydrolysis; Thermolysis; Systems engineering ID FUEL-CELL GENERATORS; AMMONIA-BORANE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; SODIUM-BOROHYDRIDE; B-N; HYDROLYSIS; DECALIN; DEHYDROGENATION; REGENERATION; CATALYSTS AB Recent advances in chemical hydrogen storage systems are reviewed. Factors impacting design and implementation of chemical hydrogen storage systems for on-board vehicular use are highlighted. The physical and chemical characteristics of chemical hydrogen fuels and their spent fuel counterparts are considered to provide guidance to future technology developers. Heat management, fuel stability, reactor design, and fuel morphology are examples of issues that must be considered for the future of chemical hydrogen storage systems. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 [Aardahl, C. L.; Rassat, S. D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Aardahl, CL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mail Stop P7-07,Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM christopher.aardahl@pnl.gov NR 55 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2009 VL 34 IS 16 BP 6676 EP 6683 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.06.009 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 498HH UT WOS:000270127500011 ER PT J AU Kiener, D Motz, C Dehm, G Pippan, R AF Kiener, Daniel Motz, Christian Dehm, Gerhard Pippan, Reinhard TI Overview on established and novel FIB based miniaturized mechanical testing using in-situ SEM SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Size-effect; Micro-mechanical testing; Focussed ion beam (FIB); in-situ SEM ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; ION-BEAM MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; COMPRESSION PILLARS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; NANOSCALE TENSILE; LENGTH SCALE; MICRON SCALE; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH AB Probing mechanical proper-ties in the micrometer regime is of current interest in materials science. A focused ion beam microscope was employed to fabricate miniaturized specimens, while an indenter installed in a scanning electron microscope was utilized to actuate the samples and record the load and displacement data during the deformation. Examples for miniaturized compression, tension, bending, as well as newly developed bending fatigue and bending fracture experiments are presented, demonstrating the unique flexibility of in-situ mechanical testing in the scanning electron microscope at small length scales. C1 [Kiener, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kiener, Daniel] Forschungs GmbH, Mat Ctr Leoben, Leoben, Austria. [Kiener, Daniel; Motz, Christian; Dehm, Gerhard; Pippan, Reinhard] Austrian Acad Sci, Erich Schmid Inst Mat Sci, Leoben, Austria. [Dehm, Gerhard] Univ Leoben, Dept Mat Phys, Leoben, Austria. RP Kiener, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 72-150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dkiener@lbl.gov RI Kiener, Daniel/B-2202-2008; Dehm, Gerhard/A-3066-2017 OI Kiener, Daniel/0000-0003-3715-3986; FU Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung [P17375-N07]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the Erwin Schrodinger [J2834-N20] FX The authors thank Dr. Thomas Chudoba and his co-workers for the excellent support during hardware and software adaptation of the in-situ micro-indenter in order to meet the special requirements for the performed work. Partial financial support by the Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Project P17375-N07, and within the research activities of the K2 Competence Centre on "Integrated Research in Materials, Processing and Product Engineering", operated by the Materials Center Leoben Forschung GmbH under the frame of the Austrian COMET Competence Centre Program, is acknowledged. D.K. gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through the Erwin Schrodinger scholarship J2834-N20. NR 94 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 54 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 100 IS 8 BP 1074 EP 1087 DI 10.3139/146.110149 PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 486MO UT WOS:000269201200009 ER PT J AU Brenner, R Lebensohn, RA Castelnau, O AF Brenner, R. Lebensohn, R. A. Castelnau, O. TI Elastic anisotropy and yield surface estimates of polycrystals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Yield surface; Polycrystals; Self-consistent model; Elastic anisotropy; Fast Fourier Transform ID NONLINEAR COMPOSITES; STRAIN HETEROGENEITY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STRESS-DISTRIBUTION; FIELD FLUCTUATIONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; METALS; SCHEME; GRAIN; HOMOGENIZATION AB Homogenization estimates based on the self-consistent scheme are customarily used to describe the plastic yielding of polycrystals. Such estimates of the initial micro yield surface of a polycrystal depend on the morphologic and crystallographic textures, the slip system geometry, the corresponding critical resolved shear stresses and the single crystal elastic anisotropy. The usual approach relies on a rather crude description of the stress field induced by the local elastic anisotropy. This deficiency is addressed and a new concept, i.e. a "probability" yield surface is proposed. Based on a statistical description of the local fields, the latter makes use of the average and the standard deviation of the resolved shear stress on the different slip systems within a given crystalline orientation. By comparing the homogenization estimates with full-field results, it is shown that the self-consistent scheme does not present intrinsic shortcomings regarding the prediction of the micro yield stress of polycrystals with anisotropic elastic constitutive behaviour. On the contrary, it delivers realistic estimates if the local field fluctuations are taken into account in the yield criterion. The quantitative results obtained for cubic elasticity show a strong influence of the intragranular stress heterogeneity on the estimate of the micro yield stress. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brenner, R.; Castelnau, O.] Univ Paris 13, Lab Proprietes Mecan & Thermodynam Mat, CNRS UPR9001, Inst Galilee, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. [Lebensohn, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87845 USA. RP Brenner, R (reprint author), Univ Paris 13, Lab Proprietes Mecan & Thermodynam Mat, CNRS UPR9001, Inst Galilee, Av JB Clement, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. EM rb@galilee.univ-paris13.fr RI Lebensohn, Ricardo/A-2494-2008; castelnau, olivier/E-7789-2011 OI Lebensohn, Ricardo/0000-0002-3152-9105; castelnau, olivier/0000-0001-7422-294X NR 52 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 46 IS 16 BP 3018 EP 3026 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.04.001 PG 9 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 461NZ UT WOS:000267275900006 ER PT J AU Wang, YW Hoenig, JD Malin, KJ Qamar, S Petrof, EO Sun, J Antonopoulos, DA Chang, EB Claud, EC AF Wang, Yunwei Hoenig, Jeanette D. Malin, Kathryn J. Qamar, Sanaa Petrof, Elaine O. Sun, Jun Antonopoulos, Dionysios A. Chang, Eugene B. Claud, Erika C. TI 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of fecal microbiota from preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE necrotizing enterocolitis; clone library; operational taxonomical units; Gammaproteobacteria ID BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; PLANT POLYSACCHARIDES; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; HUMAN COLON; DIVERSITY; COLONIZATION; MICROFLORA; FLORA; COMMUNITIES AB Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory intestinal disorder affecting preterm infants. Intestinal bacteria have an important function; however no causative pathogen has been identified. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in microbial patterns that may be critical to the development of this disease. Fecal samples from 20 preterm infants, 10 with NEC and 10 matched controls (including 4 twin pairs) were obtained from patients in a single site level III neonatal intensive care unit. Bacterial DNA from individual fecal samples was PCR-amplified and subjected to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and library sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize diversity and structure of the enteric microbiota. The distribution of samples from NEC patients distinctly clustered separately from controls. Intestinal bacterial colonization in all preterm infants was notable for low diversity. Patients with NEC had even less diversity, an increase in abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, a decrease in other bacteria species, and had received a higher mean number of previous days of antibiotics. Our results suggest that NEC is associated with severe lack of microbiota diversity that may accentuate the impact of single dominant microorganisms favored by empiric and widespread use of antibiotics. The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 944-954; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2009.37; published online 16 April 2009 C1 [Hoenig, Jeanette D.; Malin, Kathryn J.; Qamar, Sanaa; Claud, Erika C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wang, Yunwei; Chang, Eugene B.; Claud, Erika C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Petrof, Elaine O.] Queens Univ, Dept Med, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Sun, Jun] Univ Rochester, Dept Med, Rochester, NY USA. [Antonopoulos, Dionysios A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Claud, EC (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC6060, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM eclaud@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HD043839, HD 059123, DK047722, HG4858] FX This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HD043839 and HD 059123 (to E Claud) and DK047722 and HG4858 (to E Chang). The Digestive Disease Research Core Center of the University of Chicago (DK42086) provided core facilities and services used for this study. NR 43 TC 232 Z9 241 U1 2 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 3 IS 8 BP 944 EP 954 DI 10.1038/ismej.2009.37 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 480NE UT WOS:000268741300008 PM 19369970 ER PT J AU Gao, HC Yang, ZK Barua, S Reed, SB Romine, MF Nealson, KH Fredrickson, JK Tiedje, JM Zhou, JZ AF Gao, Haichun Yang, Zamin K. Barua, Soumitra Reed, Samantha B. Romine, Margaret F. Nealson, Kenneth H. Fredrickson, James K. Tiedje, James M. Zhou, Jizhong TI Reduction of nitrate in Shewanella oneidensis depends on atypical NAP and NRF systems with NapB as a preferred electron transport protein from CymA to NapA SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Shewanella; nitrate; NapB ID C-TYPE CYTOCHROME; GLOBAL TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE GENOME; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; WOLINELLA-SUCCINOGENES; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; NITRITE REDUCTASE; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; SHOCK RESPONSE; RESPIRATION AB In the genome of Shewanella oneidensis, a napDAGHB gene cluster encoding periplasmic nitrate reductase (NapA) and accessory proteins and an nrfA gene encoding periplasmic nitrite reductase (NrfA) have been identified. These two systems seem to be atypical because the genome lacks genes encoding cytoplasmic membrane electron transport proteins, NapC for NAP and NrfBCD/NrfH for NRF, respectively. Here, we present evidence that reduction of nitrate to ammonium in S. oneidensis is carried out by these atypical systems in a two-step manner. Transcriptional and mutational analyses suggest that CymA, a cytoplasmic membrane electron transport protein, is likely to be the functional replacement of both NapC and NrfH in S. oneidensis. Surprisingly, a strain devoid of napB encoding the small subunit of nitrate reductase exhibited the maximum cell density sooner than the wild type. Further characterization of this strain showed that nitrite was not detected as a free intermediate in its culture and NapB provides a fitness gain for S. oneidensis to compete for nitrate in the environments. On the basis results from mutational analyses of napA, napB, nrfA and napBnrfA in-frame deletion mutants, we propose that NapB is able to favor nitrate reduction by routing electrons to NapA exclusively. The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 966-976; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2009.40; published online 23 April 2009 C1 [Gao, Haichun] Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Gao, Haichun] Zhejiang Univ, Inst Microbiol, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Gao, Haichun; Barua, Soumitra; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gao, Haichun; Yang, Zamin K.; Barua, Soumitra; Zhou, Jizhong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Reed, Samantha B.; Romine, Margaret F.; Fredrickson, James K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Nealson, Kenneth H.] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Tiedje, James M.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gao, HC (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Coll Life Sci, 388 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM haichung@zju.edu.cn; jzhou@ou.edu RI Gao, Haichun/A-2160-2014; OI Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 FU US Department of Energy [DOE-AC05-00OR22725]; Zhejiang University research FX This research was supported by The US Department of Energy under the Genomics: GTL Program through the Shewanella Federation, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by University of Tennessee-Battelle LLC for the Department of Energy under contract DOE-AC05-00OR22725. This research was also supported by Zhejiang University research startup funding for HG. NR 41 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 3 IS 8 BP 966 EP 976 DI 10.1038/ismej.2009.40 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 480NE UT WOS:000268741300010 PM 19387485 ER PT J AU Afonine, PV Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Urzhumtsev, A Adams, PD AF Afonine, Pavel V. Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Urzhumtsev, Alexandre Adams, Paul D. TI Automatic multiple-zone rigid-body refinement with a large convergence radius SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES REFINEMENT; MOLECULAR-REPLACEMENT; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; ERRORS; PARAMETERS; RESOLUTION; PROGRAM; SPACE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION AB Rigid-body refinement is the constrained coordinate refinement of one or more groups of atoms that each move (rotate and translate) as a single body. The goal of this work was to establish an automatic procedure for rigid-body refinement which implements a practical compromise between runtime requirements and convergence radius. This has been achieved by analysis of a large number of trial refinements for 12 classes of random rigid-body displacements (that differ in magnitude of introduced errors), using both least-squares and maximum-likelihood target functions. The results of these tests led to a multiple-zone protocol. The final parameterization of this protocol was optimized empirically on the basis of a second large set of test refinements. This multiple-zone protocol is implemented as part of the phenix.refine program. C1 [Afonine, Pavel V.; Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W.; Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] UdS, INSERM, CNRS, IGBMC, F-67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France. [Urzhumtsev, Alexandre] Univ Nancy 1, Dept Phys, Fac Sci & Technol, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Afonine, PV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,BLDG 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pafonine@lbl.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; NIH/NIGMS [1P01GM063210]; Pole 'Intelligence Logicielle', Nancy FX This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and NIH/NIGMS grant 1P01GM063210. AU thanks Pole 'Intelligence Logicielle', Nancy, for financial support. We thank L. Urzhumtseva for sharing her previous experience on rigidbody refinement and V. Lunin for useful discussions. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 42 BP 607 EP 615 DI 10.1107/S0021889809023528 PN 4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 471OO UT WOS:000268068000007 PM 19649324 ER PT J AU Bozin, ES Juhas, P Zhou, W Stone, MB Abernathy, DL Huq, A Billinge, SJL AF Bozin, E. S. Juhas, P. Zhou, W. Stone, M. B. Abernathy, D. L. Huq, A. Billinge, S. J. L. TI Atomic pair distribution function analysis from the ARCS chopper spectrometer at the Spallation Neutron Source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Neutron powder-diffraction-based atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs) are reported from the new wide-angular-range chopper spectrometer ARCS at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The spectrometer was run in white-beam mode with no Fermi chopper. The PDF patterns of Ni and Al(2)O(3) were refined using the PDFfit method and the results compared with data collected at the NPDF diffractometer at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The resulting fits are of high quality, demonstrating that quantitatively reliable powder diffraction data can be obtained from ARCS when operated in this configuration. C1 [Bozin, E. S.; Juhas, P.; Zhou, W.; Billinge, S. J. L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bozin, E. S.; Billinge, S. J. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Stone, M. B.; Abernathy, D. L.; Huq, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Billinge, SJL (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM sb2896@columbia.edu RI Bozin, Emil/E-4679-2011; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Juhas, Pavol/A-6544-2008; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Huq, Ashfia/J-8772-2013; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Juhas, Pavol/0000-0001-8751-4458; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Huq, Ashfia/0000-0002-8445-9649; FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Work in the Billinge group was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 42 BP 724 EP 725 DI 10.1107/S0021889809023504 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 471OO UT WOS:000268068000021 ER PT J AU Lorin, C Mailfert, A Chatain, D Felice, H Beysens, D AF Lorin, Clement Mailfert, Alain Chatain, Denis Felice, Helene Beysens, D. TI Magnetogravitational potential revealed near a liquid-vapor critical point SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE critical points; liquid-vapour transformations; magnetic forces; surface tension ID MAGNETIC COMPENSATION; GRAVITY FORCES; LEVITATION; FIELD AB Magnetic forces are increasingly used to compensate weight in multiphase matter (solids, liquids, or vapor), but compensation cannot be strictly uniform. In order to determine quantitatively the remaining forces, a magnetogravitational potential was constructed. The potential can be revealed by the shape of the liquid-vapor interfaces near the critical point, where the interfacial tension vanishes. Experiments near the critical point of H(2) (33 K) are reported which support this finding. C1 [Lorin, Clement; Mailfert, Alain] Nancy Univ, CNRS INPL, UMR 7569, LEM, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Chatain, Denis; Beysens, D.] CEA Grenoble, INAC, ESEME, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Felice, Helene] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, AFRD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Beysens, D.] ESPCI PMMH, F-75231 Paris, France. RP Lorin, C (reprint author), Nancy Univ, CNRS INPL, UMR 7569, LEM, 2 Ave Foret de Haye, F-54500 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM clement.lorin@gmail.com RI lorin, clement/G-9463-2012 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales FX This work was partially funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. We thank S. Berkowicz and V. Nikolayev for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful suggestions. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 106 IS 3 AR 033905 DI 10.1063/1.3183955 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 484QA UT WOS:000269060700053 ER PT J AU Liljegren, JC Tschopp, S Rogers, K Wasmer, F Liljegren, L Myirski, M AF Liljegren, James C. Tschopp, Stephen Rogers, Kevin Wasmer, Fred Liljegren, Lucia Myirski, Michael TI Quality Control of Meteorological Data for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PASS ESTIMATORS; STANDARD-DEVIATION; WIND DIRECTION; OKLAHOMA MESONET; ASSURANCE; ROUTINE AB The Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program Meteorological Support Project ensures the accuracy and reliability of data acquired by meteorological monitoring stations located at seven U. S. Army chemical weapons depots where storage and weapons destruction ( demilitarization) activities are ongoing. The data are delivered in real time to U. S. Army plume dispersion models, which are used to plan for and respond to a potential accidental release of a chemical weapons agent. The project provides maintenance, calibration, and audit services for the instrumentation; collection, automated screening, visual inspection, and analysis of the data; and problem reporting and tracking to carefully control the data quality. The resulting high-quality meteorological data enhance emergency response modeling and public safety. C1 [Liljegren, James C.; Tschopp, Stephen; Rogers, Kevin; Wasmer, Fred; Liljegren, Lucia] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Myirski, Michael] USA, Chem Mat Agcy, Edgewood, MD USA. RP Liljegren, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jcliljegren@anl.gov FU U. S. Army Chemical Materials Agency, Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program [7D22 CM7007]; U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Army Chemical Materials Agency, Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program, under Contract MIPR 7D22 CM7007 Amend 01 Rev 12. The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne''). Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U. S. government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the government. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1510 EP 1526 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1268.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481IN UT WOS:000268801300005 ER PT J AU Cachorro, VE Berjon, A Toledano, C Mogo, S Prats, N de Frutos, AM Vilaplana, JM Sorribas, M De la Morena, BA Grobner, J Laulainen, N AF Cachorro, V. E. Berjon, A. Toledano, C. Mogo, S. Prats, N. de Frutos, A. M. Vilaplana, J. M. Sorribas, M. De La Morena, B. A. Groebner, J. Laulainen, N. TI Detailed Aerosol Optical Depth Intercomparison between Brewer and Li-Cor 1800 Spectroradiometers and a Cimel Sun Photometer SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OZONE MEASUREMENTS; UV-B; RETRIEVAL; THICKNESS; RANGE; SPECTROPHOTOMETER; EXTINCTION; IRRADIANCE; TURBIDITY; AERONET AB Aerosol optical depth (AOD) using different instruments during three short and intensive campaigns carried out from 1999 to 2001 at El Arenosillo in Huelva, Spain, are presented and compared. The specific aim of this study is to determine the level of agreement between three different instruments running in operational conditions. This activity, however, is part of a broader objective to recover an extended data series of AOD in the UV range obtained from a Brewer spectroradiometer. This instrument may be used to obtain AOD at the same five UV wavelengths used during normal operation for ozone content determination. As part of the validation of the Brewer AOD data, a Cimel sun photometer and another spectroradiometer, a Li-Cor 1800, were used. A detailed comparison of these three instruments is carried out by means of near-simultaneous measurements, with particular emphasis on examining diurnal AOD variability. Absolute AOD uncertainties range from 0.02 for the Cimel to 0.08 for the Brewer, with intermediate values for the Li-Cor 1800. All data during the comparison are in reasonable agreement, when taking into account the different performance characteristics of each instrument. The comparison also demonstrates current deficiencies in the Brewer data and thus the difficulty to determine AOD values with low errors. C1 [Cachorro, V. E.; Berjon, A.; Toledano, C.; Mogo, S.; Prats, N.; de Frutos, A. M.] Univ Valladolid, GOA, ES-47071 Valladolid, Spain. [Vilaplana, J. M.; Sorribas, M.; De La Morena, B. A.] INTA, ESAT El Arenosillo, Div Ciencias Espacio, Huelva, Spain. [Groebner, J.] World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, Davos, Switzerland. [Laulainen, N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cachorro, VE (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, GOA, ES-47071 Valladolid, Spain. EM chiqui@goa.uva.es RI Sorribas, Mar/B-8059-2012; Mogo, Sandra/B-6967-2008; Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Berjon, Alberto/M-4203-2015; OI Sorribas, Mar/0000-0003-2131-9021; Mogo, Sandra/0000-0002-1423-2668; Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Berjon, Alberto/0000-0002-4508-7037; Cachorro, Victoria/0000-0002-4627-9444 FU Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [CGL2005-05693-C03/CLI, VA001C05]; Grupos de Excelencia de Cyl [GR220]; Junta de Castilla y Leon; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U. S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute FX This work has been supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia by means of Project CGL2005-05693-C03/CLI and VA001C05. We also thank the program Grupos de Excelencia de Cyl ( GR220) of the Junta de Castilla y Leon. We thank Alberto Redondas of Izana Observatory for providing Brewer157 data, and all participating people in the First Iberian UV-VIS Instruments Intercomparison campaign, especially to J.A. MartinezLozano and P. Utrillas from the University of Valencia. One of us ( NL) was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U. S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1558 EP 1571 DI 10.1175/2009JTECHA1217.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481IN UT WOS:000268801300008 ER PT J AU Handford, JI Ize, B Buchanan, G Butland, GP Greenblatt, J Emili, A Palmer, T AF Handford, Jennifer I. Ize, Berengere Buchanan, Grant Butland, Gareth P. Greenblatt, Jack Emili, Andrew Palmer, Tracy TI Conserved Network of Proteins Essential for Bacterial Viability SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HAEMOLYTICA A1 GLYCOPROTEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ESSENTIAL GENES; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; UNKNOWN FUNCTION; TRANSLOCATION PATHWAY; NUCLEOID CONDENSATION; 2-HYBRID SYSTEM; KEOPS COMPLEX; IN-VITRO AB The yjeE, yeaZ, and ygjD genes are highly conserved in the genomes of eubacteria, and ygjD orthologs are also found throughout the Archaea and eukaryotes. In this study, we have constructed conditional expression strains for each of these genes in the model organism Escherichia coli K12. We show that each gene is essential for the viability of E. coli under laboratory growth conditions. Growth of the conditional strains under nonpermissive conditions results in dramatic changes in cell ultrastructure. Deliberate repression of the expression of yeaZ results in cells with highly condensed nucleoids, while repression of yjeE and ygjD expression results in at least a proportion of very enlarged cells with an unusual peripheral distribution of DNA. Each of the three conditional expression strains can be complemented by multicopy clones harboring the rstA gene, which encodes a two-component-system response regulator, strongly suggesting that these proteins are involved in the same essential cellular pathway. The results of bacterial two-hybrid experiments show that YeaZ can interact with both YjeE and YgjD but that YgjD is the preferred interaction partner. The results of in vitro experiments indicate that YeaZ mediates the proteolysis of YgjD, suggesting that YeaZ and YjeE act as regulators to control the activity of this protein. Our results are consistent with these proteins forming a link between DNA metabolism and cell division. C1 [Handford, Jennifer I.; Ize, Berengere] John Innes Ctr, Dept Mol Microbiol, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. [Ize, Berengere] Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Buchanan, Grant; Palmer, Tracy] Univ Dundee, Coll Life Sci, Div Mol & Environm Microbiol, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. [Butland, Gareth P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Butland, Gareth P.; Greenblatt, Jack; Emili, Andrew] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Terrence Donnelly Ctr Cellular & Biomol Res, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada. RP Palmer, T (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Coll Life Sci, Div Mol Microbiol, Dow St, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. EM t.palmer@dundee.ac.uk OI Palmer, Tracy/0000-0001-9043-2592 FU BBSRC [BB/D000386/1]; MRC FX We thank Pascale Ferrigno, Yiliang Ding, Alex Graf, and Michael Rose for their help in constructing some of the plasmids that were used in this study and Govind Chandra for his assistance in genome searching for YjeE, YeaZ, and YgjD orthologs. Robert Davies is thanked for providing us with Mannheimia haemolytica genomic DNA. We thank Jeff Errington, Simon Foster, Mark Buttner, Simon Andrews, Alison Hunt, and Matt Hutchings for helpful discussion and Gary Sawers and Nicola Stanley-Wall for critical reading of the manuscript.; This work is supported by the BBSRC through grant BB/D000386/1, via a Ph. D. studentship to J. H., and through the MRC by the awarding of an MRC Senior Non-Clinical Fellowship to T. P. NR 78 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 191 IS 15 BP 4732 EP 4749 DI 10.1128/JB.00136-09 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 469YD UT WOS:000267937000006 PM 19376873 ER PT J AU Armstead, WM Ganguly, K Kiessling, JW Chen, XH Smith, DH Higazi, AAR Cines, DB Bdeir, K Zaitsev, S Muzykantov, VR AF Armstead, William M. Ganguly, Kumkum Kiessling, John W. Chen, Xiao-Han Smith, Douglas H. Higazi, Abd A. R. Cines, Douglas B. Bdeir, Khalil Zaitsev, Sergei Muzykantov, Vladimir R. TI Red blood cells-coupled tPA prevents impairment of cerebral vasodilatory responses and tissue injury in pediatric cerebral hypoxia/ischemia through inhibition of ERK MAPK activation SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE newborn; cerebral circulation; stroke; tPA ID PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; PROPHYLACTIC FIBRINOLYSIS; ISCHEMIC-STROKE; BRAIN-INJURY; CEREBROVASODILATION; RECEPTOR; THROMBOLYSIS; ERYTHROCYTES; CONTRIBUTE; CHILDREN AB Babies experience hypoxia (H) and ischemia (I) from stroke. The only approved treatment for stroke is fibrinolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). However, tPA potentiates H/I-induced impairment of responses to cerebrovasodilators such as hypercapnia and hypotension, and blockade of tPA-mediated vasoactivity prevents this deleterious effect. Coupling of tPA to red blood cells (RBCs) reduces its central nervous system (CNS) toxicity through spatially confining the drug to the vasculature. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a family of at least three kinases, is upregulated after H/I. In this study we determined whether RBC-tPA given before or after cerebral H/I would preserve responses to cerebrovasodilators and prevent neuronal injury mediated through the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) MAPK pathway. Animals given RBC-tPA maintained responses to cerebrovasodilators at levels equivalent to pre-H/I values. cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchymal ERK MAPK was elevated by H/I and this upregulation was potentiated by tPA, but blunted by RBC-tPA. U0126, an ERK MAPK antagonist, also maintained cerebrovasodilation post H/I. Neuronal degeneration in CA1 hippocampus after H/I was not improved by tPA, but was ameliorated by RBC-tPA and U0126. These data suggest that coupling of tPA to RBCs offers a novel approach toward increasing the benefit/risk ratio of thrombolytic therapy for CNS disorders associated with H/I. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2009) 29, 1463-1474; doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.61; published online 13 May 2009 C1 [Armstead, William M.; Kiessling, John W.] Univ Penn, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Armstead, William M.; Zaitsev, Sergei; Muzykantov, Vladimir R.] Univ Penn, Dept Pharmacol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ganguly, Kumkum] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Dept Biochem, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Chen, Xiao-Han; Smith, Douglas H.] Univ Penn, Dept Neurosurg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Higazi, Abd A. R.; Cines, Douglas B.; Bdeir, Khalil] Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Higazi, Abd A. R.] Hadassah Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. [Higazi, Abd A. R.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Hadassah Med Sch, IL-91010 Jerusalem, Israel. [Zaitsev, Sergei; Muzykantov, Vladimir R.] Univ Penn, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Environm Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Muzykantov, Vladimir R.] Univ Penn, Dept Pharmacol, Inst Translat Med & Therapeut, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Armstead, WM (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, 3620 Hamilton Walk,JM3, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM armsteaw@uphs.upenn.edu RI smith, douglas/A-1321-2007 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA83121, R01 CA083121]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL07971, HL090697, HL66442, HL76206, HL76406, HL77760, HL81864, HL82545, P01 HL076406, R01 HL066442, R01 HL076206, R01 HL077760, R01 HL090697, R01 HL090697-01A1, R21 HL081864, T32 HL007971]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD57355, R01 HD057355]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS53410, R01 NS053410] NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1463 EP 1474 DI 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.61 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 477JO UT WOS:000268515500011 PM 19436314 ER PT J AU Wang, XP Hunt, SW Richmond, MG AF Wang, Xiaoping Hunt, Sean W. Richmond, Michael G. TI Syntheses, Spectroscopic Data, and X-ray Diffraction Structures of the Heterometallic RuRe Face-shared Bioctahedral (eta(6)-cymene)Ru(mu-Cl)(3)Re(CO)(3) and MnRu2 Edge-shared Trioctahedral [fac-ClRu(CO)(3)](2)(mu-Cl)(4)Mn(H2O)(2) Complexes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Ruthenium-rhenium compounds; Manganese-ruthenium compounds; Halide-bridged compounds; Mixed-metal compounds; X-ray crystallography ID HETEROBIMETALLIC COMPLEXES; SUBSTITUTION-REACTIONS; LIGAND SUBSTITUTION; CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; BRIDGED COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CIS LABILIZATION; CP-ASTERISK; RUTHENIUM; REACTIVITY AB Thermolysis of the diruthenium compound [(eta(6)-cymene)RuCl2](2) (1) with ClRe(CO)(5) (2) leads to the formation of the new confacial bioctahedral compound (eta(6)-cymene) Ru(mu-Cl)(3)Re(CO)(3) (3) in good yields; the same product has also been isolated when a mixture of 1 and 2 is irradiated with near UV-vis light for an extended period of time. Heating 1 and ClMn(CO)(5) (4) does not furnish the corresponding manganese analogue of 3 but rather the trioctahedral halide-bridged product [fac-ClRu(CO)(3)](2)(mu-Cl)(4)Mn(H2O)(2) (5). 3 and 5 have been fully characterized in solution and their molecular structures established by X-ray crystallography. C1 [Wang, Xiaoping] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hunt, Sean W.; Richmond, Michael G.] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Wang, XP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wangx@ornl.gov RI Wang, Xiaoping/E-8050-2012; G, Neela/H-3016-2014 OI Wang, Xiaoping/0000-0001-7143-8112; FU Robert A. Welch Foundation [B-1093-MGR] FX Financial support from the Robert A. Welch Foundation (Grant B-1093-MGR) is much appreciated. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 39 IS 8 BP 589 EP 594 DI 10.1007/s10870-009-9535-y PG 6 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 458NQ UT WOS:000267031200010 ER PT J AU Peterson, DS Montoya, VM AF Peterson, Dominic S. Montoya, Velma M. TI Separation of Actinides Using Capillary Extraction Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Ion Chromatography Symposium CY SEP 21-24, 2008 CL Portland, OR SP Calif Separat Sci Soc ID ICP-MS DETECTION; ACIDIC MEDIA; TRACE-LEVEL; PRECONCENTRATION; PLUTONIUM; URANIUM; OPTIMIZATION; SAMPLES C1 [Peterson, Dominic S.; Montoya, Velma M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peterson, DS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Mailstop K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM DominicP@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU PRESTON PUBL INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0021-9665 J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI JI J. Chromatogr. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 47 IS 7 BP 545 EP 548 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 480PL UT WOS:000268748300010 PM 19772724 ER PT J AU Economou, EN Kafesaki, M Soukoulis, CM Koschny, T AF Economou, E. N. Kafesaki, M. Soukoulis, C. M. Koschny, Th. TI The Fourth Quadrant in the epsilon, mu Plane: A New Frontier in Optics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Left-Handed Materials; Metamaterials; Negative Refractive Index ID NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE-INDEX; SPLIT-RING RESONATORS; LEFT-HANDED MATERIALS; DIFFRACTION LIMIT; METAMATERIALS; PERMITTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; FREQUENCIES; HYPERLENS AB We review and analyze some of the novel and unique characteristics of the electromagnetic wave propagation in materials of both negative electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability, known as left-handed materials. Main steps and recent developments towards the realization and exploitation of such materials are described, while emphasis is given to the attempts for "extension" of left-handed materials towards the optical regime. There, some of the main advances and challenges are analyzed and discussed. C1 [Economou, E. N.; Kafesaki, M.; Soukoulis, C. M.; Koschny, Th.] