FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Yoon, KJ Cramer, CN Stevenson, JW Marina, OA AF Yoon, Kyung Joong Cramer, Carolyn N. Stevenson, Jeffry W. Marina, Olga A. TI Improvement of Sintering, Thermal Behavior, and Electrical Properties of Calcium- and Transition Metal-Doped Yttrium Chromite SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; LANTHANUM CHROMITE; THERMOELECTRIC-POWER; CATION SUBSTITUTION; DEFECT STRUCTURE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; STABILITY; CONDUCTIVITY; PEROVSKITES; EXPANSION AB Calcium-doped yttrium chromite was additionally doped with various transition metals on B-site to improve the sintering, thermal behavior, and electrical properties for use as an interconnect material in solid oxide fuel cells. With 10% B-site addition of Co, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Mn, the orthorhombic perovskite structure remained stable over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures. The substitution of Cu for chromium remarkably improved the sinterability and the substitution of Co and Ni significantly improved the electrical conductivity. Fe substitution slightly improved sinterability and electrical conductivity, and Mn doping had a negative effect on those properties. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3456525] All rights reserved. C1 [Yoon, Kyung Joong; Cramer, Carolyn N.; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Marina, Olga A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yoon, KJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kyungjoong.yoon@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [AC0676RLO 1830] FX The authors appreciate the SEM analysis performed by A.L. Schemer-Kohrn. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory as part of the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Coal-Based Systems Core Research Program is gratefully acknowledged. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under the contract AC0676RLO 1830. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 9 BP D101 EP D105 DI 10.1149/1.3456525 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 624HA UT WOS:000279806700006 ER PT J AU Jia, D Lewis, LA Wang, XJ AF Jia, D. Lewis, L. A. Wang, Xiao-Jun TI Cr3+-Doped Lanthanum Gallogermanate Phosphors with Long Persistent IR Emission SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNABLE STIMULATED-EMISSION; RED PHOSPHOR; CRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; IONS AB Lanthanum gallogermanate co-doped with chromium (La3Ga5GeO14:Cr3+, M, where M = Li, Pb2+, Zn2+, Eu3+, Tm3+, and Dy3+) samples have been prepared using a solid-state chemical reaction method. The phosphor with Dy3+ is observed to have a persistent IR emission for more than 8 h, which is recorded using a spectrometer. The wavelength of the major IR emission is in the range from 700 to 1100 nm. The intensity of the phosphorescence and persistent time can be modified by co-doping proper trapping centers. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3294520] All rights reserved. C1 [Jia, D.; Lewis, L. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Xiao-Jun] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Jia, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xwang@georgiasouthern.edu RI Wang, Xiaojun/D-2787-2013 OI Wang, Xiaojun/0000-0003-1506-0762 NR 17 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 6 U2 54 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 4 BP J32 EP J34 DI 10.1149/1.3294520 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 553TX UT WOS:000274390800031 ER PT J AU Jia, DD AF Jia, Dongdong TI Synthesis YPO4:Eu3+ Nanophosphor from Fungi SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE europium; europium compounds; microorganisms; nanostructured materials; phosphors; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; yttrium compounds ID EU3+; NANOCRYSTALS; LUMINESCENCE; PHOSPHORS; LUPO4; LA; GD AB Live fungi (zygo and asco) were cultivated and grown in an agar solution with a 2000 ppm concentration of Y3+ from YNO3 and a 20 ppm concentration of Eu3+ from EuNO3. When the fungi were grown to a good amount, they were collected, dried, and burnt at 1000 degrees C for 2 h in air. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopy experiments revealed that the product was nanophosphor YPO4:Eu3+ with a size of 100-200 nm. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jia, DD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM manager@luminow.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 EI 1944-8775 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2010 VL 13 IS 5 BP J57 EP J61 DI 10.1149/1.3322297 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 570GL UT WOS:000275660200030 ER PT J AU Oh, SW Myung, ST Oh, SM Yoon, CS Amine, K Sun, YK AF Oh, Sung Woo Myung, Seung-Taek Oh, Seung-Min Yoon, Chong Seung Amine, Khalil Sun, Yang-Kook TI Polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted synthesis of microscale C-LiFePO4 with high tap density as positive electrode materials for lithium batteries SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Microscale-LiFePO4; Tap density; Volumetric capacity; Cathode; Lithium batteries ID CATHODE MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SPHERICAL LICOO2; ION BATTERIES; LIFEPO4; PRECIPITATION; PHASE; IRON; FE2P AB Carbon-coated LiFePO4 (C-LiFePO4) with micron particle size (6 mu m) and high tap density (1.6 g cm(-3)) was prepared from spherical FePO4 center dot 2H(2)O powder via the co-precipitation method. The C-LiFePO4 powder was calcined at temperatures between 650 and 800 degrees C. The 6 mu m C-LiFePO4 prepared at 800 degrees C exhibited an excellent rate capability, delivering 150 mAh g(-1) on discharge at the 0.1 C-rate and 108 mAh g(-1) at the 5 C-rate. The volumetric capacity of the 6 pm C-LiFePO4 corresponded to 225 mAh cm(-3), since the large secondary particles (6 mu m) C-LiFePO4 Sufficiently allowed tight packing of the particles. The 6 mu m C-LiFePO4 powder with high tap density makes an attractive positive electrode candidate for lithium-ion batteries designed for high energy density. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oh, Sung Woo; Oh, Seung-Min; Sun, Yang-Kook] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Myung, Seung-Taek] Iwate Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. [Yoon, Chong Seung] Hanyang Univ, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM smyung@iwate-u.ac.jp; yksun@hanyang.ac.kr RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; FU Korean government (MEST) [2009-0092780, R11-2008-088-03002-0] FX This research was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (no. 2009-0092780) and (no. R11-2008-088-03002-0). NR 18 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 3 BP 1193 EP 1199 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.007 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 549CS UT WOS:000274020200081 ER PT S AU Miara, LJ Yoon, KJ Topping, SG Saraf, LV Pal, UB Gopalan, S AF Miara, L. J. Yoon, K. J. Topping, S. G. Saraf, L. V. Pal, U. B. Gopalan, S. BE Birss, V Mustain, W Wilkinson, D Kulesza, P Ota, K TI Polarization Resistance of La0.85Ca0.15MnO3 Cathodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) Measured Using Patterned Electrodes SO ELECTRODE PROCESSES RELEVANT TO FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Processes Relevant to Fuel Cell Technology held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc (ECS), Energy Technol Div ID CHARGE-TRANSFER RESISTIVITY AB Patterned cathodes of calcium-doped lanthanum manganite (LCM) were fabricated on polycrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and photolithographic techniques. Samples were generated with a constant electrode/electrolyte contact area but different three phase boundary (TPB) lengths (1(TPB)'s). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed in the oxygen partial pressure (pO2) and temperature range of 10(-3) atm to 1.00 atm and 600-800 degrees C respectively. The area specific polarization resistance, R-p, was found to scale linearly with the inverse of 1(TPB), suggesting that the TPB is the active region for oxygen reduction. The resistivity decreased with increased temperature and pO2 and showed an activation energy of 1.17 +/- 0.03 eV. C1 [Miara, L. J.; Topping, S. G.; Pal, U. B.; Gopalan, S.] Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci, Boston, MA 02135 USA. [Yoon, K. J.; Saraf, L. V.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Pal, U. B.; Gopalan, S.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02135 USA. RP Miara, LJ (reprint author), Boston Univ, Div Mat Sci, Boston, MA 02135 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-NT0004104] FX The authors would like to thank the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for financial and resource help as part of the Summer Research Assistantship program. Also the BU research on "solid oxide fuel cell cathodes: unraveling the relationship between structure, surface chemistry and oxygen reduction" is supported by the U. S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-NT0004104. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-199-1; 978-1-56677-849-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 23 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1149/1.3502345 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEL14 UT WOS:000317178800014 ER PT S AU Zhai, Y Bethune, K Dorn, S Bender, G Rocheleau, R AF Zhai, Y. Bethune, K. Dorn, S. Bender, G. Rocheleau, R. BE Birss, V Mustain, W Wilkinson, D Kulesza, P Ota, K TI Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis on SO2 Contamination in PEMFCs SO ELECTRODE PROCESSES RELEVANT TO FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrode Processes Relevant to Fuel Cell Technology held during the 217th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Electrochem Soc (ECS), Electrochem Soc (ECS), Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc (ECS), Energy Technol Div ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; FUEL-CELLS; PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE; DEGRADATION; DURABILITY; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY AB Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied to analyze the effects of 2 ppm SO2 on the electrochemical reactions in PEMFCs cathode during the two-stage performance degradation. An equivalent electrical circuit model (ECM) was used to fit the resistances of the fuel cell reactions. The extracted parameters of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) suggested that during the first poisoning stage, the SO2 adsorption increased the charge transfer resistance of the ORR and caused the initial degradation in cell performance. During the second poisoning stage, SO2 adsorption might assist in shifting the ORR from the "direct four electron pathway" to the "series two electron pathway", which may have resulted in the subsequent degradation in cell performance. C1 [Zhai, Y.; Bethune, K.; Dorn, S.; Rocheleau, R.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bender, G.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhai, Y (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-06-1-1055] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Award Number N00014-06-1-1055. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-199-1; 978-1-56677-849-7 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 28 IS 23 BP 313 EP + DI 10.1149/1.3502363 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEL14 UT WOS:000317178800032 ER PT S AU Aguiar, JA Gronbech-Jensen, N Perlov, A Milman, V Gao, SP Pickard, CJ Browning, ND AF Aguiar, J. A. Groenbech-Jensen, N. Perlov, A. Milman, V. Gao, S. P. Pickard, C. J. Browning, N. D. BE Baker, RT TI Electronic structure of oxide fuels from experiment and first principles calculations SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS GROUP CONFERENCE 2009 (EMAG 2009) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group Conference 2009 CY SEP 08-11, 2009 CL Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, ENGLAND SP Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp HO Univ Sheffield AB Energy loss spectra from a variety of cubic oxides are compared with ab-initio calculations based on the density functional plane wave method (CASTEP). In order to obtain agreement between experimental and theoretical spectra, unique material specific considerations were taken into account. The spectra were calculated using various approximations to describe core-hole effects and electron correlation. The calculations are based on both the generalized gradient approach and the local spin density approximation when dealing with the correlation in to show qualitative agreement with the sensitive oxygen K-edge spectra in ceria, zirconia, and urania. Comparison of experimental and theoretical results let us characterize the main electronic interactions responsible for both the electronic structure and the resulting EELS spectra of the compounds in question. C1 [Aguiar, J. A.; Browning, N. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 3000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94520 USA. [Aguiar, J. A.; Groenbech-Jensen, N.; Browning, N. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Milman, V.] Accelrys Inc, Cambridge CB4 0WN, England. [Gao, S. P.] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Groenbech-Jensen, N.; Pickard, C. J.] UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Aguiar, JA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 3000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94520 USA. EM aguiar9@llnl.gov RI Milman, Victor/M-6117-2015; Pickard, Chris/D-4704-2016; OI Milman, Victor/0000-0003-2258-1347; Pickard, Chris/0000-0002-9684-5432; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X; Aguiar, Jeffery/0000-0001-6101-4762 FU US Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Initiative for Consortia [DR-FG07-071D14893]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [E-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to credit US Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Initiative for Consortia contract number DR-FG07-071D14893.This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract E-AC52-07NA27344. The authors would also like to credit the following collaborators Mark Asta, Warren Pickett, John Bradley, Zurong Dai, Sean McNary. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 241 AR UNSP 012062 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/241/1/012062 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BTQ50 UT WOS:000287783500062 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, MA Pepe, A Shinavier, J AF Rodriguez, Marko A. Pepe, Alberto Shinavier, Joshua BE Badr, Y Chbeir, R Abraham, A Hassanien, AE TI The Dilated Triple SO EMERGENT WEB INTELLIGENCE: ADVANCED SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES SE Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONSTRAINED SPREADING ACTIVATION; SEMANTIC NETWORKS; WEB; INFORMATION; REVOLUTION AB The basic unit of meaning on the Semantic Web is the RDF statement, or triple, which combines a distinct subject, predicate and object to make a definite assertion about the world. A set of triples constitutes a graph, to which they give a collective meaning. It is upon this simple foundation that the rich, complex knowledge structures of the Semantic Web are built. Yet the very expressiveness of RDF, by inviting comparison with real-world knowledge, highlights a fundamental shortcoming, in that RDF is limited to statements of absolute fact, independent of the context in which a statement is asserted. This is in stark contrast with the thoroughly context-sensitive nature of human thought. The model presented here provides a particularly simple means of contextualizing an RDF triple by associating it with related statements in the same graph. This approach, in combination with a notion of graph similarity, is sufficient to select only those statements from an RDF graph which are subjectively most relevant to the context of the requesting process. C1 [Rodriguez, Marko A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Pepe, Alberto] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Embedded Networked Sensing, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Shinavier, Joshua] Knowledge Reef Syst Inc, Semant Network Res Grp, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-5 Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM marko@lanl.gov; apepe@ucla.edu; josh@fortytwo.net NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1610-3947 BN 978-1-84996-076-2 J9 ADV INFORM KNOWL PRO PY 2010 BP 3 EP 15 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BPE76 UT WOS:000278713100001 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, MA AF Rodriguez, Marko A. BE Badr, Y Chbeir, R Abraham, A Hassanien, AE TI General-Purpose Computing on a Semantic Network Substrate SO EMERGENT WEB INTELLIGENCE: ADVANCED SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES SE Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB This article presents a model of general-purpose computing on a semantic network substrate. The concepts presented are applicable to any semantic network representation. However, due to the standards and technological infrastructure devoted to the Semantic Web effort, this article is presented from this point of view. In the proposed model of computing, the application programming interface, the run-time program, and the state of the computing virtual machine are all represented in the Resource Description Framework (RDF). The implementation of the concepts presented provides a computing paradigm that leverages the distributed and standardized representational-layer of the Semantic Web. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, T-5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM marko@lanl.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1610-3947 BN 978-1-84996-076-2 J9 ADV INFORM KNOWL PRO PY 2010 BP 57 EP 102 DI 10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9 PG 46 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BPE76 UT WOS:000278713100004 ER PT S AU Pauzauskie, PJ Hsu, HY Jamshidi, A Valley, JK Pei, SN Wu, MC AF Pauzauskie, Peter J. Hsu, Hsan-Yin Jamshidi, Arash Valley, Justin K. Pei, Shao Ning Wu, Ming C. BE Douglass, MR Hornbeck, LJ TI Quantifying Heat Transfer in DMD-based Optoelectronic Tweezers with Infrared Thermography SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications II CY JAN 27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Texas Instruments Inc. DE optoelectronic tweezers; dielectrophoresis; optical manipulation; thermography; heat transfer ID OPTICAL TRAPS; CARBON NANOTUBES; SINGLE CELLS; MANIPULATION; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES; NANOWIRES; MOLECULES; IMAGES AB Optoelectronic tweezers (OET) have emerged in recent years as a powerful form of optically-induced dielectrophoresis for addressing single cells and trapping individual nanostructures with DMD-based virtual-electrodes. In this technique an alternating electric field is used to induce a dipole within structures of interest while very low-intensity optical images are used to produce local electric field gradients that create dynamic trapping potentials. Addressing living cells, particularly for heat-sensitive cell lines, with OET's optical virtual-electrodes requires an in-depth understanding of heating profiles within OET devices. In this work we present quantitative measurements of the thermal characteristics of single-crystalline-silicon phototransistor based optoelectronic tweezers (PhOET). Midwave infrared (3 - 5 micron) thermographic imaging is used to determine relative heating in PhOET devices both with and without DMD-based optical actuation. Temperature increases of approximately 2 degrees C from electrolyte Joule-heating are observable in the absence of DMD-illumination when glass is used as a support for PhOET devices. An additional temperature increase of no more than 0.2 degrees C is observed when DMD-illumination is used. Furthermore, significantly reduced heating can be achieved when devices are fabricated in direct contact with a metallic heat-sink. C1 [Pauzauskie, Peter J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pauzauskie, PJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM pauzauskie1@llnl.gov NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7992-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7596 AR 759609 DI 10.1117/12.846247 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSG22 UT WOS:000284357800008 ER PT B AU Borole, AP Hamilton, CY AF Borole, Abhijeet P. Hamilton, Choo Y. BE Shah, V TI Energy Production from Food Industry Wastewaters Using Bioelectrochemical Cells SO EMERGING ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, VOL II LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Microbial fuel and electrolysis cell; Electricity; Wastewater resource; Hydrogen; Power density ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELL; WASTE-WATER TREATMENT; CONTINUOUS ELECTRICITY-GENERATION; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS DSP10; ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; POWER-GENERATION; TECHNOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; ACETATE AB Conversion of waste and renewable resources to energy using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is an upcoming technology for enabling a cleaner and sustainable environment. This chapter assesses the energy production potential from the US food industry wastewater resource. It also reports on an experimental study investigating conversion of wastewater from a local milk dairy plant to electricity. An MFC anode biocatalyst enriched on model sugar and organic acid substrates was used as the inoculum for the dairy wastewater MFC. The tests were conducted using a two-chamber MFC with a porous three dimensional anode and a Pt/C air-cathode. Power densities up to 690 mW/m(2) (54 W/m(3)) were obtained. Analysis of the food industry wastewater resource indicated that MFCs can potentially recover 2-260 kWh/ton of food processed from wastewaters generated during food processing, depending on the biological oxygen demand and volume of water used in the process. A total of 1960 MW of power can potentially be produced from US milk industry wastewaters alone. Hydrogen is an alternate form of energy of that can be produced using bioelectrochemical cells. Approximately 2-270 m(3) hydrogen can be generated per ton of the food processed. Application of MFCs for treatment of food processing wastewaters requires further investigations into electrode design, materials, liquid flow management, proton transfer, organic loading and scale-up to enable high power densities at the larger scale. Potential for water recycle also exists, but requires careful consideration of the microbiological safety and regulatory aspects and the economic feasibility of the process. C1 [Borole, Abhijeet P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hamilton, Choo Y.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Borole, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM borolea@ornl.gov OI Borole, Abhijeet/0000-0001-8423-811X NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-90-481-3351-2 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 113 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3352-9_5 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3352-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BMS45 UT WOS:000273466000005 ER PT S AU Anglani, R AF Anglani, Roberto BE Blaschke, D Turko, L TI A MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PION CONDENSATION WITHIN NAMBU-JONA-LASINIO MODEL SO EMMI WORKSHOP AND 26TH MAX BORN SYMPOSIUM: THREE DAYS OF STRONG INTERACTIONS SE Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EMMI Workshop/26th Max born Symposium on Three Days of Strong Interactions CY JUL 09-11, 2009 CL Univ Wroclaw, Wroclaw, POLAND SP Univ Wroclaw, Inst Theoret Phys, ExtreMe Matter Inst (EMMI), GSI Helmholtz Ctr Heavy Ion Res HO Univ Wroclaw ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEAR-MATTER; DENSITY; PHASE; QCD AB We have studied the phenomenology of pion condensation in 2-flavor neutral quark matter at finite density with Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of QCD. We have discussed the role of the bare quark mass m and the electric chemical potential mu(e) in controlling the condensation. The central result of this work is that the onset for pi-condensed phase occurs when vertical bar mu(e)vertical bar reaches the value of the in-medium pion mass M(pi), provided the transition is of the second order, even for a composite pion system in the medium. Finally, we have shown that the condensation is extremely fragile with respect to the explicit chiral symmetry breaking via a finite current quark mass. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anglani, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV PI CRACOW PA GOLEBIA 24, 31-007 CRACOW, POLAND SN 1899-2358 J9 ACTA PHYS POL B PR S PY 2010 VL 3 IS 3 BP 735 EP 740 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BRR21 UT WOS:000283471100026 ER PT B AU Volkow, ND Baler, R AF Volkow, N. D. Baler, R. BE Koob, GF LeMoal, M Thompson, RF TI Brain Imaging and Addiction SO ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE, VOL 1: A-G LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOPAMINE; ABUSE; METABOLISM; RECEPTORS; STRIATUM; HUMANS C1 [Volkow, N. D.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Baler, R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI koob, george/P-8791-2016 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-045396-5; 978-0-08-044732-2 PY 2010 BP 194 EP 202 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BA3WW UT WOS:000335045400028 ER PT J AU Heldebrant, DJ Koech, PK Yonker, CR AF Heldebrant, David J. Koech, Phillip K. Yonker, Clement R. TI A reversible zwitterionic SO2-binding organic liquid SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PIPERYLENE SULFONE; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; IONIC LIQUIDS; SO2; SUBSTITUTE; SOLUBILITY AB N,N-Dibutylundecanolamine is a liquid that chemically binds SO2 to form a viscous zwitterionic liquid that contains 35% by wt. SO2 at standard temperature and pressure. SO2 is chemically bound to the alcohol component as an alkylsulfite, which is then stabilized by the amine. The zwitterionic liquid can be reverted to its non-ionic form and recycled by thermally stripping the SO2 under vacuum at temperatures near 70 degrees C. N,N-Dibutylundecanolamine is a potential flue gas desulfurizing solvent because it is chemically selective to bind SO2 but not basic enough to chemically bind CO2. C1 [Heldebrant, David J.; Koech, Phillip K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Chem & Surface Res Grp, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yonker, Clement R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mol Interact & Transformat Grp, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heldebrant, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Chem & Surface Res Grp, Energy & Efficiency Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM david.heldebrant@pnl.gov; phillip.koech@pnl.gov; clem.yonker@pnl.gov OI Koech, Phillip/0000-0003-2996-0593 NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 111 EP 113 DI 10.1039/b916550a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 540NH UT WOS:000273338900008 ER PT J AU Lassalle-Kaiser, B Hureau, C Pantazis, DA Pushkar, Y Guillot, R Yachandra, VK Yano, J Neese, F Anxolabehere-Mallart, E AF Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt Hureau, Christelle Pantazis, Dimitrios A. Pushkar, Yulia Guillot, Regis Yachandra, Vittal K. Yano, Junko Neese, Frank Anxolabehere-Mallart, Elodie TI Activation of a water molecule using a mononuclear Mn complex: from Mn-aquo, to Mn-hydroxo, to Mn-oxyl via charge compensation SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING COMPLEX; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; COUPLED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; O BOND FORMATION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES; PHOTOSYNTHETIC MN4CA CLUSTER; UNSUPPORTED OXO BRIDGE; C-H OXIDATION; PHOTOSYSTEM-II AB Activation of a water molecule by the electrochemical oxidation of a Mn-aquo complex accompanied by the loss of protons is reported. The sequential (2 x 1 electron/1 proton) and direct (2 electron/2 proton) proton-coupled electrochemical oxidation of a non-porphyrinic six-coordinated Mn(II)OH(2) complex into a mononuclear Mn(O) complex is described. The intermediate Mn(III)OH(2) and Mn(III) OH complexes are electrochemically prepared and analysed. Complete deprotonation of the coordinated water molecule in the Mn(O) complex is confirmed by electrochemical data while the analysis of EXAFS data reveals a gradual shortening of an Mn-O bond upon oxidation from Mn(II)OH(2) to Mn(III) OH and Mn(O). Reactivity experiments, DFT calculations and XANES pre-edge features provide strong evidence that the bonding in Mn(O) is best characterized by a Mn(III)-oxyl description. Such oxyl species could play a crucial role in natural and artificial water splitting reactions. We provide here a synthetic example for such species, obtained by electrochemical activation of a water ligand. C1 [Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt; Guillot, Regis; Anxolabehere-Mallart, Elodie] Univ Paris 11, ICMMO, CNRS, UMR 8182, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hureau, Christelle] CNRS, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France. [Hureau, Christelle] Univ Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France. [Pantazis, Dimitrios A.; Neese, Frank] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. [Pantazis, Dimitrios A.; Neese, Frank] Max Planck Inst Bioinorgan Chem, D-45470 Mulheim, Germany. [Lassalle-Kaiser, Benedikt; Pushkar, Yulia; Yachandra, Vittal K.; Yano, Junko] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lassalle-Kaiser, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bblassalle@lbl.gov; christelle.hureau@lcc-toulouse.fr; pantazis@thch.uni-bonn.de; ypushkar@purdue.edu; regisguillot@icmo.u-psud.fr; VKYachandra@lbl.gov; JYano@lbl.gov; neese@thch.uni-bonn.de; elodie.anxolabehere@univ-paris-diderot.fr RI Pantazis, Dimitrios/A-2434-2010; Neese, Frank/J-4959-2014 OI Pantazis, Dimitrios/0000-0002-2146-9065; Neese, Frank/0000-0003-4691-0547 FU DOE; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIH [GM 55302]; France-Berkeley Fund; OBER; NIH, NCRR; European Project [SolarH2]; ANR; Max-Plank society; University of Bonn; Special Research Unit [SFB 813] FX Part of this work (J. Y. and V. Y.) was supported by the DOE, Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, the NIH grant (GM 55302 to V. Y.), and France-Berkeley Fund (E. A.-M. and J. Y.). Portions of this research were carried out at SSRL, operated by Stanford University for DOE, OBES. The SSRL SMB Program is supported by the DOE, OBER and by the NIH, NCRR. Financial support (B. L. and E. A.-M.) from European Project SolarH2 and ANR (PROTOCOLE grant to E. A.-M.) is gratefully acknowledged. This work was also supported by the Max-Plank society, the University of Bonn and Special Research Unit SFB 813 (D. P. and F. N.). NR 110 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 7 BP 924 EP 938 DI 10.1039/b926990h PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 618AH UT WOS:000279322800007 PM 24772190 ER PT J AU Jiao, F Frei, H AF Jiao, Feng Frei, Heinz TI Nanostructured cobalt and manganese oxide clusters as efficient water oxidation catalysts SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN-EVOLVING CATALYSTS; COLLOIDAL IRIDIUM OXIDE; MESOPOROUS SILICA; ANODIC CHARACTERISTICS; PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; METAL-OXIDES; EVOLUTION AB Recent development of new methods of preparing cobalt oxide and manganese oxide clusters has led to oxygen evolving catalysts that operate under mild conditions and modest overpotentials at rates approaching practical utility. Synthesis of nanostructured Co(3)O(4) and Mn oxide clusters in mesoporous silica scaffolds affords catalysts with very high densities of surface metal sites per projected area, with the silica environment providing stability in terms of dispersion of the clusters and prevention of restructuring of catalytic surface sites. Stacking of the nanoclusters of these earth abundant, durable oxide catalysts in the scaffold results in turnover frequencies per projected area that are sufficient for keeping up with the photon flux at high solar intensity. Opportunities for expanding the metal oxide/silica interface approach to heterogeneous water oxidation catalysis to a more general approach for multi-electron catalyst designs based on core/shell constructs are discussed. The results are reviewed in the context of all-inorganic materials for catalytic water oxidation reported recently from other laboratories, in particular electrodeposits generated from Co phosphate solutions, a molecular water oxidation catalyst based on a polyoxotungstate featuring a Co oxide core, and Mn oxide materials with incorporated Ca ions. C1 [Jiao, Feng; Frei, Heinz] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jiao, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM HMFrei@lbl.gov RI Jiao, Feng/E-7766-2010 FU Helios Solar Energy Research Center, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, US Department of Energy; Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources FX This work was funded by the Helios Solar Energy Research Center, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors acknowledge the support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the US Department of Energy. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. NR 64 TC 277 Z9 279 U1 34 U2 435 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1018 EP 1027 DI 10.1039/c002074e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 633PB UT WOS:000280514200004 ER PT J AU Lacina, D Wegrzyn, J Reilly, J Celebi, Y Graetz, J AF Lacina, David Wegrzyn, James Reilly, James Celebi, Yusuf Graetz, Jason TI Regeneration of aluminium hydride using dimethylethylamine SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REVERSIBLE HYDROGEN STORAGE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GAMMA-POLYMORPHS; TERTIARY AMINES; ALANE; COMPLEXES; THERMODYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM AB Aluminium hydride is a compound that is well known for its high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities and favorable hydrogen storage properties. Tertiary amine-aluminium hydride complexes have gained interest due to their application as chemical reducing agents and in aluminium thin-film deposition. Various complexes of these amine alane compounds have been created and studied previously, but these compounds were not formed directly using pressurized hydrogen. Here, we demonstrate the direct reaction of catalyzed aluminium, a tertiary amine, and hydrogen in a common solvent proceeds to form an amine alane adduct at moderate pressures and temperatures. A complex of aluminium hydride has been formed with dimethylethylamine by this technique. A vibrational analysis of the product of these reactions by Raman and infrared spectroscopy is presented, including experimental and theoretical data. The results clarify the molecular and vibrational structure of amine alane complexes formed by direct hydrogenation and are compared with previously determined experimental information. In addition, we demonstrate a new method for the formation of triethylamine alane using the direct hydrogenation of dimethylethylamine and catalyzed aluminium followed by transamination with triethylamine. Finally, we propose a new low energy method to regenerate AlH(3) from catalyzed aluminium and hydrogen gas. C1 [Lacina, David; Wegrzyn, James; Reilly, James; Celebi, Yusuf; Graetz, Jason] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lacina, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Energy Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dlacina@bnl.gov FU Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Hydrogen Fuel Initiative, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH1-886]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported through the Metal Hydrides Center of Excellence, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH1-886. Research carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors thank Arthur Sedlacek, John Johnson, and Weimin Zhou for their assistance. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1105 DI 10.1039/c002064h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 633PB UT WOS:000280514200013 ER PT J AU Arvizu, D AF Arvizu, Dan TI New science strengthens the promise of renewable fuels SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID LAND-USE CHANGE; BIOFUELS; US; EMISSIONS C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Arvizu, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1378 EP 1381 DI 10.1039/c0ee00091d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656GA UT WOS:000282314300001 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Van Brutzel, L Chartier, A Gueneau, C Mattsson, AE Tikare, V Bartel, T Besmann, T Stan, M Van Uffelen, P AF Devanathan, Ram Van Brutzel, Laurent Chartier, Alain Gueneau, Christine Mattsson, Ann E. Tikare, Veena Bartel, Timothy Besmann, Theodore Stan, Marius Van Uffelen, Paul TI Modeling and simulation of nuclear fuel materials SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMIC REPRESENTATION; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TEMPERATURE-ACCELERATED DYNAMICS; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; GRAIN-BOUNDARY MOBILITY; PHASE-FIELD MODEL; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; POINT-DEFECTS AB We review the state of modeling and simulation of nuclear fuels with emphasis on the most widely used nuclear fuel, UO2. The hierarchical scheme presented represents a science-based approach to modeling nuclear fuels by progressively passing information in several stages from electronic structure calculations to continuum level simulations. Such an approach is essential to overcome the challenges posed by radioactive materials handling, experimental limitations in modeling extreme conditions and accident scenarios, and the small time and distance scales of fundamental processes. When used in conjunction with experimental validation, this multiscale modeling scheme can provide valuable guidance to development of fuel for advanced reactors to meet rising global energy demand. C1 [Devanathan, Ram] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Van Brutzel, Laurent; Chartier, Alain; Gueneau, Christine] CEA, Serv Chim Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Mattsson, Ann E.; Tikare, Veena; Bartel, Timothy] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Besmann, Theodore] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Stan, Marius] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Van Uffelen, Paul] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K2-01,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008; Albe, Karsten/F-1139-2011 OI Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237; FU U. S. Department of Energy (DOE); Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; European Commission [211690]; DOE FX RD was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Nuclear Energy Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NEAMS) program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory-a multiprogram laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. AEM wants to acknowledge support from the LDRD program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. LVB, AC and CG acknowledge funding through the European Commission under the FP7 F-BRIDGE project (Contract No. 211690). MS' work was occasionally supported by the DOE NEAMS program NR 140 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 10 U2 66 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1406 EP 1426 DI 10.1039/c0ee00028k PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656GA UT WOS:000282314300004 ER PT J AU Zhou, YK Neyerlin, K Olson, TS Pylypenko, S Bult, J Dinh, HN Gennett, T Shao, ZP O'Hayre, R AF Zhou, Yingke Neyerlin, Kenneth Olson, Tim S. Pylypenko, Svitlana Bult, Justin Dinh, Huyen N. Gennett, Thomas Shao, Zongping O'Hayre, Ryan TI Enhancement of Pt and Pt-alloy fuel cell catalyst activity and durability via nitrogen-modified carbon supports SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; RADIO-FREQUENCY PLASMAS; DOPED CARBON; METHANOL OXIDATION; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; GLASSY-CARBON; POLYACRYLONITRILE FOAM; NANOFIBER ELECTRODES; ION-IMPLANTATION; VAPOR-DEPOSITION AB Insufficient catalytic activity and durability are key barriers to the commercial deployment of low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and direct-methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Recent observations suggest that carbon-based catalyst support materials can be systematically doped with nitrogen to create strong, beneficial catalyst-support interactions which substantially enhance catalyst activity and stability. Data suggest that nitrogen functional groups introduced into a carbon support appear to influence at least three aspects of the catalyst/support system: 1) modified nucleation and growth kinetics during catalyst nanoparticle deposition, which results in smaller catalyst particle size and increased catalyst particle dispersion, 2) increased support/catalyst chemical binding (or "tethering''), which results in enhanced durability, and 3) catalyst nanoparticle electronic structure modification, which enhances intrinsic catalytic activity. This review highlights recent studies that provide broad-based evidence for these nitrogen-modification effects as well as insights into the underlying fundamental mechanisms. C1 [Zhou, Yingke; Pylypenko, Svitlana; O'Hayre, Ryan] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Neyerlin, Kenneth; Olson, Tim S.; Pylypenko, Svitlana; Bult, Justin; Dinh, Huyen N.; Gennett, Thomas] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zhou, Yingke; Shao, Zongping] Nanjing Univ Technol, State Key Lab Mat Oriented Chem Engn, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. RP Zhou, YK (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, 1500 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM zhouyk888@hotmail.com; rohayre@mines.edu RI shao, zongping/B-5250-2013; O'Hayre, Ryan/A-8183-2009 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0528]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX The authors acknowledge support from the Army Research Office under grant #W911NF-09-1-0528 and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 96 TC 266 Z9 271 U1 22 U2 284 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1437 EP 1446 DI 10.1039/c003710a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656GA UT WOS:000282314300006 ER PT J AU Devanathan, R Weber, WJ Gale, JD AF Devanathan, Ram Weber, William J. Gale, Julian D. TI Radiation tolerance of ceramics-insights from atomistic simulation of damage accumulation in pyrochlores SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; NUCLEAR-POWER; OXIDES; IRRADIATION; DISORDER AB We have used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of radiation damage accumulation in two pyrochlore-structured ceramics, namely Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7) and Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7). It is well known from experiment that the titanate is susceptible to radiation-induced amorphization, while the zirconate does not go amorphous under prolonged irradiation. Our simulations show that cation Frenkel pair accumulation eventually leads to amorphization of Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7), and both anion disorder and cation disorder occur during damage accumulation. Amorphization in Gd(2)Ti(2)O(7) is accompanied by a density decrease of about 12.7% and a decrease of about 50% in the elastic modulus. In Gd(2)Zr(2)O(7), amorphization does not occur, because the residual damage introduced by radiation is not sufficiently energetic to destabilize the crystal structure and drive the material amorphous. Subtle differences in damage accumulation and annealing between the two pyrochlores lead to drastically different radiation response as the damage accumulates. C1 [Devanathan, Ram] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Weber, William J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Weber, William J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gale, Julian D.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Chem, Nanochem Res Inst, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. RP Devanathan, R (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, MS K2-01, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ram.devanathan@pnl.gov RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Gale, Julian/B-7987-2009; Devanathan, Ram/C-7247-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Gale, Julian/0000-0001-9587-9457; Devanathan, Ram/0000-0001-8125-4237 FU Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Australian Research Council FX This research was supported by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. It was performed in part using the Molecular Science Computing Facility in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the US DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). JDG would like to thank the Australian Research Council for a professorial fellowship. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1551 EP 1559 DI 10.1039/c0ee00066c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656GA UT WOS:000282314300021 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Hawkins, B Day, DM Reicosky, DC AF Lee, James Weifu Hawkins, Bob Day, Danny M. Reicosky, Donald C. TI Sustainability: the capacity of smokeless biomass pyrolysis for energy production, global carbon capture and sequestration SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2 EMISSIONS; BLACK; HYDROGEN; CHARCOAL; SOIL; AGRICULTURE; CONSTRAINTS; SYSTEMS AB Smokeless biomass pyrolysis for biochar and biofuel production is a possible arsenal for global carbon capture and sequestration at gigatons of carbon (GtC) scales. The United States can annually harvest over 1.3 Gt (gigaton) of dry biomass. Use of the smokeless (clean and efficient) biomass-pyrolysis technology would enable the United States to converts its 1.3 Gt of annually harvestable biomass to biochar products equivalent to 325 million tons of stable carbon plus significant amount of biofuels including syngas and bio-oils. Currently, the world could annually harvest more than 6.5 GtC y(-1) of biomass. The 6.5 GtC y(-1) of biomass could be converted to biochar (3.25 GtC y(-1)) and biofuels (with heating value equivalent to that of 6500 million barrels of crude oil). Because biochar is mostly not digestible to microorganisms, a biochar-based soil amendment could serve as a permanent carbon-sequestration agent in soils/subsoil earth layers for thousands of years. By storing 3.25 GtC y(-1) of biochar (equivalent to 11.9 Gt of CO(2) per year) into soil and/or underground reservoirs alone, it would offset the world's 8.67 GtC y(-1) of fossil fuel CO(2) emissions by about 38%. The worldwide maximum capacity for storing biochar carbon into agricultural soils (1411 million hectares) is estimated to be about 428 GtC. It may be also possible to provide a global carbon "thermostat" mechanism by creating biochar carbon energy storage reserves. This biomass-pyrolysis "carbon-negative" energy approach merits serious research and development worldwide to help provide clean energy and control global warming for a sustainable future of human civilization on Earth. C1 [Lee, James Weifu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hawkins, Bob] BiocharConsulting, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Reicosky, Donald C.] ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. [Day, Danny M.] Eprida Power & Life Sci Inc, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. RP Lee, JW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Whiting Sch Engn, 118 Latrobe Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM JLee349@jhu.edu RI Lee, James/A-3510-2010 FU DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; US Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers FX The authors wish to thank Mac Post, Gregg Marland, and Joe Katz for stimulating discussions. This research was supported in parts by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Director's Seed Money Project Funds and by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Young Scientist Award and the US Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (to J. W. Lee). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for DOE under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. We are grateful also to three anonymous referees for their constructive suggestions to the manuscript. NR 52 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 77 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1695 EP 1705 DI 10.1039/c004561f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672QQ UT WOS:000283602400006 ER PT J AU Yang, L Cheng, Z Liu, ML Wilson, L AF Yang, Lei Cheng, Zhe Liu, Meilin Wilson, Lane TI New insights into sulfur poisoning behavior of Ni-YSZ anode from long-term operation of anode-supported SOFCs SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; PROTON CONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; CATHODE; GAS; ION; H2S AB The performance characteristics of high-performance Ni-YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are examined under typical fuel cell operating conditions over a period of similar to 3000 h when hydrogen contaminated with different concentrations of H(2)S was used as the fuel. Analyses reveal some new insights into the sulfur poisoning behavior of a Ni-YSZ anode. First, an initial drop in power output upon exposure to H(2)S-contaminated fuels is more dramatic in an anode-supported cell (with small cell resistance) than in electrolyte-supported cell (with large cell resistance), creating an illusion that a high-performance cell appears to be less sulfur tolerant than a low-performance cell. Second, the transition time for this rapid performance drop to cease is much longer for an anode-supported cell (with a thicker anode) than an electrolyte-supported cell (with a thinner anode). Third, the degree of sulfur poisoning (or the cell resistance increase due to sulfur poisoning) diminishes with operating cell current density, suggesting that the water produced at the active sites on anode surface from electro-oxidation of hydrogen (or oxygen ions) may promote the oxidation and removal of adsorbed sulfur. This effect becomes less pronounced at higher concentration of H2S, but still significant at similar to 1 ppm of H(2)S. Fourth, the subsequent slow degradation in performance after the rapid performance drop upon initial exposure to H(2)S can be avoided, indicating that the previously reported slow degradation is unlikely the inherent behavior of a Ni-YSZ anode, but associated with other complications. This further implies that sulfur poisoning may be reversible and the performance drop could be fully recovered when the fuel is switched back to clean hydrogen. C1 [Yang, Lei; Cheng, Zhe; Liu, Meilin] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Innovat Fuel Cell & Battery Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wilson, Lane] Power Syst Div, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Innovat Fuel Cell & Battery Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM meilin.liu@mse.gatech.edu RI Yang, Lei/D-4967-2011; Liu, Meilin/E-5782-2010 OI Liu, Meilin/0000-0002-6188-2372 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC26-04NT42219]; Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy SECA Core Technology Program under award number DE-FC26-04NT42219 and by the WCU Program at UNIST from the Korean Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. We would like to gratefully acknowledge the button cells received from Subhasish Mukerjee and Joseph M. Keller at Delphi Corporation, G18 glass sealant from Larry Pederson at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and useful discussions with Briggs White and Wayne Surdoval at NETL and Subhasish Mukerjee and Joseph M. Keller at Delphi. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 1804 EP 1809 DI 10.1039/c0ee00386g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672QQ UT WOS:000283602400020 ER PT J AU McCormick, RL Westbrook, SR AF McCormick, Robert L. Westbrook, Steven R. TI Storage Stability of Biodiesel and Biodiesel Blends SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB The objectives of this work were to identify a practical accelerated oxidative stability test method and to define a reasonable, data-based, stability minimum requirement. The biodiesel (B100) samples show a broad distribution of stability oil accelerated tests. with EN 14112 induction time results ranging from less than 1 h to as much as 12 h and ASTM D2274 total insolubles ranging from less than 1 mg/100 mL to nearly 18 mg/100 mL. The accelerated test data indicate that if the B100 stability is above roughly a 3 h induction time, blends prepared from that 13100 appear to be stable oil the induction time and D2274 tests. The D4625 long-term storage results for B100 indicate that most biodiesel samples, regardless of initial induction time, will begin to oxidize immediately during storage. If induction time is near or below the 3 h limit, the B100 will most likely go out of specification for either stability or acid value within 4 months (4 weeks on the D4625 test). Even B100 with induction times longer than 7 h will be out of specification for oxidation stability at only 4 months, although these samples may not have shown a significant increase in acidity or in deposit formation. The 3 h B100 induction time limit appears to be adequate to prevent oxidative degradation for 135 blends in storage for up to 12 months and B20 blends for up to 4 months. The results indicate that 13100 stability is the main factor that affects the stability of 135 and 1320 blends, independent of diesel fuel aromatic Content. sulfur level, Or stability. Synthetic antioxidants were highly effective at preventing acid and insoluble formation during storage. C1 [McCormick, Robert L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Westbrook, Steven R.] SW Res Inst San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP McCormick, RL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM robert.mccormick@nrel.gov RI McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011 FU National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL); National Biodiesel Board (NBB); U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Program FX This study is the result of a collaborative program between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the National Biodiesel Board (NBB), with technical direction from the ASTM Biodiesel Stability Task Force. The authors acknowledge Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies Program and from NBB,as well as technical assistance From NBB technical director Steve Howell. The authors also thank Teresa Alleman, Stu Porter, and Melissa Legg for their assistance in completing this project. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2010 VL 24 BP 690 EP 698 DI 10.1021/ef900878u PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 555MI UT WOS:000274514500088 ER PT S AU Abraham, DP AF Abraham, Daniel P. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, AK TI Diagnostic Studies on Lithium-Ion Cells at Argonne National Laboratory - An Overview SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE lithium-ion; aging; capacity; impedance; microscopy; spectroscopy AB High-power and high-energy lithium-ion cells are being studied at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) as part of the U. S. Department of Energy's FreedomCar and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) program. Cells ranging in capacity from 1 mAh to 1Ah, and containing a variety of electrodes and electrolytes, are examined to determine suitable material combinations that will meet and exceed the FCVT performance, cost, and safety targets. In this article, accelerated aging of 18650-type cells, and characterization of components harvested from these cells, is described. Several techniques that include electrochemical measurements, analytical electron microscopy, and x-ray spectroscopy were used to study the various cell components. Data from these studies were used to identify the most likely contributors to property degradation and determine mechanisms responsible for cell capacity fade and impedance rise. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abraham, DP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8147-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7683 AR 76830A DI 10.1117/12.851292 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BSS20 UT WOS:000285621700003 ER PT S AU Doeff, MM Conry, T Wilcox, J AF Doeff, Marca M. Conry, Thomas Wilcox, James BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, AK TI Improved layered mixed transition metal oxides for Li-ion batteries SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Cathodes; metal oxides; Li ion batteries; Al-substitution; Ti-substitution ID LITHIUM INSERTION MATERIAL; SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; CATHODE MATERIAL; HIGH-POWER; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2; AL; LI(NI1/3CO1/3MN1/3)O-2; SUBSTITUTION; CAPACITY AB Recent work in our laboratory has been directed towards development of mixed layered transition metal oxides with general composition Li[Ni, Co, M, Mn]O-2 (M=Al, Ti) for Li ion battery cathodes. Compounds such as Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O-2 (often called NMCs) are currently being commercialized for use in consumer electronic batteries, but the high cobalt content makes them too expensive for vehicular applications such as electric vehicles (EV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). To reduce materials costs, we have explored partial or full substitution of Co with Al, Ti, and Fe. Fe substitution generally decreases capacity and results in poorer rate and cycling behavior. Interestingly, low levels of substitution with Al or Ti improve aspects of performance with minimal impact on energy densities, for some formulations. High levels of Al substitution compromise specific capacity, however, so further improvements require that the Ni and Mn content be increased and Co correspondingly decreased. Low levels of Al or Ti substitution can then be used offset negative effects induced by the higher Ni content. The structural and electrochemical characterization of substituted NMCs is presented in this paper. C1 [Doeff, Marca M.; Conry, Thomas; Wilcox, James] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8147-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7683 AR 768309 DI 10.1117/12.851228 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BSS20 UT WOS:000285621700002 ER PT S AU Nagasubramanian, G AF Nagasubramanian, G. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, AK TI In-house Fabrication and Testing Capabilities for Li and Li-ion 18650 Cells SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Li-ion cells; capacity; electrolyte; impedance; cathode; anode AB For over 10 years Sandia Labs have been involved in an US DOE-funded program aimed at developing electric vehicle batteries for transportation applications. Currently this program is called "Advanced Battery Research (ABR)." In this effort we were preparing 18650 cells with electrodes supplied by or purchased from private companies for thermal abuse and electrical characterization studies. Lately, we are coating our own electrodes, building cells and evaluating performance. This paper describes our extensive in-house facilities for slurry making, electrode coating, cell winding etc. In addition, facilities for electrical testing and thermal abuse will be described. This facility allows us to readjust our focus quickly to the changing demands of the still evolving ABR program. Additionally, we continue to make cells for our internal use. We made several 18650 cells both primary (Li-CF(x)) and secondary (Li-ion) and evaluated performance. For example Li-CF(x) cells gave similar to 2.9Ahr capacity at room temperature. Our high voltage Li-ion cells consisting of carbon anode and cathode based on LiNi (0.4)Mn (0.3)Co (0.3)O(2) in organic electrolytes exhibited reproducible behavior and gave capacity on the order of 1Ahr. Performance of Li-ion cells at different temperatures and thermal abuse characteristics will be presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Power Sources R&D Dept 2546, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Power Sources R&D Dept 2546, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8147-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7683 AR 76830C DI 10.1117/12.849324 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BSS20 UT WOS:000285621700005 ER PT S AU Sullivan, JP Huang, J Shaw, MJ Subramanian, A Hudak, N Zhan, Y Lou, J AF Sullivan, J. P. Huang, J. Shaw, M. J. Subramanian, A. Hudak, N. Zhan, Y. Lou, J. BE Dhar, NK Wijewarnasuriya, PS Dutta, AK TI Understanding Li-ion battery processes at the atomic-to nano-scale SO ENERGY HARVESTING AND STORAGE: MATERIALS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Harvesting and Storage - Materials, Devices, and Applications CY APR 05-06, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Li-ion battery; energy storage; battery characterization; battery diagnostics; MEMS; TEM ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LITHIUM BATTERIES; GROWTH; NANOWIRES; SILICON; CELLS AB Reducing battery materials to nano-scale dimensions may improve battery performance while maintaining the use of low-cost materials. However, we need better characterization tools with atomic to nano-scale resolution in order to understand degradation mechanisms and the structural and mechanical changes that occur in these new materials during battery cycling. To meet this need, we have developed a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-based platform for performing electrochemical measurements using volatile electrolytes inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). This platform uses flip-chip assembly with special alignment features and multiple buried electrode configurations. In addition to this platform, we have developed an unsealed platform that permits in situ TEM electrochemistry using ionic liquid electrolytes. As a test of these platform concepts, we have assembled MnO(2) nanowires on to the platform using dielectrophoresis and have examined their electrical and structural changes as a function of lithiation. These results reveal a large irreversible drop in electronic conductance and the creation of a high degree of lattice disorder following lithiation of the nanowires. From these initial results, we conclude that the future full development of in situ TEM characterization tools will enable important mechanistic understanding of Li-ion battery materials. C1 [Sullivan, J. P.; Huang, J.; Shaw, M. J.; Subramanian, A.; Hudak, N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sullivan, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8147-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7683 AR 76830B DI 10.1117/12.849530 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Optics GA BSS20 UT WOS:000285621700004 ER PT J AU Sioshansi, R Denholm, P AF Sioshansi, Ramteen Denholm, Paul TI The Value of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles as Grid Resources SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs.) can become valuable resources for an electric power system by providing vehicle to grid (V2G) services, such as energy storage and ancillary services. We use a unit commitment model of the Texas power system to simulate system operations with different-sized PHEV fleets that do and do not provide V2G services, to estimate the value of those services. We demonstrate that a PHEV fleet can provide benefits to the system, mainly through the provision of ancillary services, reducing the need to reserve conventional generator capacity. Moreover, our analysis shows that PHEV owners are made better off by providing V2G services and we demonstrate that these benefits can reduce the time it takes to recover the higher upfront capital cost of a PHEV when compared to other vehicle types. C1 [Sioshansi, Ramteen] Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Denholm, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Sioshansi, R (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Integrated Syst Engn Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM sioshansi.1@osu.edu; paul.denholm@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-99G010337] FX The authors would like to thank Tony Markel, Armin Sorooshian, and two anonymous referees for helpful suggestions regarding PHEV modeling. The authors would also like to thank Tony Markel for providing PHEV data and Tony Grasso for ERCOT market and system data. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-99G010337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Any opinions and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Department of Energy or the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 10 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 3 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619HW UT WOS:000279421600001 ER PT J AU Baker, AB AF Baker, Arnold B. TI International Economic Interdependency and U.S. National Energy Policy SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper briefly reviews some key aspects of U.S. energy policy history and policy-making complexity, considers the issues and pressures that growing international economic interdependency may bring, and suggests some approaches and tools for improvement. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baker, AB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM abbaker@sandia.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 4 BP 57 EP 78 PG 22 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 655NV UT WOS:000282257600003 ER PT J AU Kyle, P Clarke, L Rong, F Smith, SJ AF Kyle, Page Clarke, Leon Rong, Fang Smith, Steven J. TI Climate Policy and the Long-Term Evolution of the US Buildings Sector SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID STABILIZATION; TECHNOLOGIES; CO2 AB Buildings are the dominant driver of daily and seasonal electric load cycles, and account for 40 percent of U.S. final energy use. They account for roughly 10 percent of direct U.S. CO(2) emissions and roughly 40 percent once indirect emissions from electricity generation are included. This paper explores the possible evolution of this sector over the coming century, its potential role in climate action and response to climate policies, and the potential benefits of advances in building technologies for addressing climate change. The paper presents a set of scenarios based on a detailed, service-based model of the U.S. buildings sector that is embedded within a long-term, global, integrated assessment model, MiniCAM. Eight scenarios are created in total, combining two sets of assumptions regarding U.S. building service demand growth, two sets of assumptions regarding the improvements in building energy technologies, and two assumptions regarding long-term U.S. climate action - a no-climate-action assumption and an assumption of market-based policies to reduce US. CO2 emissions consistent with a 450 ppmv global target. Through these eight scenarios, the paper comments on the implications of continued growth in building service demands, the ability of efficiency measures to reduce emissions, and the strong link between decarbonization of electricity generation and building sector emissions. C1 [Kyle, Page; Clarke, Leon; Smith, Steven J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Rong, Fang] Tsinghua Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Management, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Kyle, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pkyle@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Electric Power Research Institute; Global Energy Technology Strategy Program FX The authors are indebted to the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy for support of the research of this paper. The authors are also indebted to the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science, the Electric Power Research Institute, and other sponsors of the Global Energy Technology Strategy Program (GTSP; http://www.pnl.gov/gtsp/index. stm) for their support of the MiniCAM integrated assessment modeling framework. The authors would like to thank David Belzer and David Winiarski from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for their helpful comments and advice, and Will Gans from the University of Maryland for assistance in developing the MiniCAM buildings module. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 2 BP 145 EP 172 PG 28 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 578GP UT WOS:000276281900006 ER PT J AU Andress, D Nguyen, TD Das, S AF Andress, David Nguyen, T. Dean Das, Sujit TI Low-carbon fuel standard-Status and analytic issues SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Low-carbon fuel standard; Transportation greenhouse gases; California climate regulation AB In the United States, the federal government and several state governments are formulating or implementing policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gases emissions. In April 2009, the State of California adopted the Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), a groundbreaking policy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector. This paper reviews the major elements of a LCFS, focusing on California's implementation, and discusses the key open issues of a LCFS. This paper also summarizes the major elements of the cap-and-trade and carbon tax concepts, the two principal alternative approaches to regulating greenhouse gases emissions. Analytical issues associated with the LCFS are highlighted, including land-use change effects associated with certain biofuels. If electricity becomes a significant transportation fuel, a number of regulatory issues will need to be addressed. Beyond California, the LCFS approach appears to be favored by several other US states and the European Union. A Hydrogen-Success scenario example illustrates the key features of a national LCFS following California's model. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Andress, David] David Andress & Associates, Kensington, MD USA. [Nguyen, T. Dean] US DOE, Washington, DC USA. [Das, Sujit] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Andress, D (reprint author), David Andress & Associates, Kensington, MD USA. EM davidandress@msn.com NR 8 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 2010 VL 38 IS 1 BP 580 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.010 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 536ZE UT WOS:000273081700057 ER PT B AU Pascual, C Elkind, J AF Pascual, Carlos Elkind, Jonathan BE Pascual, C Elkind, J TI ENERGY SECURITY ECONOMICS, POLITICS, STRATEGIES, AND IMPLICATIONS Introduction SO ENERGY SECURITY: ECONOMICS, POLITICS, STRATEGIES, AND IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Pascual, Carlos] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Pascual, Carlos; Elkind, Jonathan] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Elkind, Jonathan] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Pascual, C (reprint author), US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-6919-4 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BZL41 UT WOS:000301920800002 ER PT B AU Elkind, J AF Elkind, Jonathan BE Pascual, C Elkind, J TI Energy Security Call for a Broader Agenda SO ENERGY SECURITY: ECONOMICS, POLITICS, STRATEGIES, AND IMPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Elkind, Jonathan] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [Elkind, Jonathan] Brookings Inst, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Elkind, J (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU BROOKINGS INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1775 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-0-8157-6919-4 PY 2010 BP 119 EP 148 PG 30 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BZL41 UT WOS:000301920800008 ER PT B AU Hartvigsen, J Elangovan, S Frost, L Stoots, C O'Brien, J Herring, JS Sohal, M Hawkes, G AF Hartvigsen, Joseph Elangovan, S. Frost, Lyman Stoots, Carl O'Brien, James Herring, J. S. Sohal, Manohar Hawkes, Grant BE Neelameggham, NR Reddy, RG Belt, CK Hagni, AM Das, S TI Synthetic Fuel Production Utilizing CO2 Recycling as an Alternative to Sequestration SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 2010: CONSERVATION, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Technology 2010 / TMS 2010 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals Mes & Mat Soc, Light Met Div DE carbon dioxide; high temperature electrolysis; Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; greenhouse gas reduction; climate change AB Pressing environmental and energy security concerns have brought much needed attention to economic production of hydrogen as the secondary energy carrier for non-electrical markets as well as to meet increasing demand for crude upgrading and desulfurization. While steam reforming of natural gas is currently the dominant method of hydrogen production, it is depleting a valuable fossil fuel while emitting green house gases. Thus, in the long run, efficient, environmentally friendly, and economic means of hydrogen production using nuclear and renewable energy needs to be developed. High temperature electrolysis using solid oxide electrolyte cells is an exceptionally efficient means of generation of high purity hydrogen. It is also capable of directly converting steam and CO2 into synthesis gas. This co-electrolysis process enables conversion of CO2 recovered from concentrated industrial sources into a feedstock for synthetic fuels production. Use of CO2 provides a means of storing hydrogen in a concentrated and convenient form a hydrocarbon. This is also an effective storage medium for intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Ceramatec, Inc and the Idaho National Laboratory are applying solid oxide fuel cell technology to the production of synthesis gas by high temperature co-electrolysis of steam and carbon dioxide. This technology utilizes solid oxide fuel cell stacks to electrochemically remove oxygen from steam and CO2, leaving a clean stream of hydrogen and carbon monoxide suitable for fuel synthesis. By varying the relative concentrations of carbon dioxide and steam, the hydrogen to carbon monoxide product ratio can be controlled as required by the desired type of synthetic fuel being produced from the syngas. The resultant synthesis gas has been used as the feedstock to produce synthetic methane and Fischer Tropsch liquid fuels. Alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolysis cells typically operate below 100 degrees C, while solid oxide electrolysis cells operates in the 750-850 degrees C range. This higher temperature improves the efficiency significantly. Practically, it translates into a lower cell operating voltage, 1.1-1.4V for high temperature electrolysis vs. similar to 1.8V for water electrolysis. Hydrogen production is stoichiometric with current in all types of electrolyzers. Carbon dioxide is a valuable resource as a feedstock for energy storage as a hydrocarbon. There is a vast amount of renewable energy that cannot be effectively utilized as grid electricity, but which could be used to convert CO2 to hydrocarbons, offering a solution to the even more difficult (than supplying grid power) challenge of production of sustainable, domestic transportation fuels. Conventional electrolysis and chemical processes could be deployed to accomplish this conversion. However, high temperature co-electrolysis of CO2 and steam to produce synthesis gas using solid oxide fuel cell technology has the potential of improving the efficiency by nearly 50%. A domestic synfuel industry will enable a much larger reliance on intermittent renewable energy than can be accommodated by conventional electric demand profiles while increasing our energy security. C1 [Hartvigsen, Joseph; Elangovan, S.; Frost, Lyman] Ceramatec Inc, 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. [Stoots, Carl; O'Brien, James; Herring, J. S.; Sohal, Manohar; Hawkes, Grant] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hartvigsen, J (reprint author), Ceramatec Inc, 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119 USA. OI Hawkes, Grant/0000-0003-3496-8100 FU Idaho National Laboratory; Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative Program; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the Idaho National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development program, the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative Program, and the Office of Naval Research. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-749-0 PY 2010 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG8JE UT WOS:000392350500002 ER PT B AU Miller, JE Diver, RB Siegel, NP Coker, EN Ambrosini, A Dedrick, DE Allendorf, MD McDaniel, AH Kellogg, GL Hogan, RE Chen, KS Stechel, EB AF Miller, James E. Diver, Richard B. Siegel, Nathan P. Coker, Eric N. Ambrosini, Andrea Dedrick, Daniel E. Allendorf, Mark D. McDaniel, Anthony H. Kellogg, Gary L. Hogan, Roy E. Chen, Ken S. Stechel, Ellen B. BE Neelameggham, NR Reddy, RG Belt, CK Hagni, AM Das, S TI SUNSHINE TO PETROL: A METAL OXIDE-BASED THERMOCHEMICAL ROUTE TO SOLAR FUELS SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 2010: CONSERVATION, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Technology 2010 / TMS 2010 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals Mes & Mat Soc, Light Met Div DE Metal oxide; Thermochemical cycles; Fuels ID ENERGY; CYCLES; CO2 AB Converting carbon dioxide and water to hydrocarbons is an attractive option for storing solar energy and, coupled with appropriate CO2 capture technology, for recycling carbon and impacting atmospheric CO2 concentrations. For any process, high solar-to-fuel efficiency is necessary for large scale viability and favorable economics. Thermochemical approaches for solar-to-fuel conversion are potentially highly efficient as they avoid the inherent limitations of photosynthesis and also sidestep the solar-to-electric conversion necessary to drive electrolytic reactions. Solar-driven two-step metal-oxide-based thermochemical cycles for producing the components of syngas, CO and H-2, from CO2 and H2O are the basis of the "Sunshine to Petrol" project. Multi-cycle production of both H-2 and CO has been demonstrated over several iron- and cerium-based compositions fabricated into monolithic pieces both in the laboratory and at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility. These compositions are being developed for deployment in a unique and continuous solar-driven reactor prototype, the counter-rotating-ring receiver reactor recuperator or CR5. C1 [Miller, James E.; Diver, Richard B.; Siegel, Nathan P.; Coker, Eric N.; Ambrosini, Andrea; Kellogg, Gary L.; Hogan, Roy E.; Chen, Ken S.; Stechel, Ellen B.] Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Dedrick, Daniel E.; Allendorf, Mark D.; McDaniel, Anthony H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Miller, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, in the form of a Grand Challenge project entitled "Reimagining Liquid Transportation Fuels: Sunshine to Petrol." Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-749-0 PY 2010 BP 27 EP 38 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG8JE UT WOS:000392350500003 ER PT B AU Clark, JA Summers, C Oryshchyn, D Gerdemann, S Ochs, T Carney, C AF Clark, John A., III Summers, Cathy Oryshchyn, Danylo Gerdemann, Stephen Ochs, Thomas Carney, Casey BE Neelameggham, NR Reddy, RG Belt, CK Hagni, AM Das, S TI Low Cost Options for Gas Compositional Analysis of Product Streams of Oxy-Combustion Processes with Carbon Capture (an Overview) SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 2010: CONSERVATION, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Technology 2010 / TMS 2010 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals Mes & Mat Soc, Light Met Div DE Oxy-combustion; gas analysis equipment; carbon capture; low cost; CEM AB Limited analysis of combustion gas streams where carbon capture is not of interest is done mainly to ascertain operation parameters. Stringent regulations on acid gases and particulates promote careful flue gas analysis. Unregulated components are typically not analyzed. Typically not more than four points (two in the boiler, and one each in the flue and the stack) are sampled. A successful oxy-fuel process with carbon capture and compression is anticipated to require as many as 12 sample points with analysis for water, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, NOx, SOx, and carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide captured for beverages produces a high value product and the cost associated with analysis is warranted. However, carbon capture for disposal must keep all costs to a minimum. This paper will compare alternative approaches for cost-effective sampling and analysis of the carbon dioxide product streams from oxy-fuel combustion, through all stages of production through compression and pipeline/vessel delivery. C1 [Clark, John A., III; Summers, Cathy; Oryshchyn, Danylo; Gerdemann, Stephen; Ochs, Thomas; Carney, Casey] Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Clark, JA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-749-0 PY 2010 BP 159 EP 170 PG 12 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG8JE UT WOS:000392350500016 ER PT B AU Salazar-Villalpando, MD Reyes, B Cugini, A AF Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D. Reyes, Bryan Cugini, Anthony BE Neelameggham, NR Reddy, RG Belt, CK Hagni, AM Das, S TI Voltammetric measurements for CO2 reduction under ambient conditions SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 2010: CONSERVATION, GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Energy Technology 2010 / TMS 2010 Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA SP Minerals Mes & Mat Soc, Light Met Div DE CO2 reduction; Voltammetric measurements; NaHCO3; KHCO3 ID SITU ELECTRODEPOSITED COPPER; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; 3-PHASE INTERFACE; CU ELECTRODES; ETHYLENE; METHANE; HYDROCARBONS; ADSORPTION; PRESSURE AB The electrochemical reduction of CO2 was performed in a laboratory-made, divided H-type cell. A copper electrode was used as the cathode. An Aldrich Nafion 117-type ion exchange membrane (0.18mm thickness) was used as the diaphragm. NaHCO3 and KHCO3 were studied as the catholytes. Hydrogen evolution from water reduction and products from CO2 electrochemical conversion were recorded. Higher CO2 reduction enhancement was observed by KHCO3 as compared to NaHCO3. The main conclusion of this work is that in fact CO2 can be electrochemically reduced with copper electrodes. C1 [Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D.; Reyes, Bryan; Cugini, Anthony] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Salazar-Villalpando, MD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM maria.salazar@netl.doe.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 978-0-87339-749-0 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 204 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BG8JE UT WOS:000392350500020 ER PT J AU Fata, SN Gray, LJ AF Fata, S. Nintcheu Gray, L. J. TI On the implementation of 3D Galerkin boundary integral equations SO ENGINEERING ANALYSIS WITH BOUNDARY ELEMENTS LA English DT Article DE Galerkin approximation; Sparse preconditioner; Singular integrals; Hypersingular integrals; Boundary element method; Triangular boundary; Potential theory; Incomplete LU; Iterative methods ID BEM; PRECONDITIONERS; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS AB In this article, a reverse contribution technique is proposed to accelerate the construction of the dense influence matrices associated with a Galerkin approximation of hypersingular boundary integral equations of mixed-type in potential theory. In addition, a general-purpose sparse preconditioner for boundary element methods has also been developed to successfully deal with ill-conditioned linear systems arising from the discretization of mixed boundary-value problems on non-smooth surfaces. The proposed preconditioner, which originates from the precorrected-FFT method, is sparse, easy to generate and apply in a Krylov subspace iterative solution of discretized boundary integral equations. Moreover, an approximate inverse of the preconditioner is implicitly built by employing an incomplete LU factorization. Numerical experiments involving mixed boundary-value problems for the Laplace equation are included to illustrate the performance and validity of the proposed techniques. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fata, S. Nintcheu; Gray, L. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fata, SN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS 6367, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nintcheufats@ornl.gov FU US Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US Government retains a non-exclusive, royaltyfree license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-7997 J9 ENG ANAL BOUND ELEM JI Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 34 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.enganabound.2009.06.010 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 520ES UT WOS:000271823700009 ER PT J AU Rammohan, RR Farfan, BG Su, MF El-Kady, I Taha, MMR AF Rammohan, R. R. Farfan, B. G. Su, M. F. El-Kady, I. Taha, M. M. Reda TI Hybrid genetic optimization for design of photonic crystal emitters SO ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE genetic algorithm; heuristic search; hybrid optimization; photonic crystals; emitter design ID DIFFRACTION; ALGORITHM; EMISSION; GRATINGS AB A unique hybrid-optimization technique is proposed, based on genetic algorithms (GA) and gradient descent (GD) methods, for the smart design of photonic crystal (PhC) emitters. The photonic simulation is described and the granularity of photonic crystal dimensions is considered. An innovative sliding-window method for performing local heuristic search is demonstrated. Finally, the application of the proposed method on two case studies for the design of a multi-pixel photonic crystal emitter and the design of thermal emitter in thermal photovoltaic is demonstrated. Discussion in the report includes the ability of the optimal PhC structures designed using the proposed method, to produce unprecedented high emission efficiencies of 54.5% in a significantly long wavelength region and 84.9% at significantly short wavelength region. C1 [Taha, M. M. Reda] Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Rammohan, R. R.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Farfan, B. G.; Su, M. F.; El-Kady, I.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [El-Kady, I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Taha, MMR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Civil Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM mrtaha@unm.edu RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 FU Sandia National Laboratories (SNL); Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work is supported by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. The authors greatly appreciate this support. Finally, the authors would like to extend their thanks to Dr. Jason Verley for his insights and technical discussions and his early review of the manuscript. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-215X EI 1029-0273 J9 ENG OPTIMIZ JI Eng. Optimiz. PY 2010 VL 42 IS 9 BP 791 EP 809 AR PII 920975548 DI 10.1080/03052150903426868 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 641UZ UT WOS:000281156900001 ER PT S AU Monroe, L Pugmire, D AF Monroe, Laura Pugmire, David BE McDowall, IE Dolinsky, M TI A case study of collaborative facilities use in engineering design SO ENGINEERING REALITY OF VIRTUAL REALITY 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Engineering Reality of Virtual Reality 2010 CY JAN 21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP IS & T (Soc Imaging Sci & Technol) DE H.5.1 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: Multimedia Information Systems - Artificial, augmented and virtual reality; H.5.3 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: Group and Organization Interfaces - Computer, supported cooperative work; I.3.4 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Utilities - Application packages, Virtual device interfaces; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism - Virtual Reality AB In this paper we describe the use of visualization tools and facilities in the collaborative design of a replacement weapons system, the Reliable Replacement Warhead (RRW). We used not only standard collaboration methods but also a range of visualization software and facilities to bring together domain specialists from laboratories across the country to collaborate on the design and integrate this disparate input early in the design. This was the first time in U. S. weapons history that a weapon had been designed in this collaborative manner. Benefits included projected cost savings, design improvements and increased understanding across the project. C1 [Monroe, Laura] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Monroe, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B272, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lmonroe@lanl.gov; pugmire@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7918-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7525 AR 752509 DI 10.1117/12.839511 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BRR45 UT WOS:000283496000008 ER PT J AU Fan, MH Huang, CP Bland, AE Wang, ZL Slimane, R Wright, I AF Fan, Maohong Huang, C. P. Bland, Alan E. Wang, Zhonglin Slimane, Rachid Wright, Ian BE Fan, M Huang, CP Bland, AE Wang, Z Slimane, R Wright, IG TI ENVIRONANOTECHNOLOGY PREFACE SO ENVIRONANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Fan, Maohong] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Huang, C. P.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Bland, Alan E.] Western Res Inst, Laramie, WY USA. [Wang, Zhonglin] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Slimane, Rachid] Inst Gas Technol, Des Plaines, IL USA. [Wright, Ian] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fan, MH (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM mfan@uwyo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-091511-1 PY 2010 BP XV EP XV DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-054820-3.00035-6 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BFB02 UT WOS:000319048600001 ER PT J AU Stafford, SG Bartels, DM Begay-Campbell, S Bubier, JL Crittenden, JC Cutter, SL Delaney, JR Jordan, TE Kay, AC Libecap, GD Moore, JC Rabalais, NN Rejeski, D Sala, OE Shepherd, JM Travis, J AF Stafford, Susan G. Bartels, Dennis M. Begay-Campbell, Sandra Bubier, Jill L. Crittenden, John C. Cutter, Susan L. Delaney, John R. Jordan, Teresa E. Kay, Alan C. Libecap, Gary D. Moore, John C. Rabalais, Nancy N. Rejeski, David Sala, Osvaldo E. Shepherd, J. Marshall Travis, Joseph TI NOW IS THE TIME FOR ACTION: TRANSITIONS AND TIPPING POINTS IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 [Stafford, Susan G.] Univ Minnesota, Coll Food Agr & Nat Resources Sci, Dept Forest Resources, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Bartels, Dennis M.] San Francisco Exploratorium, San Francisco, CA USA. [Begay-Campbell, Sandra] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Bubier, Jill L.] Mt Holyoke Coll, Dept Earth & Environm, Environm Studies Program, S Hadley, MA USA. [Crittenden, John C.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Brook Byers Inst Sustainable Syst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cutter, Susan L.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geog, Hazards Res Lab, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Delaney, John R.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Sensor Networks, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jordan, Teresa E.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Libecap, Gary D.] Natl Bur Econ Res, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Libecap, Gary D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moore, John C.] Colorado State Univ Ft Collins, Natl Res Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Sala, Osvaldo E.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Shepherd, J. Marshall] Univ Georgia, Dept Geog, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Travis, Joseph] Florida State Univ, Coll Arts & Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Moore, John/E-9802-2011; Jordan, Teresa/I-5889-2013 OI Jordan, Teresa/0000-0002-6638-433X NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 13 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0013-9157 J9 ENVIRONMENT JI Environment PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 52 IS 1 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1080/00139150903481882 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546RF UT WOS:000273827300005 ER PT J AU Dong, WM Liang, LY Brooks, S Southworth, G Gu, BH AF Dong, Wenming Liang, Liyuan Brooks, Scott Southworth, George Gu, Baohua TI Roles of dissolved organic matter in the speciation of mercury and methylmercury in a contaminated ecosystem in Oak Ridge, Tennessee SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aquatic environments; complexation; geochemical model; methylation; reduced sulfur; thiols ID REDUCED SULFUR GROUPS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; AQUATIC HUMIC SUBSTANCES; FRESH-WATER ALGA; METHYL MERCURY; METAL-COMPLEXES; NATURAL-WATERS; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; EXAFS EVIDENCE AB Complexation of the mercuric ion (Hg(2+)) and methylmercury (CH(3)Hg(+)) with organic and inorganic ligands influences mercury transformation and bioaccumulation in aquatic environments. Using aqueous geochemical modelling, we show that natural dissolved organic matter (DOM), even at low concentrations (similar to 3 mg L(-1)), controls the Hg speciation by forming strong Hg-DOM and CH(3)Hg-DOM complexes through the reactive sulfur or thiol-like functional groups in DOM in the contaminated East Fork Poplar Creek at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Concentrations of neutral Hg(OH)(2), Hg(OH) Cl, CH(3)HgCl, and CH(3)HgOH species are negligible. Of the coexisting metal ions, only Zn(2+), at concentrations of 1.6-2.6 x 10(-7) M, competes with Hg(2+) for binding with DOM, causing decrease in Hg-DOM complexation but having little impact on CH(3)Hg-DOM complexation. DOM may thus play a dominant role in controlling the transformation, biological uptake, and methylation of Hg in this contaminated ecosystem. C1 [Dong, Wenming; Liang, Liyuan; Brooks, Scott; Southworth, George; Gu, Baohua] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gu, BH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6036, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gub1@ornl.gov RI Gu, Baohua/B-9511-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014; Dong, Wenming/G-3221-2015 OI Gu, Baohua/0000-0002-7299-2956; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324; Dong, Wenming/0000-0003-2074-8887 FU Office of the Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research is part of the Science Focus Area (SFA) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) supported by the Office of the Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy (DOE). ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for US DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 58 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 60 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 94 EP 102 DI 10.1071/EN09091 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 558HQ UT WOS:000274732200010 ER PT J AU Elias, G Mincher, BJ Mezyk, SP Cullen, TD Martin, LR AF Elias, Gracy Mincher, Bruce J. Mezyk, Stephen P. Cullen, Thomas D. Martin, Leigh R. TI Anisole nitration during gamma-irradiation of aqueous nitrite and nitrate solutions: free radical versus ionic mechanisms SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE N-centred radicals; nitronium ion; nitrosonium ion; radical chemistry ID ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC-SUBSTITUTION; PULSE-RADIOLYSIS; RATE CONSTANTS; NITROUS-ACID; HYDROXYL RADICALS; PHASE REACTIONS; SULFURIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; NITROSATION; NAPHTHALENE AB In the irradiated, acidic condensed phase, radiation-enhanced nitrous acid-catalysed, nitrosonium ion, electrophilic aromatic substitution followed by oxidation reactions dominated over radical addition reactions for anisole. This ionic mechanism would predominate in urban atmospheric aerosols and nuclear fuel dissolutions. Irradiated neutral nitrate anisole solutions were dominated by mixed nitrosonium/nitronium ion electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, but with lower product yields. Solutions such as these might be encountered in water treatment by e-beam irradiation. Irradiation of neutral nitrite anisole solutions resulted in a statistical substitution pattern for nitroanisole products, suggesting non-electrophilic free radical reactions involving the (center dot)NO(2) radical. Although often proposed as an atmospheric nitrating agent, (center dot)NO(2) radical is unlikely to have an important effect in the acidic condensed phase in the presence of more reactive, competing species such as nitrous acid. C1 [Elias, Gracy; Mincher, Bruce J.; Martin, Leigh R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Mezyk, Stephen P.; Cullen, Thomas D.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Mincher, BJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM bruce.mincher@inl.gov RI Martin, Leigh/P-3167-2016; Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 OI Martin, Leigh/0000-0001-7241-7110; FU USA Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-99ID13727] FX This research was funded by the INL-LDRD program, sponsored by the USA Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology under DOE Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-99ID13727. Kinetics experiments were performed at the Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, which is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, USA Department of Energy. Special thanks are due to H. Sims for helpful discussions concerning the chemistry of irradiated nitric acid. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 183 EP 189 DI 10.1071/EN09109 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 586GN UT WOS:000276894500007 ER PT J AU Khagram, S Nicholas, KA Bever, DM Warren, J Richards, EH Oleson, K Kitzes, J Katz, R Hwang, R Goldman, R Funk, J Brauman, KA AF Khagram, Sanjeev Nicholas, Kimberly A. Bever, Dena Macmynowski Warren, Justin Richards, Elizabeth H. Oleson, Kirsten Kitzes, Justin Katz, Rebecca Hwang, Rebeca Goldman, Rebecca Funk, Jason Brauman, Kate A. TI Thinking about knowing: conceptual foundations for interdisciplinary environmental research SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE environment and security; environmental studies; epistemology; interdisciplinary research; philosophy of science; research methods; sustainability science; theory development ID CONFLICT AB Working across knowledge-based research programmes, rather than institutional structures, should be central to interdisciplinary research. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed to facilitate interdisciplinary research, with the goals of promoting communication, understanding and collaborative work. Three core elements need to be addressed to improve interdisciplinary research: the types (forms and functions) of theories, the underlying philosophies of knowledge and the combination of research styles; these three elements combine to form the research programme. Case studies from sustainability science and environmental security illustrate the application of this research programme-based framework. This framework may be helpful in overcoming often oversimplified distinctions, such as qualitative/quantitative, deductive/inductive, normative/descriptive, subjective/objective and theory/practice. Applying this conceptual framework to interdisciplinary research should foster theoretical advances, more effective communication and better problem-solving in increasingly interdisciplinary environmental fields. C1 [Nicholas, Kimberly A.; Warren, Justin; Richards, Elizabeth H.; Oleson, Kirsten; Hwang, Rebeca; Goldman, Rebecca; Funk, Jason; Brauman, Kate A.] Stanford Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Resources, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Khagram, Sanjeev] Univ Washington, Lindenberg Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nicholas, Kimberly A.] Lund Univ, Ctr Sustainabil Studies, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Bever, Dena Macmynowski] Stanford Univ, Wood Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Richards, Elizabeth H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Kitzes, Justin; Katz, Rebecca] Stanford Univ, Earth Syst Program, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Kitzes, Justin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Katz, Rebecca] High Mt Inst, Leadville, CO 80461 USA. [Hwang, Rebeca] YouNoodle, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. [Goldman, Rebecca] Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Funk, Jason] Environm Def Fund, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Brauman, Kate A.] Univ Minnesota, Inst Environm, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Nicholas, KA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Environm & Resources, Yang & Yamazaki Environm & Energy Bldg,473 Via Or, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kimberly.nicholas.academic@gmail.com RI Kitzes, Justin/D-1818-2011; Nicholas, Kimberly/G-3669-2010; Oleson, Kirsten/M-7741-2015; OI Kitzes, Justin/0000-0001-7839-3594; Nicholas, Kimberly/0000-0002-4756-7851; Oleson, Kirsten/0000-0002-7992-5051; Brauman, Kate/0000-0002-8099-285X NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 17 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PY 2010 VL 37 IS 4 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1017/S0376892910000809 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 696UG UT WOS:000285466300004 ER PT J AU Kallis, G Ray, I Fulton, J McMahon, JE AF Kallis, Giorgos Ray, Isha Fulton, Julian McMahon, James E. TI Public Versus Private: Does It Matter for Water Conservation? Insights from California SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Water conservation; Droughts; Privatization; Public perceptions; California ID SIDE MANAGEMENT POLICIES; URBAN WATER; SECTOR PARTICIPATION; CONSUMPTION; DEMAND; DROUGHT; DETERMINANTS; ATTITUDES; YORKSHIRE AB This article asks three connected questions: First, does the public view private and public utilities differently, and if so, does this affect attitudes to conservation? Second, do public and private utilities differ in their approaches to conservation? Finally, do differences in the approaches of the utilities, if any, relate to differences in public attitudes? We survey public attitudes in California toward (hypothetical but plausible) voluntary and mandated water conservation, as well as to price increases, during a recent period of shortage. We do this by interviewing households in three pairs of adjacent public and private utilities. We also survey managers of public and private urban water utilities to see if they differ in their approaches to conservation and to their customers. On the user side we do not find pronounced differences, though a minority of customers in all private companies would be more willing to conserve or pay higher prices under a public operator. No respondent in public utility said the reverse. Negative attitudes toward private operators were most pronounced in the pair marked by a controversial recent privatization and a price hike. Nonetheless, we find that California's history of recurrent droughts and the visible role of the state in water supply and drought management undermine the distinction between public and private. Private utilities themselves work to underplay the distinction by stressing the collective ownership of the water source and the collective value of conservation. Overall, California's public utilities appear more proactive and target-oriented in asking their customers to conserve than their private counterparts and the state continues to be important in legitimating and guiding conservation behavior, whether the utility is in public hands or private. C1 [Kallis, Giorgos] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICTA, ETSE, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. [Ray, Isha; Fulton, Julian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McMahon, James E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kallis, G (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, ICTA, ETSE, QC-3095, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM giorgoskallis@gmail.com; isharay@berkeley.edu; julianfulton@berkeley.edu; JEMcMahon@LBL.gov RI KALLIS, GIORGOS/B-9448-2015 OI KALLIS, GIORGOS/0000-0003-0688-9552 FU European Community; University of California's Committee on Research (COR) FX Hanna Jacobsen conducted most of our telephone surveys with users and water managers. This project owes much to Hanna's tireless and meticulous work. Anita Milman conducted the tests for statistical significance in our comparisons of public and private utilities. This research protocol was designed in accordance with the rules of UC Berkeley's Office for the Protection of Human Subjects. We are obliged by these rules not to provide any information that would permit identification of individuals from whom we received information that is not publicly available. The managers of Utility A and B, who therefore must remain unnamed, were most generous with their time and their perspectives. We are grateful to the four reviewers of this article for their detailed comments and suggestions. Kallis' research was supported by a Marie Curie International Fellowship within the 6th European Community Framework Programme; Ray's research received support from University of California's Committee on Research (COR). NR 44 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 45 IS 1 BP 177 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s00267-009-9403-8 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551KG UT WOS:000274206500016 PM 19967363 ER PT J AU Kunin, V Engelbrektson, A Ochman, H Hugenholtz, P AF Kunin, Victor Engelbrektson, Anna Ochman, Howard Hugenholtz, Philip TI Wrinkles in the rare biosphere: pyrosequencing errors can lead to artificial inflation of diversity estimates SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCE; QUALITY; SEARCH AB P>Massively parallel pyrosequencing of the small subunit (16S) ribosomal RNA gene has revealed that the extent of rare microbial populations in several environments, the 'rare biosphere', is orders of magnitude higher than previously thought. One important caveat with this method is that sequencing error could artificially inflate diversity estimates. Although the per-base error of 16S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing has been shown to be as good as or lower than Sanger sequencing, no direct assessments of pyrosequencing errors on diversity estimates have been reported. Using only Escherichia coli MG1655 as a reference template, we find that 16S rDNA diversity is grossly overestimated unless relatively stringent read quality filtering and low clustering thresholds are applied. In particular, the common practice of removing reads with unresolved bases and anomalous read lengths is insufficient to ensure accurate estimates of microbial diversity. Furthermore, common and reproducible homopolymer length errors can result in relatively abundant spurious phylotypes further confounding data interpretation. We suggest that stringent quality-based trimming of 16S pyrotags and clustering thresholds no greater than 97% identity should be used to avoid overestimates of the rare biosphere. C1 [Kunin, Victor; Engelbrektson, Anna; Hugenholtz, Philip] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Ochman, Howard] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Hugenholtz, P (reprint author), DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM phugenholtz@lbl.gov RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Engelbrektson, Anna/K-5563-2012; Engelbrektson, Anna/F-1687-2013 FU NSF [OPP0632359]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX We thank Suzan Yilmaz for extracting E. coli DNA and Alex Copeland for discussions on quality-score based filtering. VK was supported in part by NSF grant OPP0632359. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-06NA25396. NR 13 TC 630 Z9 634 U1 15 U2 139 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 12 IS 1 BP 118 EP 123 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02051.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 551TW UT WOS:000274234200011 PM 19725865 ER PT B AU Dill, BD Young, JC Carey, PA VerBerkmoes, NC AF Dill, Brian D. Young, Jacque C. Carey, Patricia A. VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. BE Liu, WT Jansson, JK TI Metaproteomics: Techniques and Applications SO ENVIRONMENTAL MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SHEWANELLA-ONEIDENSIS MR-1; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-PALUSTRIS; COMPARATIVE METAGENOMICS; ABSOLUTE PROTEIN; YEAST PROTEOME AB Microbial ecology is currently experiencing a renaissance spurred by the rapid development of molecular techniques and 'omics' technologies in particular. As never before, these tools have allowed researchers in the field to produce a massive amount of information through in situ measurements and analysis of natural microbial communities, both vital approaches to the goal of unravelling the interactions of microbes with their environment and with one another. While genomics can provide information regarding the genetic potential of microbes, proteomics characterizes the primary end-stage product, proteins, thus conveying functional information concerning microbial activity. Advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodologies, along with bioinformatics approaches, have brought this analytic chemistry technique to relevance in the biological realm due to its powerful applications in proteomics. Mass spectrometry-enabled proteomics, including 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' approaches, is capable of supplying a wealth of biologically relevant information, from simple protein cataloguing of the proteome of a microbial community to identifying posttranslational modifications of individual proteins. C1 [Young, Jacque C.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Carey, Patricia A.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. [Dill, Brian D.; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dill, BD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM dillbd@ornl.gov; youngjc@ornl.gov; careypa@ornl.gov; verberkmoesn@ornl.gov NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-52-3 PY 2010 BP 37 EP 61 PG 25 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BLV52 UT WOS:000271174600003 ER PT B AU Prosser, J Jansson, JK Liu, WT AF Prosser, James Jansson, Janet K. Liu, Wen-Tso BE Liu, WT Jansson, JK TI Nucleic-acid-based Characterization of Community Structure and Function SO ENVIRONMENTAL MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BALTIC SEA SEDIMENTS; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PRIMER EXTENSION; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; BROMODEOXYURIDINE IMMUNOCAPTURE; GENE-EXPRESSION; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; MOLECULAR DIVERSITY; ACTIVE BACTERIA AB Nucleic acid-based techniques were first used to characterize natural microbial communities in the early 1990s and are now used routinely. The ability to characterize communities without the requirement for cultivation has led to enormous advances in our ability to describe microbial communities and to determine the factors that influence their structure. New generations of molecular techniques provide even greater descriptive power and can be used to assess the physiological potential and ecosystem function of communities. They also enable microbial ecologists to address fundamental questions in population and community ecology, including investigation of the links between diversity and function. This chapter describes methods currently used to analyse nucleic acids extracted from environmental samples, and shows how they can be used to characterize communities. It also looks ahead to exciting new technologies that are likely to increase greatly our ability to explore and understand the complex functions and interactions of microbial communities in natural environments. C1 [Prosser, James] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Environm & Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Wen-Tso] Univ Illinois, Newmark Civil Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Prosser, J (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Environm & Biol Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. EM j.prosser@abdn.ac.uk; janet.jansson@lbl.gov; wtliu@illinois.edu; wtliu@illinois.edu; janet.jansson@lbl.gov RI Liu, Wen-Tso/C-8788-2011 OI Liu, Wen-Tso/0000-0002-8700-9803 NR 59 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-52-3 PY 2010 BP 63 EP 86 PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BLV52 UT WOS:000271174600004 ER PT B AU Andersen, GL He, ZL DeSantis, TZ Brodie, EL Zhou, JZ AF Andersen, Gary L. He, Zhili DeSantis, Todd Z. Brodie, Eoin L. Zhou, Jizhong BE Liu, WT Jansson, JK TI The Use of Microarrays in Microbial Ecology SO ENVIRONMENTAL MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; URANIUM-CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; GROWING NEURAL-NETWORK; PROBE DESIGN CRITERIA; SELF-ORGANIZING MAPS; GENE-EXPRESSION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; DNA MICROARRAYS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT AB Microarrays have proven to be a useful and high-throughput method to provide targeted DNA sequence information for up to many thousands of specific genetic regions in a single test. A microarray consists of multiple DNA oligonucleotide probes that, under high stringency conditions, hybridize only to specific complementary nucleic acid sequences (targets). A fluorescent signal indicates the presence and, in many cases, the abundance of genetic regions of interest. In this chapter we will look at how microarrays are used in microbial ecology, especially with the recent increase in microbial community DNA sequence data. Of particular interest to microbial ecologists, phylogenetic microarrays are used for the analysis of phylotypes in a community and functional gene arrays are used for the analysis of functional genes, and, by inference, phylotypes in environmental samples. A phylogenetic microarray that has been developed by the Andersen laboratory, the PhyloChip, will be discussed as an example of a microarray that targets the known diversity within the 16S rRNA gene to determine microbial community composition. Using multiple, confirmatory probes to increase the confidence of detection and a mismatch probe for every perfect match probe to minimize the effect of cross-hybridization by non-target regions, the PhyloChip is able to simultaneously identify any of thousands of taxa present in an environmental sample. The PhyloChip is shown to reveal greater diversity within a community than rRNA gene sequencing due to the placement of the entire gene product on the microarray compared with the analysis of up to thousands of individual molecules by traditional sequencing methods. A functional gene array that has been developed by the Zhou laboratory, the GeoChip, will be discussed as an example of a microarray that dynamically identifies functional activities of multiple members within a community. The recent version of GeoChip contains more than 24,000 50mer oligonucleotide probes and covers more than 10,000 gene sequences in 150 gene categories involved in carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, and phosphorus cycling, metal resistance and reduction, and organic contaminant degradation. GeoChip can be used as a generic tool for microbial community analysis, and also link microbial community structure to ecosystem functioning. Examples of the application of both arrays in different environmental samples will be described in the two subsequent sections. C1 [Andersen, Gary L.; DeSantis, Todd Z.; Brodie, Eoin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [He, Zhili; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, Inst Environm Genom IEG, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Andersen, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM GLAndersen@lbl.gov; zhili.he@ou.edu; tdesantis@lbl.gov; elbrodie@lbl.gov; jzhou@ou.edu RI He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435 NR 85 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-52-3 PY 2010 BP 87 EP 109 PG 23 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BLV52 UT WOS:000271174600005 ER PT B AU Dicksved, J Zhao, LP Jansson, JK AF Dicksved, Johan Zhao, Liping Jansson, Janet K. BE Liu, WT Jansson, JK TI The Human Environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CULTURE-INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS; ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED MICROBIOTA; HUMAN COLONIC MICROBIOTA AB Applications of recent advances in molecular methods have illuminated the previously hidden diversity of the microbial world that not only inhabits our bodies, but that also lives in a close symbiotic association with us. This human-associated microbiota, or human microbiome, is responsible for many key functions in our bodies. Increasing evidence suggests many important roles of individual members of the human microbiome and their respective influences towards ultimate health and disease of the host. This chapter highlights some of the important functions of the human microbiome, many of which were gleaned using different molecular approaches. The clinical field has thus greatly benefited from the molecular toolbox that was initially developed by microbial ecologists for investigation of other complex ecosystems, such as soil. As the field has progressively moved away from a dependence on cultivation-based approaches towards increasing reliance on molecular approaches, the amount of knowledge about the human microbiome composition and function has greatly expanded. Most recent studies using molecular tools, including various 'omics' approaches, have focused on the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we have also primarily discussed the gut microbiota in this chapter. In addition, the influence of difference host-related factors, such as genetics, age, birth mode, diet and geographical location are discussed with respect to their impact on the composition and related function of the human microbiome. Some beneficial bacteria, such as probiotic strains, are discussed, in addition to those that are particularly detrimental to human health. Some of the latter include correlations of microbial compositions to intestinal diseases and cancer. The more information that we have about the key roles of specific members of the human microbiome, the more potential we have for manipulation of the composition of the microbiota to enhance the prevalence of beneficial species and to diminish the amounts of detrimental ones. This is a guiding vision for future research in this area. C1 [Dicksved, Johan; Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhao, Liping] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, Shanghai 200030, Peoples R China. RP Dicksved, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM johan.dicksved@mikrob.slu.se; lpzhao@sjtu.edu.cn; janet.jansson@lbl.gov; janet.jansson@lbl.gov NR 172 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU CAISTER ACADEMIC PRESS PI WYMONDHAM PA 32 HEWITTS LANE, WYMONDHAM NR 18 0JA, ENGLAND BN 978-1-904455-52-3 PY 2010 BP 167 EP 190 PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BLV52 UT WOS:000271174600009 ER PT S AU Michel, RL Kraemer, T Cecil, LD AF Michel, Robert L. Kraemer, Thomas Cecil, L. DeWayne BE Froehlich, K TI SURFACE WATER, UNSATURATED ZONE, AND GLACIAL SYSTEMS SO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIONUCLIDES: TRACERS AND TIMERS OF TERRESTRIAL PROCESSES SE Radioactivity in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FERTILIZER-DERIVED URANIUM; ENVIRONMENTAL TRITIUM; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; UNITED-STATES; RIVER-BASIN; ICE CORES; STREAMFLOW GENERATION; DEPLETED URANIUM; PERCOLATION FLUX; STABLE ISOTOPES C1 [Michel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kraemer, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cecil, L. DeWayne] US Geol Survey, INL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 434, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 132 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4860 BN 978-0-08-091329-2 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2010 VL 16 BP 139 EP 181 PG 43 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEH06 UT WOS:000316550300006 ER PT S AU Michel, RL Kraemer, T Cecil, LD AF Michel, Robert L. Kraemer, Thomas Cecil, L. DeWayne BE Froehlich, K TI RADIONUCLIDES AND TRANSIENT GAS TRACERS IN STUDIES OF LAKES AND INLAND SEAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL RADIONUCLIDES: TRACERS AND TIMERS OF TERRESTRIAL PROCESSES SE Radioactivity in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEEP-WATER RENEWAL; DEAD-SEA; BLACK-SEA; CASPIAN SEA; NEW-YORK; ISOTOPIC ANALYSES; RADIUM ISOTOPES; RESIDENCE TIMES; SURFACE WATERS; WILKES-LAND C1 [Michel, Robert L.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Kraemer, Thomas] US Geol Survey, Natl Ctr 430, Reston, VA 22092 USA. [Cecil, L. DeWayne] US Geol Survey, INL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Michel, RL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 434, Menlo Pk, CA USA. NR 84 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4860 BN 978-0-08-091329-2 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2010 VL 16 BP 182 EP 204 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEH06 UT WOS:000316550300007 ER PT J AU Fingerman, KR Torn, MS O'Hare, MH Kammen, DM AF Fingerman, Kevin R. Torn, Margaret S. O'Hare, Michael H. Kammen, Daniel M. TI Accounting for the water impacts of ethanol production SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biofuel; water; ethanol; life cycle assessment; LCA; energy policy ID LAND-USE; ENERGY; BIOFUELS; EMISSIONS; BIOENERGY AB Biofuels account for 1-2% of global transportation fuel and their share is projected to continue rising, with potentially serious consequences for water resources. However, current literature does not present sufficient spatial resolution to characterize this localized effect. We used a coupled agro-climatic and life cycle assessment model to estimate the water resource impacts of bioenergy expansion scenarios at a county-level resolution. The study focused on the case of California, with its range of agroecological conditions, water scarcity, and aggressive alternative fuel incentive policies. Life cycle water consumption for ethanol production in California is up to 1000 times that of gasoline due to a cultivation phase that consumes over 99% of life cycle water use for agricultural biofuels. This consumption varies by up to 60% among different feedstocks and by over 350% across regions in California. Rigorous policy analysis requires spatially resolved modeling of water resource impacts and careful consideration of the various metrics that might act to constrain technology and policy options. C1 [Fingerman, Kevin R.; Torn, Margaret S.; Kammen, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [O'Hare, Michael H.; Kammen, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Goldman Sch Publ Policy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fingerman, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kfingerman@berkeley.edu RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 NR 34 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR 014020 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014020 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 575VR UT WOS:000276097900021 ER PT J AU Koomey, J Akbari, H Blumstein, C Brown, M Brown, R Calwell, C Carter, S Cavanagh, R Chang, A Claridge, D Craig, P Diamond, R Eto, JH Fulkerson, W Gadgil, A Geller, H Goldemberg, J Goldman, C Goldstein, DB Greenberg, S Hafemeister, D Harris, J Harvey, H Heitz, E Hirst, E Hummel, H Kammen, D Kelly, H Laitner, S Levine, M Lovins, A Masters, G McMahon, JE Meier, A Messenger, M Millhone, J Mills, E Nadel, S Nordman, B Price, L Romm, J Ross, M Rufo, M Sathaye, J Schipper, L Schneider, SH Sweeney, JL Verdict, M Vorsatz, D Wang, D Weinberg, C Wilk, R Wilson, J Worrell, E AF Koomey, Jonathan Akbari, Hashem Blumstein, Carl Brown, Marilyn Brown, Richard Calwell, Chris Carter, Sheryl Cavanagh, Ralph Chang, Audrey Claridge, David Craig, Paul Diamond, Rick Eto, Joseph H. Fulkerson, William Gadgil, Ashok Geller, Howard Goldemberg, Jose Goldman, Chuck Goldstein, David B. Greenberg, Steve Hafemeister, David Harris, Jeff Harvey, Hal Heitz, Eric Hirst, Eric Hummel, Holmes Kammen, Dan Kelly, Henry Laitner, Skip Levine, Mark Lovins, Amory Masters, Gil McMahon, James E. Meier, Alan Messenger, Michael Millhone, John Mills, Evan Nadel, Steve Nordman, Bruce Price, Lynn Romm, Joe Ross, Marc Rufo, Michael Sathaye, Jayant Schipper, Lee Schneider, Stephen H. Sweeney, James L. Verdict, Malcolm Vorsatz, Diana Wang, Devra Weinberg, Carl Wilk, Richard Wilson, John Worrell, Ernst TI Defining a standard metric for electricity savings SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE electricity savings; energy efficiency; energy policy; climate change solutions; coal-fired power plants; back-of-the-envelope calculations; Arthur H Rosenfeld ID ENERGY; BUILDINGS; EMISSION; CURVES; PLANTS AB The growing investment by governments and electric utilities in energy efficiency programs highlights the need for simple tools to help assess and explain the size of the potential resource. One technique that is commonly used in this effort is to characterize electricity savings in terms of avoided power plants, because it is easier for people to visualize a power plant than it is to understand an abstraction such as billions of kilowatt-hours. Unfortunately, there is no standardization around the characteristics of such power plants. In this letter we define parameters for a standard avoided power plant that have physical meaning and intuitive plausibility, for use in back-of-the-envelope calculations. For the prototypical plant this article settles on a 500 MW existing coal plant operating at a 70% capacity factor with 7% T&D losses. Displacing such a plant for one year would save 3 billion kWh/year at the meter and reduce emissions by 3 million metric tons of CO(2) per year. The proposed name for this metric is the Rosenfeld, in keeping with the tradition among scientists of naming units in honor of the person most responsible for the discovery and widespread adoption of the underlying scientific principle in question-Dr Arthur H Rosenfeld. C1 [Koomey, Jonathan] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Oakland, CA 94620 USA. [Koomey, Jonathan] Stanford Univ, Oakland, CA 94620 USA. RP Koomey, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Oakland, CA 94620 USA. EM JGKoomey@stanford.edu RI Worrell, Ernst/L-5455-2013; OI Worrell, Ernst/0000-0002-0199-9755; Gadgil, Ashok/0000-0002-0357-9455; Urge-Vorsatz, Diana/0000-0003-2570-5341 NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR 014017 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014017 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 575VR UT WOS:000276097900018 ER PT J AU Menon, S Akbari, H Mahanama, S Sednev, I Levinson, R AF Menon, Surabi Akbari, Hashem Mahanama, Sarith Sednev, Igor Levinson, Ronnen TI Radiative forcing and temperature response to changes in urban albedos and associated CO2 offsets SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE radiative forcing; urban albedo; CO2 offsets ID LAND-SURFACE; HEAT-ISLAND AB The two main forcings that can counteract to some extent the positive forcings from greenhouse gases from pre-industrial times to present day are the aerosol and related aerosol-cloud forcings, and the radiative response to changes in surface albedo. Here, we quantify the change in radiative forcing and land surface temperature that may be obtained by increasing the albedos of roofs and pavements in urban areas in temperate and tropical regions of the globe by 0.1. Using the catchment land surface model (the land model coupled to the GEOS-5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model), we quantify the change in the total outgoing ( outgoing shortwave + longwave) radiation and land surface temperature to a 0.1 increase in urban albedos for all global land areas. The global average increase in the total outgoing radiation was 0.5 W m(-2), and temperature decreased by similar to 0.008 K for an average 0.003 increase in surface albedo. These averages represent all global land areas where data were available from the land surface model used and are for the boreal summer (June-July-August). For the continental US the total outgoing radiation increased by 2.3 W m(-2), and land surface temperature decreased by similar to 0.03 K for an average 0.01 increase in surface albedo. Based on these forcings, the expected emitted CO2 offset for a plausible 0.25 and 0.15 increase in albedos of roofs and pavements, respectively, for all global urban areas, was found to be similar to 57 Gt CO2. A more meaningful evaluation of the impacts of urban albedo increases on global climate and the expected CO2 offsets would require simulations which better characterize urban surfaces and represent the full annual cycle. C1 [Menon, Surabi; Akbari, Hashem; Sednev, Igor; Levinson, Ronnen] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mahanama, Sarith] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Menon, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU California Energy Commission (CEC); Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA GSFC FX This work was supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) through its Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER), and by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors wish to acknowledge the support and guidance from staff of the California Energy Commission Project manager, Guido Franco; and PIER Energy-Related Environmental Research manager, Linda Spiegel. Commissioner Arthur Rosenfeld of the California Energy Commission helped with problem formulation and analysis. We especially acknowledge support from Randy Koster of NASA GSFC, for advice and help with the simulations performed in this work. NR 16 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 24 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 5 IS 1 AR 014005 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/014005 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 575VR UT WOS:000276097900006 ER PT J AU Williams, KH Nevin, KP Franks, A Englert, A Long, PE Lovley, DR AF Williams, Kenneth H. Nevin, Kelly P. Franks, Ashley Englert, Andreas Long, Philip E. Lovley, Derek R. TI Electrode-Based Approach for Monitoring In Situ Microbial Activity During Subsurface Bioremediation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SULFURREDUCENS FUEL-CELLS; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER; HARVESTING ELECTRODES; SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; ANODE BIOFILM; COMMUNITIES; SEDIMENTS; URANIUM AB Current production by microorganisms colonizing subsurface electrodes and its relationship to substrate availability and microbial activity was evaluated in an aquifer undergoing bioremediation. Borehole graphite anodes were installed downgradient from a region of acetate injection designed to stimulate bioreduction of U(VI); cathodes consisted of graphite electrodes embedded at the ground surface. Significant increases in current density (<= 50 mA/m(2)) tracked delivery of acetate to the electrodes, dropping rapidly when acetate inputs were discontinued. An upgradient control electrode not exposed to acetate produced low, steady currents (<= 0.2 mA/m(2)). Elevated current was strongly correlated with uranium removal but minimal correlation existed with elevated Fe(II). Confocal laser scanning microscopy of electrodes revealed firmly attached biofilms, and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated the electrode surfaces were dominated (67-80%) by Geobacter species. This is the first demonstration that electrodes can produce readily detectable currents despite long-range (6 m) separation of anode and cathode, and these results suggest that oxidation of acetate coupled to electron transfer to electrodes by Geobacter species was the primary source of current Thus it is expected that current production may serve as an effective proxy for monitoring in situ microbial activity in a variety of subsurface anoxic environments. C1 [Williams, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nevin, Kelly P.; Franks, Ashley; Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Englert, Andreas] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Dept Hydrogeol, Bochum, Germany. [Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williams, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khwilliams@lbl.gov RI Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-0966]; [DE-FC02ER63446] FX Funding was provided by the Environmental Remediation Science Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231), Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02ER63446, and the Office of Naval Research N00014-07-1-0966. We thank Mike Wilkins, Hila Elifantz, and Lucie N'Guessan for their assistance with field experiments and Sarah Morris for quantifying groundwater uranium concentrations. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1021/es9017464 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000013 PM 19921843 ER PT J AU Rosso, KM Yanina, SV Gorski, CA Larese-Casanova, P Scherer, MM AF Rosso, Kevin M. Yanina, Svetlana V. Gorski, Christopher A. Larese-Casanova, Philip Scherer, Michelle M. TI Connecting Observations of Hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) Growth Catalyzed by Fe(II) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE PARAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS; INTERFACIAL ELECTRON-TRANSFER; IRON-OXIDE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; IRON(III) OXIDES; AQUEOUS FE(II); FERROUS IRON; DISSOLUTION; TRANSITION; REDUCTION AB Electron exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and structural Fe(Ill) in iron oxides and oxyhydroxides is important for understanding degradation of environmental pollutants through its apparent constitutive role underlying highly reactive "sorbed Fe(II)" and by catalyzing phase interconversion among these minerals. Although a mechanistic understanding of relationships between interfacial Fe(II)(ads)-Fe(III)(oxide) electron transfer, bulk electron conduction, Fe(II) release, and phase transformation behavior is emerging, much remains unclear, in part due to poorly interconnected investigations. The focus of this study is on reconciling two mutually similar observations of Fe(II)-catalyzed hematite growth documented spectroscopically and microscopically under substantially different chemical conditions. Here, we employ iron isotopic labeling to demonstrate that hematite grown on the (001) surface in Fe(II)-oxalate solution at pH 2.10 and 348 K has magnetic properties that closely correspond to those of hematite grown in Fe(II) solution at pH 7.4 and room temperature. The temperature evolution and extent of the Morin transition displayed in these two materials strongly suggest a mechanistic link involving trace structural Fe(II) incorporation into the growing hematite. Our findings indicate that Fe(II) catalyzed growth of hematite on hematite can occur under environmentally relevant conditions and may be due to bulk electron conduction previously demonstrated for hematite single crystals. C1 [Rosso, Kevin M.; Yanina, Svetlana V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gorski, Christopher A.; Scherer, Michelle M.] Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Larese-Casanova, Philip] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Rosso, KM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM kevin.rosso@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); National Science Foundation [EAR-0506679] FX This work was made possible by a grant to K.M.R. from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences Program, and a Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Team (NIRT) grant from National Science Foundation NIRT (MMS, Grant EAR-0506679). This research was performed in part using the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory and the microprobe facility at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We gratefully acknowledge Paul Gassman for assistance with hematite powder synthesis. The EMS], is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the U.S. Department of Energy. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-7611LO 1830. NR 49 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 6 U2 93 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1021/es901882a PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000015 PM 20039734 ER PT J AU Burns, JL Ginn, BR Bates, DJ Dublin, SN Taylor, JV Apkarian, RP Amaro-Garcia, S Neal, AL Dichristina, TJ AF Burns, Justin L. Ginn, Brian R. Bates, David J. Dublin, Steven N. Taylor, Jeanette V. Apkarian, Robert P. Amaro-Garcia, Samary Neal, Andrew L. Dichristina, Thomas J. TI Outer Membrane-Associated Serine Protease Involved in Adhesion of Shewanella oneidensis to Fe(III) Oxides SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; DISSIMILATORY FE(III); MN(IV) REDUCTION; PUTREFACIENS REQUIRES; CYTOCHROMES MTRC; MR-1; IRON; OMCA; DATABASE AB The facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 respires a variety of anaerobic electron acceptors, including insoluble Fe(III)oxides. S. oneidensis employs a number of novel strategies for respiration of insoluble Fe(III) oxides, including localization of respiratory proteins to the cell outer membrane (OM). The molecular mechanism by which S. oneidensis adheres to and respires Fe(III) oxides, however, remains poorly understood. In the present study, whole cell fractionation and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS techniques were combined to identify a serine protease (SO3800) associated with the S. oneidensis OM. SO3800 contained predicted structural motifs similar to cell surface-associated serine proteases that function as bacterial adhesins in other gram-negative bacteria. The gene encoding SO3800 was deleted from the S. oneidensis genome, and the resulting mutant strain (Delta SO3800) was tested for its ability to adhere to and respire Fe(III) oxides. Delta SO3800 was severely impaired in its ability to adhere to Fe(III) oxides, yet retained wildtype Fe(III) respiratory capability. Laser Doppler velocimetry and cryoetch high-resolution SEM experiments indicated that Delta SO3800 displayed a lower cell surface charge and higher amount of surface-associated exopolysaccharides. Results of this study indicate that S. oneidensis may respire insoluble Fe(III) oxides at a distance, negating the requirement for attachment prior to electron transfer. C1 [Burns, Justin L.; Ginn, Brian R.; Bates, David J.; Dichristina, Thomas J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Dublin, Steven N.; Taylor, Jeanette V.; Apkarian, Robert P.] Emory Univ, Robert P Apkarian Integrated Electron Microscopy, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Amaro-Garcia, Samary] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Dichristina, TJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM thomas.dichristina@biology.gatech.edu RI Neal, Andrew/C-7596-2011 FU Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy and The National Science Foundation. NR 47 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1021/es9018699 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000016 PM 20039735 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Morin, G Ona-Nguema, G Juillot, F Guyot, F Calas, G Brown, GE AF Wang, Yuheng Morin, Guillaume Ona-Nguema, Georges Juillot, Farid Guyot, Francois Calas, Georges Brown, Gordon E., Jr. TI Evidence for Different Surface Speciation of Arsenite and Arsenate on Green Rust: An EXAFS and XANES Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINERALIZATION PATHWAYS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; GAMMA-FEOOH; IRON; LEPIDOCROCITE; SORPTION; FERRIHYDRITE; ADSORPTION; BIOREDUCTION; AS(III) AB The knowledge of arsenic speciation at the surface of green rusts (GRs), (Fe((1-x))(II)Fe(x)(III)(OH)(2)](x+) (CO(3), Cl, SO(4))(x-), is environmentally relevant because arsenic sorption onto US could contribute to arsenic retention in anoxic environments (hydromorphic soils, marine sediments, etc.). The nature of arsenic adsorption complexes on hydroxychloride green rust I (GR1CI) at near-neutral pH under anoxic conditions was investigated using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the As K-edge. Sorption data indicate that As(V) sorbs more efficiently than As(Ill) at the studied As loadings (0.27 mu mol m(-2) and 2.7 mu mol m(-2)). EXAFS results indicate that arsenite [As(1101 and arsenate [As(V)] form inner-sphere complexes on the surface of GR1Cl at arsenic surface coverages of 0.27 and 2.70 mu mol m(-2), with distinct types of As(Ill) and As(V) sorption complexes, which change in relative concentration as a function of arsenic loading. For As(V), the EXAFS-derived As-Fe distances (3.34 +/- 0.02 and 3.49 +/- 0.02 angstrom) suggest the presence of binuclear bidentate double-corner complexes ((2)C) and monodentate mononuclear corner-sharing complexes ((1)V). For As(III), EXAFS-derived As-As distance (3.32 +/- 0.02 A) and As-Fe distances (3.49 +/- 0.02 and 4.72 +/- 0.02 A) are consistent with the presence of dimers of As(Ill) pyramids binding to the edges of the GR1Cl layers by corner sharing with FeO(6) octahedra. However, 2 C and (1)V As(Ill) complexes cannot be excluded. These results improve our knowledge of the mode of As(V) and As(III) inner-sphere adsorption on green rusts, which will help to constrain sorption modeling of arsenic in soils, sediments, and aquifers. C1 [Wang, Yuheng; Morin, Guillaume; Ona-Nguema, Georges; Juillot, Farid; Guyot, Francois; Calas, Georges] Univ Paris 07 UPD, Univ Paris 06 UPMC, CNRS, IMPMC,IPGP,UMR 7590, F-75015 Paris, France. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Natl Accelerator Lab, SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Univ Paris 07 UPD, Univ Paris 06 UPMC, CNRS, IMPMC,IPGP,UMR 7590, 140 Rue Lourmel, F-75015 Paris, France. EM yuheng.wang@impmc.jussieu.fr RI Calas, Georges/B-2445-2012; Wang, Yuheng/K-3988-2012; GUYOT, Francois/C-3824-2016; JUILLOT, Farid/G-7943-2016; IMPMC, Geobio/F-8819-2016 OI Calas, Georges/0000-0003-0525-5734; Wang, Yuheng/0000-0002-1786-5970; GUYOT, Francois/0000-0003-4622-2218; FU ECCO/ECODYN CNRS/INSU Program; ACI/FNS [3033]; SESAME IdF [1775]; NSF-EMSI [CHE-0431425] FX The authors are indebted to the SSRL staff, especially John R. Bargar, Joe Rogers, and Samuel Webb as well as the SSRL Biotechnology Group, for their technical assistance during the XAS experiments. The four anonymous referees are acknowledged for their constructive comments that improved the quality of the manuscript, This work was supported by the ECCO/ECODYN CNRS/INSU Program, ACI/FNS Grant 3033, SESAME IdF Grant 1775, and NSF-EMSI Grant CHE-0431425 (Stanford Environmental Molecular Science Institute). This is IPGP contribution #2561. NR 37 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 6 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1021/es901627e PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000022 PM 20039740 ER PT J AU Ilton, ES Boily, JF Buck, EC Skomurski, FN Rosso, KM Cahill, CL Bargar, JR Felmy, AR AF Ilton, Eugene S. Boily, Jean-Francois Buck, Edgar C. Skomurski, Frances N. Rosso, Kevin M. Cahill, Christopher L. Bargar, John R. Felmy, Andrew R. TI Influence of Dynamical Conditions on the Reduction of U-VI at the Magnetite-Solution Interface SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PENTAVALENT URANIUM; SURFACE; URANYL; SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDES; UO2; PARAMETERS; COMPLEXES; HEMATITE; U(VI) AB The heterogeneous reduction of U-VI to U-IV by ferrous iron is believed to be a key process influencing the fate and transport of U in the environment The reactivity of both sorbed and structural Fe-II has been studied for numerous substrates, including magnetite. Published results from U-VI-magnetite experiments have been variable, ranging from no reduction to clear evidence for the formation of U-IV. In this contribution, we used XAS and high resolution (+/- cryogenic) XPS to study the interaction of U-VI with nanoparticulate magnetite. The results indicated that U-VI was partially reduced to U-V with no evidence of U-IV. However, thermodynamic calculations indicated that U phases with average oxidation states below (V) should have been stable, indicating that the system was not in redox equilibrium. A reaction pathway that involves incorporation and stabilization of U-V and U-VI into secondary phases is invoked to explain the observations. The results suggest an important and previously unappreciated role of U-V in the fate and transport of uranium in the environment C1 [Ilton, Eugene S.; Buck, Edgar C.; Skomurski, Frances N.; Rosso, Kevin M.; Felmy, Andrew R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Boily, Jean-Francois] Umea Univ, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden. [Cahill, Christopher L.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Bargar, John R.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ilton, ES (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Eugene.Ilton@PNL.gov RI Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013 OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084 FU DoE-OBES Geo-sciences and Chemical Sciences; DOE OBER-ERSP through the PNNL Science Focus Area FX Funding for this project was provided by DoE-OBES Geo-sciences and Chemical Sciences, and DOE OBER-ERSP through the PNNL Science Focus Area. Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at PNNL, national user facfiities respectively operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. DOE, OBES and by Battelle on behalf of the U.S. DOE, OBER. NR 33 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 9 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1021/es9014597 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000031 PM 20039748 ER PT J AU Kelly, SD Wu, WM Yang, F Criddle, CS Marsh, TL O'Loughlin, EJ Ravel, B Watson, D Jardine, PM Kemner, KM AF Kelly, Shelly D. Wu, Wei-Min Yang, Fan Criddle, Craig S. Marsh, Terence L. O'Loughlin, Edward J. Ravel, Bruce Watson, David Jardine, Philip M. Kemner, Kenneth M. TI Uranium Transformations in Static Microcosms SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; SULFATE-REDUCING CONDITIONS; IN-SITU BIOSTIMULATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; REDUCTION; BIOREDUCTION; REOXIDATION; BIOREMEDIATION; AQUIFER; U(VI) AB Elucidation of complex biogeochemical processes and their effects on speciation of U in the subsurface is critical for developing remediation strategies with an understanding of stability. We have developed static microcosms that are similar to bioreduction process studies in situ under laminar flow conditions or in sediment pores. Uranium L(3)-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy analysis with depth in the microcosms indicated that transformation of U(VI) to U(IV) occurred by at least two distinct processes. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis indicated that initial U(VI) species associated with C- and P-containing ligands were transformed to U(IV) in the form of uraninite and U associated with Fe-bound ligands. Microbial community analysis identified putative Fe(III) and sulfate reducers at two different depths in the microcosms. The slow reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) may contribute the stability of U(IV) within microcosms at 11 months after a decrease in bioreducing conditions due to limited electron donors. C1 [Kelly, Shelly D.; O'Loughlin, Edward J.; Ravel, Bruce; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wu, Wei-Min; Criddle, Craig S.] Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yang, Fan; Marsh, Terence L.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Watson, David; Jardine, Philip M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kelly, SD (reprint author), EXAFS Anal, Bolingbrook, IL 60440 USA. EM skelly@anl.gov RI O'Loughlin, Edward/C-9565-2013; ID, MRCAT/G-7586-2011; Watson, David/C-3256-2016 OI O'Loughlin, Edward/0000-0003-1607-9529; Watson, David/0000-0002-4972-4136 FU DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; MRCAT FX This work was supported under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program. MRCAT operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT member institutions. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We thank Tonia Mehlhorn and Kenneth Lowe for analysis of groundwater samples. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1021/es902191s PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000041 PM 19958005 ER PT J AU Chung, E Kweon, H Yiacoumi, S Lee, I Joy, DC Palumbo, AV Tsouris, C AF Chung, Eunhyea Kweon, Hyojin Yiacoumi, Sotira Lee, Ida Joy, David C. Palumbo, Anthony V. Tsouris, Costas TI Adhesion of Spores of Bacillus thuringiensis on a Planar Surface SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BACTERIAL ADHESION; CAPILLARY FORCE; CELLS; QUANTIFICATION; HYDROPHOBICITY; MORPHOGENESIS; POLYSTYRENE; BIOMATERIAL; POLYAMIDES AB Adhesion of spores of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and spherical silica particles on surfaces was experimentally and theoretically investigated in this study. Topography analysis via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electron microscopy indicates that Bt spores are rod shaped, similar to 1.3 mu m in length and similar to 0.8 mu m in diameter. The adhesion force of Bt spores and silica particles on gold-coated glass was measured at various relative humidity (RH) levels by AFM. It was expected that the adhesion force would vary with RH because the individual force components contributing to the adhesion force depend on RH. The adhesion force between a particle and a planar surface in atmospheric environments was modeled as the contribution of three major force components: capillary, van der Waals, and electrostatic interaction forces. Adhesion force measurements for Bt spore (silica particle) and the gold surface system were comparable with calculations. Modeling results show that there is a critical RH value, which depends on the hydrophobicity of the materials involved, below which the water meniscus does not form and the contribution of the capillary force is zero. As RH increases, the van der Waals force decreases while the capillary force increases to a maximum value. C1 [Chung, Eunhyea; Kweon, Hyojin; Yiacoumi, Sotira; Tsouris, Costas] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lee, Ida; Joy, David C.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Joy, David C.; Palumbo, Anthony V.; Tsouris, Costas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM costas.tsouris@ce.gatech.edu RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-07-1-0035]; UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Support for this work was provided by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, under Grant HDTRA1-07-1-0035 to Georgia Institute of Technology. SEM and STEM experiments were performed at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We are thankful to Mr. Daniel Velez for editing the manuscript. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 290 EP 296 DI 10.1021/es902070b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000049 PM 19928904 ER PT J AU Peltier, E van der Lelie, D Sparks, DL AF Peltier, Edward van der Lelie, Daniel Sparks, Donald L. TI Formation and Stability of Ni-Al Hydroxide Phases in Soils SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION KINETICS; NICKEL; SPECIATION; CLAY; ZN; PYROPHYLLITE; OXIDE; BIOAVAILABILITY; PRECIPITATION; MINERALS AB The formation of mixed metal-aluminum hydroxide surface precipitates is a potentially significant uptake route for trace metals (including Co, Ni, and Zn) in environmental systems. This paper investigates the effect of mixed Ni-Al hydroxide precipitate formation and aging on Ni solubility and bioavailability in laboratory contaminated soils. Two Delaware agricultural soils were reacted with a 3 mM Ni solution for 12 months at pH's above and below the threshold for mixed Ni-Al hydroxide formation. Ni speciation was determined at 1, 6, and 12 months using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Precipitate solubility was examined through desorption experiments using HNO(3) and EDTA as desorbing agents, whereas metal bioavailability was assessed using a Ni-specific bacterial biosensor. For both soils, the formation of Ni-Al hydroxide surface precipitates resulted in a reduction in the fraction of desorbed and bioavailable Ni. However, precipitate dissolution was greater, particularly with EDTA, than in published studies on isolated soil clay fractions, and less affected by aging processes. These results suggest that mixed Ni-Al hydroxide phases forming in real world environments may be both longer-lasting and more susceptible to ligand-promoted dissolution than previously expected. C1 [Peltier, Edward] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Environm Soil Chem Res Grp, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Peltier, Edward] Univ Delaware, Delaware Environm Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Peltier, Edward; van der Lelie, Daniel; Sparks, Donald L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Peltier, E (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, 1530 W 15th St, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM epeltier@ku.edu FU E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; The Dow Chemical Company; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-9304725]; State of Illinois through the Department of Commerce and the Board of Higher Education [IBHE HECA NWU 96]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886, W-31-102-Eng-38] FX We thank David McNear for supplying EXAFS spectra for selected references and both David McNear and Ryan Tappero for assistance in EXAFS data collection. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Center for the Study of Metals in the Environment at the University of Delaware and by the Unidel Foundation. XAS work was performed at Beamline XI 1A of the National Synchrotron Light Source and at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (DND-CAT). DND-CAT is supported by the E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company, the U.S. National Science Foundation through Grant DMR-9304725 and the State of Illinois through the Department of Commerce and the Board of Higher Education Grant IBHE HECA NWU 96. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source and Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract Nos. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and W-31-102-Eng-38, respectively. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1021/es902332b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000051 PM 19928986 ER PT J AU Luecken, DJ Waterland, RL Papasavva, S Taddonio, KN Hutzell, WT Rugh, JP Andersen, SO AF Luecken, Deborah J. Waterland, Robert L. Papasavva, Stella Taddonio, Kristen N. Hutzell, William T. Rugh, John P. Andersen, Stephen O. TI Ozone and TFA Impacts in North America from Degradation of 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), A Potential Greenhouse Gas Replacement SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIFLUOROACETIC-ACID; HALOACETIC ACIDS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; OH RADICALS; WATERS; PRECIPITATION; ENVIRONMENT; CF3CF=CH2; RAIN AB We use a regional-scale, three-dimensional atmospheric model to evaluate U.S. air quality effects that would result from replacing HFC-134a in automobile air conditioners in the U.S. with HFO-1234yf. Although HFO-1234yf produces tropospheric ozone, the incremental amount is small, averaging less than 0.01% of total ozone formed during the simulation. We show that this production of ozone could be compensated for by a modest improvement in air conditioner efficiency. Atmospheric decomposition of HFO-1234yf produces trifluoroacetic acid MAL which is subject to wet and dry deposition. Deposition and concentrations of TFA are spatially variable due to HFO-1234yf's short atmospheric lifetime, with more localized peaks and less global transport when compared to HFC-134a. Over the 2.5 month simulation, deposition of TFA in the continental U.S. from mobile air conditioners averages 0.24 kg km(-2), substantially higher than previous estimates from all sources of current hydrofluorocarbons. Automobile air conditioning HFO-1234yf emissions are predicted to produce concentrations of TFA in Eastern U.S. rainfall at least double the values currently observed from all sources, natural and man-made. Our model predicts peak concentrations in rainfall of 1264 ng L(-1), a level that is 80x lower than the lowest level considered safe for the most sensitive aquatic organisms. C1 [Luecken, Deborah J.; Hutzell, William T.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Waterland, Robert L.] EI du Pont de Nemours & Co Inc, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Papasavva, Stella] Stella Papasavva Consulting, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. [Taddonio, Kristen N.; Andersen, Stephen O.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Rugh, John P.] US DOE, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Luecken, DJ (reprint author), US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM luecken.deborah@epa.gov NR 41 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 343 EP 348 DI 10.1021/es902481f PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000057 PM 19994849 ER PT J AU Lee, JJ Schultz, IR AF Lee, Jonathan J. Schultz, Irvin R. TI Sex Differences in the Uptake and Disposition of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Fathead Minnows after Oral Dosing SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-CHAIN LENGTH; ORGANIC ANION; PERFLUOROALKYL ACIDS; FOOD-WEB; TRANSPORT; RATS; PERFLUOROCARBOXYLATES; 17-BETA-TRENBOLONE; TOXICOKINETICS; ELIMINATION AB Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) among other perfluorinated acids is becoming recognized as a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. PFOA is resistant to environmental degradation and appears to undergo no biotransformation in animals. Previous toxicokinetic studies in rodents have indicated that urinary excretion is the most important elimination pathway once PFOA has been absorbed. In some species such as rats, large sex-related differences in urinary excretion have been reported, with females having a much shorter blood or plasma elimination half-life than that of males. It is unknown whether this phenomenon occurs in fish. Therefore, this study determined the disposition of PFOA in male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) after a single oral dose of PFOA. After dosing, minnows were subsequently euthanized at various times until 336 h postdosing and the PFOA concentration was measured in plasma, gonads, and fish carcass. The concentration-time profiles of PFOA were then analyzed using toxicokinetic methods. The results indicated a clear sex difference in the elimination of PFOA. The plasma elimination half-life of PFOA in female minnows was 6.3 h while in male minnows it was 68.5 h. Pretreatment of female minnows with the synthetic androgen trenbolone substantially delayed the elimination of PFOA, causing the elimination half-life to increase to 25.3 h. In males, pretreatment with the synthetic estrogen ethynylestradiol (EE2) had little effect on PFOA toxicokinetics. These results indicate that the sex differences in PFOA elimination in fathead minnows can at least partially be modulated by exposure to synthetic sex steroids. Whether sex differences in PFOA elimination in minnows is attributable to differences in renal transport activity, as it appears to be for rodents, is unknown at present but clearly warrants further study. C1 [Lee, Jonathan J.; Schultz, Irvin R.] Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM ir_chultz@pnl.gov FU Battelle independent research and development award; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was supported by a Battelle independent research and development award to I. Schultz. Financial support for J. Lee was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy's student undergraduate laboratory intern (SULI) program. NR 27 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 1 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1021/es901838y PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539PB UT WOS:000273267000080 PM 19961202 ER PT J AU Yang, F Pecina, DA Kelly, SD Kim, SH Kemner, KM Long, DT Marsh, TL AF Yang, Fan Pecina, David A. Kelly, Shelly D. Kim, Sang-Hoon Kemner, Kenneth M. Long, David T. Marsh, Terence L. TI Biosequestration via cooperative binding of copper by Ralstonia pickettii SO ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE copper resistance; extremophile; biosorption; bioaccumulation; genomics ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS CH34; HEAVY-METALS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CUPRIAVIDUS-METALLIDURANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TOXIC METALS; BIOSORPTION; RESISTANCE; REMOVAL; EQUILIBRIUM AB Ralstonia pickettii isolated from copper-contaminated lake sediment are adapted to high levels of copper after 100 years of selective pressure. Two R. pickettii strains (12D and 12J) were selected for the studies reported herein due to their distinct differences in genomic structure, different metal resistance patterns and carriage of a filamentous phage. Copper sequestration studies revealed that these strains could bind up to 27.44 (12D) and 38.19 (12J) mg copper per g dry weight of cells and that viable cells sequestered more copper than heat-killed cells. Viable cells and heat-killed cells had significantly different saturation binding curves, indicating that one or more unique copper sequestration mechanism(s) was involved in binding by viable cells. Electron microscopy showed alteration of cell outer envelope after cells were grown in the presence of copper, suggesting that the accumulation of copper was membrane associated. X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure revealed that the copper sequestered was present as Cu(II) and bound to oxygen and/or nitrogen. Recent completion of the genome sequence revealed that an approximately 220 kb region was enriched with metal resistance and transporter genes found in multiple copies. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that several genes may have been derived from horizontal transfer. Hence, rapid adaptation of R. pickettii to high concentrations of metal appears due to robust gene duplication and importation of several types of resistance determinants. C1 [Pecina, David A.; Marsh, Terence L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Yang, Fan] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Kelly, Shelly D.; Kemner, Kenneth M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kim, Sang-Hoon; Marsh, Terence L.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Long, David T.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Marsh, TL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM marsht@msu.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER63141]; Centre for Microbial Ecology; Centre for Advanced Microscopy at MSU; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work was supported by the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Grant DE-FG02-01ER63141 (TLM). We acknowledge the support of Centre for Microbial Ecology and Centre for Advanced Microscopy at MSU. The assistance and advice from Natasha Isaacs-Cosgrove, Alicia Pastor and Carol Flegler are much appreciated. MRCAT operations are supported by DOE and the MRCAT member institutions. The Advanced Photon Source is supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The work conducted by the U. S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Finally we acknowledge our five reviewers who have greatly improved our paper. In particular, our thanks to the reviewer who pointed out the synteny between 12J and pMOL30. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-3330 J9 ENVIRON TECHNOL JI Environ. Technol. PY 2010 VL 31 IS 8-9 BP 1045 EP 1060 AR PII 923049169 DI 10.1080/09593330.2010.487290 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 611AC UT WOS:000278781700019 PM 20662391 ER PT J AU Seifert, U Speck, T AF Seifert, U. Speck, T. TI Fluctuation-dissipation theorem in nonequilibrium steady states SO EPL LA English DT Article ID SMALL SYSTEMS; LINEAR-RESPONSE; 2ND LAW; THERMODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; VIOLATIONS; EQUALITY; PHYSICS AB In equilibrium, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) expresses the response of an observable to a small perturbation by a correlation function of this variable with another one that is conjugate to the perturbation with respect to energy. For a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS), the corresponding FDT is shown to involve in the correlation function a variable that is conjugate with respect to entropy. By splitting up entropy production into one of the system and one of the medium, it is shown that for systems with a genuine equilibrium state the FDT of the NESS differs from its equilibrium form by an additive term involving total entropy production. A related variant of the FDT not requiring explicit knowledge of the stationary state is particularly useful for coupled Langevin systems. The a priori surprising freedom apparently involved in different forms of the FDT in a NESS is clarified. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Seifert, U.] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. [Speck, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Speck, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seifert, U (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. RI Speck, Thomas/F-2624-2012; Physics, Komet/C-9533-2016 OI Speck, Thomas/0000-0002-6357-1180; FU DFG [SE1119/3-1]; ESF network EPSD; Alexander von Humboldt foundation; Helios Solar Energy Research Center; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX US acknowledges funding through DFG project SE1119/3-1 and ESF network EPSD. TS acknowledges funding through Alexander von Humboldt foundation and the Helios Solar Energy Research Center which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We are grateful to J. MEHL for providing us with fig. 1a). NR 35 TC 90 Z9 90 U1 5 U2 28 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2010 VL 89 IS 1 AR 10007 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/89/10007 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 546ZT UT WOS:000273855100008 ER PT J AU Volja, D Yin, WG Ku, W AF Volja, Dmitri Yin, Wei-Guo Ku, Wei TI Charge ordering in half-doped manganites: Weak charge disproportion and leading mechanisms SO EPL LA English DT Article ID PHASE-SEPARATION; OXIDES; POLARON; PHYSICS; LAMNO3; STATE; MN AB The apparent contradiction between the recently observed weak charge disproportion and the traditional Mn3+/Mn4+ picture of the charge-orbital orders in half-doped manganites is resolved by a novel Wannier states analysis of the LDA + U electronic structure. Strong electron itinerancy in this charge-transfer system significantly delocalizes the occupied low-energy "Mn3+" Wannier states such that charge leaks into the "Mn4+"-sites. Furthermore, the leading mechanisms of the charge order are quantified via our first-principles derivation of the low-energy effective Hamiltonian. The electron-electron interaction is found to play a role as important as the electron-lattice interaction. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Volja, Dmitri; Yin, Wei-Guo; Ku, Wei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Volja, Dmitri; Ku, Wei] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Volja, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wyin@bnl.gov; weiku@bnl.gov RI Yin, Weiguo/A-9671-2014 OI Yin, Weiguo/0000-0002-4965-5329 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We thank E. DAGOTTO for stimulating discussions and V. FERRARI and P. B. LITTLEWOOD for clarifying their Hartree-Fock results [ 15]. The work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and DOE-CMSN. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2010 VL 89 IS 2 AR 27008 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/89/27008 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 559SR UT WOS:000274848500031 ER PT J AU Wilding, MC Benmore, CJ Weber, JKR AF Wilding, M. C. Benmore, C. J. Weber, J. K. R. TI Changes in the local environment surrounding magnesium ions in fragile MgO-SiO2 liquids SO EPL LA English DT Article ID COORDINATION CHANGES; SILICATE-GLASSES; CORE FORMATION; MG2SIO4; MELTS; EARTH; RELAXATION; VISCOSITY; DIOPSIDE; ENTROPY AB X-ray diffraction data have been collected in situ for a series of magnesium silicate liquids between and including the two mineral compositions enstatite and forsterite (MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4). The pair distribution functions obtained from these data show that the local oxygen environment around the magnesium ions contrasts with that found in the equivalent glasses. We identify a transition window between 42 and 38 mole % SiO2 where the average magnesium coordination number changes on cooling from a Mg-O coordination number of similar to 5.1 +/- 0.2 in the liquid state to a value of 4.5 +/- 0.1 in the glass. This change in structure reflects a competition between a sparsely polymerised silicate network and a disordered magnesium framework in the liquid, while the silicate network dominates in the glass. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Wilding, M. C.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Ceredigion, Wales. [Benmore, C. J.; Weber, J. K. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Weber, J. K. R.] Mat Dev Inc, Arlington Hts, IL 60004 USA. RP Wilding, MC (reprint author), Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Math & Phys Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, Ceredigion, Wales. EM mbw@aber.ac.uk OI Benmore, Chris/0000-0001-7007-7749 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; EPSRC [EP/E026818/1]; Aberystwyth University FX The experiments at Argonne National Laboratory were supported by the U.S. DOE under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. Travel to Argonne National Laboratory has been both an EPSRC overseas travel grant (EP/E026818/1) and by the Aberystwyth University Senate research Fund. Electron microprobe analyses of the samples following the levitation experiments we performed by Dr S. L. Kearns, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol and we gratefully acknowledge his help in these compositional analyses. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD JAN PY 2010 VL 89 IS 2 AR 26005 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/89/26005 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 559SR UT WOS:000274848500019 ER PT B AU Torcellini, P Pless, S Lobato, C Hootman, T AF Torcellini, Paul Pless, Shanti Lobato, Chad Hootman, Tom GP ASME TI MAIN STREET NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS: THE ZERO ENERGY METHOD IN CONCEPT AND PRACTICE SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Until recently, large-scale, cost-effective net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) were thought to lie decades in the future. However, ongoing work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) indicates that NZEB status is both achievable and repeatable today. This paper presents a definition framework for classifying NZEBs and a real-life example that demonstrates how a large-scale office building can cost-effectively achieve net-zero energy. The vision of NZEBs is compelling. In theory, these highly energy-efficient buildings will produce, during a typical year, enough renewable energy to offset the energy they consume from the grid The NREL NZEB definition framework classifies NZEBs according to the criteria being used to judge net-zero status and the way renewable energy is supplied to achieve that status. We use the new U.S. Department of Energy/NREL 220,000-ft(2) Research Support Facilities (RSF) building to illustrate why a clear picture of NZEB definitions is important and how the framework provides a methodology for creating a cost-effective NZEB The RSF, scheduled to open in June 2010, includes contractual commitments to deliver a Leadership in Energy Efficiency and Design (LEED) Platinum Rating, an energy use intensity of 25 kBtu/ft(2) (half that of a typical LEED Platinum office building), and net-zero energy status. We will discuss the analysis method and cost tradeoffs that were performed throughout the design and build phases to meet these commitments and maintain construction costs at $259/ft(2). We will discuss ways to achieve large-scale, replicable NZEB performance. Many passive and renewable energy strategies are utilized, including full daylighting, high-performance lighting, natural ventilation through operable windows, thermal mass, transpired solar collectors, radiant heating and cooling, and workstation configurations allow for maximum daylighting. This paper was prepared by the client and design teams, including Paul Torcellini, PhD, PE, Commercial Building Research Group Manager with NREL; Shanti Pless and Chad Lobato, Building Energy Efficiency Research Engineers with NREL, David Okada, PE, LEED AP, Associate with Stantec; and Tom Hootman. ALA, LEED AP, Director of Sustainability with RNL. C1 [Torcellini, Paul; Pless, Shanti; Lobato, Chad] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Torcellini, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4394-9 PY 2010 BP 1009 EP 1017 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO57 UT WOS:000283271100110 ER PT B AU Siegel, NP Livers, S Miller, JE Diver, RB AF Siegel, Nathan P. Livers, Stephanie Miller, James E. Diver, Richard B. GP ASME TI CERIUM OXIDE MATERIALS FOR THE SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF CARBON DIOXIDE SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB We have experimentally investigated the thermochemical decomposition of carbon dioxide using pure cerium oxide fibrous structures Experiments were conducted on-sun with a solar furnace and include two reaction steps: the thermal reduction of CeO alpha to CeO beta between 1500 degrees C and 1600 degrees C, and the re-oxidation of CeO beta to produce carbon monoxide under flowing carbon dioxide at temperatures between 800 degrees C and 1200 degrees C. A ceria-based cycle offers some advantages over similar thermochemical cycles including the reduction of sintering and volatility issues during thermal reduction, a stable crystal structure over the range of operating temperatures, and the ability for all of the material to participate in the thermochemical reactions, i e. there is no inert support. We present experimental results indicating that pure ceria structures perform at a level comparable to ferrite-based structures with respect to material utilization and better than the ferrites with respect to the carbon monoxide production rate during the oxidation step. We also discuss the performance potential of a solar reactor that continuously produces carbon monoxide using ceria in a two-step thermochemical cycle. C1 [Siegel, Nathan P.; Livers, Stephanie; Miller, James E.; Diver, Richard B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Siegel, NP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300011 ER PT B AU Diver, RB Miller, JE Siegel, NP Moss, TA AF Diver, Richard B. Miller, James E. Siegel, Nathan P. Moss, Timothy A. GP ASME TI TESTING OF A CR5 SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL HEAT ENGINE PROTOTYPE SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION AB Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is investigating thermochemical approaches for reenergizmg CO2 and H2O feed stocks for input to synthetic liquid hydrocarbon fuels production. Key to the approach is the Counter-Rotating-Ring Receiver/Reactor/Recuperator (CR5), a novel solar-driven thermochemical heat engine concept for high-temperature carbon dioxide and water splitting based on two-step, nonvolatile metal oxide thermochemical cycles. The CR5 integrates two reactors, recuperators. and solar receiver and intrinsically separates the product gases. The CR5 thermochemical heat engine concept and the underlying thermodynamics and kinetics have many uncertainties. While results from laboratory scale material tests are promising, they are different than what occurs in a CR5. To evaluate the potential of the CR5 we have designed and built a CR5 prototype. The overall objective of the SNL Sunshine to Petrol (S2P) project is to show a solar thermochemical pathway for the efficient production of liquid fuels from CO2 and H2O feed stocks. To achieve the overall long-term goal of 10% efficient conversion of sunlight to petroleum, the thermochemical solar conversion of sunlight to CO needs to be 20% efficient. The short-term goal for the CR5 prototype is to demonstrate a solar to chemical conversion efficiency of at least 2%. In this paper, we present initial test results for the CR5 prototype in the 16 kW, National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) solar furnace in Albuquerque, NM. Lessons learned from the initial tests and approaches for improving performance to achieve our goals are also presented. C1 [Diver, Richard B.; Miller, James E.; Siegel, Nathan P.; Moss, Timothy A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Diver, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300012 ER PT B AU Chen, KS Hogan, RE AF Chen, Ken S. Hogan, Roy E. GP ASME TI MODELING SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL SPLITTING OF CO(2) USING METAL OXIDE AND A CR5 SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB A two-dimensional, multi-physics computational model based on the finite-element method is developed for simulating the process of solar thermochemical splitting of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) using ferrites (Fe(3)O(4)/FeO) and a counter-rotating-ring receiver/recuperator or CR5, in which carbon monoxide (CO) is produced from gaseous CO(2). The model takes into account heat transfer, gas-phase flow and multiple-species diffusion in open channels and through pores of the porous reactant layer, and redox chemical reactions at the gas/solid interfaces. Results (temperature distribution, velocity field, and species concentration contours) computed using the model in a case study are presented to illustrate model utility. The model is then employed to examine the effects of injection rates of CO(2) and argon neutral gas, respectively, on CO production rate and the extent of the product-species crossover. C1 [Chen, Ken S.; Hogan, Roy E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, KS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 153 EP 162 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300018 ER PT B AU Bingham, C Jorgensen, G Wylie, A AF Bingham, Carl Jorgensen, Gary Wylie, Amy GP ASME TI EXPOSURE OF POLYMERIC GLAZING MATERIALS USING NREL'S ULTRA-ACCELERATED WEATHERING SYSTEM (UAWS) SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID ENGINEERING THERMOPLASTICS AB NREL's Ultra-Accelerated Weathering System (UAWS) selectively reflects and concentrates natural sunlight ultraviolet irradiance below 475 rim onto exposed samples to provide accelerated weathering of materials while keeping samples within realistic temperature limits. This paper will explain the design and Implementation of the UAWS which allow it to simulate the effect of years of weathering in weeks of exposure. Exposure chamber design and instrumentation will be discussed for both a prototype UAWS used to test glazing samples as well as a commercial version of UAWS. Candidate polymeric glazing materials have been subjected to accelerated exposure testing at a light intensity level of up to 50 UV suns for an equivalent outdoor exposure in Miami, FL exceeding 15 years Samples include an Impact modified acrylic, fiberglass, and polycarbonate having several thin UV-screening coatings. Concurrent exposure is carried out for identical sample sets at two different temperatures to allow thermal effects to be quantified along with resistance to UV. C1 [Bingham, Carl; Jorgensen, Gary] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Bingham, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300035 ER PT B AU Christian, JM Ho, CK AF Christian, Joshua M. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR COLLECTORS FOR EVALUATION OF GRAVITY LOADS, BENDING, AND OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Understanding the effects of gravity and wind loads on concentrating solar power (CSP) collectors is critical for performance calculations and developing more accurate alignment procedures and techniques. This paper presents a rigorous finite-element model of a parabolic trough collector that is used to determine the impact of gravity loads on bending and displacements of the mirror facets and support structure. The geometry of the LUZ LS-2 parabolic trough collector was modeled using SolidWorks, and gravity-induced loading and displacements were simulated in SolidWorks Simulation. The model of the trough collector was evaluated in two positions: the 90 degrees position (mirrors facing upward) and the 0 degrees position (mirrors facing horizontally) The slope errors of the mirror facet reflective surfaces were found by evaluating simulated angular displacements of node-connected segments along the mirror surface The ideal (undeformed) shape of the mirror was compared to the shape of the deformed mirror after gravity loading Also, slope errors were obtained by comparing the deformed shapes between the 90 degrees and 0 degrees positions. The slope errors resulting from comparison between the deformed vs undeformed shape were as high as similar to 2 mrad, depending on the location of the mirror facet on the collector. The slope errors resulting from a change in orientation of the trough from the 90 degrees position to the 0 degrees position with gravity loading were as high as similar to 3 mrad, depending on the location of the facet. C1 [Christian, Joshua M.; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Christian, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 475 EP 481 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300060 ER PT B AU Khalsa, SSS Ho, CK AF Khalsa, Siri Sahib S. Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI DEVELOPMENT OF A "SOLAR PATCH" CALCULATOR TO EVALUATE HELIOSTAT-FIELD IRRADIANCE AS A BOUNDARY CONDITION IN CFD MODELS SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB A rigorous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to calculating temperature distributions, radiative and convective losses, and flow fields in a cavity receiver irradiated by a heliostat field is typically limited to the receiver domain alone for computational reasons A CFD simulation cannot realistically yield a precise solution that includes the details within the vast domain of an entire heliostat field in addition to the detailed processes and features within a cavity receiver. Instead, the incoming, field irradiance can be represented as a boundary condition on the receiver domain. This paper describes a program. the Solar Patch Calculator. written in Microsoft Excel VBA to characterize multiple beams emanating from a "solar patch" located at the aperture of a cavity receiver, in order to represent the incoming irradiance from any field of heliostats as a boundary condition on the receiver domain. This program accounts for cosine losses; receiver location; heliostat reflectivity, areas and locations; field location; time of day and day of year. This paper also describes the implementation of the boundary conditions calculated by this program into a Discrete Ordinates radiation model using Ansys (R) FLUENT (www.fluent.com). and compares the results to experimental data and to results generated by the code DELSOL. C1 [Khalsa, Siri Sahib S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Sandia Staffing Alliance, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Khalsa, SSS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Sandia Staffing Alliance, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300061 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Ghanbari, CM Diver, RB AF Ho, Clifford K. Ghanbari, Cheryl M. Diver, Richard B. GP ASME TI METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS POTENTIAL GLINT AND GLARE HAZARDS FROM CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANTS: ANALYTICAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID RADIATION AB With growing numbers of concentrating solar power systems being designed and developed, glint and glare from concentrating solar collectors and receivers is receiving increased attention as a potential hazard or distraction for motorists, pilots, and pedestrians This paper provides analytical methods to evaluate the irradiance originating from specularly and diffusely reflecting sources as a function of distance and characteristics of the source. Sample problems are provided for both specular and diffuse sources. and validation of the models is performed via testing In addition, a summary of safety metrics is compiled from the literature to evaluate the potential hazards of calculated irradiances from glint and glare. Previous safety metrics have focused on prevention of permanent eye damage (e.g retinal burn) New metrics used in this paper account for temporary flash blindness, which can occur at irradiance values several orders of magnitude lower than the irradiance values required for irreversible eye damage C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Ghanbari, Cheryl M.; Diver, Richard B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Concentrating Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 491 EP 500 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300062 ER PT B AU Ho, CK Khalsa, SS Siegel, NP AF Ho, Clifford K. Khalsa, Siri S. Siegel, Nathan P. GP ASME TI ANALYTICAL METHODS TO EVALUATE FLUX DISTRIBUTIONS FROM POINT-FOCUS COLLECTORS FOR SOLAR FURNACE AND DISH ENGINE APPLICATIONS SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB This paper introduces a new analytical "stretch" function that accurately predicts the flux distribution from on-axis point-focus collectors Different dish sizes and slope errors can be assessed using this analytical function with a ratio of the focal length to collector diameter fixed at 0.6 to yield the maximum concentration ratio. Results are compared to data, and the stretch function is shown to provide more accurate flux distributions than other analytical methods employing cone optics. C1 [Ho, Clifford K.; Khalsa, Siri S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, Sandia Staffing Alliance, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ho, CK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, Sandia Staffing Alliance, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM ckho@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 501 EP 509 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300063 ER PT B AU Diver, RB Moss, TA AF Diver, Richard B. Moss, Timothy A. GP ASME TI TEST RESULTS AND STATUS OF THE TOP ALIGNMENT SYSTEM FOR PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR COLLECTORS SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Parabolic trough solar power plants produce the lowest cost solar electricity, yet unsubsidized electricity from parabolic trough power plants costs about twice that from conventional sources. To make parabolic trough electricity more competitive, we are developing an innovative approach for rapidly and effectively evaluating the alignment of mirrors in parabolic trough power plants and prescribing corrective actions as needed. The Theoretical Overlay Photographic Collector Alignment Technique (TOPCAT) system could be used during construction, to improve the performance of existing power plants, or for routine maintenance. It is also an enabling technology for higher concentration ratio and lower cost trough solar collector designs needed to make solar electricity more competitive with conventional sources In this paper a truck-mounted TOPCAT field characterization system is described Test results from mirror alignment of an LS-3 loop in a commercial parabolic trough power plant in southern California are also presented The performance improvements were measured using a comparative calorimetric technique which inherently accounts for variations in Insolation levels, sun incident angle, and mirror and heat collection element (HCE) glass envelope cleanliness Measurements indicate a 3 5% increase in thermal performance of an LS-3 loop aligned with the TOPCAT system Benchmarking results of labor hours and materials show that the TOPCAT system is an extremely cost effective tool for improving the performance of existing parabolic trough power plants C1 [Diver, Richard B.; Moss, Timothy A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Diver, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300064 ER PT B AU Andraka, CE Yellowhair, J Iverson, BD AF Andraka, Charles E. Yellowhair, Julius Iverson, Brian D. GP ASME TI A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS ERROR CONTRIBUTIONS ON THE FLUX DISTRIBUTION OF A SOLAR DISH CONCENTRATOR SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Dish concentrators can produce highly concentrated flux for the operation of an engine, a chemical process, or other energy converter The high concentration allows a small aperture to control thermal losses, and permits high temperature processes at the focal point A variety of optical errors can influence the flux pattern both at the aperture and at the absorber surface Impacts of these errors can be lost energy (intercept losses), aperture compromise (increased size to accommodate flux), high peak fluxes (leading to pain failure or life reduction), and Improperly positioned flux also leading to component failure Optical errors can include small scale facet errors ("waviness"), facet shape errors, alignment (facet pointing) errors, structural deflections, and tracking errors. The errors may be random in nature, or may be systematic The various sources of errors are often combined in a "root-mean-squared" process to present a single number as an "error budget" However, this approach ignores the fact that various errors can influence the performance in different ways, and can mislead the designer, leading to component damage in a system or poor system performance. In this paper, we model a hypothetical radial gore dish system using Sandia's CIRCE2 optical code We evaluate the peak flux and incident power through the aperture and onto various parts of the receiver cavity We explore the impact of different error sources on the character of the flux pattern, and demonstrate the limitations of lumping all of the errors into a single error budget C1 [Andraka, Charles E.; Yellowhair, Julius; Iverson, Brian D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Andraka, CE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 565 EP 580 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300070 ER PT B AU Burkhardt, JJ Heath, G Turchi, C AF Burkhardt, John J., III Heath, Garvin Turchi, Craig GP ASME TI LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF A MODEL PARABOLIC TROUGH CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANT WITH THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB This study evaluates the environmental impacts of a hypothetical 103 megawatt, parabolic trough, wet-cooled concentrating solar power (CSP) plant in the U S Southwest with 6 3 hours of thermal energy storage by means of a hybrid life cycle assessment Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, cumulative energy demand, and water consumption associated with the manufacture, construction, operation, dismantling, and disposal of the power plant are evaluated and disagaregated by maim systems and components. The reference CSP plant emits 26 g CO(2eq) per kWh of electrical output across its life cycle, cumulatively demands 0 43 MJ(eq)/kWh of energy, and consumes 4 7 L/kWh of water. The majority of water is consumed by the power block for evaporative cooling. Sensitivity analyses are performed on several key assumptions and design elements the configuration of the thermal energy storage system (i e, thermocline), the heat transfer fluid, the nitrate salts, the cooling system type (m e, dry-cooled) and the energy required for construction and end-of-life dismantling Our base case results are robust to alternative assumptions regarding the heat transfer fluid and energy required for construction and dismantling, however, the total life cycle impacts are strongly influenced by the type of cooling system and nitrate salts employed C1 [Burkhardt, John J., III; Heath, Garvin] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Burkhardt, JJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 599 EP 608 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300073 ER PT B AU Yellowhair, J Ho, CK AF Yellowhair, Julius Ho, Clifford K. GP ASME TI HELIOSTAT CANTING AND FOCUSING METHODS: AN OVERVIEW AND COMPARISON SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB A central receiver power tower system consists of a field of heliostats that focus the sunlight onto the receiver on the tower. Heliostats typically consist of an array of mirror facets that track the sun throughout the day. To obtain the optimal concentrated solar flux on the receiver, the individual heliostat facets must be properly canted and focused. Several different methods have been used in the past for facet canting and focusing. These demonstrated methods and some new alignment concepts are under consideration for development and alignment of the 218 heliostats at the Sandia National Laboratories National Solar Thermal Test Facility in Albuquerque, NM In this paper, we provide an overview and comparison of the different methods The methods we consider are the gauge blocks, inclinometers, photogrammetry, fringe reflection, imaging with theoretical image overlays, laser beam projections. camera look-back, and target reflection methods The advantages and disadvantages of each alignment method are identified based on several prescribed criteria for aligning the heliostats. Recommendations regarding the alignment method's potential for efficiently and accurately aligning heliostat fields arc provided. C1 [Yellowhair, Julius; Ho, Clifford K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yellowhair, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solar Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jeyello@sandia.gov NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 609 EP 615 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300074 ER PT B AU Wagner, MJ Kutscher, C AF Wagner, Michael J. Kutscher, Charles GP ASME TI THE IMPACT OF HYBRID WET/DRY COOLING ON CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER PLANT PERFORMANCE SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div DE Concentrating solar power; CSP; water use; Rankine cycle; hybrid cooling; dry cooling; plant modeling; IPSEpro AB This paper examines the sensitivity of Rankine cycle plant performance to dry cooling and hybrid (parallel) wet/dry cooling combinations with the traditional wet-cooled model as a baseline. Plants with a lower temperature thermal resource are more sensitive to fluctuations in cooling conditions, and so the lower temperature parabolic trough plant is analyzed to assess the maximum impact of alternative cooling configurations. While low water-use heat rejection designs are applicable to any technology that utilizes a Rankine steam cycle for power generation, they are of special interest to concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies that are located in arid regions with limited water availability. System performance is evaluated using hourly simulations over the course of a year at Daggett, CA The scope of the analysis in this paper is limited to the power block and the heat rejection system, excluding the solar field and thermal storage. As such, water used in mirror washing, maintenance, etc, is not included. Thermal energy produced by the solar field is modeled using NREL's Solar Advisor Model (SAM). C1 [Wagner, Michael J.; Kutscher, Charles] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wagner, MJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 675 EP 682 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300081 ER PT B AU Mowers, M Helm, C Blair, N Short, W AF Mowers, Matthew Helm, Chris Blair, Nate Short, Walter GP ASME TI CORRELATIONS BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICALLY DISPERSED CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER AND DEMAND IN THE UNITED STATES SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Correlations between the electricity generated by concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) plants, as well as doss-correlations between CSP, wind power and electricity demand, have significant impacts on decisions for how much and where to build utility-scale CSP capacity, the optimal amount of thermal storage in the CSP plants, reserve capacity needed to back-up the system, as well as the expected levels of curtailed renewable power. Accurately estimating these correlations is vital to performing detailed analyses of high renewable penetration scenarios This study quantifies the degree of correlation between geographically dispersed CSP, as well as the correlation between CSP and wind power, and CSP and electricity demand in 356 discrete regions in the contiguous US Correlations are calculated using hourly data on an annual basis. Maps of the correlations will be presented to illustrate the degree of correlation between solar power and the demand it is serving, as well as the synergies between the negatively-correlated wind power and solar power serving the same region C1 [Mowers, Matthew; Helm, Chris; Blair, Nate; Short, Walter] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mowers, M (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Chnstopher.Helm@nrel.gov; Walter.Short@nrel.