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. [Economou, E. N.] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Kafesaki, M.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71003, Crete, Greece. [Soukoulis, C. M.; Koschny, Th.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Soukoulis, C. M.; Koschny, Th.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Economou, EN (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, POB 1385, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RI Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Kafesaki, Maria/E-6843-2012; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008 OI Kafesaki, Maria/0000-0002-9524-2576; FU EU [LSHG-CT-2003-503259]; PHOME [213390]; ENSEMBLE; ECONAM; COST Actions [MP0702, MP0803]; US Department of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences) [DEAC02-07CH 11358]; AFOSR [FA9550-06-1-0337]; DARPA [MDA972-01-2-0016]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0359]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Air Force Material Command; USAF [FA8655-07-1-3037] FX Authors would like to acknowledge financial support by EU under the projects Metamorphose, PHOREMOST, Molecular Imaging (LSHG-CT-2003-503259), PHOME (FET Contract No. 213390), ENSEMBLE, ECONAM, and the COST Actions MP0702 and MP0803, by the US Department of Energy (Basic Energy Sciences) under Contract No. DEAC02-07CH 11358, by the AFOSR under MURI grant (FA9550-06-1-0337), by DARPA (Contract No. MDA972-01-2-0016), by Office of Naval Research (Award No. N00014-07-1-0359), and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF (Grant No. FA8655-07-1-3037). NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 6 IS 8 SI SI BP 1827 EP 1836 DI 10.1166/jctn.2009.1245 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 495JL UT WOS:000269887100007 ER PT J AU Leung, K Rempe, SB AF Leung, Kevin Rempe, Susan B. TI Ion Rejection by Nanoporous Membranes in Pressure-Driven Molecular Dynamics Simulations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL NANOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Nanopores; Electrolytes; Ion Channels; Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics; Pressure-Driven; Potential of Mean Force ID CARBON NANOTUBE MEMBRANES; WATER TRANSPORT; CHANNELS; RECTIFICATION; POTENTIALS; HYDRATION AB We perform pressure-driven non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (MID) simulations to drive a 1.0 M NaCl electrolyte through a dipole-lined smooth nanopore of diameter 12 A penetrating a model membrane. We show that partial, about 70-80%, Cl(-) rejection is achieved at a similar to 68 atmosphere pressure. At the high water flux achieved in these model nanopores, which are particularly pertinent to atomistically smooth carbon nanotube membranes that permit fast water transport, the ion rejection ratio decreases with increasing water flux. The computed potential of mean force of Cl- frozen inside the nanopore reveals a barrier of 6.4 kcal/mol in 1.0 M NaCl solution. The Cl(-) permeation occurs despite the barrier, and this is identified as a dynamical effect, with ions carried along by the water flux. Na(+)-CI(-) ion-pairing or aggregation near the pore entrance and inside the pore, where the dielectric screening is weaker than in bulk water, is critical to Cl(-) permeation. We also consider negative charges decorating the rim and the interior of the pore instead of dipoles, and find that, with sufficient pressure, Cl(-) from a 1.0 M NaCl solution readily passes through such nanopores. C1 [Leung, Kevin; Rempe, Susan B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leung, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1415 & 0895, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Rempe, Susan/H-1979-2011 FU Sandia's LDRD program; National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research FX We thank Tom Mayer for useful suggestions, and Chris Lorenz and Sameer Varma for discussions about applying pressure in molecular dynamics settings. This work was supported, in part, by Sandia's LDRD program, and, in part, by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL8500. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI STEVENSON RANCH PA 25650 NORTH LEWIS WAY, STEVENSON RANCH, CA 91381-1439 USA SN 1546-1955 J9 J COMPUT THEOR NANOS JI J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1948 EP 1955 DI 10.1166/jctn.2009.1250 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 495JL UT WOS:000269887100012 PM 20221310 ER PT J AU Freivogel, B Kleban, M Nicolis, A Sigurdson, K AF Freivogel, Ben Kleban, Matthew Nicolis, Alberto Sigurdson, Kris TI Eternal inflation, bubble collisions, and the disintegration of the persistence of memory SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE initial conditions and eternal universe; string theory and cosmology; cosmological phase transitions ID UNIVERSE AB We compute the probability distribution for bubble collisions in an inflating false vacuum which decays by bubble nucleation. Our analysis generalizes previous work of Guth, Garriga, and Vilenkin to the case of general cosmological evolution inside the bubble, and takes into account the dynamics of the domain walls that form between the colliding bubbles. We find that incorporating these effects changes the results dramatically: the total expected number of bubble collisions in the past lightcone of a typical observer is N similar to gamma V-f/V-i, where gamma is the fastest decay rate of the false vacuum, V-f is its vacuum energy, and V-i is the vacuum energy during inflation inside the bubble. This number can be large in realistic models without tuning. In addition, we calculate the angular position and size distribution of the collisions on the cosmic microwave background sky, and demonstrate that the number of bubbles of observable angular size is N-LS similar to root Omega N-k, where Omega(k) is the curvature contribution to the total density at the time of observation. The distribution is almost exactly isotropic. C1 [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freivogel, Ben] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kleban, Matthew] NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. [Nicolis, Alberto] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Nicolis, Alberto] Columbia Univ, ISCAP, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Sigurdson, Kris] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Freivogel, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM freivogel@berkeley.edu; mk161@nyu.edu; nicolis@phys.columbia.edu; krs@phas.ubc.ca OI Kleban, Matthew/0000-0002-1889-2487 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 036 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2009/08/036 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 497DY UT WOS:000270036800036 ER PT J AU Simet, M Hooper, D AF Simet, Melanie Hooper, Dan TI Astrophysical uncertainties in the cosmic ray electron and positron spectrum from annihilating dark matter SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE dark matter theory; cosmic ray theory ID ENERGY-SPECTRA; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES; CHARGE COMPOSITION; DIFFUSION-MODEL; NUCLEI; PROPAGATION; SECONDARY; GALAXY; ANTIPROTONS AB In recent years, a number of experiments have been conducted with the goal of studying cosmic rays at GeV to TeV energies. This is a particularly interesting regime from the perspective of indirect dark matter detection. To draw reliable conclusions regarding dark matter from cosmic ray measurements, however, it is important to first understand the propagation of cosmic rays through the magnetic and radiation fields of the Milky Way. In this paper, we constrain the characteristics of the cosmic ray electron/positron propagation model through comparison with observational inputs, including recent data from the CREAM experiment, and use these constraints to estimate the corresponding uncertainties in the spectrum of cosmic ray electrons and positrons from dark matter particles annihilating in the halo of the Milky Way. C1 [Simet, Melanie] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hooper, Dan] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Simet, M (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM msimet@uchicago.edu; dhooper@fnal.gov RI Simet, Melanie/A-3415-2016 OI Simet, Melanie/0000-0001-8823-8926 FU US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-95ER40896]; NASA [NAG5-10842] FX This work has been supported by the US Department of Energy, including grant DE-FG02-95ER40896, and by NASA grant NAG5-10842. NR 113 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 003 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2009/08/003 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 497DY UT WOS:000270036800003 ER PT J AU Teague, LC Hawkins, SA Duff, MC Groza, M Buliga, V Burger, A AF Teague, Lucile C. Hawkins, Samantha A. Duff, Martine C. Groza, Michael Buliga, Vladimir Burger, Arnold TI AFM Characterization of Raman Laser-Induced Damage on CdZnTe Crystal Surfaces SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 11-13, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, USAF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE CZT; CdZnTe; atomic force microscopy; Raman; radiation detection ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; CD0.96ZN0.04TE THIN-FILMS; GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; RADIATION DETECTORS; SPATIAL RESPONSE; PERFORMANCE; CDTE; CD0.9ZN0.1TE; SCATTERING; DEFECTS AB Raman laser studies of detector-grade CdZnTe crystals show an increase in intensity of the Te peaks of the Raman spectra even at very low laser powers. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the extent of damage to the CdZnTe crystal surface following exposure to the Raman laser. AFM images revealed localized surface damage in the areas exposed to the Raman laser beam. Additional studies using conductive-probe AFM techniques provided localized electrical information for the laser-induced Te-rich areas. C1 [Teague, Lucile C.; Hawkins, Samantha A.; Duff, Martine C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Groza, Michael; Buliga, Vladimir; Burger, Arnold] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. RP Teague, LC (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM lucile.teague@srnl.doe.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1522 EP 1527 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0763-x PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 480OK UT WOS:000268745400002 ER PT J AU Yang, G Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Cui, Y Hossain, A Yao, HW James, RB AF Yang, G. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Hossain, A. Yao, H. W. James, R. B. TI Internal Electric Field Investigations of a Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detector Using Synchrotron X-ray Mapping and Pockels Effect Measurements SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 11-13, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, USAF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE CdZnTe; synchrotron x-ray microscale mapping; Pockels effect; internal electric field distribution; dislocations ID CDTE CRYSTALS; CDZNTE; RADIATION AB Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) has remained a major focus of research due to its promising application as a room-temperature nuclear radiation detector material. Among the several parameters that substantially affect the detectors' performance, an important one is the distribution of the internal electric field. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) employed synchrotron x-ray microscale mapping and measurements of the Pockels effect to investigate the distribution of the internal electric field in a CZT strip detector. Direct evidence that dislocations can distort the internal electric field of the detector was obtained. Furthermore, it was found that "star" defects in the CZT crystal, possibly ascribed to dislocation loop punching, cause charge trapping. C1 [Yang, G.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Hossain, A.; Yao, H. W.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 197D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gyang@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011 NR 13 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1563 EP 1567 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0799-y PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 480OK UT WOS:000268745400009 ER PT J AU Hossain, A Cui, Y Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Yang, G Kochanowska, D Witkowska-Baran, M Mycielski, A James, RB AF Hossain, A. Cui, Y. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Yang, G. Kochanowska, D. Witkowska-Baran, M. Mycielski, A. James, R. B. TI Vanadium-Doped Cadmium Manganese Telluride (Cd1-x Mn (x) Te) Crystals as X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY NOV 11-13, 2009 CL Las Vegas, NV SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensors Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, USN, Electro Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, USAF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE CdMnTe; IR microscopy; surface processing; etch pit density; mobility-lifetime product ID SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOUND-CRYSTALS; RADIATION DETECTOR; GROWTH; CDZNTE; CDTE; PERFORMANCE; DEFECTS; CHARGE; ZINC AB CdMnTe offers several potential advantages over CdZnTe as a room- temperature gamma-ray detector, but many drawbacks in its growth process impede the production of large, defect-free single crystals with high electrical resistivity and high electron lifetimes. Here, we report our findings of the defects in several vanadium-doped as-grown as well as annealed Cd1-x Mn (x) Te crystals, using etch pit techniques. We carefully selected single crystals from the raw wafer to fabricate and test as a gamma-ray detector. We describe the quality of the processed Cd1-x Mn (x) Te surfaces, and compare them with similarly treated CdZnTe crystals. We discuss the characterization experiments aimed at clarifying the electrical properties of fabricated detectors, and evaluate their performance as gamma-ray spectrometers. C1 [Hossain, A.; Cui, Y.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Yang, G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kochanowska, D.; Witkowska-Baran, M.; Mycielski, A.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Hossain, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hossain@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011; Kochanowska, Dominika/P-8978-2016 NR 31 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1593 EP 1599 DI 10.1007/s11664-009-0780-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 480OK UT WOS:000268745400013 ER PT J AU Nurick, WH Ohanian, T Talley, DG Strakey, PA AF Nurick, W. H. Ohanian, T. Talley, D. G. Strakey, P. A. TI Impact of Orifice Length/Diameter Ratio on 90 deg Sharp-Edge Orifice Flow With Manifold Passage Cross Flow SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE cavitation; confined flow; turbulence ID MICROCHANNELS; CAVITATION AB The available information describing the various stages of flow conditions that occur as the flow transitions from noncavitation to cavitation (turbulent flow), supercavitation, and finally separation in sharp-edge 90 deg orifices is extensive. However, although sharp-edge orifices in cross flow represent a significant number of injection schemes inherent in many applications, data for this configuration are sparse or nonexistent. This study is intended to increase the database and understanding of the driving variables affecting the flow in all of these conditions. Tests were carried out in a unique test facility capable of achieving large variations in back pressure, flowrate, and operating upstream pressure. The configuration and test ranges of this study includes orifice length/diameter ratios from 2 to 10, upstream pressures from 7.03 kg/cm(2) to 105.1 kg/cm(2), orifice/manifold area ratio of 0.028 to 0.082, and manifold cross flow velocity of from 410 cm/s to 1830 cm/s. The results for these small area ratio configurations support two different first order models, one for cavitation and the other noncavitation both in turbulent flow. Under cavitation conditions the discharge coefficient is related to the contraction coefficient and the cavitation parameter to the 1/2 power. In the noncavitation flow regime the head loss is related to the loss coefficient and the dynamic pressure at the orifice exit. Both the head loss and contraction coefficient were found to be a strong function of the ratio of manifold/orifice exit velocity. Equations are provided defining the relationships that allow determination of the contraction coefficient, discharge coefficient, and head loss between the contraction coefficient, as well as the loss coefficient and operating conditions. Cavitation parameter values for cavitation inception, cavitation, and supercavitation are also provided. The potential flow theory was shown to predict the contraction coefficient when upstream (manifold to vena-contracta) losses are minimal. C1 [Nurick, W. H.; Ohanian, T.] Sci & Technol Applicat LLC, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. [Talley, D. G.] USAF, Res Lab, PRSA, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Strakey, P. A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Energy Syst Dynam Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Nurick, WH (reprint author), Sci & Technol Applicat LLC, Moorpark, CA 93021 USA. EM wnurick@verizon.net NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 8 AR 081103 DI 10.1115/1.3155959 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 475ZC UT WOS:000268405500003 ER PT J AU Wulff, W Zuber, N Rohatgi, US Catton, I AF Wulff, Wolfgang Zuber, Novak Rohatgi, Upendra S. Catton, Ivan TI Application of Fractional Scaling Analysis to Loss of Coolant Accidents, System Level Scaling for System Depressurization SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE accidents; coolants; cooling; fission reactor coolants; fission reactor safety; fluid dynamics; fusion reactor safety AB Fractional scaling analysis (FSA) is demonstrated at the system level. The selected example is depressurization of nuclear reactor primary systems undergoing large- and small-break loss of coolant accidents (LOCA), specifically in two integral test facilities of different sizes and shapes, namely, LOFT and Semiscale. The paper demonstrates (1) the relation between pressure and volume displacement rates in analogy to generalized "effort" and "flow" in interdisciplinary analysis of complex systems and (2) using experimental data that a properly scaled depressurization history applies to both large- and small-break LOCA in two different facilities. FSA, when applied at the system, component, and process levels, serves to synthesize the worldwide wealth of results from analyses and experiments into compact form for efficient storage, transfer, and retrieval of information. The demonstration at the system