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 683 EP 691 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300082 ER PT B AU Kolb, G Ho, C Iverson, B Moss, T Siegel, N AF Kolb, Gregory Ho, Clifford Iverson, Brian Moss, Timothy Siegel, Nathan GP ASME TI FREEZE-THAW TESTS ON TROUGH RECEIVERS EMPLOYING A MOLTEN SALT WORKING FLUID SO ES2010: PROCEEDINGS OF ASME 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the ASME 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability 2010 CY MAY 17-22, 2010 CL Phoenix, AZ SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst Div, ASME, Solar Energy Div AB Several studies predict an economic benefit of using nitrate-based salts instead of the current synthetic oil within a solar parabolic trough field. However. the expected economic benefit can only be realized if the reliability and optical performance of the salt trough system is comparable to today's oil trough. Of primary concern is whether a salt-freeze accident and subsequent thaw will lead to damage of the heat collection elements (HCEs) This topic was investigated by experiments and analytical analysis. Results to date suggest that damage will not occur if the HCEs are not completely filled with salt. However, if the HCE is completely filled at the time of the freeze. the subsequent thaw can lead to plastic deformation and significant bending of the absorber tube. C1 [Kolb, Gregory; Ho, Clifford; Iverson, Brian; Moss, Timothy; Siegel, Nathan] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kolb, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4395-6 PY 2010 BP 693 EP 698 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRO59 UT WOS:000283271300083 ER PT S AU Spafford, K Meredith, J Vetter, J Chen, J Grout, R Sankaran, R AF Spafford, Kyle Meredith, Jeremy Vetter, Jeffrey Chen, Jacqueline Grout, Ray Sankaran, Ramanan BE Lin, HX Alexander, M Forsell, M Knupfer, A Prodan, R Sousa, L Streit, A TI Accelerating S3D: A GPGPU Case Study SO EURO-PAR 2009 PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Computing CY AUG 25-28, 2009 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Parallel & Distributed Syst Grp HO Delft Univ Technol AB The graphics processor (GPU) has evolved into an appealing choice for high performance computing due to its superior memory bandwidth, raw processing power, and flexible programmability. As such, GPUs represent an excellent platform for accelerating scientific applications. This paper explores a methodology for identifying applications which present significant potential for acceleration. In particular, this work focuses on experiences from accelerating S3D, a high-fidelity turbulent reacting flow solver. The acceleration process is examined from a holistic viewpoint, and includes details that arise from different phases of the conversion. This paper also addresses the issue of floating point accuracy and precision on the GPU, a topic of immense importance to scientific computing. Several performance experiments are conducted, and results are presented from the NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU. We generalize from our experiences to provide a roadmap for deploying existing scientific applications on heterogeneous GPU platforms. C1 [Spafford, Kyle; Meredith, Jeremy; Vetter, Jeffrey; Sankaran, Ramanan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Jacqueline; Grout, Ray] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Spafford, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spaffordkl@ornl.gov; jsmeredith@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov; jhchen@sandia.gov; rwgrout@sandia.gov; sankaranr@ornl.gov RI Sankaran, Ramanan/D-9254-2015 OI Sankaran, Ramanan/0000-0002-5352-9915 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14121-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6043 BP 122 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQT36 UT WOS:000281786300013 ER PT S AU Furlinger, K Skinner, D AF Fuerlinger, Karl Skinner, David BE Lin, HX Alexander, M Forsell, M Knupfer, A Prodan, R Sousa, L Streit, A TI Capturing and Visualizing Event Flow Graphs of MPI Applications SO EURO-PAR 2009 PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Computing CY AUG 25-28, 2009 CL Delft Univ Technol, Delft, NETHERLANDS SP Parallel & Distributed Syst Grp HO Delft Univ Technol AB A high-level understanding of how an application executes and which performance characteristics it exhibits is essential in many areas of high performance computing, such as application optimization, hardware development, and system procurement. Tools are needed to help users in uncovering the application characteristics, but current approaches are unsuitable to help develop a structured understanding of program execution akin to flow charts. Profiling tools are efficient in terms of overheads but their way of recording performance data discards temporal information. Tracing preserves all the temporal information but distilling the essential high level structures, such as initialization and iteration phases can be challenging and cumbersome. We present a technique that extends an existing profiling tool to capture event flow graphs of MPI applications. Event flow graphs try to strike a balance between the abundance of data contained in full traces and the concise information profiling tools can deliver with low overheads. We describe our technique for efficiently gathering an event flow graph for each process of an MPI application and for combining these graphs into a single application-level flow graph. We explore ways to reduce the complexity of the graphs by collapsing nodes in a step-by-step fashion and present techniques to explore flow graphs interactively. C1 [Fuerlinger, Karl] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Div Comp Sci, Soda Hall 593, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Skinner, David] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Furlinger, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Div Comp Sci, Soda Hall 593, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM fuerling@eecs.berkeley.edu; deskinner@lbl.gov OI Furlinger, Karl/0000-0003-0398-4087 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-14121-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6043 BP 218 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQT36 UT WOS:000281786300023 ER PT S AU Spafford, K Meredith, J Vetter, J AF Spafford, Kyle Meredith, Jeremy Vetter, Jeffrey BE DAmbra, P Guarracino, M Talia, D TI Maestro: Data Orchestration and Tuning for OpenCL Devices SO EURO-PAR 2010 - PARALLEL PROCESSING, PART II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2010 CL Ischia, ITALY AB As heterogeneous computing platforms become more prevalent, the programmer must account for complex memory hierarchies in addition to the difficulties of parallel programming. OpenCL is an open standard for parallel computing that helps alleviate this difficulty by providing a portable set of abstractions for device memory hierarchies. However, OpenCL requires that the programmer explicitly controls data transfer and device synchronization, two tedious and error-prone tasks. This paper introduces Maestro, an open source library for data orchestration on OpenCL devices. Maestro provides automatic data transfer, task decomposition across multiple devices, and autotuning of dynamic execution parameters for some types of problems. C1 [Spafford, Kyle; Meredith, Jeremy; Vetter, Jeffrey] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spafford, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM spaffordkl@ornl.gov; jsmeredith@ornl.gov; vetter@ornl.gov NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15290-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6272 BP 275 EP 286 PN II PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BRM57 UT WOS:000283106500026 ER PT S AU Sancho, JC Kerbyson, DJ Lang, M AF Carlos Sancho, Jose Kerbyson, Darren J. Lang, Michael BE DAmbar, P Guarracino, M Talia, D TI Characterizing the Impact of Using Spare-Cores on Application Performance SO EURO-PAR 2010 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2010 CL Ischia, ITALY SP Natl Res Council Italy, High Performance Comp & Networking Inst AB Increased parallelism on a single processor is driving improvements in peak-performance at both the node and system levels. However achievable performance, in particular from production scientific applications, is not always directly proportional to the core count. Performance is often limited by constraints in the memory hierarchy and also by a node inter-connectivity. Even on state-of-the-art processors, containing between four and eight cores, many applications cannot take full advantage of the compute-performance of all cores. This trend is expected to increase on future processors as the core count per processor increases. In this work we characterize the use of spare-cores, cores that do not provide any improvements in application performance, on current multi-core processors. By using a pulse-width modulation method, we examine the possible performance profile of using a spare-core and quantify under what situations its use will not impact application performance. We show that, for current AMD and Intel multi-core processors, spare-cores can be used for substantial computational tasks but can impact application performance when using shared caches or when significantly accessing main memory. C1 [Carlos Sancho, Jose] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Kerbyson, Darren J.] Pacific NorthWest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lang, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sancho, JC (reprint author), Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM jsancho@bsc.es; Darren.Kerbyson@pnl.gov; mlang@lanl.gov RI Sancho, Jose Carlos/B-3125-2016 OI Sancho, Jose Carlos/0000-0002-6917-9155 FU Advanced Simulation and Computing program; Office of Science of the Department of Energy; Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the US Department of Energy [DEAC52 06NA25396] FX This work was funded in part by the Advanced Simulation and Computing program and the Office of Science of the Department of Energy.Los Alamos is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract No.DEAC52 06NA25396. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15276-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6271 BP 74 EP + PN I PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BSL13 UT WOS:000284820500008 ER PT S AU Singh, K Curtis-Maury, M Mckee, SA Blagojevic, F Nikolopoulos, DS de Supinski, BR Schulz, M AF Singh, Karan Curtis-Maury, Matthew McKee, Sally A. Blagojevic, Filip Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S. de Supinski, Bronis R. Schulz, Martin BE DAmbar, P Guarracino, M Talia, D TI Comparing Scalability Prediction Strategies on an SMP of CMPs SO EURO-PAR 2010 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT I SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 2010 CL Ischia, ITALY SP Natl Res Council Italy, High Performance Comp & Networking Inst AB Diminishing performance returns and increasing power consumption of single-threaded processors have made chip multiprocessors (CMPs) an industry imperative. Unfortunately, poor software/hardware interaction and bottlenecks in shared hardware structures can prevent scaling to many cores. In fact, adding a core may harm performance and increase power consumption. Given these observations, we compare two approaches to predicting parallel application scalability: multiple linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANNs). We throttle concurrency to levels with higher predicted power/performance efficiency. We perform experiments on a state-of-the-art, dual-processor, quad-core platform, showing that both methodologies achieve high accuracy and identify energy-efficient concurrency levels in multithreaded scientific applications. The ANN approach has advantages, but the simpler regression-based model achieves slightly higher accuracy and performance. The approaches exhibit median error of 7.5% and 5.6%, and improve performance by an average of 7.4% and 9.5%, respectively. C1 [Singh, Karan] Cornell Univ, Comp Syst Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Curtis-Maury, Matthew] NetApp Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [McKee, Sally A.] Chalmers, Comp Sci &Engn, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Blagojevic, Filip] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios S.] FORTH, Inst Comp Sci, Haraklion, Greece. [de Supinski, Bronis R.; Schulz, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Singh, K (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Comp Syst Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM karan@csl.cornell.edu; mcm@netapp.com; mckee@chalmers.se; fblagojevic@lbl.gov; dsn@ics.forth.gr; bronis@llnl.gov; schulzm@llnl.gov FU National Science Foundation [CCR-0346867, CCF-0702616, CCF-0715051, CNS-0521381, CNS-0720750]; Us Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER25751, DE-FG02-05ER25689]; European Commission [FP7-224759, FP7-217068, FP7-21618, FP6-27648]; IBM; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-Ac52-07NA27344]; LLNLCONF [401561] FX This research is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (CCR-0346867,CCF-0702616,CCF-0715051,CNS-0521381,CNS-0720750,CNS-0720673 ), the U.S. Department of Energy (DEFG0206ER25751,DEFG0205ER25689),the European Commission (FP7-224759, FP7-217068, FP7-216181, FP6-27648), IBM, andVirginia Tech (VTF-874197). The work presented here was partly performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-CONF-401561). NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-15276-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6271 BP 143 EP + PN I PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BSL13 UT WOS:000284820500014 ER PT J AU Emory, JF Walworth, MJ Van Berkel, GJ Schulz, M Minarik, S AF Emory, Joshua F. Walworth, Matthew J. Van Berkel, Gary J. Schulz, Michael Minarik, Susanne TI Direct analysis of reversed-phase high-performance thin layer chromatography separated tryptic protein digests using a liquid microjunction surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry system SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE surface sampling probe; reversed-phase; thin layer chromatography; HPTLC; peptides; tryptic digest; electrospray; mass spectrometry ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; PEPTIDE IDENTIFICATION; HPTLC/DESI-MS; PROBE; PROTEOMICS; ANALYTES; PLATES AB The sampling, ionization and detection of tryptic peptides separated in one-dimension on reversed-phase high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates was performed using liquid microjunction surface sampling probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Tryptic digests of five proteins [cytochrome c, myoglobin, beta-casein, lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] were spotted on reversed phase HPTLC RP-8 F254s and HPTLC RP-18 F254s plates. The plates were then developed using 70/30 methanol/water with 0.1 M ammonium acetate. A dual purpose extraction/etectrospray solution containing 70/30/0.1 water/methanol/formic acid was infused through the sampling probe during analysis of the developed lanes. Both full scan mass spectra and data dependent tandem mass spectra were acquired for each development Lane to detect and verify the peptide distributions. Data dependent tandem mass spectra provided both protein identification and sequence coverage information. Highest sequence coverages were achieved for cytochrome c and myoglobin (62.5% and 58.3%, respectively) on reversed phase RP-8 plates. While the tryptic peptides were separated enough for identification, the peptide bands did show some overlap with most peptides Located in the lower half of the development Lane. Proteins whose peptides were more separated gave higher sequence coverage. Larger proteins such as beta-casein and BSA which were spotted in lower relative amounts gave much lower sequence coverage than the smaller proteins. C1 [Emory, Joshua F.; Walworth, Matthew J.; Van Berkel, Gary J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Walworth, Matthew J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Schulz, Michael; Minarik, Susanne] Merck KGaA, Thin Layer Chromatog Lab, Performance & Life Sci Chem, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Van Berkel, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM vanberkelgj@ornl.gov FU Battelle Memorial Institute; ORNL Technology Transfer and Economic Development [TTED]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the US Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US Government retains a paid-up, non-exclusive. irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes.; J.F.L. acknowledges an Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) appointment through the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program. Dr Julian Philips (Thermo Fisher Scientific] is thanked for the loan of the LCQ DECA mass spectrometer. Dr Vilmos Kertesz (ORNL) is thanked for help in setting up the bottom-up peptice/protein data analysis work flow. The MicrclonSpray head used to fabricate one of the surface sampling probes was provided through a cooperative research and development agreement (CRADA) with MDS Sciex (ORNL02-0662). This research was supported by the Battelle Memorial Institute Technology Maturation Fund. The surface scanning platform and associated control software used in this study was developed with support from ORNL Technology Transfer and Economic Development [TTED] Royalty Funds. ORNL is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 14 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 SI SI BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1255/ejms.1041 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 552KY UT WOS:000274290200004 PM 20065522 ER PT J AU Pellin, MJ Veryovkin, IV Levine, J Zinovev, A Davis, AM Stephan, T Tripa, CE King, BV Savina, MR AF Pellin, Michael J. Veryovkin, Igor V. Levine, Jonathan Zinovev, Alexander Davis, Andrew M. Stephan, Thomas Tripa, C. Emil King, Bruce V. Savina, Michael R. TI Ion microscopy with resonant ionization mass spectrometry: time-of-flight depth profiling with improved isotopic precision SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Mass Spectrometry Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 04, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP German Mass Spectrometry Soc DE resonant ionization mass spectrometry; isotopic analysis; depth profiling; useful yield; RIMS; cosmochemistry; isotopic precision; elemental composition; photoionization ID DYNAMIC-RANGE; SIMS; DIFFUSION AB There are four generally mutually exclusive requirements that plague many mass spectrometric measurements of trace constituents: (1) the small size (limited by the depth probed) of many interesting materials requires high useful yields to simply detect some trace elements, (2) the low concentrations of interesting elements require efficient discrimination from isobaric interferences, (3) it is often necessary to measure the depth distribution of elements with high surface and low bulk contributions, and (4) many applications require precise isotopic analysis. Resonant ionization mass spectrometry has made dramatic progress in addressing these difficulties over the past five years. C1 [Pellin, Michael J.; Veryovkin, Igor V.; Levine, Jonathan; Zinovev, Alexander; Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas; Tripa, C. Emil; King, Bruce V.; Savina, Michael R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pellin, Michael J.; Veryovkin, Igor V.; Levine, Jonathan; Zinovev, Alexander; Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas; Tripa, C. Emil; Savina, Michael R.] Chicago Ctr Cosmochem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Pellin, Michael J.; Levine, Jonathan; Davis, Andrew M.; Stephan, Thomas] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Davis, Andrew M.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [King, Bruce V.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Math & Phys Sci, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. RP Pellin, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM pellin@anl.gov RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008; OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768; Davis, Andrew/0000-0001-7955-6236 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 3 SI SI BP 373 EP 377 DI 10.1255/ejms.1085 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 618BJ UT WOS:000279325900014 PM 20530842 ER PT J AU Chekanov, S Derrick, M Magill, S Musgrave, B Nicholass, D Repond, J Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Antonioli, P Bari, G Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Cindolo, F Corradi, M Iacobucci, G Margotti, A Nania, R Polini, A Antonelli, S Basile, M Bindi, M Cifarelli, L Contin, A De Pasquale, S Sartorelli, G Zichichi, A Bartsch, D Brock, I Hartmann, H Hilger, E Jakob, HP Jungst, M Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Paul, E Samson, U Schonberg, V Shehzadi, R Wlasenko, M Brook, NH Heath, GP Morris, JD Kaur, M Kaur, P Singh, I Capua, M Fazio, S Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Tassi, E Kim, JY Ibrahim, ZA Idris, FM Kamaluddin, B Abdullah, WATW Ning, Y Ren, Z Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Galas, A Olkiewicz, K Pawlik, B Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bold, T Grabowska-Bold, I Kisielewska, D Lukasik, J Przybycien, M Suszycki, L Kotanski, A Slominski, W Behnke, O Behr, J Behrens, U Blohm, C Borras, K Bot, D Ciesielski, R Coppola, N Fang, S Geiser, A Gottlicher, P Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Haas, T Hain, W Huttmann, A Januschek, F Kahle, B Katkov, II Klein, U Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lisovyi, M Lobodzinska, E Lohr, B Mankel, R Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Montanari, A Namsoo, T Notz, D Parenti, A Roloff, P Rubinsky, I Schneekloth, U Spiridonov, A Szuba, D Szuba, J Theedt, T Tomaszewska, J Wolf, G Wrona, K Yagues-Molina, AG Youngman, C Zeuner, W Drugakov, V Lohmann, W Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, PG Bamberger, A Dobur, D Karstens, F Vlasov, NN Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Forrest, M Saxon, DH Skillicorn, IO Gialas, I Papageorgiu, K Holm, U Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Perrey, H Schleper, P Schorner-Sadenius, T Sztuk, J Stadie, H Turcato, M Foudas, C Fry, C Long, KR Tapper, AD Matsumoto, T Nagano, K Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Barakbaev, AN Boos, EG Pokrovskiy, NS Zhautykov, BO Aushev, V Bachynska, O Borodin, M Kadenko, I Kuprash, O Libov, V Lontkovskyi, D Makarenko, I Sorokin, I Verbytskyi, A Volynets, O Zolko, M Son, D de Favereau, J Piotrzkowski, K Barreiro, F Glasman, C Jimenez, M del Peso, J Ron, E Terron, J Uribe-Estrada, C Corriveau, F Schwartz, J Zhou, C Tsurugai, T Antonov, A Dolgoshein, BA Gladkov, D Sosnovtsev, V Stifutkin, A Suchkov, S Dementiev, RK Ermolov, PF Gladilin, LK Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Levchenko, BB Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Zotkin, DS Abt, I Caldwell, A Kollar, D Reisert, B Schmidke, WB Grigorescu, G Keramidas, A Koffeman, E Kooijman, P Pellegrino, A Tiecke, H Vazquez, M Wiggers, L Brummer, N Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Lee, A Ling, TY Allfrey, PD Bell, MA Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Ferrando, J Foster, B Gwenlan, C Horton, K Oliver, K Robertson, A Walczak, R Bertolin, A Dal Corso, F Dusini, S Longhin, A Stanco, L Brugnera, R Carlin, R Garfagnini, A Limentani, S Oh, BY Raval, A Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Cole, JE Hart, JC Abramowicz, H Ingbir, R Kananov, S Levy, A Stern, A Kuze, M Maeda, J Hori, R Kagawa, S Okazaki, N Shimizu, S Tawara, T Hamatsu, R Kaji, H Kitamura, S Ota, O Ri, YD Costa, M Ferrero, MI Monaco, V Sacchi, R Sola, V Solano, A Arneodo, M Ruspa, M Fourletov, S Martin, JF Stewart, TP Boutle, SK Butterworth, JM Jones, TW Loizides, JH Wing, M Brzozowska, B Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kulinski, P Luzniak, P Malka, J Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Perlanski, W Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Plucinski, P Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Brownson, E Reeder, DD Savin, AA Smith, WH Wolfe, H Bhadra, S Catterall, CD Cui, Y Hartner, G Menary, S Noor, U Standage, J Whyte, J AF Chekanov, S. Derrick, M. Magill, S. Musgrave, B. Nicholass, D. Repond, J. Yoshida, R. Mattingly, M. C. K. Antonioli, P. Bari, G. Bellagamba, L. Boscherini, D. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Cindolo, F. Corradi, M. Iacobucci, G. Margotti, A. Nania, R. Polini, A. Antonelli, S. Basile, M. Bindi, M. Cifarelli, L. Contin, A. De Pasquale, S. Sartorelli, G. Zichichi, A. Bartsch, D. Brock, I. Hartmann, H. Hilger, E. Jakob, H. -P. Juengst, M. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Paul, E. Samson, U. Schoenberg, V. Shehzadi, R. Wlasenko, M. Brook, N. H. Heath, G. P. Morris, J. D. Kaur, M. Kaur, P. Singh, I. Capua, M. Fazio, S. Mastroberardino, A. Schioppa, M. Susinno, G. Tassi, E. Kim, J. Y. Ibrahim, Z. A. Idris, F. Mohamad Kamaluddin, B. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Ning, Y. Ren, Z. Sciulli, F. Chwastowski, J. Eskreys, A. Figiel, J. Galas, A. Olkiewicz, K. Pawlik, B. Stopa, P. Zawiejski, L. Adamczyk, L. Bold, T. Grabowska-Bold, I. Kisielewska, D. Lukasik, J. Przybycien, M. Suszycki, L. Kotanski, A. Slominski, W. Behnke, O. Behr, J. Behrens, U. Blohm, C. Borras, K. Bot, D. Ciesielski, R. Coppola, N. Fang, S. Geiser, A. Goettlicher, P. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Haas, T. Hain, W. Huettmann, A. Januschek, F. Kahle, B. Katkov, I. I. Klein, U. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Lisovyi, M. Lobodzinska, E. Loehr, B. Mankel, R. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Montanari, A. Namsoo, T. Notz, D. Parenti, A. Roloff, P. Rubinsky, I. Schneekloth, U. Spiridonov, A. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Theedt, T. Tomaszewska, J. Wolf, G. Wrona, K. Yaguees-Molina, A. G. Youngman, C. Zeuner, W. Drugakov, V. Lohmann, W. Schlenstedt, S. Barbagli, G. Gallo, E. Pelfer, P. G. Bamberger, A. Dobur, D. Karstens, F. Vlasov, N. N. Bussey, P. J. Doyle, A. T. Forrest, M. Saxon, D. H. Skillicorn, I. O. Gialas, I. Papageorgiu, K. Holm, U. Klanner, R. Lohrmann, E. Perrey, H. Schleper, P. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Sztuk, J. Stadie, H. Turcato, M. Foudas, C. Fry, C. Long, K. R. Tapper, A. D. Matsumoto, T. Nagano, K. Tokushuku, K. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Barakbaev, A. N. Boos, E. G. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Zhautykov, B. O. Aushev, V. Bachynska, O. Borodin, M. Kadenko, I. Kuprash, O. Libov, V. Lontkovskyi, D. Makarenko, I. Sorokin, Iu. Verbytskyi, A. Volynets, O. Zolko, M. Son, D. de Favereau, J. Piotrzkowski, K. Barreiro, F. Glasman, C. Jimenez, M. del Peso, J. Ron, E. Terron, J. Uribe-Estrada, C. Corriveau, F. Schwartz, J. Zhou, C. Tsurugai, T. Antonov, A. Dolgoshein, B. A. Gladkov, D. Sosnovtsev, V. Stifutkin, A. Suchkov, S. Dementiev, R. K. Ermolov, P. F. Gladilin, L. K. Golubkov, Yu. A. Khein, L. A. Korzhavina, I. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Levchenko, B. B. Lukina, O. Yu. Proskuryakov, A. S. Shcheglova, L. M. Zotkin, D. S. Abt, I. Caldwell, A. Kollar, D. Reisert, B. Schmidke, W. B. Grigorescu, G. Keramidas, A. Koffeman, E. Kooijman, P. Pellegrino, A. Tiecke, H. Vazquez, M. Wiggers, L. Bruemmer, N. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L. S. Lee, A. Ling, T. Y. Allfrey, P. D. Bell, M. A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Devenish, R. C. E. Ferrando, J. Foster, B. Gwenlan, C. Horton, K. Oliver, K. Robertson, A. Walczak, R. Bertolin, A. Dal Corso, F. Dusini, S. Longhin, A. Stanco, L. Brugnera, R. Carlin, R. Garfagnini, A. Limentani, S. Oh, B. Y. Raval, A. Whitmore, J. J. Iga, Y. D'Agostini, G. Marini, G. Nigro, A. Cole, J. E. Hart, J. C. Abramowicz, H. Ingbir, R. Kananov, S. Levy, A. Stern, A. Kuze, M. Maeda, J. Hori, R. Kagawa, S. Okazaki, N. Shimizu, S. Tawara, T. Hamatsu, R. Kaji, H. Kitamura, S. Ota, O. Ri, Y. D. Costa, M. Ferrero, M. I. Monaco, V. Sacchi, R. Sola, V. Solano, A. Arneodo, M. Ruspa, M. Fourletov, S. Martin, J. F. Stewart, T. P. Boutle, S. K. Butterworth, J. M. Jones, T. W. Loizides, J. H. Wing, M. Brzozowska, B. Ciborowski, J. Grzelak, G. Kulinski, P. Luzniak, P. Malka, J. Nowak, R. J. Pawlak, J. M. Perlanski, W. Zarnecki, A. F. Adamus, M. Plucinski, P. Eisenberg, Y. Hochman, D. Karshon, U. Brownson, E. Reeder, D. D. Savin, A. A. Smith, W. H. Wolfe, H. Bhadra, S. Catterall, C. D. Cui, Y. Hartner, G. Menary, S. Noor, U. Standage, J. Whyte, J. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of charm and beauty production in deep inelastic ep scattering from decays into muons at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; PHYSICS EVENT GENERATION; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; H1 VERTEX DETECTOR; HADRON-COLLISIONS; REAR CALORIMETER; CROSS-SECTIONS; D-ASTERISK; DESIGN AB The production of charm and beauty quarks in ep interactions has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA for squared four-momentum exchange Q(2) > 20 GeV2, using an integrated luminosity of 126 pb(-1). Charm and beauty quarks were identified through their decays into muons. Differential cross sections were measured for muon transverse momenta p(T)(mu) > 1.5 GeV and pseudorapidities - 1.6 < eta(mu) < 2.3, as a function of p(T)(mu), eta(mu), Q(2) and Bjorken x. The charm and beauty contributions to the proton structure function F-2 were also extracted. The results agree with previous measurements based on independent techniques and are well described by QCD predictions. C1 [Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Nicholass, D.; Repond, J.; Yoshida, R.; Zeuner, W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mattingly, M. C. K.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Cindolo, F.; Corradi, M.; Iacobucci, G.; Margotti, A.; Nania, R.; Polini, A.; Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bartsch, D.; Brock, I.; Hartmann, H.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H. -P.; Juengst, M.; Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E.; Paul, E.; Samson, U.; Schoenberg, V.; Shehzadi, R.; Wlasenko, M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Brook, N. H.; Heath, G. P.; Morris, J. D.; Zarnecki, A. F.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol, Avon, England. [Kaur, M.; Kaur, P.; Singh, I.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Kim, J. Y.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. [Ibrahim, Z. A.; Idris, F. Mohamad; Kamaluddin, B.; Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan] Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Ning, Y.; Ren, Z.; Sciulli, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10027 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Eskreys, A.; Figiel, J.; Galas, A.; Olkiewicz, K.; Pawlik, B.; Stopa, P.; Zawiejski, L.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Adamczyk, L.; Bold, T.; Grabowska-Bold, I.; Kisielewska, D.; Lukasik, J.; Przybycien, M.; Suszycki, L.; Szuba, J.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. [Kotanski, A.; Slominski, W.] Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Behnke, O.; Behr, J.; Behrens, U.; Blohm, C.; Borras, K.; Bot, D.; Ciesielski, R.; Coppola, N.; Fang, S.; Geiser, A.; Goettlicher, P.; Grebenyuk, J.; Gregor, I.; Haas, T.; Hain, W.; Huettmann, A.; Januschek, F.; Kahle, B.; Katkov, I. I.; Klein, U.; Koetz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Loehr, B.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A.; Miglioranzi, S.; Montanari, A.; Namsoo, T.; Notz, D.; Parenti, A.; Roloff, P.; Rubinsky, I.; Schneekloth, U.; Spiridonov, A.; Szuba, D.; Szuba, J.; Theedt, T.; Tomaszewska, J.; Wolf, G.; Wrona, K.; Yaguees-Molina, A. G.; Youngman, C.; Zeuner, W.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Drugakov, V.; Lohmann, W.; Schlenstedt, S.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. [Barbagli, G.; Gallo, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Pelfer, P. G.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Bamberger, A.; Dobur, D.; Karstens, F.; Vlasov, N. N.] Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. [Bussey, P. J.; Doyle, A. T.; Forrest, M.; Saxon, D. H.; Skillicorn, I. O.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Gialas, I.; Papageorgiu, K.] Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Aegean, Greece. [Holm, U.; Klanner, R.; Lohrmann, E.; Perrey, H.; Schleper, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Sztuk, J.; Stadie, H.; Turcato, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Foudas, C.; Fry, C.; Long, K. R.; Tapper, A. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. [Matsumoto, T.; Nagano, K.; Tokushuku, K.; Yamada, S.; Yamazaki, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Barakbaev, A. N.; Boos, E. G.; Pokrovskiy, N. S.; Zhautykov, B. O.] Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Aushev, V.; Bachynska, O.; Borodin, M.; Kadenko, I.; Kuprash, O.; Libov, V.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Sorokin, Iu.; Verbytskyi, A.; Volynets, O.; Zolko, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. [Aushev, V.; Bachynska, O.; Borodin, M.; Kadenko, I.; Kuprash, O.; Libov, V.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Sorokin, Iu.; Verbytskyi, A.; Volynets, O.; Zolko, M.] Kiev Natl Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. [Son, D.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. [de Favereau, J.; Piotrzkowski, K.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. [Barreiro, F.; Glasman, C.; Jimenez, M.; del Peso, J.; Ron, E.; Terron, J.; Uribe-Estrada, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. [Corriveau, F.; Schwartz, J.; Zhou, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Tsurugai, T.] Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Antonov, A.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Gladkov, D.; Sosnovtsev, V.; Stifutkin, A.; Suchkov, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Dementiev, R. K.; Ermolov, P. F.; Gladilin, L. K.; Golubkov, Yu. A.; Khein, L. A.; Korzhavina, I. A.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Levchenko, B. B.; Lukina, O. Yu.; Proskuryakov, A. S.; Shcheglova, L. M.; Zotkin, D. S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Abt, I.; Caldwell, A.; Kollar, D.; Reisert, B.; Schmidke, W. B.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Munich, Germany. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffeman, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] NIKHEF & Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bruemmer, N.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Lee, A.; Ling, T. Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Allfrey, P. D.; Bell, M. A.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R. C. E.; Ferrando, J.; Foster, B.; Gwenlan, C.; Horton, K.; Oliver, K.; Robertson, A.; Walczak, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Bertolin, A.; Dal Corso, F.; Dusini, S.; Longhin, A.; Stanco, L.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Oh, B. Y.; Raval, A.; Whitmore, J. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Iga, Y.] Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Cole, J. E.; Hart, J. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Abramowicz, H.; Ingbir, R.; Kananov, S.; Levy, A.; Stern, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kuze, M.; Maeda, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Hori, R.; Kagawa, S.; Okazaki, N.; Shimizu, S.; Tawara, T.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Hamatsu, R.; Kaji, H.; Kitamura, S.; Ota, O.; Ri, Y. D.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.; Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. [Fourletov, S.; Martin, J. F.; Stewart, T. P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Boutle, S. K.; Butterworth, J. M.; Jones, T. W.; Loizides, J. H.; Wing, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Brzozowska, B.; Ciborowski, J.; Grzelak, G.; Kulinski, P.; Luzniak, P.; Malka, J.; Nowak, R. J.; Pawlak, J. M.; Perlanski, W.; Zarnecki, A. F.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Adamus, M.; Plucinski, P.] Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Eisenberg, Y.; Hochman, D.; Karshon, U.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Brownson, E.; Reeder, D. D.; Savin, A. A.; Smith, W. H.; Wolfe, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bhadra, S.; Catterall, C. D.; Cui, Y.; Hartner, G.; Menary, S.; Noor, U.; Standage, J.; Whyte, J.] York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Kaur, P.; Singh, I.; Abramowicz, H.] Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. [Spiridonov, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Szuba, D.] INP, Krakow, Poland. [Ciborowski, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. RP Chekanov, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM tobias.haas@desy.de RI Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; WAN ABDULLAH, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN/B-5439-2010; Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Longhin, Andrea/0000-0001-9103-9936; Raval, Amita/0000-0003-0164-4337 NR 68 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1193-x PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 534QR UT WOS:000272912700003 ER PT J AU Aamodt, K Abel, N Abeysekara, U Quintana, AA Acero, A Adamova, D Aggarwal, MM Rinella, GA Agocs, AG Salazar, SA Ahammed, Z Ahmad, A Ahmad, N Ahn, SU Akimoto, R Akindinov, A Aleksandrov, D Alessandro, B Molina, RA Alici, A Avina, EA Alme, J Alt, T Altini, V Altinpinar, S Andrei, C Andronic, A Anelli, G Angelov, V Anson, C Anticic, T Antinori, F Antinori, S Antipin, K Antonczyk, D Antonioli, P Anzo, A Aphecetche, L Appelshauser, H Arcelli, S Arceo, R Arend, A Armesto, N Arnaldi, R Aronsson, T Arsene, IC Asryan, A Augustinus, A Averbeck, R Awes, TC Aysto, J Azmi, MD Bablok, S Bach, M Badala, A Baek, YW Bagnasco, S Bailhache, R Bala, R Baldisseri, A Baldit, A Ban, J Barbera, R Barnafoldi, GG Barnby, L Barret, V Bartke, J Barile, F Basile, M Basmanov, V Bastid, N Bathen, B Batigne, G Batyunya, B Baumann, C Bearden, I Becker, B 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A Dobrowolski, T Donigus, B Dominguez, I Don, DMM Dordic, O Dubey, AK Dubuisson, J Ducroux, L Dupieux, P Majumdar, AKD Majumdar, MRD Elia, D Emschermann, D Enokizono, A Espagnon, B Estienne, M Evans, D Evrard, S Eyyubova, G Fabjan, CW Fabris, D Faivre, J Falchieri, D Fantoni, A Fasel, M Fearick, R Fedunov, A Fehlker, D Fekete, V Felea, D Fenton-Olsen, B Feofilov, G Tellez, AF Ferreiro, EG Ferretti, A Ferretti, R Figueredo, MAS Filchagin, S Fini, R Fionda, FM Fiore, EM Floris, M Fodor, Z Foertsch, S Foka, P Fokin, S Formenti, F Fragiacomo, E Fragkiadakis, M Frankenfeld, U Frolov, A Fuchs, U Furano, F Furget, C Girard, MF Gaardhoje, JJ Gadrat, S Gagliardi, M Gago, A Gallio, M Ganoti, P Ganti, MS Garabatos, C Trapaga, CG Gebelein, J Gemme, R Germain, M Gheata, A Gheata, M Ghidini, B Ghosh, P Giraudo, G Giubellino, P Gladysz-Dziadus, E Glasow, R Glassel, P Glenn, A Gomez, R Santos, HG Gonzalez-Trueba, LH Gonzalez-Zamora, P Gorbunov, S Gorbunov, Y Gotovac, S Gottschlag, H Grabski, V 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CA ALICE Collaboration TI First proton-proton collisions at the LHC as observed with the ALICE detector: measurement of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density at root s=900 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DUAL-PARTON MODEL; QUARK-GLUON STRINGS; HIGH-ENERGIES; MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS; MULTIHADRON PRODUCTION; HADRON INTERACTIONS; PP INTERACTIONS; CM ENERGIES; 0.9 TEV; PHYSICS AB On 23rd November 2009, during the early commissioning of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two counter-rotating proton bunches were circulated for the first time concurrently in the machine, at the LHC injection energy of 450 GeV per beam. Although the proton intensity was very low, with only one pilot bunch per beam, and no systematic attempt was made to optimize the collision optics, all LHC experiments reported a number of collision candidates. In the ALICE experiment, the collision region was centred very well in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and 284 events were recorded in coincidence with the two passing proton bunches. The events were immediately reconstructed and analyzed both online and offline. We have used these events to measure the pseudorapidity density of charged primary particles in the central region. In the range vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.5, we obtain dN(ch)/d eta = 3.10 +/- 0.13(stat.) +/- 0.22(syst.) for all inelastic interactions, and dN(ch)/d eta = 3.51 +/- 0.15(stat.) +/- 0.25(syst.) for nonsingle diffractive interactions. These results are consistent with previous measurements in proton-antiproton interactions at the same centre-of-mass energy at the CERN Sp<(p)over bar>S collider. They also illustrate the excellent functioning and rapid progress of the LHC accelerator, and of both the hardware and software of the ALICE experiment, in this early start-up phase. 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[Braun-Munzinger, P.; Kalweit, A.; Kraus, I.; Mager, M.; Oeschler, H.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, Darmstadt, Germany. [Bellwied, R.; Cormier, T. M.; Mlynarz, J.; Pavlinov, A.; Pruneau, C. A.; Voloshin, S.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Batyunya, B.; Fedunov, A.; Jancurova, L.; Kutouski, M.; Nomokonov, P.; Pocheptsov, T.; Shabratova, G.; Vala, M.; Vodopianov, A.; Zanevsky, Yu.; Zaporozhets, S.; Zinchenko, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bach, M.; Hutter, D.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Frankfurt Inst Adv Studies, Frankfurt, Germany. [Antipin, K.; Antonczyk, D.; Appelshaeuser, H.; Arend, A.; Blume, C.; Buesching, H.; Hartig, M.; Kliemant, M.; Kniege, S.; Kramer, F.; Lehnert, J.; Vargas, H. Leon; Pitz, N.; Renfordt, R.; Schuchmann, S.; Sommer, W.; Stock, R.; Ulery, J.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-6000 Frankfurt, Germany. [Bianchi, N.; Capitani, G. P.; Diaz, A. Casanova; Balbastre, G. Conesa; Cunqueiro, L.; Di Nezza, P.; Fantoni, A.; Hasch, D.; Muccifora, V.; Reolon, A. R.; Ronchetti, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Berdnikov, Y.; Ivanov, V.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kryshen, E.; Malaev, M.; Miftakhov, N.; Nikulin, V.; Polyakov, V.; Samsonov, V.; Zalite, A.; Zhalov, M.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Rinella, G. Aglieri; Anelli, G.; Antinori, F.; Augustinus, A.; Betev, L.; Boccioli, M.; Bruckner, G.; Brun, R.; Buncic, P.; Campbell, M.; Roman, V. Canoa; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carminati, F.; Caselle, M.; Cavicchioli, C.; Chapeland, S.; Cheshkov, C.; Barroso, V. Chibante; Chochula, P.; Colla, A.; Costa, F.; de Cataldo, G.; de Groot, J.; Di Mauro, A.; Divia, R.; Dubuisson, J.; Evrard, S.; Fabjan, C. W.; Formenti, F.; Fuchs, U.; Furano, F.; Gheata, A.; Gheata, M.; Grigoras, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Hristov, P.; Innocenti, P. G.; Jachokowski, A.; Jirden, L.; Kapusta, S.; Kirsch, S.; Klein-Boesing, C.; Kluge, A.; Lackner, F.; Leistam, L.; Lippmann, C.; Lohn, S.; Makhlyueva, I.; Manzari, V.; Martinengo, P.; Lorenzo, P. Mendez; Meoni, M.; Morsch, A.; Mueller, H.; Musa, L.; Oldenburg, M.; Osmic, F.; Perini, D.; Peters, A. J.; Piuz, F.; Quercigh, E.; Rademakers, A.; Revol, J. -P.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Rohrich, D.; Rosinsky, P.; Rossegger, S.; Roukoutakis, F.; Safarik, K.; Saiz, P.; da Silva, R. Salgueiro Dominques; Schindler, H.; Schreiner, S.; Schukraft, J.; Shahoyan, R.; Sicking, E.; Soos, C.; Stefanini, G.; Swoboda, D.; Tadel, M.; Taureg, H.; Tauro, A.; Tavlet, M.; Telesca, A.; Toia, A.; de Matos, C. Torcato; Tydesjoe, H.; Vyvre, P. Vande; von Haller, B.; Wallet, L.; Zampolli, C.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Faivre, J.; Furget, C.; Gadrat, S.; Guernane, R.; Kox, S.; Real, J.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Polytech Grenoble,LPSC, Grenoble, France. [Abrahantes Quintana, A.; Lopez Torres, E.; Shtejer, K.] CEADEN, Havana, Cuba. [Abel, N.; Alt, T.; Angelov, V.; Boettger, S.; Breitner, T.; de Cuveland, J.; Gebelein, J.; Gorbunov, S.; Kalcher, S.; Kebschull, U.; Kisel, I.; Lara, C.; Lindenstruth, V.; Painke, F.; Panse, R.; Peschek, J.; Rettig, F.; Steinbeck, T.; Thaeder, J.; Torralba, G.; Troeger, G.; Vassiliev, I.; Zelnicek, P.] Heidelberg Univ, Kirchhoff Inst Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Busch, O.; Constantin, P.; de Gaspari, M.; Emschermann, D.; Glaessel, P.; Grajcarek, R.; Herrmann, N.; Klein, J.; Koch, K.; Krumbhorn, D.; Kweon, M. J.; Perez, J. Mercado; Oyama, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Radomski, S.; Rusanov, I.; Schicker, R.; Schweda, K.; Soltveit, H. K.; Stachel, J.; Tsiledakis, G.; Vallero, S.; Wang, Y.; Wiechula, J.; Windelband, B.; Yang, H.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Chuman, F.; Hiei, A.; Horaguchi, T.; Iwasaki, T.; Maruyama, Y.; Mizoguchi, K.; Okada, Y.; Shigaki, K.; Sugitate, T.; Torii, H.] Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan. [Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.] Univ Rajasthan, Dept Phys, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. [Bhasin, A.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Lal, C.; Mahajan, A.; Mangotra, L.; Potukuchi, B.; Sambyal, S.; Sharma, S.; Singh, R.] Univ Jammu, Dept Phys, Jammu 180004, India. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] HIP, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Aysto, J.; Bondila, M.; Diaz, R.; Kalliokoski, T.; Kim, D. J.; Malkiewicz, T.; Novitzky, N.; Oinonen, M.; Raiha, T. S.; Rak, J.; Rasanen, S.; Sarkamo, J.; Trzaska, W. H.] Univ Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland. [Ahn, S. U.; Baek, Y. W.; Jung, H.; Jung, W.; Kang, E.; Kim, D. S.; Kim, D. W.; Kim, H. N.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. C.; Seo, J.] Kangnung Natl Univ, Kangnung, South Korea. [Borshchov, V.; Listratenko, O.] Sci Res Technol Inst Instrument Engn, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bugaev, K.; Grinyov, B.; Zinovjev, G.; Zinovjev, M.] Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, Kiev, Ukraine. [Hamblen, J.; Martashvili, I.; Read, K. F.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bose, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Majumdar, A. K. Dutta; Pal, S.; Roy, P.; Sinha, T.] Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Kolkata, India. [Ahammed, Z.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Dubey, A. K.; Majumdar, M. R. Dutta; Ganti, M. S.; Ghosh, P.; Khan, S. A.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Muhuri, S.; Nayak, T. K.; Pal, S. K.; Prasad, S. K.; Saini, J.; Samanta, T.; Singaraju, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, B. C.; Tribedy, P.] Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Kolkata, India. [Krawutschke, T.] Fachhsch Koln, Cologne, Germany. [Kravcakova, A.; Putis, M.; Urban, J.; Vrlakova, J.] Safarik Univ, Fac Sci, Kosice, Slovakia. [Ban, J.; Kalinak, P.; Kralik, I.; Pastircak, B.; Sandor, L.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Phys, Kosice 04353, Slovakia. [Dainese, A.; Ricci, R. A.; Vannucci, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Glenn, A.; Newby, J.; Soltz, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Christiansen, P.; Dobrin, A.; Gros, P.; Gustafsson, H. -A.; Oskarsson, A.; Osterman, L.; Otterlund, I.; Stenlund, E.] Lund Univ, Div Expt High Energy Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Cheynis, B.; Ducroux, L.; Grossiord, J. -Y.; Massacrier, L.; Nendaz, F.; Tieulent, R.; Zoccarato, Y.] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, IN2P3, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, F-69365 Lyon, France. [Acero, A.; Blanco, F.; Cotallo, M. E.; Gonzalez-Zamora, P.; Ladro de Guevara, P.; Montes, E.; Rubio-Montero, A. J.; Serradilla, E.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Camacho, E.; Contreras, J. G.; Crescio, E.; Gago, A.; Herrera Corral, G.; Montano Zetina, L.; Perez, C.; Ramirez Reyes, A.; Zepeda, A.] CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Cuautle, E.; Diaz, L.; Dominguez, I.; Maldonado Cervantes, I.; Mayani, D.; Ortiz Velazquez, A.; Paic, G.; Peskov, V.; Serkin, L.; Sokolov, O.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Aguilar Salazar, S.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Almaraz Avina, E.; Anzo, A.; Arceo, R.; Belmont-Moreno, E.; Gonzalez-Trueba, L. H.; Grabski, V.; Leon, H.; Martinez Davalos, A.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Sandoval, A.; Valencia Palomo, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Guber, F.; Karavicheva, T.; Karpechev, E.; Konevskih, A.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. N.; Maevskaya, A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Reshetin, A.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Akindinov, A.; Kaidalov, A. B.; Kiselev, S.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Nedosekin, A.; Polozov, P.; Sharkov, G.; Vetlitskiy, I.; Voloshin, K.; Zagreev, B.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Bogdanov, A.; Grigoriev, V.; Kaplin, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Loginov, V.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Aleksandrov, D.; Blau, D.; Dobretsov, V.; Fokin, S.; Ippolitov, M.; Kazantsev, A.; Kozlov, K.; Kucheriaev, Y.; Manko, V.; Moukhanova, T.; Nianine, A.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Peressounko, D.; Ryabinkin, E.; Sibiriak, Y.; Vasiliev, A.; Vinogradov, A.; Yasnopolsky, A.; Yushmanov, I.] Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Jena, S.; Nandi, B. K.; Nyatha, A.; Pujahari, P.; Varma, R.] Indian Inst Technol, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Bathen, B.; Baumann, C.; Dietel, T.; Glasow, R.; Gottschlag, H.; Heide, M.; Rammler, M.; Reygers, K.; Santo, R.; Wessels, J.; Wilk, A.] Univ Munster, Inst Kernphys, D-4400 Munster, Germany. [Aphecetche, L.; Batigne, G.; Benhabib, L.; Bourdaud, G.; del Valle, Z. Conesa; Cussonneau, J.; Delagrange, H.; Dialinas, M.; Estienne, M.; Germain, M.; Ichou, R.; Le Bris, N.; Lefevre, F.; Lenhardt, M.; Luquin, L.; Garcia, G. Martinez; Pillot, P.; Roy, C.; Schutz, Y.; Tournaire, A.; Yermia, F.] Univ Nantes, CNRS, IN2P3, Ecole Mines Nantes,SUBATECH, Nantes, France. [Aronsson, T.; Bruna, E.; Caines, H.; Harris, J. W.; Heinz, M.; Hicks, B.; Ma, R.; Putschke, J.; Smirnov, N.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. [Frolov, A.; Pestov, Y.] Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Awes, T. C.; Enokizono, A.; Silvermyr, D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bimbot, L.; Boyer, B.; Chambert, V.; Charpy, A.; Espagnon, B.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hrivnacova, I.; Lafage, V.; Le Bornec, Y.; Noriega, M. Lopez; Malek, M.; Peyre, J.; Pouthas, J.; Rousseau, S.; Suire, C.; Takaki, J. D. Tapia; Willis, N.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Fabris, D.; Lunardon, M.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Viesti, G.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Bianchin, C.; Bombonati, C.; Bortolin, C.; Caffarri, D.; Fabris, D.; Grosso, R.; Lunardon, M.; Morando, M.; Moretto, S.; Pepato, A.; Sahoo, R.; Scarlassara, F.; Segato, G.; Soramel, F.; Turrisi, R.; Viesti, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Bielcik, J.; Kral, J.; Krus, M.; Pachr, M.; Petracek, V.; Pospisil, V.; Smakal, R.; Tlusty, D.; Wagner, V.; Zychacek, V.] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, CR-11519 Prague, Czech Republic. [Mares, J.; Polak, K.; Zavada, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bogolyubsky, M.; Kharlov, Y.; Kim, J.; Polichtchouk, B.; Sadovsky, S.; Soloviev, A.; Stolpovsky, P.; Zenin, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Cortes Maldonado, I.; Fernandez Tellez, A.; Gonzalez Santos, H.; Lopez-Ramirez, R.; Martinez, M. I.; Munoz, J.; Rodriguez Cahuantzi, M.; Roman Lopez, S.; Tejeda Munoz, G.; Vargas, A.; Vergara, S.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Choi, K.; Lee, H.; Son, C. W.; Yi, J.; Yoo, I. -K.] Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 609735, South Korea. [Adamova, D.; Bielcikova, J.; Kapitan, J.; Kushpil, S.; Kushpil, V.; Sumbera, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Meddi, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Di Liberto, S.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Urciuoli, G. M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [Baldisseri, A.; Borel, H.; Castellanos, J. Castillo; Hernandez, J. F. Castillo; Charvet, J. L.; Orsini, F.; Pereira, H.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Staley, F.] IRFU, Commissariat Energie Atom, Saclay, France. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Girard, M. Fusco; Guarnaccia, C.; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. [De Caro, A.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; Girard, M. Fusco; Guarnaccia, C.; Pagano, P.; Russo, G.; Virgili, T.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Salerno, Italy. [Klay, J. L.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. [Armesto, N.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Pajares, C.; Salgado, C. A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Dept Fis Particulas & IGFAE, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [de Barros, G. O. V.; Deppman, A.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Feijo Soares, A. Lozea; Munhoz, M. G.; Suaide, A. A. P.; de Toledo, A. Szanto] Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Basmanov, V.; Budnikov, D.; Demanov, V.; Filchagin, S.; Ilkaev, R.; Kuryakin, A.; Mamonov, A.; Nazarenko, S.; Nazarov, G.; Punin, A.; Punin, V.; Tumkin, A.; Vikhlyantsev, O.; Vinogradov, Y.] Russian Fed Nucl Ctr VNIIEF, Sarov, Russia. [Han, B. H.; Hwang, D. S.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, S.; Son, H. S.] Sejong Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul, South Korea. [Bohm, J.; Chang, B.; Kang, J. H.; Kim, M.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, Y.; Song, M.] Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Gotovac, S.; Mudnic, E.; Vickovic, L.] Tech Univ Split FESB, Split, Croatia. [Asryan, A.; Braun, M.; Derkach, D.; Feofilov, G.; Ivanov, A.; Kolojvari, A.; Kondratiev, V.; Ochirov, A.; Semenov, D.; Vechernin, V.; Vinogradov, L.; Zarochentsev, A.] St Petersburg State Univ, V Fock Inst Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. [Belikov, I.; Coffin, J. -P.; Hippolyte, B.; Jangal, S.; Kuhn, C.; Lutz, J. -R.; Maire, A.; Michalon, A.; Ricaud, H.] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS, IN2P3, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. [Akimoto, R.; Gunji, T.; Hamagaki, H.; Hori, Y.; Okada, K.; Ozawa, K.; Sano, S.; Takahara, A.; Tsuji, T.] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bossu, F.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Morales, Y. Corrales; Ferretti, A.; Gagliardi, M.; Gallio, M.; Trapaga, C. Garcia; Luparello, G.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Ortona, G.; Padilla, F.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Vasquez, M. A. Subieta; Vercellin, E.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. [Alessandro, B.; Arnaldi, R.; Bagnasco, S.; Bala, R.; Beole, S.; Bianchi, L.; Biolcati, E.; Bossu, F.; Cerello, P.; Chiavassa, E.; Cobanoglu, O.; Coli, S.; Morales, Y. Corrales; De Marco, N.; Ferretti, A.; Gagliardi, M.; Gallio, M.; Trapaga, C. Garcia; Giraudo, G.; Giubellino, P.; Luparello, G.; Chiesa, A. Marzari; Masera, M.; Mazza, G.; Mereu, P.; Monteno, M.; Musso, A.; Oppedisano, C.; Ortona, G.; Padilla, F.; Piccotti, A.; Poggio, F.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Prino, F.; Riccati, L.; Rivetti, A.; Scomparin, E.; Siciliano, M.; Stocco, D.; Vasquez, M. A. Subieta; Toscano, L.; Tosello, F.; Vercellin, E.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. [Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Venaruzzo, M.] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, Trieste, Italy. [Bosisio, L.; Bregant, M.; Camerini, P.; Cattaruzza, E.; Contin, G.; Fragiacomo, E.; Grion, N.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Piano, S.; Rachevski, A.; Rashevskaya, I.; Rossi, A.; Rui, R.; Vacchi, A.; Venaruzzo, M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. [Chujo, T.; Miake, Y.; Sakata, D.; Sano, M.; Shimomura, M.; Tanabe, R.; Watanabe, K.; Yokoyama, H.] Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Chojnacki, M.; Christakoglou, P.; de Haas, A. P.; de Rooij, R.; Grelli, A.; Ivan, C.; Kamermans, R.; Mischke, A.; Nooren, G.; Oskamp, C.; Peitzmann, T.; Simili, E.; van den Brink, A.; van Leeuwen, M.; Verweij, M.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Subatom Phys, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Deloff, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Ilkiv, I.; Kurashvili, P.; Redlich, K.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Stefanek, G.; Wilk, G.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Kikola, D.; Kupczak, R.; Oleniacz, J.; Ostrowski, P.; Pawlak, T.; Peryt, W.; Pluta, J.; Szuba, M.; Traczyk, T.; Zbroszczyk, H.] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. [Scharenberg, R. P.; Srivastava, B. K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Conner, E. S.; Keidel, R.] Fachhsch Worms, ZTT, Worms, Germany. [Cai, X.; Ding, H.; Ma, K.; Mao, Y.; Wan, R.; Wang, D.; Wang, Y.; Xu, C.; Yang, C.; Yin, Z.; Yuan, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, D.; Zhu, J.] Hua Zhong Normal Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Grigoryan, A.; Gulkanyan, H.; Harutyunyan, A.; Hayrapetyan, A.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Anticic, T.; Nikolic, V.; Susa, T.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb, Croatia. RP Aamodt, K (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. EM Jurgen.Schukraft@cern.ch RI Vinogradov, Leonid/K-3047-2013; van der Kolk, Naomi/M-9423-2016; Deppman, Airton/J-5787-2014; Zagreev, Boris/R-6460-2016; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; Ferreiro, Elena/C-3797-2017; Armesto, Nestor/C-4341-2017; Ferretti, Alessandro/F-4856-2013; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/E-9700-2017; Vickovic, Linda/F-3517-2017; HAMAGAKI, HIDEKI/G-4899-2014; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/I-6826-2013; Vechernin, Vladimir/J-5832-2013; Adamova, Dagmar/G-9789-2014; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; de Cuveland, Jan/H-6454-2016; Kutouski, Mikalai/I-1555-2016; Kurepin, Alexey/H-4852-2013; Jena, Satyajit/P-2409-2015; Akindinov, Alexander/J-2674-2016; Suaide, Alexandre/L-6239-2016; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/F-3498-2013; Wagner, Vladimir/G-5650-2014; Bielcikova, Jana/G-9342-2014; Blau, Dmitry/H-4523-2012; Yang, Hongyan/J-9826-2014; Cosentino, Mauro/L-2418-2014; Vacchi, Andrea/C-1291-2010; Bearden, Ian/M-4504-2014; Sumbera, Michal/O-7497-2014; Kharlov, Yuri/D-2700-2015; Usai, Gianluca/E-9604-2015; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015; feofilov, grigory/A-2549-2013; Traczyk, Tomasz/C-1310-2013; Colla, Alberto/J-4694-2012; Ramello, Luciano/F-9357-2013; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/G-8915-2013; Voloshin, Sergei/I-4122-2013; Zarochentsev, Andrey/J-6253-2013; Kondratiev, Valery/J-8574-2013; Barnafoldi, Gergely Gabor/L-3486-2013; Guarnaccia, Claudio/N-3000-2013; Levai, Peter/A-1544-2014; Guber, Fedor/I-4271-2013; Chinellato, David/D-3092-2012; Barbera, Roberto/G-5805-2012; Cortese, Pietro/G-6754-2012; SCAPPARONE, EUGENIO/H-1805-2012; Masera, Massimo/J-4313-2012; Bagnasco, Stefano/J-4324-2012; Gagliardi, Martino/J-4787-2012; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/I-8010-2012; beole', stefania/G-9353-2012; Turrisi, Rosario/H-4933-2012; Bregant, Marco/I-7663-2012; Christensen, Christian/D-6461-2012; Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Takahashi, Jun/B-2946-2012; Deppman, Airton/F-6332-2010; Felea, Daniel/C-1885-2012; Pshenichnov, Igor/A-4063-2008; Sevcenco, Adrian/C-1832-2012; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/F-4083-2010; Christensen, Christian Holm/A-4901-2010; Haiduc, Maria /C-5003-2011; Valdiviesso, Gustavo/G-3404-2011; Mitu, Ciprian/E-6733-2011; Barnby, Lee/G-2135-2010; Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011 OI Gago Medina, Alberto Martin/0000-0002-0019-9692; Bhasin, Anju/0000-0002-3687-8179; Vinogradov, Leonid/0000-0001-9247-6230; Riggi, Francesco/0000-0002-0030-8377; Dainese, Andrea/0000-0002-2166-1874; Paticchio, Vincenzo/0000-0002-2916-1671; Monteno, Marco/0000-0002-3521-6333; SANTORO, ROMUALDO/0000-0002-4360-4600; Scarlassara, Fernando/0000-0002-4663-8216; Turrisi, Rosario/0000-0002-5272-337X; Tosello, Flavio/0000-0003-4602-1985; Beole', Stefania/0000-0003-4673-8038; Mohanty, Bedangadas/0000-0001-9610-2914; van der Kolk, Naomi/0000-0002-8670-0408; Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363; Ferreiro, Elena/0000-0002-4449-2356; Armesto, Nestor/0000-0003-0940-0783; Ferretti, Alessandro/0000-0001-9084-5784; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Fernandez Tellez, Arturo/0000-0003-0152-4220; Vickovic, Linda/0000-0002-9820-7960; D'Erasmo, Ginevra/0000-0003-3407-6962; BRAUN, MIKHAIL/0000-0001-7398-7801; Vechernin, Vladimir/0000-0003-1458-8055; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; de Cuveland, Jan/0000-0003-0455-1398; Kutouski, Mikalai/0000-0002-2920-8775; Kurepin, Alexey/0000-0002-1851-4136; Jena, Satyajit/0000-0002-6220-6982; Akindinov, Alexander/0000-0002-7388-3022; Suaide, Alexandre/0000-0003-2847-6556; Martinez Davalos, Arnulfo/0000-0002-9481-9548; Cosentino, Mauro/0000-0002-7880-8611; Vacchi, Andrea/0000-0003-3855-5856; Bearden, Ian/0000-0003-2784-3094; Sumbera, Michal/0000-0002-0639-7323; Usai, Gianluca/0000-0002-8659-8378; Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758; feofilov, grigory/0000-0003-3700-8623; Traczyk, Tomasz/0000-0002-6602-4094; Castillo Castellanos, Javier/0000-0002-5187-2779; Zarochentsev, Andrey/0000-0002-3502-8084; Kondratiev, Valery/0000-0002-0031-0741; Guarnaccia, Claudio/0000-0002-4014-0679; Guber, Fedor/0000-0001-8790-3218; Chinellato, David/0000-0002-9982-9577; Barbera, Roberto/0000-0001-5971-6415; Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca/0000-0002-9611-3696; Christensen, Christian/0000-0002-1850-0121; Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Takahashi, Jun/0000-0002-4091-1779; Deppman, Airton/0000-0001-9179-6363; Felea, Daniel/0000-0002-3734-9439; Pshenichnov, Igor/0000-0003-1752-4524; Sevcenco, Adrian/0000-0002-4151-1056; Martinez Hernandez, Mario Ivan/0000-0002-8503-3009; Christensen, Christian Holm/0000-0002-1850-0121; Valdiviesso, Gustavo/0000-0002-0381-3619; Barnby, Lee/0000-0001-7357-9904; FU Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projeto (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Chinese Ministry of Education (CMOE); Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC); Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic; Danish National Science Research Council; Carlsberg Foundation; The European Research Council; Helsinki Institute of Physics; Academy of Finland; French CNRS [CNRS-IN2P3]; 'Region Pays de Loire', 'Region Alsace', 'Region Auvergne'; CEA, France; German BMBF; Helmholtz Association; Hungarian OTKA; National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH); Department of Atomic Energy; Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) of Italy; MEXT, Japan; Joint Institute; Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS); CONACYT, DGAPA, Mexico; ALFA-EC and the HELEN Program; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM); Nederlandse Organistie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; Research Council of Norway (NFR); Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; National Authority for Scientific Research-NASR; Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, International Science and Technology Center; Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy; Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations; CERN-INTAS; Ministry of Education of Slovakia; CIEMAT, EELA; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain; Xunta de Galicia; CEADEN, Cubaenergia, Cuba; IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency); Swedish Research Council; Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science; United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); The United States Department of Energy; United States National Science Foundation; State of Texas; State of Ohio FX The ALICE collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment. We would like to thank and congratulate the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex at start up, and for providing us with the collisions used for this paper on such a short notice!; The ALICE collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector:; - Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation from Lisbon and Swiss Fonds Kidagan, Armenia;; - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projeto (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP);; - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Chinese Ministry of Education (CMOE) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC);; - Ministry of Education and Youth of the Czech Republic;; - Danish National Science Research Council and the Carlsberg Foundation; - The European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme; - Helsinki Institute of Physics and the Academy of Finland; - French CNRS-IN2P3, the 'Region Pays de Loire', 'Region Alsace', 'Region Auvergne' and CEA, France;; - German BMBF and the Helmholtz Association;; - Hungarian OTKA and National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH);; - Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India;; - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) of Italy;; - MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research, Japan;; - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna;; - Korea Foundation for International Cooperation of Science and Technology (KICOS);; - CONACYT, DGAPA, Mexico, ALFA-EC and the HELEN Program (High-Energy physics Latin-American-European Network);; - Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM) and the Nederlandse Organistie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands;; - Research Council of Norway (NFR);; - Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; - National Authority for Scientific Research-NASR (Autontatea Nationala pentru Cercetare Stiintifica-ANCS); - Federal Agency of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, International Science and Technology Center, Russian Federal Agency of Atomic Energy, Russian Federal Agency for Science and Innovations and CERN-INTAS;; - Ministry of Education of Slovakia; - CIEMAT, EELA, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia of Spain, Xunta de Galicia (Conselleria de Educacion), CEADEN, Cubaenergia, Cuba, and IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency); - Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW); - Ukraine Ministry of Education and Science; - United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC); - The United States Department of Energy, the United States National Science Foundation, the State of Texas, and the State of Ohio. NR 48 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 4 U2 75 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2010 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 125 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-009-1227-4 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 534QR UT WOS:000272912700006 ER PT J AU Boyce, BL Lilleodden, ET Li, X AF Boyce, B. L. Lilleodden, E. T. Li, X. TI Emerging Methods in Mechanical Behavior SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Boyce, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lilleodden, E. T.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany. [Li, X.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Boyce, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM blboyce@sandia.gov RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 3 EP 3 DI 10.1007/s11340-009-9279-9 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 542FW UT WOS:000273479400001 ER PT J AU Padilla, HA Boyce, BL AF Padilla, H. A., II Boyce, B. L. TI A Review of Fatigue Behavior in Nanocrystalline Metals SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Review DE Fatigue; Nanocrystalline; Alloy; Ultra-fine grained; Failure ID HIGH-PRESSURE TORSION; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; NEAR-SURFACE MICROSTRUCTURES; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED METALS; HALL-PETCH RELATIONSHIP; LASER DEPOSITED NICKEL; PERSISTENT SLIP BANDS; COLD-SPRAYED ALUMINUM; LOW-STRAIN FATIGUE AB Nanocrystalline metals have been shown to exhibit unique mechanical behavior, including break-down in Hall-Petch behavior, suppression of dislocation-mediated plasticity, induction of grain boundary sliding, and induction of mechanical grain coarsening. Early research on the fatigue behavior of nanocrystalline metals shows evidence of improved fatigue resistance compared to traditional microcrystalline metals. In this review, experimental and modeling observations are used to evaluate aspects of cyclic plasticity, microstructural stability, crack initiation processes, and crack propagation processes. In cyclic plasticity studies to date, nanocrystalline metals have exhibited strongly rate-dependent cyclic hardening, suggesting the importance of diffusive deformation mechanisms such as grain-boundary sliding. The cyclic deformation processes have also been shown to cause substantial mechanically-induced grain coarsening reminiscent of coarsening observed during large-strain monotonic deformation of nanocrystalline metals. The crack-initiation process in nanocrystalline metals has been associated with both subsurface internal defects and surface extrusions, although it is unclear how these extrusions form when the grain size is below the scale necessary for persistent slip band formation. Finally, as expected, nanocrystalline metals have very little resistance to crack propagation due to limited plasticity and the lack of crack path tortuosity among other factors. Nevertheless, like bulk metallic glasses, nanocrystalline metals exhibit both ductile fatigue striations and metal-like Paris-law behavior. The review provides both a comprehensive critical survey of existing literature and a summary of key areas for further investigation. C1 [Padilla, H. A., II; Boyce, B. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boyce, BL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, POB 5800,MS0889, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM blboyce@sandia.gov RI Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012 OI Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743 NR 166 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 12 U2 143 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 EI 1741-2765 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 5 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s11340-009-9301-2 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 542FW UT WOS:000273479400002 ER PT J AU Withey, EA Ye, J Minor, AM Kuramoto, S Chrzan, DC Morris, JW AF Withey, E. A. Ye, J. Minor, A. M. Kuramoto, S. Chrzan, D. C. Morris, J. W., Jr. TI Nanomechanical Testing of Gum Metal SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Gum metal; Titanium; Sub-micron pillars; TEM; Compression ID DEFORMATION; ALLOYS AB "Gum Metal" is a newly developed beta-Ti alloy that, in the cold-worked condition, has exceptional elastic elongation and high strength. The available evidence suggests that Gum Metal does not yield until the applied stress approaches the ideal strength, and then deforms by mechanisms that do not involve conventional crystal dislocations. To study its behavior, submicron-sized pillars of solution-treated and cold-worked Gum Metal were compressed in situ in a quantitative compression stage in a transmission electron microscope. Solution-treated specimens and half of the cold-worked specimens exhibited essentially monotonic hardening during compression, but with serrated load-deflection curves that included periodic partial relaxations of the stress. The other cold-worked specimens exhibited pronounced shear instability. These samples deformed by a stick-slip motion along a well-defined shear plane, with a serrated load-deflection curve demonstrating partial stress relaxation at each sliding event. The pattern of deformation is consistent with prior work showing deformation by the formation and growth of shear bands and faults in a matrix that is densely decorated with defects. C1 [Withey, E. A.; Ye, J.; Minor, A. M.; Chrzan, D. C.; Morris, J. W., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ye, J.; Minor, A. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kuramoto, S.] Toyota Cent R&D Labs Inc, Aichi 4801192, Japan. RP Withey, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ewithey@berkeley.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0706554]; Toyota Motor Corporation; U.S. Department of Energy; [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR 0706554 and by Toyota Motor Corporation under a grant to the University of California Berkeley. EW also acknowledges support from NSF through a graduate research fellowship. Research at the National Center for Electron Microscopy was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1007/s11340-008-9210-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 542FW UT WOS:000273479400004 ER PT J AU Kaschner, GC Lovato, ML Stout, MG Proust, G Liu, C Beyerlein, IJ Usov, I Wang, Y Tome, CN AF Kaschner, G. C. Lovato, M. L. Stout, M. G. Proust, G. Liu, C. Beyerlein, I. J. Usov, I. Wang, Y. Tome, C. N. TI Mini-Tensile Experiments of Clock-Rolled Zirconium Plate SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Zirconium; Tensile; Twinning; Deformation; VPSC ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; INTERSTITIAL IMPURITIES; HARDENING EVOLUTION; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; HEXAGONAL MATERIALS; MODELING TEXTURE; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; TITANIUM AB We present our efforts to measure the tensile strength of clock-rolled pure zirconium in the through-thickness (TT) direction of the plate. Although the plate is too thin to produce standard ASTM tensile samples in the TT orientation, such measurements are relevant to benchmarking our constitutive models of hardening and texture evolution. We have designed a fixture and sample to perform tensile tests on our 9 mm thick plate. The sample is a double-ligament mini-tensile sample: 8 x 8 x 1 mm overall; each ligament has a gage section of 1 x 1 x 3 mm. In contrast, our standard "macro" tensile sample is a flat dogbone with a gage section of 3 x 1.5 x 25 mm. We validate our design by comparing the results of mechanical tests performed on samples of both geometries. Although the hardening response is nearly identical, the flow stress of the miniature samples is offset by +25 MPa at the onset of plastic yield. We present our efforts to resolve the origin of this offset. C1 [Kaschner, G. C.; Lovato, M. L.; Stout, M. G.; Proust, G.; Liu, C.; Beyerlein, I. J.; Usov, I.; Wang, Y.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Proust, G.] Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Kaschner, GC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kaschner@lanl.gov RI Proust, Gwenaelle/A-3601-2010; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1007/s11340-009-9224-y PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 542FW UT WOS:000273479400007 ER PT J AU Proust, G Kaschner, GC Beyerlein, IJ Clausen, B Brown, DW McCabe, RJ Tome, CN AF Proust, G. Kaschner, G. C. Beyerlein, I. J. Clausen, B. Brown, D. W. McCabe, R. J. Tome, C. N. TI Detwinning of High-Purity Zirconium: In-Situ Neutron Diffraction Experiments SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Neutron diffraction; Zirconium; Twinning; Texture; Plasticity ID HARDENING EVOLUTION; TEXTURE; DEFORMATION; TEMPERATURE; ZR; ALLOYS AB Twinning is an important deformation mode in hexagonal metals to accommodate deformation along the c-axis. It differs from slip in that it accommodates shear by means of crystallographic reorientation of domains within the grain. Such reorientation has been shown to be reversible (detwinning) in magnesium alloy aggregates. In this paper we perform in-situ neutron diffraction reversal experiments on high-purity Zr at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature, and follow the evolution of twin fraction. The experiments were motivated by previous studies done on clock-rolled Zr, subjected to deformation history changes (direction and temperature), in the quasi-static regime, for temperatures ranging from 76 K to 450 K. We demonstrate here for the first time that detwinning of {10 (1) over bar2} < 10 (11) over bar > tensile twins is favored over the activation of a different twin variant in grains of high-purity polycrystalline Zr. Avisco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model developed previously, which includes combined slip and twin deformation, was used here to simulate the reversal behavior of the material and to interpret the experimental results in terms of slip and twinning activities. C1 [Proust, G.] Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Australian Key Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Proust, G.; Kaschner, G. C.; Beyerlein, I. J.; Clausen, B.; Brown, D. W.; McCabe, R. J.; Tome, C. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Proust, G (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Civil Engn, Australian Key Ctr Microscopy & Microanal, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM g.proust@usyd.edu.au; kaschner@lanl.gov; irene@lanl.gov; clausen@lanl.gov; dbrown@lanl.gov; rmccabe@lanl.gov; tome@lanl.gov RI Proust, Gwenaelle/A-3601-2010; Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013; Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; Kaschner, George/H-4445-2013; OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; McCabe, Rodney /0000-0002-6684-7410 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences [FWP 06SCPE401]; U.S. DOE [W-7405-ENG-36] FX Work at LANL was supported under Office of Basic Energy Sciences Project FWP 06SCPE401 and U.S. DOE Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 50 IS 1 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1007/s11340-008-9213-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 542FW UT WOS:000273479400014 ER PT S AU Stone, KH Stephens, PW AF Stone, Kevin H. Stephens, Peter W. BE Scardi, P Dinnebier, RE TI Robust Refinement as Implemented in TOPAS SO EXTENDING THE REACH OF POWDER DIFFRACTION MODELLING BY USER DEFINED MACROS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Robust Rietveld refinement; unmodeled impurities; iterative reweighting ID POWDER DIFFRACTION AB A robust refinement procedure is implemented in the program TOPAS through an iterative reweighting of the data. Examples are given of the procedure as applied to fitting partially overlapped peaks by full and partial models and also of the structures of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in the presence of unmodeled impurity contributions. C1 [Stone, Kevin H.; Stephens, Peter W.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Stone, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM kstone@lbl.gov; pstephens@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Stone, Kevin/N-9311-2016 OI Stone, Kevin/0000-0003-1387-1510 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 978-0-87849-261-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2010 VL 651 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.651.27 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BPH28 UT WOS:000278844900004 ER PT S AU Anderson, CN Daggett, J Naulleau, PP AF Anderson, Christopher N. Daggett, Joe Naulleau, Patrick P. BE Fontaine, BML TI Corner rounding in EUV photoresist: tuning through molecular weight, PAG size, and development time SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Lithography; EUV; Photoresist; Corner Rounding ID ACID AB In this paper, the corner rounding bias of a commercially available extreme ultraviolet photoresist is monitored as molecular weight, photoacid generator (PAG) size, and development time are varied. These experiments show that PAG size influences corner biasing while molecular weight and development time do not. Large PAGs are shown to exhibit less corner biasing, and in some cases, lower corner rounding, than small PAGs. In addition, heavier resist polymers are shown to exhibit less corner rounding than lighter ones. C1 [Anderson, Christopher N.; Naulleau, Patrick P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anderson, CN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cnanderson@lbl.gov RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 763617 DI 10.1117/12.848362 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400040 ER PT S AU George, SA Naulleau, PP Krishnamoorthy, A Wu, ZY Rutter, EW Kennedy, JT Xie, SY Flanigan, KY Wallow, TI AF George, Simi A. Naulleau, Patrick P. Krishnamoorthy, Ahila Wu, Zeyu Rutter, Edward W., Jr. Kennedy, Joseph T. Xie, Song Yuan Flanigan, Kyle Y. Wallow, Thomas I. BE Fontaine, BML TI Characterization of Line Edge Roughness (LER) Propagation from Resists: Underlayer Interfaces in Ultra-thin Resist Films SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE EUV; resist sidewall; LER; sidewall roughness; inorganic underlayers; ultrathin resists; resist-substrate interface; 3D-SEM ID SIDEWALL ROUGHNESS; LITHOGRAPHY; PHOTORESIST; THICKNESS AB Line edge roughness evolutions in EUV resist patterns are investigated. Three dimensional scanning electron microscopy images show the pattern sidewall roughness to be highly anisotropic and the roughness to be propagating from the resist-substrate interface up the resist pattern sidewall. In ultrathin resist films, (film thickness ca. 100 nm and below) roughness is found to be fully correlated from the resist-substrate interface to the resist-air interface. This behavior is seen regardless of the resist platforms being used. Underlayer stack roughness contributions to the pattern sidewall roughness leading to resist LER were examined and no correlations between the two were found. At the same time, the chemical properties of the underlayer stacks are shown to have strong influences on the resist roughness and process performance. Exact mechanisms behind this are not clearly understood at present. C1 [George, Simi A.; Naulleau, Patrick P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP George, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 763605 DI 10.1117/12.848405 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400005 ER PT S AU George, SA Naulleau, PP Kemp, CD Denham, PE Rekawa, S AF George, Simi A. Naulleau, Patrick P. Kemp, Charles D. Denham, Paul E. Rekawa, Senajith BE Fontaine, BML TI Assessing out-of-band flare effects at the wafer level for EUV lithography SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE EUVL; out-of-band; resists; flare; blur on patterns; aerial image modeling AB To accurately estimate the flare contribution from the out-of-band (OOB), the integration of a DUV source into the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3-NA Micro-field Exposure tool is proposed, enabling precisely controlled exposures along with the EUV patterning of resists in vacuum. First measurements evaluating the impact of bandwidth selected exposures with a table-top set-up and subsequent EUV patterning show significant impact on line-edge roughness and process performance. We outline a simulation-based method for computing the effective flare from resist sensitive wavelengths as a function of mask pattern types and sizes. This simulation method is benchmarked against measured OOB flare measurements and the results obtained are in agreement. C1 [George, Simi A.; Naulleau, Patrick P.; Kemp, Charles D.; Denham, Paul E.; Rekawa, Senajith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP George, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sageorge@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 763626 DI 10.1117/12.847953 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400070 ER PT S AU Masson, G AF Masson, Georgeta BE Fontaine, BML TI Cobalt-Containing Polymers as Patterning Assist Layers in Extreme Ultra-Violet Lithography SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE EUV; lithography; patterning; resolution; sensitivity; RLS trade-off; cobalt; polymers AB This paper communicates the use of cobalt-containing polymers in extreme ultra-violet lithography (EUVL). The polymers were synthesized in a two-step process through the complexation of dicobalt octacarbonyl, Co(2)(CO)(8) to a main-chain alkyne-functional polyester obtained by polycondensation protocol. As indicated by thermal analysis, the cobalt-containing polymers are characterized by a thermal transition around 110 degrees C assigned to a crosslinking process, a key factor in considering these materials as candidates for patterning assist layers (PAL) in EUVL. Positive and negative impacts of the metal component introduced through PAL upon the resolution, line-width roughness (LWR), and sensitivity (RLS) of the resist were investigated. The potential utility of these materials as wet developable PAL is also described. C1 Intels Mol Adv Patterning, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Masson, G (reprint author), Intels Mol Adv Patterning, LBNL, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 763631 DI 10.1117/12.846634 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400095 ER PT S AU Mochi, I Goldberg, KA La Fontaine, B Tchikoulaeva, A Holfeld, C AF Mochi, I. Goldberg, K. A. La Fontaine, B. Tchikoulaeva, A. Holfeld, C. BE Fontaine, BML TI Actinic imaging of native and programmed defects on a full-field mask SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Mask inspection; defects; extreme ultraviolet; EUV; actinic; lithography; microscopy AB We describe the imaging and characterization of native defects on a full field extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask, using several reticle and wafer inspection modes. Mask defect images recorded with the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT), an EUV-wavelength (13.4 nm) actinic microscope, are compared with mask and printed-wafer images collected with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and deep ultraviolet (DUV) inspection tools. We observed that defects that appear to be opaque in the SEM can be highly transparent to EUV light, and inversely, defects that are mostly transparent to the SEM can be highly opaque to EUV. The nature and composition of these defects, whether they appear on the top surface, within the multilayer coating, or on the substrate as buried bumps or pits, influences both their significance when printed, and their detectability with the available techniques. Actinic inspection quantitatively predicts the characteristics of printed defect images in ways that may not be possible with non-EUV techniques. As a quantitative example, we investigate the main structural characteristics of a buried pit defect based on EUV through-focus imaging. C1 [Mochi, I.; Goldberg, K. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mochi, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 76361A DI 10.1117/12.846670 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400043 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Anderson, CN Baclea-an, LM Chan, D Denham, P George, S Goldberg, KA Hoef, B Jones, G Koh, C La Fontaine, B McClinton, B Miyakawa, R Montgomery, W Rekawa, S Wallow, T AF Naulleau, Patrick Anderson, Christopher N. Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae Chan, David Denham, Paul George, Simi Goldberg, Kenneth A. Hoef, Brian Jones, Gideon Koh, Chawon La Fontaine, Bruno McClinton, Brittany Miyakawa, Ryan Montgomery, Warren Rekawa, Seno Wallow, Tom BE Fontaine, BML TI The SEMATECH Berkeley MET pushing EUV development beyond 22-nm half pitch SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; photoresist; mask roughness; mask cleaning; nanolithography ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; MASK-ROUGHNESS; TOOL AB Microfield exposure tools (METs) play a crucial role in the development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resists and masks. One of these tools is the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3 numerical aperture (NA) MET. Using conventional illumination this tool is limited to approximately 22-nm half pitch resolution. However, resolution enhancement techniques have been used to push the patterning capabilities of this tool to half pitches of 18 nm and below. This resolution was achieved in a new imageable hardmask which also supports contact printing down to 22 nm with conventional illumination. Along with resolution, line-edge roughness is another crucial hurdle facing EUV resists. Much of the resist LER, however, can be attributed to the mask. We have shown that intenssionally aggressive mask cleaning on an older generation mask causes correlated LER in photoresist to increase from 3.4 nm to 4.0 nm. We have also shown that new generation EUV masks (100 pm of substrate roughness) can achieve correlated LER values of 1.1 nm, a 3x improvement over the correlated LER of older generation EUV masks (230 pm of substrate roughness). Finally, a 0.5-NA MET has been proposed that will address the needs of EUV development at the 16-nm node and beyond. The tool will support an ultimate resolution of 8 nm half-pitch and generalized printing using conventional illumination down to 12 nm half pitch. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick; Anderson, Christopher N.; Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae; Denham, Paul; George, Simi; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Hoef, Brian; Jones, Gideon; Rekawa, Seno] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 76361J DI 10.1117/12.848438 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400052 ER PT S AU Naulleau, PP George, SA McClinton, BM AF Naulleau, Patrick P. George, Simi A. McClinton, Brittany M. BE Fontaine, BML TI Mask roughness and its implications for LER at the 22-and 16-nm nodes SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; line-edge roughness; multilayer; speckle; photomask; surface roughness ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS AB Line-edge roughness (LER) remains the most significant challenge facing the development of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist. The mask, however, has been found to be a significant contributor to image-plane LER. This has long been expected based on modeling and has more recently been demonstrated experimentally. Problems arise from both mask-absorber LER as well as mask multilayer roughness leading to random phase variations in the reflected beam and consequently speckle. Understanding the implications this has on mask requirements for the 22-nm half pitch node and below is crucial. Modeling results indicate a replicated surface roughness (RSR) specification of 50 pm and a ruthenium capping layer roughness specification of 440 pm. Moreover, modeling indicates that it is crucial to achieve the current ITRS specifications for mask absorber LER which is significantly smaller than current capabilities. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick P.; George, Simi A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 76362H DI 10.1117/12.851561 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400078 ER PT S AU Wintz, DT Goldberg, KA Mochi, I Huh, S AF Wintz, Daniel T. Goldberg, Kenneth A. Mochi, Iacopo Huh, Sungmin BE Fontaine, BML TI Photon flux requirements for EUV reticle imaging microscopy in the 22 and 16 nm nodes SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography CY FEB 22-25, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; linewidth roughness; LWR; actinic mask inspection; reticle; imaging ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; LITHOGRAPHY AB EUV-wavelength actinic microscopy yields detailed information about EUV mask patterns, architectures, defects, and the performance of defect repair strategies, without the complications of photoresist imaging. The measured aerial image intensity profiles provide valuable feedback to improve mask and lithography system modeling methods. In order to understand the photon-flux-dependent pattern measurement limits of EUV mask-imaging microscopy, we have investigated the effects of shot noise on aerial image linewidth measurements for lines in the 22 and 16-nm generations. Using a simple model of image formation near the resolution limit, we probe the influence of photon shot noise on the measured, apparent line roughness. With this methodology, we arrive at general flux density requirements independent of the specific EUV microscope configurations. Analytical and statistical analysis of aerial image simulations in the 22 and 16-nm generations reveal the trade-offs between photon energy density (controllable with exposure time), effective pixel dimension on the CCD (controlled by the microscope's magnification ratio), and image log slope (ILS). We find that shot-noise-induced linewidth roughness (LWR) varies inversely with the square root of the photon energy density, and is proportional to the imaging magnification ratio. While high magnification is necessary for adequate spatial resolution, for a given flux density, higher magnification ratios have diminishing benefits. With practical imaging parameters, we find that in order to achieve an LWR (3 sigma) value of 5% of linewidth for dense, 88-nm mask features with 80% aerial image contrast and 13.5-nm effective pixel width (1000x magnification ratio), a peak photon flux of approximately 1400 photons per pixel per exposure is required. C1 [Wintz, Daniel T.; Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Mochi, Iacopo] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wintz, DT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8050-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7636 AR 76362L DI 10.1117/12.846528 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSU87 UT WOS:000285841400082 ER PT J AU Sun, X AF Sun, X. BE Sun, X TI Resistance spot weld failure mode and weld performance for aluminum alloys SO FAILURE MECHANISMS OF ADVANCED WELDING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE aluminum resistance spot welds; energy absorption; failure modes; fusion zone size; interfacial fracture; nugget pullout; static strength; weld porosity AB This chapter discusses the relationship between fusion zone size and weld performance for aluminum resistance spot welds. Weld performance in terms of failure modes, static strength and energy absorption is examined using a combined experimental, statistical and analytical approach. The main failure modes for aluminum spot welds are nugget pullout and interfacial fracture. It is found that fusion zone size, sheet thickness and the level and location of weld porosity/defects are the main factors influencing the cross-tension failure mode of an aluminum spot weld. Two additional spot weld populations with different fusion zone sizes are used to validate the analytical failure mode model. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xin.sun@pnl.gov; xin.sun@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-976-5 PY 2010 BP 24 EP 42 DI 10.1533/9781845699765.24 D2 10.1533/9781845699765 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BRQ84 UT WOS:000283438100002 ER PT J AU Sun, X AF Sun, X. BE Sun, X TI Joining lightweight materials using reactive nanofoils SO FAILURE MECHANISMS OF ADVANCED WELDING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE adhesive failure; bonding; bond strength; cohesive failure; energy absorption; nanoscale layers; reactive NanoFoil (R) AB In this chapter, we present the strength and failure modes of reactive NanoFoil (R) bonded joints for similar and dissimilar lightweight materials. First, solder and braze joints for similar and dissimilar material combinations of steel, aluminum and magnesium are fabricated. Static bond strength tests under tensile shear loading condition are then performed to quantify the bond strength for different material combinations. The through-thickness microstructure changes and modifications by the bonding process are quantified using SEM. Depending on the base material combinations, it is shown that the nanofoil bond strength is comparable to those of the conventional structural adhesive bonds. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xin.sun@pnl.gov; xin.sun@pnl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-976-5 PY 2010 BP 289 EP 305 DI 10.1533/9781845699765.289 D2 10.1533/9781845699765 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BRQ84 UT WOS:000283438100011 ER PT J AU Yelle, RV Vuitton, V Lavvas, P Klippenstein, SJ Smith, MA Horst, SM Cui, J AF Yelle, Roger V. Vuitton, V. Lavvas, P. Klippenstein, S. J. Smith, M. A. Hoerst, S. M. Cui, J. TI Formation of NH3 and CH2NH in Titan's upper atmosphere SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemistry of the Planets CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brittany, FRANCE ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; ION-MOLECULE CHEMISTRY; GAS-PHASE; AB-INITIO; COUPLING PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PREDICTIVE THEORY; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; HYDROCARBON IONS; HAZE FORMATION; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB The large abundance of NH3 in Titan's upper atmosphere is a consequence of coupled ion and neutral chemistry. The density of NH3 is inferred from the measured abundance of NH4+ center dot NH3 is produced primarily through reaction of NH2 with H2CN, a process neglected in previous models. NH2 is produced by several reactions including electron recombination of CH2NH2+. The density of CH2NH2+ is closely linked to the density of CH2NH through proton exchange reactions and recombination. CH2NH is produced by reaction of N(D-2) and NH with ambient hydrocarbons. Thus, production of NH3 is the result of a chain of reactions involving non-nitrile functional groups and the large density of NH3 implies large densities for these associated molecules. This suggests that amine and imine functional groups may be incorporated as well in other, more complex organic molecules. C1 [Yelle, Roger V.; Lavvas, P.; Smith, M. A.; Hoerst, S. M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Vuitton, V.] Univ J Fourier, Lab Planet Grenoble, Grenoble, France. [Klippenstein, S. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Smith, M. A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Cui, J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2BW, England. RP Yelle, RV (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Planetary Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Horst, Sarah/A-9906-2010; OI Horst, Sarah/0000-0003-4596-0702; Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 65 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2010 VL 147 BP 31 EP 49 DI 10.1039/c004787m PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 685DR UT WOS:000284608900002 PM 21302541 ER PT J AU Nixon, CA Achterberg, RK Teanby, NA Irwin, PGJ Flaud, JM Kleiner, I Dehayem-Kamadjeu, A Brown, LR Sams, RL Bezard, B Coustenis, A Ansty, TM Mamoutkine, A Vinatier, S Bjoraker, GL Jennings, DE Romani, PN Flasar, FM AF Nixon, Conor A. Achterberg, Richard K. Teanby, Nicholas A. Irwin, Patrick G. J. Flaud, Jean-Marie Kleiner, Isabelle Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix Brown, Linda R. Sams, Robert L. Bezard, Bruno Coustenis, Athena Ansty, Todd M. Mamoutkine, Andrei Vinatier, Sandrine Bjoraker, Gordon L. Jennings, Donald E. Romani, Paul. N. Flasar, F. Michael TI Upper limits for undetected trace species in the stratosphere of Titan SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemistry of the Planets CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brittany, FRANCE ID COMPOSITE INFRARED SPECTROMETER; CASSINI CIRS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; METHYL CYANIDE; MU-M; SPECTRA; HC3N; HCN; INTENSITIES AB In this paper we describe the first quantitative search for several molecules in Titan's stratosphere in Cassini CIRS infrared spectra. These are: ammonia (NH3), methanol (CH3OH), formaldehyde (H2CO), and acetonitrile (CH3CN), all of which are predicted by photochemical models but only the last of which has been observed, and not in the infrared. We find non-detections in all cases, but derive upper limits on the abundances from low-noise observations at 25 degrees S and 75 degrees N. Comparing these constraints to model predictions, we conclude that CIRS is highly unlikely to see NH3 or CH3OH emissions. However, CH3CN and H2CO are closer to CIRS detectability, and we suggest ways in which the sensitivity threshold may be lowered towards this goal. C1 [Nixon, Conor A.; Achterberg, Richard K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nixon, Conor A.; Achterberg, Richard K.; Vinatier, Sandrine; Bjoraker, Gordon L.; Jennings, Donald E.; Romani, Paul. N.; Flasar, F. Michael] NASA, Planetary Syst Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Teanby, Nicholas A.; Irwin, Patrick G. J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Flaud, Jean-Marie; Kleiner, Isabelle; Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix] Univ Paris 07, LISA, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, Jean-Marie; Kleiner, Isabelle; Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix] Univ Paris Est, LISA, CNRS, UMR 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Dehayem-Kamadjeu, Alix] Univ Nairobi, Dept Phys, Coll Biol & Phys Sci, Nairobi, Kenya. [Brown, Linda R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sams, Robert L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bezard, Bruno; Coustenis, Athena] LESIA, Observ Paris Meudon, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Ansty, Todd M.] Cornell Univ, Dept Space Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Mamoutkine, Andrei] Adnet Syst Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Nixon, CA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM conor.a.nixon@nasa.gov RI Nixon, Conor/A-8531-2009; Flasar, F Michael/C-8509-2012; Romani, Paul/D-2729-2012; Bjoraker, Gordon/D-5032-2012; Jennings, Donald/D-7978-2012; OI Nixon, Conor/0000-0001-9540-9121; Teanby, Nicholas/0000-0003-3108-5775; Irwin, Patrick/0000-0002-6772-384X NR 59 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2010 VL 147 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1039/c003771k PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 685DR UT WOS:000284608900004 PM 21302543 ER PT J AU Kaiser, RI Maksyutenko, P Ennis, C Zhang, FT Gu, XB Krishtal, SP Mebel, AM Kostko, O Ahmed, M AF Kaiser, Ralf I. Maksyutenko, Pavlo Ennis, Courtney Zhang, Fangtong Gu, Xibin Krishtal, Sergey P. Mebel, Alexander M. Kostko, Oleg Ahmed, Musahid TI Untangling the chemical evolution of Titan's atmosphere and surface-from homogeneous to heterogeneous chemistry SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Chemistry of the Planets CY JUN 14-16, 2010 CL Brittany, FRANCE ID CROSSED-BEAM REACTION; NEUTRAL-NEUTRAL REACTIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; PHOTOIONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CLASSICAL TRAJECTORY CALCULATIONS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN ELIMINATION; VOYAGER INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; SINGLE COLLISION CONDITIONS; PRIMARY PRODUCT CHANNELS; METAL-ION CHEMISTRY AB In this article, we first explored the chemical dynamics of simple diatomic radicals (dicarbon, methylidyne) utilizing the crossed molecular beams method. This versatile experimental technique can be applied to study reactions relevant to the atmospheres of planets and their moons as long as intense and stable supersonic beam sources of the reactant species exist. By focusing on reactions of dicarbon with hydrogen cyanide, we untangled the contribution of dicarbon in its singlet ground and first excited triplet states. These results were applied to understand and re-analyze the data of crossed beam reactions of the isoelectronic dicarbon plus acetylene reaction. Further, we investigated the interaction of ionizing radiation in form of energetic electrons with organic molecules ethane and propane sequestered on Titan's surface. These experiments presented compelling evidence that even at irradiation exposures equivalent to about 44 years on Titan's surface, aliphatic like organic residues can be produced on Titan's surface with thicknesses up to 1.5 m. Finally, we investigated how Titan's nascent chemical inventory can be altered by an external influx of matter as supplied by (micro) meteorites and possibly comets. For this, we simulated the ablation process in Titan's atmosphere, which can lead to ground and electronically excited atoms of, for instance, the principal constituents of silicates like iron, silicon, and magnesium, in laboratory experiments. By ablating silicon species and seeding the ablated species in acetylene carrier gas, which also acts as a reactant, we produced organo silicon species, which were then photoionized utilizing tunable VUV radiation from the Advanced Light Source. In combination with electronic structure calculations, the structures and ionization energies of distinct organo-silicon species were elucidated. C1 [Kaiser, Ralf I.; Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Ennis, Courtney; Zhang, Fangtong; Gu, Xibin] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Krishtal, Sergey P.; Mebel, Alexander M.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Kostko, Oleg; Ahmed, Musahid] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaiser, RI (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Kostko, Oleg/B-3822-2009; Mebel, Alexander/A-5234-2009; Ennis, Courtney/M-5050-2015 OI Kostko, Oleg/0000-0003-2068-4991; Ennis, Courtney/0000-0003-1774-8982 NR 251 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2010 VL 147 BP 429 EP 478 DI 10.1039/c003599h PG 50 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 685DR UT WOS:000284608900024 PM 21302560 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A Todd, D AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Sustainable Development of Nuclear Energy and the Role of Fast Spectrum Reactors SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSMUTATION C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400001 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A Todd, D AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Introductory Design Considerations SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400002 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A Todd, D AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Nuclear Design SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 49 EP 76 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 28 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400004 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Nuclear Data and Cross Section Processing SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 77 EP 109 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 33 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400005 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A Todd, D AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Kinetics, Reactivity Effects, and Control Requirements SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 111 EP 133 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400006 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A Salvatores, M AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan Salvatores, Massimo BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Fuel Management SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BREEDING RATIO; DOUBLING TIME; TRANSMUTATION; DEFINITIONS; SYSTEM C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Salvatores, Massimo] CEA, Paris, France. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net; massimo.salvatores@cea.fr NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 135 EP 185 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 51 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400007 ER PT B AU Waltar, A Todd, D AF Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Fuel Pin and Assembly Design SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FISSION-GAS RELEASE; MIXED-OXIDE FUEL; STAINLESS-STEEL; REACTOR-FUEL; TRANSIENT; BEHAVIOR; CREEP C1 [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. EM alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 189 EP 234 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 46 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400008 ER PT B AU Waltar, A Todd, D AF Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Fuel Pin Thermal Performance SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIQUID-METALS; HEAT-TRANSFER; BUNDLES C1 [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. EM alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 235 EP 262 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 28 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400009 ER PT B AU Waltar, A Todd, D AF Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Core Thermal Hydraulics Design SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUEL ROD ASSEMBLIES; PREDICTING TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION; WRAP SPACER SYSTEM; POROUS BODY MODEL; FLOW; BUNDLE C1 [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. EM alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 263 EP 298 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 36 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400010 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A Todd, D AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan Todd, Donald BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Reactor Plant Systems SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAS TAG IDENTIFICATION; FAILED FUEL C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Todd, Donald] NuScale Power, Corvallis, OR USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net; donald.r.todd@gmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 365 EP 407 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 43 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400012 ER PT B AU Sackett, J AF Sackett, John BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI General Safety Considerations SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Sackett, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johnflyer@3riversdbs.net NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 411 EP 426 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400013 ER PT B AU Sackett, J AF Sackett, John BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Protected Transients SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAS TAG IDENTIFICATION; FAILED FUEL C1 [Sackett, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johnflyer@3riversdbs.net NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 427 EP 449 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_14 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400014 ER PT B AU Sackett, J AF Sackett, John BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Unprotected Transients SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TESTS C1 [Sackett, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johnflyer@3riversdbs.net NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 451 EP 463 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400015 ER PT B AU Sackett, J AF Sackett, John BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Severe Accidents and Containment Considerations SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BREEDER REACTOR SAFETY; AIR C1 [Sackett, John] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM johnflyer@3riversdbs.net NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 465 EP 486 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_16 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400016 ER PT B AU Sienicki, J AF Sienicki, James BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLTEN LEAD; BISMUTH; CORROSION C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Innovat Syst Dev Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sienicki, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Innovat Syst Dev Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sienicki@anl.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 513 EP 532 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8_18 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 20 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400018 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Waltar, A AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Waltar, Alan BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Fast Reactor Data SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; alan.waltar@wildblue.net NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 533 EP 555 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400019 ER PT B AU Tsvetkov, P Yang, WS AF Tsvetkov, Pavel Yang, Won Sik BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI Fast Reactor Simulations SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POWER C1 [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yang, Won Sik] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tsvetkov, P (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM tsvetkov@tamu.edu; wyang@anl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 625 EP 640 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400023 ER PT B AU Waltar, A Tsvetkov, P AF Waltar, Alan Tsvetkov, Pavel BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI 4-Group and 8-Group Cross Sections SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tsvetkov, Pavel] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Zachry Engn Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM alan.waltar@wildblue.net; tsvetkov@tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 641 EP 649 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400024 ER PT B AU Waltar, A AF Waltar, Alan BE Waltar, AE Todd, DR Tsvetkov, PV TI End of Spectrum HCDA Perspectives for SFRs SO FAST SPECTRUM REACTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CORE-DISRUPTIVE ACCIDENTS; FUEL-COOLANT INTERACTIONS; REACTOR; HYDRODYNAMICS; ENERGY C1 [Waltar, Alan] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM alan.waltar@wildblue.net NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-9571-1 PY 2010 BP 651 EP 683 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-9572-8 PG 33 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BYK55 UT WOS:000299173400025 ER PT J AU Kielak, A Rodrigues, JLM Kuramae, EE Chain, PSG van Veen, JA Kowalchuk, GA AF Kielak, Anna Rodrigues, Jorge L. M. Kuramae, Eiko E. Chain, Patrick S. G. van Veen, Johannes A. Kowalchuk, George A. TI Phylogenetic and metagenomic analysis of Verrucomicrobia in former agricultural grassland soil SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Verrucomicrobia; phylogeny; environmental genomics; bacterial communities; rhizosphere; metagenomics ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; RICE PADDY SOIL; PHYLUM VERRUCOMICROBIA; SP-NOV.; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BACTERIAL DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE DATA; PURE-CULTURE; CULTIVATION; ACIDOBACTERIA AB The bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia has a widespread distribution, and is known to be one of the most common and diverse phyla in soil habitats. However, members of this phylum have typically been recalcitrant to cultivation methods, hampering the study of this presumably important bacterial group. In this study, we examine the phylogenetic diversity of the Verrucomicrobia in a former agricultural field and gain access to genomic information via a metagenomic approach. We examined Verrucomicrobia-like 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from general bacterial and phylum-specific libraries, revealing a dominance of subdivisions 1 and 2. A PCR-based screening method was developed to identify inserts containing verrucomicrobial 16S rRNA genes within a large-insert metagenomic library, and on screening of 28 800 clones, four fosmids were identified as containing verrucomicrobial genomic DNA. Full-length sequencing of fosmid inserts and gene annotation identified a total of 98 ORFs, representing a range of functions. No conservation of gene order was observed adjacent to the ribosomal operons. Fosmid inserts were further analyzed for tetranucleotide frequencies to identify remnants of past horizontal gene transfer events. The metagenomic approach utilized proved to be suitable for the recovery of verrucomicrobial genomic DNA, thereby providing a window into the genomes of members of this important, yet poorly characterized, bacterial phylum. C1 [Kielak, Anna; Kuramae, Eiko E.; van Veen, Johannes A.; Kowalchuk, George A.] Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Microbial Ecol, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. [Rodrigues, Jorge L. M.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington Dept Biol, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kuramae, Eiko E.] Free Univ Amsterdam, Inst Ecol Sci, Dept Anim Ecol, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Chain, Patrick S. G.] Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Chain, Patrick S. G.] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [van Veen, Johannes A.] Leiden Univ, Inst Biol, Leiden, Netherlands. RP Kowalchuk, GA (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Ecol NIOO KNAW, Dept Microbial Ecol, POB 40, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. EM g.kowalchuk@nioo.knaw.nl RI Kowalchuk, George/C-4298-2011; van Veen, Johannes/C-3697-2011; chain, patrick/B-9777-2013; Kuramae, Eiko/F-4738-2012 OI Kuramae, Eiko/0000-0001-6701-8668 FU BSIK FX We thank Stephanie Malfatti and Mari Christensen from Joint Genome Institute (JGI) for help with DNA sequencing and assembling. Ellin514 sequence data were produced by the US Department of Energy JGI (www.jgi.doe.gov). This work was funded by the BSIK programme 'Ecogenomics' (http://www.ecogenomics.nl). This is Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW) publication 4606. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 71 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00785.x PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 528NH UT WOS:000272452100004 PM 19811538 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Kamo, T Su, D Iijima, T Funakubo, H AF Yamada, T. Kamo, T. Su, D. Iijima, T. Funakubo, H. TI Influence of Epitaxial Growth Orientation on Residual Strain and Dielectric Properties of (Ba0.3Sr0.7)TiO3 Films Grown on In-Plane Compressive Substrates SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Ferroelectrics; epitaxial films; strain; growth orientation; phase transition ID THIN-FILMS AB Orientation dependence of the strain in epitaxial (Ba0.3Sr0.7)TiO3 films and the dielectric properties have been investigated using in-plane compressive substrates. (100)- and (111)-epitaxial films were grown on (100)- and (111)-cSrRuO3/SrTiO3 substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. The residual strain was found to be remarkably different in those films. The (100)-epitaxial films are fully constrained by the substrate, resulting in the large in-plane compressive strain. On the other hand, the (111)-epitaxial films are almost fully relaxed. As results, for the (100)-epitaxial films, the apparent Curie-Weiss temperature was much higher than that of unstrained bulks. This trend was also confirmed for the films on SrRuO3/(La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3 substrates. C1 [Yamada, T.; Kamo, T.; Funakubo, H.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engineered Mat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. [Su, D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, New York, NY 11973 USA. [Iijima, T.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Ctr Hydrogen Ind Use & Storage, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan. RP Yamada, T (reprint author), Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Innovat & Engineered Mat, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268502, Japan. EM yamada.t.al@m.titech.ac.jp RI Yamada, Tomoaki/I-6538-2014; Su, Dong/A-8233-2013 OI Yamada, Tomoaki/0000-0001-5790-9029; Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683 FU Tokyo Institute of Technology; KAKENHI [20860036]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The work of TY was supported by Global COE program at Tokyo Institute of Technology and KAKENHI (20860036). The work of DS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2010 VL 405 BP 262 EP 267 AR PII 930385747 DI 10.1080/00150193.2010.483391 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688YW UT WOS:000284894400038 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Bishop, AR Simon, A AF Bussmann-Holder, A. Bishop, A. R. Simon, A. TI SrTiO3: From Quantum Paraelectric to Superconducting SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Quantum paraelectrics; superconductivity; SrTiO3 ID FERROELECTRICITY; TRANSITION AB SrTiO3 exhibits unusually complex ground states which reach from insulating quantum paraelectric to poor metallic behavior depending on doping and/or oxygen stoichiometry where superconductivity might appear. Upon Nb doping two-gap superconductivity is induced and with this the first two-gap superconductor realized long after its theoretical prediction. Here we concentrate on this state and show that Nb doped SrTiO3 is the most unconventional multi-band superconductor of known multi-band superconductors since the smaller of the two superconducting gaps deviates substantially from a BCS temperature dependence. We attribute these deviations to two cooperating effects, namely an extreme anisotropy in the frequency dependent effective attractive interactions, involving one very soft mode, and an almost vanishing interband interaction. As a consequence, the superfluid density of Nb doped SrTiO3 is predicted to exhibit an inflection point close to the superconducting transition temperature T-c and not-as seen in other multi-band superconductors-close to T = 0 K. C1 [Bussmann-Holder, A.; Simon, A.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM a.bussmann-holder@fkf.mpg.de NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2010 VL 400 BP 19 EP 26 DI 10.1080/00150193.2010.505528 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 683LF UT WOS:000284476600011 ER PT J AU Burkovsky, R Vakhrushev, SB Shapiro, SM Ivanov, A Hirota, K Matsuura, M AF Burkovsky, R. Vakhrushev, S. B. Shapiro, S. M. Ivanov, A. Hirota, K. Matsuura, M. TI Inelastic and Quasielastic Neutron Scattering in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 Above the Burns Temperature SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article DE Relaxors; PMN crystal; neutron scattering; soft mode ID RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NIOBATE SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RANDOM-FIELD THEORY; LEAD MAGNONIOBATE; MODEL; CERAMICS; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR AB We present here the results of the study of the true paraelectric phase of PMN via neutron inelastic and quasielastic scattering. Inelastic data for two different Brillouin Zones were treated simultaneously in terms of the 2-mode approach for the lowest TO mode. We have confirmed that 2-mode description allows removing the contradictions between the temperature dependences of the soft-mode frequency and the dielectric susceptibility existing in the single mode model. The diffuse scattering was mapped in three Brillouin zones and substantial anisotropy of the 2-d intensity distribution was found that was not reported before. Treatment of data in terms of Huang scattering produced satisfactory description of the experimental data. It is shown that broad satellite peaks close to the main Bragg reflections in our case can be described in terms of instrumental resolution. C1 [Burkovsky, R.; Vakhrushev, S. B.] St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. [Vakhrushev, S. B.] AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Shapiro, S. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ivanov, A.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Hirota, K.] Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Matsuura, M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778581, Japan. RP Vakhrushev, SB (reprint author), St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg 195251, Russia. EM s.vakhrushev@mail.ioffe.ru RI Matsuura, Masato/C-2827-2013; Vakhrushev, Sergey/A-9855-2011 OI Matsuura, Masato/0000-0003-4470-0271; Vakhrushev, Sergey/0000-0003-4867-1404 FU RFBR [08-02-00908-a, 06-02-90088-NSF-a]; RAS; Federal Program "Scientific and Educational Staff of Innovative Russia; ISSP, University of Tokyo FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge R. Blinc, B. Dorner, T. Egami, P. Gehring, M. Glinchuk, V. Sakhnenko, G. Shirane, D. Strauch, V. Stephanovich for the many useful discussions and various suggestions. Work was supported by the RFBR (grants 08-02-00908-a and 06-02-90088-NSF-a), program RAS "Neutron research of matter" and Federal Program "Scientific and Educational Staff of Innovative Russia 2009-2013". Work of SBV in Japan was supported by visiting professorship from ISSP, University of Tokyo. NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2010 VL 400 BP 372 EP 386 DI 10.1080/00150193.2010.505858 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 683LF UT WOS:000284476600046 ER PT S AU Burnett, DC Sheaffer, D AF Burnett, David C. Sheaffer, Donald, Jr. BE Mendez, A Du, HH Wang, A Udd, E Mihailov, SJ TI Component field testing for SWPIDS: a shallow-water perimeter intrusion detection system SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VII CY APR 07-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE fiber applications; fiber optic sensors; detection; intrusion; water AB Field testing of fiber-based security sensors for use in Shallow-Water Perimeter Intrusion Detection System (SWPIDS) is presented in this paper. These devices were evaluated for continued performance and environmental resilience while deployed in a shallow-water marine environment for several months. These devices were previously untested in such conditions, and were evaluated for consideration in a high-security, low-nuisance alarm, environmentally-friendly underwater security system. The tested sensors include a breach-sensitive stainless steel grate and magnetic tamper switch, both from Woven Electronics, Inc., and a disturbance-sensitive fiber cable from Fiber SenSys, LLC. Preliminary results are presented, including nuisance alarm rates, functionality over the trial period, and resistance to marine effects. C1 [Burnett, David C.; Sheaffer, Donald, Jr.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burnett, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM dburne@sandia.gov; dons@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8141-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7677 AR 767709 DI 10.1117/12.849961 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BSS30 UT WOS:000285624300007 ER PT J AU Shepherd, JF Dewey, MW Woodbury, AC Benzley, SE Staten, ML Owen, SJ AF Shepherd, Jason F. Dewey, Mark W. Woodbury, Adam C. Benzley, Steven E. Staten, Matthew L. Owen, Steven J. TI Adaptive mesh coarsening for quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes SO FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Quadrilateral; Hexahedral; Mesh; Coarsening; Simplification; Adaptivity; Refinement ID SIMULATIONS; GENERATION; ADAPTATION; PARALLEL AB Mesh adaptation methods can improve the efficiency and accuracy of solutions to computational modeling problems. In many applications involving quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes, local modifications which maintain the original element type are desired. For triangle and tetrahedral meshes, effective refinement and coarsening methods that satisfy the secriteria are available. Refinement methods for quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes are also available. However, due to the added complexity of maintaining and satisfying constraints in quadrilateral and hexahedral mesh topology, little research has occurred in the area of coarsening or simplification. This paper presents methods to locally coarsen conforming all-quadrilateral and all-hexahedral meshes. The methods presented provide coarsening while maintaining conforming all-quadrilateral and all-hexahedral meshes. Additionally, the coarsening is not dependent on reversing a previous refinement. Several examples showing localized coarsening are provided. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shepherd, Jason F.; Staten, Matthew L.; Owen, Steven J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Woodbury, Adam C.; Benzley, Steven E.] Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Staten, Matthew L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Shepherd, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jfsheph@sandia.gov; markwdewey@gmail.com; aw18@byu.net; seb@et.byu.edu; mlstate@sandia.gov; sjowen@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-874X EI 1872-6925 J9 FINITE ELEM ANAL DES JI Finite Elem. Anal. Des. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.finel.2009.06.024 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics SC Mathematics; Mechanics GA 525CI UT WOS:000272190300003 ER PT S AU Cooper, PS AF Cooper, Peter S. BE DOlivio, JC Frank, A LopezFernandez, R Perez, MA TI Searching for Dark Matter with a Bubble Chamber SO FIRST CINVESTAV-UNAM SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS: DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF AGUSTO GARCIA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st CINVESTAVUNAM Symposium on High Energy Physics CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2009 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CINVESTAV, CONACyt DE Bubble Chamber; Dark Matter AB The Chicago land Observatory for Underground Particle Physics (COUPP) recently reported first Physics results from an engineering prototype dark matter detector consisting of a I liter, room temperature, heavy liquid bubble chamber. These results close the last open window in low mass spin dependent WIMP scattering for a conventional WIMP interpretation of the DAMA annual modulation signal. I will discuss these results and the detector techniques which enabled them. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cooper, PS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0808-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1259 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1063/1.3479303 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BRO44 UT WOS:000283263300004 ER PT S AU Jensen, DA AF Jensen, D. A. BE DOlivio, JC Frank, A LopezFernandez, R Perez, MA TI A New Proposal to Measure K(+) -> pi(+) v(v)over-bar SO FIRST CINVESTAV-UNAM SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS: DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF AGUSTO GARCIA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st CINVESTAVUNAM Symposium on High Energy Physics CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2009 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CINVESTAV, CONACyt DE K decay; CP violation AB Do not replace the word "abstract," but do replace the rest of this text. Text should remain 10-pt. If you must insert a hard line break, please use Shift+Enter rather than just tapping your "Enter" key. You may want to print this page and refer to it as a style sample before you begin working on your paper. For an experimentalist in high energy physics, the most interesting experiments that one should pursue is often well known. The very rare CP violating decay of the kaon into a pion and two neutrinos ( both the charged and neutral modes) is such an experiment. We have recently proposed the charged kaon experiment to Fermilab as proposal P966. We present her a general overview of that proposal. The goal is to obtain of order 1000 events in order to confront the expected theoretical calculations and to search for physics beyond the standard model. C1 Fermi Natl Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jensen, DA (reprint author), Fermi Natl Lab, POB 510, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0808-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1259 BP 66 EP 73 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BRO44 UT WOS:000283263300007 ER PT S AU Lach, J AF Lach, Joseph BE DOlivio, JC Frank, A LopezFernandez, R Perez, MA TI Accelerators Beyond The Tevatron? SO FIRST CINVESTAV-UNAM SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS: DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF AGUSTO GARCIA SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st CINVESTAVUNAM Symposium on High Energy Physics CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2009 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CINVESTAV, CONACyt DE UNK; SSC; LHC; Tevatron AB Following the successful operation of the Fermilab superconducting accelerator three new higher energy accelerators were planned. They were the UNK in the Soviet Union, the LHC in Europe, and the SSC in the United States. All were expected to start producing physics about 1995. They did not. Why? C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lach, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0808-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1259 BP 74 EP 82 DI 10.1063/1.3479308 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BRO44 UT WOS:000283263300008 ER PT S AU Freese, K Ruiz, E Valluri, M Ilie, C Spolyar, D Bodenheimer, P AF Freese, Katherine Ruiz, Eduardo Valluri, Monica Ilie, Cosmin Spolyar, Douglas Bodenheimer, Peter BE Whalen, D Bromm, V Yoshida, N TI Supermassive Dark Stars: Detectable by JWST and HST SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr DE Dark Matter; Early Universe Stars ID WEBB-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ULTRA DEEP FIELD; TO 8 GALAXIES; 1ST STARS; MATTER ANNIHILATION; DISCOVERY AB The first stars in the universe may have been powered by dark matter annihilation rather than by fusion. This novel kind of stellar evolution may have lasted millions or billions of years. Such "dark stars" can grow to be very massive, > 10(5)M(circle dot), and are relatively cool (similar to 10(4) K). They are also very bright and may be detectable by the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope or even by the Hubble Space Telescope. Once their dark matter fuel is expended, dark stars have a short fusion phase before collapsing into black holes (BH). These BH could be the seeds of the supermassive black holes found at the centers of massive galaxies at high redshift. C1 [Freese, Katherine; Ruiz, Eduardo; Ilie, Cosmin] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Valluri, Monica] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spolyar, Douglas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astron, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Bodenheimer, Peter] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Freese, K (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0849-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1294 BP 45 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTZ41 UT WOS:000288517300007 ER PT S AU Fryer, CL Whalen, DJ Frey, L AF Fryer, Chris L. Whalen, Daniel J. Frey, Lucy BE Whalen, D Bromm, V Yoshida, N TI Modeling Emission from the First Explosions: Pitfalls and Problems SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr DE Population III stars; Supernovae; Radiation processes ID SUPERNOVAE AB Observations of the explosions of Population III (Pop III) stars have the potential to teach us much about the formation and evolution of these zero-metallicity objects. To realize this potential, we must tie observed emission to an explosion model, which requires accurate light curve and spectra calculations. Here, we discuss many of the pitfalls and problems involved in such models, presenting some preliminary results from radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. C1 [Fryer, Chris L.; Frey, Lucy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2,MSD409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Whalen, Daniel J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15123 USA. [Frey, Lucy] Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTD 6, MSD 409, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2,MSD409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Frey, Lucille/0000-0002-5478-2293 FU DE-AC52-06NA25396; McWilliams Fellowship; Bruce and Astrid McWilliams Center for Cosmology at Carnegie Mellon University FX This work was carried out in part under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory supported by Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. DJW was supported by the McWilliams Fellowship at the Bruce and Astrid McWilliams Center for Cosmology at Carnegie Mellon University. NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0849-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1294 BP 70 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTZ41 UT WOS:000288517300012 ER PT S AU Chen, KJ Heger, A Almgren, AS AF Chen, Ke-Jung Heger, Alexander Almgren, Ann S. BE Whalen, D Bromm, V Yoshida, N TI Two-Dimensional Simulations of Pair-Instability Supernovae SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr DE Stellar evolution; Massive star; Pair-instability supernovae ID EVOLUTION; UNIVERSE; STARS AB We present preliminary results from two-dimensional numerical studies of nuclear burning and hydrodynamic instabilities in pair-instability supernova (PSN) performed with the new radiation-hydrodynamics code CASTRO. C1 [Chen, Ke-Jung; Heger, Alexander] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Almgren, Ann S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. FU DOE SciDAC program [DOE-DE-SC0002300] FX The authors would like to thank the Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering (CCSE) at LBNL for their invaluable support with CASTRO. The simulations were performed at the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute. This project was supported by the DOE SciDAC program under grant DOE-DE-SC0002300. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0849-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1294 BP 255 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTZ41 UT WOS:000288517300043 ER PT S AU Hueckstaedt, R Whalen, D McConkie, T AF Hueckstaedt, Robert Whalen, Daniel McConkie, Thomas BE Whalen, D Bromm, V Yoshida, N TI Local Radiative Feedback: The Rise of Early Stellar Populations SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr DE Population III stars ID STAR-FORMATION; III-STARS; PHOTOEVAPORATION; REIONIZATION; MASS AB How the first stars regulated the formation of later generations by their intense UV flux is key to the assembly of primeval galaxies, the rise of the first stellar populations, and the onset of cosmological reionization. It is commonly held that photoevaporation of cosmological halos by nearby Pop III stars quenched new star formation. We present a survey of halo photoevaporation by high-mass and low-mass primordial stars with simulations that self-consistently solve hydrodynamics, radiative transfer, and primordial gas chemistry. We find that ionizing and LW radiative feedback from a nearby star is much less destructive to star formation than is generally believed, and that it can even accelerate the collapse of baryons into new stars in some cases. C1 [Hueckstaedt, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS T086, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Whalen, Daniel] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [McConkie, Thomas] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Hueckstaedt, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS T086, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0849-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1294 BP 264 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTZ41 UT WOS:000288517300048 ER PT S AU Joggerst, CC AF Joggerst, C. C. BE Whalen, D Bromm, V Yoshida, N TI 3D Simulations of Core-Collapse SNe SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr DE Core-collapse supernovae; simulations; Rayleigh-Taylor instability AB Simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) induced mixing in spherically symmetric core-collapse supernova (SN) explosions are performed in both 2D and 3D. When the only intial perturbation is that arising from the grid, the final state of the 2D and 3D simulations are essentially the same for a variety of presupernova progenitor models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, UC Santa Cruz, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Joggerst, CC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, UC Santa Cruz, T-2, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0849-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1294 BP 266 EP 267 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTZ41 UT WOS:000288517300049 ER PT S AU Sobeck, J Frohlich, C Truran, J Kim, Y AF Sobeck, Jennifer Frohlich, Carla Truran, Jim Kim, Yeunjin BE Whalen, D Bromm, V Yoshida, N TI Galactic Chemical Evolution of the Iron Peak Elements in the Lowest Metallicity Regimes SO FIRST STARS AND GALAXIES: CHALLENGES FOR THE NEXT DECADE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Stars and Galaxies: Challenges for the Next Decade CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL Austin, TX SP UT Austin, Dept Astronomy Board Visitors Excellence Funds, UT Austin, McDonald Observ, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Tokyo Univ, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Texas Adv Comp Ctr DE Galactic chemical evolution; abundances; yields ID ZINC AB We use the nucleosynthetic yields of Chieffi & Limongi (2004) in conjunction with a Salpeter initial mass function (IMF) to determine the evolution of iron peak element abundances (Z = 21-28) as a function of metallicity. Since we will focus on the extremely metal poor region below [Fe/H] = -1.5, we will consider input from core collapse supernovae (SNe) only, as chemical enrichment from Type la SNe is minimal at low metallicities (e.g. Kobayashi & Nomoto (2009) and references therein). For the Fe-peak elements, we will evaluate the relative agreement between theoretical yield calculations and recently-acquired observational data. We will determine the yield dependence on metallicity and compare our results to those of Kobayashi et al. (2006). It is our eventual goal to employ alternate IMF's in order to examine the resulting effects on the iron group abundance ratios. C1 [Sobeck, Jennifer; Frohlich, Carla; Truran, Jim; Kim, Yeunjin] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Sobeck, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RI Frohlich, Carla/C-4841-2012 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0849-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1294 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BTZ41 UT WOS:000288517300059 ER PT J AU McMichael, GA Eppard, MB Carlson, TJ Carter, JA Ebberts, BD Brown, RS Weiland, M Ploskey, GR Harnish, RA Deng, ZD AF McMichael, Geoffrey A. Eppard, M. Brad Carlson, Thomas J. Carter, Jessica A. Ebberts, Blaine D. Brown, Richard S. Weiland, Mark Ploskey, Gene R. Harnish, Ryan A. Deng, Z. Daniel TI The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System: A New Tool SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID INTEGRATED TRANSPONDER TAGS; YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA RIVERS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; POSITION ACCURACY; HYDROPHONE ARRAY; SURVIVAL; RADIO; SNAKE AB Limitations of biotelemetry technology available in 2001 prompted the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Portland District to develop a new acoustic telemetry system to monitor survival of juvenile salmonids through the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. Eight years later, the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) consists of microacoustic transmitters (12 mm long, 0.43 g weight in air), autonomous and cabled receiving systems, and data management and processing applications. Transmitter pulse rate can be user-defined and as configured for this case study was set at 5 seconds, with an estimated tag life of 30 days and detection range of 300 m. Before JSATS development, no technology existed to study movement and survival of fish smaller than 10 g migrating long distances from freshwater and into saltwater. In a 2008 study comparing detection probabilities, travel times, and survival of 4,140 JSATS-tagged and 48,433 passive integrated transponder (PIT)tagged yearling Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; mean fork length 133.9 and 135.3 mm, for JSATS and PIT-tagged fish, respectively) migrating the Snake and Columbia rivers to the Pacific, the JSATS provided survival estimates at more locations with greater precision, using less than one-tenth as many tagged fish as the traditional PIT-tag system. While designed to be optimized for juvenile salmonid survival assessment in the Columbia River basin, JSATS technology may be used in a variety of environments. Information regarding different acoustic telemetry systems from various vendors is presented and discussed relative to the nonproprietary JSATS. C1 [McMichael, Geoffrey A.; Carlson, Thomas J.; Carter, Jessica A.; Brown, Richard S.; Weiland, Mark; Ploskey, Gene R.; Harnish, Ryan A.; Deng, Z. Daniel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Eppard, M. Brad; Ebberts, Blaine D.] USA, Corps Engineers, Portland, OR USA. RP McMichael, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Geoffrey.Mcmichael@pnl.gov RI Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011 OI Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766 NR 38 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN PY 2010 VL 35 IS 1 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-35.1.9 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 588ZJ UT WOS:000277113100003 ER PT S AU Murph, SEH Serkiz, SM Fox, EB Colon-Mercado, H Sexton, L Siegfried, M AF Murph, Simona E. Hunyadi Serkiz, Steven M. Fox, Elise B. Colon-Mercado, Hector Sexton, Lindsay Siegfried, Matthew BE Nelson, DJ Brammer, CN TI Synthesis, Functionalization, Characterization, and Application of Controlled Shape Nanoparticles in Energy Production SO FLUORINE-RELATED NANOSCIENCE WITH ENERGY APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; SUPPORTED PLATINUM CATALYSTS; OXYGEN-REDUCTION REACTION; TEMPERATURE CO OXIDATION; HIGHLY DISPERSED GOLD; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELL; METAL NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES AB In this chapter we present recent advances in synthesis, characterization, optical, catalytic and physico-chemical properties of nanoscale materials with potential applications in fuel cells processes. In particular, this review and original research focuses on the catalytic properties of noble metal nanoparticles (e.g., platinum, gold and silver) as a function of particles morphology and composition (e.g., isotropic and anisotropic, solid, hollow and core-shell structures, and mono-and bi- metallic compositions, supported and unsupported). C1 [Murph, Simona E. Hunyadi; Serkiz, Steven M.; Fox, Elise B.; Colon-Mercado, Hector; Sexton, Lindsay; Siegfried, Matthew] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Murph, SEH (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM Simona.Murph@srnl.doe.gov NR 122 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2610-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1064 BP 127 EP 163 PG 37 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BAQ14 UT WOS:000305161400008 ER PT S AU Geshi, N Petersen, BL Scheller, HV AF Geshi, Naomi Petersen, Bent Larsen Scheller, Henrik Vibe BE Gershwin, ME Greenwood, MRC TI Toward tailored synthesis of functional polysaccharides in plants SO FOODS FOR HEALTH IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A ROAD MAP FOR THE FUTURE SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Foods for Health in the 21st Century - A Road Map for the Future CY NOV 16-18, 2008 CL Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA HO Univ Calif Davis DE plant gum; dietary fibers; functional food; pathway engineering; systems biology ID FENUGREEK GALACTOMANNAN GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE; STRUCTURALLY ALTERED GALACTOMANNANS; CYAMOPSIS-TETRAGONOLOBA L.; ENDOSPERM CELL-WALLS; GUAR GUM; XYLOGLUCAN BIOSYNTHESIS; MANNAN SYNTHASE; MIXED-LINKAGE; ARABIDOPSIS; GENE AB Polysaccharides derived from plant cell wall materials play an important role in our diet. Dietary fibers work as prebiotics in the human gut, and some plant polysaccharides are known to have more direct beneficial impacts on human health. In the food industry, plant fiber materials, such as gums are widely used as structural ingredients. Complex polysaccharides account for most of the plant cell wall, and their biosynthetic pathways and their regulation are largely unknown. Systematic collaborative efforts for defining the structure and impact on human health of beneficial fibers and elucidating the biosynthetic pathways and their regulation will open a great potential for biotechnological applications. C1 [Geshi, Naomi; Scheller, Henrik Vibe] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Fac Life Sci, VKR Res Ctr Proact Plants, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. [Petersen, Bent Larsen] Univ Irhus, Fac Agr Sci, Irhus, Denmark. [Scheller, Henrik Vibe] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Feedstocks Div, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Geshi, N (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Dept Plant Biol & Biotechnol, Fac Life Sci, VKR Res Ctr Proact Plants, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. EM nge@life.ku.dk RI Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008; Petersen, Bent/H-9437-2014 OI Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560; Petersen, Bent/0000-0002-2004-9077 NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-763-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2010 VL 1190 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05267.x PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BOX97 UT WOS:000277992500005 PM 20388136 ER PT B AU Frigo, JR Raby, EY Brennan, S Wolinski, C Wagner, C Charot, F Rosten, E Kulathumani, VK AF Frigo, Jan R. Raby, Eric Y. Brennan, Sean Wolinski, Christophe Wagner, Charles Charot, Francois Rosten, Edward Kulathumani, Vinod K. GP ACM TI Energy Efficient Sensor Node Implementations SO FPGA 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th ACM International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays CY FEB 21-23, 2010 CL Monterey, CA SP ACM SIGDA, Actel, Altera, Xilinx, Trimberger Family Fdn DE FPGA; DSP; Distributed Sensor Network (DSN); seismic; acoustic; video; vehicle classification AB In this paper, we discuss a low power embedded sensor node architecture we are developing for distributed sensor network systems deployed in a natural environment. In particular, we examine the sensor node for energy efficient processing-at-the-sensor. We analyze the following modes of operation; event detection, data acquisition, and data processing using low power, high performance embedded technology such as specialized embedded DSP processors and low power FPGAs at the sensing node. We use compute intensive sensor node applications: an acoustic vehicle classifier (frequency domain analysis) and a video license plate identification application (learning algorithm). We report performance and energy for these applications and discuss the system architecture design trade offs. C1 [Frigo, Jan R.; Raby, Eric Y.; Brennan, Sean] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Frigo, JR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ISR-3,MSD440, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM jfrigo@lanl.gov; raby@lanl.gov; brennan@lanl.gov; wolinski@irisa.fr; wagner@irisa.fr; charot@irisa.fr; er258@cam.ac.uk; Vinod.Kulathumani@mail.wvu.edu NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-911-4 PY 2010 BP 37 EP 40 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSN45 UT WOS:000285022000005 ER PT J AU Dowding, JM Lubitz, S Karakoti, A Kim, A Seal, S Ellisman, M Perkins, G Bossy-Wetzel, E Self, W AF Dowding, Janet M. Lubitz, Sarah Karakoti, Ajay Kim, Andrew Seal, Sudipta Ellisman, Mark Perkins, Guy Bossy-Wetzel, Ella Self, William TI Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Prevent Nitrosative Stress in Neuronal Cell Culture Model SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-Medicine /15th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International CY NOV 17-21, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Free Radi Biol Med, Soc Free Radi Res Int C1 [Dowding, Janet M.; Lubitz, Sarah; Karakoti, Ajay; Seal, Sudipta; Bossy-Wetzel, Ella; Self, William] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Karakoti, Ajay] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kim, Andrew; Ellisman, Mark; Perkins, Guy] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI Self, William/A-6704-2008 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2010 VL 49 SU 1 BP S181 EP S181 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.514 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 681VD UT WOS:000284348000523 ER PT J AU Singh, S Dowding, J Karakoti, A Seal, S Self, W AF Singh, Sanjay Dowding, Janet Karakoti, Ajay Seal, Sudipta Self, William TI Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Protect Cells Against Oxidative Stress Induced by Glutathione Depletion SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-Medicine /15th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research-International CY NOV 17-21, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Soc Free Radi Biol Med, Soc Free Radi Res Int C1 [Singh, Sanjay; Dowding, Janet; Karakoti, Ajay; Seal, Sudipta; Self, William] Univ Cent Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Karakoti, Ajay] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Self, William/A-6704-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2010 VL 49 SU 1 BP S198 EP S198 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.574 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 681VD UT WOS:000284348000583 ER PT J AU Efimov, A AF Efimov, Anatoly BE Pal, B TI Time-Spectral Visualization of Fundamental Ultrafast Nonlinear-Optical Interactions in Photonic Fibers SO FRONTIERS IN GUIDED WAVE OPTICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BAND CONTINUUM GENERATION; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; CRYSTAL FIBERS; DISPERSION WAVELENGTH; PULSE-PROPAGATION; WIDE-BAND; ZERO; SOLITONS; DYNAMICS; WAVE C1 [Efimov, Anatoly] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Efimov, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-7619-82-4 PY 2010 BP 139 EP 164 D2 10.5772/3033 PG 26 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BD7WK UT WOS:000363651900009 ER PT J AU Lalonde, S Sero, A Pratelli, R Pilot, G Chen, J Sardi, MI Parsa, SA Kim, DY Acharya, BR Stein, EV Hu, HC Villiers, F Takeda, K Yang, YZ Han, YS Schwacke, R Chiang, W Kato, N Loque, D Assmann, SM Kwak, JM Schroeder, JI Rhee, SY Frommer, WB AF Lalonde, Sylvie Sero, Antoinette Pratelli, Rejane Pilot, Guillaume Chen, Jin Sardi, Maria I. Parsa, Saman A. Kim, Do-Young Acharya, Biswa R. Stein, Erica V. Hu, Heng-Chen Villiers, Florent Takeda, Kouji Yang, Yingzhen Han, Yong S. Schwacke, Rainer Chiang, William Kato, Naohiro Loque, Dominique Assmann, Sarah M. Kwak, June M. Schroeder, Julian I. Rhee, Seung Y. Frommer, Wolf B. TI A membrane protein/signaling protein interaction network for Arabidopsis version AMPv2 SO FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein interaction; transport; split ubiquitin system; yeast two hybrid; receptor; kinase; phosphorylation AB Interactions between membrane proteins and the soluble fraction are essential for signal transduction and for regulating nutrient transport. To gain insights into the membrane-based interactome, 3,852 open reading frames (ORFs) out of a target list of 8,383 representing membrane and signaling proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana were cloned into a Gateway-compatible vector. The mating-based split ubiquitin system was used to screen for potential protein-protein interactions (pPPIs) among 490 Arabidopsis ORFs. A binary robotic screen between 142 receptor-like kinases (RLKs), 72 transporters, 57 soluble protein kinases and phosphatases, 40 glycosyltransferases, 95 proteins of various functions, and 89 proteins with unknown function detected 387 out of 90,370 possible PPIs. A secondary screen confirmed 343 (of 386) pPPIs between 179 proteins, yielding a scale-free network (r(2) = 0.863). Eighty of 142 transmembrane RLKs tested positive, identifying 3 homomers, 63 heteromers, and 80 pPPIs with other proteins. Thirty-one out of 142 RLK interactors (including RLKs) had previously been found to be phosphorylated; thus interactors may be substrates for respective RLKs. None of the pPPIs described here had been reported in the major interactome databases, including potential interactors of G-protein-coupled receptors, phospholipase C, and AMT ammonium transporters. Two RLKs found as putative interactors of AMT1; 1 were independently confirmed using a split luciferase assay in Arabidopsis protoplasts. These RLKs may be involved in ammonium-dependent phosphorylation of the C-terminus and regulation of ammonium uptake activity. The robotic screening method established here will enable a systematic analysis of membrane protein interactions in fungi, plants and metazoa. C1 [Lalonde, Sylvie; Sero, Antoinette; Pratelli, Rejane; Pilot, Guillaume; Chen, Jin; Sardi, Maria I.; Parsa, Saman A.; Kim, Do-Young; Rhee, Seung Y.; Frommer, Wolf B.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Acharya, Biswa R.; Assmann, Sarah M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Stein, Erica V.; Yang, Yingzhen; Schroeder, Julian I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Div Biol Sci Cell & Dev Biol, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Hu, Heng-Chen; Villiers, Florent; Takeda, Kouji; Han, Yong S.; Kwak, June M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Schwacke, Rainer] Univ Cologne, Botan Inst, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Chiang, William; Kato, Naohiro] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Loque, Dominique] Feedstocks, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Lalonde, S (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM slalonde@stanford.edu RI Kwak, June/G-8332-2011; Kato, Naohiro/B-2353-2008; Frommer, Wolf B/A-8256-2008; Loque, Dominique/A-8153-2008; OI Stein, Erica/0000-0001-8778-8846; Schroeder, Julian/0000-0002-3283-5972; Pilot, Guillaume/0000-0001-7520-1059 FU NSF [MCB-0618402] FX We thank the following researchers for donating clones: Joe Ecker (Salk Institute), Steven Clouse (NCSU), John M. Ward (University of Minnesota), Heven Sze (University of Maryland), Alan Jones (UNC), Gary Stacey (University of Missouri-Columbia), Henrik Vibe Scheller (JBEI/LBNL), Sebastien Thomine (CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette), Christophe Maurel (CNRS Montpellier), Klaus Harter (University of Tubingen), Ralph Panstruga (MPI for Plant Breeding Research), Jiri Friml (Ghent University), Markus Klein (Universitat Zurich), Enrico Martinoia (Universitat Zurich), and many others (please see www.associomics.org). We thank the ABRC stock center for distribution of the vectors and clones. We thank Angela Lam (Carnegie), William Monsell (Penn State), Aaron P. Smith (LSU), and Elena Batista (LSU) for excellent technical assistance. This work was made possible by an NSF Arabidopsis 2010 grant (MCB-0618402) to Wolf B. Frommer, Sarah M. Assmann, June M. Kwak, Seung Y. Rhee, and Julian I. Schroeder. NR 60 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 18 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-042X J9 FRONT PHYSIOL JI Front. Physiol. PY 2010 VL 1 AR 24 DI 10.3389/fphys.2010.00024 PG 14 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA V35UB UT WOS:000209172400022 PM 21423366 ER PT S AU Martin, KE Kopasz, JP McMurphy, KW AF Martin, Kathi Epping Kopasz, John P. McMurphy, Kevin W. BE Herring, AM Zawodzinski, TA Hamrock, SJ TI Status of Fuel Cells and the Challenges Facing Fuel Cell Technology Today SO FUEL CELL CHEMISTRY AND OPERATION SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fuel Cell Chemistry and Operation held at the 236th National Meeting of the America-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Fuel Chem AB The Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program supports research and development that has substantially improved the state-of-the-art in fuel cell technology, especially with regard to the major technical hurdles to fuel cell commercialization - durability, performance, and cost of fuel cell components and systems. In particular, membrane and catalyst structure and composition have been found to be critical in obtaining improved performance and durability. For example, advancements in alloy catalysts, novel catalyst supports, and mechanically-stabilized membranes have led to single-cell membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with platinum metal group loadings approaching the DOE 2015 MEA target that have a lifetime of 7,300 hours under voltage cycling, showing the potential to meet the DOE 2010 automotive fuel cell stack target of 5,000 hours (equivalent to 150,000 miles). In addition, improvements in the performance of alloy catalysts and membranes have helped improve overall performance and reduce the modeled cost of an 80-kW direct hydrogen fuel cell system for transportation projected to a volume of 500,000 units per year to $73/kW. While component research enabled such advances, innovation in characterization and analysis techniques has improved researchers' understanding of the processes that affect fuel cell performance and durability. An improved understanding of these processes will be key to making further progress in eliminating cost, durability, and performance challenges that remain for fuel cell technology. C1 [Martin, Kathi Epping] US DOE, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Martin, KE (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Kathi.Epping@ee.doe.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2569-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2010 VL 1040 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BVW22 UT WOS:000292954400001 ER PT S AU Mukherjee, PP Kang, Q Mukundan, R Borup, RL AF Mukherjee, P. P. Kang, Q. Mukundan, R. Borup, R. L. BE Williams, MC Krist, K Garland, N TI Numerical Modeling of Two-Phase Behavior in the PEFC Gas Diffusion Layer SO FUEL CELL SEMINAR 2009 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar and Exposition CY NOV 16-20, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA ID ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; FLOWS AB A critical performance limitation in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is attributed to the mass transport loss originating from suboptimal liquid water transport and flooding phenomena. Liquid water can block the porous pathways in the fibrous gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the catalyst layer (CL), thus hindering oxygen transport from the flow field to the electrochemically actives sites in the catalyst layer. The cathode GDL is the component primarily responsible for facilitating gas and liquid transport, therefore plays a major role in determining the water management of a PEFC and hence the mass transport loss. The underlying pore morphology and wetting characteristics have significant influence on the flooding dynamics in the GDL. In this paper, the study of the two-phase behavior and the durability implications due to the wetting characteristics in the carbon paper GDL are presented using a pore-scale modeling framework. C1 [Mukherjee, P. P.; Kang, Q.; Mukundan, R.; Borup, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kang, Qinjun/A-2585-2010; OI Kang, Qinjun/0000-0002-4754-2240; Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-166-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1149/1.3428980 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI60 UT WOS:000313482800009 ER PT S AU Marina, OA Pederson, LR Gemmen, R Gerdes, K Finklea, H Celik, IB AF Marina, O. A. Pederson, L. R. Gemmen, R. Gerdes, K. Finklea, H. Celik, I. B. BE Williams, MC Krist, K Garland, N TI Overview of SOFC Anode Interactions with Coal Gas Impurities SO FUEL CELL SEMINAR 2009 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar and Exposition CY NOV 16-20, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA ID SYNGAS AB An overview of the results of SOFC anode interactions with phosphorus, arsenic, selenium, sulfur, antimony, and hydrogen chloride as single contaminants or in combinations is discussed. Tests were performed using both anode-and electrolyte-supported cells in synthetic and actual coal gas for periods greater than 1000 hours. Post-test analyses were performed to identify reaction products formed and their distribution, and compared to phases expected from thermochemical modeling. The ultimate purpose of this work is to establish maximum permissible concentrations for impurities in coal gas, to aid in the selection of appropriate coal gas clean-up technologies. C1 [Marina, O. A.; Pederson, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gemmen, R.; Gerdes, K.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Finklea, H.; Celik, I. B.] West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Marina, OA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory through Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) program; US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEFG02-06ER46299]; NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory) [DEFG02-06ER46299]; WV State EPSCoR Office [DEFG02-06ER46299]; West Virginia University [DEFG02-06ER46299] FX A. Martinez (NETL) is thanked for preparing Figures 1 and 2. The authors would like to acknowledge technical assistance and fruitful discussion with many researchers from PNNL, NETL, and WVU. Support for this work is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory through the Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) program. Work at WVU is conducted under US DOE (Department of Energy) EPSCoR Program and jointly sponsored by US DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory), WV State EPSCoR Office and the West Virginia University under grant number DEFG02-06ER46299. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-166-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 363 EP 370 DI 10.1149/1.3429009 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI60 UT WOS:000313482800038 ER PT S AU Brosha, EL Sekhar, PK Mukundan, R Williamson, T Garzon, FH Woo, LY Glass, RS AF Brosha, Eric L. Sekhar, Praveen K. Mukundan, Rangachary Williamson, Todd Garzon, Fernando H. Woo, Leta Y. Glass, Robert S. BE Williams, MC Krist, K Garland, N TI Development of Sensors and Sensing Technology for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Applications SO FUEL CELL SEMINAR 2009 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar and Exposition CY NOV 16-20, 2009 CL Palm Springs, CA AB In this work, we present recent progress in our work to develop new sensors and sensing technology for future hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles. The first device is an electrochemical mixed potential sensor based on an indium-tin oxide/YSZ/Pt configuration prototype fabricated using commercial ceramic sensor manufacturing methods. This sensor has been designed to detect hydrogen in air and may serve in safety systems for vehicles or as a component of hydrogen infrastructure. The second device relies on a swept frequency acoustic method to non-invasively determine the state of charge of a hydride material contained within a sealed storage system. C1 [Brosha, Eric L.; Sekhar, Praveen K.; Mukundan, Rangachary; Williamson, Todd; Garzon, Fernando H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, POB 1663,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Woo, Leta Y.; Glass, Robert S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brosha, EL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sensors & Electrochem Devices Grp, POB 1663,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU US DOE Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Infrastructure Technologies; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DEAC52-07NA27344] FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the US DOE Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Infrastructure Technologies. We also acknowledge our LLNL collaborators Dr. Robert Glass and Dr. Leta Woo. Portions of this work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DEAC52-07NA27344. Support for hydrogen storage materials/ sensor research comes from the Hydrogen Engineering Center of Excellence. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-166-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.1149/1.3429020 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BDI60 UT WOS:000313482800049 ER PT J AU French, R Czernik, S AF French, Richard Czernik, Stefan TI Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass for biofuels production SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Biomass; Pyrolysis; Catalytic cracking; Zeolites; Mass spectroscopy ID REACTION PATHWAYS; OXYGENATE COMPONENTS; HZSM-5 ZEOLITE; BIO-OIL; HYDROCARBONS; CONVERSION; GASOLINE; TRANSFORMATION; FUELS AB Fast pyrolysis bio-oils currently produced in demonstration and semi-commercial plants have potential as a fuel for stationary power production using boilers or turbines but they require significant modification to become an acceptable transportation fuel. Catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis vapors using zeolites is a potentially promising method for removing oxygen from organic compounds and converting them to hydrocarbons. This work evaluated a set of commercial and laboratory-synthesized catalysts for their hydrocarbon production performance via the pyrolysis/catalytic cracking route. Three types of biomass feedstocks; cellulose, lignin, and wood were pyrolyzed (batch experiments) in quartz boats in physical contact with the catalysts at temperature ranging from 400 degrees C to 600 degrees C and catalyst-to-biomass ratios of 510 by weight. Molecular-beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) was used to analyze the product vapor and gas composition. The highest yield of hydrocarbons (approximately 16 wt.%, including 3.5 wt.% of toluene) was achieved using nickel, cobalt, iron, and gallium-substituted ZSM-5. Tests performed using a semi-continuous flow reactor allowed us to observe the change in the composition of the volatiles produced by the pyrolysis/catalytic vapor cracking reactions as a function of the catalyst time-on-stream. The deoxygenation activity decreased with time because of coke deposits formed on the catalyst. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [French, Richard; Czernik, Stefan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Czernik, S (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Bioenergy Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Stefan_Czernik@nrel.go FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs FX Financial support for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biomass Programs. NR 26 TC 262 Z9 279 U1 26 U2 262 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 91 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.011 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 538MX UT WOS:000273189700004 ER PT S AU Wills, JM Alouani, M Andersson, P Delin, A Eriksson, O Grechnyev, O AF Wills, John M. Alouani, Mebarek Andersson, Per Delin, Anna Eriksson, Olle Grechnyev, Oleksiy TI Full-Potential Electronic Structure Method: Energy and Force Calculations with Density Functional and Dynamical Mean Field Theory SO FULL-POTENTIAL ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE METHOD: ENERGY AND FORCE CALCULATIONS WITH DENSITY FUNCTIONAL AND DYNAMICAL MEAN FIELD THEORY SE Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences LA English DT Article; Book ID MAGNETIC-CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; TIN-ORBITAL METHOD; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TRANSITION-METAL SYSTEMS; QUASI-PARTICLE ENERGIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MAGNETOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; EXCHANGE-CORRELATION C1 [Wills, John M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Alouani, Mebarek] Univ Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7504, IPCMS, F-67034 Strasbourg Cx 2, France. [Andersson, Per] Swedish Def Res Agcy, FOI, Stockholm, Sweden. [Eriksson, Olle] Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Delin, Anna] Royal Inst Technol KTH, Deptartment Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grechnyev, Oleksiy] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, B Verkin Inst Low Temp Phys & Engn, UA-61103 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Wills, JM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jxw@lanl.gov; mea@ipcms.u-strasbg.fr; per.andersson@foi.se; annadel@kth.se; olle.eriksson@fysik.uu.se; shrike4625@yahoo.com RI Delin, Anna/P-2100-2014 OI Delin, Anna/0000-0001-7788-6127 NR 267 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0171-1873 BN 978-3-642-15143-9 J9 SPRINGER SER SOLID-S PY 2010 VL 167 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-15144-6 PG 180 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BSW23 UT WOS:000285944800001 ER PT J AU Raffray, AR Nygren, R Whyte, DG Abdel-Khalik, S Doerner, R Escourbiac, F Evans, T Goldston, RJ Hoelzer, DT Konishi, S Lorenzetto, P Merola, M Neu, R Norajitra, P Pitts, RA Rieth, M Roedig, M Rognlien, T Suzuki, S Tillack, MS Wong, C AF Raffray, A. R. Nygren, R. Whyte, D. G. Abdel-Khalik, S. Doerner, R. Escourbiac, F. Evans, T. Goldston, R. J. Hoelzer, D. T. Konishi, S. Lorenzetto, P. Merola, M. Neu, R. Norajitra, P. Pitts, R. A. Rieth, M. Roedig, M. Rognlien, T. Suzuki, S. Tillack, M. S. Wong, C. TI High heat flux components-Readiness to proceed from near term fusion systems to power plants SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Plasma-facing components; Divertor; ITER; DEMO; Fusion power plants ID PLASMA-FACING COMPONENTS; ALCATOR C-MOD; FERRITIC ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DIVERTOR CONCEPT; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; HELIUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; FABRICATION AB A present topic of high interest in magnetic fusion is the "gap" between near-term and long-term concepts for high heat flux components (HHFC), and in particular for divertors. This paper focuses on this issue with the aim of characterizing the international status of current HHFC design concepts for ITER and describing the different technologies needed in the designs being developed for fusion power plants. Critical material and physics aspects are highlighted while evaluating the Current readiness level of long-term concepts, identifying the design and R&D gaps, and discussing ways to bridge them. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Raffray, A. R.; Doerner, R.; Tillack, M. S.] Univ Calif San Diego, CER, EBU II, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Nygren, R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Whyte, D. G.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Abdel-Khalik, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Escourbiac, F.] IRFM, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Evans, T.; Wong, C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Goldston, R. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Hoelzer, D. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Konishi, S.] Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Lorenzetto, P.] Fus Energy, Barcelona 08019, Spain. [Merola, M.; Pitts, R. A.] ITER Org, Cadarache Ctr, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Neu, R.] EURATOM, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Norajitra, P.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Res 3, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Rieth, M.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Res 1, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Roedig, M.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Rognlien, T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Suzuki, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Fus Res & Dev Directorate, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. RP Raffray, AR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, CER, EBU II, Room 460,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM arraffray@ucsd.edu RI Rieth, Michael/E-4245-2017; Hoelzer, David/L-1558-2016; Neu, Rudolf /B-4438-2010 OI Rieth, Michael/0000-0002-6231-6241; Neu, Rudolf /0000-0002-6062-1955 NR 56 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 85 IS 1 BP 93 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2009.08.002 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 552JC UT WOS:000274284900014 ER PT J AU Petty, CC Austin, ME Lohr, J Luce, TC Makowski, MA Prater, R Harvey, RW Smirnov, AP AF Petty, C. C. Austin, M. E. Lohr, J. Luce, T. C. Makowski, M. A. Prater, R. Harvey, R. W. Smirnov, A. P. TI EFFECT OF PARTICLE TRANSPORT ON THE MEASURED ELECTRON CYCLOTRON CURRENT DRIVE PROFILE AT HIGH RELATIVE POWER DENSITY SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron cyclotron; current drive; particle transport ID DIII-D; DISCHARGES; TOKAMAK; JT-60U; WAVES AB Recent experiments on the DIII-D tokamak have examined the effect of particle transport on the electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) profile using measurements of the magnetic field pitch angles by motional Stark effect polarimetry. While previous ECCD studies on DIII-D did not observe any clear effects of transport, these new experiments at high ECCD power, low density, and radiation temperatures above 20 keV clearly demonstrate that the ECCD profile can be reduced and broadened compared to the Fokker-Planck code CQL3D predictions assuming no radial transport. A diffusion coefficient of approximate to 0.4 m(2)/s is required in CQL3D to reproduce the experimental ECCD profile at high relative power densities, while smaller diffusion coefficients are needed at low relative power densities. This level of transport is comparable to the effective particle transport rate needed to maintain the density profile but an order of magnitude less than the electron thermal diffusivity. While radial transport of the current-carrying electrons is potentially detrimental for applications that rely on strong localization of the noninductive current, this effect should be negligible on ITER owing to its large size and low relative power density. C1 [Petty, C. C.; Lohr, J.; Luce, T. C.; Prater, R.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Austin, M. E.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Makowski, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Harvey, R. W.; Smirnov, A. P.] CompX, Del Mar, CA 92014 USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM petty@fusion.gat.com RI Smirnov, Alexander /A-4886-2014 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 536JS UT WOS:000273041300002 ER PT J AU Caughman, JBO Fernandez, A Cappa, A Castejon, F Garcia-Regana, JM Rasmussen, DA Wilgen, JB AF Caughman, J. B. O. Fernandez, A. Cappa, A. Castejon, F. Garcia-Regana, J. M. Rasmussen, D. A. Wilgen, J. B. TI INITIAL ELECTRON BERNSTEIN WAVE EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ON THE TJ-II STELLARATOR SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron Bernstein wave; microwave emission; TJ-II stellarator ID CYCLOTRON EMISSION; MODE; PROJECT; PLASMA AB Thermal electron emission at 28 GHz has been measured on the TJ-II stellarator. The emission from neutral beam-heated overdense plasmas, where the plasma density is greater than the ordinary-mode (O-mode) cutoff density, is consistent with electron thermal emission from mode-converted electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) via the Bernstein wave to extraordinary mode to ordinary mode scenario (B-X-O). Emission from underdense plasmas without neutral beam injection is consistent with the measurement of oblique electron cyclotron emission. Electron Bernstein wave emission measurements are being made to determine the optimum launch angle for planned EBW heating experiments and also to provide an indication of electron temperature evolution in overdense plasmas on TJ-II. C1 [Caughman, J. B. O.; Rasmussen, D. A.; Wilgen, J. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fernandez, A.; Cappa, A.; Castejon, F.; Garcia-Regana, J. M.] EURATOM CIEMAT, Lab Nacl Fus, Madrid, Spain. RP Caughman, JBO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM caughmanjb@ornl.gov RI Castejon, Francisco/L-7341-2014; Caughman, John/R-4889-2016; Cappa, Alvaro/C-5614-2017 OI Castejon, Francisco/0000-0002-4654-0542; Caughman, John/0000-0002-0609-1164; Cappa, Alvaro/0000-0002-2250-9209 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Subdireccion General de Proyectos de Investigacion, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [ENE2004-06957] FX The authors would like to acknowledge helpful discussions with E. de la Luna of CIEMAT, currently working on JET, and G. Taylor of the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. A part of this work is performed under support of Spanish "Subdireccion General de Proyectos de Investigacion, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia" with reference ENE2004-06957. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 536JS UT WOS:000273041300005 ER PT J AU Leuer, JA Xiao, BJ Humphreys, DA Walker, ML Hyatt, AW Jackson, GL Mueller, D Penaflor, BG Piglowski, DA Johnson, RD Welander, AS Yuan, QP Wang, HZ Luo, JR AF Leuer, J. A. Xiao, B. J. Humphreys, D. A. Walker, M. L. Hyatt, A. W. Jackson, G. L. Mueller, D. Penaflor, B. G. Piglowski, D. A. Johnson, R. D. Welander, A. S. Yuan, Q. P. Wang, H. Z. Luo, J. R. CA East Team TI TOKAMAK START-UP MODELING AND DESIGN FOR EAST FIRST PLASMA CAMPAIGN SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EAST start-up; plasma initiation; first plasma ID ISX-B TOKAMAK; DIII-D; VACUUM VESSEL; DOUBLET-III; CYCLOTRON; PREIONIZATION; DISCHARGE; BREAKDOWN; WAVES AB The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) was the first shaped tokamak of megaampere scale to achieve plasma utilizing a fully superconducting poloidal field coil system, and it is addressing ITER relevant superconducting constraints associated with the breakdown, plasma formation, and initial plasma current ramp. Electric field production for plasma start-up is severely limited in fully superconducting machines as a consequence of constraints associated with coil and lead voltages and eddy current heating in the superconducting coils. Such constraints motivate the use of electromagnetic modeling codes to design start-up scenarios for these devices. The successful first plasma campaign of the EAST superconducting tokamak was greatly facilitated by extensive and careful planning, development of appropriate modeling, simulation and diagnostic tools, a highly flexible plasma control system, and a highly experienced international collaboration team. We describe the design and modeling tools used to develop the first plasma scenario along with results of their application in the start-up campaign. Control design tools and plasma control algorithms utilized during the first campaign are discussed. Key physics, engineering, and operations results of the first plasma campaign are presented, including observations relevant to future devices such as ITER. C1 [Leuer, J. A.; Humphreys, D. A.; Walker, M. L.; Hyatt, A. W.; Jackson, G. L.; Penaflor, B. G.; Piglowski, D. A.; Johnson, R. D.; Welander, A. S.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Xiao, B. J.; Yuan, Q. P.; Wang, H. Z.; Luo, J. R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Mueller, D.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Leuer, JA (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM leuer@fusion.gat.com RI Xiao, Bingjia/A-1681-2017; OI Xiao, Bingjia/0000-0001-8692-2636; Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-04ER54698, DE-AC0276CH03073] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC0276CH03073. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 57 IS 1 BP 48 EP 65 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 536JS UT WOS:000273041300006 ER PT J AU Preissl, R Schulz, M Kranzlmuller, D de Supinski, BR Quinlan, DJ AF Preissl, Robert Schulz, Martin Kranzlmueller, Dieter de Supinski, Bronis R. Quinlan, Daniel J. TI Transforming MPI source code based on communication patterns SO FUTURE GENERATION COMPUTER SYSTEMS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING-THEORY METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE MPI communication pattern; ROSE compiler framework; Source code transformation; Abstract syntax tree; Suffix tree AB A high-level understanding of communication behavior can facilitate performance optimization of HPC applications. In particular, MPI communication patterns can serve as the basis of code transformations that substitute more efficient operations for those originally used by the application developer. We present a novel algorithm for identifying MPI communication patterns and a mechanism to perform source code transformations based on the observed patterns. Our transformation mechanism, implemented within the ROSE compiler framework, modifies the abstract syntax tree based on static analysis that confirms the generalizability of the patterns that we detect. Our results demonstrate the efficiency of our approach. Our pattern detection algorithm. which we evaluate with realistic applications using traces from up to 128 processors as well as with simple benchmarks, has low overhead as input or job size grows. Our transformation mechanism quickly optimizes MPI source code by replacing MPI code fragments for collective operations through highly optimized native MPI functions and by increasing the overlapping of communication and computation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Preissl, Robert] Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, GUP, Dept Graph & Parallel Proc, Linz, Austria. [Schulz, Martin; de Supinski, Bronis R.; Quinlan, Daniel J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, CASC, Comp Sci Grp, Livermore, CA USA. [de Supinski, Bronis R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ADEPT, Adv Simulat & Comp Program, Livermore, CA USA. [Kranzlmueller, Dieter] Univ Munich, Dept Comp Sci, Munich, Germany. [Kranzlmueller, Dieter] Bavarian Acad Sci, Leibniz Supercomp Ctr LRZ, Garching, Germany. RP Preissl, R (reprint author), Johannes Kepler Univ Linz, GUP, Dept Graph & Parallel Proc, Linz, Austria. EM rpreissl@gup.jku.at FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We would like to thank Christof Klausecker and Thomas Kockerbauer from GUP Linz who are part of the g-Eclipse project for implementing the trace viewer, enabling us to visualize large MPI traces, and for their helpful comments improving the pattern detection algorithm. Also special thanks to the Austrian Grid Initiative for funding this project. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. (LLNL-JRNL-408081). NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-739X J9 FUTURE GENER COMP SY JI Futur. Gener. Comp. Syst. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 26 IS 1 BP 147 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.future.2009.05.017 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 513XK UT WOS:000271357200017 ER PT J AU Lotspeich, R AF Lotspeich, Richard BE Bellacqua, J TI Economic Integration of China and Russia in the Post-Soviet Era SO FUTURE OF CHINA-RUSSIA RELATIONS SE Asia in the New Millennium LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MIGRATION C1 [Lotspeich, Richard] Indiana State Univ, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Lotspeich, Richard] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Syst Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lotspeich, R (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV PRESS KENTUCKY PI LEXINGTON PA 102 LAFFERTY HALL, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON, KY 40506 USA BN 978-0-8131-2939-6 J9 ASIA NEW MILLENN PY 2010 BP 83 EP 145 PG 63 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA BAJ86 UT WOS:000304375000005 ER PT J AU Patton, RM Beckerman, BG Potok, TE Treadwell, JN AF Patton, Robert M. Beckerman, Barbara G. Potok, Thomas E. Treadwell, Jim N. BE Branke, J TI Genetic Algorithm for Analysis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Radiology Reports SO GECCO-2010 COMPANION PUBLICATION: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH ANNUAL GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) CY JUL 07-11, 2010 CL Portland, OR SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Genet & Evolutionary Computat (ACM SIGEVO) DE Genetic algorithm; abdominal aortic aneurysm; medical knowledge discovery; natural language processing AB An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a problem in which the wall of the artery that supplies blood to the abdomen and lower extremities expands under pressure or balloons outward. Patients must undergo surgery to repair such an aneurysm, and there is currently no known indicator of long-term success or failure from this surgery. Our work uses a genetic algorithm to analyze radiology reports from these patients to look for common patterns in the language used as well as common features of both successful and unsuccessful surgeries. The results of the genetic algorithm show that patients with complications or unusual characteristics can be identified from a set of radiology reports without the use of search keywords, clustering, categorization, or ontology. This allows medical researchers to search and identify interesting patient records without the need for explicitly defining what "interesting" patient records are. C1 [Patton, Robert M.; Beckerman, Barbara G.; Potok, Thomas E.; Treadwell, Jim N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Patton, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6085, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pattonrm@ornl.gov; beckermanbg@ornl.gov; potokte@ornl.gov; treadwelljn@ornl.gov OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435; Patton, Robert/0000-0002-8101-0571 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-0073-5 PY 2010 BP 1931 EP 1936 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BGA53 UT WOS:000322071400061 ER PT S AU Bailey, DH Borwein, JM AF Bailey, David H. Borwein, Jonathan M. BE Amdeberhan, T Medina, LA Moll, VH TI Experimental computation with oscillatory integrals SO GEMS IN EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS Special Session on Experimental Mathematics CY JAN 05, 2009 CL Washington, DC ID SINC AB A previous study by one of the present authors, together with D. Borwein and I. E. Leonard [8], studied the asymptotic behavior of the p-norm of the sinc function: sinc(x) = (sin x)/x and along the way looked at closed forms for integer values of p. In this study we address these integrals with the tools of experimental mathematics, namely by computing their numerical values to high precision, both as a challenge in itself, and also in an attempt to recognize the numerical values as closed-form constants. With this approach, we are able to reproduce several of the results of [8] and to find new results, both numeric and analytic, that go beyond the previous study. C1 [Bailey, David H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dhbailey@lbl.gov; jonathan.borwein@newcastle.edu.au NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-4869-2 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2010 VL 517 BP 25 EP 40 PG 16 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BQI98 UT WOS:000281138500003 ER PT S AU Bailey, DH Borwein, JM Broadhurst, D Zudilin, W AF Bailey, David H. Borwein, Jonathan M. Broadhurst, David Zudilin, Wadim BE Amdeberhan, T Medina, LA Moll, VH TI Experimental Mathematics and Mathematical Physics SO GEMS IN EXPERIMENTAL MATHEMATICS SE Contemporary Mathematics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AMS Special Session on Experimental Mathematics CY JAN 05, 2009 CL Washington, DC ID ISING-CLASS; INTEGRALS; COEFFICIENTS; VALUES; BESSEL AB One of the most effective techniques of experimental mathematics is to compute mathematical entities such as integrals, series or limits to high precision, then attempt to recognize the resulting numerical values. Recently these techniques have been applied with great success to problems in mathematical physics. Notable among these applications are the identification of some key multi-dimensional integrals that arise in Ising theory, quantum field theory and in magnetic spin theory. C1 [Bailey, David H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bailey, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dhbailey@lbl.gov; jonathan.borwein@newcastle.edu.au; D.Broadhurst@open.ac.uk; wadim.zudilin@newcastle.edu.au NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC PI PROVIDENCE PA P.O. BOX 6248, PROVIDENCE, RI 02940 USA SN 0271-4132 BN 978-0-8218-4869-2 J9 CONTEMP MATH PY 2010 VL 517 BP 41 EP 58 PG 18 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BQI98 UT WOS:000281138500004 ER PT J AU Torricelli, G Carapelli, A Convey, P Nardi, F Boore, JL Frati, F AF Torricelli, Giulia Carapelli, Antonio Convey, Peter Nardi, Francesco Boore, Jeffrey L. Frati, Francesco TI High divergence across the whole mitochondrial genome in the "pan-Antarctic" springtail Friesea grisea: Evidence for cryptic species? SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Collembola; Antarctica; mtDNA; Cryptic species ID CHAIN-REACTION PRIMERS; A+T-RICH REGION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SUBSTITUTION RATES; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; GLACIAL REFUGIA; HEXAPOD ORIGINS; APIS-MELLIFERA; VICTORIA LAND AB Collembola are one of the few hexapod groups adapted to live in the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. Diversity is limited to a few species that can be very abundant in coastal deglaciated sites. A remarkable lack of overlap in Collembola species composition is evident between Western and Eastern Antarctica, and Friesea grisea is currently the only species whose distribution is thought to span these two main regions of the continent. However, our analysis of the complete sequences of the mitochondrial genomes from specimens obtained from each of the two regions showed unexpected genetic divergence, well above the average levels observed between populations belonging to the same species, and so indicating that these are actually separate species, despite their lack of distinguishing morphology. Detailed analysis of the two genomes showed the presence of a non-coding region observed between trnS (uga) and nad1. Other features of these mitochondrial genomes, such as base compositional bias, secondary structure features of tRNAs and the presence of regulatory elements in the control region, are described and discussed from an evolutionary standpoint. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Torricelli, Giulia; Carapelli, Antonio; Nardi, Francesco; Frati, Francesco] Univ Siena, Dept Evolutionary Biol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. [Convey, Peter] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Genome Project Solut Inc, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Boore, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Carapelli, A (reprint author), Univ Siena, Dept Evolutionary Biol, Via A Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy. EM torricelli5@unisi.it; carapelli@unisi.it; pcon@bas.ac.uk; nardifra@unisi.it; JLBoore@GenomeProjectSolutions.com; frati@unisi.it RI Nardi, Francesco/E-5516-2011; OI CARAPELLI, Antonio/0000-0002-3165-9620 FU Italian Program of Research in Antarctica; Italian MIUR (PRIN); University of Siena FX This work was supported by grants from the Italian Program of Research in Antarctica (PNRA), the Italian MIUR (PRIN), and the University of Siena (PAR) to A.C. and F.F. This paper contributes to the BAS BIOFLAME and SCAR EBA research programs. NR 62 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 449 IS 1-2 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2009.09.006 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 523JA UT WOS:000272067900004 PM 19782734 ER PT S AU Thorne, KS Zurek, WH AF Thorne, Kip S. Zurek, Wojciech H. BE Ciufolini, I Matzner, RA TI John Archibald Wheeler: A Few Highlights of His Contributions to Physics SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND JOHN ARCHIBALD WHEELER SE Astrophysics and Space Science Library LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNIVERSE AB The following quotations describe in "nutshells" a few highlights of John Archibald Wheeler's contributions to physics. The contributions are arranged in roughly the following order: (i) concrete research results, (ii) innovative ideas that have become foundations for the research of others, (iii) insights that give guidance for the development of physics over the coming decades. Since most of Wheeler's work contains strong elements of two or even all three of these characteristics, the editors have not attempted to delineate the dividing lines between the three categories. C1 [Thorne, Kip S.] CALTECH, Div Phys & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Zurek, Wojciech H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thorne, KS (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Phys & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kip@caltech.edu; whz@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0067-0057 BN 978-90-481-3734-3 J9 ASTROPHYS SPACE SC L PY 2010 VL 367 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3735-0_3 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3735-0 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BPW42 UT WOS:000280150900003 ER PT B AU Wiser, R Hand, M AF Wiser, Ryan Hand, Maureen BE Sioshansi, FP TI Wind Power: How Much, How Soon, and at What Cost? SO GENERATING ELECTRICITY IN A CARBON-CONSTRAINED WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AIR ENERGY-STORAGE; RENEWABLE ENERGY; ELECTRICITY; PENETRATION; INTEGRATION; GENERATION; ECONOMICS; SYSTEMS; CARBON; IMPACT AB The global wind power market has been growing at a phenomenal pace, driven by favorable policies toward renewable energy and the improving economics of wind projects. Going forward, utility-scale wind power offers the potential for significant reductions in the carbon footprint of the electricity sector. Specifically, the global wind resource is vast and, though accessing this potential is not costless or lacking in barriers, wind power can be developed at scale in the near to medium term at what promises to be an acceptable cost. C1 [Wiser, Ryan] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hand, Maureen] Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Louisville, CO 80027 USA. RP Wiser, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-088971-9; 978-1-85617-655-2 PY 2010 BP 241 EP 269 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-655-2.00009-2 PG 29 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BEN01 UT WOS:000317423600012 ER PT J AU Denholm, P Drury, E Margolis, R Mehos, M AF Denholm, Paul Drury, Easan Margolis, Robert Mehos, Mark BE Sioshansi, FP TI Solar Energy: The Largest Energy Resource SO GENERATING ELECTRICITY IN A CARBON-CONSTRAINED WORLD LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRIC-POWER SYSTEMS; PHOTOVOLTAICS PV; TECHNOLOGIES; GENERATION; LIMITS AB The fraction of electricity generated by solar technologies is small but growing rapidly, with enormous potential to generate a large fraction of the world's electricity needs while significantly reducing global carbon emissions. Realizing this potential, however, will require overcoming both technical and economic barriers. In the short term, it will be important to decrease costs, improve solar conversion efficiency, and implement electricity rate structures that capture the time-varying value of solar-generated electricity. In the long term, challenges will include using material resources more efficiently, integrating intermittent PV electricity into the grid, and building transmission capacity for utility-scale solar generation systems linking areas with good solar resources to population centers. C1 [Denholm, Paul; Margolis, Robert; Mehos, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Drury, Easan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Energy Forecasting & Modeling Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mehos, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, High Temp Solar Thermal Team, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Mehos, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Concentrating Solar Power Program, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Denholm, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-088971-9 PY 2010 BP 271 EP 302 DI 10.1016/B978-1-85617-655-2.00010-9 PG 32 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BEN01 UT WOS:000317423600013 ER PT B AU Ellis, B Jansson, S Strauss, SH Tuskan, GA AF Ellis, Brian Jansson, Stefan Strauss, Steven H. Tuskan, Gerald A. BE Jansson, S Bhalerao, RP Groover, AT TI Why and How Populus Became a "Model Tree" SO GENETICS AND GENOMICS OF POPULUS SE Plant Genetics and Genomics Crops and Models LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB Although Populus was not a favored experimental system for very many plant biologists in 2000, P trichocarpa ultimately became only the third plant species to have its genome fully sequenced. Here we examine the many different factors that came into play when this species was abruptly elevated to the status of a new "model organism". C1 [Ellis, Brian] Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Tuskan, Gerald A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jansson, Stefan; Strauss, Steven H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ellis, B (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Michael Smith Labs, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM bee@interchange.ubc.ca; stefan.jansson@plantphys.umu.se; steve.strauss@oregonstate.edu; tuskanga@ornl.gov; stefan.jansson@plantphys.umu.se NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-1540-5 J9 PLANT GENET GENOMICS JI Plant Genet. Genom. Crops. Mod. PY 2010 VL 8 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1541-2_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1541-2 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Forestry GA BOC23 UT WOS:000276162100001 ER PT S AU De Sapio, V De Sapio, R AF De Sapio, Vincent De Sapio, Robin BE Paipetis, SA Ceccarelli, M TI MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE: THE ARCHIMEDEAN TRADITION OF ACQUIRING GEOMETRIC INSIGHT FROM MECHANICAL METAPHOR SO GENIUS OF ARCHIMEDES - 23 CENTURIES OF INFLUENCE ON MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SE History of Mechanism and Machine Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Genius of Archimedes (23 Centuries of Influence on the Fields of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering) CY JUN 08-10, 2010 CL Syracuse, ITALY SP Western Greece Region, Univ Patras, GEFYRA SA, Inst Culture & Qual Life, eRDA Innovat Ctr, City Syracuse, Univ Cassino, Catania Univ, Sch Architecture, Soprintendenza Beni Culturali & Archeologici Siracusa, Int Fed Promot Mech & Machine Sci, European Soc Hist Sci AB Archimedes' genius was derived in no small part from his ability to effortlessly interpret problems in both geometric and mechanical ways. We explore, in a modern context, the application of mechanical reasoning to geometric problem solving. The general form of this inherently Archimedean approach is described and it's specific use is demonstrated with regard to the problem of finding the geodesics of a surface. Archimedes' approach to thinking about problems may be his greatest contribution, and in that spirit we present some work related to teaching Archimedes' ideas at an elementary level. The aim is to cultivate the same sort of creative problem solving employed by Archimedes, in young students with nascent mechanical reasoning skills. C1 [De Sapio, Vincent] Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [De Sapio, Robin] Orinda Union Sch Dist, Orinda 94563, CA USA. RP De Sapio, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM vdesap@sandia.gov; rdesapio@orinda.k12.ca.us NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3442 BN 978-90-481-9090-4 J9 HIST MECH MACH SCI PY 2010 VL 11 BP 493 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9091-1_37 PG 3 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BSM35 UT WOS:000284914500037 ER PT J AU Faghihi, MA Zhang, M Huang, J Modarresi, F Van der Brug, MP Nalls, MA Cookson, MR St-Laurent, G Wahlestedt, C AF Faghihi, Mohammad Ali Zhang, Ming Huang, Jia Modarresi, Farzaneh Van der Brug, Marcel P. Nalls, Michael A. Cookson, Mark R. St-Laurent, Georges, III Wahlestedt, Claes TI Evidence for natural antisense transcript-mediated inhibition of microRNA function SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BETA-SECRETASE ACTIVITY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NONCODING RNA; MAMMALIAN TRANSCRIPTOME; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; DRUG TARGET; BACE1; HIF-1-ALPHA AB Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have the potential to regulate diverse sets of mRNA targets. In addition, mammalian genomes contain numerous natural antisense transcripts, most of which appear to be non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). We have recently identified and characterized a highly conserved non-coding antisense transcript for beta-secretase-1 (BACE1), a critical enzyme in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. The BACE1-antisense transcript is markedly up-regulated in brain samples from Alzheimer's disease patients and promotes the stability of the (sense) BACE1 transcript. Results: We report here that BACE1-antisense prevents miRNA-induced repression of BACE1 mRNA by masking the binding site for miR-485-5p. Indeed, miR-485-5p and BACE1-antisense compete for binding within the same region in the open reading frame of the BACE1 mRNA. We observed opposing effects of BACE1-antisense and miR-485-5p on BACE1 protein in vitro and showed that Locked Nucleic Acid-antimiR mediated knockdown of miR-485-5p as well as BACE1-antisense over-expression can prevent the miRNA-induced BACE1 suppression. We found that the expression of BACE1-antisense as well as miR-485-5p are dysregulated in RNA samples from Alzheimer's disease subjects compared to control individuals. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate an interface between two distinct groups of regulatory RNAs in the computation of BACE1 gene expression. Moreover, bioinformatics analyses revealed a theoretical basis for many other potential interactions between natural antisense transcripts and miRNAs at the binding sites of the latter. C1 [Faghihi, Mohammad Ali; Modarresi, Farzaneh; Van der Brug, Marcel P.; Wahlestedt, Claes] Scripps Florida, Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neurosci, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Wahlestedt, Claes] Scripps Florida, Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Therapeut, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. [Zhang, Ming] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huang, Jia] Miller Sch Med, Miami Inst Human Gen, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Nalls, Michael A.; Cookson, Mark R.] NIA, Neurogenet Lab, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [St-Laurent, Georges, III] Brown Univ, Dept Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Wahlestedt, C (reprint author), Scripps Florida, Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neurosci, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458 USA. EM clawah@scripps.edu FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [RO1 NS063974]; National Institute of Aging (NIA) [1RC2 AG036596] FX We are grateful to Drs Barbara G Sahagan, Douglas E Wood, Todd E Morgan and Caleb E Finch for providing human brain samples and to Dr Corinne Lasmezas for providing miRNA over-expression vectors. We are also grateful to Dr Jannet Kocerha for technical help and discussion. This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), RO1 NS063974, and from the National Institute of Aging (NIA), 1RC2 AG036596. This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIA. All authors affirm that there is no conflict of interest that would prejudice the impartiality of this original work. NR 55 TC 143 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 18 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-7596 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 5 AR R56 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-r56 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 622AS UT WOS:000279631000021 PM 20507594 ER PT J AU Mungall, CJ Gkoutos, GV Smith, CL Haendel, MA Lewis, SE Ashburner, M AF Mungall, Christopher J. Gkoutos, Georgios V. Smith, Cynthia L. Haendel, Melissa A. Lewis, Suzanna E. Ashburner, Michael TI Integrating phenotype ontologies across multiple species SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-GENOME; TOOL; INFORMATION; FRAMEWORK; EVOLUTION; DATABASE; BIOLOGY; ANATOMY; SUPPORT; MODEL AB Phenotype ontologies are typically constructed to serve the needs of a particular community, such as annotation of genotype-phenotype associations in mouse or human. Here we demonstrate how these ontologies can be improved through assignment of logical definitions using a core ontology of phenotypic qualities and multiple additional ontologies from the Open Biological Ontologies library. We also show how these logical definitions can be used for data integration when combined with a unified multi-species anatomy ontology. C1 [Mungall, Christopher J.; Lewis, Suzanna E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Dynam Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gkoutos, Georgios V.; Ashburner, Michael] Univ Cambridge, Dept Genet, Cambridge CB2 3EH, England. [Smith, Cynthia L.] Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. [Haendel, Melissa A.] Univ Oregon, Zebrafish Informat Network, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Mungall, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genome Dynam Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cjm@berkeleybop.org RI Smith, Cynthia/A-5646-2009 OI Mungall, Christopher/0000-0002-6601-2165; Haendel, Melissa/0000-0001-9114-8737; Lewis, Suzanna/0000-0002-8343-612X; Smith, Cynthia/0000-0003-3691-0324 FU NIH [U54 HG004028]; NHGRI/NIH [HG000330]; BBSRC [BG/G004358/1] FX CJM, GG, MAH, MA and SEL were funded by NIH grant U54 HG004028. CJM and SEL were also funded by NIH grant [BIRN number here]. CLS was funded by NHGRI/NIH grant HG000330. GG and MAH were also funded by BBSRC grant [BG/G004358/1]. Many thanks to Nicole Washington for comments on the manuscript. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful comments for improvement. NR 42 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 AR R2 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-1-r2 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 580FS UT WOS:000276433600010 PM 20064205 ER PT J AU Pennacchio, LA AF Pennacchio, Len A. TI Large-scale identification of tissue-specific enhancers in vivo SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pennacchio, Len A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pennacchio, Len A.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 SU 1 AR I7 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-S1-I7 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 674VT UT WOS:000283779100018 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, K Alabady, MS Varala, K De Paoli, E Ho, I Rokhsar, DS Arumuganathan, AK Ming, R Green, PJ Meyers, BC Moose, SP Hudson, ME AF Swaminathan, Kankshita Alabady, Magdy S. Varala, Kranthi De Paoli, Emanuele Ho, Isaac Rokhsar, Dan S. Arumuganathan, Aru K. Ming, Ray Green, Pamela J. Meyers, Blake C. Moose, Stephen P. Hudson, Matthew E. TI Genomic and small RNA sequencing of Miscanthus x giganteus shows the utility of sorghum as a reference genome sequence for Andropogoneae grasses SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAIZE GENOME; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; C-4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COLD TOLERANCE; COMPLEX GENOME; RIBOSOMAL DNA; TRNL-F; EVOLUTION; POACEAE; ADAPTATION AB Background: Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) is a perennial grass that produces superior biomass yields in temperate environments. The essentially uncharacterized triploid genome (3n = 57, x = 19) of Mxg is likely critical for the rapid growth of this vegetatively propagated interspecific hybrid. Results: A survey of the complex Mxg genome was conducted using 454 pyrosequencing of genomic DNA and Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis of small RNA. We found that the coding fraction of the Mxg genome has a high level of sequence identity to that of other grasses. Highly repetitive sequences representing the great majority of the Mxg genome were predicted using non-cognate assembly for de novo repeat detection. Twelve abundant families of repeat were observed, with those related to either transposons or centromeric repeats likely to comprise over 95% of the genome. Comparisons of abundant repeat sequences to a small RNA survey of three Mxg organs (leaf, rhizome, inflorescence) revealed that the majority of observed 24-nucleotide small RNAs are derived from these repetitive sequences. We show that high-copy-number repeats match more of the small RNA, even when the amount of the repeat sequence in the genome is accounted for. Conclusions: We show that major repeats are present within the triploid Mxg genome and are actively producing small RNAs. We also confirm the hypothesized origins of Mxg, and suggest that while the repeat content of Mxg differs from sorghum, the sorghum genome is likely to be of utility in the assembly of a gene-space sequence of Mxg. C1 [Swaminathan, Kankshita; Varala, Kranthi; Moose, Stephen P.; Hudson, Matthew E.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Swaminathan, Kankshita; Alabady, Magdy S.; Ming, Ray; Moose, Stephen P.; Hudson, Matthew E.] Univ Illinois, Energy Biosci Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Swaminathan, Kankshita; Alabady, Magdy S.; Ming, Ray; Moose, Stephen P.; Hudson, Matthew E.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [De Paoli, Emanuele; Green, Pamela J.; Meyers, Blake C.] Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Ho, Isaac; Rokhsar, Dan S.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Rokhsar, Dan S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrat Genom, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arumuganathan, Aru K.] Benaroya Res Inst Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Ming, Ray] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Green, Pamela J.] Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Hudson, ME (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM mhudson@illinois.edu RI Hudson, Matthew/A-4438-2008; Varala, Kranthi/A-2954-2013; Meyers, Blake/B-6535-2012 OI Hudson, Matthew/0000-0002-4737-0936; Varala, Kranthi/0000-0003-1051-6636; Meyers, Blake/0000-0003-3436-6097 FU Energy Biosciences Institute; NSF DBI [0638525] FX We thank Dr Jack Juvik (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) for providing tissue samples of Miscanthus accessions, Geoff Benn to for growth and sampling of plants used in DNA and RNA isolations, Dr Karen Hudson for critical reading of the manuscript, and the Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for generating the 454 sequencing data. Funding for the genome survey work and all analysis was provided by the Energy Biosciences Institute to SPM, MEH, RM and DR, unding for sRNA data was provided by NSF DBI #0638525 to BCM and PJG. NR 56 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 17 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 2 AR R12 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-2-r12 PG 18 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 580FX UT WOS:000276434300007 PM 20128909 ER PT J AU Wang, SL Peatman, E Abernathy, J Waldbieser, G Lindquist, E Richardson, P Lucas, S Wang, M Li, P Thimmapuram, J Liu, L Vullaganti, D Kucuktas, H Murdock, C Small, BC Wilson, M Liu, H Jiang, YL Lee, Y Chen, F Lu, JG Wang, WQ Xu, P Somridhivej, B Baoprasertkul, P Quilang, J Sha, ZX Bao, BL Wang, YP Wang, Q Takano, T Nandi, S Liu, SK Wong, LL Kaltenboeck, L Quiniou, S Bengten, E Miller, N Trant, J Rokhsar, D Liu, ZJ AF Wang, Shaolin Peatman, Eric Abernathy, Jason Waldbieser, Geoff Lindquist, Erika Richardson, Paul Lucas, Susan Wang, Mei Li, Ping Thimmapuram, Jyothi Liu, Lei Vullaganti, Deepika Kucuktas, Huseyin Murdock, Christopher Small, Brian C. Wilson, Melanie Liu, Hong Jiang, Yanliang Lee, Yoona Chen, Fei Lu, Jianguo Wang, Wenqi Xu, Peng Somridhivej, Benjaporn Baoprasertkul, Puttharat Quilang, Jonas Sha, Zhenxia Bao, Baolong Wang, Yaping Wang, Qun Takano, Tomokazu Nandi, Samiran Liu, Shikai Wong, Lilian Kaltenboeck, Ludmilla Quiniou, Sylvie Bengten, Eva Miller, Norman Trant, John Rokhsar, Daniel Liu, Zhanjiang CA Catfish Genome Consortium TI Assembly of 500,000 inter-specific catfish expressed sequence tags and large scale gene-associated marker development for whole genome association studies SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BAC-END SEQUENCES; CHANNEL CATFISH; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; INITIAL ANALYSIS; EST CLUSTERS; PHYSICAL MAP; LINKAGE MAP; MICROSATELLITES AB Background: Through the Community Sequencing Program, a catfish EST sequencing project was carried out through a collaboration between the catfish research community and the Department of Energy's Joint Genome Institute. Prior to this project, only a limited EST resource from catfish was available for the purpose of SNP identification. Results: A total of 438,321 quality ESTs were generated from 8 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and 4 blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) libraries, bringing the number of catfish ESTs to nearly 500,000. Assembly of all catfish ESTs resulted in 45,306 contigs and 66,272 singletons. Over 35% of the unique sequences had significant similarities to known genes, allowing the identification of 14,776 unique genes in catfish. Over 300,000 putative SNPs have been identified, of which approximately 48,000 are high-quality SNPs identified from contigs with at least four sequences and the minor allele presence of at least two sequences in the contig. The EST resource should be valuable for identification of microsatellites, genome annotation, large-scale expression analysis, and comparative genome analysis. Conclusions: This project generated a large EST resource for catfish that captured the majority of the catfish transcriptome. The parallel analysis of ESTs from two closely related Ictalurid catfishes should also provide powerful means for the evaluation of ancient and recent gene duplications, and for the development of high-density microarrays in catfish. The inter-and intra-specific SNPs identified from all catfish EST dataset assembly will greatly benefit the catfish introgression breeding program and whole genome association studies. C1 [Wang, Shaolin; Peatman, Eric; Abernathy, Jason; Li, Ping; Kucuktas, Huseyin; Liu, Hong; Jiang, Yanliang; Lee, Yoona; Chen, Fei; Lu, Jianguo; Wang, Wenqi; Xu, Peng; Somridhivej, Benjaporn; Baoprasertkul, Puttharat; Quilang, Jonas; Sha, Zhenxia; Bao, Baolong; Wang, Yaping; Wang, Qun; Takano, Tomokazu; Nandi, Samiran; Liu, Shikai; Wong, Lilian; Kaltenboeck, Ludmilla; Liu, Zhanjiang] Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Waldbieser, Geoff; Murdock, Christopher; Small, Brian C.; Quiniou, Sylvie] ARS, USDA, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. [Lindquist, Erika; Richardson, Paul; Lucas, Susan; Wang, Mei; Rokhsar, Daniel] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Genom Technol Dept, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Thimmapuram, Jyothi; Liu, Lei; Vullaganti, Deepika] Univ Illinois, WM Keck Ctr Comparat & Funct Genom, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Wilson, Melanie; Bengten, Eva; Miller, Norman] Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. [Trant, John] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Rokhsar, Daniel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liu, ZJ (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Fish Mol Genet & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Fisheries & Allied Aquacultures, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM liuzhan@auburn.edu RI Liu, Shikai /D-4664-2013; Xu, Peng/J-4018-2012; Wang, Qun/I-7778-2013; Wang, Shaolin/M-2282-2013; OI Liu, Shikai /0000-0001-5777-489X; Wang, Qun/0000-0001-7929-7692; Wang, Shaolin/0000-0003-0866-4584; Abernathy, Jason/0000-0001-6084-8239 FU Joint Genome Institute of the Department of Energy; USDA NRI [2006-35616-16685] FX This project was supported by the Community Sequencing Program of the Joint Genome Institute of the Department of Energy, and partially by grants from USDA NRI Animal Genome Basic Genome Reagents and Tools Program (USDA/NRICGP award # 2006-35616-16685 and USDA/NRICGP award # 2009-35205 05101) and by USDA ARS (CRIS 6402-31000-008-00). The sequencing work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-06NA25396. Thanks are given to Alabama Supercomputer Center for providing the computer capacity for the bioinformatics analysis of the ESTs. We are grateful to The Catfish Genome Consortium that supported this Community Sequencing Project, and the consortium is composed of those in the authorship as well as the following in an alphabetical order: Jerald Ainsworth, Ihan Altinok, Cova R Arias, Joel A Bader, Anita L Bilodeau, Curtis Bird, Jan Bogerd, Brian G Bosworth, Richard C Bruch, Karen Burnett, John T Caprio, Jesse Chappell, Nagaraj Chatakondi, Gregory Chinchar, Walton W Dickhoff, Richard T DiGiulio, Cunming Duan, Mary V Duke, Rex A Dunham, Steve Gabel, Troy A Giambernardi, WL Gray, Eric D Green, Larry A Hanson, Michael Hardman, Chongbo He, Jun-ichi Hikima, Alison Hutson, Liliana Jaso-Friedmann, Zhenlin Ju, Attila Karsi, Kevin Kelley, David Kingsley, Conrad Kleinholz, Philip H Klesius, Arif Kocabas, Won Kyo Lee, Mara Lennard, Wayne Litaker, Gary W Litman, Craig J Lobb, George Luker, Brad G Magor, Thomas J McConnell, William Muir, Edward Noga, Kenneth Nusbaum, Donald D Ourth, Victor Panangala, Reynaldo Patino, Brian C Peterson, Ronald Phelps, Karen P Plant, John H Postlethwait, Herbert E Quintero, Daniel Rodriguez, Holly L Saunders, Brian Scheffler, Tom Schwedler, Richard A Shelby, William Simco, Craig A Shoemaker, Letong Tang, Jeff Terhune, Ronald L Thune, Terrence R Tiersch, Gregory W Warr, Thomas Welker, Monte Westerfield, Kristie L Willett, Kenneth Williams, Richard Winn, Changgong Wu, Dehai Xu, Roger Yant, Hung-Y Yeh, Yonathan Zohar, and Jun Zou NR 44 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 12 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 AR R8 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-1-r8 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 580FS UT WOS:000276433600009 PM 20096101 ER PT J AU Wortman, J Giglio, M Creasy, H Chen, A Liolios, K Chu, K Davidovics, N Mazaitis, M DeSantis, T Singh, N Orvis, J Crabtree, J Felix, V Jordan, C Mahurkar, A Knight, R Andersen, G Kyrpides, N Markowitz, V White, O AF Wortman, Jennifer Giglio, Michelle Creasy, Heather Chen, Amy Liolios, Konstantinos Chu, Ken Davidovics, Noam Mazaitis, Mark DeSantis, Todd Singh, Navjeet Orvis, Joshua Crabtree, Jonathan Felix, Victor Jordan, Catherine Mahurkar, Anup Knight, Rob Andersen, Gary Kyrpides, Nikos Markowitz, Victor White, Owen TI A data analysis and coordination center for the human microbiome project SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wortman, Jennifer; Giglio, Michelle; Creasy, Heather; Davidovics, Noam; Mazaitis, Mark; Orvis, Joshua; Crabtree, Jonathan; Felix, Victor; Jordan, Catherine; Mahurkar, Anup; White, Owen] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Genome Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Chen, Amy; Chu, Ken; DeSantis, Todd; Singh, Navjeet; Andersen, Gary; Markowitz, Victor] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liolios, Konstantinos; Kyrpides, Nikos] Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Knight, Rob] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2010 VL 11 SU 1 AR O13 DI 10.1186/gb-2010-11-S1-O13 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 674VT UT WOS:000283779100024 ER PT J AU Vaishampayan, PA Kuehl, JV Froula, JL Morgan, JL Ochman, H Francino, MP AF Vaishampayan, Parag A. Kuehl, Jennifer V. Froula, Jeffrey L. Morgan, Jenna L. Ochman, Howard Pilar Francino, M. TI Comparative Metagenomics and Population Dynamics of the Gut Microbiota in Mother and Infant SO GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bacteroides; Bifidobacterium; gut microbiota; community genomics; bacterial population genetics ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; SEQUENCE DATA; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; BACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION AB Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of human infants with a suitable microbial community is essential for numerous aspects of health, but the progression of events by which this microbiota becomes established is poorly understood. Here, we investigate two previously unexplored areas of microbiota development in infants: the deployment of functional capabilities at the community level and the population genetics of its most abundant genera. To assess the progression of the infant microbiota toward an adult-like state and to evaluate the contribution of maternal GIT bacteria to the infant gut, we compare the infant's microbiota with that of the mother at 1 and 11 months after delivery. These comparisons reveal that the infant's microbiota rapidly acquires and maintains the range of gene functions present in the mother, without replicating the phylogenetic composition of her microbiota. Microdiversity analyses for Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, two of the main microbiota constituents, reveal that by 11 months, the phylotypes detected in the infant are distinct from those in the mother, although the maternal Bacteroides phylotypes were transiently present at 1 month of age. The configuration of genetic variants within these genera reveals populations far from equilibrium and likely to be undergoing rapid growth, consistent with recent population turnovers. Such compositional turnovers and the associated loss of maternal phylotypes should limit the potential for long-term coadaptation between specific bacterial and host genotypes. C1 [Vaishampayan, Parag A.; Kuehl, Jennifer V.; Froula, Jeffrey L.; Morgan, Jenna L.; Pilar Francino, M.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Evolutionary Genom Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Ochman, Howard] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ochman, Howard] Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Francino, MP (reprint author), UVEG, Inst Cavanilles, Unitat Mixta Invest Genom & Salut, Ctr Super Invest Salut Publ, Valencia, Spain. EM Francino_pil@gva.es RI Francino, M. Pilar/H-9090-2015 OI Francino, M. Pilar/0000-0002-4510-5653 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 DK66288]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX We thank Falk Warnecke for introducing us to the ARB package, Edward Kirton for processing sequencing data through the Genelib pipeline, Kostas Mavrommatis and Ernest Szeto for assistance with IMG, Juan Jose Abellan for statistical advice, and Becky Nankivell and Shubhangi Kadhe for help in the preparation of the figures. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant number R01 DK66288 to M. P. F.). This work has been performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC03-76SF00098. NR 57 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1759-6653 J9 GENOME BIOL EVOL JI Genome Biol. Evol. PY 2010 VL 2 BP 53 EP 66 DI 10.1093/gbe/evp057 PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 633DP UT WOS:000280480000007 PM 20333224 ER PT J AU Wurtzel, O Sapra, R Chen, F Zhu, YW Simmons, BA Sorek, R AF Wurtzel, Omri Sapra, Rajat Chen, Feng Zhu, Yiwen Simmons, Blake A. Sorek, Rotem TI A single-base resolution map of an archaeal transcriptome SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENCODED ANTISENSE RNAS; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; TRANSLATION INITIATION; NONCODING RNAS; TATA BOX; BACTERIA; GENOME; MECHANISMS; IDENTIFICATION; PROMOTER AB Organisms of the third domain of life, the Archaea, share molecular characteristics both with Bacteria and Eukarya. These organisms attract scientific attention as research models for regulation and evolution of processes such as transcription, translation, and RNA processing. We have reconstructed the primary transcriptome of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, one of the most widely studied model archaeal organisms. Analysis of 625 million bases of sequenced cDNAs yielded a single-base-pair resolution map of transcription start sites and operon structures for more than 1000 transcriptional units. The analysis led to the discovery of 310 expressed noncoding RNAs, with an extensive expression of overlapping cis-antisense transcripts to a level unprecedented in any bacteria or archaea but resembling that of eukaryotes. As opposed to bacterial transcripts, most Sulfolobus transcripts completely lack 5'-UTR sequences, suggesting that mRNA/ncRNA interactions differ between Bacteria and Archaea. The data also reveal internal hotspots for transcript cleavage linked to RNA degradation and predict sequence motifs that promote RNA destabilization. This study highlights transcriptome sequencing as a key tool for understanding the mechanisms and extent of RNA-based regulation in Bacteria and Archaea. C1 [Wurtzel, Omri; Sorek, Rotem] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Sapra, Rajat; Simmons, Blake A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Sapra, Rajat; Simmons, Blake A.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Chen, Feng; Zhu, Yiwen] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Zhu, Yiwen] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sorek, R (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Mol Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM rotem.sorek@weizmann.ac.il OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU Alon Fellowship; Y. Leon Benoziyo Institute for Molecular Medicine; The Crown Human Genome Center; M.D. Moross Institute for Cancer Research; Kahn Center for Systems Biology of the Human Cell; Azrieli Foundation FX We thank Naama Barkai, Dvir Dahary, Zohar Biron-Sorek, Debbie Lindell, Oded Beja, Bareket Dassa, Gil Amitai, Yonit Halperin, Shula Michaeli, Igor Ulitsky, and Gadi Schuster for scientific discussion and comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We also thank David Bernick for assistance in the RNA preparation protocols, and Shirley Horn-Saban and Daniella Amann-Zalcenstein for assistance in Illumina sequencing. R. S. was supported by the Alon Fellowship, the Y. Leon Benoziyo Institute for Molecular Medicine, The Crown Human Genome Center, and the M.D. Moross Institute for Cancer Research. O.W. was supported by the Kahn Center for Systems Biology of the Human Cell, and is grateful to the Azrieli Foundation for the award of an Azrieli Fellowship. NR 39 TC 187 Z9 193 U1 3 U2 26 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 20 IS 1 BP 133 EP 141 DI 10.1101/gr.100396.109 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 539JF UT WOS:000273249500014 PM 19884261 ER PT S AU Skurikhin, AN AF Skurikhin, A. N. BE Addink, EA VanCoillie, FMB TI PATCH-BASED IMAGE SEGMENTATION OF SATELLITE IMAGERY USING MINIMUM SPANNING TREE CONSTRUCTION SO GEOBIA 2010: GEOGRAPHIC OBJECT-BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS SE International Archives of the Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP Int Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing DE Segmentation; Laplacian; Delaunay Triangulation; Minimum Spanning Tree ID MEAN SHIFT; ALGORITHM AB We present a method for hierarchical image segmentation and feature extraction. This method builds upon the combination of the detection of image spectral discontinuities using Canny edge detection and the image Laplacian, followed by the construction of a hierarchy of segmented images of successively reduced levels of details. These images are represented as sets of polygonized pixel patches (polygons) attributed with spectral and structural characteristics. This hierarchy forms the basis for object-oriented image analysis. To build fine level-of-detail representation of the original image, seed partitions (polygons) are built upon a triangular mesh composed of irregular sized triangles, whose spatial arrangement is adapted to the image content. This is achieved by building the triangular mesh on the top of the detected spectral discontinuities that form a network of constraints for the Delaunay triangulation. A polygonized image is represented as a spatial network in the form of a graph with vertices which correspond to the polygonal partitions and graph edges reflecting pairwise partitions relations. Image graph partitioning is based on the iterative graph contraction using Boruvka's Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm. An important characteristic of the approach is that the agglomeration of partitions is constrained by the detected spectral discontinuities; thus the shapes of agglomerated partitions are more likely to correspond to the outlines of real-world objects. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skurikhin, AN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Grp, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM alexei@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2194-9034 J9 INT ARCH PHOTOGRAMM PY 2010 VL 38-4-C7 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD1WL UT WOS:000358414100067 ER PT J AU Reardon, CL Dohnalkova, AC Nachimuthu, P Kennedy, DW Saffarini, DA Arey, BW Shi, L Wang, Z Moore, D Mclean, JS Moyles, D Marshall, MJ Zachara, JM Fredrickson, JK Beliaev, AS AF Reardon, C. L. Dohnalkova, A. C. Nachimuthu, P. Kennedy, D. W. Saffarini, D. A. Arey, B. W. Shi, L. Wang, Z. Moore, D. Mclean, J. S. Moyles, D. Marshall, M. J. Zachara, J. M. Fredrickson, J. K. Beliaev, A. S. TI Role of outer-membrane cytochromes MtrC and OmcA in the biomineralization of ferrihydrite by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO GEOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON-TRANSFER; DISSIMILATORY IRON REDUCTION; C-TYPE CYTOCHROMES; GEOBACTER-SULFURREDUCENS; PUTREFACIENS MR-1; OXIDE REDUCTION; HIGH-AFFINITY; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; BACTERIAL NANOWIRES AB In an effort to improve the understanding of electron transfer mechanisms at the microbe-mineral interface, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 mutants with in-frame deletions of outer-membrane cytochromes (OMCs), MtrC and OmcA, were characterized for the ability to reduce ferrihydrite (FH) using a suite of microscopic, spectroscopic, and biochemical techniques. Analysis of purified recombinant proteins demonstrated that both cytochromes undergo rapid electron exchange with FH in vitro with MtrC displaying faster transfer rates than OmcA. Immunomicroscopy with cytochrome-specific antibodies revealed that MtrC co-localizes with iron solids on the cell surface while OmcA exhibits a more diffuse distribution over the cell surface. After 3-day incubation of MR-1 with FH, pronounced reductive transformation mineral products were visible by electron microscopy. Upon further incubation, the predominant phases identified were ferrous phosphates including vivianite [Fe(3)(PO(4))(2)center dot 8H(2)O] and a switzerite-like phase [Mn(3),Fe(3)(PO(4))(2)center dot 7H(2)O] that were heavily colonized by MR-1 cells with surface-exposed outer-membrane cytochromes. In the absence of both MtrC and OmcA, the cells ability to reduce FH was significantly hindered and no mineral transformation products were detected. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of the outer-membrane cytochromes in the reductive transformation of FH and support a role for direct electron transfer from the OMCs at the cell surface to the mineral. C1 [Reardon, C. L.; Dohnalkova, A. C.; Nachimuthu, P.; Kennedy, D. W.; Arey, B. W.; Shi, L.; Wang, Z.; Moore, D.; Marshall, M. J.; Zachara, J. M.; Fredrickson, J. K.; Beliaev, A. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Saffarini, D. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Moyles, D.] Univ Guelph, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Beliaev, AS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jim.fredrickson@pnl.gov; alex.beliaev@pnl.gov RI Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; McLean, Jeffrey/A-8014-2012; Beliaev, Alexander/E-8798-2016; OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; McLean, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9934-5137; Beliaev, Alexander/0000-0002-6766-4632; Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); EMSL; OBER [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX We thank Dr Heather Owen and Sheetal Shirodkar for assistance with the electron microscopy imaging, Anthony Addlagatta for help with the micro-XRD analysis, and Dr Margaret Romine, Samantha Bree Reed, David E. Culley and Yang Zhang for mutant construction and complementation analysis. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research under the Genomics:GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium, by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Biogeochemistry Grand Challenge and by EMSL Scientific Grand Challenge project at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by OBER and located at PNNL. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 68 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 45 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1472-4677 J9 GEOBIOLOGY JI Geobiology PD JAN PY 2010 VL 8 IS 1 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00226.x PG 13 WC Biology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 533PL UT WOS:000272836600005 PM 20002197 ER PT J AU Marty, B Zimmermann, L Burnard, PG Wieler, R Heber, VS Burnett, DL Wiens, RC Bochsler, P AF Marty, Bernard Zimmermann, Laurent Burnard, Peter G. Wieler, Rainer Heber, Veronika S. Burnett, Donald L. Wiens, Roger C. Bochsler, Peter TI Nitrogen isotopes in the recent solar wind from the analysis of Genesis targets: Evidence for large scale isotope heterogeneity in the early solar system SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC-MATTER; CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES; LUNAR REGOLITH; D/H RATIO; ABUNDANCES; ARGON; NEON; FRACTIONATION; METEORITES; HYDROGEN AB We have analyzed nitrogen, neon and argon abundances and isotopic ratios in target material exposed in space for 27 months to solar wind (SW) irradiation during the Genesis mission. SW ions were extracted by sequential UV (193 nm) laser ablation of gold-plated material, purified separately in a dedicated line, and analyzed by gas source static mass spectrometry. We analyzed gold-covered stainless steel pieces from the Concentrator, a device that concentrated SW ions by a factor of up to 50. Despite extensive terrestrial N contamination, we could identify a non-terrestrial, (15)N-depleted nitrogen end-member that points to a 40% depletion of 15 N in solar-wind N relative to inner planets and meteorites, and define a composition for the present-day Sun ((15)N/(14)N = [2.26 +/- 0.67] X 10(-3) 2 sigma), which is indistinguishable from that of Jupiter's atmosphere. These results indicate that the isotopic composition of nitrogen in the outer convective zone of the Sun has not changed through time, and is representative of the protosolar nebula. Large (15)N enrichments due to e.g., irradiation, low temperature isotopic exchange, or contributions from (15)N-rich presolar components, are therefore required to account for inner planet values. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Marty, Bernard; Zimmermann, Laurent; Burnard, Peter G.] Nancy Univ, Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, INSU, CNRS, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. [Wieler, Rainer; Heber, Veronika S.] ETH, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Burnett, Donald L.] CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wiens, Roger C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bochsler, Peter] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Marty, B (reprint author), Nancy Univ, Ctr Rech Petrog & Geochim, INSU, CNRS, BP20, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM bmarty@crpg.cnrs-nancy.fr RI Wieler, Rainer/A-1355-2010 OI Wieler, Rainer/0000-0001-5666-7494 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Institut National des Sciences de I'Univers; Region Lorraine; The Swiss National Science Foundation; NASA through the Genesis mission FX We are grateful to J.H. Allton, A.J.G. Jurewicz and the Genesis Curation team at Johnson Space Center, NASA, Houston (USA) for excellent sample selection and preparation. We are also thankful to the Concentrator instrument team at Los Alamos National Laboratory for providing blanks and information on the gold cross. F. Gaboriau, LCPME, Vandoeuvre les Nancy (France) helped for atomic force microscopy analysis of test samples. S. Sestak and I.A. Franchi did ozone cleaning of the samples at the Open University, Milton Keynes (UK). J.I. Matsuda kindly provided the 3He/4He gas sample used in this study. We thank the members of the Genesis Science Team for constructive interactions during the last 6 years. The manuscript benefitted from stimulating reviews by A. Verchovsky, F. Robert and an anonymous reviewer, and from careful editing by G. Herzog. This study was funded by Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Institut National des Sciences de I'Univers, Region Lorraine, The Swiss National Science Foundation, and NASA through the Genesis mission. NR 65 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 1 BP 340 EP 355 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2009.09.007 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 537JR UT WOS:000273109700023 ER PT J AU Swift, PN AF Swift, P. N. BE Ahn, J Apted, MJ TI Safety assessment for deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in geological repository systems SO GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY SYSTEMS FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUELS AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE safety assessment; performance assessment; geologic repositories; spent nuclear fuel; high-level radioactive waste AB Safety assessments estimate the long-term performance of geologic repositories for radioactive waste using quantitative models. This paper reviews regulatory standards, the iterative relationship between site characterization and safety assessment, selection of scenarios for analysis and the development of computational models and their linkage into a system analysis. Uncertainty must be acknowledged, and can be accounted for using both conservative deterministic and probabilistic approaches. In addition to generating performance estimates for comparison to regulatory standards, safety assessments can also guide research and model development, evaluate design alternatives, enhance the scientific understanding of the system and contribute to public acceptance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Swift, PN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 1369, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pnswift@sandia.gov NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-978-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2010 IS 9 BP 497 EP 521 D2 10.1533/9781845695422 PG 25 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BRQ28 UT WOS:000283424700016 ER PT B AU Helton, JC Sallaberry, CJ AF Helton, J. C. Sallaberry, C. J. BE Ahn, J Apted, MJ TI Treatment of uncertainty in performance assessments for the geological disposal of radioactive waste SO GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY SYSTEMS FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUELS AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE aleatory uncertainty; epistemic uncertainty; performance assessment; radioactive waste disposal; sensitivity analysis; uncertainty analysis ID PREDICTOR SMOOTHING METHODS; ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENTS; INPUT VARIABLES; COMPLEX-SYSTEMS; EPISTEMIC UNCERTAINTY; STATISTICAL-METHODS; RANK CORRELATION AB The treatment of uncertainty in performance assessments for the geological disposal of radioactive waste is discussed and illustrated. The following topics are considered: (1) the conceptual design and structure of a performance assessment including the separation of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty, (2) the numerical propagation of uncertainty, (3) the computational design of a performance assessment, and (4) sampling-based methods for sensitivity analysis. The presented concepts and techniques are illustrated with results from the 2008 performance assessment for the proposed repository for high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. C1 [Sallaberry, C. J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 6783, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Helton, J. C.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1545, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jchelto@sandia.gov; cnsalla@sandia.gov NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-978-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2010 IS 9 BP 547 EP 579 D2 10.1533/9781845695422 PG 33 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BRQ28 UT WOS:000283424700018 ER PT J AU Jenni, KE van Luik, A AF Jenni, K. E. van Luik, A. BE Ahn, J Apted, MJ TI Assessment of expert judgments for safety analyses and performance assessment of geological repository systems SO GEOLOGICAL REPOSITORY SYSTEMS FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OF SPENT NUCLEAR FUELS AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE expert elicitation; multiple experts; aggregation of expert judgments; quantifying uncertainty ID PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; DECISION-ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY; APPROXIMATIONS; METHODOLOGY; VARIABLES AB Expert judgments are used throughout safety analyses and performance assessments for geological disposal facilities. The term 'expert elicitation' in this area has come to be associated with multi-expert, multi-year studies focused on assessing expert judgments about highly complex, highly uncertain factors such as seismic and volcanic hazards. Less attention has been paid to the many other ways in which expert judgment is used and on the availability of structured approaches to improve both the quantification and the documentation of those expert judgments. Depending on the application, there are less intensive approaches to bringing discipline to the process of assessing, using and documenting expert judgment. C1 [Jenni, K. E.] Insight Decis LLC, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [van Luik, A.] US DOE, Off Civilian Radioact Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV 89134 USA. RP Jenni, KE (reprint author), Insight Decis LLC, 1616 17th St,Suite 268, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM kjenni@insightdecisions.com; abe.vanluik@ymp.gov NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-978-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2010 IS 9 BP 580 EP 609 D2 10.1533/9781845695422 PG 30 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BRQ28 UT WOS:000283424700019 ER PT J AU Weil, AB Yonkee, A Sussman, A AF Weil, Arlo Brandon Yonkee, Adolph Sussman, Aviva TI Reconstructing the kinematic evolution of curved mountain belts: A paleomagnetic study of Triassic red beds from the Wyoming salient, Sevier thrust belt, USA SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; APPARENT POLAR WANDER; OVERTHRUST BELT; NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-MEXICO; OROCLINE HYPOTHESIS; ACCRETIONARY WEDGES; CHUGWATER FORMATION; COLORADO PLATEAU; CROSS-SECTIONS AB Determining the kinematic history and mechanics of curved fold-and-thrust belts is fundamental to understanding the tectonic evolution of mountain systems. To better understand the development of a classic curved fold-and-thrust belt, we completed an integrated paleomagnetic and strain study of the Wyoming salient. Paleomagnetic data are reported here from 154 sites collected from red beds of the Triassic Ankareh Formation in the salient and nine sites collected from the relatively stable foreland. Red beds display three components with distinctly different magnetic behaviors: (1) a near-primary Triassic magnetization carried by hematite that is stable up to 680 degrees C (Tr component, 91 sites); (2) a Cretaceous chemical remagnetization carried partly by magnetite (K component, 32 sites); and (3) a recent viscous magnetization that is mostly removed by 350 degrees C. Site mean vectors for the Tr and K component.,, show a high degree of scatter from expected Triassic and Cretaceous reference directions, suggesting significant tilt and rotation subsequent to magnetization acquisition. Restoration of tilt and folding for individual site means results in well-clustered shallow and moderate inclinations for the Tr and K components, respectively, and in variable declinations related to systematic vertical-axis rotations. Statistical analysis of declinations for both components indicates that similar to 75% of present-day salient curvature resulted from secondary rotation, and similar to 25% of primary curvature was likely related to sedimentary basin architecture. Analysis of individual thrust systems indicates a slightly greater component of rotation in more internal sheets (similar to 80%) compared to the frontal thrust sheets (similar to 65%), suggesting that rotations were concentrated near the leading edge of the propagating fold-and-thrust wedge, with only minor additional rotation of internal sheets. Transfer zones, oblique ramps, and more deformed overturned fold limbs display locally more complex patterns, which can be understood through careful structural analysis. When combined with internal strain data and regional structural relations, paleomagnetic data support a kinematic model of a progressive arc with curved thrust-slip paths and differential shortening that rotated early layer-parallel shortening fabrics and produced minor strike-parallel extension. This kinematic history likely reflects a combination of processes, including greater initial stratigraphic thickness and subsequent shortening and wedge propagation in the central part of the salient, presence of a weak basal detachment and fault-zone weakening that favored lower taper, and buttressing by Laramide foreland uplifts that formed along basement promontories at the north and south ends of the salient. C1 [Weil, Arlo Brandon] Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. [Yonkee, Adolph] Weber State Univ, Dept Geosci, Ogden, UT 84408 USA. [Sussman, Aviva] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Weil, AB (reprint author), Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Geol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA. EM aweil@brynmawr.edu RI Weil, Arlo/B-8522-2008 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0409103, EAR-0408653] FX This work would not have been possible Without the financial support of National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-0409103 and EAR-0408653. Many Students from Bryn Mawr College, Haverford College, and Weber State University participated in field and laboratory work, which greatly enhanced the quality of this study. These students included Tyler Cluff, Andrea Cutruzzula, Steve Fellows. Melissa Lindholm, Anna Mazzariello, Sarah McCullough, Evan Pugh. Zoe Ruge, Cameron Thompson. Matt Tomich, Kira Tushman, and Virginia Walker. Insightful reviews by Eric Tohver. Steve Marshak, and Ben van der Pluijm, and comments by Lucian Platt, significantly improved this paper. NR 104 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 13 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1130/B26483.1 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 539YI UT WOS:000273295200001 ER PT J AU Gao, WM Gentry, TJ Mehlhorn, TL Carroll, SL Jardine, PM Zhou, JZ AF Gao, Weimin Gentry, Terry J. Mehlhorn, Tonia L. Carroll, Susan L. Jardine, Philip M. Zhou, Jizhong TI Characterization of Co(III) EDTA-Reducing Bacteria in Metal- and Radionuclide-Contaminated Groundwater SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; dissimilatory metal reduction; groundwater; metal reduction; molecular ecology ID FRACTURED SHALE BEDROCK; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; SUBSURFACE SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; FE(III); URANIUM; COBALT; KINETICS; STRAINS AB The Waste Area Grouping 5 (WAG5) site at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has a potential to be a field site for evaluating the effectiveness of various bioremediation approaches and strategies. The site has been well studied in terms of its geological and geochemical properties over the past decade. However, despite the importance of microorganisms in bioremediation processes, the microbiological populations at the WAG5 site and their potential in bioremediation have not been similarly evaluated. In this study, we initiated research to characterize the microbial populations in WAG5 groundwater. Approximately 100 isolates from WAG5 groundwater were isolated and selected based on colony morphology. Fifty-five unique isolates were identified by BOX-PCR and subjected to further characterization. 16S rRNA sequences indicated that these isolates belong to seventeen bacterial genera including Alcaligenes (1 isolate), Aquamonas (1), Aquaspirillum (1), Bacillus (10), Brevundimonas (5), Caulobacter (7), Dechloromonas (2), Janibacter (1), Janthinobacterium (2), Lactobacillus (1), Paenibacillus (4), Pseudomonas (9), Rhodoferax (1), Sphingomonas (1), Stenotrophomonas (6), Variovorax (2), and Zoogloea (1). Metal respiration assays identified several isolates, which phylogenically belong or are close to Caulobacter, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas, capable of reducing Co(III)EDTA- to Co(II)EDTA2 - using the defined M1 medium under anaerobic conditions. In addition, using WAG5 groundwater directly as the inoculants, we found that organisms associated with WAG5 groundwater can reduce both Fe(III) and Co(III) under anaerobic conditions. Further assays were then performed to determine the optimal conditions for Co(III) reduction. These assays indicated that addition of various electron donors including ethanol, lactate, methanol, pyruvate, and acetate resulted in metal reduction. These experiments will provide useful background information for future bioremediation field experiments at the WAG5 site. C1 [Gao, Weimin] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Ecogeon, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Gentry, Terry J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mehlhorn, Tonia L.; Carroll, Susan L.; Jardine, Philip M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Inst Environm Genom, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gao, WM (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Ctr Ecogeon, 1001 S McAllister Ave,POB 876501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM weimin.gao.2@asu.edu RI Gao, Weimin/J-1795-2014 OI Gao, Weimin/0000-0002-6758-9775 FU The United States Department of Energy; University of Tennessee-Battelle LLC for the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX We appreciate insightful comments and suggestions of anonymous reviewers on the improvement of this manuscript. This research was supported by The United States Department of Energy under the Laboratory Directed and Research Program at ORNL. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the University of Tennessee-Battelle LLC for the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 AR PII 918634260 DI 10.1080/01490450903408112 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 545GZ UT WOS:000273721800008 ER PT J AU Ohnuki, T Kozai, N Sakamoto, F Ozaki, T Nankawa, T Suzuki, Y Francis, AJ AF Ohnuki, Toshihiko Kozai, Naofumi Sakamoto, Fuminori Ozaki, Takuo Nankawa, Takuya Suzuki, Yoshinori Francis, Arokiasamy J. TI Association of Actinides with Microorganisms and Clay: Implications for Radionuclide Migration from Waste-Repository Sites SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE Actinides; microorganisms; migration; sorption; backfill material ID KAOLINITE CLAY; URANIUM; SORPTION; PLUTONIUM; BACTERIA; ADSORPTION; COLLOIDS; MONTMORILLONITE; ACCUMULATION; BENTONITE AB We conducted a series of basic studies on the microbial accumulation of actinides to elucidate their migration behavior around backfill materials used in the geological disposal of radioactive wastes. We explored the interactions of U(VI) and Pu(VI) with Bacillus subtilis, kaolinite clay, and within a mixture of the two, directly analyzing their association with the bacterium in the mixture by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The accumulation of U by the mixture rose as the numbers of B. subtilis cells increased. Treating the kaolinite with potassium acetate (CH3COOK) removed approximately 80% of the associated uranium while only 65% was removed in the presence of B. subtilis. TEM-EDS analysis confirmed that most of the U taken from solution was associated with B. subtilis. XANES analyses revealed that the oxidation state of uranium associated with B. subtilis, kaolinite, and with the mixture containing both was U(VI). The amount of Pu sorbed by B. subtilis increased with time, but did not reach equilibrium in 48 h; in kaolinite alone, equilibrium was attained within 8 h. After 48 h, the oxidation state of Pu in the solutions exposed to B. subtilis and to the mixture had changed to Pu(V), whereas the oxidation state of the Pu associated with both was Pu(IV). In contrast, there was no change in the oxidation state of Pu in the solution nor on kaolinite after exposure to Pu(VI). SEM-EDS analysis indicated that most of the Pu in the mixture was associated with the bacteria. These results suggest that U(VI) and Pu(VI) preferentially are sorbed to bacterial cells in the presence of kaolinite clay, and that the mechanism of accumulation of U and Pu differs. U(VI) is sorbed directly to the bacterial cells, whereas Pu(VI) first is reduced to Pu(V) and then to Pu(IV), and the latter is associated with the cells. These results have important implications on the migrations of radionuclides around the repository sites of geological disposal. Microbial cells compete with clay colloids for radionuclides accumulation, and because of their higher affinity and larger size, the microbes accumulate radionuclides and migrate much slower than do the clay colloids. Additionally, biofilm coatings formed on the fractured rock surfaces also accumulate radionuclides, thereby retarding radionuclide migration. C1 [Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Kozai, Naofumi; Sakamoto, Fuminori; Ozaki, Takuo; Nankawa, Takuya; Suzuki, Yoshinori] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Francis, Arokiasamy J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ohnuki, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM ohnuki.toshihiko@jaea.go.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0-298CH10886] FX We thank Dr. Avril Woodhead, Brookhaven National Laboratory for editorial help. This research was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology to T. Ohnuki, and by the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC0-298CH10886 to A.J. Francis. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 11 U2 49 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2010 VL 27 IS 3 BP 225 EP 230 AR PII 922060221 DI 10.1080/01490450903456715 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 593UL UT WOS:000277486500001 ER PT B AU Martin, HG Veysey, J Bonheyo, GT Goldenfeld, N Fouke, BW AF Martin, Hector Garcia Veysey, John Bonheyo, George T. Goldenfeld, Nigel Fouke, Bruce W. BE Barton, LL Mandl, M Loy, A TI Statistical Evaluation of Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences in Relation to Travertine Mineral Precipitation and Water Chemistry at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park, USA SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY: MOLECULAR AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEPOSITIONAL FACIES; CYANOBACTERIA; POLYMERASE; FIDELITY C1 [Bonheyo, George T.; Fouke, Bruce W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Martin, Hector Garcia; Veysey, John; Goldenfeld, Nigel] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Fouke, Bruce W.] Univ Illinois, Dept Microbiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Goldenfeld, Nigel; Fouke, Bruce W.] Univ Illinois, Inst Genom Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Martin, Hector Garcia] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Martin, Hector Garcia] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Bonheyo, George T.] Marine Sci Lab, Pacific NW Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Fouke, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Geol, 1301 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hectorg@gmail.com; veysey@gmail.com; George.Bonheyo@pnl.gov; nigel@uiuc.edu; fouke@illinois.edu RI Garcia Martin, Hector/B-5357-2009 OI Garcia Martin, Hector/0000-0002-4556-9685 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-9203-8 PY 2010 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9204-5_11 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-9204-5 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BQH04 UT WOS:000280965000011 ER PT J AU Long, P Holland, M Schultheiss, P Riedel, M Weinberger, J Trehu, A Schaef, H AF Long, Philip Holland, Melanie Schultheiss, Peter Riedel, Michael Weinberger, Jill Trehu, Anne Schaef, Herbert BE Riedel, M Willoughby, EC Chopra, S TI Infrared Imaging of Gas-hydrate-bearing Cores: State of the Art and Future Prospects SO GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GAS HYDRATES SE Geophysical Developments Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEDIMENTS AB Modern digital infrared (IR) thermal imaging of recovered sediment cores is a technical development that opens new scientific opportunities for studying gas-hydrate abundance and texture. Data derived from thermal imaging of gas hydrates provide an entirely new and independent proxy for gas-hydrate abundance in marine sediments. The information on gas-hydrate distribution at the core scale can be used to assess gas-hydrate resources and to constrain the processes resulting in formation of gas hydrate. IR imaging has also become an indispensable guide for sample collection of gas-hydrate and pore water samples. Future development of IR imaging techniques and analyses promises automated estimation of gas-hydrate abundance and characterization of textures immediately after acquiring IR scans of cores. C1 [Long, Philip; Schaef, Herbert] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Holland, Melanie; Schultheiss, Peter] Geotek Ltd, Daventry, Northants, England. [Riedel, Michael] Geol Survey Canada Pacific, Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Weinberger, Jill] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Borehole Res Grp, Palisades, NY USA. [Trehu, Anne] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Long, P (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM philip.long@pnl.gov; mriedel@nrcan.gc.ca NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA PO BOX 702740, TULSA, OK 74170 USA BN 978-1-56080-218-1 J9 GEOPHYS DEV SER PY 2010 IS 14 BP 217 EP 232 DI 10.1190/1.9781560802197.ch14 D2 10.1190/1.9781560802197 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BC7TA UT WOS:000355201100015 ER PT B AU Gusiakov, V Abbott, DH Bryant, EA Masse, WB Breger, D AF Gusiakov, Viacheslav Abbott, Dallas H. Bryant, Edward A. Masse, W. Bruce Breger, Dee BE Beer, T TI Mega Tsunami of the World Oceans: Chevron Dune Formation, Micro-Ejecta, and Rapid Climate Change as the Evidence of Recent Oceanic Bolide Impacts SO GEOPHYSICAL HAZARDS: MINIMIZING RISK, MAXIMIZING AWARENESS SE International Year of Planet Earth LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Oceanic impact; Comets; Tectonic tsunamis ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; LAKE CARPENTARIA; SEA-LEVEL; EL-NINO; AUSTRALIA; DEPOSITS; GULF; MADAGASCAR; EVOLUTION; ASTEROIDS AB This paper deals with the physical and environmental effects resulting from oceanic impacts by sizable comets, and the rates and risks associated with such cosmic impacts. Specifically, we investigate two sets of probable oceanic impact events that occurred within the last 5,000 years, one in the Indian Ocean about 2800 BC, and the other in the Gulf of Carpentaria (Australia) about AD 536. If validated, they would be the most energetic natural catastrophes occurring during the middle-to-late Holocene with large-scale environmental and historical human effects and consequences. The physical evidence for these two impacts consists of several sets of data: (1) remarkable depositional traces of coastal flooding in dunes (chevron dunes) found in southern Madagascar and along the coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria, (2) the presence of crater candidates (29-km Burckle crater about 1,500 km southeast of Madagascar which dates to within the last 6,000 years and 18-km Kanmare and 12-km Tabban craters with an estimated age of AD 572 +/- 86 in the southeast corner of the Gulf of Carpentaria), and (3) the presence of quench textured magnetite spherules and nearly pure carbon spherules, teardrop-shaped tektites with trails of ablation, and vitreous material found by cutting-edge laboratory analytical techniques in the upper-most layer of core samples close to the crater candidates. Although some propose a wind-blown origin for V-shaped chevron dunes that are widely distributed around the coastlines of the Indian Ocean and in the Gulf of Carpentaria, we have evidence in favor of their mega tsunami formation. In southern Madagascar we have documented evidence for tsunami wave run-up reaching 205 m above sea-level and penetrating up to 45 km. inland along the strike of the chevron axis. Subtly the orientation of the dunes is not aligned to the prevailing wind direction, but to the path of refracted mega-tsunami originating from Burckle impact crater. The results of our study show that substantive oceanic comet impacts not only have occurred more recently than modeled by astrophysicists, but also that they have profoundly affected Earth's natural systems, climate, and human societies. If validated, they could potentially lead to a major paradigm shift in environmental science by recognizing the role of oceanic impacts in major climate downturns during the middle-to-late Holocene that have been well documented already by different techniques (tree-ring anomalies, ice-, lake- and peat bog-cores). C1 [Gusiakov, Viacheslav] ICMMG SD RAS, Tsunami Lab, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Abbott, Dallas H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Bryant, Edward A.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Geosci, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Masse, W. Bruce] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Breger, Dee] Drexel Univ, Centralized Res Facil, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gusiakov, V (reprint author), ICMMG SD RAS, Tsunami Lab, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. EM gvk@sscc.ru OI Abbott, Dallas/0000-0003-4713-6098 NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-90-481-3235-5 J9 INT YEAR PLANET EART PY 2010 BP 197 EP 227 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-3236-2_13 D2 10.1007/978-90-481-3236-2 PG 31 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA BNS55 UT WOS:000275415300013 ER PT J AU Nassar, R Jones, DBA Suntharalingam, P Chen, JM Andres, RJ Wecht, KJ Yantosca, RM Kulawik, SS Bowman, KW Worden, JR Machida, T Matsueda, H AF Nassar, R. Jones, D. B. A. Suntharalingam, P. Chen, J. M. Andres, R. J. Wecht, K. J. Yantosca, R. M. Kulawik, S. S. Bowman, K. W. Worden, J. R. Machida, T. Matsueda, H. TI Modeling global atmospheric CO2 with improved emission inventories and CO2 production from the oxidation of other carbon species SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL-SCALE FLUXES; LATITUDINAL DISTRIBUTION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTION; UPDATED EMISSIONS; SOURCE INVERSIONS; FUEL CONSUMPTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DIOXIDE; SURFACE AB The use of global three-dimensional (3-D) models with satellite observations of CO2 in inverse modeling studies is an area of growing importance for understanding Earth's carbon cycle. Here we use the GEOS-Chem model (version 8-02-01) CO2 mode with multiple modifications in order to assess their impact on CO2 forward simulations. Modifications include CO2 surface emissions from shipping (similar to 0.19 Pg C yr(-1)), 3-D spatially-distributed emissions from aviation (similar to 0.16 Pg C yr-1), and 3-D chemical production of CO2 (similar to 1.05 Pg C yr-1). Although CO2 chemical production from the oxidation of CO, CH4 and other carbon gases is recognized as an important contribution to global CO2, it is typically accounted for by conversion from its precursors at the surface rather than in the free troposphere. We base our model 3-D spatial distribution of CO2 chemical production on monthly-averaged loss rates of CO (a key precursor and intermediate in the oxidation of organic carbon) and apply an associated surface correction for inventories that have counted emissions of CO2 precursors as CO2. We also explore the benefit of assimilating satellite observations of CO into GEOS-Chem to obtain an observation-based estimate of the CO2 chemical source. The CO assimilation corrects for an underestimate of atmospheric CO abundances in the model, resulting in increases of as much as 24% in the chemical source during May June 2006, and increasing the global annual estimate of CO2 chemical production from 1.05 to 1.18 Pg C. Comparisons of model CO2 with measurements are carried out in order to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions that result when these new sources are added. Inclusion of CO2 emissions from shipping and aviation are shown to increase the global CO2 latitudinal gradient by just over 0.10 ppm (similar to 3%), while the inclusion of CO2 chemical production (and the surface correction) is shown to decrease the latitudinal gradient by about 0.40 ppm (similar to 10%) with a complex spatial structure generally resulting in decreased CO2 over land and increased CO2 over the oceans. Since these CO2 emissions are omitted or misrepresented in most inverse modeling work to date, their implementation in forward simulations should lead to improved inverse modeling estimates of terrestrial biospheric fluxes. C1 [Nassar, R.; Chen, J. M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 2E5, Canada. [Suntharalingam, P.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wecht, K. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Yantosca, R. M.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kulawik, S. S.; Bowman, K. W.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Machida, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Matsueda, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Nassar, R.; Jones, D. B. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Nassar, R (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM ray.nassar@ec.gc.ca RI ANDRES, ROBERT/B-9786-2012; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Jones, Dylan/O-2475-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Jones, Dylan/0000-0002-1935-3725; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada FX Work at the University of Toronto was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology was carried out under contract to NASA. We thank all those who have contributed measurements to GLOBALVIEW-CO2 and thank NOAA-ESRL for making GLOBALVIEW as well as their direct measurement datasets publicly available. NR 96 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 2 BP 689 EP 716 DI 10.5194/gmd-3-689-2010 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 703FZ UT WOS:000285965100021 ER PT B AU Hodges, DG Fogel, J Dale, VH Lannom, KO Tharp, ML AF Hodges, Donald G. Fogel, Jonah Dale, Virginia H. Lannom, Karen O. Tharp, M. Lynn BE Gan, J Grado, S Munn, IA TI ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PROJECTED CLIMATE CHANGE ON OUTDOOR RECREATION IN TENNESSEE SO GLOBAL CHANGE AND FORESTRY: ECONOMIC AND POLICY IMPACTS AND RESPONSES SE Climate Change and its Causes Effects and Prediction LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate change; Outdoor recreation; Tourism climatic index ID MODEL AB Climate change projections from three General Circulation Models were used to adjust the temperature and precipitation in 2030 and 2080 in each of five ecological provinces in Tennessee to estimate the direct economic effects of the projected changes on recreation using the Tourism Climatic Index. The indirect effects on recreation were evaluated qualitatively, based on current demand for the unique values associated with current conditions. The results of the direct impact evaluation reveal that climate change will have variable effects on recreational activities in Tennessee. The magnitude and direction of the effects vary by the recreational activity involved, patterns of precipitation and temperature regimes, and specific location in Tennessee. Recreational activities such as rock climbing, winter activities independent of snow, and whitewater boating are likely to benefit from projected climate changes due to increased temperatures in the winter months. Summer-based activities such as lake recreation and camping are likely to decline with increasing seasonal temperatures. The indirect effects of climate change on recreation are likely to have a larger effect than the direct impacts of climatic variables. C1 [Hodges, Donald G.] Univ Tennessee, Nat Resource Policy Ctr, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Fogel, Jonah] Virginia Tech Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Dale, Virginia H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tharp, M. Lynn] CompSci Consulting LLC, McRae, GA USA. RP Hodges, DG (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Nat Resource Policy Ctr, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, 247 Ellington Plant Sci Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM dhodges2@utk.edu OI Hodges, Donald/0000-0001-6751-0927 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-262-0 J9 CLIM CHANG CAUSE EFF PY 2010 BP 17 EP 31 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BQO44 UT WOS:000281447700002 ER PT J AU McDowell, NG Allen, CD Marshall, L AF McDowell, Nate G. Allen, Craig D. Marshall, Laura TI Growth, carbon-isotope discrimination, and drought-associated mortality across a Pinus ponderosa elevational transect SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE altitude; climate change; die-off; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; water availability ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; CO2 TRANSFER CONDUCTANCE; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; TREE-RINGS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GAS-EXCHANGE; METROSIDEROS-POLYMORPHA; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS AB Drought- and insect-associated tree mortality at low-elevation ecotones is a widespread phenomenon but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Enhanced growth sensitivity to climate is widely observed among trees that die, indicating that a predisposing physiological mechanism(s) underlies tree mortality. We tested three, linked hypotheses regarding mortality using a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) elevation transect that experienced low-elevation mortality following prolonged drought. The hypotheses were: (1) mortality was associated with greater growth sensitivity to climate, (2) mortality was associated with greater sensitivity of gas exchange to climate, and (3) growth and gas exchange were correlated. Support for all three hypotheses would indicate that mortality results at least in part from gas exchange constraints. We assessed growth using basal area increment normalized by tree basal area [basal area increment (BAI)/basal area (BA)] to account for differences in tree size. Whole-crown gas exchange was indexed via estimates of the CO(2) partial pressure difference between leaf and atmosphere (p(a)-p(c)) derived from tree ring carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C), corrected for temporal trends in atmospheric CO(2) and delta(13)C and elevation trends in pressure. Trees that survived the drought exhibited strong correlations among and between BAI, BAI/BA, p(a)-p(c), and climate. In contrast, trees that died exhibited greater growth sensitivity to climate than trees that survived, no sensitivity of p(a)-p(c) to climate, and a steep relationship between p(a)-p(c) and BAI/BA. The p(a)-p(c) results are consistent with predictions from a theoretical hydraulic model, suggesting trees that died had a limited buffer between mean water availability during their lifespan and water availability during drought - i.e., chronic water stress. It appears that chronic water stress predisposed low-elevation trees to mortality during drought via constrained gas exchange. Continued intensification of drought in mid-latitude regions may drive increased mortality and ecotone shifts in temperate forests and woodlands. C1 [McDowell, Nate G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Allen, Craig D.] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins Sci Ctr, Jemez Mt Field Stn, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Marshall, Laura] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP McDowell, NG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM mcdowell@lanl.gov FU Western Mountain Initiative; DOE-Office of Science; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos National Laboratory FX We appreciate the field assistance of Kay Beeley (Bandelier National Monument), Rebecca Oertel (USGS Jemez Mts. Field Station), and over 20 Student Conservation Association interns since 1991. Chris Baisan (Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona) provided invaluable cross-dating of the increment cores for this study and advice on autocorrelation. We appreciate the careful mass spectrometry efforts of the stable isotope laboratory in the Earth and Environmental Sciences Division at LANL. We benefited from the detailed comments provided by Jeff Amthor, Tom Kolb and John Marshall on an earlier draft of this manuscript. This research was funded through the Western Mountain Initiative of the USGS Global Change Program (C. D. A.), DOE-Office of Science-Global Change Education Program (L. M.), DOE-Office of Science-Program for Ecosystem Research (N.M.), and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Los Alamos National Laboratory (N.M.). All experiments conducted within this project comply with the laws of the United States of America. NR 122 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 399 EP 415 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01994.x PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554EV UT WOS:000274419200032 ER PT J AU Datta, S Holmes, B Park, JI Chen, ZW Dibble, DC Hadi, M Blanch, HW Simmons, BA Sapra, R AF Datta, Supratim Holmes, Bradley Park, Joshua I. Chen, Zhiwei Dibble, Dean C. Hadi, Masood Blanch, Harvey W. Simmons, Blake A. Sapra, Rajat TI Ionic liquid tolerant hyperthermophilic cellulases for biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THERMOTOGA-MARITIMA; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; CELLULOSE; DISSOLUTION; BIOCATALYSIS; ENZYMES; ACID AB One of the main barriers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose results from its highly crystalline structure. Pretreating biomass with ionic liquids (IL) increases enzyme accessibility and cellulose recovery through precipitation with an anti-solvent. For an industrially feasible pretreatment and hydrolysis process, it is necessary to develop cellulases that are stable and active in the presence of small amounts of ILs co-precipitated with recovered cellulose. However, a significant decrease in cellulase activity in the presence of trace amounts of ILs has been reported in the literature, necessitating extensive processing to remove residual ILs from the regenerated cellulose. Towards that end, we have investigated the stability of hyperthermophilic enzymes in the presence of the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) and compared it to the industrial benchmark Trichoderma viride ( T. viride) cellulase. The endoglucanase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium, Thermatoga maritima, and a hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus horikoshii, were over expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. Under their optimum conditions, both hyperthermophilic enzymes showed significantly higher [C2mim][OAc] tolerance than T. viride cellulase. Using differential scanning calorimetry we determined the effect of [C2mim][OAc] on protein stability and our data indicates that higher concentrations of IL correlated with lowered protein stability. Both hyperthermophilic enzymes were active on [C2mim][OAc] pretreated Avicel and corn stover. Furthermore, these enzymes can be recovered with little loss in activity after exposure to 15% [C2mim][OAc] for 15 h. These results demonstrate the potential of using IL-tolerant extremophilic cellulases for hydrolysis of IL-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass, for biofuel production. C1 [Datta, Supratim; Holmes, Bradley; Park, Joshua I.; Chen, Zhiwei; Dibble, Dean C.; Hadi, Masood; Blanch, Harvey W.; Simmons, Blake A.; Sapra, Rajat] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA USA. [Datta, Supratim; Holmes, Bradley; Park, Joshua I.; Chen, Zhiwei; Dibble, Dean C.; Hadi, Masood; Simmons, Blake A.; Sapra, Rajat] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA USA. [Blanch, Harvey W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Datta, S (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, 5885 Hollis St,4th Floor, Emeryville, CA USA. EM rsapra@lbl.gov RI Chen, Zhiwei/B-9727-2011; OI Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The DSC experiments were performed in the laboratory of Prof. Francis C. Szoka, Jr., Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, with the help of Dr Zhaohua Huang and with the help of Dr Mara Bryan at Energy Biosciences Institute, Berkeley. This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 33 TC 117 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 2 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1039/b916564a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 553WF UT WOS:000274396800025 ER PT J AU Zhang, C Wang, H Malhotra, SV Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ AF Zhang, C. Wang, H. Malhotra, S. V. Dodge, C. J. Francis, A. J. TI Biodegradation of pyridinium-based ionic liquids by an axenic culture of soil Corynebacteria SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIAL-METABOLISM; LIQUID/LIQUID EXTRACTION; ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS; METAL-IONS; TOXICITY; CATALYSIS; ENZYME; MICROORGANISMS; BIOCATALYSIS; IMIDAZOLIUM AB We investigated the biodegradation of ionic liquids N-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate [EtPy](+)[BF(4)](-), N-ethylpyridinium trifluoroacetate [EtPy](+)[CF(3)COO](-), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM](+)[PF(6)](-) by a soil bacterium isolated by an enrichment-culture technique. The bacterium identified as Corynebacterium sp. degraded the N-ethylpyridinium cation in the first two compounds when present as its sole carbon and nitrogen source without any obvious effects of the anion; however, [BMIM](+)[PF(6)](-) was not metabolized. We observed cleavage of the pyridinium ring and identified the resulting metabolites by ESI/MS/MS. We propose a degradation pathway. C1 [Zhang, C.; Wang, H.; Malhotra, S. V.