level shows that during LOCAs the break flow dominates for break sizes between 0.1% and 200% of cold-leg flow cross-sectional area, and that FSA ranks processes quantitatively and thereby objectively in the order of their importance. FSA supersedes the hereunto subjectively implemented phenomena identification and ranking table. FSA readily quantifies scale distortions. FSA reduces significantly the need for and current cost of experiments and analyses. C1 [Rohatgi, Upendra S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Catton, Ivan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, MAE, Los Angeles, CA 90195 USA. RP Wulff, W (reprint author), 11 Hamilton Rd, Setauket, NY 11733 USA. EM wolfgangwulff@optonline.net; wulff@bnl.gov; rohatgi@bnl.gov; catton@ucla.edu NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD AUG PY 2009 VL 131 IS 8 AR 081402 DI 10.1115/1.3155994 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 475ZC UT WOS:000268405500010 ER PT J AU Basu, S Wang, CY Chen, KS AF Basu, Suman Wang, Chao-Yang Chen, Ken S. TI Two-Phase Flow Maldistribution and Mitigation in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article CT 5th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology CY JUN 18-20, 2007 CL Brooklyn, NY DE channel flow; hydrodynamics; proton exchange membrane fuel cells; two-phase flow ID MULTIPHASE MIXTURE MODEL; CAPILLARY-POROUS MEDIA; PRESSURE-DROP; MULTICOMPONENT TRANSPORT; CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; HEAT-EXCHANGERS; PEMFC; PERFORMANCE; CATHODE AB Flow maldistribution among polymer electrolyte fuel-cell (PEFC) channels is of concern because this leads to nonuniform distributions of fuel and oxidizer, which in turn result in nonuniform reaction rates in the catalyst layers and thus detrimentally affect PEFC performance and durability. Channels with low flow rates risk flooding by liquid water. This can cause catalyst support corrosion and hence the undesirably accelerated aging of PEFCs. Multiphase flow computations are performed to examine the effects of gas diffusion layer (GDL) intrusion and manifold design on reducing flow maldistribution. Velocity field, hydrodynamic pressure, and liquid saturations are computed in the parallel gas channels using the multiphase-mixture formulation in order to quantify the flow nonuniformity or maldistribution among PEFC channels. It is shown that, when channel flow is in single phase, employing two splitter plates in the header manifold can bring down the flow maldistribution to less than half of that for the case with 20% area maldistribution due to the GDL intrusion. When channel flow occurs in the two-phase regime, the liquid-water front can be pushed downstream and the effect of GDL intrusion on the maximum liquid saturation can be decreased by more than one-third by using flow splitters. C1 [Basu, Suman; Wang, Chao-Yang] Penn State Univ, Electrochem Engine Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Basu, Suman; Wang, Chao-Yang] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Chen, Ken S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Electrochem Engine Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Wang, Chao-Yang/C-4122-2009 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR 031007 DI 10.1115/1.2971124 PG 11 GA 456HO UT WOS:000266835300006 ER PT J AU Tsai, A Banta, L Lawson, L Tucker, D AF Tsai, Alex Banta, Larry Lawson, Larry Tucker, David TI Determination of an Empirical Transfer Function of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Gas Turbine Hybrid System Via Frequency Response Analysis SO JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article CT 5th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology CY JUN 18-20, 2007 CL Brooklyn, NY DE Bode diagrams; frequency response; fuel cell power plants; gas turbine power stations; solid oxide fuel cells; transfer functions AB This paper presents the study of the effect variations in the heat effluence from a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has on a gas turbine hybrid configuration. The SOFC is simulated through hardware at the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The gas turbine, compressor, recuperative heat exchanger, and other balance of plant components are represented by actual hardware in the Hybrid Performance Test Facility at NETL. Fuel cell heat exhaust is represented by a combustor that is activated by a fuel cell model that computes energy release for various sensed system states System structure is derived by means of frequency response data generated by the sinusoidal oscillation of the combustor fuel valve over a range of frequencies covering three orders of magnitude. System delay and order are obtained from Bode plots of the magnitude and phase relationships between input and output parameters. Transfer functions for mass flow, temperature, pressure, and other states of interest are derived as a function of fuel valve flow, representative of fuel cell thermal effluent. The Bode plots can validate existing analytical transfer functions, provide steady state error detection, give a stability margin criterion for the fuel valve input, estimate system bandwidth, identify any nonminimum phase system behavior, pinpoint unstable frequencies, and serve as an element of a piecewise transfer function in the development of an overall transfer function matrix covering all system inputs and outputs of interest. Further loop shaping techniques and state space representation can be applied to this matrix in a multivariate control algorithm. C1 [Tsai, Alex; Banta, Larry] W Virginia Univ, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Tsai, Alex; Banta, Larry] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Lawson, Larry; Tucker, David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Tsai, A (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1550-624X J9 J FUEL CELL SCI TECH JI J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 6 IS 3 AR 034505 DI 10.1115/1.3006302 PG 8 GA 456HO UT WOS:000266835300019 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Ropond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cindolo, F Corradi, M Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Antonelli, S Basile, M Bindi, M Cifarelli, L Contin, A De Pasquale, S Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Paul, E Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Kaur, M Kaur, P Singh, I Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ibrahim, ZA Idris, FM Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Pawlik, B Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Behnke, O Behr, J Behrens, U Blohm, C Borras, K Bot, D Ciesielski, R Coppola, N Fang, S Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Huttmann, A Januschek, F Kahle, B Katkov, II Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lisovyi, M Lobodizinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Montanari, A Namsoo, T Notz, D Parenti, A Roloff, P Rubinsky, I Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Tomaszewska, J Wolf, G Wrona, K Yagues-Molina, AG Youngman, C Zeuner, W Drugakov, V Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Forrest, M Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Papageorgiu, K Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Perrey, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Stadie, H Turcato, M Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Aushev, V Bachynska, O Borodin, M Kadenko, I Kuprash, O Libov, V Lontkovskyi, D Makarenko, I Sorokin, I Verbytskyi, A Volynets, O Zolko, M Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Uribe-Estrada, C Corriveau, F Schwartz, J Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Abt, I Caldwell, A Kollar, D Reisert, B Schmidke, WB Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffemann, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Foster, B Gwenlan, C Horton, K Oliver, K Robertson, A Walczak, R Bertolin, A Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Brugnera, R Carlin, R Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Oh, BY Raval, A Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marimi, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Stern, A Kuze, M Maeda, J Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Sola, V Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Stewart, TP Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Jones, TW Loizides, JH Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Perlanski, W Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Tymieniecka, T Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Brownson, E Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Ropond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Bellagamba, L. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cindolo, F. Corradi, M. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Antonelli, S. Basile, M. Bindi, M. Cifarelli, L. Contin, A. De Pasquale, S. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Paul, E. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Kaur, M. Kaur, P. Singh, I. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ibrahim, Z. A. Idris, F. Mohamad Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Olkiewicz, K. Pawlik, B. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Behnke, O. Behr, J. Behrens, U. Blohm, C. Borras, K. Bot, D. Ciesielski, R. Coppola, N. Fang, S. Geiser, A. Goettlicher, P. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Huettmann, A. Januschek, F. Kahle, B. Katkov, I. I. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lisovyi, M. Lobodizinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Montanari, A. Namsoo, T. Notz, D. Parenti, A. Roloff, P. Rubinsky, I. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Tomaszewska, J. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Yaguees-Molina, A. G. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Drugakov, V. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Forrest, M. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Papageorgiu, K. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Perrey, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Stadie, H. Turcato, M. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Aushev, V. Bachynska, O. Borodin, M. Kadenko, I. Kuprash, O. Libov, V. Lontkovskyi, D. Makarenko, I. Sorokin, Iu. Verbytskyi, A. Volynets, O. Zolko, M. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Uribe-Estrada, C. Corriveau, F. Schwartz, J. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Gladkov, D. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Golubkov, Yu. A. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Abt, I. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Reisert, B. Schmidke, W. B. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffemann, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Devenish, R. C. E. Ferrando, J. Foster, B. Gwenlan, C. Horton, K. Oliver, K. Robertson, A. Walczak, R. Bertolin, A. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marimi, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Stern, A. Kuze, M. Maeda, J. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Costa, M. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Sola, V. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Stewart, T. P. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Perlanski, W. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Tymieniecka, T. Eisenberg, Y. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Brownson, E. Reeder, D. D. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZESUS Collaboration TI Scaled momentum distributions of charged particles in dijet photoproduction at HERA SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lepton-Nucleon Scattering ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; QCD JETS; E+E ANNIHILATION; QUARK JETS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; BREIT FRAME AB The scaled momentum distributions of charged particles in jets have been measured for dijet photoproduction with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 359 pl(-1). The distributions are compared to predictions based on pertubative QCD carried out in the framework of the modified leading-logarithmic approximation (MLLA) and assuming local parton-hadron duality (LPHD). The universal MLLA scale, Lambda(eff), and the LPHD parameter, K-ch, are extracted. C1 [Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Nicholass, D.; Ropond, J.; Yoshida, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Nicholass, D.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Mattingly, M. C. K.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Cindolo, F.; Corradi, M.; Iacobucci, G.; Margotti, A.; Nania, R.; Polini, A.; Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bartsch, D.; Brock, I.; Hartmann, H.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H. -P.; Juengst, M.; Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E.; Paul, E.; Samson, U.; Schoenberg, V.; Shehzadi, R.; Wlasenko, M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Brook, N. H.; Heath, G. P.; Morris, J. D.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Kaur, M.; Kaur, P.; Singh, I.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Kaur, P.; Singh, I.; Abramowicz, H.] Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. [Kim, J. Y.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Ibrahim, Z. A.; Idris, F. Mohamad; Kamaluddin, B.; Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan] Univ Malaya, Jabatan Fiz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Ning, Y.; Ren, Z.; Sciulli, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Eskreys, A.; Figiel, J.; Galas, A.; Olkiewicz, K.; Pawlik, B.; Stopa, P.; Zawiejski, L.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Adamczyk, L.; Bold, T.; Grabowska-Bold, I.; Kisielewska, D.; Lukasik, J.; Przybycien, M.; Suszycki, L.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. [Kotanski, A.; Slominski, W.] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Behnke, O.; Behr, J.; Behrens, U.; Blohm, C.; Borras, K.; Bot, D.; Ciesielski, R.; Coppola, N.; Fang, S.; Geiser, A.; Goettlicher, P.; Grebenyuk, J.; Gregor, I.; Haas, T.; Hain, W.; Huettmann, A.; Januschek, F.; Kahle, B.; Katkov, I. I.; Klein, U.; Koetz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodizinska, E.; Loehr, B.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A.; Miglioranzi, S.; Montanari, A.; Namsoo, T.; Notz, D.; Parenti, A.; Roloff, P.; Rubinsky, I.; Schneekloth, U.; Spiridonov, A.; Szuba, D.; Szuba, J.; Theedt, T.; Tomaszewska, J.; Wolf, G.; Wrona, K.; Yaguees-Molina, A. G.; Youngman, C.; Zeuner, W.] DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. [Spiridonov, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Szuba, D.] INP, Krakow, Poland. [Szuba, J.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, FPACS, Krakow, Poland. [Drugakov, V.; Lohmann, W.; Schlenstedt, S.] DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. [Barbagli, G.; Gallo, E.; Pelfer, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Pelfer, P. G.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Bamberger, A.; Dobur, D.; Karstens, F.; Vlasov, N. N.] Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. [Bussey, P. J.; Doyle, A. T.; Forrest, M.; Saxon, D. H.; Skillicorn, I. O.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Gialas, I.; Papageorgiu, K.] Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Mytilence, Greece. [Holm, U.; Klanner, R.; Lohrmann, E.; Perrey, H.; Schleper, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Sztuk, J.; Stadie, H.; Turcato, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Foudas, C.; Fry, C.; Long, K. R.; Tapper, A. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. [Matsumoto, T.; Nagano, K.; Tokushuku, K.; Yamada, S.; Yamazaki, Y.] KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Barakbaev, A. N.; Boos, E. G.; Pokrovskiy, N. S.; Zhautykov, B. O.] Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Aushev, V.; Bachynska, O.; Borodin, M.; Kadenko, I.; Kuprash, O.; Libov, V.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Sorokin, Iu.; Verbytskyi, A.; Volynets, O.; Zolko, M.] Keio Natl Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. [Aushev, V.; Bachynska, O.; Borodin, M.; Kadenko, I.; Kuprash, O.; Libov, V.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Sorokin, Iu.; Verbytskyi, A.; Volynets, O.; Zolko, M.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. [Gialas, I.; Boutle, S. K.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Son, D.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. [de Favereau, J.; Piotrzkowski, K.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Barreiro, F.; Glasman, C.; Jimenez, M.; del Peso, J.; Ron, E.; Terron, J.; Uribe-Estrada, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. [Corriveau, F.; Schwartz, J.; Zhou, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Tsurugai, T.] Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Antonov, A.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Gladkov, D.; Sosnovtsev, V.; Stifutkin, A.; Suchkov, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Dementiev, R. K.; Ermolov, P. F.; Gladilin, L. K.; Golubkov, Yu. A.; Khein, L. A.; Korzhavina, I. A.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Levchenko, B. B.; Lukina, O. Yu.; Proskuryakov, A. S.; Shcheglova, L. M.; Zotkin, D. S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Abt, I.; Caldwell, A.; Kollar, D.; Reisert, B.; Schmidke, W. B.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffemann, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffemann, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bruemmer, N.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Lee, A.; Ling, T. Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allfrey, P. D.; Bell, M. A.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R. C. E.; Ferrando, J.; Foster, B.; Gwenlan, C.; Horton, K.; Oliver, K.; Robertson, A.; Walczak, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Bertolin, A.; Dal Corso, F.; Dusini, S.; Longhin, A.; Stanco, L.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Oh, B. Y.; Raval, A.; Whitmore, J. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Iga, Y.] Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [D'Agostini, G.; Marimi, G.; Nigro, A.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [D'Agostini, G.; Marimi, G.; Nigro, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Cole, J. E.; Hart, J. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Abramowicz, H.; Ingbir, R.; Kananov, S.; Levy, A.; Stern, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kuze, M.; Maeda, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Hamatsu, R.; Kaji, H.; Kitamura, S.; Ota, O.; Ri, Y. D.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.; Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. [Fourletov, S.; Martin, J. F.; Stewart, T. P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Boutle, S. K.; Butterworth, J. M.; Jones, T. W.; Loizides, J. H.; Wing, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Wing, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Brzozowska, B.; Ciborowski, J.; Grzelak, G.; Kulinski, P.; Luzniak, P.; Malka, J.; Nowak, R. J.; Pawlak, J. M.; Perlanski, W.; Zarnecki, A. F.