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Environm Sci, Newark, NJ 07104 USA. [Dodge, C. J.; Francis, A. J.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, C (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300457, Peoples R China. EM francis1@bnl.gov FU Brookhaven National Laboratory; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by Brookhaven National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 851 EP 858 DI 10.1039/b924264c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 594UD UT WOS:000277563500018 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Mahurin, SM Luo, HM Baker, GA Li, HR Dai, S AF Wang, Congmin Mahurin, Shannon M. Luo, Huimin Baker, Gary A. Li, Haoran Dai, Sheng TI Reversible and robust CO2 capture by equimolar task-specific ionic liquid-superbase mixtures SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TEMPERATURE; SOLUBILITY; ABSORPTION; SEPARATION; AMINE; IMIDAZOLIUM; MEMBRANES; SOLVENTS; BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLSULFONYL)IMIDE AB Integrated sorption systems consisting of 1 : 1 mixtures of an alcohol-functionalized ionic liquid and a superbase were found to be effective for CO2 capture under atmospheric pressure, eliminating the use of volatile n-alkanols or water. Conversely, by using the current approach, there is no longer a requirement for maintaining scrupulously dry conditions. The effect of ionic liquid structure, choice of superbase, their relative ratios, the sorption temperature, and the reaction time on the absorption and release of CO2 were investigated. Our results demonstrate that (i) this integrated ionic liquid-superbase system is capable of rapid and reversible capture of nearly one mole of CO2 per mole of superbase, (ii) the captured CO2 can be readily released by either mild heating or bubbling with an insert gas (N-2, Ar), and (iii) this novel CO2 chemisorption platform can be recycled with minimal loss of activity. This efficient and fully reversible catch-and-release process using non-volatile, task-specific ionic liquids provides an excellent alternative to current CO2 capture technologies, which are based largely around volatile alkanols or alkylamines. Furthermore, our integrated ionic liquid-superbase system can be used as a novel medium for supported liquid membranes, for which they demonstrate both good selectivity and permeability in model CO2/N-2 gas separations. C1 [Wang, Congmin; Li, Haoran] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Wang, Congmin; Mahurin, Shannon M.; Baker, Gary A.; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM Dais@ornl.gov RI Wang, Congmin/I-7889-2013; Baker, Gary/H-9444-2016; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Baker, Gary/0000-0002-3052-7730; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20704035, 20773109] FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The authors thank Dr Je Seung Lee for his kind assistance with CO2 sorption measurements. C. M. W. also gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 20704035 and 20773109). NR 55 TC 94 Z9 100 U1 8 U2 125 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 5 BP 870 EP 874 DI 10.1039/b927514b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 594UD UT WOS:000277563500021 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Luo, HM Luo, XY Li, HR Dai, S AF Wang, Congmin Luo, Huimin Luo, Xiaoyan Li, Haoran Dai, Sheng TI Equimolar CO2 capture by imidazolium-based ionic liquids and superbase systems SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID N-HETEROCYCLIC CARBENES; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ABSORPTION; SEPARATION; CARBOXYLATION; SOLUBILITY; STABILITY; MEMBRANES; AMIDINES AB Imidazolium-based ionic liquids continue to attract interest in many areas of chemistry because of their low melting points, relatively low viscosities, ease of synthesis, and good stabilities against oxidative and reductive conditions. However, they are not totally inert under many conditions due to the intrinsic acidity of hydrogen at the C-2 position in the imidazolium cation. In this work, this intrinsic acidity was exploited in combination with an organic superbase for the capture of CO2 under atmospheric pressure. During the absorption of CO2, the imidazolium-based ionic liquid containing an equimolar superbase reacted with CO2 to form a liquid carboxylate salt so that the equimolar capture of CO2 with respect to the base was achieved. The effects of ionic liquid structures, types of organic superbases, absorption times, and reaction temperatures on the capture of CO2 were investigated. Our results show that this integrated ionic liquid-superbase system is capable of rapid and reversible capture of about 1 mol CO2 per mole of ionic liquid. Furthermore, the captured CO2 can be readily released by either heating or bubbling N-2, and recycled with little loss of its capture capability. This efficient and reversible catch-and-release process using the weak acidity of the C-2 proton in nonvolatile imidazolium-based ionic liquids provides a good alternative to the current CO2 capture methods that use volatile alkanols, amines, or water. C1 [Wang, Congmin; Luo, Xiaoyan; Li, Haoran] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Wang, Congmin; Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM dais@ornl.gov RI Wang, Congmin/I-7889-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20704035, 20773109] FX This work was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. C.M.W. also gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 20704035 and 20773109). NR 66 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 13 U2 114 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2019 EP 2023 DI 10.1039/c0gc00070a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 676RZ UT WOS:000283936800021 ER PT S AU Estrada, J Alvarez, R Abbott, T Annis, J Bonati, M Buckley-Geer, E Campa, J Cease, H Chappa, S Depoy, D Derylo, G Diehl, HT Flaugher, B Hao, J Holland, S Huffman, D Karliner, I Kubik, D Kuhlmann, S Kuk, K Lin, H Roe, N Scarpine, V Schmidt, R Schultz, K Shaw, T Simaitis, V Spinka, H Stuermer, W Tucker, D Walker, A Wester, W AF Estrada, J. Alvarez, R. Abbott, T. Annis, J. Bonati, M. Buckley-Geer, E. Campa, J. Cease, H. Chappa, S. Depoy, D. Derylo, G. Diehl, H. T. Flaugher, B. Hao, J. Holland, S. Huffman, D. Karliner, I. Kubik, D. Kuhlmann, S. Kuk, K. Lin, H. Roe, N. Scarpine, V. Schmidt, R. Schultz, K. Shaw, T. Simaitis, V. Spinka, H. Stuermer, W. Tucker, D. Walker, A. Wester, W. CA Dark Energy Survey Collaboration BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI Focal Plane Detectors for Dark Energy Camera (DECam) SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy III CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB The Dark Energy Camera is an wide field imager currently under construction for the Dark Energy Survey. This instrument will use fully depleted 250 mu m thick CCD detectors selected for their higher quantum efficiency in the near infrared with respect to thinner devices. The detectors were developed by LBNL using high resistivity Si substrate. The full set of scientific detectors needed for DECam has now been fabricated, packaged and tested. We present here the results of the testing and characterization for these devices and compare these results with the technical requirements for the Dark Energy Survey. C1 [Estrada, J.; Annis, J.; Buckley-Geer, E.; Cease, H.; Chappa, S.; Derylo, G.; Diehl, H. T.; Flaugher, B.; Hao, J.; Huffman, D.; Kubik, D.; Kuk, K.; Lin, H.; Scarpine, V.; Schultz, K.; Shaw, T.; Stuermer, W.; Tucker, D.; Wester, W.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Estrada, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Hao, Jiangang/G-3954-2011; Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; De Vicente, Juan/H-3242-2015; OI De Vicente, Juan/0000-0001-8318-6813; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; Hao, Jiangang/0000-0003-0502-7571 NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-225-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7735 AR 77351R DI 10.1117/12.857651 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU66 UT WOS:000285832400060 ER PT S AU Flaugher, BL Abbott, TMC Annis, J Antonik, ML Bailey, J Ballester, O Bernstein, JP Bernstein, R Bonati, M Bremer, G Briones, J Brooks, D Buckley-Geer, EJ Campa, J Cardiel-Sas, L Castander, F Castilla, J Cease, H Chappa, S Chi, EC da Costa, L Depoy, DL Derylo, G de Vicente, J Diehl, HT Doel, P Estrada, J Eiting, J Elliott, A Finley, D Frieman, J Gaztanaga, E Gerdes, D Gladders, M Guarino, V Gutierrez, G Grudzinski, J Hanlon, B Hao, JG Holland, S Honscheid, K Huffman, D Jackson, C Karliner, I Kau, DW Kent, S Krempetz, K Krider, J Kozlovsky, M Kubik, D Kuehn, KW Kuhlmann, SE Kuk, K Lahav, O Lewis, P Lin, HA Lorenzon, W Marshall, S Martinez, G McKay, T Merritt, W Meyer, M Miquel, R Morgan, J Moore, P Moore, T Nord, B Ogando, R Olsen, J Peoples, J Plazas, A Roe, N Roodman, A Rossetto, B Sanchez, E Scarpine, V Schalk, T Schindler, R Schmidt, R Schmitt, R Schubnell, M Schultz, K Selen, M Serrano, S Shaw, T Simaitis, V Slaughter, J Smith, RC Spinka, H Stefanik, A Stuermer, W Sypniewski, A Talaga, R Tarle, G Thaler, J Tucker, D Walker, AR Weaverdyck, C Wester, W Woods, RJ Worswick, S Zhao, A AF Flaugher, Brenna L. Abbott, Timothy M. C. Annis, Jim Antonik, Michelle L. Bailey, Jim Ballester, Otger Bernstein, Joseph P. Bernstein, Rebbeca Bonati, Marco Bremer, Gale Briones, Jorge Brooks, David Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth J. Campa, Juila Cardiel-Sas, Laia Castander, Franciso Castilla, Javier Cease, Herman Chappa, Steve Chi, Edward C. da Costa, Luis DePoy, Darren L. Derylo, Gregory de Vicente, Juan Diehl, H. Thomas Doel, Peter Estrada, Juan Eiting, Jacob Elliott, Anne Finley, David Frieman, Josh Gaztanaga, Enrique Gerdes, David Gladders, Mike Guarino, V. Gutierrez, G. Grudzinski, Jim Hanlon, Bill Hao, Jiangang Holland, Steve Honscheid, Klaus Huffman, Dave Jackson, Cheryl Karliner, Inga Kau, Daekwang Kent, Steve Krempetz, Kurt Krider, John Kozlovsky, Mark Kubik, Donna Kuehn, Kyler W. Kuhlmann, Stephen E. Kuk, Kevin Lahav, Ofer Lewis, Peter Lin, Huan Lorenzon, Wolfgang Marshall, Stuart Martinez, Gustavo McKay, Timothy Merritt, Wyatt Meyer, Mark Miquel, Ramon Morgan, Jim Moore, Peter Moore, Todd Nord, Brian Ogando, R. Olsen, Jamieson Peoples, John Plazas, Andreas Roe, Natalie Roodman, Aaron Rossetto, B. Sanchez, E. Scarpine, Vic Schalk, Terry Schindler, Rafe Schmidt, Ricardo Schmitt, Richard Schubnell, Mike Schultz, Kenneth Selen, M. Serrano, S. Shaw, Terri Simaitis, Vaidis Slaughter, Jean Smith, R. Christopher Spinka, Hal Stefanik, Andy Stuermer, Walter Sypniewski, Adam Talaga, Rick Tarle, Greg Thaler, Jon Tucker, Doug Walker, Alistair R. Weaverdyck, Curtis Wester, William Woods, Robert J. Worswick, Sue Zhao, Allen BE McLean, IS Ramsay, SK Takami, H TI Status of the Dark Energy Survey Camera (DECam) Project SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy III CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Dark Energy; CCD; camera; survey; Blanco; CTIO AB The Dark Energy Survey Collaboration is building the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), a 3 square degree, 520 Megapixel CCD camera which will be mounted on the Blanco 4-meter telescope at CTIO. DECam will be used to perform the 5000 sq. deg. Dark Energy Survey with 30% of the telescope time over a 5 year period. During the remainder of the time, and after the survey, DECam will be available as a community instrument. Construction of DECam is well underway. Integration and testing of the major system components has already begun at Fermilab and the collaborating institutions. C1 [Flaugher, Brenna L.; Annis, Jim; Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth J.; Cease, Herman; Chappa, Steve; Chi, Edward C.; Derylo, Gregory; Diehl, H. Thomas; Estrada, Juan; Finley, David; Frieman, Josh; Gutierrez, G.; Hao, Jiangang; Huffman, Dave; Jackson, Cheryl; Kent, Steve; Krempetz, Kurt; Krider, John; Kozlovsky, Mark; Kubik, Donna; Kuk, Kevin; Lin, Huan; Merritt, Wyatt; Olsen, Jamieson; Peoples, John; Scarpine, Vic; Schmitt, Richard; Schultz, Kenneth; Shaw, Terri; Slaughter, Jean; Stefanik, Andy; Stuermer, Walter; Tucker, Doug; Wester, William; Woods, Robert J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Flaugher, BL (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM Brenna@fnal.gov RI Hao, Jiangang/G-3954-2011; Ogando, Ricardo/A-1747-2010; De Vicente, Juan/H-3242-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Gaztanaga, Enrique/L-4894-2014; Zhao, Huyue /C-3088-2013; McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; Holland, Stephen/H-7890-2013; Martinez Botella, Gustavo/K-8834-2014; OI Ogando, Ricardo/0000-0003-2120-1154; De Vicente, Juan/0000-0001-8318-6813; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Gaztanaga, Enrique/0000-0001-9632-0815; Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729; McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Martinez Botella, Gustavo/0000-0002-1061-8520; Hao, Jiangang/0000-0003-0502-7571 NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-225-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7735 AR 77350D DI 10.1117/12.856609 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSU66 UT WOS:000285832400012 ER PT S AU Ackermann, MR McGraw, JT MacFarlane, MJ Williams, T Zimmer, P Gerstle, W Roybal, F AF Ackermann, Mark R. McGraw, John T. MacFarlane, Malcolm J. Williams, Tom Zimmer, Peter Gerstle, Walter Roybal, Francisco BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Optical Design of the CCD/Transit Instrument with Innovative Instrumentation (CTI-II) Telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes III CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB We describe a 1p8m f/6 Cassegrain optical system that creates a 1.42 degrees FOV with near diffraction limited images from 400nm to 1100nm with full-field distortion less than 0.01%. The astronomical application for this optical system is the CCD/Transit Instrument with Innovative Instrumentation (CTI-II), designed to produce a highly precise photometric and astrometric survey of a complete strip of sky in the northern hemisphere. We describe the scientific observation program and supporting optical design for the telescope. The all-spherical, five lens field corrector represents a very capable optical system that works well with many other astronomical telescopes such as SDSS, Pan-STARRS, SkyMapper, ESO's VST, the WIYN ODI, and the MMT WFC. In many cases, using a five lens corrector exceeded the optical performance of the original published system designs. Conversely, these and other optical concepts compromised the performance of the CTI-II design. The CTI-II design is similar to many other wide-field telescope and imaging camera designs, thus the design is of potential general use in astronomy. C1 [Ackermann, Mark R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-223-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7733 AR 773311 DI 10.1117/12.856066 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ90 UT WOS:000285506700030 ER PT S AU Ackermann, MR McGraw, JT Zimmer, PC AF Ackermann, Mark R. McGraw, John T. Zimmer, Peter C. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Pancake ELT - a practical design for an extremely large telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes III CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SPHERICAL-ABERRATION CORRECTOR; OPTICAL DESIGN AB In this paper we present optical designs for an entirely new approach to extremely large telescopes and telescopes with spherical primary mirrors. The key feature is a novel optical system referred to as the improved spherical aberration corrector (ISAC). This corrector works exceptionally well for post prime focus applications, as well as for Cassegrain and Couder/Schwarzschild-like optical systems with both spherical primary and spherical secondary mirrors. The Couder/Schwarzschild configuration also adapts to a pancake configuration where the telescope is physically shorter than its aperture. C1 [Ackermann, Mark R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-223-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7733 AR 773320 DI 10.1117/12.857062 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ90 UT WOS:000285506700061 ER PT S AU Bauman, BJ Bowden, G Ku, J Nordby, M Olivier, S Riot, V Rasmussen, A Seppala, L Xiao, H Nurita, N Gilmore, D Kahn, S AF Bauman, Brian J. Bowden, Gordon Ku, John Nordby, Martin Olivier, Scot Riot, Vincent Rasmussen, Andrew Seppala, Lynn Xiao, Hong Nurita, Nadine Gilmore, David Kahn, Steven BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Update and image quality error budget for the LSST camera optical design SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes III CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; LSST; error budget; optical design; Gaussian quadrature AB The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) uses a novel, three-mirror, modified Paul-Baker design, with an 8.4-meter primary mirror, a 3.4-m secondary, and a 5.0-m tertiary feeding a refractive camera design with 3 lenses (0.69-1.55m) and a set of broadband filters/corrector lenses. Performance is excellent over a 9.6 square degree field and ultraviolet to near infrared wavelengths. We describe the image quality error budget analysis methodology which includes effects from optical and optomechanical considerations such as index inhomogeneity, fabrication and null-testing error, temperature gradients, gravity, pressure, stress, birefringence, and vibration. C1 [Bauman, Brian J.; Olivier, Scot; Riot, Vincent; Seppala, Lynn] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bauman, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,M-S L-210, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bauman3@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-223-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7733 AR 77332W DI 10.1117/12.857682 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BSQ90 UT WOS:000285506700089 ER PT J AU Fritz, BG Mackley, RD AF Fritz, Brad G. Mackley, Rob D. TI A Wet/Wet Differential Pressure Sensor for Measuring Vertical Hydraulic Gradient SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID INSTALLING PIEZOMETERS; WATER EXCHANGE; HYPORHEIC ZONE; SEDIMENTS; RIVER; GROUNDWATER; STREAM; DISCHARGE; SEEPAGE; CONDUCTIVITY AB Vertical hydraulic gradient is commonly measured in rivers, lakes, and streams for studies of groundwater-surface water interaction. While a number of methods with subtle differences have been applied, these methods can generally be separated into two categories; measuring surface water elevation and pressure in the subsurface separately or making direct measurements of the head difference with a manometer. Making separate head measurements allows for the use of electronic pressure sensors, providing large datasets that are particularly useful when the vertical hydraulic gradient fluctuates over time. On the other hand, using a manometer-based method provides an easier and more rapid measurement with a simpler computation to calculate the vertical hydraulic gradient. In this study, we evaluated a wet/wet differential pressure sensor for use in measuring vertical hydraulic gradient. This approach combines the advantage of high-temporal frequency measurements obtained with instrumented piezometers with the simplicity and reduced potential for human-induced error obtained with a manometer board method. Our results showed that the wet/wet differential pressure sensor provided results comparable to more traditional methods, making it an acceptable method for future use. C1 [Fritz, Brad G.; Mackley, Rob D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Fritz, BG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Bradley.Fritz@pnl.gov NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00609.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536SX UT WOS:000273065200020 PM 19664046 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Person, M Wang, P Gable, CW Hutchinson, D Marksamer, A Dugan, B Kooi, H Groen, K Lizarralde, D Evans, RL Day-Lewis, FD Lane, JW AF Cohen, Denis Person, Mark Wang, Peng Gable, Carl W. Hutchinson, Deborah Marksamer, Andee Dugan, Brandon Kooi, Henk Groen, Koos Lizarralde, Daniel Evans, Robert L. Day-Lewis, Frederick D. Lane, John W., Jr. TI Origin and Extent of Fresh Paleowaters on the Atlantic Continental Shelf, USA SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE; LAURENTIDE ICE-SHEET; OFFSHORE NEW-JERSEY; NANTUCKET-ISLAND; NEW-YORK; UNITED-STATES; LONG-ISLAND; FLUID-FLOW; MASSACHUSETTS; SEA AB While the existence of relatively fresh groundwater sequestered within permeable, porous sediments beneath the Atlantic continental shelf of North and South America has been known for some time, these waters have never been assessed as a potential resource. This fresh water was likely emplaced during Pleistocene sea-level low stands when the shelf was exposed to meteoric recharge and by elevated recharge in areas overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet at high latitudes. To test this hypothesis, we present results from a high-resolution paleohydrologic model of groundwater flow, heat and solute transport, ice sheet loading, and sea level fluctuations for the continental shelf from New Jersey to Maine over the last 2 million years. Our analysis suggests that the presence of fresh to brackish water within shallow Miocene sands more than 100 km offshore of New Jersey was facilitated by discharge of submarine springs along Baltimore and Hudson Canyons where these shallow aquifers crop out. Recharge rates four times modern levels were computed for portions of New England's continental shelf that were overrun by the Laurentide ice sheet during the last glacial maximum. We estimate the volume of emplaced Pleistocene continental shelf fresh water (less than 1 ppt) to be 1300 km3 in New England. We also present estimates of continental shelf fresh water resources for the U.S. Atlantic eastern seaboard (104 km3) and passive margins globally (3 x 105 km3). The simulation results support the hypothesis that offshore fresh water is a potentially valuable, albeit nonrenewable resource for coastal megacities faced with growing water shortages. C1 [Person, Mark] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Hydrol Program, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Cohen, Denis] Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang, Peng] Indiana Univ, Univ Informat Technol Serv, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Gable, Carl W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hutchinson, Deborah] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Marksamer, Andee] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Dugan, Brandon] Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Kooi, Henk; Groen, Koos] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Lizarralde, Daniel; Evans, Robert L.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W., Jr.] US Geol Survey, Off Groundwater, Branch Geophys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Person, M (reprint author), New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Hydrol Program, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. EM mperson@nmt.edu RI Dugan, Brandon/A-2651-2011; Gable, Carl/B-4689-2011; Cohen, Denis/P-2015-2016; OI Dugan, Brandon/0000-0002-2555-6430; Cohen, Denis/0000-0002-8262-9798; Evans, Robert/0000-0001-5585-0684; Day-Lewis, Frederick/0000-0003-3526-886X; Gable, Carl/0000-0001-7063-0815 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; Malcolm & Sylvia Boyce Endowment at Indiana University; NSF; New Mexico NMCAC supercomputer center; USGS FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Malcolm & Sylvia Boyce Endowment at Indiana University. We gratefully acknowledge computational support from the NSF Teragrid Program at Indiana University and the New Mexico NMCAC supercomputer center, and support from the USGS Groundwater Resources Program. We thank Jean-Michel Lemieux and Steve Ingebritsen for their thorough reviews of this paper. NR 97 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00627.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 536SX UT WOS:000273065200023 PM 19754848 ER PT B AU Cacciatori, SL Cerchiai, BL AF Cacciatori, Sergio L. Cerchiai, B. L. BE Danellis, CW TI EXCEPTIONAL GROUPS, SYMMETRIC SPACES AND APPLICATIONS SO GROUP THEORY: CLASSES, REPRESENTATION AND CONNECTIONS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Mathematics Research Developments LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EULER ANGLES; SU(N); PARAMETRIZATION; VOLUME; G(2) AB In this article we provide a detailed description of a technique to obtain a simple parametrization for different exceptional Lie groups, such as G(2), F(4) and E(6), based on their fibration structure. For the compact case, we construct a realization which is a generalization of the Euler angles for SU(2), while for the non compact version of G(2(2))/SO(4) we compute the Iwasawa decomposition. This allows us to obtain not only an explicit expression for the Haar measure on the group manifold, but also for the cosets G(2)/SO(4), G(2)/SU (3), F(4)/Spin(9), E(6)/F(4) and G(2(2))/SO(4) that we used to find the concrete realization of the general element of the group. Moreover, as a by-product, in the simplest case of G(2)/SO(4), we have been able to compute an Einstein metric and the vielbein. The relevance of these results in physics is discussed. C1 [Cacciatori, Sergio L.] Univ Insubria Milano, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. [Cacciatori, Sergio L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Milan, Italy. [Cerchiai, B. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theory Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cerchiai, B. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cacciatori, SL (reprint author), Univ Insubria Milano, Dipartimento Matemat & Fis, I-22100 Como, Italy. EM sergio.cacciatori@uninsubria.it; BLCerchiai@lbl.gov OI Cerchiai, Bianca Letizia/0000-0002-0109-0330; Cacciatori, Sergio Luigi/0000-0002-4167-9123 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60876-175-3 J9 MATH RES DEV PY 2010 BP 177 EP 215 PG 39 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BOM73 UT WOS:000277024300007 ER PT S AU Lee, JH AF Lee, J. H. CA STAR Collaboration BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Hadron Spectroscopy in Double Pomeron Exchange Processes with the STAR Detector at RHIC SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE RHIC; STAR; DPE; Pomeron; Odderon; Glueball ID CERN OMEGA-SPECTROMETER; COLLISIONS; ENERGIES; GEV/C AB A new hadron spectroscopy program to study particle production at the central region through diffractive processes in polarized p + p collisions at root s = 200 - 500 GeV has been initiated with the STAR detector at RHIC. Staged implementation of multiple Roman Pot stations for tagging forward protons in diffractive processes allows studying for the first time the dynamics of the particle production in the diffractive processes systematically at the RHIC energy regime. The STAR detector system with complete azimuthal coverage at the central region equipped with excellent particle reconstruction capabilities enables studies of the constituent gluonic degree of freedom in double Pomeron exchange processes. C1 [Lee, J. H.; STAR Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1063/1.3483389 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200007 ER PT S AU Thomas, CE AF Thomas, Christopher E. CA Hadron Spectrum Collaboration BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Lattice QCD, Photo Couplings and Radiative Transitions SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE Lattice QCD; radiative transitions; mesons; exotics; nucleons AB We review recent progress in calculating radiative transition form factors using lattice QCD. We discuss results in the charmonium region involving excited states, states of high spin and exotics. As well as highlighting interesting results involving an exotic l(-+) states and a vector-hybrid candidate, we give comparison with experimental data and models. Some lattice calculations of baryon photocouplings are also mentioned. We conclude with some comments on future prospects. C1 [Thomas, Christopher E.; Hadron Spectrum Collaboration] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas, CE (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave,Suite 1, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1063/1.3483442 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200010 ER PT S AU Stepanyan, S AF Stepanyan, Stepan BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Hadron Physics with CLAS12 SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE Enter Keywords here ID MODEL AB Hadron spectroscopy has been an essential part of the physics program with the CLAS detector in experimental Hall B at Jefferson Lab. Production of baryon and meson resonances with high energy (polarized) electron and photon beams was studied on a veriety of targets, ranging from hydrogen to lead. Physics topics of interest include: investigation of the spectrum of baryon and meson resonances, transition form-factors, meson-nucleon couplings (mesons in nuclei), and search for exotic and missing states. With the 12 GeV upgrade of the CEBAF machine, hadron spectroscopy in Hall B will be extended to a new domain of higher mass resonances and the range of higher transferred momentum using up to 11 GeV electron beams and the upgraded CLAS12 detector. In this paper a brief description of the CLAS12 detector and the physics program adopted for 12 GeV with emphasis to baryon and meson spectroscopy is presented. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Stepanyan, S (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 121 EP 128 DI 10.1063/1.3483308 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200016 ER PT S AU Goity, JL Jayalath, CP Scoccola, NN AF Goity, Jose L. Jayalath, Chandana P. Scoccola, Norberto N. BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI The 1/N-c Expansion in Baryons SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE Baryons; 1/N expansion ID LARGE-N-C; EXCITED BARYONS; QCD; BREAKING; MASSES; MODEL AB The 1/N-c expansion in baryons is discussed with two applications, namely baryon masses and partial decay widths. These applications provide the basic insights on the utility of the expansion. C1 [Goity, Jose L.; Jayalath, Chandana P.] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA USA. [Jayalath, Chandana P.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Scoccola, Norberto N.] Univ Favalora, CONICET, Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Dept Phys, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Goity, JL (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA USA. FU DOE [DE-AC05-84ER40150]; SURA; National Science Foundation (USA) [PHY-0300185 (JLG)] FX This work was supported by DOE contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 under which SURA operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, and by the National Science Foundation (USA) through grant # PHY-0300185 (JLG). NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 181 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3483316 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200024 ER PT S AU Kaminski, R El Bennich, B Furman, A Lesniak, L Loiseau, B Moussallam, B AF Kaminski, Robert El Bennich, B. Furman, A. Lesniak, L. Loiseau, B. Moussallam, B. BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Final state interactions and CP violation in B decays to three pseudoscalars SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab AB We study CP violation and final state interactions between pions and kaons in B+, B-, -B-0 and (B) over bar (0) decays into K pi pi. The weak transition amplitudes consist of two terms: the first part is derived in QCD factorization approach and the second one is a phenomenological long-distance charming penguin contribution. The final state K pi interactions in S- and P-waves are described by strange scalar and vector form factors, respectively. These are determined using a unitary coupled channel model together with chiral symmetry and asymptotic QCD constraints. The final state interactions are dominated by presence of the scalar K-0* (1430) and the vector K* (892) resonances. We show that additional charming penguin amplitudes are needed to reproduce the latest experimental K pi effective mass and helicity angle distributions, branching fractions and asymmetries obtained by Belle and BaBar collaborations. C1 [Kaminski, Robert; Lesniak, L.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. [El Bennich, B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Loiseau, B.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Loiseau, B.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Phys Nucl Hautes Energies, F-75252 Paris, France. [Moussallam, B.] Univ Paris Sud 11, CNRS, IN2P3, Grp Physique Theor, F-91406 Orsay, France. RP Kaminski, R (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N202 248135]; IN2P3-Polish Laboratories Convention [08-127] FX This work has been supported in part by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant No N N202 248135) and by the IN2P3-Polish Laboratories Convention (project No 08-127) NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 355 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200055 ER PT S AU Close, F Downum, C Thomas, C AF Close, Frank Downum, Clark Thomas, Christopher BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Novel Charmonium and Bottomonium Spectroscopies due to Deeply Bound Hadronic Molecules from Single Pion Exchange SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE Anomalous States; Molecular Models; Meson Exchange ID HEAVY MESONS; STATES AB Pion exchange in S-wave between hadrons that are themselves in a relative S-wave are shown to shift energies by hundreds of MeV. In the case of charmed mesons D,D*,D-0, D-1 a spectroscopy of quasi-molecular states may arise consistent with enigmatic charmonium states observed above 4 GeV in e(+)e(-) annihilation. A possible explanation of Y(4260)-> psi pi pi and Y(43 (60) under bar)->psi'pi pi is found. Searches in D (D) over bar3 pi and B (B) over bar3 pi channels are recommended to test this hypothesis. An exotic 1(-+) in D (D) over bar pi (non D* D*) is predicted. C1 [Close, Frank] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. [Downum, Clark] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Thomas, Christopher] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Close, F (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. FU Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy; Science & Technology Facilities Council (UK); EU [MRTN-CT-2006-035482]; FLAVIAnet; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX Research sponsored in part by the Office of Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy. Authored in part by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. This work is supported in part by grants from the Science & Technology Facilities Council (UK) and in part by the EU Contract No. MRTN-CT-2006-035482, FLAVIAnet. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 423 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3483363 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200069 ER PT S AU Graham, L Park, K Gothe, R Smith, E AF Graham, Lewis Park, Kijun Gothe, Ralf Smith, Elton BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Study of the two pion final state photoproduction on deuterium SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab AB Understanding the structure of baryons in terms of the fundamental interaction of the constituent quarks and gluons is one of the challenges in strong interaction physics. This interaction is governed by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). However, solutions of this theory in the non-perturbative domain of the interaction are extremely difficult to achieve. In inelastic electron scattering, very little is known about exclusive hadron production purely contributed to a lack of knowledge. The gamma N interaction is recognized for being a powerful method for investigating hadrons and the mysteries that still exist within the strong interaction. From reactions with the nucleon, the strong interaction can be tested through the amplitudes of the N and Delta resonances. More specifically, if an electromagnetic interaction is well known then the intermediate resonance states may be evaluated through pion photoproduction. To gain more detailed insight into this interaction, we look to probe the baryon structure of Delta and the meson structure of the pion through photon scattering off a deuteron producing two pions in the final state. The photoproduction processes on the deuteron will be used to investigate known baryon resonances in the proton-pion channel. The two pion final state will be investigated for unraveling new information in to the rho decay at threshold. We want to explore both final states interactions to search for "missing" states that are predicted by quark models but have not yet been found experimentally. Using the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), the hadronic products are detected in coincidence with the scattered photon. This makes it possible to measure the differential cross section and the decay angular distribution for the production of two and three pion final states. The measured cross sections will contribute significantly and push the knowledge of the strong interaction to the next level. We propose to use the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) to study the two pion channel from the EG3 data set, for Delta(++) (1232) production. We look to investigate the exclusive reaction of gamma d -> p pi(+)pi(-)(n), extracting the relevant cross sections to comparable data sets. This reaction is produced using a high intensity photon beam incident on a deuterium target. These measurements provide unique and coherent results from tagged photons over a broad range of energy, and represent the only pion production data above 5 GeV at this present time. C1 [Graham, Lewis; Gothe, Ralf] Univ South Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Park, Kijun; Smith, Elton] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Graham, L (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Dept Phys, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 528 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3483386 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200091 ER PT S AU Higinbotham, DW AF Higinbotham, D. W. BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Precision Measurements of the Proton Elastic Form Factor Ratio SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE Proton Form Factor ID SPECTROMETER; SCATTERING; FACILITY; NIKHEF; CEBAF AB New high precision polarization measurements of the proton elastic form factor ratio in the Q(2) range from 0.3 to 0.7 [GeV/c](2) have been made. These elastic H(e,e'p) measurements were done in Jefferson Lab's Hall A using 80% longitudinally polarized electrons and recoil polarimetry. For Q(2) greater than 1 [GeV/c](2), previous polarization data indicated a strong deviation of the form factor ratio from unity which sparked renewed theoretical and experimental interest in how two-photon diagrams have been taken into account. The new high precision data indicate that the deviation from unity, while small, persists even at Q(2) less than 1 [GeV/c](2). C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Higinbotham, DW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014 OI Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 637 EP 640 DI 10.1063/1.3483410 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200113 ER PT S AU Gabrielyan, M Raue, B Dhamija, S Carman, DS AF Gabrielyan, Marianna Raue, Brian Dhamija, Seema Carman, Daniel S. BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Measurement of the Induced Polarization of Lambda (1116) in Kaon Electroproduction with CLAS SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE kaon; hyperon; electroproduction; polarization ID BARYON RESONANCES; PHOTOPRODUCTION AB The CLAS Collaboration is using the p(e,e'K(+)p)pi(-) reaction to measure the induced polarization of the electroproduced Lambda(1116). In this experiment a 5.499-GeV electron beam was incident upon an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) was used to detect the scattered electron, the kaon, and the decay proton from the Lambda hyperon. CLAS allowed for a large kinematic acceptance in Q(2) (0.75 <= Q(2)<= 3.5 GeV2) and W (1.6 <= W <= 3.0 GeV), as well as the kaon center-of-mass scattering angle. The goal is to map out the kinematic dependencies for the induced polarization in order to provide new constraints on models of K-hyperon production. Along with previously published photo- and electroproduction cross sections and polarization observables from CLAS, LEPS, SAPHIR, and GRAAL, these new induced polarization data are needed in coupled-channel analyses to search for previously unobserved s-channel resonances. Preliminary polarization results are presented. C1 [Gabrielyan, Marianna; Raue, Brian; Dhamija, Seema] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Carman, Daniel S.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gabrielyan, M (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. FU U.S. Dept. of Energy; Graduate School at Florida International University FX This work is funded in part by the U.S. Dept. of Energy and the Graduate School at Florida International University. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 656 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3483414 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200117 ER PT S AU Higinbotham, DW Sulkosky, V AF Higinbotham, D. W. Sulkosky, V. BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Understanding Nucleons in the Nuclear Medium SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE short-range correlations; tensor correlations; medium modifications ID SPECTROMETER; ELECTRONS; TARGET; NIKHEF AB Recent cross section (e,e'pN) short-range correlation experiments have clearly shown the strong dominance of tensor correlations for (e,e'p) missing momenta greater than the Fermi momentum; while recent H-2(e,e'p)n and He-4(e,e'p)t asymmetry experiments at low missing momentum have shown small changes from the free nucleon form factor. By doing asymmetry experiments as a function of missing momentum, these results can be linked together and observed as a change of sign in the measured asymmetry. This idea will be presented within the context of the recently completed Jefferson Lab Hall A quasi-elastic, polarized He-3(e,e'N) experiments (N=0,p,n,d) where the asymmetries of several reaction channels were measured with three, orthogonal target-spin directions. Together, these various experiments will help us to better understand nucleons in the nuclear medium. C1 [Higinbotham, D. W.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Sulkosky, V.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Higinbotham, DW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Higinbotham, Douglas/J-9394-2014 OI Higinbotham, Douglas/0000-0003-2758-6526 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 729 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3483430 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200132 ER PT S AU Kojo, T Hidaka, Y McLerran, L Pisarski, RD AF Kojo, Toru Hidaka, Yoshimasa McLerran, Larry Pisarski, Robert D. BE Crede, V Eugenio, P Ostrovidov, A TI Quarkyonic Chiral Spirals SO HADRON 2009 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy CY NOV 29-DEC 04, 2009 CL Tallahassee, FL SP Florida State Univ, Jefferson Sci Associates (JSA), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab DE Dense quark matter; Chiral symmetry breaking; Large N-c expansion ID LARGE N-C; DENSITY; QCD AB After a brief introduction of the Quarkyonic matter, we argue a possibility of exciton and density wave condensations of chiral particle-hole pairs. Following the Gribov-Zwanziger arguments for Coulomb gauge QCD, we introduce a model of linear confinement. We show that to the leading order of 1/N-c and Lambda(QcD)/mu, our 3 + 1 dimensional model with N-f flavors reduces to QCD in 1 + 1 dimensions with 2N(f) flavors. A doubling of flavors originates from an approximate spin SU (2) symmetry in 3 + 1 dimensional dynamics in Lambda(QcD)/mu -> 0 limit. The reduced 1 + 1 dimensional model with finite density can be mapped onto that in vacuum through anomalous chiral rotation, and then can be solved. We found Quarkyonic Chiral Spiral a chiral condensate forms locally, and varies with the spatial position, z, as ((Psi) over bar exp(2i mu z gamma(0)gamma(z))Psi), rotating in the chiral space. This illustrates local violation but global restoration of the chiral symmetry. C1 [Kojo, Toru] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kojo, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; RIKEN; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan FX The research of T. Kojo, L. McLerran, and R. D. Pisarski is supported under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The research of T.K. and L.M. is supported from RIKEN. R.D.P. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for their support. This research of Y. Hidaka is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for the Global COE Program The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0807-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1257 BP 732 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3483431 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BQZ07 UT WOS:000282166200133 ER PT S AU Misra, M Faulon, JL AF Misra, Milind Faulon, Jean-Loup BE Faulon, JL Bender, A TI Algorithms to Store and Retrieve Two-Dimensional (2D) Chemical Structures SO HANDBOOK OF CHEMOINFORMATICS ALGORITHMS SE Chapman & Hall CRC Mathematical and Computational Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINE NOTATION SLN; TOPOLOGICAL SYMMETRY; ABSTRACTS-SERVICE; GRAPH ISOMORPHISM; PERCEPTION; GENERATION; SMILES; REPRESENTATION; TAUTOMERISM; DEPICTION C1 [Misra, Milind] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Faulon, Jean-Loup] Univ Evry, Dept Biol, Evry, France. RP Misra, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-8064 BN 978-1-4200-8299-9 J9 CH CRC MATH COMP BIO JI Math. Comp. Biol. Ser. PY 2010 BP 37 EP 64 D2 10.1201/9781420082999 PG 28 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA BTB69 UT WOS:000286379300003 ER PT S AU Clark, RD Roe, DC AF Clark, Robert D. Roe, Diana C. BE Faulon, JL Bender, A TI Ligand- and Structure-Based Virtual Screening SO HANDBOOK OF CHEMOINFORMATICS ALGORITHMS SE Chapman & Hall CRC Mathematical and Computational Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOACTIVE REFERENCE STRUCTURES; CDC25 PHOSPHATASE INHIBITORS; AUTOMATED MOLECULAR DOCKING; EMPIRICAL SCORING FUNCTION; DATA FUSION; CHEMICAL SIMILARITY; GENETIC ALGORITHM; DRUG DISCOVERY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; ACCURATE DOCKING C1 [Clark, Robert D.] Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Roe, Diana C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biosyst Res, Livermore, CA USA. RP Clark, RD (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Informat, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 107 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-8064 BN 978-1-4200-8299-9 J9 CH CRC MATH COMP BIO JI Math. Comp. Biol. Ser. PY 2010 BP 145 EP 171 D2 10.1201/9781420082999 PG 27 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA BTB69 UT WOS:000286379300006 ER PT S AU Roe, DC AF Roe, Diana C. BE Faulon, JL Bender, A TI Computer-Aided Molecular Design De Novo Design SO HANDBOOK OF CHEMOINFORMATICS ALGORITHMS SE Chapman & Hall CRC Mathematical and Computational Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIRECTED DRUG DESIGN; PRIMARY STRUCTURE GENERATION; COPY SIMULTANEOUS SEARCH; LIGAND DESIGN; GENETIC ALGORITHM; BINDING-SITES; COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; SYNTHETIC ACCESSIBILITY; LEUCINE AMINOPEPTIDASE; EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biosyst Res, Livermore, CA USA. RP Roe, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biosyst Res, Livermore, CA USA. NR 82 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-8064 BN 978-1-4200-8299-9 J9 CH CRC MATH COMP BIO JI Math. Comp. Biol. Ser. PY 2010 BP 295 EP 315 D2 10.1201/9781420082999 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA BTB69 UT WOS:000286379300011 ER PT S AU Martin, S AF Martin, Shawn BE Faulon, JL Bender, A TI Machine Learning-Based Bioinformatics Algorithms Application to Chemicals SO HANDBOOK OF CHEMOINFORMATICS ALGORITHMS SE Chapman & Hall CRC Mathematical and Computational Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; SIGNATURE MOLECULAR DESCRIPTOR; EXTENDED VALENCE SEQUENCES; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY CORRELATION; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; GENE-EXPRESSION PATTERNS; CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS; DNA MICROARRAY; PREDICTION; CLASSIFICATION C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Martin, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-8064 BN 978-1-4200-8299-9 J9 CH CRC MATH COMP BIO JI Math. Comp. Biol. Ser. PY 2010 BP 383 EP 398 D2 10.1201/9781420082999 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA BTB69 UT WOS:000286379300015 ER PT S AU Mu, FP Bauer, AL Faeder, JR Hlavacek, WS AF Mu, Fangping Bauer, Amy L. Faeder, James R. Hlavacek, William S. BE Faulon, JL Bender, A TI Using Systems Biology Techniques to Determine Metabolic Fluxes and Metabolite Pool Sizes SO HANDBOOK OF CHEMOINFORMATICS ALGORITHMS SE Chapman & Hall CRC Mathematical and Computational Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ISOTOPOMER MAPPING MATRICES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM; BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS; DATABASE; RECONSTRUCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PATHWAYS; MODELS; MS C1 [Mu, Fangping; Bauer, Amy L.; Hlavacek, William S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Faeder, James R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Computat Biol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Mu, FP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-8064 BN 978-1-4200-8299-9 J9 CH CRC MATH COMP BIO JI Math. Comp. Biol. Ser. PY 2010 BP 399 EP 422 D2 10.1201/9781420082999 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA BTB69 UT WOS:000286379300016 ER PT B AU Montella, R Foster, I AF Montella, Raffaele Foster, Ian BE Furht, B Escalante, A TI Using Hybrid Grid/Cloud Computing Technologies for Environmental Data Elastic Storage, Processing, and Provisioning SO HANDBOOK OF CLOUD COMPUTING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Montella, Raffaele] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dept Appl Sci, Naples, Italy. [Foster, Ian] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Foster, Ian] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Montella, R (reprint author), Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dept Appl Sci, Naples, Italy. RI Foster, Ian/A-1357-2007 OI Foster, Ian/0000-0003-2129-5269 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-6523-3 PY 2010 BP 595 EP 618 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6524-0_26 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-6524-0 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BSU10 UT WOS:000285802100026 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A Voevodin, AA AF Erdemir, Ali Voevodin, Andrey A. BE Martin, PM TI Nanocomposite Coatings for Severe Applications SO HANDBOOK OF DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGIES FOR FILMS AND COATINGS: SCIENCE, APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOLID LUBRICANT COATINGS; SUPERHARD NANOCRYSTALLINE COMPOSITES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CHLORINATION; CHAMELEON SURFACE ADAPTATION; PULSED LASER DEPOSITION; HARD PVD COATINGS; TRIBOLOGICAL COATINGS; DIAMOND FILMS; VACUUM-ARC; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES C1 [Erdemir, Ali] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Voevodin, Andrey A.] USAF, Res Lab, Mat & Mfg Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 133 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552032-0 PY 2010 BP 679 EP 715 DI 10.1016/B978-0-8155-2031-3.00014-4 PG 37 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BER82 UT WOS:000317907100015 ER PT B AU Dienes, JK AF Dienes, John K. BE Rene, C Turcotte, E TI UNRAVELLING XDT: STUDIES OF SOME RARE, BUT VIOLENT, EXPLOSIONS WITH STATISTICAL CRACK MECHANICS SO HANDBOOK OF MATERIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH SE Materials Science and Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PROPELLANTS; INITIATION; IGNITION AB The impact tests for propellant sensitivity reported by Jensen, Blommer and Brown (JBB) were anomalous in several respects. First, 12 out of 50 impacts at moderate speeds led to especially violent explosions (XDT) while the remaining 38 produced only mild deflagrations (DEF). XDT generally occurred following impact at speeds lower than those leading to shock-to-detonation (SDT), which occurred in the 22 shots at speeds above 2500fps. Moreover, the violent reactions occurred at relatively late times, in excess of 30 microseconds after impact, rather than the 5 microseconds typically associated with SDT. Finally, the blast pressure associated with the violent explosions was even higher than in SDT and the cratering was more profound. Since these results defied explanation by the mechanisms associated with classical detonation theory, the process was termed XDT. In XDT shock heating was considered negligible, as further evidenced by the late reaction time. This report summarizes some mechanisms postulated by the author during the last 30 years to explain the observations of JBB and other violent but non-repeatable reactions in propellants and explosives. The fundamental assumption herein is that defects occur at random and that heating of these defects following impact may lead to reactive hot spots. More specifically, it is postulated that the defects are shear cracks in which interfacial sliding leads to frictional heating that, in turn, causes vigorous reactions that may culminate in violent explosions. Our analysis shows, however, that a single hot spot will not result in violent explosion since rapid expansion of the gas-filled cavities reduces the gas pressure enough to quench the reaction. Thus, we conclude that interactions of defects is responsible for the observed violence. Three types of interactions are thought to contribute to the suddenness of the violence. In one, pulses from reactions in one defect enhance the pressure in adjoining defects and this feeds back to the first defect, initiating a divergent oscillation. Such interactions have been observed in special simulations. Further, growing cracks can intersect to form larger, more unstable, cracks, and a large enough number of intersections can result in a network of cracks that supports violent reactions. This is thought to occur when the concentration of cracks exceeds the percolation threshold, causing a violent reaction. Finally, we hypothesize that radiation between connected cracks can cause the heat produced by chemical reactions to spread extremely rapidly, leading to violent explosions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dienes, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60741-798-9 J9 MATER SCI TECHNOL PY 2010 BP 271 EP 293 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BPT05 UT WOS:000279832800005 ER PT S AU Watson, JP AF Watson, Jean-Paul BE Gendreau, M Potvin, JY TI An Introduction to Fitness Landscape Analysis and Cost Models for Local Search SO HANDBOOK OF METAHEURISTICS, SECOND EDITION SE International Series in Operations Research & Management Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRAVELING-SALESMAN PROBLEM; PROBLEM DIFFICULTY; TABU SEARCH; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB Despite their empirical effectiveness, our theoretical understanding of metaheuristic algorithms based on local search (and all other paradigms) is very limited, leading to significant problems for both researchers and practitioners. Specifically, the lack of a theory of local search impedes the development of more effective metaheuristic algorithms, prevents practitioners from identifying the metaheuristic most appropriate for a given problem, and permits widespread conjecture and misinformation regarding the benefits and/or drawbacks of particular metaheuristics. Local search metaheuristic performance is closely linked to the structure of the fitness landscape, i.e., the nature of the underlying search space. Consequently, understanding such structure is a first step toward understanding local search behavior, which can ultimately lead to a more general theory of local search. In this chapter, we introduce and survey the literature on fitness landscape analysis for local search, placing the research in the context of a broader, critical classification scheme delineating methodologies by their potential to account for local search metaheuristic performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Watson, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Discrete Math & Complex Syst Dept, POB 5800 MS 1318, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwatson@sandia.gov NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0884-8289 BN 978-1-4419-1663-1 J9 INT SER OPER RES MAN PY 2010 VL 146 BP 599 EP 623 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1665-5_20 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1665-5 PG 25 WC Business; Economics; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BRI44 UT WOS:000282771200020 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing Second edition Introduction SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 24 PG 24 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200002 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing Second edition Preface SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP XIX EP XX PG 2 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200001 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Substrate ("Real") Surfaces and Surface Modification SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COATINGS C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 25 EP 72 PG 48 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200003 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The "Good" Vacuum (Low Pressure) Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; EQUIPMENT; SURFACES; DESIGN; SYSTEM C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 73 EP 145 PG 73 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200004 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The Sub-Atmospheric Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 147 EP 156 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200005 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The Low Pressure Plasma Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNETRON C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 157 EP 193 PG 37 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200006 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Vacuum Evaporation and Vacuum Deposition SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ALLOY C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 195 EP 235 PG 41 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200007 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Physical Sputtering and Sputter Deposition (Sputtering) SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HARD COATINGS; FILM GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETRON; MICROSTRUCTURE; PARTICLES; STRESS; DESIGN; SYSTEM C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 104 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 237 EP 286 PG 50 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200008 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Arc Vapor Deposition SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VACUUM-ARC; COATINGS; SYSTEM; FILMS C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 287 EP 300 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200009 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Ion Plating and Ion Beam-Assisted Deposition SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; THIN METAL-FILMS; HOLLOW-CATHODE; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; HARD COATINGS; ENERGY; TECHNOLOGY; BOMBARDMENT; ADHESION C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2; 978-0-81-552037-5 PY 2010 BP 301 EP 331 PG 31 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200010 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Atomistic Film Growth and Some Growth-Related Film Properties SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; GOLD-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; TIN FILMS; ALUMINUM; SURFACE C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 333 EP 398 PG 66 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200011 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Film Characterization and Some Basic Film Properties SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; THIN-FILM; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THICKNESS MEASUREMENT; MOLYBDENUM FILMS; COATINGS; SUBSTRATE; HARDNESS; STRESS; CRACKING C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 100 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 399 EP 438 PG 40 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200012 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Adhesion and Deadhesion SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THIN-FILM ADHESION; GOLD-FILMS; INTERNAL-STRESS; METAL-FILMS; SCRATCH TESTER; SHEAR TEST; TIN FILMS; COATINGS; DIFFUSION; SUBSTRATE C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 123 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 439 EP 474 PG 36 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200013 ER PT J AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI Cleaning SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 475 EP 527 PG 53 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200014 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The External Processing Environment SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 529 EP 544 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200015 ER PT B AU Mattox, DM AF Mattox, Donald M. BA Mattox, DM BF Mattox, DM TI The Transfer of Technology from Research and Development to Manufacturing SO HANDBOOK OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) PROCESSING, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Mattox, Donald M.] USAF, Washington, DC USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mattox, Donald M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mattox, DM (reprint author), Management Plus Inc, Field PVD Proc, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-0-81-552038-2 PY 2010 BP 545 EP 552 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BEN64 UT WOS:000317483200016 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Wood-preserving chemicals SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPONENTS; CREOSOTES C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 26 PG 26 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200002 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Handbook of Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production Volume 2 Best Practices in the Wood and Paper Industries Preface SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP XI EP XIV DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10011-5 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200001 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Wood-preserving technology SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 27 EP 41 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10002-4 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200003 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Pollution and pollution controls SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CREOSOTE C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 43 EP 81 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10003-6 PG 39 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200004 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Air pollution from wood treatment SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TREATED WOOD; COMBUSTION C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 83 EP 134 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10004-8 PG 52 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200005 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Pollution prevention and best practices for the wood-preserving industry SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 135 EP 178 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10005-X PG 44 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200006 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Sources of air emissions from pulp and paper mills SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; ACUTE TOXICITY; WORKERS; FORMALDEHYDE; RATS; INGESTION; TOLUENE; CHLORITE; BENZENE; CANCER C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 110 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 179 EP 259 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10006-1 PG 81 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200007 ER PT B AU Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE AF Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. Rosenfeld, Paul E. BA Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE BF Cheremisinoff, NP Rosenfeld, PE TI Pollution prevention and best practices for the pulp and paper industry SO HANDBOOK OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CLEANER PRODUCTION, VOL 2: BEST PRACTICES IN THE WOOD AND PAPER INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. [Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Cheremisinoff, NP (reprint author), World Bank Org, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-7833-5; 978-0-08-096446-1 PY 2010 BP 261 EP 291 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096446-1.10007-3 PG 31 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BIB08 UT WOS:000327194200008 ER PT J AU Alberi, K Yu, KM Walukiewicz, W AF Alberi, K. Yu, K. M. Walukiewicz, W. BE Chen, WM Buyanova, IA TI Electronic Structure and Lattice Site Location of Mn in III-Mn-V Ferromagnetic Semiconductors SO HANDBOOK OF SPINTRONIC SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; LOW-TEMPERATURE GAAS; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; T-C; GA1-XMNXAS; TRANSPORT; (GA,MN)AS; LAYERS; MN)AS AB We present here a review of our experimental and theoretical works leading to our current understanding of the factors affecting ferromagnetic coupling between Mn spins in group III-Mn-V ferromagnetic semiconductors. The significance of the interstitial Mn defects, the Fermi level controlled incorporation of substitutional Mn atoms and the maximum hole concentration were established by a series of experiments with different material structures and processing. Our results indicate that any improvement in the magnetic properties of this material system will require decoupling of the doping process from the introduction of magnetic moments. We have also shown that the electronic structure of the Mn impurity band can be described in terms of a band anticrossing model. The model explains hole transport properties and the effect of alloying on the magnetic properties of group III-Mn-As. Moreover, it can also be used to predict trends in the magnetic properties of other ternary and dilute quaternary III-Mn-V semiconductors. C1 [Alberi, K.; Yu, K. M.; Walukiewicz, W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alberi, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM w_walukiewicz@lbl.gov NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-767-0 PY 2010 BP 123 EP 155 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BUD99 UT WOS:000288982900005 ER PT J AU Stone, PR Dubon, OD AF Stone, Peter R. Dubon, Oscar D. BE Chen, WM Buyanova, IA TI Ga1-xMnxP Synthesized by Ion Implantation and Pulsed-Laser Melting SO HANDBOOK OF SPINTRONIC SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; RAY CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; THIN-FILMS; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS; MAGNETOTRANSPORT PROPERTIES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; HOLE CONCENTRATION; CURIE-TEMPERATURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE AB The synthesis of single-crystalline epitaxial thin films of the carrier-mediated ferromagnetic phase of Ga1-xMnxP and Ga1-xMnxP-based quaternary alloys using ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting (II-PLM) has allowed for the exploration of the effect of anion substitution on ferromagnetism in Ga1-xMnx-pnictide systems. Despite displaying significantly greater hole localization than the canonical Ga1-xMnxAs system many of the properties, including the dependence of the Curie temperature on x and hole concentration, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism lineshapes, and manipulation of the magnetic anisotropy by carrier concentration and epitaxial strain, are substantially similar in the two materials. Furthermore, the combination of far infrared photoconductivity and THz spectroscopy indicates that the carriers responsible for ferromagnetic exchange are localized within an impurity band that remains unmerged with the GaP valence band for at least x <= 0.042. These remarkable findings suggest that ferromagnetism in III1-xMnxV materials exists on a continuum in terms of carrier localization and that localized carriers primarily of cation d character are capable of effectively mediating ferromagnetic exchange. C1 [Stone, Peter R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stone, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 210 HMMB 1760, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oddubon@berkeley.edu OI Scarpulla, Michael/0000-0002-6084-6839; Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642 NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-767-0 PY 2010 BP 157 EP 180 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BUD99 UT WOS:000288982900006 ER PT J AU Ozer, MM Zeng, CG Weitering, HH AF Oezer, Mustafa M. Zeng, Changgan Weitering, Hanno H. BE Chen, WM Buyanova, IA TI Magnetic Doping of Group IV Semiconductors SO HANDBOOK OF SPINTRONIC SEMICONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRICAL SPIN INJECTION; FERROMAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR; TEMPERATURE FERROMAGNETISM; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSITION; SPINTRONICS; MNXGE1-X; EXCHANGE AB This review addresses recent developments in the general area of group IV dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS), focusing on fundamental physics issues as well as the promises and limitations of the actual materials from an experimentalist's perspective. This class of materials is of strategic significance in developing a spin-based information technology that will be compatible with the existing silicon platform. The fundamental physics issues surrounding the mechanisms of electrical transport and magnetism in group IV DMS revolve around the weak-coupling versus strong-coupling pictures of ferromagnetic exchange, the presence of delocalized valence-band holes versus impurity-band carriers, and the nature of the ferromagnetic transition. Materials issues revolve around the solid solubility of Mn dopants, spinodal decomposition, substitutional versus interstitial incorporation of the magnetic dopants, formation of superparamagnetic precipitates, magneto-resistance, transport percolation and the true nature of the observed magnetic order. This review specifically focuses on Mn-doped germanium grown via conventional molecular beam epitaxy. New developments such as the use of surfactants and n-type co-dopants will be highlighted as promising avenues for future research. C1 [Oezer, Mustafa M.; Weitering, Hanno H.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zeng, Changgan] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. [Weitering, Hanno H.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ozer, MM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hanno@utk.edu NR 87 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-9-81426-767-0 PY 2010 BP 193 EP 223 PG 31 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BUD99 UT WOS:000288982900008 ER PT B AU Ginley, DS Perkins, JD AF Ginley, David S. Perkins, John D. BE Ginley, DS Hosono, H Paine, DC TI Transparent Conductors SO HANDBOOK OF TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; P-TYPE ZNO; AMORPHOUS OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR; ROOM-TEMPERATURE FABRICATION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; WIDE-BAND-GAP; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTION; SOLAR-CELLS; PROGRESS C1 [Ginley, David S.; Perkins, John D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ginley, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Mail Stop 3211,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david_ginley@nrel.gov NR 81 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4419-1637-2 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BRT58 UT WOS:000283631100001 ER PT B AU Coutts, TJ Young, DL Gessert, TA AF Coutts, Timothy J. Young, David L. Gessert, Timothy A. BE Ginley, DS Hosono, H Paine, DC TI Modeling, Characterization, and Properties of Transparent Conducting Oxides SO HANDBOOK OF TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STATES EFFECTIVE-MASS; THIN-FILMS; ENERGY BANDS; TRANSPORT PHENOMENA; IRREVERSIBLE-PROCESSES; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES; SCATTERING PARAMETER; RECIPROCAL RELATIONS; STANNIC OXIDE; ZNO C1 [Coutts, Timothy J.; Young, David L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta Silicon Mat & Devices, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gessert, Timothy A.] NREL Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Coutts, TJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta Silicon Mat & Devices, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3219, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david_young@nrel.gov; Tim.Gessert@nrel.gov NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4419-1637-2 PY 2010 BP 51 EP 110 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9 PG 60 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BRT58 UT WOS:000283631100003 ER PT B AU Paine, DC Yaglioglu, B Berry, J AF Paine, David C. Yaglioglu, Burag Berry, Joseph BE Ginley, DS Hosono, H Paine, DC TI Characterization of TCO Materials SO HANDBOOK OF TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; DOPED INDIUM OXIDE; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; STRESS EVOLUTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ZINC-OXIDE; PARAMETERS; IN2O3 C1 [Paine, David C.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Yaglioglu, Burag] Plast Log Ltd, Cambridge CB4 0WD, England. [Berry, Joseph] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Paine, DC (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Box D, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM David_Paine@brown.edu; buragy@gmail.com; David_Paine@brown.edu NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4419-1637-2 PY 2010 BP 111 EP 148 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BRT58 UT WOS:000283631100004 ER PT B AU Olson, DC Ginley, DS AF Olson, Dana C. Ginley, David S. BE Ginley, DS Hosono, H Paine, DC TI Nanostructured TCOs (ZnO, TiO2, and Beyond) SO HANDBOOK OF TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBE FILMS; THIN-FILMS; CONJUGATED POLYMER; WORK-FUNCTION C1 [Olson, Dana C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ginley, David S.] NREL SERF W102, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Olson, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dana.olson@nrel.gov; david_ginley@nrel.gov NR 166 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4419-1637-2 PY 2010 BP 425 EP 457 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9_12 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9 PG 33 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BRT58 UT WOS:000283631100012 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Cui, Y Egarievwe, SU Fochuk, PM Fuerstnau, M Gul, R Hossain, A Jones, F Kim, K Kopach, OV Taggart, R Yang, G Ye, Z Xu, L James, RB AF Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Egarievwe, S. U. Fochuk, P. M. Fuerstnau, M. Gul, R. Hossain, A. Jones, F. Kim, K. Kopach, O. V. Taggart, R. Yang, G. Ye, Z. Xu, L. James, R. B. BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Array of virtual Frisch-grid CZT detectors with common cathode readout and pulse-height correction SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe detectors; virtual Frisch-grid detectors; crystal defects ID CDZNTE DETECTORS AB We present our new results from testing 15-mm-long virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors with a common-cathode readout for correcting pulse-height distortions. The array employs parallelepiped-shaped CdZnTe (CZT) detectors of a large geometrical aspect ratio, with two planar contacts on the top and bottom surfaces (anode and cathode) and an additional shielding electrode on the crystal's sides to create the virtual Frisch-grid effect. We optimized the geometry of the device and improved its spectral response. We found that reducing to 5 mm the length of the shielding electrode placed next to the anode had no adverse effects on the device's performance. At the same time, this allowed corrections for electron loss by reading the cathode signals to obtain depth information. C1 [Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Fochuk, P. M.; Fuerstnau, M.; Gul, R.; Hossain, A.; Jones, F.; Kim, K.; Kopach, O. V.; Taggart, R.; Yang, G.; Ye, Z.; Xu, L.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011; Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Kopach, Oleh/C-3993-2017 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Kopach, Oleh/0000-0002-1513-5261 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 780504 DI 10.1117/12.861775 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000003 ER PT S AU Cherepy, NJ Kuntz, JD Seeley, ZM Fisher, SE Drury, OB Sturm, BW Hurst, TA Sanner, RD Roberts, JJ Payne, SA AF Cherepy, N. J. Kuntz, J. D. Seeley, Z. M. Fisher, S. E. Drury, O. B. Sturm, B. W. Hurst, T. A. Sanner, R. D. Roberts, J. J. Payne, S. A. BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Transparent Ceramic Scintillators for Gamma Spectroscopy and Radiography SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Scintillators; garnets; bixbyites; transparent ceramics; gamma ray spectrometers; radiography scintillators ID LUTETIUM ALUMINUM GARNET; FLAME SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; RESOLUTION AB Transparent ceramics combine the scintillation performance of single crystals with the ruggedness and processability of glass. We have developed a versatile, scaleable fabrication method, wherein nanoparticle feedstock is consolidated at temperatures well below melting to form inch-scale phase-pure transparent ceramics with optical scatter of alpha <0.1 cm(-1). We have fabricated Cerium-doped Gadolinium Garnets with light yields of similar to 50,000 Ph/MeV and energy resolution of <5% at 662 keV. We have also developed methods to form sheets of the high-Z ceramic scintillator, Europium-doped Lutetium Oxide Bixbyite, producing similar to 75,000 Ph/MeV for radiographic imaging applications. C1 [Cherepy, N. J.; Kuntz, J. D.; Seeley, Z. M.; Fisher, S. E.; Drury, O. B.; Sturm, B. W.; Hurst, T. A.; Sanner, R. D.; Roberts, J. J.; Payne, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cherepy1@llnl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 24 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 78050I DI 10.1117/12.862503 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000007 ER PT S AU Duff, MC Lynn, KG Jones, K Soundararajan, R Bradley, JP Ishii, H Aguiar, J Wozniakiewicz, P AF Duff, Martine C. Lynn, Kelvin G. Jones, Kelly Soundararajan, Rajeswari Bradley, John P. Ishii, Hope Aguiar, Jeffery Wozniakiewicz, Penny BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Characterization of Secondary Phases and Other Defects in CdZnTe SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Modified vertical Bridgman; transmission electron microscopy; carbon; calcite; transmission IR imaging ID RADIATION DETECTOR APPLICATIONS; TRAVELING HEATER METHOD; SEMIINSULATING CDZNTE; CRYSTALS; CDTE; GROWTH AB Semiconducting CdZnTe or "CZT" crystals are very suitable for use as a room temperature-based gamma radiation spectrometer. During the last decade, modifications in growth methods for CZT have significantly improved the quality of the produced crystals however there are material features that can influence the performance of these materials as radiation detectors. For example, various structural heterogeneities within the CZT crystals, such as, pipes, voids, polycrystallinity, and secondary phases (SP) can have a negative impact on the detector performance. In this study, a CZT material was grown by the modified vertical Bridgman growth (MVB) method with zone leveled growth in the absence of excess Te in the melt. Numerous SP were imaged using transmission IR at a volume % of 0.002. Samples from this material were analyzed using various analytical techniques to evaluate its electrical properties, purity and detector performance as radiation spectrometers and to determine the morphology, dimension and elemental /structural composition of one of the SP in this material. This material was found to have a high resistivity and good radiation spectrometer performance. It had SPs that were rich in calcium (Ca), carbon (C) and oxygen (O) (possibly CaCO(3)) or only C and O that were 5 mu m or less in diameter. C1 [Duff, Martine C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Duff, MC (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM martine.duff@srnl.doe.gov OI Aguiar, Jeffery/0000-0001-6101-4762 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 780503 DI 10.1117/12.862379 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000002 ER PT S AU Kim, KH Bolotnikov, AE Camarda, GS Marchini, L Yang, G Hossain, A Cui, Y Xu, L James, RB AF Kim, K. H. Bolotnikov, A. E. Camarda, G. S. Marchini, L. Yang, G. Hossain, A. Cui, Y. Xu, L. James, R. B. BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Detector Performance of Ammonium-Sulfide-Passivated CdZnTe and CdMnTe Materials SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Passivation; CdZnTe; CdMnTe; ammonium sulfide; leakage current AB Dark currents, including those in the surface and bulk, are the leading source of electronic noise in X-ray and gamma detectors, and are responsible for degrading a detector's energy resolution. The detector material itself determines the bulk leakage current; however, the surface leakage current is controllable by depositing appropriate passivation layers. In previous research, we demonstrated the effectiveness of surface passivation in CZT (CdZnTe) and CMT (CdMnTe) materials using ammonium sulfide and ammonium fluoride. In this research, we measured the effect of such passivation on the surface states of these materials, and on the performances of detectors made from them. C1 [Kim, K. H.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Marchini, L.; Yang, G.; Hossain, A.; Cui, Y.; Xu, L.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM khkim@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 78051U DI 10.1117/12.861543 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000038 ER PT S AU Nikolic, RJ Conway, AM Radev, R Shao, Q Voss, L Wang, TF Brewer, JR Cheung, CL Fabris, L Britton, CL Ericson, MN AF Nikolic, R. J. Conway, A. M. Radev, R. Shao, Q. Voss, L. Wang, T. F. Brewer, J. R. Cheung, C. L. Fabris, L. Britton, C. L. Ericson, M. N. BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Nine Element Si-based Pillar Structured Thermal Neutron Detector SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Thermal neutron detector; pillar; boron ID (10)BORON AB Solid state thermal neutron detectors are desirable for replacing the current (3)He based technology, which has some limitations arising from stability, sensitivity to microphonics and the recent shortage of (3)He. Our approach to designing such solid state detectors is based on the combined use of high aspect ratio silicon PIN pillars surrounded by (10)B, the neutron converter material. To date, our highest measured detection efficiency is 20%. An efficiency of greater than 50% is expected while maintaining high gamma rejection, low power operation and fast timing for multiplicity counting for our engineered device architecture. The design of our device structure, progress towards a nine channel system and detector scaling challenges are presented. C1 [Nikolic, R. J.; Conway, A. M.; Radev, R.; Shao, Q.; Voss, L.; Wang, T. F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nikolic, RJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nikolic1@llnl.gov RI Shao, Qinghui/A-1756-2013; Cheung, Chin Li/B-8270-2013; Ericson, Milton/H-9880-2016 OI Ericson, Milton/0000-0002-6628-4865 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 78050O DI 10.1117/12.862391 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000011 ER PT S AU Xu, J Lee, SH Bell, ZW Smith, B Zhang, XG Ju, T Chen, AJ Pan, ZW AF Xu, Jun Lee, Sang Hyun Bell, Zane W. Smith, Barton Zhang, X. -G. Ju, Tong Chen, An-Jen Pan, Zhengwei BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Study of Charge Transport Mechanisms in ZnO-ZnTe Nanojunctions SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Radiation sensing; Charge transport; Nanojunctions; ZnO; ZnTe; Nanocones; Nanorods; Photovoltaic ID NANOWIRE; ARRAYS AB Improved carrier transport is crucial for enhancing the performance of semiconductor devices such as radiation detectors. Conventionally, semiconductor devices employ planar p-n junctions in which carrier loss occurs mostly in the p-type and n-type diffusion regions. In a nanoscale three-dimensional (3-D) junction, the carriers can be efficiently collected cross the nanostructure by electric field distribution without trapping in the p-n regions. In addition, a nanocone junction should further improve carrier transport properties because this structure can be tailored to be completely depleted. In this work, we studied carrier transport mechanisms in nanojunctions made of vertically aligned ZnO nanostructures and ZnTe matrix using theoretical and experimental methods. C1 [Xu, Jun; Lee, Sang Hyun; Bell, Zane W.; Smith, Barton; Zhang, X. -G.; Ju, Tong] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xuj2@ornl.gov OI Bell, Zane/0000-0003-1115-8674 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 78050Z DI 10.1117/12.865607 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000018 ER PT S AU Xu, L Bolotnikov, AE Hossain, A Kim, KH Gul, R Yang, G Camarda, GS Marchini, L Cui, Y James, RB Xu, Y Wang, T Jie, W AF Xu, L. Bolotnikov, A. E. Hossain, A. Kim, K-H. Gul, R. Yang, G. Camarda, G. S. Marchini, L. Cui, Y. James, R. B. Xu, Y. Wang, T. Jie, W. BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Extended defects in as-grown CdZnTe SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE As-grown CdZnTe; Extended defects; IR; WBXDT; Leakage current; Energy spectrum; Defect distribution ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; RADIATION DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; CRYSTALS AB We characterized samples cut from different locations in as-grown CdZnTe (CZT) ingots, using Automated Infrared (IR) Transmission Microscopy and White Beam X-ray Diffraction Topography (WBXDT), to locate and identify the extended defects in them. Our goal was to define the distribution of these defects throughout the entire ingot and their effects on detectors' performance as revealed by the pulse-height spectrum. We found the highest-and the lowest-concentration of Te inclusions, respectively, in the head and middle part of the ingot, which could serve as guidance in selecting samples. Crystals with high concentration of Te inclusions showed high leakage current and poor performance, because the accumulated charge loss around trapping centers associated with Te inclusions distorts the internal electric field, affects the carrier transport properties inside the crystal, and finally degrades the detector's performance. In addition, other extended defects revealed by the WBXDT measurements severely reduced the detector's performance, since they trap large numbers of electrons, leading to a low signal for the pulse-height spectrum, or none whatsoever. Finally, we fully correlated the detector's performance with our information on the extended defects gained from both the IR- and the WBXDT-measurements. C1 [Xu, L.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Hossain, A.; Kim, K-H.; Gul, R.; Yang, G.; Camarda, G. S.; Marchini, L.; Cui, Y.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 78051O DI 10.1117/12.860731 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000034 ER PT S AU Yang, G Bolotnikov, AE Fochuk, PM Camarda, GS Cui, Y Hossain, A Kim, K Horace, J McCall, B Gul, R Xu, L Kopach, OV James, RB AF Yang, G. Bolotnikov, A. E. Fochuk, P. M. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Hossain, A. Kim, K. Horace, J. McCall, B. Gul, R. Xu, L. Kopach, O. V. James, R. B. BE Burger, A Franks, LA James, RB TI Study on thermal annealing of cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) crystals SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XII CY AUG 02-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE radiation detection; CZT; annealing; Te inclusions; dislocations ID RADIATION DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH AB Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) has attracted increasing interest with its promising potential as a room-temperature nuclear-radiation-detector material. However, different defects in CZT crystals, especially Te inclusions and dislocations, can degrade the performance of CZT detectors. Post-growth annealing is a good approach potentially to eliminate the deleterious influence of these defects. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), we built up different facilities for investigating post-growth annealing of CZT. Here, we report our latest experimental results. Cd-vapor annealing reduces the density of Te inclusions, while large temperature gradient promotes the migration of small-size Te inclusions. Simultaneously, the annealing lowers the density of dislocations. However, only-Cd-vapor annealing decreases the resistivity, possibly reflecting the introduction of extra Cd in the lattice. Subsequent Te-vapor annealing is needed to ensure the recovery of the resistivity after removing the Te inclusions. C1 [Yang, G.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Fochuk, P. M.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Hossain, A.; Kim, K.; Horace, J.; McCall, B.; Gul, R.; Xu, L.; Kopach, O. V.