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Ciborowski, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Adamus, M.; Plucinski, P.; Tymieniecka, T.] Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Eisenberg, Y.; Hochman, D.; Karshon, U.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Brownson, E.; Reeder, D. D.; Savin, A. A.; Smith, W. H.; Wolfe, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bhadra, S.; Catterall, C. D.; Cui, Y.; Hartner, G.; Menary, S.; Noor, U.; Standage, J.; Whyte, J.] York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tobias.haas@desy.de RI Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; NR 58 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 077 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/077 PG 28 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 499KW UT WOS:000270220000077 ER PT J AU Dixon, LJ Sofianatos, Y AF Dixon, Lance J. Sofianatos, Yorgos TI Analytic one-loop amplitudes for a Higgs boson plus four partons SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE NLO Computations; QCD; Higgs Physics; Hadronic Colliders ID HELICITY AMPLITUDES; QCD CORRECTIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; FEYNMAN-INTEGRALS; PROTON COLLIDERS; TREE AMPLITUDES; GAUGE-THEORIES; VECTOR-MESONS; YANG-MILLS; REDUCTION AB We compute the one-loop QCD amplitudes for the processes H (q) over barq (Q) over barQ and H (q) over bar qgg, the latter restricted to the case of opposite-helicity gluons. Analytic expressions are presented for the color- and helicity-decomposed amplitudes. The coupling of the Higgs boson to gluons is treated by an effective interaction in the limit of large top quark mass. The Higgs field is split into a complex field phi and its complex conjugate phi(dagger). The split is useful because amplitudes involving phi have different analytic structure from those involving phi(dagger). We compute the cut-containing pieces of the amplitudes using generalized unitarity. The remaining rational parts are obtained by on-shell recursion. Our results for H (q) over barq (Q) over barQ agree with previous semi-numerical computations. We also show how to convert existing semi-numerical results for the production of a scalar Higgs boson into analogous results for a pseudoscalar Higgs boson. C1 [Dixon, Lance J.; Sofianatos, Yorgos] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Dixon, LJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM lance@slac.stanford.edu; yorgos@slac.stanford.edu FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX Research supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 110 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 058 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/058 PG 56 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 499KW UT WOS:000270220000058 ER PT J AU Hatta, Y Ueda, T Xiao, BW AF Hatta, Yoshitaka Ueda, Takahiro Xiao, Bo-Wen TI Polarized DIS in N=4 SYM: where is spin at strong coupling? SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Deep Inelastic Scattering; AdS-CFT Correspondence ID INELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1); SMALL-X; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PROTON; EXCHANGE; ALGEBRA; MODEL; G1 AB Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we calculate the polarized structure functions in strongly coupled N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory deformed in the infrared. We find that the flavor singlet contribution to the g 1 structure function is vanishingly small, while the flavor non-singlet contribution shows the Regge behavior at small-x with an intercept slightly less than 1. We explicitly check that the latter satisfies the moment sum rule. We discuss the 'spin crisis' problem and suggest that at strong coupling the spin of a hadron entirely comes from the orbital angular momentum. C1 [Hatta, Yoshitaka; Ueda, Takahiro] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Xiao, Bo-Wen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hatta, Y (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. EM hatta@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; tueda@het.ph.tsukuba.ac.jp; BXiao@lbl.gov NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 007 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/007 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 499KW UT WOS:000270220000007 ER PT J AU Hurth, T Porod, W AF Hurth, Tobias Porod, Werner TI Flavour violating squark and gluino decays SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetry Phenomenology ID ELECTROWEAK PRECISION OBSERVABLES; SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; X-S-GAMMA; LINEAR COLLIDER; PHYSICS; MSSM; ASYMMETRY; BOUNDS; PROBE; LHC AB We consider scenarios with large flavour violating entries in the squark mass matrices focusing on the mixing between second and third generation squarks. These entries govern both, flavour violating low energy observables on the one hand and squark and gluino decays on the other hand. We first discuss the constraints on the parameter space due to the recent data on B mesons from the B factories and Tevatron. We then consider flavour violating squark and gluino decays and show that they can still be typically of order 10% despite the stringent constraints from low energy data. Finally we briefly comment on the impact for searches and parameter determinations at future collider experiments such as the upcoming LHC or a future International Linear Collider. C1 [Hurth, Tobias] CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Hurth, Tobias] Stanford Univ, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Porod, Werner] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Hurth, T (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, Dept Phys, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM Tobias.Hurth@cern.ch; porod@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de FU European Network [MRTN-CT-2006-035505]; DFG [PO 1337/1-1] FX This work is supported by the European Network MRTN-CT-2006-035505 'HEPTOOLS'. W. P. is is partially supported by the DFG, project Nr. PO 1337/1-1. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 087 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/087 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 499KW UT WOS:000270220000087 ER PT J AU Lunghi, E Soni, A AF Lunghi, Enrico Soni, Amarjit TI Hints for the scale of new CP-violating physics from B-CP anomalies SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Beyond Standard Model; B-Physics; CP violation; Kaon Physics ID LEADING LOGARITHMS; CKM MATRIX; QCD FACTORIZATION; DECAY AMPLITUDES; MASS DIFFERENCE; ASYMMETRIES; SIN(2-BETA); PARAMETERS; QUARK; GAMMA AB We consider several hints for new physics involving CP-asymmetries in B-decays and interpret them in terms of generic contributions to effective Wilson coefficients. The effects we focus on are: the differences in the fitted value of sin 2 beta versus the ones directly measured via the time dependent CP asymmetries in B -> J/psi K or via B -> (phi, eta')K; the difference between the direct CP asymmetries in B- -> K-pi(0) and (b) over bar (0) -> K-pi(+) and the approximate to 2.2 sigma indications for the CP-asymmetry in B-s -> J/psi phi. To alleviate concerns regarding the disagreement between inclusive and exclusive V-ub, we show that our results hold even without the inclusion of V-ub in the analysis. We find that no matter what kind of new physics (NP) is invoked to explain these effects, its effective scale is bounded from above from a few hundred GeV to a few TeV depending on specific assumptions regarding the type of new physics. The only exception to this is when the NP contribution is assumed to reside entirely in LR operators in K mixing, then the scale of NP can be as high as around 24 TeV; however, this case cannot account for CP asymmetry in B-s -> J/psi phi or a difference in sin 2 beta from penguin modes compared to that from J/psi K or for that matter the large difference seen between direct CP asymmetries in K-pi(+) and in K-pi(0). C1 [Lunghi, Enrico] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lunghi, E (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, 727 E 3rd St, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM elunghi@indiana.edu; soni@bnl.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We want to thank Kaustubh Agashe, Marcella Bona, Andrezj Buras, Hai-Yang Cheng, Diego Guadagnoli, Mikihiko Nakao and Viola Sordini for discussions. This research was supported in part by the U.S. DOE contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886(BNL). NR 63 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 051 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/051 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 499KW UT WOS:000270220000051 ER PT J AU Meissner, S Metz, A Schlegel, M AF Meissner, Stephan Metz, Andreas Schlegel, Marc TI Generalized parton correlation functions for a spin-1/2 hadron SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Deep Inelastic Scattering; Hadronic Colliders; Parton Model ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; HARD-SCATTERING; PRODUCTION ASYMMETRIES; DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; GAUGE; ELECTROPRODUCTION; LEPTOPRODUCTION; QUARK; LINES AB The fully unintegrated, off-diagonal quark-quark correlator for a spin-1/2 hadron is parameterized in terms of so-called generalized parton correlation functions. Such objects, in particular, can be considered as mother distributions of generalized parton distributions on the one hand and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions on the other. Therefore, our study provides new, model-independent insights into the recently proposed nontrivial relations between generalized and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. We find that none of these relations can be promoted to a model-independent status. As a by-product we obtain the first complete classification of generalized parton distributions beyond leading twist. The present paper is a natural extension of our previous corresponding analysis for spin-0 hadrons. C1 [Meissner, Stephan] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Metz, Andreas] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Schlegel, Marc] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Meissner, S (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Univ Str 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM stephan.meissner@tp2.rub.de; metza@temple.edu; schlegel@jlab.org NR 59 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 IS 8 AR 056 DI 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/056 PG 40 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 499KW UT WOS:000270220000056 ER PT J AU Channell, PJ AF Channell, P. J. TI Two-stream instability model with electrons trapped in quadrupoles SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Low-energy ion storage; Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics; single-particle dynamics) AB We formulate the theory of the two-stream instability (e-cloud instability) with electrons trapped in quadrupole magnets. We show that a linear instability theory can be sensibly formulated and analyzed. The growth rates are considerably smaller than the linear growth rates for the two-stream instability in drift spaces and are close to those actually observed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Channell, PJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pchannell@lanl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 4 AR P08008 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/4/08/P08008 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 497RY UT WOS:000270080200008 ER PT J AU Piekarz, H AF Piekarz, H. TI Dual fast-cycling superconducting synchrotron at Fermilab and a possible path to the future of high energy particle physics SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Accelerator modelling and simulations (multi-particle dynamics; single-particle dynamics); Acceleration cavities and magnets superconducting (high-temperature superconductor; radiation hardened magnets; normal-conducting; permanent magnet devices; wigglers and undulators) ID TRANSMISSION-LINE MAGNET; NEUTRINO MASS; COATED CONDUCTORS; AC LOSS AB We briefly outline shorter and longer term physics motivation for constructing a dual, fast-cycling superconducting synchrotron accelerator (DSFMR - Dual Super-Ferric Main Ring) in the Tevatron tunnel at Fermilab. We discuss using this accelerator as a high-intensity dual neutrino beam source for the long-baseline neutrino oscillation search experiments, and also as a fast, dual pre-injector accelerator for the VLHC (Very Large Hadron Collider). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Piekarz, H (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hpiekarz@fnal.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 4 AR P08007 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/4/08/P08007 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 497RY UT WOS:000270080200007 ER PT J AU Savukov, IM Zotev, VS Volegov, PL Espy, MA Matlashov, AN Gomez, JJ Kraus, RH AF Savukov, I. M. Zotev, V. S. Volegov, P. L. Espy, M. A. Matlashov, A. N. Gomez, J. J. Kraus, R. H., Jr. TI MRI with an atomic magnetometer suitable for practical imaging applications SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE MRI; Ultra-low field; Atomic magnetometer; SQUID ID MICROTESLA MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NMR; RELAXATION AB Conventionally implemented MRI is performed in a strong magnetic field, typically >1 T. The high fields, however, can lead to many limitations. To overcome these limitations, Ultra-low field (ULF) [or microtesla] MRI systems have been proposed and implemented. To-date such systems rely on low-Tc Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) leading to the requirement of cryogens. In this letter, we report ULF-MRI obtained with a non-cryogenic atomic magnetometer. This demonstration creates opportunities for developing inexpensive and widely applicable MRI scanners. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Savukov, I. M.; Zotev, V. S.; Volegov, P. L.; Espy, M. A.; Matlashov, A. N.; Gomez, J. J.; Kraus, R. H., Jr.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Savukov, IM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM isavukov@lanl.gov OI Savukov, Igor/0000-0003-4190-5335 FU LANL LDRD program FX This work was supported by the LANL LDRD program. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 199 IS 2 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.04.012 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 471CQ UT WOS:000268032700008 PM 19435672 ER PT J AU Inaba, Y Torres, KL Cole, A Vanfleet, R Ott, R Klemmer, T Harrell, JW Thompson, GB AF Inaba, Yuki Torres, Karen L. Cole, Amanda Vanfleet, Richard Ott, Ronald Klemmer, Tim Harrell, J. W. Thompson, Gregory B. TI Thermal annealing of FePt thin films by millisecond plasma arc pulses SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE FePt; L1(0) ordering; Rapid thermal annealing ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-GROWTH; L1(0); NANOPARTICLES; FERROMAGNETS; COPT AB A series of 20 and 100 nm Fe(53)Pt(47) thin films sputter-deposited onto Si substrates have been thermally annealed using a pulsed thermal plasma arc lamp. A series of one, three or five pulses were applied to the thin films with widths of either 50 or 100 ms. The microstructure and magnetic properties of these annealed Fe(53)Pt(47) films are discussed according to the various annealing conditions and A1 to L1(0) phase transformation. Upon pulse annealing, the average in-plane grain size of 15 nm (nearly equivalent for both film thicknesses) was observed to increase to values near 20 nm. In general, increasing the pulse width or number of pulses increased the L1(0) order parameter, tetragonality of the c/a ratio and coercivity of the specimen. The exception to this trend was for five pulses at 100 ms for both film thicknesses, which indicated a reduction of the order parameter and coercivity. This reduction is believed to be a result of the interdiffusion of Fe and Pt into the Si substrate and the formation of iron oxide clusters in the grain boundaries characterized by atom probe tomography. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Torres, Karen L.; Cole, Amanda; Thompson, Gregory B.] Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Inaba, Yuki] Univ Alabama, Ctr Mat & Informat Technol, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Vanfleet, Richard] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Ott, Ronald] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Klemmer, Tim] Seagate Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. [Harrell, J. W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Thompson, GB (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM gthompson@eng.ua.edu FU Materials for Information Technology at the University of Alabama; National Science Foundation [NSF-DMR-0529369, NSF-DMR-0421376, NSF-DMR-0722631]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX The authors gratefully recognize the Center for Materials for Information Technology at the University of Alabama and the National Science Foundation (NSF-DMR-0529369) for supporting this research. The ORNL lamp research is sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy. The TEM and laser on the LEAP were acquired through the NSF major instrumentation Grant NSF-DMR-0421376 and NSF-DMR-0722631, respectively. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 321 IS 16 BP 2451 EP 2458 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.03.019 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 445FQ UT WOS:000266036000014 ER PT J AU Zhong, H Huang, L Wei, D Wang, SM Zhu, YM Yuan, J AF Zhong, Hai Huang, Lei Wei, Dan Wang, Sumei Zhu, Yimei Yuan, Jun TI Experimental determination of ultra-sharp stray field distribution from a magnetic vortex core structure SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Letter DE Vortex core; MFM; Micromagnetic ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TIP AB The fine magnetic stray field from a vortex structure of micron-sized permalloy (Ni(80)Fe(20)) elements has been studied by high-resolution magnetic force microscopy. By systematically studying the width of the stray filed gradient distribution at different tip-to-sample distances, we show that the half-width at half-maximum (HWHM) of the signal from vortex core can be as narrow as similar to 21 nm at a closest tip-to-sample distance of 23 nm, even including the convolution effect of the finite size of the magnetic tip, a weak circular reverse component is found around the center of the magnetic vortex in the measured magnetic force microscope (MFM) signals, which can be attributed to the reverse magnetization around the vortex core. Successive micromagnetic and MFM imaging simulations show good agreements with our experimental results on the width of the stray field distribution. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhong, Hai; Wei, Dan; Wang, Sumei] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Adv Mat Lab, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Zhong, Hai; Yuan, Jun] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Huang, Lei; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yuan, Jun] Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Zhong, H (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Adv Mat Lab, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM qdharry@gmail.com RI Yuan, Jun/J-2577-2012; Zhong, Hai/E-9939-2016 OI Yuan, Jun/0000-0001-5833-4570; Zhong, Hai/0000-0002-6298-4071 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 321 IS 15 BP L37 EP L40 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.01.027 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 445FS UT WOS:000266036200003 ER PT J AU Zhang, ZW Chen, G Bei, HB Li, F Ye, F Chen, GL Liu, CT AF Zhang, Zhongwu Chen, Guang Bei, Hongbin Li, Feng Ye, Feng Chen, Guoliang Liu, Chain-Tsuan TI Directional recrystallization and microstructures of an Fe-6.5wt%Si alloy SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLUMNAR GRAIN-GROWTH; COMMERCIAL PURE IRON; NICKEL; SUPERALLOYS; EVOLUTION; VELOCITY; TEXTURE; RIBBONS; MA-6000; BASE AB Directional recrystallization of an Fe-6.5wt%Si alloy was investigated by changing hot zone temperatures and growth rates. Elongated (columnar) grains with an aspect ratio more than 10 can be produced when growth parameters are carefully adjusted. It was found that at a fixed growth rate, the grain length and aspect ratio increase with increased hot zone temperatures. At a fixed hot zone temperature, there is a critical growth rate at which columnar grains have the largest average aspect ratio. Below or above this growth rate, the aspect ratio decreases. Texture and grain orientation analysis showed that the preferentially selective growth to form columnar grains was favored by the formation of low-energy surfaces and grain boundaries. C1 [Zhang, Zhongwu; Chen, Guang; Li, Feng; Chen, Guoliang] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Mat Behav & Design, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China. [Chen, Guang; Bei, Hongbin; Liu, Chain-Tsuan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ye, Feng; Chen, Guoliang] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Liu, Chain-Tsuan] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Mat Behav & Design, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China. EM Gchen@mail.njust.edu.cn; Beih@ornl.gov RI Ye, Feng/G-8236-2014; zhang, zhongwu/G-1875-2012; OI Ye, Feng/0000-0002-8808-9075; zhang, zhongwu/0000-0002-2874-2976; Bei, Hongbin/0000-0003-0283-7990 FU Science and Technology Development Foundation of Nanjing University of Science and Technology [XKF09055]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [50431030, 50871054]; United States Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This work was supported by the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Nanjing University of Science and Technology (XKF09055) and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Nos. 50431030 and 50871054). Work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the United States Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2654 EP 2660 DI 10.1557/JMR.2009.0303 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 481RL UT WOS:000268829300025 ER PT J AU Kumar, R Kalmodia, S Nath, S Singh, D Basu, B AF Kumar, Ravi Kalmodia, Sushma Nath, Shekhar Singh, Dileep Basu, Bikramjit TI Phase assemblage study and cytocompatibility property of heat treated potassium magnesium phosphate-silicate ceramics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BIOCERAMICS AB This article reports the study on a new generation bioactive ceramic, based on MgKPO(4) (Magnesium Potassium Phosphate, abbreviated as MKP) for biomedical applications. A series of heat treatment experiments on the slip cast silica (SiO(2)) containing MKP ceramics were carried out at 900, 1,000 and 1,100A degrees C for 4 h in air. The density of the slip cast ceramic increases to 2.5 gm/cm(3) upon heat treatment at 900A degrees C. However, no significant change in density is measured upon heat treatment to higher temperature of 1,000 and 1,100A degrees C. On the basis of XRD results, the presence of K(2)MgSi(5)O(12) and dehydrated MgKPO(4) were confirmed and complementary information has also been obtained using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. In order to confirm the in vitro cytocompatibility property, the cell culture tests were carried out on selected samples and the results reveal good cell adhesion and spreading of L929 mouse fibroblast cells. MTT assay analysis with L929 cells confirmed non-cytotoxic behavior of MKP containing ceramics and the results are comparable with sintered HAp ceramics. It is expected that the newly developed MKP based materials could be a good substitute for hydroxyapatite (HAp or HA) based bioceramics. C1 [Kumar, Ravi; Kalmodia, Sushma; Nath, Shekhar; Basu, Bikramjit] Indian Inst Technol, Lab Adv Ceram, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Singh, Dileep] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Basu, B (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Lab Adv Ceram, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM bikram@iitk.ac.in RI BASU, BIKRAMJIT/A-9967-2013; OI Nath, Shekhar/0000-0003-1153-1213 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1689 EP 1695 DI 10.1007/s10856-009-3725-1 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 472BE UT WOS:000268103300013 PM 19301102 ER PT J AU Popa, R Popa, R Mashall, MJ Nguyen, H Tebo, BM Brauer, S AF Popa, Radu Popa, Rodica Mashall, Matthew J. Nguyen, Hien Tebo, Bradley M. Brauer, Suzanna TI Limitations and benefits of ARISA intra-genomic diversity fingerprinting SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Review DE ARISA-IGDF; ITS; Molecular fingerprinting; qPCR ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; PCR; POLYMORPHISMS; THIOOXIDANS; SHEWANELLA AB Monitoring diversity changes and contamination in mixed cultures and simple microcosms is challenged by fast community structure dynamics, and the need for means allowing fast, cost-efficient and accurate identification of microorganisms at high phylogenetic resolution. The method we explored is a variant of Automated rRNA Intergenic Spacer Analysis based on Intra-Genomic Diversity Fingerprinting (ARISA-IGDF), and identifies phylotypes with multiple 16S-23S rRNA gene Intergenic Transcribed Spacers. We verified the effect of PCR conditions (annealing temperature, duration of final extension, number of cycles, group-specific primers and formamide) on ARISA-IGD fingerprints of 44 strains of Shewanella. We present a digitization algorithm and data analysis procedures needed to determine confidence in strain identification. Though using stringent PCR conditions and group-specific primers allow reasonably accurate identification of strains with three ARISA-IGD amplicons within the 82-1000 bp size range, ARISA-IGDF is best for phylotypes with >= 4 unambiguously different amplicons. This method allows monitoring the occurrence of culturable microbes and can be implemented in applications requiring high phylogenetic resolution, reproducibility, low cost and high throughput such as identifying contamination and monitoring the evolution of diversity in mixed cultures and low diversity microcosms and periodic screening of small microbial culture libraries. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Popa, Radu; Popa, Rodica; Nguyen, Hien] Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Mashall, Matthew J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tebo, Bradley M.; Brauer, Suzanna] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Environm & Biomol Sci, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Popa, R (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, 1719 SW 10th Ave,SB2 Room 246, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM rpopa@pdx.edu RI Tebo, Bradley/A-8432-2017 OI Tebo, Bradley/0000-0002-6301-4325 FU NASA [NNH07ZDA001N-EXOB]; Portland State University FX This work was supported by a research grant from a NASA Astrobiology Program (NNH07ZDA001N-EXOB) and by a 2008 Portland State University Faculty Enhancement Grant. We thank Dr. Mitch Cruzan and Trieste Dobberstein (PSU) for support with using the ABI 310 sequencer, Dr. Niles Lehman (PSU) for access to the Typhoon gel reader, Dr. James K. Fredrickson (PNNL) for Shewanella strains from the PNNL culture collection, Dr. Ken Stedman for access to the gradient PCR instrument and Dr. Kenneth Nealson, Dr. Ana Obratsova and Shana Rapoport for strains from the USC culture collection. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD AUG PY 2009 VL 78 IS 2 BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2009.06.005 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 481OI UT WOS:000268820700001 PM 19538993 ER PT J AU Czaplewski, DA Patrizi, GA Kraus, GM Wendt, JR Nordquist, CD Wolfley, SL Baker, MS de Boer, MP AF Czaplewski, David A. Patrizi, Gary A. Kraus, Garth M. Wendt, Joel R. Nordquist, Christopher D. Wolfley, Steven L. Baker, Michael S. de Boer, Maarten P. TI A nanomechanical switch for integration with CMOS logic SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CAPACITORS; RESOLUTION; SILICON; DESIGN AB We designed, fabricated and measured the performance of nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) switches. Initial data are reported with one of the switch designs having a measured switching time of 400 ns and an operating voltage of 5 V. The switches operated laterally with unmeasurable leakage current in the 'off' state. Surface micromachining techniques were used to fabricate the switches. All processing was CMOS compatible. A single metal layer, defined by a single mask step, was used as the mechanical switch layer. The details of the modeling, fabrication and testing of the NEMS switches are reported. C1 [Czaplewski, David A.; Patrizi, Gary A.; Kraus, Garth M.; Wendt, Joel R.; Nordquist, Christopher D.; Wolfley, Steven L.; Baker, Michael S.; de Boer, Maarten P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Czaplewski, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 FU Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank the sponsor of this project, Amit Lal, from the DARPA NEMS program, Franklin H Austin and the MESA Fab for device fabrication, and Bonnie B McKenzie and Michael J Rye for SEM analysis. Sandia National Laboratory is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 EI 1361-6439 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 AR 085003 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/19/8/085003 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 476BS UT WOS:000268412400005 ER PT J AU Hazra, SS Baker, MS Beuth, JL de Boer, MP AF Hazra, Siddharth S. Baker, Michael S. Beuth, Jack L. de Boer, Maarten P. TI Demonstration of an in situ on-chip tensile tester SO JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SILICON THIN-FILMS; MEMS; MICROSCOPY; MECHANICS; STRENGTH; FAILURE AB Polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) strength data reported in the literature usually present results from only a limited number of trials because of the difficulties in applying high forces to the high-strength specimens. These forces are most often applied by off-chip actuators, which can pose cumbersome alignment issues. Here we demonstrate a compact on-chip tester using a thermal actuator to apply stress to a self-aligning tensile specimen via a prehensile grip mechanism. Preliminary characteristic strength and Weibull modulus values of 3.05 GPa and 12.8, respectively, are reported, in good agreement with other literature data. By querying the fracture strain of the material, this distinct measurement approach complements other methods of testing the strength of brittle polysilicon. Instrinsic test time is 5 min or less, and the area occupied is relatively small compared to other on-chip tensile test devices. This will enable many trials for high confidence in polysilicon strength distribution in future work. C1 [Hazra, Siddharth S.; Beuth, Jack L.; de Boer, Maarten P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Baker, Michael S.; de Boer, Maarten P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP de Boer, MP (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mpdebo@sandia.gov RI de Boer, Maarten/C-1525-2013 OI de Boer, Maarten/0000-0003-1574-9324 FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company FX The authors acknowledge the staff at the Microelectronics Development Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories for fabricating the samples. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract no DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0960-1317 J9 J MICROMECH MICROENG JI J. Micromech. Microeng. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 19 IS 8 AR 082001 DI 10.1088/0960-1317/19/8/082001 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 476BS UT WOS:000268412400001 ER PT J AU Hildebrand, M Holton, G Joy, DC Doktycz, MJ Allison, DP AF Hildebrand, M. Holton, G. Joy, D. C. Doktycz, M. J. Allison, D. P. TI Diverse and conserved nano- and mesoscale structures of diatom silica revealed by atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Diatom; biosilicification; atomic force microscopy; nanomaterials; biomineralization ID CELL-WALL; FINE-STRUCTURE; VALVE MORPHOGENESIS; SHELL FORMATION; THALASSIOSIRA-PSEUDONANA; NAVICULA-PELLICULOSA; CENTRIC DIATOM; IN-VITRO; BIOSILICA; BACILLARIOPHYCEAE AB An outstanding example of biological pattern formation at the single cell level is the diversity of biomineral structures in the silica cell walls of the unicellular eukaryotic algae known as diatoms. We present a survey of cell wall silica structures of 16 diatom species, which included all major cell wall components(valves, girdle bands and setae), imaged across the nano-, meso-and microscales using atomic force microscopy. Because of atomic force microscopy's superior ability to image surface topology, this approach enabled visualization of the organization of possible underlying organic molecules involved in mineral structure formation. Diatom nanoscale silica structure varied greatly comparing the same feature in different species and different features within a single species, and frequently on different faces of the same object. These data indicate that there is not a strict relation between nanoscale silica morphology and the type of structure that contains it. On the mesoscale, there was a preponderance of linear structures regardless of the object imaged, suggesting that assembly or organization of linear organic molecules or subcellular assemblies that confine a linear space play an essential and conserved role in structure formation on that scale. Microscale structure imparted an overall influence over nano- and mesoscale structure, indicating that shaping of the silica deposition vesicle plays a key role in structure formation. These results provide insights into the design and assembly principles involved in diatom silica structure formation, facilitating an understanding of the native system and potentially aiding in development of biomimetic approaches. C1 [Hildebrand, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Holton, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Nanoscale Syst Grp, Biosci Div, Undergrad Lab Internships SULI, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Joy, D. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Allison, D. P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hildebrand, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM mhildebrand@ucsd.edu RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research [RF00965521]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy; US Department of Energy [AC05-00OR22725] FX Work by M. H. was supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Grant RF00965521. D. P. A. and M. J. D. acknowledge support from the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. G. A. H. was supported in part by an appointment to the U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE) Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships ( SULI) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ( ORNL) administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. NR 46 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 235 IS 2 BP 172 EP 187 PG 16 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 474QW UT WOS:000268300100007 PM 19659911 ER PT J AU Gleber, SC Thieme, J Chao, W Fischer, P AF Gleber, S. -C. Thieme, J. Chao, W. Fischer, P. TI Stereo soft X-ray microscopy and elemental mapping of haematite and clay suspensions SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE Soft X-ray microscopy; stereo microscopy; elemental mapping; environmental science; iron oxides; clay minerals; soil colloids ID COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; RESOLUTION; MINERALS; IMAGES; IRON AB The combination of high-resolution chemically sensitive soft X-ray microscopy with stereo imaging and processing techniques presented here forms a novel tool for the investigation of aqueous colloidal systems. Information about the spatial distribution within the sample is provided with small calculation effort processing just a pair of stereo micrographs. Thus, the extension towards investigation of dynamical behaviour is possible on the part of the experiment as well as of the processing. The potential of this technique is demonstrated with applications in aqueous soil and clay samples. Within these samples, haematite particles are identified taking advantage of the elemental contrast at the Fe-L edge around E = 707 eV. In combination with stereo microscopy, information about spatial arrangements are revealed and correlated to electrostatic interactions of the different mixtures, addressing to an actual question of soil scientists. The technique allows in-situ sample manipulation, which is demonstrated by a test specimen where particles were added during imaging. C1 [Gleber, S. -C.; Thieme, J.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Xray Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Chao, W.; Fischer, P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gleber, SC (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Xray Phys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. EM sgleber@gwdg.de RI Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; Thieme, Juergen/D-6814-2013 OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; FU DFG [Th445/8-1, Th445/8-2]; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences; Engineering Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy FX This work has been supported by the DFG under contract numbers Th445/8-1 and Th445/8-2. Operation of the soft X-ray microscope is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U. S. Department of Energy. Thanks to J. Niemeyer, University of Gottingen, who prepared the haematite suspension. We would like to thank the staff of ALS and CXRO for providing excellent working conditions. We also highly appreciate the valuable comments of the anonymous referees. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 235 IS 2 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 474QW UT WOS:000268300100009 PM 19659913 ER PT J AU Bickel, RD Schackwitz, WS Pennacchio, LA Nuzhdin, SV Kopp, A AF Bickel, Ryan D. Schackwitz, Wendy S. Pennacchio, Len A. Nuzhdin, Sergey V. Kopp, Artyom TI Contrasting Patterns of Sequence Evolution at the Functionally Redundant bric A brac Paralogs in Drosophila melanogaster SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Drosophila melanogaster; bric a brac; Population genetics; Pigmentation; Duplicated genes ID DNA-BINDING DOMAIN; SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC TRAITS; DUPLICATE GENES; STATISTICAL TESTS; A-BRAC; OVARY MORPHOGENESIS; POSITIVE SELECTION; PROTEIN EVOLUTION; GENOME EVOLUTION; HOX CLUSTERS AB Genes with overlapping expression and function may gradually diverge despite retaining some common functions. To test whether such genes show distinct patterns of molecular evolution within species, we examined sequence variation at the bric A brac (bab) locus of Drosophila melanogaster. This locus is composed of two anciently duplicated paralogs, bab1 and bab2, which are involved in patterning the adult abdomen, legs, and ovaries. We have sequenced the 148 kb genomic region spanning the bab1 and bab2 genes from 94 inbred lines of D. melanogaster sampled from a single location. Two non-coding regions, one in each paralog, appear to be under selection. The strongest evidence of directional selection is found in a region of bab2 that has no known functional role. The other region is located in the bab1 paralog and is known to contain a cis-regulatory element that controls sex-specific abdominal pigmentation. The coding region of bab1 appears to be under stronger functional constraint than the bab2 coding sequences. Thus, the two paralogs are evolving under different selective regimes in the same natural population, illuminating the different evolutionary trajectories of partially redundant duplicate genes. C1 [Bickel, Ryan D.; Nuzhdin, Sergey V.] Univ So Calif, Sect Mol & Computat Biol, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kopp, Artyom] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Schackwitz, Wendy S.; Pennacchio, Len A.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Bickel, RD (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Sect Mol & Computat Biol, Dept Biol Sci, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM rbickel@usc.edu NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2844 J9 J MOL EVOL JI J. Mol. Evol. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 69 IS 2 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1007/s00239-009-9265-y PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 480YK UT WOS:000268773000007 PM 19639236 ER PT J AU Yu, HG AF Yu, Hua-Gen TI A general rigorous quantum dynamics algorithm to calculate vibrational energy levels of pentaatomic molecules SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review DE Vibrational spectrum; Variational calculation; Five-atom molecule; Large amplitude motion; Methane and van der Waals complex ID TETRA-ATOMIC MOLECULES; DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATIONS; LANCZOS PROPAGATION METHOD; SPECTRAL TRANSFORM METHOD; ROVIBRATIONAL ENERGIES; VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; TETRAATOMIC MOLECULES; FORCE-FIELD; FILTER DIAGONALIZATION AB An exact variational algorithm is presented for calculating vibrational energy levels of pentaatomic molecules without any dynamical approximation. The quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of the system is expressed in a set of orthogonal coordinates defined by four scattering vectors in the body-fixed frame. The eigenvalue problem is solved using a two-layer Lanczos iterative diagonalization method in a mixed grid/basis set. A direct product potential-optimized discrete variable representation (PO-DVR) basis is used for the radial coordinates while a non-direct product finite basis representation (FBR) is employed for the angular variables. The two-layer Lanczos method requires only the actions of the Hamiltonian operator on the Lanczos vectors, where the potential-vector products are accomplished via a pseudo-spectral transform technique. By using Jacobi, Radau and orthogonal satellite vectors, we have proposed 21 types of orthogonal coordinate systems so that the algorithm is capable of describing most five-atom systems with small and/or large amplitude vibrational motions. Finally, an universal program (PetroVib) has been developed. Its applications to the molecules CH4 and H3O2-, and the van der Waals cluster He3Cl2 are also discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, HG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM hgy@bnl.gov RI Yu, Hua-Gen/N-7339-2015 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US Department of Energy and supported by its Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 112 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 EI 1096-083X J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 256 IS 2 BP 287 EP 298 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2009.06.001 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 478PD UT WOS:000268599300015 ER PT J AU Huston, JP Schulz, D Topic, B AF Huston, Joseph P. Schulz, Daniela Topic, Bianca TI Toward an animal model of extinction-induced despair: focus on aging and physiological indices SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Brain Plasticity, Aging and Neuropsychiatric Disorders CY MAY 13-14, 2008 CL Madrid, SPAIN SP Ramon Areces Fdn DE Extinction; Aging; Depression; Despair; Neurotrophins; Desipramine; Mineralo-/gluocorticoid receptors; Anxiety; Individual differences; Individual vulnerability ID LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION; PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; POOL NAVIGATION TASK; WATER MAZE; ADULT RATS; MILD STRESS; ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY; SWIMMING TEST; SEROTONIN; BRAIN AB Behaviors that are under the control of positive or negative reinforcers undergo extinction when the anticipated reward/reinforcer is withheld. Despair, an important symptom of environmentally determined depression in humans, can be generated by extinction, or the failure of expected reward to accrue. Although well known to clinicians dealing with depressive patients, an animal model has not been available for extinction-induced depression. We have made a beginning towards validating such a model, based on the extinction of negatively reinforced behavior in the rat, i.e., upon removal of the possibility to escape onto a safety platform in the water maze. As a marker for despair, we employed behavioral immobility, i.e., the cessation of swimming in the attempt to find safety from the water, presumably, a type of learned helplessness. This measure was sensitive to antidepressants and correlated with neurotransmitter contents, neurotrophins and hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal axis markers in selected sites of the brain. Given that some cases of depression in the elderly may be biologically distinct from others and from early-onset depression, and since particularly the aged are prone to experience extinction-induced despair, we compared aged (ca. 24 months old) animals with adults in most of our studies. We found a number of distinct differences in behavioral and biological measures, indicative of differences in propensity to, as well as response to, extinction-induced despair between aged and adults. Our results add to the body of evidence for differences in the neurobiological substrates of depressive disorders between aged and adults, with the implication for the requirement of different treatment strategies in these two populations. C1 [Huston, Joseph P.; Topic, Bianca] Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Physiol Psychol, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Schulz, Daniela] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Huston, JP (reprint author), Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Physiol Psychol, Univ Str 1, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM huston@uni-duesseldorf.de RI Huston, Joseph/C-8986-2009; Schulz, Daniela/H-5625-2011 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 116 IS 8 BP 1029 EP 1036 DI 10.1007/s00702-009-0210-4 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 470ZD UT WOS:000268020100011 PM 19350220 ER PT J AU Winoto, W Radosz, M Hong, K Mays, JW AF Winoto, Winoto Radosz, Maciej Hong, Kunlun Mays, Jimmy W. TI Amorphous polystyrene-block-polybutadiene and crystallizable polystyrene-block-(hydrogenated polybutadiene) solutions in compressible near critical propane and propylene - Hydrogenation effects SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop Functional and Nanostructured Materials CY AUG 31-SEP 06, 2008 CL Lviv, UKRAINE SP Ukranian Minist Higher Educ, TASK Comp Ctr, Poznan Supercomp & Networking Ctr DE Polymers and organics ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; ANIONIC-POLYMERIZATION; SUPERCRITICAL PROPANE; LINEAR POLYETHYLENE; MODEL POLYDIENES; BINARY-MIXTURES; POLYISOPRENE; POLYOLEFINS; ETHYLENE; LIQUID AB Polystyrene, polybutadiene, hydrogenated polybutacliene, and styrene diblock copolymers of these homopolymers can form homogenous solutions in compressible solvents, such as propane and propylene, which separate into two bulk phases upon reducing pressure. The cloud and micellization pressures for homopolymer and diblock copolymers are generally found to be higher in propane than in propylene, except for hydrogenated polybutacliene and polystyrene-block-(hydrogenated polybutadiene). Hydrogenated polybutadiene homopolymers and copolymers exhibit relatively pressure- independent crystallization and melting observed in both propane and propylene solutions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Winoto, Winoto; Radosz, Maciej] Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Soft Mat Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Hong, Kunlun; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radosz, M (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Soft Mat Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM radosz@uwyo.edu RI Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015 OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 355 IS 24-27 BP 1393 EP 1399 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2009.05.027 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 481QK UT WOS:000268826200019 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Kim, SH Mammosser, J AF Byun, Thak Sang Kim, Sang-Ho Mammosser, John TI Low-temperature mechanical properties of superconducting radio frequency cavity materials SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID STEELS AB Low-temperature mechanical behaviors have been investigated for the constituent materials of superconducting radio frequency cavities. Test materials consist of small grain Nb, single crystal Nb, large grain Nb (bicrystal), Ti45Nb-Nb weld joint (e-beam welded), and Ti-316L bimetal joint (explosion welded). The strength of all test metals displayed strong temperature dependence and the Ti-316L bimetal showed the highest strength and lowest ductility among the test materials. The fracture toughness of the small grain Nb metals decreased with decreasing test temperature and reached the lower shelf values (30-40 MPa root m) at or above 173 K. The Ti45Nb base and Ti45Nb-Nb weld metals showed much higher fracture toughness than the small grain Nb. An extrapolation and comparison with existing data showed that the fracture toughness of the small grain Nb metals at 4 K was expected to be similar to those at 173 and 77 K. The results from optical photography at a low magnification and fractography by a scanning electron microscope were consistent with corresponding mechanical properties. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Byun, Thak Sang; Kim, Sang-Ho; Mammosser, John] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM byunts@ornl.gov FU US Department of Energy; Offices of Basic Energy Science [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The study was sponsored by US Department of Energy, Offices of Basic Energy Science, under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors thank E. Manischmudt and A.M. Williams for their efforts for DCT fracture testing and SEM fractography. The authors also express special thanks to Drs Isidoro E. Campisi and David A. McClintock for their thorough reviews and thoughtful comments. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 392 IS 3 BP 420 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.03.058 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 496II UT WOS:000269963500006 ER PT J AU Daum, RS Chu, YS Motta, AT AF Daum, R. S. Chu, Y. S. Motta, A. T. TI Identification and quantification of hydride phases in Zircaloy-4 cladding using synchrotron X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ZR-H SYSTEM; ZIRCONIUM HYDRIDES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HYDROGEN; ALLOYS; PRECIPITATION; SOLUBILITY; CORROSION; TUBES; PWR AB Zirconium hydrides precipitate in fuel cladding alloys as a result of hydrogen uptake from the high-temperature corrosion environment of light water reactors. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction was performed at room temperature on stress-relieved Zircaloy-4 cladding with two distributions of hydrides - (1) uniformly distributed hydrides across the entire cladding wall and (2) hydride rim next to the outer surface. The delta-hydride phase was found to be the predominant hydride phase to precipitate for hydrogen contents up to 1250 weight parts per million (wt ppm). At a higher content, about 3000 wt ppm, although delta-hydride is still the majority phase, a significant amount of gamma-hydride is also observed. At even higher hydrogen contents, in excess of approximately 6000 wt ppm, such as can occur in a highly dense hydride layer, peaks associated with the F-hydride phase are also observed in the diffraction pattern. The volume fraction of hydrides was estimated as a function of hydrogen content using the integrated intensities of select diffraction peaks corresponding to the alpha-Zr matrix and the hydride phases. These estimated values agree well with calculated values from the independently measured concentrations. The results of this study indicate that hydride precipitation in Zircaloy-4 is a complex process of evolving hydride phases with increasing local hydrogen content. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Motta, A. T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Daum, R. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chu, Y. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Motta, AT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, 227 Reber Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM atm2@psu.edu FU US Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research; US Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Yong Yan and Yuncheng Zhong of Argonne National Laboratory for their assistance with the experimental work of this study. The authors also acknowledge helpful discussions with D. Koss. The authors also thank NDC, Areva and Sandvik for supplying the hydrided Zircaloy and Zircaloy samples used in this study. This research was supported by US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Usage of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 392 IS 3 BP 453 EP 463 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.04.004 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 496II UT WOS:000269963500011 ER PT J AU Kaminski, MD Mertz, CJ Ferrandon, M Dietz, NL Sandi, G AF Kaminski, M. D. Mertz, C. J. Ferrandon, M. Dietz, N. L. Sandi, G. TI Physical properties of an alumino-silicate waste form for cesium and strontium SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PRODUCT STORAGE; FUEL; IMMOBILIZATION; CONDUCTIVITY; SEPARATIONS; SOLVENT AB Nuclear fuel reprocessing will be required to sustain nuclear power as a baseload energy supplier for the world. New reprocessing schemes offer an opportunity to develop a better strategy for recycling elements in the fuel and preparing stable waste forms. Advanced strategies could create a waste stream of cesium, strontium, rubidium, and barium. Some physical properties of a waste form containing these elements sintered into bentonite clay were evaluated. We prepared samples loaded to 27% by mass to a density of approximately 3 g/cm(3). Sintering temperatures of up to 1000 degrees C did not result in volatility of cesium. Instead, the crystallinity noticeably increased in the waste form as temperatures increased from 600 to 1000 degrees C. Assemblages of silicates were formed, Significant water evolved at approximately 600 degrees C but no other gases were generated at higher temperatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kaminski, M. D.; Mertz, C. J.; Ferrandon, M.; Dietz, N. L.; Sandi, G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaminski, MD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaminski@anl.gov FU US Department of Energy Department of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology FX The electron microscopy was accomplished at the Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne National Laboratory, a US Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy Department of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology under the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 392 IS 3 BP 510 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.04.020 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 496II UT WOS:000269963500020 ER PT J AU Kubas, GJ AF Kubas, Gregory J. TI Hydrogen activation on organometallic complexes and H-2 production, utilization, and storage for future energy SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Hydrogen; Dihydrogen complex; Water splitting; Hydrogen storage; Hydrogen production ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; PENDANT NITROGEN BASES; 2ND COORDINATION SPHERE; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE; MOLECULAR CATALYSTS; IRON(II) COMPLEXES; PROTON RELAYS; X-RAY; DIPHOSPHINE LIGANDS AB This perspective article serves to highlight the contributions to this special volume of Journal of Organometallic Chemistry entitled "Organometallics for Energy Conversion". The key features of dihydrogen coordination to transition metal complexes are discussed in the context of the challenge of producing and utilizing hydrogen as the energy carrier of the future. Ultimately, production of H-2 fuel from water will be needed rather than its current production principally from natural gas. Schemes involving use of solar energy to split water are currently of high interest, and a massive research effort is underway worldwide to accomplish this goal. This is primarily a chemistry problem (rather than engineering or materials), and it can then be assumed that organometallic chemistry will play an important role for both hydrogen production and storage. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kubas, GJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS J582, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kubas@lanl.gov NR 77 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 694 IS 17 BP 2648 EP 2653 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.05.027 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 469WL UT WOS:000267931300003 ER PT J AU Pool, DH DuBois, DL AF Pool, Douglas H. DuBois, Daniel L. TI [Ni((P2N2Ar)-N-Ph)(2)(NCMe)][BF4](2) as an electrocatalyst for H-2 production: (P2N2Ar)-N-Ph=1,5-(di(4-(thiophene-3-yl) phenyl)-3,7-diphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane) SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen production; Nickel; Catalyst ID HYDRIDE DONOR ABILITIES; PENDANT NITROGEN BASES; FE-ONLY HYDROGENASE; MOLECULAR CATALYSTS; DIPHOSPHINE LIGANDS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; H BOND; COMPLEXES AB A new cyclic 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligand was prepared with phenyl substituents on phosphorus and (thiophene-3-yl) phenyl substituents on nitrogen. This ligand reacts with [Ni(CH3CN)(6)][BF4](2) to form the corresponding [Ni((P2N2Ar)-N-Ph)(2)(NCMe)][BF4](2) complex, 3, which is an active electrocatalyst for H-2 production. Kinetic studies indicate that the catalytic rate is first order in catalyst and second order in acid at low concentrations of acid, but at higher acid concentrations the catalytic rate becomes independent of acid concentration. The rate-determining step at high acid concentrations is attributed to the elimination of H-2 from a reduced Ni species. The modest overpotential of 280 mV and a turnover frequency of 56 s(-1) confirm that 3 is a relatively active catalyst for H-2 production in acetonitrile solutions. Oxidation of the pendant thiophene substituents of 3 results in the formation of films on glassy carbon electrode surfaces. However these films are not electroactive, and electrocatalysis of proton reduction is not observed with these modified electrodes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DuBois, Daniel L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP DuBois, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM douglas.pool@pnl.gov; daniel.dubois@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This research was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Batelle for the US Department of Energy. NR 38 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2009 VL 694 IS 17 BP 2858 EP 2865 DI 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.04.010 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 469WL UT WOS:000267931300030 ER PT J AU Noeth, M Ratn, P Mueller, F Schulz, M de Supinski, BR AF Noeth, Michael Ratn, Prasun Mueller, Frank Schulz, Martin de Supinski, Bronis R. TI ScalaTrace: Scalable compression and replay of communication traces for high-performance computing SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE DE High-performance computing; Scalability; Communication tracing AB Characterizing the communication behavior of large-scale applications is a difficult and costly task due to code/system complexity and long execution times. While many tools to study this behavior have been developed, these approaches either aggregate information in a lossy way through high-level statistics or produce huge trace files that are hard to handle. We contribute an approach that provides orders of magnitude smaller, if not near-constant size, communication traces regardless of the number of nodes while preserving structural information. We introduce intra- and inter-node compression techniques of MPI events that are capable of extracting an application's communication structure. We further present a replay mechanism for the traces generated by our approach and discuss results of our implementation for BlueGene/L Given this novel capability, we discuss its impact on communication tuning and beyond. To the best of our knowledge, such a concise representation of MPI traces in a scalable manner combined with deterministic MPI call replay is without any precedent. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Noeth, Michael; Ratn, Prasun; Mueller, Frank] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schulz, Martin; de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mueller, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM prasun.r@ncsu.edu; mueller@cs.ncsu.edu; schulzm@llnl.gov; bronis@llnl.gov NR 30 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 EI 1096-0848 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 69 IS 8 SI SI BP 696 EP 710 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2008.09.001 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 462US UT WOS:000267382900003 ER PT J AU Catalyurek, UV Boman, EG Devine, KD Bozdag, D Heaphy, RT Riesen, LA AF Catalyurek, Umit V. Boman, Erik G. Devine, Karen D. Bozdag, Doruk Heaphy, Robert T. Riesen, Lee Ann TI A repartitioning hypergraph model for dynamic load balancing SO JOURNAL OF PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2007) CY MAR 26-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP IEEE DE Dynamic load balancing; Hypergraph partitioning; Parallel algorithms; Scientific computing; Distributed memory computers ID ADAPTIVE UNSTRUCTURED MESHES; FIXED VERTICES; PARALLEL; ALGORITHMS; MULTIPROCESSORS; DECOMPOSITION; DIFFUSION; GRIDS AB In parallel adaptive applications, the computational structure of the applications changes over time, leading to load imbalances even though the initial load distributions were balanced. To restore balance and to keep communication volume low in further iterations of the applications, dynamic load balancing (repartitioning) of the changed computational structure is required. Repartitioning differs from static load balancing (partitioning) due to the additional requirement of minimizing migration cost to move data from an existing partition to a new partition. In this paper, we present a novel repartitioning hypergraph model for dynamic load balancing that accounts for both communication volume in the application and migration cost to move data, in order to minimize the overall cost. The use of a hypergraph-based model allows us to accurately model communication costs rather than approximate them with graph-based models. We show that the new model can be realized using hypergraph partitioning with fixed vertices and describe our parallel multilevel implementation within the Zoltan load balancing toolkit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation for dynamic load balancing based on hypergraph partitioning. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted experiments on a Linux cluster with 1024 processors. The results show that, in terms of reducing total cost, our new model compares favorably to the graph-based dynamic load balancing approaches, and multilevel approaches improve the repartitioning quality significantly. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Catalyurek, Umit V.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Catalyurek, Umit V.; Bozdag, Doruk] Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Boman, Erik G.; Devine, Karen D.; Heaphy, Robert T.; Riesen, Lee Ann] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Scalable Algorithms, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Catalyurek, UV (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, 3190 Graves Hall,333 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM umit@bmi.osu.edu; egboman@sandia.gov; kddevin@sandia.gov; bozdagd@ece.osu.edu; lafisk@sandia.gov RI Catalyurek, Umit/A-2454-2008 OI Catalyurek, Umit/0000-0002-5625-3758 NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0743-7315 J9 J PARALLEL DISTR COM JI J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 69 IS 8 BP 711 EP 724 DI 10.1016/j.jpdc.2009.04.011 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 462US UT WOS:000267382900004 ER PT J AU Davis, RW Arango, DC Jones, HDT Van Benthem, MH Haaland, DM Brozik, SM Sinclair, MB AF Davis, Ryan W. Arango, Dulce C. Jones, Howland D. T. Van Benthem, Mark H. Haaland, David M. Brozik, Susan M. Sinclair, Michael B. TI Antimicrobial peptide interactions with silica bead supported bilayers and E. coli: buforin II, magainin II, and arenicin SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial peptides; biomimetic systems; spectral imaging; supported bilayers; mesoporous silica; multivariate curve resolution; FRET; buforin II; magainin II; arenicin; nanoscale encapsulation; bio-materials interfaces; nanoporous containment ID PLANAR LIPID-BILAYERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CURVE RESOLUTION; TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS; PORE FORMATION; XENOPUS SKIN; MEMBRANE; MECHANISM; TRANSLOCATION; COMBINATION AB Using the unique quantitative capabilities of hyperspectral confocal microscopy combined with multivariate curve resolution, a comparative approach was employed to gain a deeper understanding of the different types of interactions of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with biological membranes and cellular compartments. This approach allowed direct comparison of the dynamics and local effects of buforin II, magainin II, and arenicin with nanoporous silica bead supported bilayers and living E. coli. Correlating between experiments and comparing these responses have yielded several important discoveries for pursuing the underlying biophysics of bacteriocidal specificity and the connection between structure and function in various cellular environments. First, a novel fluorescence method for direct comparison of a model and living system is demonstrated by utilizing the membrane partitioning and environmental sensitivity of propidium iodide. Second, measurements are presented comparing the temporal dynamics and local equilibrium concentrations of the different antimicrobial agents in the membrane and internal matrix of the described systems. Finally, we discuss how the data lead to a deeper understanding of the roles of membrane penetration and permeabilization in the action of these AMPs. Copyright (C) 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Davis, Ryan W.; Arango, Dulce C.; Jones, Howland D. T.; Van Benthem, Mark H.; Haaland, David M.; Brozik, Susan M.; Sinclair, Michael B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Davis, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rwdavis@sandia.gov NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 15 IS 8 BP 511 EP 522 DI 10.1002/psc.1152 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 478PI UT WOS:000268599800003 PM 19591202 ER PT J AU Burkes, DE Kennedy, JR Hartmann, T Squires, LN AF Burkes, Douglas E. Kennedy, J. Rory Hartmann, Thomas Squires, Leah N. TI Phase Characteristics of a U-22Pu-4Am-2Np-40Zr Metallic Alloy Containing Rare Earths SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article DE energy production; hydrogen production; metallic fuel alloys; minor actinides; phase identification; rare earths; spent light water reactor fuel; thermal properties analysis; water production; x-ray diffraction ID FAST-REACTOR; URANIUM; PU; ZR AB Metallic fuel alloys consisting of uranium (U), plutonium (Pu), and zirconium (Zr) with minor additions of americium (Am) and neptunium (Np) are under evaluation for potential use to transmute long-lived transuranic actinide isotopes in fast reactors. The current irradiation test series design, designated Advanced Fuel Cycle-2 (AFC2), includes minor additions of rare earth (RE) elements to simulate expected fission product carryover from the electrochemical molten salt reprocessing technique. The as-cast fuel alloys have been investigated for phase and thermal properties; specifically, enthalpies of transition, transition temperatures, and room temperature phase characteristics. Results and observations related to these characteristics for the "fresh" fuel alloys are provided. The alloy compositions are based on a U-22Pu-4Am-2Np-40Zr alloy, along with additions of 1.3 and 1.9 at.% RE (at the expense of uranium where RE denotes rare earth alloy of cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, and neodymium). Phase behavior and associated transitions have been compared to available U-Pu-Zr ternary diagrams with acceptable agreement. Enthalpies of transition were deconvoluted from heating and cooling thermal traces for relatively reliable values. The RE additions to the base alloy have a minimal influence on the room temperature phases present and phase transition temperatures, but the room temperature phases present did impact the enthalpies of transition. C1 [Burkes, Douglas E.; Kennedy, J. Rory; Hartmann, Thomas; Squires, Leah N.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Burkes, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Douglas.Burkes@inl.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 30 IS 4 BP 309 EP 317 DI 10.1007/s11669-009-9556-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 471PE UT WOS:000268069700003 ER PT J AU Idemoto, Y Taniyama, S Iikubo, S Shamoto, S Richardson, JW AF Idemoto, Yasushi Taniyama, Satoshi Iikubo, Satoshi Shamoto, Shin-ichi Richardson, James W., Jr. TI Relationship between average and local crystal structure and the ferroelectric properties of a Sr-Bi-Ta-Si-O ferroelectric material SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Ceramics; Crystal structure; Dielectric properties ID BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; HEAT-TREATMENT; THIN-FILMS; SRBI2TA2O9; REFINEMENT AB We investigated the relationship between the average and local crystal structures and the ferroelectric properties of Bi2SiO5, Bi4Si3O12, or Bi2O3 added Sr1-xBi2+xTa2O9 (X = 0, 0.2) produced by a solid-state reaction. By measuring the P-E hysteresis, we found that Sr1-xBi2+xTa2O9 (X = 0, 0.2) has higher P-r and E-c than SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT). P-r increased and E-c decreased by adding Bi2SiO5, Bi4Si3O12, or Bi2O3 to Sr1-xBi2+xTa2O9. The average crystal structures were determined by the Rietveld method. On the other hand, the local structure is important, because the ferroelectric property is related to the distortion, and ferroelectric complex oxides have domains. We also investigated the local crystal structure using atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Based on the results, the bond angle variance, sigma(2), of each TaO6 octahedron increased by substituting Si for the Ta site. The tilting angle, alpha(a),alpha(b), of each TaO6 octahedron increased relative to that of the average structure, and the symmetry of the TaO6 octahedron in the local structure deteriorated in comparison to that of the average structure. This distortion and symmetry of TaO6 contributes to the remanent polarization. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Idemoto, Yasushi; Taniyama, Satoshi] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. [Iikubo, Satoshi; Shamoto, Shin-ichi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Richardson, James W., Jr.] Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulse Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Idemoto, Y (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Pure & Appl Chem, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. EM idemoto@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp FU US DOE-BES [W-31-109-ENG-38]; MEXT; HAITEKU FX Work performed at Argonne National Laboratory is supported by the US DOE-BES under the Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. This work was partly supported by MEXT, HAITEKU (2005-2007). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 EI 1879-2553 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD AUG PY 2009 VL 70 IS 8 BP 1156 EP 1165 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2009.06.017 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 490IR UT WOS:000269494900005 ER PT J AU Navratil, P Quaglioni, S Stetcu, I Barrett, BR AF Navratil, Petr Quaglioni, Sofia Stetcu, Ionel Barrett, Bruce R. TI Recent developments in no-core shell-model calculations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID EFFECTIVE-FIELD THEORY; LORENTZ INTEGRAL TRANSFORM; CHIRAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; BE-7(P,GAMMA)B-8 S-FACTOR; MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; INITIO WAVE-FUNCTIONS; FEW-NUCLEON FORCES; LIGHT-NUCLEI; GROUND-STATE; CROSS-SECTIONS AB We present an overview of recent results and developments of the no-core shell model (NCSM), an ab initio approach to the nuclear many-body problem for light nuclei. In this approach, we start from realistic two-nucleon or two-plus three-nucleon interactions. Many-body calculations are performed using a finite harmonic-oscillator (HO) basis. To facilitate convergence for realistic inter-nucleon interactions that generate strong short-range correlations, we derive effective interactions by unitary transformations that are tailored to the HO basis truncation. For soft realistic interactions, this might not be necessary. If this is the case, the NCSM calculations are variational. In either case, the ab initio NCSM preserves translational invariance of the nuclear many-body problem. In this review, we, in particular, highlight results obtained with the chiral two-plus three-nucleon interactions. We discuss efforts to extend the applicability of the NCSM to heavier nuclei and larger model spaces using importance-truncation schemes and/or use of effective interactions with a core. We outline an extension of the ab initio NCSM to the description of nuclear reactions by the resonating group method technique. A future direction of the approach, the ab initio NCSM with continuum, which will provide a complete description of nuclei as open systems with coupling of bound and continuum states, is given in the concluding part of the review. C1 [Navratil, Petr; Quaglioni, Sofia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Stetcu, Ionel] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barrett, Bruce R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Navratil, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM navratil1@llnl.gov FU LDRD [PLS09- ERD-020]; U. S. DOE/SC/NP [SCW0498]; DOE [DE-FC02-07ER41457]; NSF [PHY0244389, PHY0555396]; GSI Helmholzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany; Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung FX We would like to thank all the collaborators who contributed to the cited papers and, in particular, Alexander Lisetskiy for input for section 5.2 and Robert Roth for input for section 5.1. We also thank D Furnstahl for useful comments. Prepared by LLNL under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was supported by the LDRD contract no. PLS09- ERD-020, by the U. S. DOE/SC/NP (Work Proposal Number SCW0498) and by the UNEDF SciDAC Collaboration under DOE grant DE-FC02-07ER41457. BRB acknowledges partial support from NSF grants PHY0244389 and PHY0555396 and thanks the GSI Helmholzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany, for its hospitality during the preparation of this manuscript and to the Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung for its support. BRB and SQ thank the Institute for Nuclear Theory at the University of Washington for its hospitality and the Department of Energy for partial support during the completion of this work. NR 178 TC 183 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD AUG PY 2009 VL 36 IS 8 AR 083101 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/36/8/083101 PG 54 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 470BE UT WOS:000267945900001 ER EF