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gyang@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011; Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Kopach, Oleh/C-3993-2017 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Kopach, Oleh/0000-0002-1513-5261 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8301-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7805 AR 780507 DI 10.1117/12.861372 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BSU46 UT WOS:000285827000004 ER PT J AU Vallero, D Isukapalli, S Zartarian, V McCurdy, T McKone, T Georgopoulos, P Dary, C AF Vallero, Daniel Isukapalli, Sastry Zartarian, Valerie McCurdy, Thomas McKone, Tom Georgopoulos, Panos Dary, Curt BE Krieger, R TI Modeling and Predicting Pesticide Exposures SO HAYES' HANDBOOK OF PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHILDRENS RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE; LABELED WATER MEASUREMENTS; ASSESSMENT SURVEY NHEXAS; RESPONSE-SURFACE METHOD; DAILY INHALATION RATES; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; DOSE ASSESSMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS C1 [Vallero, Daniel; Zartarian, Valerie; McCurdy, Thomas; Dary, Curt] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Dary, Curt] US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Isukapalli, Sastry; Georgopoulos, Panos] Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ USA. [McKone, Tom] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Vallero, D (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 119 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092201-0 PY 2010 BP 995 EP 1020 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00044-6 PG 26 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS50 UT WOS:000311281800047 ER PT B AU Timchalk, C AF Timchalk, Charles BE Krieger, R TI Organophosphorus Insecticide Pharmacokinetics SO HAYES' HANDBOOK OF PESTICIDE TOXICOLOGY, VOLS 1 AND 2, 3RD EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PHARMACODYNAMIC PBPK/PD MODEL; HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; ADULT-RATS; PHARMACOKINETIC/PHARMACODYNAMIC MODEL; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Timchalk, C (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-092201-0; 978-0-12-374367-1 PY 2010 BP 1409 EP 1433 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-374367-1.00066-5 PG 25 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA BCS50 UT WOS:000311281800069 ER PT S AU Hatchell, B Mauss, F Santiago-Rojas, E Amaya, I Skorpik, J Silvers, K Marotta, S AF Hatchell, Brian Mauss, Fred Santiago-Rojas, Emiliano Amaya, Ivan Skorpik, Jim Silvers, Kurt Marotta, Steve BE Kundu, T TI Missile captive carry monitoring using a capacitive MEMS accelerometer SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2010, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE Health and usage monitoring; ambient vibration; MEMS; accelerometer AB Military missiles are exposed to many sources of mechanical vibration that can affect system reliability, safety, and mission effectiveness. One of the most significant exposures to vibration occurs when the missile is being carried by an aviation platform, which is a condition known as captive carry. If the duration of captive carry exposure could be recorded during the missile's service life, several advantages could be realized. Missiles that have been exposed to durations outside the design envelop could be flagged or screened for maintenance or inspection; lightly exposed missiles could be selected for critical mission applications; and missile allocation to missions could be based on prior use to avoid overuse. The U. S. Army Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center (AMRDEC) has been developing health monitoring systems to assess and improve reliability of missiles during storage and field exposures. Under the direction of AMRDEC staff, engineers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory have developed a Captive Carry Health Monitor (CCHM) for the HELLFIRE II missile. The CCHM is an embedded usage monitoring device installed on the outer skin of the HELLFIRE II missile to record the cumulative hours the host missile has been in captive carry mode and thereby assess the overall health of the missile. This paper provides an overview of the CCHM electrical and package design, describes field testing and data analysis techniques used to identify captive carry, and discusses the potential application of missile health and usage data for real-time reliability analysis and fleet management. C1 [Hatchell, Brian; Mauss, Fred; Santiago-Rojas, Emiliano; Amaya, Ivan; Skorpik, Jim; Silvers, Kurt] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hatchell, B (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8065-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7650 AR 76501A DI 10.1117/12.846005 PG 10 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSR53 UT WOS:000285545600041 ER PT S AU Park, G Figueiredo, E Farinholt, KM Farrar, CR AF Park, Gyuhae Figueiredo, Eloi Farinholt, Kevin M. Farrar, Charles R. BE Kundu, T TI Time Series Predictive Models of Piezoelectric Active-Sensing for SHM Applications SO HEALTH MONITORING OF STRUCTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 2010, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2010 CY MAR 08-11, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers DE SHM; Time series analysis; piezoelectric; Composites ID COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; DAMAGE DETECTION; IDENTIFICATION; VALIDATION; JOINTS AB In this paper, the use of time domain data from piezoelectric active-sensing techniques is investigated for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Piezoelectric transducers have been increasingly used in SHM because of their proven advantages. Especially, the use of known and repeatable inputs at high frequency ranges makes the development of SHM signal processing algorithm easier and more efficient. However, to date, most of these techniques have been based on frequency domain analyses, such as impedance-based or high-frequency response functions (FRF) -based SHM techniques. Even with Lamb wave propagations, most researchers adopt frequency domain or wavelets analysis for damage-sensitive feature extraction. This process usually requires excessive averaging to reduce measurement noise and more computational resources, which is not ideal from both memory and power consumption standpoints. Therefore in this study, we investigate the use of autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (ARX) with the measured time series data from piezoelectric active-sensors. The test structure considered in this study is a composite plate, where several damage conditions were manually imposed. The performance of this technique is compared to that of traditional autoregressive models, traditionally used in low-frequency passive sensing SHM applications, and that of FRF-based analysis, and its superior capability for SHM is demonstrated. C1 [Park, Gyuhae; Figueiredo, Eloi; Farinholt, Kevin M.; Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gpark@lanl.gov RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; OI Figueiredo, Eloi/0000-0002-9168-6903; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8065-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7650 AR 765004 DI 10.1117/12.847690 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSR53 UT WOS:000285545600003 ER PT J AU Robison, WL Hamilton, TF AF Robison, William L. Hamilton, Terry F. TI RADIATION DOSES FOR MARSHALL ISLANDS ATOLLS AFFECTED BY US NUCLEAR TESTING: ALL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS, REMEDIAL MEASURES, AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOSS OF Cs-137 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; contamination, environmental; dose assessment; Marshall Islands ID TEST-SITE; RESETTLEMENT OPTIONS; BIKINI ATOLL; PB-210; PO-210; DIET; FOOD AB Radiation doses calculated for people resettling Bikini Island at Bikini Atoll, Enjebi Island at Enewetak Atoll, Rongelap Island at Rongelap Atoll, and Utrok Island at Utrok Atoll are presented. Residence is assumed to begin in 2010. In previous dose assessments it was shown that Cs-137 accounts for about 98% of the total dose for returning residents. About 85 to 90% (depending on the atoll) is via consumption of locally grown foods containing Cs-137, and about 10 to 15% is due to external exposure from Cs-137 in the soil. These assessments were made using only the radiological half-life Of Cs-137 (30.1 y). We have shown since that there is an environmental loss of Cs-137 from soil to groundwater that results in a more rapid loss Of Cs-131 from the atoll ecosystem. The mean effective half-life of Cs-137 at the atolls is 8.5 y. Moreover, treatment of coconut trees with potassium (K) reduces Cs-137 concentration in drinking coconut meat at Bikini Atoll to about 5% of pretreatment concentrations. The magnitude of reduction is dependent on the concentration Of Cs-137 in soil, and thereby in food crops, and is less for Enjebi and Rongelap Islands than for Bikini Island. Treatment of food crops and fruit trees with K and removal of the top 15 cm of soil around houses and community buildings prior to construction to reduce external exposure where people spend most of their time has been presented to the communities as a "Combined Option" remediation strategy. Doses presented here are calculated using the Combined Option, effective half-life, of Cs-137 at the atolls, and a diet of both imported and local foods. The average natural background dose in the Marshall Islands, plus the anthropogenic nuclear test-related dose at Bikini, Enjebi, and Rongelap Islands, is less for each of the islands than the average background dose in the U.S. and Europe. Health Phys. 98(1):1-11; 2010 C1 [Robison, William L.; Hamilton, Terry F.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Robison, WL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, 7000 E Ave,L-453, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM robison1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181b9dbd3 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 531RL UT WOS:000272685400001 PM 19959945 ER PT J AU Wilson, DA Mohr, LC Frey, GD Lackland, D Hoel, DG AF Wilson, Dulaney A. Mohr, Lawrence C. Frey, G. Donald Lackland, Daniel Hoel, David G. TI LUNG, LIVER AND BONE CANCER MORTALITY AFTER PLUTONIUM EXPOSURE IN BEAGLE DOGS AND NUCLEAR WORKERS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dogs; nuclear workers; plutonium; risk analysis ID REPEATED INHALATION EXPOSURE; RIVER DOSIMETRY SYSTEM; FORMER SOVIET-UNION; MAYAK WORKERS; INHALED (PUO2)-PU-239; HUMANS; RADIATION; RISK; MODEL; RETENTION AB The Mayak Production Association (MPA) worker registry has shown evidence of plutonium-induced health effects. Workers were potentially exposed to plutonium nitrate [Pu-239(NO3)(4)] and plutonium dioxide ((PuO2)-Pu-239). Studies of plutonium-induced health effects in animal models can complement human studies by providing more specific data than is possible in human observational studies. Lung, liver, and bone cancer mortality rate ratios in the MPA worker cohort were compared to those seen in beagle dogs, and models of the excess relative risk of lung, liver, and bone cancer mortality from the MPA worker cohort were applied to data from life-span studies of beagle dogs. The lung cancer mortality rate ratios in beagle dogs are similar to those seen in the MPA worker cohort. At cumulative doses less than 3 Gy, the liver cancer mortality rate ratios in the MPA worker cohort are statistically similar to those in beagle dogs. Bone cancer mortality only occurred in MPA workers with doses over 10 Gy. In dogs given Pu-239, the adjusted excess relative risk of lung cancer mortality per Gy was 1.32 (95% CI 0.56-3.22). The liver cancer mortality adjusted excess relative risk per Gy was 55.3 (95% CI 23.0-133.1). The adjusted excess relative risk of bone cancer mortality per Gy(2) was 1,482 (95% CI 566.0-5686). Models of lung cancer mortality based on MPA worker data with additional covariates adequately described the beagle dog data, while the liver and bone cancer models were less successful. Health Phys. 98(1):42-52; 2010 C1 [Wilson, Dulaney A.; Lackland, Daniel; Hoel, David G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Wilson, Dulaney A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mohr, Lawrence C.] Med Univ S Carolina, Environm Biosci Program, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Frey, G. Donald] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Radiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Hoel, David G.] Exponent Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Wilson, DA (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, 135 Cannon St, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM Dulaney.Wilson@pnl.gov OI Wilson, Dulaney/0000-0003-4726-7848 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 42 EP 52 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181b97318 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 531RL UT WOS:000272685400006 PM 19959950 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG Morris, JE Creim, JA Woodstock, AD Luders, T Curry, TL Thrall, KD AF Levitskaia, Tatiana G. Morris, James E. Creim, Jeffrey A. Woodstock, Angela D. Luders, Teresa Curry, Terry L. Thrall, Karla D. TI AMINOTHIOL RECEPTORS FOR DECORPORATION OF INTRAVENOUSLY ADMINISTERED Co-60 IN THE RAT SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Co-60; contamination; exposure, internal; radiological terrorism ID GLUTATHIONE; COMPLEXES; TOXICITY; COBALT; PARAMETER; EXCRETION; METALS; VALUES AB This report provides a comparison of the oral decorporation efficacy of L-glutathione (GSH), L-cysteine (Cys), and a liposomal GSH formulation (ReadiSorb) toward systemic Co-60 to that observed following intravenous administration of GSH and Cys in F344 rats. Aminoacid L-histidine (His) containing no thiol functionality was tested intravenously to compare in vivo efficacy of the aminothiol (GSH, Cys) chelators with that of the aminoimidazole (His) chelator. In these studies, Co-60 was administered to animals by intravenous injection, followed by intravenous or oral gavage doses of a chelator repeated at 24-h intervals for a total of 5 doses. The results suggest that GSH and Cys are potent decorporation agents for Co-60 in the rat model, although the efficacy of treatment depends largely on the systemic availability of the chelator. The intravenous route of administration of GSH or Cys was most effective in reducing tissue Co-60 levels and in increasing excretion of radioactivity compared to control animals. Liposomal encapsulation was found to markedly enhance the oral bioavailability of GSH compared to non-formulated GSH. The oral administration of liposomal GSH reduced Co-60 levels in nearly all tissues by 12-43% compared to that observed for non-formulated GSH. Efficacy of oral Cys was only slightly reduced in comparison with intravenous Cys. Further studies to optimize the dosing regimen in order to maximize decorporation efficiency are warranted. Health Phys. 98(1):53-60; 2010 C1 [Levitskaia, Tatiana G.; Morris, James E.; Creim, Jeffrey A.; Woodstock, Angela D.; Luders, Teresa; Curry, Terry L.; Thrall, Karla D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Levitskaia, TG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN P7-25, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tatiana.levitskaia@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [1R01A1074067-01] FX Acknowledgments-This research was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Project Bioshield No 1R01A1074067-01. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181b9dbbc PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 531RL UT WOS:000272685400007 PM 19959951 ER PT J AU Guilmette, RA Parkhurst, MA AF Guilmette, Raymond A. Parkhurst, Mary Ann TI COMMENT ON THE CAPSTONE DEPLETED URANIUM (DU) AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY RESPONSE TO LYKKEN AND MOMCILOVIC SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 [Guilmette, Raymond A.] Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. [Parkhurst, Mary Ann] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Guilmette, RA (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM rguilmette@LRRI.org; maryann.parkhurst@pnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 98 IS 1 BP 77 EP 78 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 531RL UT WOS:000272685400011 ER PT J AU Chyu, MK Alvin, MA AF Chyu, Minking K. Alvin, Mary Anne TI Turbine Airfoil Aerothermal Characteristics in Future Coal Gas-Based Power Generation Systems SO HEAT TRANSFER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE turbine airfoil; heat transfer; clean coal AB Most promising operating cycles being developed for future coal-gas-based systems are hydrogen-fired cycle and oxy-fuel cycle. Both cycles will likely have turbine working fluids significantly different from those of conventional air-based gas turbines. The oxy-fuel cycle, with steam and CO(2) as a primary working fluid in the turbine section, will have a turbine inlet temperature target at approximately 1750 degrees C, significantly higher than the current level of utility turbine systems. Described in this paper is a CFD-based simulation of the transport phenomena around the gas side of a turbine airfoil under realistic operating conditions of future coal gas-based systems. The relatively high concentration of steam in the oxy-fuel turbine leads to approximately 40% higher heat transfer coefficient on the airfoil external surface than its hydrogen-fired counterpart. This suggests that advances in cooling technology and thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are critical for the developments of future coal-based turbine systems. To further explore this issue, a comparative study on the internal cooling effectiveness between a double-wall or skin-cooled arrangement and an equivalent serpentine-cooled configuration is performed. The contribution of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) toward overall thermal protection for turbine airfoil cooled under these two different cooling configurations is also evaluated. C1 [Chyu, Minking K.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Alvin, Mary Anne] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Chyu, MK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM mkchyu@pitt.edu NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1064-2285 J9 HEAT TRANSF RES JI Heat Transf. Res. PY 2010 VL 41 IS 7 SI 2 BP 737 EP 752 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA 731KF UT WOS:000288104400003 ER PT S AU Jessulat, M Buist, T Alamigir, M Hooshyar, M Xu, JH Aoki, H Ganoza, MC Butland, G Golshani, A AF Jessulat, Matthew Buist, Terry Alamigir, Md Hooshyar, Mohsen Xu, Jianhua Aoki, Hiroyuki Ganoza, M. Clelia Butland, Gareth Golshani, Ashkan BE Abdelhaleem, MM TI In Vivo Investigation of Protein-Protein Interactions for Helicases Using Tandem Affinity Purification SO HELICASES: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Helicase; protein-protein interaction; tandem affinity purification; homologous recombination; RNA/DNA secondary structures ID COMPLEX PURIFICATION; SYSTEM AB A key component in determining the functional role of any protein is the elucidation of its binding partners using protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. Here we examine the use of tandem affinity purification (TAP) tagging to study RNA/DNA helicase PPIs in Escherichia coli. The tag, which consists of a calmodulin-binding region, a TEV protease recognition sequence, and an IgG-binding domain, is introduced into E. coli using a lambda red recombination system. This method prevents the overproduction Of the target protein, which could generate false interactions. The interacting proteins are then affinity purified using double affinity purification steps and are seperated by SDS-PAGE followed by mass spectrometry identification. Each protein identified would represent a physical interaction in the cell. These interactions may potentially be mediated by an RNA/DNA template, for which the helicase would likely be needed to disrupt the secondary structures. C1 [Jessulat, Matthew; Buist, Terry; Alamigir, Md; Hooshyar, Mohsen; Golshani, Ashkan] Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Jessulat, Matthew; Buist, Terry; Alamigir, Md; Hooshyar, Mohsen; Golshani, Ashkan] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Inst Syst Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Xu, Jianhua; Aoki, Hiroyuki; Ganoza, M. Clelia] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Butland, Gareth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jessulat, M (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60327-354-1 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 587 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-355-8_7 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-355-8 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BNM27 UT WOS:000274938900007 PM 20225144 ER PT J AU Kozachenko, AP Shablykin, OV Gakh, AA Rusanov, EB Brovarets, VS AF Kozachenko, Alexander P. Shablykin, Oleg V. Gakh, Andrei A. Rusanov, Eduard B. Brovarets, Vladimir S. TI Synthesis of New Heterocyclic System of 4,5,7,8-Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c][1,3] thiazolo [4,5-e][1,3,2] diazaphosphinine Starting from 2-Aroylamino-3,3-dichloroacrylonitrile SO HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DERIVATIVES; AMINES; NITRILES; ADAN AB Easily accessible 2-aroylamino-3,3-dichloroacrylonitriles, when treated successively with ethylenediamine, phosphorus pentasulfide, water, and methyl and benzyl halides, furnish the corresponding derivatives of 4,5,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c] [1,3] thiazolo[4,5-e][1,3,2] diazaphosphinine, a novel-fused heterocycle. The structure of the compounds obtained is unequivocally confirmed by the spectroscopic method and X-ray diffraction analysis. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:492-498, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20638 C1 [Kozachenko, Alexander P.; Shablykin, Oleg V.; Brovarets, Vladimir S.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Bioorgan Chem & Petrochem, Kiev, Ukraine. [Gakh, Andrei A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rusanov, Eduard B.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Organ Chem, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Brovarets, VS (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Bioorgan Chem & Petrochem, Kiev, Ukraine. EM brovarets@bpci.kiev.ua OI Rusanov, Eduard/0000-0002-7678-0985 FU Global IPP through the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was supported by the Global IPP program through the Science and Technology Center in Ukraine. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC, under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This paper is a contribution from the Discovery Chemistry Project. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1042-7163 J9 HETEROATOM CHEM JI Heteroatom Chem. PY 2010 VL 21 IS 7 BP 492 EP 498 DI 10.1002/hc.20638 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 678HG UT WOS:000284064100006 ER PT S AU Kim, JY George, SM AF Kim, Jay Yu George, Steven M. BE Greene, LE Sherif, RA TI Tin Monosulfide Thin Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition Using Tin 2,4-Pentanedionate and Hydrogen Sulfide SO HIGH AND LOW CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS FOR SOLAR ELECTRIC APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference On High and Low Concentrator Systems for Solar Electric Applications V CY AUG 03-04, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Tin sulfide; atomic layer deposition; thin film; quartz crystal microbalance; optical bandgap; photoluminescence ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; LUMINESCENT SOLAR CONCENTRATORS; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ENERGY CONVERSION; TIN(II) SULFIDE; SNS FILMS; EPITAXY; CELLS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GLASS AB Tin monosulfide (SnS) was grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using sequential exposures of tin(II) 2,4-pentanedionate (Sn(acac)(2)) and hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S). In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) studies showed that the SnS ALD mass gain per cycle was 11-12 ng/cm(2) at 175 degrees C on a gold-covered QCM sensor. Using a film density of 5.07 g/cm(3) determined by X-ray reflectivity measurements, these mass gains are equivalent to SnS ALD growth rates of 0.22-0.24 angstrom/cycle. The ratio of the mass loss and mass gain ratio (vertical bar Delta m(2)/Delta m(1)vertical bar) from the H(2)S and Sn(acac)(2) reactions was vertical bar Delta m(2)/Delta m(1)| similar to 0.32 at 175 degrees C. This measured ratio is close to the predicted ratio from the proposed surface chemistry for SnS ALD. The SnS ALD was self-limiting versus the Sn(acac)(2) and H(2)S exposures. The SnS ALD growth rate was also independent of substrate temperature from 125-225 degrees C. X-ray fluorescence studies confirmed a Sn/S atomic ratio of similar to 1.0 for the SnS ALD films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that the SnS ALD films contained oxygen impurities at 15-20 at% after air exposure. These oxygen-containing SnS ALD films displayed a bandgap of similar to 1.87 eV that is higher than the SnS bulk value of similar to 1.3 eV. C1 [Kim, Jay Yu; George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Jay.Kim@nrel.gov RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8265-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7769 AR 776907 DI 10.1117/12.855890 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Optics GA BSU58 UT WOS:000285829900005 ER PT S AU Raman, RN Negres, RA DeMange, P Demos, SG AF Raman, Rajesh N. Negres, Raluca A. DeMange, Paul Demos, Stavros G. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI Time-resolved imaging of material response following laser-induced breakdown in the bulk and surface of fused silica SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Time-resolved imaging; microscopy; fused silica; damage initiation; surface damage; bulk damage AB Optical components within high energy laser systems are susceptible to laser-induced material modification when the breakdown threshold is exceeded or damage is initiated by pre-existing impurities or defects. These modifications are the result of exposure to extreme conditions involving the generation of high temperatures and pressures and occur on a volumetric scale of the order of a few cubic microns. The response of the material following localized energy deposition, including the timeline of events and the individual processes involved during this timeline, is still largely unknown. In this work, we investigate the events taking place during the entire timeline in both bulk and surface damage in fused silica using a set of time-resolved microscopy systems. These microscope systems offer up to 1 micron spatial resolution when imaging static or dynamic effects, allowing for imaging of the entire process with adequate temporal and spatial resolution. These systems incorporate various pump-probe geometries designed to optimize the sensitivity for detecting individual aspects of the process such as the propagation of shock waves, near-surface material motion, the speed of ejecta, and material transformations. The experimental results indicate that the material response can be separated into distinct phases, some terminating within a few tens of nanoseconds but some extending up to about 100 microseconds. Overall the results demonstrate that the final characteristics of the modified region depend on the material response to the energy deposition and not on the laser parameters. C1 [Raman, Rajesh N.; Negres, Raluca A.; DeMange, Paul; Demos, Stavros G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Raman, RN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7977-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7581 AR 75810D DI 10.1117/12.842301 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS14 UT WOS:000285579400011 ER PT S AU Wilcox, RB Byrd, JM Doolittle, LR Huang, G Staples, JW AF Wilcox, R. B. Byrd, J. M. Doolittle, L. R. Huang, G. Staples, J. W. BE Davis, SJ Heaven, MC Schriempf, JT TI A 20fs synchronization system for lasers and cavities in accelerators and FELs SO HIGH ENERGY/AVERAGE POWER LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy/Average Power Lasers and Intense Beam Applications IV CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE timing distribution; RF-over-fiber; phase stabilized link ID FREQUENCY-STABILITY AB A fiber-optic RF distribution system has been developed for synchronizing lasers and RF plants in short pulse FELs. Typical requirements are 50-100fs rms over time periods from 1ms to several hours. Our system amplitude modulates a CW laser signal, senses fiber length using an interferometer, and feed-forward corrects the RF phase digitally at the receiver. We demonstrate less than 15fs rms error over 12 hours, between two independent channels with a fiber path length difference of 200m and transmitting S-band RF. The system is constructed using standard telecommunications components, and uses regular telecom fiber. C1 [Wilcox, R. B.; Byrd, J. M.; Doolittle, L. R.; Huang, G.; Staples, J. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wilcox, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Huang, Gang/I-7772-2013 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7977-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7581 AR 75810O DI 10.1117/12.846253 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSS14 UT WOS:000285579400022 ER PT J AU Glenzer, SH Lee, HJ Davis, P Doppner, T Falcone, RW Fortmann, C Hammel, BA Kritcher, AL Landen, OL Lee, RW Munro, DH Redmer, R Weber, S AF Glenzer, S. H. Lee, H. J. Davis, P. Doeppner, T. Falcone, R. W. Fortmann, C. Hammel, B. A. Kritcher, A. L. Landen, O. L. Lee, R. W. Munro, D. H. Redmer, R. Weber, S. TI Dense plasma X-ray scattering: Methods and applications SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Warm dense matter; Plasma diagnostic; Thomson scattering; Plasmons ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; THOMSON SCATTERING; MATTER; MODEL AB We have developed accurate x-ray scattering techniques to measure the physical properties of dense plasmas. Temperature and density are inferred from inelastic x-ray scattering data whose interpretation is model-independent for low to moderately coupled systems. Specifically, the spectral shape of the non-collective Compton scattering spectrum directly reflects the electron velocity distribution. In partially Fermi-degenerate systems that have been investigated experimentally in laser shock-compressed beryllium, the Compton scattering spectrum provides the Fermi energy and hence the electron density. We show that forward scattering spectra that observe collective plasmon oscillations yield densities in agreement with non-collective Compton scattering. In addition, electron temperatures inferred from the dispersion of the plasmon feature are consistent with the ion temperature sensitive elastic scattering feature. Hence, theoretical models of the static ion-ion structure factor and consequently the equation of state of dense matter can be directly tested. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Glenzer, S. H.; Doeppner, T.; Hammel, B. A.; Landen, O. L.; Lee, R. W.; Munro, D. H.; Weber, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Lee, H. J.; Davis, P.; Falcone, R. W.; Kritcher, A. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fortmann, C.; Redmer, R.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM glenzer1@llnl.gov RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Laboratory User Facility, Laboratory Directed Research and Development [08-ERI-002, 08-LW-004]; Helmholtz association [VH-VI-104]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 652] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Also supported by the National Laboratory User Facility, Laboratory Directed Research and Development grants 08-ERI-002 and 08-LW-004, by the Helmholtz association (VH-VI-104), and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 652). NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.09.003 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500001 ER PT J AU Toleikis, S Faustlin, RR Cao, L Doppner, T Dusterer, S Forster, E Fortmann, C Glenzer, SH Gode, S Gregori, G Irsig, R Laarmann, T Lee, HJ Li, B Mithen, J Meiwes-Broer, KH Przystawik, A Radcliffe, P Redmer, R Tavella, F Thiele, R Tiggesbaumker, J Truong, NX Uschmann, I Zastrau, U Tschentscher, T AF Toleikis, S. Faeustlin, R. R. Cao, L. Doeppner, T. Duesterer, S. Foerster, E. Fortmann, C. Glenzer, S. H. Goede, S. Gregori, G. Irsig, R. Laarmann, T. Lee, H. J. Li, B. Mithen, J. Meiwes-Broer, K. -H. Przystawik, A. Radcliffe, P. Redmer, R. Tavella, F. Thiele, R. Tiggesbaeumker, J. Truong, N. X. Uschmann, I. Zastrau, U. Tschentscher, Th. TI Soft X-ray scattering using FEL radiation for probing near-solid density plasmas at few electron volt temperatures SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Free-electron laser; Soft X-ray spectroscopy; Inelastic X-ray scattering; Strongly-coupled plasmas; Ultrafast processes; Pump-probe Experiments ID THETA-PINCH PLASMA; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; THOMSON SCATTERING; LASER; MATTER AB We report on soft X-ray scattering experiments on cryogenic hydrogen and simple metal samples. As a source of intense, ultrashort soft X-ray pulses we have used free-electron laser radiation at 92 eV photon energy from FLASH at DESY, Hamburg. X-ray pulses with energies up to 150 pi and durations 15-50 fs provide interaction with the sample leading simultaneously to plasma formation and scattering. Experiments exploiting both of these interactions have been carried out, using the same experimental setup. Firstly, recording of soft X-ray inelastic scattering from near-solid density hydrogen plasmas at few electron volt temperatures confirms the feasibility of this diagnostics technique. Secondly, the soft X-ray excitation of few electron volt solid-density plasmas in bulk metal samples could be studied by recording soft X-ray line and continuum emission integrated over emission times from fs to ns. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tschentscher, Th.] European XFEL, DESY, Project Team, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Cao, L.; Foerster, E.; Fortmann, C.; Uschmann, I.; Zastrau, U.] Univ Jena, Inst Opt & Quantenelekt, D-07743 Jena, Germany. [Doeppner, T.; Glenzer, S. H.] LLNL, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Goede, S.; Irsig, R.; Meiwes-Broer, K. -H.; Przystawik, A.; Redmer, R.; Thiele, R.; Tiggesbaeumker, J.; Truong, N. X.] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Gregori, G.; Mithen, J.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Lee, H. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, B.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Cent Laser Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Tschentscher, T (reprint author), European XFEL, DESY, Project Team, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. EM thomas.tschentscher@xfel.eu RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013; OI Thiele, Robert/0000-0001-8350-9942; Zastrau, Ulf/0000-0002-3575-4449 FU Helmholtz association [VH-VI-104]; German Federal Ministry for Education and Research [FSP 301-FLASH]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 652]; University Hamburg [GRK 1355]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/G007187/1]; Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development [08-ERI-002, 08-LW-004]; European Community [RII3-CT-2004-506008] FX This work was initiated by the Virtual Institute Plasma Physics using FEL radiation funded by the Helmholtz association under No. VH-VI-104 and is continued in the project FSP 301-FLASH funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research. University Rostock acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the SFB 652 and RRF received support for the spectrometer and simulation codes from the GRK 1355 at University Hamburg. The work of GG, BL and JM was supported in part by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (Grant No. EP/G007187/1) and by the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. The work of TD and SHG was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Work was also supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development Grants No. 08-ERI-002 and No. 08-LW-004. The provision of a CCD detector by D. Riley at QUB, U.K., and support for access to FLASH by DESY and by the European Community under contract RII3-CT-2004-506008 (IA-SFS) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 15 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.06.012 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500003 ER PT J AU Mancic, A Robiche, J Antici, P Audebert, P Blancard, C Combis, P Dorchies, F Faussurier, G Fourmaux, S Harmand, M Kodama, R Lancia, L Mazevet, S Nakatsutsumi, M Peyrusse, O Recoules, V Renaudin, P Shepherd, R Fuchs, J AF Mancic, A. Robiche, J. Antici, P. Audebert, P. Blancard, C. Combis, P. Dorchies, F. Faussurier, G. Fourmaux, S. Harmand, M. Kodama, R. Lancia, L. Mazevet, S. Nakatsutsumi, M. Peyrusse, O. Recoules, V. Renaudin, P. Shepherd, R. Fuchs, J. TI Isochoric heating of solids by laser-accelerated protons: Experimental characterization and self-consistent hydrodynamic modeling SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Laser-accelerated protons; Isochoric heating; Dense plasma; Equation of state ID X-RAY-EMISSION; TIME AB A study of isochoric heating of Al foil by laser-accelerated proton beam is presented, coupling self-consistent hydrodynamic simulations (including proton stopping) with experimental measurements. The proton source that induces the heating has been characterized experimentally and the induced heating has been inferred through critical density expansion velocity measurement. The low-energy part of the proton spectrum that plays the dominant part in the heating process has been studied in detail. The experimental results are compared with the results of 1-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations that use as input the measured proton source and good agreement between the two is found using the SESAME EOS. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mancic, A.; Robiche, J.; Audebert, P.; Lancia, L.; Nakatsutsumi, M.; Fuchs, J.] UPMC, CEA, CNRS, LULI,Ecole Polytech, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Antici, P.] Univ Orsay, IOG, Ecole Polytech, ENSTA,ILE, Palaiseau, France. [Antici, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Blancard, C.; Combis, P.; Faussurier, G.; Mazevet, S.; Recoules, V.; Renaudin, P.] DIF, DAM, CEA, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Dorchies, F.; Harmand, M.; Peyrusse, O.] Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, F-33405 Talence, France. [Fourmaux, S.] INRS Energie & Mat, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. [Kodama, R.] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Shepherd, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mancic, A (reprint author), UPMC, CEA, CNRS, LULI,Ecole Polytech, Route Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM ana.mancic@polytechnique.edu; julien.fuchs@polytechnique.fr RI Harmand, Marion/J-6006-2012; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; harmand, marion/Q-1248-2016; Kodama, Ryosuke/G-2627-2016 OI Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; harmand, marion/0000-0003-0713-5824; FU Region Ile-de-France [E1127]; Ministry of Science, Serbia [141034]; ANR-France [ANR-06-BLAN-0392] FX We acknowledge the expert support from the technical groups at LULI. This work was supported by the Grant No. E1127 from Region Ile-de-France, by the Ministry of Science, Serbia (Project 141034) and ANR-06-BLAN-0392 from ANR-France. NR 38 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.06.008 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500004 ER PT J AU More, R Graziani, F Glosli, J Surh, M AF More, Richard Graziani, Frank Glosli, Jim Surh, Michael TI Radiation in particle simulations SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Particle simulation; Radiative processes; Fusion ignition; Radiation in particle simulation; Lienard-Weichert; Electrodynamic normal modes AB Hot dense radiative (HDR) plasmas common to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICE) and stellar interiors have high temperature (a few hundred eV to tens of key), high density (tens to hundreds of g/cc) and high pressure (hundreds of megabars to thousands of gigabars). Typically, such plasmas undergo collisional, radiative, atomic and possibly thermonuclear processes. In order to describe HDR plasmas, computational physicists in ICF and astrophysics use atomic-scale microphysical models implemented in various simulation codes. Experimental validation of the models used to describe HDR plasmas are difficult to perform. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the many-body interactions of plasmas is a promising approach to model validation but, previous work either relies on the collisionless approximation or ignores radiation. We present four methods that attempt a new numerical simulation technique to address a currently unsolved problem: the extension of molecular dynamics to collisional plasmas including emission and absorption of radiation. The first method applies the Lienard-Weichert solution of Maxwell's equations for a classical particle whose motion is assumed to be known. The second method expands the electromagnetic field in normal modes (plane-waves in a box with periodic boundary conditions) and solves the equation for wave amplitudes coupled to the particle motion. The third method is a hybrid molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo (MD/MC) method which calculates radiation emitted or absorbed by electron-ion pairs during close collisions. The fourth method is a generalization of the third method to include small clusters of particles emitting radiation during close encounters: one electron simultaneously hitting two ions, two electrons simultaneously hitting one ion, etc. This approach is inspired by the virial expansion method of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Using a combination of these methods we believe it is possible to do atomic-scale particle simulations of fusion ignition plasmas including the important effects of radiation emission and absorption. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [More, Richard; Graziani, Frank; Glosli, Jim; Surh, Michael] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Graziani, F (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM graziani1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL [09-SI-011] FX The authors have usefully discussed the work of this paper with a number of scientists, especially including Drs. Takako Kato, Kimitaka Itoh and Katsunobu Nishihara, Michael Murillo, John Castor, Jon Weisheit and Lorin Benedict. The work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL under project tracking code 09-SI-011. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.07.002 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500005 ER PT J AU Scott, HA Hansen, SB AF Scott, H. A. Hansen, S. B. TI Advances in NLTE modeling for integrated simulations SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Non-LTE; Radiation transport ID HYDROGENIC ION MODEL; ELECTRON-IMPACT; SCREENING COEFFICIENTS; CROSS-SECTIONS; PLASMAS; IONIZATION; RECOMBINATION; EXCITATION; WORKSHOP; ATOMS AB The last few years have seen significant progress in constructing the atomic models required for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) simulations. Along with this has come an increased understanding of the requirements for accurately modeling the ionization balance, energy content and radiative properties of different atomic species for a wide range of densities and temperatures. Much of this progress is the result of a series of workshops dedicated to comparing the results from different codes and computational approaches applied to a series of test problems. The results of these workshops emphasized the importance of atomic model completeness, especially in doubly-excited states and autoionization transitions, to calculating ionization balance, and the importance of accurate, detailed atomic data to producing reliable spectra. We describe a simple screened-hydrogenic model that calculates NLTE ionization balance with sufficient accuracy, at a low enough computational cost for routine use in radiation-hydrodynamics codes. The model incorporates term splitting, Delta n = 0 transitions, and approximate UTA widths for spectral calculations, with results comparable to those of much more detailed codes. Simulations done with this model have been increasingly successful at matching experimental data for laser-driven systems and hohlraums. Accurate and efficient atomic models are just one requirement for integrated NLTE simulations. Coupling the atomic kinetics to hydrodynamics and radiation transport constrains both discretizations and algorithms to retain energy conservation, accuracy and stability. In particular, the strong coupling between radiation and populations can require either very short time steps or significantly modified radiation transport algorithms to account for NLTE material response. Considerations such as these continue to provide challenges for NLTE simulations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Scott, H. A.; Hansen, S. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hansen, S. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Scott, HA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hascott@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. SH was partially supported by Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 41 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.07.003 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500006 ER PT J AU Florido, R Mancini, RC Nagayama, T Tommasini, R Delettrez, JA Regan, SP Smalyuk, VA Rodriguez, R Gil, JM AF Florido, R. Mancini, R. C. Nagayama, T. Tommasini, R. Delettrez, J. A. Regan, S. P. Smalyuk, V. A. Rodriguez, R. Gil, J. M. TI Argon K-shell and bound-free emission from OMEGA direct-drive implosion cores SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray spectroscopy; Spectral modeling; Plasma diagnostics ID LINE-PROFILES; MULTIELECTRON IONS; DENSE-PLASMAS; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; OPACITY AB We discuss calculations of synthetic spectra for the interpretation and analysis of K-shell and bound-free emission from argon-doped deuterium-filled OMEGA direct-drive implosion cores. The spectra are computed using a model that considers collisional-radiative atomic kinetics, continuum-lowering, detailed Stark-broadened line shapes, line overlapping, and radiation transport effects. The photon energy range covers the moderately optically thick n = 3 -> n = 1 and n = 4 -> n = 1 line transitions in He- and H-like Ar, their associated satellite lines in Li- and He-like Ar, and several radiative recombination edges. At the high-densities characteristic of implosion cores, the radiative recombination edges substantially shift to lower energies thus overlapping with several line transitions. We discuss the application of the spectra to spectroscopic analysis of doped implosion cores. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Florido, R.; Rodriguez, R.; Gil, J. M.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Fis, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. [Florido, R.; Mancini, R. C.; Nagayama, T.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Tommasini, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Delettrez, J. A.; Regan, S. P.; Smalyuk, V. A.] Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Florido, R (reprint author), Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Dept Fis, Las Palmas Gran Canaria 35017, Spain. EM rflorido@dfis.ulpgc.es RI Florido, Ricardo/H-5513-2015; Tommasini, Riccardo/A-8214-2009 OI Florido, Ricardo/0000-0001-7428-6273; Tommasini, Riccardo/0000-0002-1070-3565 FU DOE/NLUF [DE-FG52-07NA28062]; LLNL; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [ENE2008-06668-C02/FTN]; EU FX The authors would like to thank H.-K. Chung (University of California) for helpful discussion about the continuum-lowering in plasma mixtures. This work has been supported by DOE/NLUF Grant DE-FG52-07NA28062 and LLNL. R. Florido, R. Rodriguez and J.M. Gil have been supported by Research Grant ENE2008-06668-C02/FTN of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Keep in Touch Project of the EU. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.06.011 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500010 ER PT J AU Tanabe, M Nishimura, H Ohnishi, N Fournier, KB Fujioka, S Iwamae, A Hansen, SB Nagai, K Girard, F Primout, M Villette, B Brebion, D Mima, K AF Tanabe, Minoru Nishimura, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Naofumi Fournier, Kevin B. Fujioka, Shinsuke Iwamae, Atsushi Hansen, Stephanie B. Nagai, Keiji Girard, Frederic Primout, Michel Villette, Bruno Brebion, Didier Mima, Kunioki TI Characterization of heat-wave propagation through laser-driven Ti-doped underdense plasma SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Laser-produced plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; Plasma diagnostics; X-ray generation ID RAY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; YIELD; LIGHT AB The propagation of a laser-driven heat-wave into a Ti-doped aerogel target was investigated. The temporal evolution of the electron temperature was derived by means of Ti K-shell X-ray spectroscopy, and compared with two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations. Reasonable agreement was obtained in the early stage of the heat-wave propagation. In the later phase, laser absorption, the propagation of the heat-wave, and hydrodynamic motion interact in a complex manner, and the plasma is mostly re-heated by collision and stagnation at the target central axis. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tanabe, Minoru; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Fujioka, Shinsuke; Nagai, Keiji; Mima, Kunioki] Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Ohnishi, Naofumi] Tohoku Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Fournier, Kevin B.; Hansen, Stephanie B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Iwamae, Atsushi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Sci, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. [Girard, Frederic; Primout, Michel; Villette, Bruno; Brebion, Didier] DAM Ile de France, CEA, F-91297 Bruyeres Le Chatel, Arpajon, France. [Hansen, Stephanie B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tanabe, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, 2-6 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM mtanabe@ile.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Nagai, Keiji/E-5155-2014; Nishimura, Hiroaki/I-4908-2015; Fujioka, Shinsuke/J-5530-2015; Mima, Kunioki/H-9014-2016; Tanabe, Minoru/O-2016-2016 OI Fujioka, Shinsuke/0000-0001-8406-1772; Tanabe, Minoru/0000-0002-9077-3896 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Ministry of Education, Cultures, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [442, 20026005]; JSPS-CAS FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, the Ministry of Education, Cultures, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan project "Advanced Diagnostics for Burning Plasma (code 442) "Temperature and density mapping of imploded burning plasma with monochromatic X-ray imaging (code 20026005), and JSPS-CAS Core-University Program in the field of "Plasma and Nuclear Fusion". NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.06.006 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500013 ER PT J AU Dzelzainis, TWJ Chalupsky, J Fajardo, M Faustlin, R Heimann, PA Hajkova, V Juha, L Jurek, M Khattak, FY Kozlova, M Krzywinski, J Lee, RW Nagler, B Nelson, AJ Rosmej, FB Soberierski, R Toleikis, S Tschentscher, T Vinko, SM Wark, JS Whitcher, T Riley, D AF Dzelzainis, T. W. J. Chalupsky, J. Fajardo, M. Faeustlin, R. Heimann, P. A. Hajkova, V. Juha, L. Jurek, M. Khattak, F. Y. Kozlova, M. Krzywinski, J. Lee, R. W. Nagler, B. Nelson, A. J. Rosmej, F. B. Soberierski, R. Toleikis, S. Tschentscher, T. Vinko, S. M. Wark, J. S. Whitcher, T. Riley, D. TI Plasma emission spectroscopy of solids irradiated by intense XUV pulses from a free electron laser SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE XUV spectroscopy; VUV-FEL; Warm dense plasma ID X-RAY AB The FLASH XUV-free electron laser has been used to irradiate solid samples at intensities of the order 10(16) W cm(-2) at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. The subsequent time integrated XUV emission was observed with a grating spectrometer. The electron temperature inferred from plasma line ratios was in the range 5-8 eV with electron density in the range 10(21)-10(22) cm(-3). These results are consistent with the saturation of absorption through bleaching of the L-edge by intense photo-absorption reported in an earlier publication. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Dzelzainis, T. W. J.; Riley, D.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. [Chalupsky, J.; Hajkova, V.; Juha, L.; Jurek, M.; Kozlova, M.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Fajardo, M.] Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Fis Plasmas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Faeustlin, R.; Toleikis, S.; Tschentscher, T.] DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Lee, R. W.; Nelson, A. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Khattak, F. Y.] Kohat Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohat 26000, Nwfp, Pakistan. [Soberierski, R.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. [Krzywinski, J.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Nagler, B.; Vinko, S. M.; Wark, J. S.; Whitcher, T.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Rosmej, F. B.] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7605, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Heimann, P. A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Riley, D (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. EM d.riley@qub.ac.uk RI Vinko, Sam/I-4845-2013; Hajkova, Vera/G-9391-2014; Chalupsky, Jaromir/H-2079-2014; Fajardo, Marta/A-4608-2012; KHATTAK, Fida Younus/L-2404-2015 OI Vinko, Sam/0000-0003-1016-0975; Fajardo, Marta/0000-0003-2133-2365; NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-1818 J9 HIGH ENERG DENS PHYS JI High Energy Density Phys. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 6 IS 1 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.hedp.2009.05.017 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 660BW UT WOS:000282614500017 ER PT S AU Besuner, RW Baltay, C Diehl, HT Emmet, WT Harris, SE Jelinsky, PN Krider, JC Rabinowitz, DL Roe, NA AF Besuner, R. W. Baltay, C. Diehl, H. T. Emmet, W. T. Harris, S. E. Jelinsky, P. N. Krider, J. C. Rabinowitz, D. L. Roe, N. A. BE Holland, AD Dorn, DA TI Space-qualified, abuttable packaging for LBNL p-channel CCDs, Part II SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE JDEM; SNAP; SiC; Silicon Carbide; Radiation Tolerant ID CHARGE-COUPLED-DEVICES; SNAP AB Fully depleted, back-illuminated, p-channel CCDs developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory exhibit high quantum efficiency in the near-infrared (700-1050nm), low fringing effects, low lateral charge diffusion (and hence small, well-controlled point spread function), and high radiation tolerance. Building on previous efforts, we have developed techniques and hardware that have produced space-qualified 4-side abuttable, high-precision detector packages for 10.5 mu m pixel, 3.5k x 3.5k p-channel LBNL CCDs. These packages are built around a silicon carbide mounting pedestal, providing excellent rigidity, thermal stability, and heat transfer. Precision fixturing produces packages with detector surface flatness better than 10 mu m P-V. These packages with active areas of 36.8mm square may be packed on a detector pitch as small as 44mm. LBNL-developed Front End Electronics (FEE) packages can mount directly to the detector packages within the same footprint and detector pitch. This combination, along with identically interfaced NIR detector/FEE packages offers excellent opportunities for high density, high pixel count focal planes for space-based, ground-based, and airborne astronomy. C1 [Besuner, R. W.; Roe, N. A.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Besuner, RW (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-232-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7742 AR 77420H DI 10.1117/12.8564690 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU75 UT WOS:000285834500013 ER PT S AU Kotov, IV Kotov, AI Frank, J Kubanek, P Prouza, M O'Connor, P Radeka, V Takacs, P AF Kotov, I. V. Kotov, A. I. Frank, J. Kubanek, P. Prouza, M. O'Connor, P. Radeka, V. Takacs, P. BE Holland, AD Dorn, DA TI Study of Pixel Area Variations in Fully Depleted Thick CCD SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CCD; pixel size; charge diffusion ID SILICON AB Future wide field astronomical surveys, like Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), require photometric precision on the percent level. The accuracy of sensor calibration procedures should match these requirements. Pixel size variations found in CCDs from different manufacturers are the source of systematic errors in the flat field calibration procedure. To achieve the calibration accuracy required to meet the most demanding science goals this effect should be taken into account. The study of pixel area variations was performed for fully depleted, thick CCDs produced in a technology study for LSST. These are n-channel, 100 mu m thick devices. We find pixel size variations in both row and column directions. The size variation magnitude is smaller in the row direction. In addition, diffusion is found to smooth out electron density variations. It is shown that the characteristic diffusion width can be extracted from the flat field data. Results on pixel area variations and diffusion, data features, analysis technique and modeling technique are presented and discussed. C1 [Kotov, I. V.; Kotov, A. I.; Frank, J.; O'Connor, P.; Radeka, V.; Takacs, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kotov, IV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM kotov@bnl.gov RI Kubanek, Petr/G-7209-2014; Prouza, Michael/F-8514-2014 OI Prouza, Michael/0000-0002-3238-9597 NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-232-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7742 AR 774206 DI 10.1117/12.856519 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU75 UT WOS:000285834500006 ER PT S AU Mostek, NJ Bebek, CJ Karcher, A Kolbe, WF Roe, NA Thacker, J AF Mostek, Nick J. Bebek, Christopher J. Karcher, Armin Kolbe, William F. Roe, Natalie A. Thacker, Jonathan BE Holland, AD Dorn, DA TI Charge trap identification for proton-irradiated p plus channel CCDs SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Proton Radiation Damage; Silicon CCD Detectors; Pocket Pumping; Charge Transfer Efficiency ID TRANSFER INEFFICIENCY; SILICON; DAMAGE AB Charge trapping in bulk silicon lattice structures is a source of charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) in CCDs. These traps can be introduced into the lattice by low-energy proton radiation in the space environment, decreasing the performance of the CCD detectors over time. Detailed knowledge of the inherent trap properties, including energy level and cross section, is important for understanding the impact of the defects on charge transfer as a function of operating parameters such as temperature and clocking speeds. This understanding is also important for mitigation of charge transfer inefficiency through annealing, software correction, or improved device fabrication techniques. In this paper, we measure the bulk trap properties created by 12.5 MeV proton irradiation on p+ channel, full-depletion CCDs developed at LBNL. Using the pocket pumping technique, we identify the majority trap populations responsible for CTI in both the parallel and serial transfer processes. We find the dominant parallel transfer trap properties are well described by the silicon lattice divacancy trap, in agreement with other studies. While the properties of the defects responsible for CTI in the serial transfer are more difficult to measure, we conclude that divacancy-oxygen defect centers would be efficient at our serial clocking rate and exhibit properties consistent with our serial pocket pumping data. C1 [Mostek, Nick J.; Bebek, Christopher J.; Karcher, Armin; Kolbe, William F.; Roe, Natalie A.; Thacker, Jonathan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mostek, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM njmostek@lbl.gov RI Roe, Natalie/A-8798-2012 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-232-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7742 AR 774216 DI 10.1117/12.855936 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU75 UT WOS:000285834500033 ER PT S AU Takacs, PZ Kotov, I Frank, J O'Connor, P Radeka, V Lawrence, DM AF Takacs, P. Z. Kotov, I. Frank, J. O'Connor, P. Radeka, V. Lawrence, D. M. BE Holland, AD Dorn, DA TI PSF and MTF Measurement Methods for Thick CCD Sensor Characterization SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Point-spread function (PSF); line-spread function (LSF); modulation transfer function (MTF); Si CCD; charge diffusion; virtual knife edge (VKE); interference fringes; LSST ID MODULATION TRANSFER-FUNCTION; BASIC IMAGING PROPERTIES; DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; DETECTORS; SYSTEMS AB Knowledge of the point spread function (PSF) of the sensors to be used in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) camera is essential for optimal extraction of subtle galaxy shape distortions caused by gravitational weak lensing. We have developed a number of techniques for measuring the PSF of candidate CCD sensors to be used in the LSST camera, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The two main optical PSF measurement techniques that we use are the direct Virtual Knife Edge (VKE) scan as developed by Karcher, et al.(1) and the indirect interference fringe method after Andersen and Sorensen(2) that measures the modulation transfer function (MTF) directly. The PSF is derived from the MTF by Fourier transform. Other non-optical PSF measurement techniques that we employ include Fe-55 x-ray cluster image size measurements and statistical distribution analysis, and cosmic ray muon track size measurements, but are not addressed here. The VKE technique utilizes a diffraction-limited spot produced by a Point-Projection Microscope (PPM) that is scanned across the sensor with sub-pixel resolution. This technique closely simulates the actual operating condition of the sensor in the telescope with the source spot size having an f/# close to the actual telescope design value. The interference fringe method uses a simple equal-optical-path Michelson-type interferometer with a single-mode fiber source that produces interference fringes with 100% contrast over a wide spatial frequency range sufficient to measure the MTF of the sensor directly. The merits of each measurement technique and results from the various measurement techniques on prototype LSST sensors are presented and compared. C1 [Takacs, P. Z.; Kotov, I.; Frank, J.; O'Connor, P.; Radeka, V.; Lawrence, D. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takacs, PZ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-232-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7742 AR 774207 DI 10.1117/12.856738 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU75 UT WOS:000285834500007 ER PT S AU Wurtz, R Olivier, S Riot, V Hanold, BJ Figer, DF AF Wurtz, Ron Olivier, Scot Riot, Vincent Hanold, Brandon J. Figer, Donald F. BE Holland, AD Dorn, DA TI Centroid precision as a function of total counts in a windowed CMOS image of a point source SO HIGH ENERGY, OPTICAL, AND INFRARED DETECTORS FOR ASTRONOMY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy IV CY JUN 27-30, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CMOS; guider; LSST; centroiding AB We obtained 960,200 22-by-22-pixel windowed images of a pinhole spot using the Teledyne H2RG CMOS detector with un-cooled SIDECAR readout. We performed an analysis to determine the precision we might expect in the position error signals to a telescope's guider system. We find that, under non-optimized operating conditions, the error in the computed centroid is strongly dependent on the total counts in the point image only below a certain threshold, approximately 50,000 photo-electrons. The LSST guider camera specification currently requires a 0.04 arcsecond error at 10 Hertz. Given the performance measured here, this specification can be delivered with a single star at 14(th) to 18(th) magnitude, depending on the passband. C1 [Wurtz, Ron; Olivier, Scot; Riot, Vincent] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wurtz, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wurtz@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-232-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7742 AR 774228 DI 10.1117/12.857659 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BSU75 UT WOS:000285834500062 ER PT B AU Skilton, JL Hinton, JA Brucker, J Pandey-Pommier, M Cheung, CC Aharonian, FA Dubus, G Fiasson, A Funk, S Gallant, Y Marcowith, A Reimer, O AF Skilton, J. L. Hinton, J. A. Brucker, J. Pandey-Pommier, M. Cheung, C. C. Aharonian, F. A. Dubus, G. Fiasson, A. Funk, S. Gallant, Y. Marcowith, A. Reimer, O. BE Marti, J LuqueEscamilla, PL Combi, JA TI Radio and X-ray Observations of the Possible New Gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 SO HIGH ENERGY PHENOMENA IN MASSIVE STARS SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on High Energy Phenomena in Massive Stars CY FEB 02-05, 2009 CL Univ Jaen, Jaen, SPAIN SP Universitas Giennensis, Escuela Politecn Superior Jaen, Junta Andalucia, Universe Yours Discover HO Univ Jaen ID DISCOVERY; STARS AB HESS J0632+057 is one of the only point-like, unidentified TeV sources in our galaxy. The association of this source with the massive B0pe star MWC 148 has led to the suggestion that HESS J0632+057 could be a new gamma-ray binary system. Our recent X-ray observations with XMM-Newton have revealed a non-thermal, point-like source coincident with this star, further strengthening the identification of HESS J0632+057 as a high mass X-ray binary system. Here we present new Very Large Array (VLA) and Giant Metre-wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations towards HESS J0632+057 which reveal point-like variable emission at the location of MWC 148. C1 [Skilton, J. L.; Hinton, J. A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Brucker, J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Pandey-Pommier, M.] Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Cheung, C. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Astrophys Sci Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Aharonian, F. A.] Dublin Inst Adv Studies, Dublin, Ireland. [Dubus, G.] Univ Grenoble 1, Astrophys Lab, INSU, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Fiasson, A.; Gallant, Y.; Marcowith, A.] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theoret Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-34095 Montpellier, France. [Fiasson, A.] Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. [Funk, S.; Reimer, O.] Kavali Inst Particle Astrpphys & Cosmol, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Reimer, O.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Phys Astron & Particle Phys, Innsbruck, Austria. RP Skilton, JL (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RI Reimer, Olaf/A-3117-2013 OI Reimer, Olaf/0000-0001-6953-1385 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-724-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2010 VL 422 BP 128 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BUE39 UT WOS:000289008000014 ER PT B AU Hermann, V Pham, ND Fichtner, A Kremers, S Huang, LJ Johnson, P Larmat, C Bunge, HP Igel, H AF Hermann, V. Pham, N. D. Fichtner, A. Kremers, S. Huang, Lianjie Johnson, Paul Larmat, Carene Bunge, H-P Igel, H. BE Wagner, S Steinmetz, M Bode, A Muller, MM TI Advances in Modelling and Inversion of Seismic Wave Propagation SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, GARCHING/MUNICH 2009: TRANSACTIONS OF THE FOURTH JOINT HLRB AND KONWIHR REVIEW AND RESULTS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Joint HLRB and KONWIHR Review and Results Workshop CY DEC 08-09, 2009 CL Leibniz Supercomputing Ctr, Garching, GERMANY SP State Bavaria, German Res Fdn (DFG), German Fed Minist Educ & Res (BMBF) HO Leibniz Supercomputing Ctr ID SPECTRAL-ELEMENT METHOD; FINITE-DIFFERENCE; TOMOGRAPHY; TOPOGRAPHY; MOTION; MEDIA AB We report on progress in modelling and inversion of seismic waveforms. This involves in particular the simulation of wave propagation through Earth models with complex geometries (i.e., internal interfaces or topography) using numerical solutions based on tetrahedral meshes. In addition, efficient solvers in 3-D based on a regular-grid spectral element method allow for the simulation of many Earth models and for the inversion (i.e., for the fit) of observed seismograms using adjoint techniques. We present an application of this approach to the Australian continent. Furthermore results are presented on exploiting ideas from reverse acoustics to estimate finite source properties of large earthquakes and to constrain crustal scattering through modeling joint observations of rotational and translational ground motions. C1 [Hermann, V.; Pham, N. D.; Fichtner, A.; Kremers, S.; Bunge, H-P; Igel, H.] Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. [Huang, Lianjie; Johnson, Paul; Larmat, Carene] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hermann, V (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Munich, Germany. EM igel@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de RI Igel, Heiner/E-9580-2010; Fichtner, Andreas/J-2554-2015 FU Bavarian Elite Network THESIS; KONWIHR; European Human Resources Mobility Programme (SPICE project); DFG Emmy-Noether Programme; DAAD (N.D. Pham); Vietnamese Government; Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico FX We acknowledge funding from the Bavarian Elite Network THESIS, KONWIHR, and the LRZ for providing the computational resources. We also acknowledge the European Human Resources Mobility Programme (SPICE project), the DFG Emmy-Noether Programme, and the DAAD (N.D. Pham) and the Vietnamese Government. HI and SK also acknowledge support from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-13871-3 PY 2010 BP 293 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-13872-0_25 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BXN18 UT WOS:000296478100025 ER PT S AU Liu, B Liu, Y Braiman, Y AF Liu, Bo Liu, Yun Braiman, Yehuda BE Zediker, MS TI Coherent Beam Combining of High-Power Broad-Area Laser Diode Array in CW and Pulsed Modes SO HIGH-POWER DIODE LASER TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Diode Laser Technology and Applications VIII CY JAN 25-26, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Semiconductor laser; laser diode array; coherent beam combining; external cavity; off-axis feedback ID EXTERNAL TALBOT CAVITY; PHASE-LOCKED ARRAYS; SINGLE-LOBED BEAM; SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; LOCKING; ANTIGUIDES; BANDWIDTH; OUTPUT; RANGE; NM AB We present experimental results on coherent beam combining from large arrays of high power broad-area semiconductor lasers. Our laser array consists of 47 high-power anti-reflection coated broad-area semiconductor lasers and each laser emitter is capable of emitting 1.8 W when uncoated with a maximum array output power of 80W. The total available power from the AR coated array is approximately 40W. By using an external V-shape cavity design, we experimentally demonstrated a coherently combined beam at the output power of similar to 13 W with the 0.07 nm FWHM spectrum linewidth that is limited by the sensitivity of the optical spectrum analyzer. We also discuss coherent beam combining of high-power broad area laser diode array in current driver pulse mode operation. C1 [Liu, Bo; Braiman, Yehuda] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM liub@ornl.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7979-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7583 AR 75830Z DI 10.1117/12.842259 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSM49 UT WOS:000284938400033 ER PT S AU Dera, P AF Dera, Przemyslaw BE Boldyreva, E Dera, P TI INTRODUCTION TO HIGH-PRESSURE SCIENCE SO HIGH-PRESSURE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: FROM FUNDAMENTAL PHENOMENA TO TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Course of the International School of Crystallography CY JUN 04-14, 2009 CL Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture, Erice, ITALY SP Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture HO Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture DE High pressure; pressure-induced phenomena; diamond anvil cell; elastic deformation; plastic deformation; yield stress ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; STRESS AB To a common person pressure is just one of the parameters that describe a thermodynamic state. We all hear about it in everyday weather forecasts, and most of us do not associate it with anything particularly unique. Probably the most intuitive idea of the effect of high-pressure comes from movies, where submarine sinking to the bottom of the ocean is gradually crushed by the surrounding water, until its hull implodes. Why, then hundreds of scientists throughout the world spent their lifelong careers studying high-pressure phenomena? Despite all the developments in experimental technologies and instrumentation, modern scientist has very few tools that allow him or her to "grab" two atoms and bring them, in a very controllable way, closer together. Being able to achieve this task means the ability to directly probe interatomic interaction potentials and can cause transformations as dramatic as turning of a common gas into solid metal. Before the reader delves into more advanced topics described later in this book, this introductory chapter aims to explain several elementary, but extremely important concepts in high-pressure science. We will start with a brief discussion of laboratory devices used to produce pressure, address the issue of hydrostaticity, elastic and plastic compression, and will conclude with a short discussion of unique effects of anisotropic stress. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dera, P (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 434A,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dera@cars.uchicago.edu; dera@cars.uchicago.edu RI Dera, Przemyslaw/F-6483-2013 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-9257-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9258-8_1 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA BUD96 UT WOS:000288972100001 ER PT S AU Dera, P AF Dera, Przemyslaw BE Boldyreva, E Dera, P TI ALL DIFFERENT FLAVORS OF SYNCHROTRON SINGLE CRYSTAL X-RAY DIFFRACTION EXPERIMENTS SO HIGH-PRESSURE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: FROM FUNDAMENTAL PHENOMENA TO TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Course of the International School of Crystallography CY JUN 04-14, 2009 CL Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture, Erice, ITALY SP Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture HO Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture DE Synchrotron experiments; structure determination; single-crystal diffraction; phase transitions ID HIGH-PRESSURE; REFINEMENT; INTENSITIES; CELL AB This lecture reviews the main concepts, applications and capabilities of different non-conventional approaches to single-crystal x-ray diffraction (SXD) experiment utilizing synchrotron radiation for applications in high-pressure research. You will learn how such experiment can be designed and performed to best answer the scientific goals of your study and, at the same time overcome the main technical limitations imposed by the high-pressure device and type of measurement. The emphasis will be placed on experiments that cannot be performed using laboratory instruments, e.g. involving ultrahigh (> 50 GPa) pressures, poor quality samples, laser heating in diamond anvil cell (DAC), etc. The main goal of the presentation is to convince you that even if you are not an expert crystallographer, with good understanding of the general basic principles of synchrotron SXD experiments in a DAC you can successfully use these techniques as valuable and easy tools in your own high-pressure research. C1 Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dera, P (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 434A,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dera@cars.uchicago.edu; dera@cars.uchicago.edu RI Dera, Przemyslaw/F-6483-2013 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-9257-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9258-8_2 PG 12 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA BUD96 UT WOS:000288972100002 ER PT S AU Vogel, SC AF Vogel, Sven C. BE Boldyreva, E Dera, P TI REDUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL DIFFRACTION DATA INCLUDING TEXTURE ANALYSIS SO HIGH-PRESSURE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY: FROM FUNDAMENTAL PHENOMENA TO TECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B-Physics and Biophysics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 41st Course of the International School of Crystallography CY JUN 04-14, 2009 CL Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture, Erice, ITALY SP Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture HO Ettore Majorana Ctr Sci Culture DE Diffraction data analysis; Rietveld refinement; texture analysis ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; QUANTITATIVE PHASE-ANALYSIS; HIGH-PRESSURE DEFORMATION; DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; POWDER-DIFFRACTION; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURES; DETECTOR SYSTEMS; ROUND-ROBIN; R-FACTORS AB This chapter provides a commented list of references which the author considers useful for diffraction data analysis such as references relating to Rietveld analysis. In particular, references relating to the analysis of two-dimensional detector data such as image plates or CCDs are given. Literature dealing with texture analysis and interpretation as well as web links for software and online tutorials are also provided. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vogel, SC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sven@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-465X BN 978-90-481-9257-1 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SEC B PY 2010 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-9258-8_11 PG 11 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA BUD96 UT WOS:000288972100011 ER PT J AU Pravica, M Kim, E Tkachev, S Chow, P Xiao, YM AF Pravica, Michael Kim, Eunja Tkachev, Sergey Chow, Paul Xiao, Yuming TI High-pressure studies of melamine SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 47th Meeting of the European-High-Pressure-Research-Group (EHPRG 47) CY SEP 06-11, 2009 CL Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, Cordeliers Campus, Paris, FRANCE SP European High Pressure Res Grp HO Univ Pierre & Marie Curie, Cordeliers Campus DE melamine; high pressure; X-ray diffraction; X-ray Raman spectroscopy ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; DECOMPOSITION; CYCLOHEXANE AB We performed the first high-pressure study of melamine using X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS) up to 17GPa in a diamond anvil cell at ambient temperature. We utilized the 16 ID-D undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source for the X-ray source. The observed diminishment of the 1s* peak as well as other changes in the XRS spectra with pressure suggest the possibility of intra- and inter-molecular bonding changes due to two phase changes in the investigated pressure range or hybridization changes of atomic orbitals in the material with pressure. We also performed a complementary X-ray powder diffraction study of neat melamine up to 24GPa observing at least two phase transitions with pressure. Pressure cycling indicated that the phase transitions were reversible. Density-functional theory calculations performed on the system at ambient and low pressure show a high level of agreement with the experiments. C1 [Pravica, Michael; Kim, Eunja; Tkachev, Sergey] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Pravica, Michael; Kim, Eunja; Tkachev, Sergey] Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Chow, Paul; Xiao, Yuming] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, High Pressure Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pravica, M (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys & Astron, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM pravica@physics.unlv.edu NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 AR PII 919928321 DI 10.1080/08957951003629854 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 570LX UT WOS:000275680900014 ER PT J AU Antonangeli, D Farber, DL Aracne, CM Ruddle, DG Siebert, J Bonner, BP AF Antonangeli, D. Farber, D. L. Aracne, C. M. Ruddle, D. G. Siebert, J. Bonner, B. P. TI Kinetics of the isostructural to transition in cerium investigated by ultrasonics SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cerium; phase transition; kinetics ID ALPHA-GAMMA-TRANSITION; KONDO VOLUME-COLLAPSE; ALLOYED TRIP STEELS; GRAINS; CE AB We performed ultrasonic pulse echo measurements on high-purity polycrystalline cerium across the isostructural to -fcc-to-fcc transition, up to 13kbar and then back down to 0.3kbar. Our results confirm the anomalous decrease of the longitudinal sound velocity in the -phase approaching the transition, a significant hysteresis loop, and definitively highlight the strong difference in the long wavelength limit of the lattice dynamics of the and phases. We have also studied the kinetics of the transition, which is well described by an Arrhenius behavior, with an activation volume of 10cm3/mol. C1 [Antonangeli, D.; Farber, D. L.; Aracne, C. M.; Ruddle, D. G.; Siebert, J.; Bonner, B. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Antonangeli, D.; Siebert, J.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris 06, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Inst Mineral & Phys Milieux Condenses,CNRS,UMR 75, Paris, France. [Farber, D. L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95063 USA. [Bonner, B. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Antonangeli, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM daniele.antonangeli@impmc.upmc.fr RI siebert, julien/E-6998-2010; Farber, Daniel/F-9237-2011; Siebert, Julien/A-8336-2014 OI Siebert, Julien/0000-0001-9972-6239 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 151 EP 158 AR PII 919928544 DI 10.1080/08957950903554576 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 570LX UT WOS:000275680900028 ER PT J AU Lavina, B Dera, P Downs, RT Tschauner, O Yang, WE Shebanova, O Shen, GY AF Lavina, Barbara Dera, Przemyslaw Downs, Robert T. Tschauner, Oliver Yang, Wenge Shebanova, Olga Shen, Guoyin TI Effect of dilution on the spin pairing transition in rhombohedral carbonates SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International-Union-of-Crystallography Meeting on Advanced Crystallography at High Pressure CY JUL 19-22, 2009 CL Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Union Crystallography HO Harbin Inst Technol DE magnesite; siderite; spin transition; compressibility; single crystal diffraction ID EARTHS LOWER MANTLE; LOWERMOST MANTLE; PRESSURE; IRON; PEROVSKITE; MAGNESITE; STABILITY; WUSTITE; STATE; ZONE AB The compressibility of an iron-bearing magnesite [image omitted] was determined by means of single crystal diffraction up to 64GPa. Up to 49 GPa the pressure-evolution of the unit cell volume of the solid solution with 12% of Fe2+ can be described by a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with parameters V0=281.0(5)angstrom 3, K0=102.8(3)GPa, K[image omitted]. The spin pairing of the Fe2+ d-electrons occurs between 49 and 52 GPa, as evidenced by a discontinuous volume change. The transition pressure is increased by about 5GPa compared with the iron end-member; an effect consistent with a cooperative contribution of adjacent clusters to the spin transition. The trend is, however, opposite in the periclase-wustite solid solution. Differences among the two structures, in particular in the Fe-Fe interactions, that might explain the different behavior are discussed. C1 [Lavina, Barbara; Tschauner, Oliver] Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Lavina, Barbara; Tschauner, Oliver] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Dera, Przemyslaw] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Downs, Robert T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Tschauner, Oliver] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Yang, Wenge; Shebanova, Olga; Shen, Guoyin] Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Yang, Wenge] Carnegie Inst Washington, Adv Photon Source, HPSynC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lavina, B (reprint author), Univ Nevada, High Pressure Sci & Engn Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM lavina.b1@gmail.com RI Lavina, Barbara/A-1015-2010; Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Shen, Guoyin/D-6527-2011; Dera, Przemyslaw/F-6483-2013 OI Lavina, Barbara/0000-0002-8556-7916; NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2 BP 224 EP 229 AR PII 922732440 DI 10.1080/08957959.2010.485391 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 606RW UT WOS:000278445900002 ER PT J AU Haake, DM Wilton, T Krier, K Stewart, AJ Cormier, SM AF Haake, Danelle M. Wilton, Tom Krier, Ken Stewart, Arthur J. Cormier, Susan M. TI Causal Assessment of Biological Impairment in the Little Floyd River, Iowa, USA SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE causal characteristics; types of evidence; biological impairment; agriculture; stressor identification; causation ID SCIOTO RIVER; OHIO AB An assessment of biological impairment in the Little Floyd River (Iowa, USA) was based oil evidence of three characteristics of causation: co-occurrence,preceding, and sufficiency. Evidence of the physical interaction of the probable causes and the biota, resulting alterations to the biota, as well as the time order of the cause and the effect were consistent. within the assessment, but the evidence For these causal characteristics did not discriminate among probable causes or other causes. Deposited sediment, low-dissolved oxygen, heat. stress, and ammonia toxicity are the probable causes of imapaired biological condition ill the Little Floyd River compared with other rivers in the ecoregion. Less likely causes are suspended sediment, altered basal food resources, and flow alteration. Very unlikely causes are PH shifts, total dissolved solids, Cyprinus carpino (an invasive species), metal toxicity, all([ pesticides. Data were insufficient to assess salinity or other toxicants. The assessment was Used to develop a recovery plan for the stream. This assessment demonstrates that, even when there are many candidate causes and uncertainties are substantial, the probable causes of biological impairments can be determined with enough certainty to inform decision-making to address environmental problems. C1 [Haake, Danelle M.] Litzsinger Rd Ecol Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Wilton, Tom; Krier, Ken] Iowa Dept Nat Resources, Water Monitoring & Assessment Sect, Des Moines, IA USA. [Stewart, Arthur J.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Cormier, Susan M.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Haake, DM (reprint author), Litzsinger Rd Ecol Ctr, 9711 Litzsinger Rd, Ladue, MO 63124 USA. OI stewart, arthur/0000-0003-1968-5997 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 116 EP 148 DI 10.1080/10807030903459544 PG 33 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 562NO UT WOS:000275058800009 ER PT J AU Paller, MH Dyer, SA AF Paller, Michael H. Dyer, Susan A. TI Ecological Effects of Metals in Streams on a Defense Materials Processing Site in South Carolina, USA SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk; metals; streams; nuclear site; watersheds; exposure models ID COASTAL-PLAIN STREAMS; WATER; FISH; INDEX AB The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a 780 km2 U.S. Department of Energy facility near Aiken, South Carolina, established in 1950 to produce nuclear materials. SRS streams are ointegratorso that potentially receive water transportable contaminants from all sources within their drainage basins, necessitating a watershed approach to organize contaminant distribution data and characterize the effects of multiple contaminants on aquatic organisms. This study used several lines-of-evidence to assess the ecological effects of metals in SRS streams, including contaminant exposure models for apex predators and bioassessments of fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages. Concentrations of metals in sediments, fish, and water were elevated in streams affected by SRS operations, but contaminant exposure models for the river otter Lontra Canadensis and belted kingfisher Ceryle alcyon indicated that toxicological reference values were exceeded only by Hg and Al. Macroinvertebrate assemblage structure was unrelated to sediment metal concentrations. Fish assemblage data were inconclusive. This study indicated that (1) modeling studies and field bioassessments provide a complementary basis for addressing the individual and cumulative effects of contaminants, (2) habitat effects must be controlled when assessing contaminant impacts, (3) sensitivity analyses of contaminant exposure models can help to apportion sampling effort, and (4) most individual metals in SRS streams are unlikely to have significant ecological effects. C1 [Paller, Michael H.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Dyer, Susan A.] Soil & Groundwater Remediat Support, Aiken, SC USA. RP Paller, MH (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Bldg 773-42A,Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM michael.paller@srnl.doe.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC09-96SR18500] FX We thank the many individuals that collected and analyzed environmental samples and developed and maintained the data bases used in this study. This report was developed during U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC09-96SR18500. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2010 VL 16 IS 5 BP 1095 EP 1114 AR PII 927924873 DI 10.1080/10807039.2010.512255 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 662MD UT WOS:000282810500009 ER PT S AU Gnedin, NY Kravtsov, AV AF Gnedin, Nickolay Y. Kravtsov, Andrey V. BE Debattista, VP Popescu, CC TI On the Kennicutt-Schmidt Relation of Low-Metallicity High-Redshift Galaxies SO HUNTING FOR THE DARK: THE HIDDEN SIDE OF GALAXY FORMATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Hunting for the Dark: The Hidden Side of Galaxy Formation CY OCT 19-23, 2009 CL Qawra, MALTA SP Univ Malta, Univ Central Lancashire, Malta Council Sci Tech, Royal Astronom Soc, Heritage Malta, Toyota, Michael Debono Ltd, Air Malta, Farsons ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; GALACTIC DISKS; MOLECULAR GAS; FORMATION LAW AB We present results of self-consistent, high-resolution cosmological simulations of galaxy formation at z similar to 3. The simulations employ a recently developed recipe for star formation based on the local abundance of molecular hydrogen, which is tracked self-consistently during the course of the simulation. The phenomenological H(2) formation model accounts for the effects of dissociating UV radiation of stars in each galaxy, as well as for self-shielding and shielding of H(2) by dust. This allows us therefore to explore effects of lower metallicities and higher UV fluxes prevalent in high redshift galaxies on their star formation. We find that the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation exhibited by our simulated galaxies at z approximate to 3 is substantially steeper and has a lower amplitude than the z = 0 relation at Sigma(H) < 100M(circle dot)/pc(2). The predicted relation, however, is consistent with existing observational constraints for the z approximate to 3 Damped Lyman alpha (DLA) and LBGs. C1 [Gnedin, Nickolay Y.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gnedin, NY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0786-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1240 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1063/1.3458463 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BRR30 UT WOS:000283480000022 ER PT S AU Joslyn, C Hogan, E AF Joslyn, Cliff Hogan, Emilie BE Corchado, E Romay, MG Savio, AM TI Order Metrics for Semantic Knowledge Systems SO HYBRID ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS, PT 2 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems CY JUN 23-25, 2010 CL Univ Pais Vasco, San Sebastian, SPAIN HO Univ Pais Vasco AB Knowledge systems technologies, as derived from AI methods and used in the modern Semantic Web movement, are dominated by graphical knowledge structures such as ontologies and semantic graph databases. A critical but typically overlooked aspect of all of these structures is their admission to analyses in terms of formal hierarchical relations. The partial order representations of whatever hierarchy is present within a knowledge structure afford opportunities to exploit these hierarchical constraints to facilitate a variety of tasks, including ontology analysis and alignment, visual layout, and anomaly detection. We introduce the basic concepts of order metrics and address the impact of a hierarchical (order-theoretical) analysis on knowledge systems tasks. C1 [Joslyn, Cliff] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Hogan, Emilie] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Joslyn, C (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Natl Secur Directorate, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM cjoslyn@pnl.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13802-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2010 VL 6077 BP 399 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BTG57 UT WOS:000286905700050 ER PT J AU Murakami, H Chen, X Hahn, MS Liu, Y Rockhold, ML Vermeul, VR Zachara, JM Rubin, Y AF Murakami, H. Chen, X. Hahn, M. S. Liu, Y. Rockhold, M. L. Vermeul, V. R. Zachara, J. M. Rubin, Y. TI Bayesian approach for three-dimensional aquifer characterization at the Hanford 300 Area SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PUMPING TEST DATA; HYDRAULIC TOMOGRAPHY; HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; CONDUCTIVITY; INFERENCE; INVERSE; MOMENTS; TESTS; SITE AB This study presents a stochastic, three-dimensional characterization of a heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity field within the Hanford 300 Area, Washington, USA, by assimilating large-scale, constant-rate injection test data with small-scale, three-dimensional electromagnetic borehole flowmeter (EBF) measurement data. We first inverted the injection test data to estimate the transmissivity field, using zeroth-order temporal moments of pressure buildup curves. We applied a newly developed Bayesian geostatistical inversion framework, the method of anchored distributions (MAD), to obtain a joint posterior distribution of geostatistical parameters and local log-transmissivities at multiple locations. The unique aspects of MAD that make it suitable for this purpose are its ability to integrate multi-scale, multi-type data within a Bayesian framework and to compute a nonparametric posterior distribution. After we combined the distribution of transmissivities with depth-discrete relative-conductivity profile from the EBF data, we inferred the three-dimensional geostatistical parameters of the log-conductivity field, using the Bayesian model-based geostatistics. Such consistent use of the Bayesian approach throughout the procedure enabled us to systematically incorporate data uncertainty into the final posterior distribution. The method was tested in a synthetic study and validated using the actual data that was not part of the estimation. Results showed broader and skewed posterior distributions of geostatistical parameters except for the mean, which suggests the importance of inferring the entire distribution to quantify the parameter uncertainty. C1 [Chen, X.; Hahn, M. S.; Liu, Y.; Rubin, Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Murakami, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rockhold, M. L.; Vermeul, V. R.; Zachara, J. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rubin, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rubin@ce.berkeley.edu RI Wainwright, Haruko/A-5670-2015 OI Wainwright, Haruko/0000-0002-2140-6072 FU US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE-ERSP [DE-FG02-06ER06-16]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This study has been funded by the US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Science Program (ERSP), through DOE-ERSP grant DE-FG02-06ER06-16 as part of Hanford 300 Area Integrated Field Research Challenge Project. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 48 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1989 EP 2001 DI 10.5194/hess-14-1989-2010 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 673ML UT WOS:000283667500015 ER PT J AU Li, H Sivapalan, M Tian, F Liu, D AF Li, H. Sivapalan, M. Tian, F. Liu, D. TI Water and nutrient balances in a large tile-drained agricultural catchment: a distributed modeling study SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIPS; PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT; UNIFYING FRAMEWORK; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; COLD REGIONS; EXPORT; SOIL; THERMODYNAMICS; EQUATIONS AB This paper presents the development and implementation of a distributed model of coupled water nutrient processes, based on the representative elementary watershed (REW) approach, to the Upper Sangamon River Basin, a large, tile-drained agricultural basin located in central Illinois, mid-west of USA. Comparison of model predictions with the observed hydrological and biogeochemical data, as well as regional estimates from literature studies, shows that the model is capable of capturing the dynamics of water, sediment and nutrient cycles reasonably well. The model is then used as a tool to gain insights into the physical and chemical processes underlying the inter-and intra-annual variability of water and nutrient balances. Model predictions show that about 80% of annual runoff is contributed by tile drainage, while the remainder comes from surface runoff (mainly saturation excess flow) and subsurface runoff. It is also found that, at the annual scale nitrogen storage in the soil is depleted during wet years, and is supplemented during dry years. This carryover of nitrogen storage from dry year to wet year is mainly caused by the lateral loading of nitrate. Phosphorus storage, on the other hand, is not affected much by wet/dry conditions simply because the leaching of it is very minor compared to the other mechanisms taking phosphorous out of the basin, such as crop harvest. The analysis then turned to the movement of nitrate with runoff. Model results suggested that nitrate loading from hillslope into the channel is preferentially carried by tile drainage. Once in the stream it is then subject to in-stream denitrification, the significant spatio-temporal variability of which can be related to the variation of the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions across the river network. C1 [Li, H.; Sivapalan, M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Li, H.; Liu, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sivapalan, M.; Tian, F.; Liu, D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Geog, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Sivapalan, M.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Dept Water Management, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Tian, F.; Liu, D.] Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hli23@illinois.edu RI Sivapalan, Murugesu/A-3538-2008; Tian, Fuqiang/A-8233-2012; Li, Hong-Yi/C-9143-2014; LIU, Dengfeng/D-1096-2014; Tian, Fuqiang/M-9958-2013 OI Sivapalan, Murugesu/0000-0003-3004-3530; Li, Hong-Yi/0000-0001-5690-3610; LIU, Dengfeng/0000-0003-3831-3865; Tian, Fuqiang/0000-0001-9414-7019 FU University of Illinois; National Science Foundation [NSF EFRI-0835982]; National Science Foundation of China [NSFC 50779022] FX We thank ISWS and USGS for kindly providing most of the data used in this study. We are also grateful to Greg McIsaac, Prasanta Kalita and Praveen Kumar for providing valuable comments and suggestions on various aspects of the modeling. The work was funded in part by the University of Illinois through the IACAT project (PI: Barbara Minsker), the National Science Foundation (NSF EFRI-0835982, Ximing Cai, PI), and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC 50779022, Heping Hu, PI). The financial support is gratefully acknowledged. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2010 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2259 EP 2275 DI 10.5194/hess-14-2259-2010 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 687DH UT WOS:000284754500008 ER PT B AU Chavez, GM Key, BP Zerkle, DK Shevitz, DW AF Chavez, Gregory M. Key, Brian P. Zerkle, David K. Shevitz, Daniel W. BE Filipe, J Fred, A Sharp, B TI INFORMATION UNCERTAINTY TO COMPARE QUALITATIVE REASONING SECURITY RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS SO ICAART 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 1: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2010) CY JAN 22-24, 2010 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE Imprecise Information; Confidence; Triage application ID FUZZY-LOGIC; FUZZINESS AB The security risk associated with malevolent acts such as those of terrorism are often void of the historical data required for a traditional PRA. Most information available to conduct security risk assessments for these malevolent acts is obtained from subject matter experts as subjective judgements. Qualitative reasoning approaches such as approximate reasoning and evidential reasoning are useful for modeling the predicted risk from information provided by subject matter experts. Absent from these approaches is a consistent means to compare the security risk assessment results. This paper explores using entropy measures to quantify the information uncertainty associated with conflict and non-specificity in the predicted reasoning results. Extensions of previous entropy measures are presented here to quantify the non specificity and conflict associated with security risk assessment results obtained from qualitative reasoning models. C1 [Chavez, Gregory M.; Key, Brian P.; Zerkle, David K.; Shevitz, Daniel W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Chavez, GM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM gregchavez@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-674-021-4 PY 2010 BP 398 EP 405 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG8KB UT WOS:000392361600064 ER PT J AU Lanza, NL Meyer, GA Okubo, CH Newsom, HE Wiens, RC AF Lanza, N. L. Meyer, G. A. Okubo, C. H. Newsom, H. E. Wiens, R. C. TI Evidence for debris flow gully formation initiated by shallow subsurface water on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars; Mars, surface; Geological processes ID POTENTIAL FORMATION MECHANISMS; LIQUID WATER; MARTIAN GULLIES; CHANNEL INITIATION; SURFACE RUNOFF; NEAR-SURFACE; GROUND ICE; CONSTRAINTS; LANDSLIDES; STABILITY AB The morphologies of some martian gullies appear similar to terrestrial features associated with debris flow initiation, erosion, and deposition. On Earth, debris flows are often triggered by shallow subsurface throughflow of liquid water in slope-mantling colluvium. This flow causes increased levels of pore pressure and thus decreased shear strength, which can lead to slide failure of slope materials and Subsequent debris flow. The threshold for pore pressure-induced failure creates a distinct relationship between the contributing area supplying the subsurface flow and the slope gradient. To provide initial tests of a similar debris flow initiation hypothesis for martian gullies, measurements of the contributing areas and slope gradients were made at the channel heads of martian gullies seen in three HiRISE stereo pairs. These gullies exhibit morphologies suggestive of debris flows such as leveed channels and lobate debris fans, and have well-defined channel heads and limited evidence for multiple flows. Our results show an area-slope relationship for these martian gullies that is consistent with that observed for terrestrial gullies formed by debris flow, supporting the hypothesis that these gullies formed as the result of saturation of near-surface regolith by a liquid. This model favors a source of liquid that is broadly distributed within the source area and shallow: we suggest that such liquid could be generated by melting of broadly distributed icy materials Such as snow or permafrost. This interpretation is strengthened by observations of polygonal and mantled terrain in the study areas, which are both suggestive of near-surface ice. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lanza, N. L.; Newsom, H. E.] Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Okubo, C. H.] US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. [Wiens, R. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat ISR 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lanza, NL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Inst Meteorit, MSC03 2050,1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM nlanza@umn.edu FU NASA [NNX08AL74G] FX Thanks to Ianko Tchoukanski for making Easy Calculate 5.0 available, to Marty Gilmore for assistance on previous gully studies, and to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful input. N.L.L. wishes to acknowledge the support of a NASA Graduate Student Research Program grant and a Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowship. H.N. was supported by NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program Grant NNX08AL74G. NR 65 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2010 VL 205 IS 1 SI SI BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.014 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 547CA UT WOS:000273861800007 ER PT S AU Maris, P Sosonkina, M Vary, JP Ng, E Yang, C AF Maris, Pieter Sosonkina, Masha Vary, James P. Ng, Esmond Yang, Chao GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Scaling of ab-initio nuclear physics calculations on multicore computer architectures SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE hybrid MPI/OpenMP; scaling; MFDn ID SHELL-MODEL AB We discuss the scaling behavior of a state-of-the-art Configuration Interaction code for nuclear physics on modern multicore computer architectures. In the CI approach, the quantum many-body problem is expressed as a large sparse symmetric eigenvalue problem, of which the lowest eigenvalues and eigenvectors have to be computed. We compare the performance of the pure MPI version with the hybrid MPI/OpenMP code on Cray XT4 and XT5 platforms. For large core counts (typically 5,000 and above), the hybrid version is more efficient than pure MPI. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Maris, Pieter; Vary, James P.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Sosonkina, Masha] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ng, Esmond; Yang, Chao] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maris, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM pmaris@iastate.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 FU Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC02-09ER41582, DE-FG02-87ER40371, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work was supported in part by Iowa State University under the contract DE-AC02-07CH11358 with the U.S. Department of Energy, by the U.S. Department of Energy under the grants DE-FC02-09ER41582 (UNEDF SciDAC-2) and DE-FG02-87ER40371 (Division of Nuclear Physics) and by the Director, Office of Science, Division of Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Computational resources were provided by DOE through the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center (NERSC) and through an INCITE award (David Dean, PI). NR 23 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.012 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600011 ER PT S AU Manson, JR Wang, DL Wallis, SG Page, R Laielli, MJ AF Manson, J. Russell Wang, Dali Wallis, Steve G. Page, Richard Laielli, Michael J. GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI A massively parallel semi-Lagrangian algorithm for solving the transport equation SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE advection; semi-lagrangian; parallel; MPI; scalability ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL ADVECTION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; MODELS AB The scalar transport equation underpins many models employed in science, engineering, technology and business. Application areas include, but are not restricted to, pollution transport, weather forecasting, video analysis and encoding (the optical flow equation), options and stock pricing (the Black-Scholes equation) and spatially explicit ecological models. Unfortunately finding numerical solutions to this equation which are fast and accurate is not trivial. Moreover, finding such numerical algorithms that can be implemented on high performance computer architectures efficiently is challenging. In this paper the authors describe a massively parallel algorithm for solving the advection portion of the transport equation. We present an approach here which is different to that used in most transport models and which we have tried and tested for various scenarios. The approach employs an intelligent domain decomposition based on the vector field of the system equations and thus automatically partitions the computational domain into algorithmically autonomous regions. The solution of a classic pure advection transport problem is shown to be conservative, monotonic and highly accurate at large time steps. Additionally we demonstrate that the algorithm is highly efficient for high performance computer architectures and thus offers a route towards massively parallel application. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manson, J. Russell; Page, Richard; Laielli, Michael J.] Richard Stockton Coll New Jersey, POB 195, Pomona, NJ 08240 USA. [Wang, Dali] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. [Wallis, Steve G.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Manson, JR (reprint author), Richard Stockton Coll New Jersey, POB 195, Pomona, NJ 08240 USA. EM russell.manson@stockton.edu RI Wang, Dali /B-4829-2012 FU Richard Stockton College of New Jersey [AY '09-'10] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Professor David Joiner and Kean University for making the PUMA cluster available to us for model testing and model runs. Professor Joiner also has been helpful in explaining to us the details of the cluster. The first author would also like to thank the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey for supporting this work in the form of a R&PD grant (AY '09-'10). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 327 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.036 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600035 ER PT S AU Lipnikov, K Moulton, JD Svyatskiy, D AF Lipnikov, Konstantin Moulton, J. David Svyatskiy, Daniil GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI A multiscale multilevel mimetic (M-3) method for well-driven flows in porous media SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE two-phase flow; well modeling; tensorial media; mimetic finite differences ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS; MESHES AB The multiscale multilevel mimetic (M-3) method was designed in [13] for the accurate modeling of two-phase flows in highly heterogeneous porous media on general polygonal meshes. In this article, it is extended to well-driven flows in porous media. We demonstrate its ability to treat accurately non-orthogonal locally-refined meshes and tensorial material properties. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lipnikov, Konstantin; Moulton, J. David; Svyatskiy, Daniil] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov; moulton@lanl.gov; dasvyat@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 771 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.083 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600082 ER PT S AU Gray, GA Fowler, K Griffin, JD AF Gray, G. A. Fowler, K. Griffin, J. D. GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Hybrid Optimization Schemes for Simulation-Based Problems SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE simulation-based; derivative-free; hybrid; hydraulic capture; pattern search ID PARALLEL PATTERN SEARCH; DERIVATIVE-FREE OPTIMIZATION; NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHMS; SURROGATE AB The inclusion of computer simulations in the study and design of complex engineering systems has created a need for efficient approaches to simulation-based optimization. For example, in water resources management problems, optimization problems regularly consist of objective functions and constraints that rely on output from a PDE-based simulator. Various assumptions can be made to simplify either the objective function or the physical system so that gradient-based methods apply, however the incorporation of realistic objection functions can be accomplished given the availability of derivative-free optimization methods. A wide variety of derivative-free methods exist and each method has both advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, to address such problems, we propose a hybrid approach, which allows the combining of beneficial elements of multiple methods in order to more efficiently search the design space. Specifically, in this paper, we illustrate the capabilities of two novel algorithms; one which hybridizes pattern search optimization with Gaussian Process emulation and the other which hybridizes pattern search and a genetic algorithm. We describe the hybrid methods and give some numerical results for a hydrological application which illustrate that the hybrids find an optimal solution under conditions for which traditional optimal search methods fail. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, G. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Fowler, K.] Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY USA. [Griffin, J. D.] SAS Inst, Cary, NC USA. RP Gray, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM gagray@sandia.gov; kfowler@clarkson.edu NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1343 EP 1351 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.150 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600149 ER PT S AU Rouson, DWI Xia, J Xu, XF AF Rouson, Damian W. I. Xia, Jim Xu, Xiaofeng GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Object construction and destruction design patterns in Fortran 2003 SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE object-oriented; Fortran 2003; abstract factory; factory method; object pattern; design pattern; Trilinos; Morfeus; ForTrilinos AB This paper presents object-oriented design patterns in the context of object construction and destruction. The examples leverage the newly supported object-oriented features of Fortran 2003. We describe from the client perspective two patterns articulated by Gamma et al. [1]: abstract factory and factory method. We also describe from the implementation perspective one new pattern: the object pattern. We apply the Gamma et al. patterns to solve a partial differential equation, and we discuss applying the new pattern to a quantum vortex dynamics code. Finally, we address consequences and describe the use of the patterns in two open-source software projects: ForTrilinos and Morfeus. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Rouson, Damian W. I.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Xia, Jim] IBM Corp, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Xu, Xiaofeng] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Rouson, DWI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rouson@sandia.gov FU Office of Naval Research [61-8804065]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The first author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Office of Naval Research via contract 61-8804065. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory opearted by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear security Administration under DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1489 EP 1498 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.166 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600165 ER PT S AU Kuznetsov, V Evans, D Metson, S AF Kuznetsov, Valentin Evans, Dave Metson, Simon GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI The CMS Data Aggregation System SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE Meta-data; data aggregation; information discovery; HEP AB Meta-data plays a significant role in large modern enterprises, research experiments and digital libraries where it comes from many different sources and is distributed in a variety of digital formats. It is organized and managed by constantly evolving software using both relational and non-relational data sources. Even though we can apply an information retrieval approach to non-relational data sources, we can't do so for relational ones, where information is accessed via a pre-established set of data-services. Here we discuss a new data aggregation system which consumes, indexes and delivers information from different relational and non-relational data sources to answer cross data-service queries and explore meta-data associated with petabytes of experimental data. We combine the simplicity of keyword-based search with the precision of RDMS under the new system. The aggregated information is collected from various sources, allowing end-users to place dynamic queries, get precise answers and trigger information retrieval on demand. Based on the use cases of the CMS experiment, we have performed a set of detailed, large scale tests the results of which we present in this paper. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Kuznetsov, Valentin] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Evans, Dave] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Metson, Simon] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Kuznetsov, V (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM vkuznet@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0757894]; Department of Energy of the United States of America FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, contract No. PHY-0757894, and Department of Energy of the United States of America. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1529 EP 1537 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.172 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600171 ER PT S AU Rubel, O Ahern, S Bethel, EW Biggin, MD Childs, H Cormier-Michel, E DePace, A Eisen, MB Fowlkes, CC Geddes, CGR Hagen, H Hamann, B Huang, MY Keranen, SVE Knowles, DW Hendriks, CLL Malik, J Meredith, J Messmer, P Prabhat Ushizima, D Weber, GH Wu, KS AF Ruebel, Oliver Ahern, Sean Bethel, E. Wes Biggin, Mark D. Childs, Hank Cormier-Michel, Estelle DePace, Angela Eisen, Michael B. Fowlkes, Charless C. Geddes, Cameron G. R. Hagen, Hans Hamann, Bernd Huang, Min-Yu Keraenen, Soile V. E. Knowles, David W. Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo Malik, Jitendra Meredith, Jeremy Messmer, Peter Prabhat Ushizima, Daniela Weber, Gunther H. Wu, Kesheng GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Coupling visualization and data analysis for knowledge discovery from multi-dimensional scientific data SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE scientific visualization; information visualization; data analysis; multi-dimensional data; laser wakefield particle acceleration; 3D gene expression ID GENE-EXPRESSION; ACCELERATOR AB Knowledge discovery from large and complex scientific data is a challenging task. With the ability to measure and simulate more processes at increasingly finer spatial and temporal scales, the growing number of data dimensions and data objects presents tremendous challenges for effective data analysis and data exploration methods and tools. The combination and close integration of methods from scientific visualization, information visualization, automated data analysis, and other enabling technologies - such as efficient data management- supports knowledge discovery from multi-dimensional scientific data. This paper surveys two distinct applications in developmental biology and accelerator physics, illustrating the effectiveness of the described approach. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ruebel, Oliver; Bethel, E. Wes; Childs, Hank; Hamann, Bernd; Prabhat; Ushizima, Daniela; Weber, Gunther H.; Wu, Kesheng] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubel, O (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM oruebel@lbl.gov RI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./B-1097-2008; OI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./0000-0002-8279-1760; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X; Weber, Gunther/0000-0002-1794-1398 FU National Institutes of Health [GM70444]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) through the Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD); Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; International Research Training Group [IRTG 1131]; German Research Foundation (DFG); University of Kaiserslautern, Germany; Director, Office of Science, Offices of HighEn ergy Physics and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC); Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET); National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC); Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work concerning the analysis of 3D gene expression data was supported by the National Institutes of Health through grant GM70444 and by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) through the Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD) program. Research performed at LBNL was also supported by the Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the support of an International Research Training Group (IRTG 1131) grant provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG), awarded to the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. The work concerning the analysis of LWFA data was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Offices of HighEn ergy Physics and Advanced Scientific Computing Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) programs Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET) and the COMPASS project. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank the members of IDAV at UC Davis, the BDTNP and LOASIS at LBNL, the IRTG 1131, LBNLs Visualization Group, and the VORPAL team. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1751 EP 1758 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.197 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600196 PM 23762211 ER PT S AU Buntinas, D Malozemoff, AJ Utke, J AF Buntinas, Darius Malozemoff, Alexis J. Utke, Jean GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Efficient generated libraries for asynchronous derivative computation SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE automatic differentiation; operator overloading; generated code; loop unrolling; asynchronous computation ID TENSORS AB The computation of derivatives via automatic differentiation is a valuable technique in many science and engineering applications. While the implementation of automatic differentiation via source transformation yields the highest-efficiency results, the implementation via operator overloading remains a viable alternative for some application contexts, such as the computation of higher-order derivatives or in cases where C++ still proves to be too complicated for the currently available source transformation tools. The Rapsodia code generator creates libraries that overload intrinsics for derivative computation. In this paper, we discuss modifications to Rapsodia to improve the efficiency of the generated code, first via limited loop unrolling and second via multithreaded asynchronous derivative computation. We introduce the approaches and present runtime results. C1 [Buntinas, Darius; Utke, Jean] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Malozemoff, Alexis J.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. [Utke, Jean] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Utke, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM buntinas@mcs.anl.gov; amalozemoff1@gmail.com; utke@mcs.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Paul Hovland for valuable hints to Alexis Malozemoff during his internship at Argonne in the summer of 2009. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1779 EP 1787 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.200 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600199 ER PT S AU Schanen, M Naumann, U Hascoet, L Utke, J AF Schanen, Michel Naumann, Uwe Hascoet, Laurent Utke, Jean GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Interpretative Adjoints for Numerical Simulation Codes using MPI SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE Adjoint MPI; Automatic Differentiation; Source Transformation AB An essential performance and correctness factor in numerical simulation and optimization is access to exact derivative information. Adjoint derivative models are particularly useful if a function's number of inputs far exceeds the number of outputs. The propagation of adjoints requires the data flow to be reversed, implying the reversal of all communication in programs that use message-passing. This paper presents recent advances made in developing the adjoint MPI library AMPI. The described proof of concept aims to serve as the basis for coupling other overloading AD tools with AMPI. We illustrate its use in the context of a specific overloading tool for algorithmic differentiation (AD) for C++ programs. A simplified but representative application problem is discussed as a case study. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Schanen, Michel; Naumann, Uwe] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, LuFG Informat Software & Tools Computat Engn 12, Aachen, Germany. [Hascoet, Laurent] INRIA, Projet TROP, Sophia Antipolis, France. [Utke, Jean] Argonne Natl Lab, Math & Comp Sci Div, Argonne, IL USA. RP Schanen, M (reprint author), Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, LuFG Informat Software & Tools Computat Engn 12, Aachen, Germany. EM schanen@stce.rwth-aachen.de; naumann@stce.rwth-aachen.de; laurent.hascoet@sophia.inria.fr; utke@mcs.anl.gov FU Fond National de la Recherche of Luxembourg [PHD-09-145] FX This work was supported by the Fond National de la Recherche of Luxembourg under grant PHD-09-145. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1819 EP 1827 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.204 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600203 ER PT S AU Narayanan, SHK Norris, B Winnicka, B AF Narayanan, Sri Hari Krishna Norris, Boyana Winnicka, Beata GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI ADIC2: Development of a component source transformation system for differentiating C and C plus SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE automatic differentiation; source transformation; ADIC2 ID AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION AB We present a new tool, ADIC2, for automatic differentiation (AD) of C and C++ code through source-to-source transformation. ADIC2 is the successor of the ADIC differentiation tool, which supports forward mode AD of C and a small subset of C++. ADIC2 was completely redesigned and reimplemented as part of the OpenAD software framework, resulting in a robust, flexible, and extensible tool for differentiating C and some features of C++, with plans for full support of C++ in the near future. We discuss some of the challenges in creating AD tools for C and C++ in general and describe the component approach employed in the design and implementation of ADIC2. C1 [Narayanan, Sri Hari Krishna; Norris, Boyana] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Narayanan, SHK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM snarayan@mcs.anl.gov; norris@mcs.anl.gov RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Dept. of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Jean Utke of the University of Chicago for his invaluable suggestions and help. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1839 EP 1847 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.206 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600205 ER PT S AU Loubere, R Maire, PH Shashkov, M AF Loubere, Raphael Maire, Pierre-Henri Shashkov, Mikhail GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI 2nd Workshop on New Trends in Numerical Methods for Multi-Material Compressible Fluid Flows SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE Lagrangian hydrodynamics; ALE; multi-material flows; compressible flows AB This workshop follows on from the successful first one held in San Diego during the SIAM Annual Meeting 2008. It provides a forum for exploring the new trends in numerical methods devoted to the simulation of multi-material compressible fluid flows. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Loubere, Raphael] Univ Toulouse, Inst Math Toulouse, Toulouse, France. [Maire, Pierre-Henri] Univ Bordeaux 1, CEA, CNRS, UMR CELIA, Bordeaux, France. [Shashkov, Mikhail] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Group T5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loubere, R (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Inst Math Toulouse, Toulouse, France. EM raphael.loubere@math.univ-toulouse.fr; maire@celia.u-bordeaux1.fr; shashkov@lanl.gov OI Maire, Pierre-Henri/0000-0002-4180-8220 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1877 EP + DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.210 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600209 ER PT S AU Berndt, M Kucharik, M Shashkov, MJ AF Berndt, Markus Kucharik, Milan Shashkov, Mikhail J. GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Using the feasible set method for rezoning in ALE SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE mesh smoothing; arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian method; ALE; rezoning; feasible set ID EULERIAN COMPUTING METHOD; FLOW SPEEDS; OPTIMIZATION; MESH AB One of the steps in the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) algorithm is the improvement of the quality of the computational mesh. This step, commonly referred to as rezoning, is essential for maintaining a mesh that does not become invalid during a simulation. In this paper, we present a new robust and computationally efficient 2D mesh relaxation method. This feasible set method is a geometric method for finding the convex polygon that represents the region of coordinates that a vertex in a mesh can occupy while the mesh around it remains valid. After the feasible set has been computed for a vertex in a mesh, a new vertex location can be chosen that lies inside this feasible set. As a result, the mesh after relaxation is guaranteed to be valid. We present an example ALE simulation, that highlights the robustness of the feasible set method when used as a rezoning method in ALE. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Berndt, Markus] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kucharik, Milan] Czech Tech Univ, Fac Nucl Sci & Phys Engn, Dept Phys Elect, Prague 11519 1, Czech Republic. [Shashkov, Mikhail J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Berndt, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Methods Grp, Mail Stop D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM berndt@lanl.gov; kucharik@newton.fjfi.cvut.cz; shashkov@lanl.gov RI Berndt, Markus/F-3185-2013; OI Berndt, Markus/0000-0001-5360-6848 FU US Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396, LA-UR 09-07380] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, LA-UR 09-07380. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1879 EP 1886 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.211 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600210 ER PT S AU Barlow, A Burton, D Shashkov, M AF Barlow, A. Burton, D. Shashkov, M. GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI Compatible, Energy and Symmetry Preserving 2D Lagrangian Hydrodynamics in rz - Cylindrical Coordinates SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE Lagrangian hydrodynamics; 2D axisymmetric rz; spatial symmetry; conservation AB We present a new discretization for 2D Lagrangian hydrodynamics in rz geometry (cylindrical coordinates), which is total energy conserving and symmetry preserving. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Shashkov, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Barlow, A.] AWE Aldermaston, Computat Phys Grp, Reading RG7 4PR, Berks, England. [Burton, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, X Computat Phys Div, XCP 4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shashkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-5 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM shashkov@lanl.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1887 EP 1895 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.212 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600211 ER PT S AU Lipnikov, K Shashkov, M AF Lipnikov, Konstantin Shashkov, Mikhail GP ICCS BE Sloot, PMA Albada, GDV Dongarra, J TI A mimetic tensor artificial viscosity method for arbitrary polyhedral meshes SO ICCS 2010 - INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS) CY MAY 31-JUN 02, 2010 CL Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP NWO, Netherlands Org Sci Res, KNAW, Royal Netherlands Acad Arts & Sci, Elsevier, Univ Amsterdam HO Univ Amsterdam DE mimetic finite differences; Lagrangian hydrodynamics; artificial viscosity AB We construct a new mimetic tensor artificial viscosity on general polyhedral meshes. The tensor viscosity is designed as a discretization of the differential operator div (mu del u) with the full fourth-order tensor mu. We demonstrate performance of the new artificial viscosity on a set of test problems. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lipnikov, Konstantin; Shashkov, Mikhail] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lipnikov, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Math & Plasma Phys Grp, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM lipnikov@lanl.gov; shashkov@lanl.gov NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2010 VL 1 IS 1 BP 1915 EP 1923 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.215 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQV31 UT WOS:000281951600214 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Reedy, ED Corona, E Adams, DP Kennedy, MS Cordill, MJ Bahr, DF AF Moody, N. R. Reedy, E. D., Jr. Corona, E. Adams, D. P. Kennedy, M. S. Cordill, M. J. Bahr, D. F. BE Bremand, F TI Buckle Driven Delamination in Thin Hard Film Compliant Substrate Systems SO ICEM 14: 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOL 6 SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM14) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Poitiers, FRANCE SP European Assoc Expt Mech (EURASEM), French Soc Mech (AFM), Grp Adv Methods Stress Anal (GAMAC), Natl Ctr Sci Res (CNRS), Univ Poitiers, British Soc Stain Measurement (BSSM), Soc Expt Mech, Japanese Soc Expt Mech (JSEM) AB Deformation and fracture of thin films on compliant substrates are key factors constraining the performance of emerging flexible substrate devices. [1-3] These systems often contain layers of thin polymer, ceramic and metallic films and stretchable interconnects where differing properties induce high normal and shear stresses. [4] As long as the films remain bonded to the substrates, they may deform far beyond their freestanding form. Once debonded, substrate constraint disappears leading to film failure. [3] Experimentally it is very difficult to measure properties in these systems at sub-micron and nanoscales. Theoretically it is very difficult to determine the contributions from the films, interfaces, and substrates. As a result our understanding of deformation and fracture behavior in compliant substrate systems is limited. This motivated a study of buckle driven delamination of thin hard tungsten films on pure PMMA substrates. The films were sputter deposited to thicknesses of 100 nm, 200 nm, and 400 nm with a residual compressive stress of 1.7 GPa. An aluminum oxide interlayer was added on several samples to alter interfacial composition. Buckles formed spontaneously on the PMMA substrates following film deposition. On films without the aluminum oxide interlayer, an extensive network of small telephone cord buckles formed following deposition, interspersed with regions of larger telephone cord buckles. (Figure 1) On films with an aluminum oxide interlayer, telephone cord buckles formed creating a uniform widely spaced pattern. Through-substrate optical observations revealed matching buckle patterns along the film-substrate interface indicating that delamination occurred for large and small buckles with and without an interlayer. The coexistence of large and small buckles on the same substrate led to two distinct behaviors as shown in Figure 2 where normalized buckle heights are plotted against normalized film stress. The behaviors deviate significantly from behavior predicted by rigid elastic solutions. To address this issue we developed a finite element analysis technique that employed a cohesive zone model to simulate interfacial crack growth. Specifying the traction-separation relationship, cohesive strength, and work of separation along with film thickness, film stress, and film and substrate properties, buckle width and height were determined as a function of interfacial toughness. The simulations indicate that an analysis based on rigid substrate solutions significantly underestimate toughness for prescribed buckle widths: a result consistent with an analysis by Yu and Hutchinson [5] that pieced together a solution based on non-linear plate theory with a solution for the linear film on substrate problem. More importantly, the results defined a lower limiting bound to seemingly disparate buckle deflection data (Figure 2). The substrate compliance is controlling behavior. Comparison of the experimental results with cohesive zone simulations suggests that the two buckle behaviors are associated with different levels of substrate yielding. In this presentation we will use the results to show how substrate compliance and deformation affect delamination and buckling of films on compliant substrates and provide a means to predict device performance. C1 [Moody, N. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 12 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2010 VL 6 AR 40006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20100640006 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BVK40 UT WOS:000291704000275 ER PT S AU Reu, PL AF Reu, P. L. BE Bremand, F TI Experimental Validation of 2D Uncertainty Quantification for Digital Image Correlation SO ICEM 14: 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOL 6 SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM14) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Poitiers, FRANCE SP European Assoc Expt Mech (EURASEM), French Soc Mech (AFM), Grp Adv Methods Stress Anal (GAMAC), Natl Ctr Sci Res (CNRS), Univ Poitiers, British Soc Stain Measurement (BSSM), Soc Expt Mech, Japanese Soc Expt Mech (JSEM) ID CELL ALUMINUM FOAMS; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; ALLOY FOAMS; DEFORMATION; FIELD C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reu, PL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2010 VL 6 AR 31003 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20100631003 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BVK40 UT WOS:000291704000200 ER PT S AU Sumali, H AF Sumali, Hartono BE Bremand, F TI Measuring Impact Rebound with Photography SO ICEM 14: 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOL 6 SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics (ICEM14) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL Poitiers, FRANCE SP European Assoc Expt Mech (EURASEM), French Soc Mech (AFM), Grp Adv Methods Stress Anal (GAMAC), Natl Ctr Sci Res (CNRS), Univ Poitiers, British Soc Stain Measurement (BSSM), Soc Expt Mech, Japanese Soc Expt Mech (JSEM) AB To study the rebound of a sphere colliding against a flat wall, a test setup was developed where the sphere is suspended with strings as a pendulum, elevated, and gravity-released to impact the wall. The motion of the sphere was recorded with a highspeed camera and traced with an image-processing program. From the speed of the sphere before and after each collision, the coefficient of restitution was computed, and shown to be a function of impact speed as predicted analytically. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Component Sci & Mech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sumali, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Component Sci & Mech Dept, MS 1070,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2010 VL 6 AR 41002 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20100641002 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BVK40 UT WOS:000291704000281 ER PT J AU Rubel, O Weber, GH Huang, MY Bethel, EW Biggin, MD Fowlkes, CC Hendriks, CLL Keranen, SVE Eisen, MB Knowles, DW Malik, J Hagen, H Hamann, B AF Ruebel, Oliver Weber, Gunther H. Huang, Min-Yu Bethel, E. Wes Biggin, Mark D. Fowlkes, Charless C. Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo Keraenen, Soile V. E. Eisen, Michael B. Knowles, David W. Malik, Jitendra Hagen, Hans Hamann, Bernd TI Integrating Data Clustering and Visualization for the Analysis of 3D Gene Expression Data SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Bioinformatics visualization; multimodal visualization; integrating Infovis/Scivis; visual data mining; three-dimensional gene expression; data clustering; cluster visualization; gene expression pattern; temporal expression variation; gene regulation; spatial expression pattern ID INFORMATION; VALIDATION; SYSTEM AB The recent development of methods for extracting precise measurements of spatial gene expression patterns from three-dimensional (3D) image data opens the way for new analyses of the complex gene regulatory networks controlling animal development. We present an integrated visualization and analysis framework that supports user-guided data clustering to aid exploration of these new complex data sets. The interplay of data visualization and clustering-based data classification leads to improved visualization and enables a more detailed analysis than previously possible. We discuss 1) the integration of data clustering and visualization into one framework, 2) the application of data clustering to 3D gene expression data, 3) the evaluation of the number of clusters k in the context of 3D gene expression clustering, and 4) the improvement of overall analysis quality via dedicated postprocessing of clustering results based on visualization. We discuss the use of this framework to objectively define spatial pattern boundaries and temporal profiles of genes and to analyze how mRNA patterns are controlled by their regulatory transcription factors. C1 [Ruebel, Oliver; Weber, Gunther H.; Bethel, E. Wes] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ruebel, Oliver; Huang, Min-Yu; Hamann, Bernd] Univ Calif Davis, Inst Data Anal & Visualizat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Ruebel, Oliver] Univ Kaiserslautern, IRTG 1131, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Weber, Gunther H.; Huang, Min-Yu; Hamann, Bernd] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Biggin, Mark D.; Keraenen, Soile V. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fowlkes, Charless C.] Univ Calif Irvine, Donald Bren Sch Informat & Comp Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hendriks, Cris L. Luengo] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Ctr Image Anal, SE-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. [Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knowles, David W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Malik, Jitendra] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubel, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 50F-1650, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ORuebel@lbl.gov; GHWeber@lbl.gov; myhuang@ucdavis.edu; EWBethel@lbl.gov; MDBiggin@lbl.gov; fowlkes@ics.uci.edu; cris@cb.uu.se; SVEKeranen@lbl.gov; MBEisen@lbl.gov; DWKnowles@lbl.gov; malik@eecs.berkeley.edu; hagen@informatik.uni-kl.de; hamann@cs.ucdavis.edu RI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./B-1097-2008; OI Luengo Hendriks, Cris L./0000-0002-8279-1760; Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X; Weber, Gunther/0000-0002-1794-1398 FU National Institutes of Health [GM70444]; US National Science Foundation [ACI 9624034, ACI 9982251]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD); Information Technology Research (ITR); Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health through Grant GM70444, by the US National Science Foundation through Award ACI 9624034 (CAREER Award) as part of the Large Scientific and Software Data Set Visualization (LSSDSV) program under Contract ACI 9982251, by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD) program, and by a large Information Technology Research (ITR) grant. Work at LBNL is conducted under the Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors thank the members of the Visualization and Computer Graphics Research Group at the Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization (IDAV), University of California, Davis, the members of the BDTNP at LBNL, and the members of the Visualization Group at LBNL. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1545-5963 EI 1557-9964 J9 IEEE ACM T COMPUT BI JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 64 EP 79 DI 10.1109/TCBB.2008.49 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematics GA 549ON UT WOS:000274063600006 PM 20150669 ER PT J AU Han, J Chang, H Andarawewa, K Yaswen, P Barcellos-Hoff, MH Parvin, B AF Han, Ju Chang, Hang Andarawewa, Kumari Yaswen, Paul Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen Parvin, Bahram TI Multidimensional Profiling of Cell Surface Proteins and Nuclear Markers SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Multidimensional profiling; evolving fronts; Voronoi tessellation; iterative scalar voting; E-cadherin; ionizing radiation ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; MAMMARY-GLAND; IN-SITU; RADIATION; ACTIVATION; CANCER; ASSAYS AB Cell membrane proteins play an important role in tissue architecture and cell-cell communication. We hypothesize that segmentation and multidimensional characterization of the distribution of cell membrane proteins, on a cell-by-cell basis, enable improved classification of treatment groups and identify important characteristics that can otherwise be hidden. We have developed a series of computational steps to 1) delineate cell membrane protein signals and associate them with a specific nucleus; 2) compute a coupled representation of the multiplexed DNA content with membrane proteins; 3) rank computed features associated with such a multidimensional representation; 4) visualize selected features for comparative evaluation through heatmaps; and 5) discriminate between treatment groups in an optimal fashion. The novelty of our method is in the segmentation of the membrane signal and the multidimensional representation of phenotypic signature on a cell-by-cell basis. To test the utility of this method, the proposed computational steps were applied to images of cells that have been irradiated with different radiation qualities in the presence and absence of other small molecules. These samples are labeled for their DNA content and E-cadherin membrane proteins. We demonstrate that multidimensional representations of cell-by-cell phenotypes improve predictive and visualization capabilities among different treatment groups, and identify hidden variables. C1 [Han, Ju; Chang, Hang; Yaswen, Paul; Parvin, Bahram] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Andarawewa, Kumari] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen] NYU, Langone Sch Med, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 977R250, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jhan@lbl.gov; ka7w@virginia.edu; MHBarcellos-Hoff@nyumc.org; parvin@media.lbl.gov FU Office of Science, US Department of Energy; NASA [T6275W]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Low Dose Radiation Research Program, Office of Science, US Department of Energy, and NASA Grant No. T6275W to the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1545-5963 J9 IEEE ACM T COMPUT BI JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Comput. Biol. Bioinform. PD JAN-MAR PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1109/TCBB.2008.134 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematics GA 549ON UT WOS:000274063600007 PM 20150670 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Yu, HF Ma, KL AF Wang, Chaoli Yu, Hongfeng Ma, Kwan-Liu TI Application-Driven Compression for Visualizing Large-Scale Time-Varying Data SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB An application-driven approach to compressing large-scale time-varying volume data achieves high compression rates and interactive rendering while preserving fine details surrounding regions of interest. Such an approach could help computational scientists cope with the large-data problem. C1 [Wang, Chaoli] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Yu, Hongfeng] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Wang, Chaoli; Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM chaoliw@mtu.edu; hyu@sandia.gov; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu FU US National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy FX This research was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation's Information Technology Research program and the US Department of Energy's Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing program. We thank Jacqueline H. Chen at Sandia National Laboratories for providing the combustion data set and sharing her domain knowledge. We also thank the reviewers for their constructive suggestions. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 538IH UT WOS:000273177300010 PM 24807094 ER PT J AU Swarz, J Ousley, A Magro, A Rienzo, M Burns, D Lindsey, AM Wilburn, B Bolcar, S AF Swarz, Jeff Ousley, Anita Magro, Adriane Rienzo, Marie Burns, David Lindsey, A. M. Wilburn, Ben Bolcar, Susan TI CancerSpace: A Simulation-Based Game for Improving Cancer-Screening Rates SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Burns, David; Lindsey, A. M.; Wilburn, Ben; Bolcar, Susan] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM swarzj@mail.nih.gov; ousleya@mail.nih.gov; magroa@mail.nih.gov; rienzom@mail.nih.gov; david.burns@orise.orau.gov; am.lindsey@orise.orau.gov; ben.wilburn@orise.orau.gov; susan.bolcar@orise.orau.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 30 IS 1 BP 90 EP 94 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 538IH UT WOS:000273177300014 PM 24807098 ER PT J AU Shin, YC Kim, DH Kim, EH Park, JM Ho, KM Constant, K Choe, JH Park, QH Ryu, HY Baek, JH Jung, T Kim, TG AF Shin, Young Chul Kim, Dong Ho Kim, Eun Hong Park, Joong-Mok Ho, Kai-Ming Constant, Kristen Choe, Jong Ho Park, Q. Han Ryu, Han-Youl Baek, Jong Hyeob Jung, Tak Kim, Tae Geun TI High Efficiency GaN Light-Emitting Diodes With Two Dimensional Photonic Crystal Structures of Deep-Hole Square Lattices SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Finite-difference time domain method; light-emitting diode; light extraction efficiency; nitride-based semiconductor; photonic crystal ID HIGH-EXTRACTION-EFFICIENCY; SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; ENHANCEMENT; SLABS AB We report the enhanced light extraction of a square lattice photonic crystal GaN LED with a lattice constant of 460 nm and holes with a depth of 500 nm drilled through InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) using laser holography and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. In spite of the etching through the MQWs leading to undesirable surface recombination, the photonic crystal LEDs exhibited 1.37 times higher light extraction than that of the LEDs without photonic crystals at 20 mA. Theoretical studies using the 3-dimensional finite-difference time domain method show that the increase of the extraction efficiency with increasing etch depth is due to the increase of the density of the leaky modes into the air. C1 [Shin, Young Chul; Kim, Dong Ho; Kim, Eun Hong; Kim, Tae Geun] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136075, South Korea. [Park, Joong-Mok; Ho, Kai-Ming; Constant, Kristen] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Park, Joong-Mok; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Constant, Kristen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Choe, Jong Ho; Park, Q. Han] Korea Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 136075, South Korea. [Ryu, Han-Youl] Inha Univ, Dept Phys, Inchon 402751, South Korea. [Baek, Jong Hyeob; Jung, Tak] Korean Photon Technol Inst, Kwangju 500460, South Korea. RP Shin, YC (reprint author), Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136075, South Korea. EM tgkim1@korea.ac.kr RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 FU Korea government ( MOST) [F01-2007-000-11760-0]; Quantum Photonic Science Research Center, Korea; Korea Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-D00074] FX Manuscript received May 01, 2009; revised July 10, 2009. Current version published December 09, 2009. This work was supported by a Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government ( MOST) through project number [F01-2007-000-11760-0] and the Quantum Photonic Science Research Center, Korea, and also supported by a Korea Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2008-D00074). NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 46 IS 1 BP 116 EP 120 DI 10.1109/JQE.2009.2030150 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 533RO UT WOS:000272842500001 ER PT J AU Moontragoon, P Vukmirovic, N Ikonic, Z Harrison, P AF Moontragoon, Pairot Vukmirovic, Nenad Ikonic, Zoran Harrison, Paul TI SnGe Asymmetric Quantum Well Electroabsorption Modulators for Long-Wave Silicon Photonics SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Electroabsorption (EA) modulator; group IV semiconductors; quantum-confined Stark effect; quantum wells (QWs) ID OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; BAND-GAP; ALLOYS; OPTOELECTRONICS; SEMICONDUCTORS; EFFICIENCY; GERMANIUM; MODEL AB In recent years, SiGeSn alloys have been considered as promising materials for optoelectronic applications because they offer the possibility of a direct bandgap, and are compatible with Si-based technology; therefore, they have prospective applications such as in interband lasers and detectors, solar cells, etc. Here, we consider another possible application of nanostructures based on these materials: to extend the suite of Si-based optoelectronic devices for interband electroabsorption (EA) modulators. Using the 8-band k.pmethod, we have designed asymmetric double quantum wells that are optimized, by varying the well and barrier widths and material composition, to show large optical transmission sensitivity to the applied bias. Generally, these structures are useful for EA modulators in the midinfrared spectral range. C1 [Moontragoon, Pairot; Ikonic, Zoran; Harrison, Paul] Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Microwaves & Photon, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Vukmirovic, Nenad] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moontragoon, P (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Inst Microwaves & Photon, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. EM eenpm@leeds.ac.uk; nvukmirovic@lbl.gov; z.ikonic@leeds.ac.uk; p.harrison@leeds.ac.uk RI Vukmirovic, Nenad/D-9489-2011; OI Vukmirovic, Nenad/0000-0002-4101-1713; Harrison, Paul/0000-0001-6117-0896 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2026691 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 553QW UT WOS:000274382900012 ER PT J AU Yerci, S Li, R Kucheyev, SO van Buuren, T Basu, SN Dal Negro, L AF Yerci, Selcuk Li, Rui Kucheyev, Sergei O. van Buuren, Tony Basu, Soumendra N. Dal Negro, Luca TI Visible and 1.54 mu m Emission From Amorphous Silicon Nitride Films by Reactive Cosputtering SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Amorphous semiconductors; erbium; photoluminescence; silicon alloys ID SI NANOCRYSTALS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTONIC STRUCTURES; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; RAMAN LASER; LIGHT; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ER; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE AB In this paper, we present our main results on the structural and optical properties of light-emitting amorphous silicon nitride (SiN(x)) films fabricated by reactive magnetron cosputtering. In particular, we discuss the origin of the visible emission in amorphous silicon nitride films and investigate the optical emission properties of Erbium-doped amorphous silicon nitride (Er:SiN(x)). The mechanisms of Er excitation and de-excitation in Er:SiN(x) are discussed in relation to the engineering of efficient light sources at 1.54 mu m for on-chip nanophotonics applications. These results suggest that Er-doped amorphous silicon nitride films have a large potential for the fabrication of optically active photonic devices based on the Si technology. C1 [Yerci, Selcuk; Li, Rui; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Yerci, Selcuk; Li, Rui; Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Photon Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Kucheyev, Sergei O.; van Buuren, Tony] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Basu, Soumendra N.] Boston Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Brookline, MA 02446 USA. [Basu, Soumendra N.] Boston Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Dal Negro, Luca] Boston Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Yerci, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM syerci@bu.edu; ruili@bu.edu; kucheyev@llnl.gov; vanbuuren1@llnl.gov; basu@bu.edu; dalnegro@bu.edu RI Yerci, Selcuk/C-7993-2014 OI Yerci, Selcuk/0000-0003-0599-588X FU United States Air Force Multidisciplinary University; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Manuscript received May 17, 2009; revised August 9, 2009. First published October 20, 2009; current version published February 5, 2010. This work was supported in part by the United States Air Force Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative program on "electrically pumped silicon-based lasers for chip-scale nanophotonic systems" supervised by Dr. G. Pomrenke. The work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 56 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2032516 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 553QW UT WOS:000274382900014 ER PT J AU Watts, MR Zortman, WA Trotter, DC Young, RW Lentine, AL AF Watts, Michael R. Zortman, William A. Trotter, Douglas C. Young, Ralph W. Lentine, Anthony L. TI Low-Voltage, Compact, Depletion-Mode, Silicon Mach-Zehnder Modulator SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Diodes; optical modulation; silicon ID OPTICAL MODULATOR; SPEED AB Through rigorous process, electrical, and optical simulations, we develop a new silicon depletion-mode vertical p-n junction phase-modulator implemented in Mach-Zehnder modulator configuration, enabling an ultralow measured V(pi)L of only similar to 1 V.cm. Further, in a 500-mu m-long lumped element device, we demonstrate a 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero data transmission with wide-open complementary output eye diagrams without the use of signal preemphasis. C1 [Watts, Michael R.; Zortman, William A.; Trotter, Douglas C.; Young, Ralph W.; Lentine, Anthony L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Zortman, William A.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr High Technol Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Watts, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mwatts@sandia.gov; wzortm@sandia.gov; dctrott@sandia.gov; rwyoung@sandia.gov; allenti@sandia.gov FU Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX Manuscript received June 6, 2009; revised July 8, 2009. Current version published February 5, 2010. This work was supported by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 14 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 16 IS 1 BP 159 EP 164 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2035059 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 553QW UT WOS:000274382900019 ER PT J AU Bryan, MT Smith, KH Real, ME Bashir, MA Fry, PW Fischer, P Im, MY Schrefl, T Allwood, DA Haycock, JW AF Bryan, Matthew T. Smith, Katherine H. Real, Maria E. Bashir, M. A. Fry, Paul W. Fischer, Peter Im, Mi-Young Schrefl, Thomas Allwood, Dan A. Haycock, John W. TI Switchable Cell Trapping Using Superparamagnetic Beads SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Biomagnetics; cell positioning; domain wall; force; magnetic soft X-ray microscopy; superparamagnetic bead AB Ni81Fe19 microwires are investigated as the basis of a switchable template for positioning magnetically labeled neural Schwann cells. Magnetic transmission X-ray microscopy and micromagnetic modeling show that magnetic domain walls can be created or removed in zigzagged structures by an applied magnetic field. Schwann cells containing superparamagnetic beads are trapped by the field emanating from the domain walls. The design allows Schwann cells to be organized on a surface to form a connected network and then released from the surface if required. As aligned Schwann cells can guide nerve regeneration, this technique is of value for developing glial-neuronal coculture models in the future treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. C1 [Bryan, Matthew T.; Bashir, M. A.; Schrefl, Thomas; Allwood, Dan A.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Engn Mat, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Smith, Katherine H.; Real, Maria E.; Haycock, John W.] Univ Sheffield, Kroto Res Inst, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England. [Fry, Paul W.] Univ Sheffield, Ctr Nanosci & Technol, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England. [Fischer, Peter; Im, Mi-Young] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schrefl, Thomas] St Poelten Univ Appl Sci, A-3100 St Polten, Austria. RP Bryan, MT (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Engn Mat, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. EM m.t.bryan@sheffield.ac.uk RI MSD, Nanomag/F-6438-2012; Fischer, Peter/A-3020-2010; OI Fischer, Peter/0000-0002-9824-9343; Haycock, John/0000-0002-3950-3583 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) [BB/F015844/1]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [EP/D056683/1]; EPSRC [GR/T02942/01] FX This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (grant BB/F015844/1), the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (grant EP/D056683/1), and by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences, and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy. DAA acknowledges an Advanced Research Fellowship from the EPSRC (grant GR/T02942/01). NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2010 VL 1 AR 1500104 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2010.2046143 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA V31VD UT WOS:000208910200005 ER PT S AU Wei, JS Wang, CL Yu, HF Ma, KL AF Wei, Jishang Wang, Chaoli Yu, Hongfeng Ma, Kwan-Liu BE North, S Shen, HW Vanwijk, JJ TI A Sketch-Based Interface for Classifying and Visualizing Vector Fields SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM 2010 SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium CY MAR 02-05, 2010 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, AT&T AB In flow visualization, field lines are often used to convey both global and local structure and movement of the flow. One challenge is to find and classify the representative field lines. Most existing solutions follow an automatic approach that generates field lines characterizing the flow and arranges these lines into a single picture. In our work, we advocate a user-centric approach to exploring 3D vector fields. Our method allows the user to sketch 2D curves for pattern matching in 2D and field lines clustering in 3D. Specifically, a 3D field line whose view-dependent 2D projection is most similar to the user drawing will be identified and utilized to extract all similar 3D field lines. Furthermore, we employ an automatic clustering method to generate field-line templates for the user to locate sub-fields of interest. This semi-automatic process leverages the user's knowledge about the flow field through intuitive user interaction, resulting in a promising alternative to existing flow visualization solutions. With our sketch-based interface, the user can effectively dissect the flow field and make more structured visualization for analysis or presentation. C1 [Wei, Jishang; Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wang, Chaoli] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI USA. [Yu, Hongfeng] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wei, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jswei@ucdavis.edu; chaoliw@mtu.edu; hyu@sandia.gov; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCI-0325934, OCI-0749217, CNS-0551727, CCF-0811422, OCI-0749227, OCI-0950008, CCF-0938114, OCI-0850566]; U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC [DE-FC02-06ER25777, DE-FG02-08ER54956] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grants OCI-0325934, OCI-0749217, CNS-0551727, CCF-0811422, OCI-0749227, OCI-0950008, CCF-0938114 and OCI-0850566, and the U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program with Agreements No. DE-FC02-06ER25777 and DE-FG02-08ER54956. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-4244-6684-9 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2010 BP 129 EP 136 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVB63 UT WOS:000290973000017 ER PT S AU Brownlee, C Pegoraro, V Shankar, S McCormick, P Hansen, C AF Brownlee, C. Pegoraro, V. Shankar, S. McCormick, P. Hansen, C. BE North, S Shen, HW Vanwijk, JJ TI Physically-Based Interactive Schlieren Flow Visualization SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM 2010 SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium CY MAR 02-05, 2010 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP Natl Sci Council, AT&T AB Understanding fluid flow is a difficult problem and of increasing importance as computational fluid dynamics produces an abundance of simulation data. Experimental flow analysis has employed techniques such as shadowgraph and schlieren imaging for centuries which allow empirical observation of inhomogeneous flows. Shadowgraphs provide an intuitive way of looking at small changes in flow dynamics through caustic effects while schlieren cutoffs introduce an intensity gradation for observing large scale directional changes in the flow. The combination of these shading effects provides an informative global analysis of overall fluid flow. Computational solutions for these methods have proven too complex until recently due to the fundamental physical interaction of light refracting through the flow field. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to simulate the refraction of light to generate synthetic shadowgraphs and schlieren images of time-varying scalar fields derived from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data. Our method computes physically accurate schlieren and shadowgraph images at interactive rates by utilizing a combination of GPGPU programming, acceleration methods, and data-dependent probabilistic schlieren cutoffs. Results comparing this method to previous schlieren approximations are presented. C1 [Brownlee, C.; Pegoraro, V.; Shankar, S.; Hansen, C.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [McCormick, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Brownlee, C (reprint author), Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM brownlee@cs.utah.edu; vpegorar@cs.utah.edu; sshankar@cs.utah.edu; pat@lanl.gov; hansen@cs.utah.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-4244-6684-9 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2010 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1109/PACIFICVIS.2010.5429599 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVB63 UT WOS:000290973000019 ER PT S AU Aluko, O Smith, TM Tolbert, LM AF Aluko, Olumide Smith, Travis M. Tolbert, Leon M. GP IEEE TI Behavior of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Under Nearby Wind Plant Fault SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE induction generators; wind power generation; fault tolerance AB Wind energy is the fastest growing source of renewable energy in the power industry and it will continue to grow worldwide as many countries are developing plans for its future development. For power system operators, this increasing contribution of wind energy to the grid poses new challenges that need to be addressed in order to ensure the reliability and security of the electric power grid. One of the main concerns by system operators is the ability of wind turbines to ride through faults without disconnecting from the grid according to FERC-661. This paper analyzes a three phase fault event on a wind plant modeled in EMTP and investigates the behavior of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) during grid fault conditions. C1 [Aluko, Olumide; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Smith, Travis M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Aluko, O (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM oaluko@utk.edu; smithtm@ornl.gov; tolbert@utk.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611903040 ER PT S AU Bank, JN Omitaomu, OA Fernandez, SJ Liu, Y AF Bank, J. N. Omitaomu, O. A. Fernandez, S. J. Liu, Y. GP IEEE TI Extraction and Visualization of Power System Interarea Oscillatory Modes SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE High-speed data streams; interarea mode; oscillations; power systems; smart grid; spatial devices; visualization; wide-area measurement systems ID HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; DECOMPOSITION AB Interarea oscillatory modes pose a threat to power system stability. An algorithm is presented for the identification and analysis of such modes from high resolution phasor measurement data. The process outlined includes data collection, conditioning, extraction of the primary oscillatory frequency, and determination of participating areas of the system. Additionally a visualization methodology is presented which displays these results. Using the tools developed in this paper the dominant modes and their associated regions of influence in a power system can be determined directly from measurement data. C1 [Bank, J. N.] Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Omitaomu, O. A.; Fernandez, S. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Y.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Bank, JN (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jbank@vt.edu; omitaomuoa@ornl.gov; fernandezsj@ornl.gov; liu@utk.edu NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611902018 ER PT S AU Botterud, A Wang, J Bessa, RJ Keko, H Miranda, V AF Botterud, A. Wang, J. Bessa, R. J. Keko, H. Miranda, V. GP IEEE TI Risk Management and Optimal Bidding for a Wind Power Producer SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Wind power; electricity markets; risk management; contracting; forecasting; bidding; stochastic simulations ID PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; GENERATION AB This paper discusses risk management, contracting, and bidding for a wind power producer. A majority of the wind power in the United States is sold on long-term power purchase agreements, which hedge the wind power producer against future price risks. However, a significant amount is sold as merchant power and therefore is exposed to fluctuations in future electricity prices (day-ahead and real-time) and potential imbalance penalties. Wind power forecasting can serve as a tool to increase the profit and reduce the risk from participating in the wholesale electricity market. We propose a methodology to derive optimal day-ahead bids for a wind power producer under uncertainty in realized wind power and market prices. We also present an initial illustrative case study from a hypothetical wind site in the United States, where we compare the results of different day-ahead bidding strategies. The results show that the optimal day-ahead bid is highly dependent on the expected day-ahead and real-time prices, and also on the risk preferences of the wind power producer. A deviation penalty between day-ahead bid and real-time delivery tends to drive the bids closer to the expected generation for the next day. C1 [Botterud, A.; Wang, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, CEEESA, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bessa, R. J.; Keko, H.; Miranda, V.] Univ Porto, INESC Porto, Fac Engn, Rua Campo Alegre 823, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. RP Botterud, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, CEEESA, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM abotterud@anl.gov; jianhui.wang@anl.gov; rbessa@inescporto.pt; hkeko@inescporto.pt; vmiranda@inescporto.pt RI Miranda, Vladimiro/H-6245-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up non-exclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905080 ER PT S AU Chen, YS Huang, ZY Chavarria-Miranda, D AF Chen, Yousu Huang, Zhenyu Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation of Counter-Based Dynamic Load Balancing Schemes for Massive Contingency Analysis with Different Computing Environments SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Contingency Analysis; Energy Management System; Parallel Computing; and Dynamic Load Balancing AB Contingency analysis is a key function in the Energy Management System (EMS) to assess the impact of various combinations of power system component failures based on state estimation. Contingency analysis is also extensively used in power market operation for feasibility test of market solutions. High performance computing holds the promise of faster analysis of more contingency cases for the purpose of safe and reliable operation of today's power grids with less operating margin and more intermittent renewable energy sources. This paper evaluates the performance of counter-based dynamic load balancing schemes for massive contingency analysis under different computing environments. Insights from the performance evaluation can be used as guidance for users to select suitable schemes in the application of massive contingency analysis. Case studies, as well as MATLAB simulations, of massive contingency cases using the Western Electricity Coordinating Council power grid model are presented to illustrate the application of high performance computing with counter-based dynamic load balancing schemes. C1 [Chen, Yousu; Huang, Zhenyu; Chavarria-Miranda, Daniel] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, YS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905081 ER PT J AU Clements, S Kirkham, H AF Clements, Sam Kirkham, Harold GP IEEE TI Cyber-Security Considerations for the Smart Grid SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PES General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE cyber security; mitigations; smart grid; smart meters; vulnerabilities AB The electrical power grid is evolving into the "smart grid." The goal of the smart grid is to improve efficiency and availability of power by adding more monitoring and control capabilities. These new technologies and mechanisms are certain to introduce vulnerabilities into the power grid. In this paper we provide an overview of the cyber security state of the electrical power grid. We highlight some of the vulnerabilities that already exist in the power grid including limited capacity systems, implicit trust and the lack of authentication. We also address challenges of complexity, scale, added capabilities and the move to multipurpose hardware and software as the power grid is upgraded. These changes create vulnerabilities that did not exist before and bring increased risks. We conclude the paper by showing that there are a number mitigation strategies that can help keep the risk at an acceptable level. C1 [Clements, Sam; Kirkham, Harold] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Clements, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM samuel.clements@pnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611903006 ER PT S AU Ela, E Kirby, B Lannoye, E Milligan, M Flynn, D Zavadil, B O'Malley, M AF Ela, Erik Kirby, Brendan Lannoye, Eamonn Milligan, Michael Flynn, Damian Zavadil, Bob O'Malley, Mark GP IEEE TI Evolution of Operating Reserve Determination in Wind Power Integration Studies SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE operating reserves; power system operation; power system reliability; power systems; wind power generation AB The growth of wind power as an electrical power generation resource has produced great benefits with reductions in emissions and the supply of zero cost fuel. It also has created challenges for the operation of power systems arising from the increased variability and uncertainty it has introduced. A number of studies have been performed over the past decade to analyze the operational impacts that can occur at high penetrations of wind. One of the most crucial impacts is the amount of incremental operating reserves required due to the variability and uncertainty of wind generation. This paper describes different assumptions and methods utilized to calculate the amount of different types of reserves carried, and how these methods have evolved as more studies have been performed. C1 [Ela, Erik; Milligan, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lannoye, Eamonn; Flynn, Damian; O'Malley, Mark] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [Zavadil, Bob] Enernex Corp, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Kirby, Brendan] AWEA, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ela, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM erik.ela@NREL.gov; kirbybj@ieee.org; eamonn.lannoye@ucd.ie; michael.milligan@NREL.gov; damian.flynn@ucd.ie; bobz@enernex.com; mark.omalley@ucd.ie NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611901079 ER PT S AU Genc, I Diao, RS Vittal, V AF Genc, Istemihan Diao, Ruisheng Vittal, Vijay GP IEEE TI Computation of Transient Stability Related Security Regions and Generation Rescheduling Based on Decision Trees SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE dynamic security assessment; decision trees; preventive control ID OPTIMAL POWER-FLOW; DYNAMIC SECURITY; SYSTEMS AB In this paper, a method of decision tree-based computation of security regions and boundaries for power systems is proposed. These computations are used in dynamic security enhancement via generation rescheduling against transient instabilities. This work also involves an iterative method of generation rescheduling using the security regions calculated by decision trees. The proposed methods are implemented and their performances are assessed on the Iowa power system model. C1 [Genc, Istemihan] Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. [Diao, Ruisheng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Vittal, Vijay] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Genc, I (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. EM gencis@itu.edu.tr; ruisheng.diao@pnl.gov; vijay.vittal@asu.edu FU The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) FX This work was supported in part by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611900126 ER PT S AU Huang, ZY Zhou, N Tuffner, F Chen, YS Trudnowski, D Mittelstadt, W Hauer, J Dagle, J AF Huang, Zhenyu Zhou, Ning Tuffner, Francis Chen, Yousu Trudnowski, Daniel Mittelstadt, William Hauer, John Dagle, Jeffery GP IEEE TI Improving Small Signal Stability through Operating Point Adjustment SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Modal Sensitivity; Small Signal Stability; Low-frequency Oscillation; Phasor Measurement; Wide-Area Measurement System; and Power System Operation AB ModeMeter techniques for real-time small-signal stability monitoring continue to mature, and more and more phasor measurements are available in power systems. It has come to the stage to bring modal information into real-time power system operation. This paper proposes to establish a procedure for Modal Analysis for Grid Operations (MANGO). Complementary to PSS and other traditional modulation-based control, MANGO aims to provide suggestions such as redispatching generation for operators to mitigate low-frequency oscillations. Load would normally not be reduced except as a last resort. Different from modulation-based control, the MANGO procedure proactively maintains adequate damping at all times, rather than reacting to disturbances when they occur. The effect of operating points on small-signal stability is presented in this paper. Implementation with existing operating procedures is discussed. Several approaches for modal sensitivity estimation are investigated to associate modal damping and operating parameters. The effectiveness of the MANGO procedure is confirmed through simulation studies of several test systems. C1 [Huang, Zhenyu; Zhou, Ning; Tuffner, Francis; Chen, Yousu; Hauer, John; Dagle, Jeffery] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Trudnowski, Daniel] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Mittelstadt, William] Bonneville Power Adm, Vancouver, WA 98662 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; ning.zhou@pnl.gov; francis.tuffner@pnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnl.gov; dtrudnowski@mtech.edu; wmittelstadt@bpa.gov; john.hauer@pnl.gov; jeff.dagle@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through its Transmission Reliability Program; California Energy Commission through its Public Interest Energy Research Program [TRP-08-08]; Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This paper was prepared as a result of work sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy through its Transmission Reliability Program and by the California Energy Commission through its Public Interest Energy Research Program under contract No. TRP-08-08. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905091 ER PT J AU Kavicky, JA AF Kavicky, James A. GP IEEE TI Impacts of Smart Grid Data on Parallel Path and Contingency Analysis Efforts SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PES General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Data management; interconnected power systems; power system monitoring; power system planning; power system reliability; power system security AB Although a desirable attribute, not all operations models currently make use of real-time data for various reasons. To say the least, the regional scope and comprehensiveness that current data encompasses may be considered limited and incomplete. However, as computational, communication, security, and instrumentation technologies advance, smart grid technology demonstrates the potential to radically change network monitoring and data collection capabilities and advance simulation methods beyond that achievable given the current institutional environment. Because smart grid has the potential to conduct data collection in real time and to improve modeling and simulation results, potential data overload, validation, security, access, and other challenges are leading to new design opportunities. Similarly, we can expect significant impacts on system operation procedures and increased use of enhanced automation applications in operations decision making. C1 [Kavicky, James A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kavicky, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kavicky@anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 3 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611900143 ER PT S AU Kroposki, B Martin, G AF Kroposki, Benjamin Martin, Gregory GP IEEE TI Hybrid Renewable Energy and Microgrid Research Work at NREL SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Standards; interconnected power systems; power distribution; solar power generation; photovoltaic power systems; hybrid; microgrid AB The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) conducts a variety of research in the area of hybrid power system integration and microgrids. NREL is studying hybrid (stand-alone) power systems incorporating photovoltaic power in the United States and assessing the characteristics and status of government-installed hybrid systems greater than 2 kW over the last 30 years. This research provides information to the community on hybrid power systems, presents lessons learned from operational experience, and provides analysis of challenges and success of the assessed systems. NREL also supports the development of IEEE P1547.4 Draft Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power System as part of the further development of IEEE 1547-2003 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems. This standard is summarized here, providing alternative approaches and good practices for the design, operation, and integration of microgrids. C1 [Kroposki, Benjamin] NREL, Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Golden, CO USA. RP Kroposki, B (reprint author), NREL, Distributed Energy Syst Integrat Grp, Golden, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905009 ER PT S AU Lannoye, E Milligan, M Adams, J Tuohy, A Chandler, H Flynn, D O'Malley, M AF Lannoye, Eamonn Milligan, Michael Adams, John Tuohy, Aidan Chandler, Hugo Flynn, Damian O'Malley, Mark GP IEEE TI Integration of Variable Generation: Capacity Value and Evaluation of Flexibility SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Power System Planning; Power System Reserves; Variable Generation Integration; Power Systems AB As integration of variable generation continues to grow rapidly in power systems globally, system planners are seeking new tools to understand the role of variable output generators and the challenges experienced with their integration. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) has established a task force to examine the integration of variable generation. This paper details the achievements to date and outlines ongoing efforts from Task 1.2 on the capacity value of variable generation and from Task 1.4 on the concept of flexibility in power systems and options for its definition. Arising from international collaboration with the International Energy Agency, a discussion on the definition of flexible resources is presented. A potential metric for flexibility offered by conventional plant is developed and applied to a test system. C1 [Lannoye, Eamonn; Tuohy, Aidan; Flynn, Damian; O'Malley, Mark] Univ Coll Dublin, Elect Res Ctr, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Milligan, Michael] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Adams, John] New York Independent Syst Operat, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. [Chandler, Hugo] Int Energy Agcy, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Lannoye, E (reprint author), Univ Coll Dublin, Elect Res Ctr, Dublin 2, Ireland. EM eamonn.lannoye@ucd.ie; michael_milligan@nrel.gov; jadams@nyiso.com; aidan.tuohy@ucd.ie; hugo.chandler@iea.org; damian.flynn@ucd.ie; mark.omalley@ucd.ie NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611902015 ER PT S AU Li, SH Haskew, TA Muljadi, E AF Li, Shuhui Haskew, Timothy A. Muljadi, Eduard GP IEEE TI Integrative Characteristic Evaluation of DFIG Maximum Power Extraction using Lookup Table Approach SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Wind power; doubly-fed induction generator; d-q vector control; generator characteristics; extracted wind power characteristics; maximum power extraction control ID OUTPUT INDUCTION GENERATOR; SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION AB A DFIG wind turbine is a variable-speed wind turbine widely used in modern wind power industry. The maximum power extraction of the turbine is affected by 1) electrical characteristics of the generator, 2) aerodynamic characteristics of the turbine blades, and 3) maximum power extraction control strategies. This paper presents a DFIG maximum power extraction study through integrated steady-state characteristic and transient close-loop control evaluation approach. The generator characteristics are examined for different d-q control conditions; the peak power tracking and extracted wind power characteristics are presented versus generator slip. Then, all the three characteristics are analyzed in a joint environment to investigate the lookup-table maximum power extraction principle. A nested current- and speed-loop control structure is developed using the stator-voltage-oriented frame, which is then used to evaluate factors that may affect the DFIG peak power tracking control performance. Simulation studies are conducted to investigate how the maximum power extraction is influenced by wind turbine electrical and aerodynamic characteristics as well as different sampling rate and low-pass filtering strategies. C1 [Li, Shuhui; Haskew, Timothy A.] Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Muljadi, Eduard] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Li, SH (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. EM sli@eng.ua.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611900030 ER PT S AU Lu, N Weimar, MR Makarov, YV Rudolph, FJ Murthy, SN Arseneaux, J Loutan, C AF Lu, N. Weimar, M. R. Makarov, Y. V. Rudolph, F. J. Murthy, S. N. Arseneaux, J. Loutan, C. GP IEEE TI An Evaluation of the Flywheel Potential for Providing Regulation Service in California SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE flywheel; energy storage; ancillary services; regulation; wind integration; economic analysis; breakeven cost; energy market AB Flywheel energy storage can provide ancillary services including regulation and frequency response to power grids. This study presents the technical characteristics, modeling approach, methodologies, and results for providing regulation services in the California Independent System Operator market. Breakeven cost analyses were developed for two cases: 1) the flywheel provides the regulation service alone and 2) the flywheel provides the regulation service aggregated together with a hydro power plant. For both cases, two payment methods were evaluated: pay-by-energy and pay-by-capacity. Based on the results of the technical and cost analyses, the opportunities for providing regulation services are discussed, field test results for the flywheel's physical characteristics are presented, and performance metrics to evaluate the flywheel's capability to provide the regulation services are proposed and evaluated. C1 [Lu, N.; Weimar, M. R.; Makarov, Y. V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Rudolph, F. J.; Murthy, S. N.; Arseneaux, J.] Beacon Power Corp, Wilmington, DE USA. [Loutan, C.] Calif Independent Syst Operat, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. RP Lu, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K1-85, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ning.lu@pnl.gov; mark.weimar@pnl.gov; yuri.makarov@pnl.gov; rudolph@beaconpower.com; murthy@beaconpower.com; arseneaux@beaconpower.com; cloutan@caiso.com FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Bonneville Power Administration; California Energy Commission (CEC) through California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE) FX This work was conducted by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.; This work has been sponsored by the Bonneville Power Administration and by the California Energy Commission (CEC) through the California Institute for Energy and Environment (CIEE). CEC Note: The paper does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this paper; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This paper has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this paper. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611901134 ER PT S AU Lu, SA Makarov, YV Zhu, YH Lu, N Kumar, NP Chakrabarti, BB AF Lu, Shuai Makarov, Yuri V. Zhu, Yunhua Lu, Ning Kumar, Nirupama Prakash Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B. GP IEEE TI Unit Commitment Considering Generation Flexibility and Environmental Constraints SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Unit commitment; generation flexibility; environmental constraints; emission rate; renewable; hydro generation; wind generation AB This paper proposes a new framework for the power system unit commitment process, incorporating generation flexibility requirements and environmental constraints into the existing unit commitment algorithm. The generation flexibility requirements are to address the uncertainty and variability associated with large amounts of intermittent resources as well as with load, which cause real-time balancing requirements to be variable and less predictable. The proposed flexibility requirements include capacity, ramp-rate and energy (or ramp duration) for both upward and downward balancing reserves. The environmental constraints include emission limits for fossil fuel-fired generators and ecological regulations for hydro power plants. The calculation of emission rates is formulated. Unit commitment under this new framework will be critical to the economic and reliable operation of the power grid and the minimization of its negative environmental impacts, especially when high penetration levels of intermittent resources are being approached, as required by the renewable portfolio standards in many states. C1 [Lu, Shuai; Makarov, Yuri V.; Zhu, Yunhua; Lu, Ning; Kumar, Nirupama Prakash; Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Chakrabarti, Bhujanga B.] Transpower New Zealand LTD, Wellington, New Zealand. RP Lu, SA (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM shuai.lu@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) FX This work was supported financially by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) through Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905101 ER PT S AU Ma, JA Chen, YS Huang, ZY Wong, PC AF Ma, Jian Chen, Yousu Huang, Zhenyu (Henry) Wong, Pak Chung GP IEEE TI Detect Abnormal SCADA Data Using State Estimation Residuals SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE SCADA; BACON algorithm; state estimation; outlier detection; bad data detection; residuals ID IDENTIFICATION; OUTLIERS AB Detection of manipulated supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data is critically important for the safe and secure operation of modern power systems. In this paper, a methodology of detecting manipulated SCADA data based on state estimation residuals is presented. A framework of the proposed methodology is described. Instead of using original SCADA measurements as the bad data sources, the residuals calculated based on the results of the state estimator are used as the input for the outlier detection process. The BACON algorithm is applied to detect outliers in the state estimation residuals. The IEEE 118-bus system is used as a test case to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The accuracy of the BACON method is compared with that of the 3-sigma method for the simulated SCADA measurements and residuals. C1 [Ma, Jian; Chen, Yousu; Huang, Zhenyu (Henry); Wong, Pak Chung] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ma, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jian.ma@pnl.gov; yousu.chen@pnl.gov; zhenyu.huang@pnl.gov; pak.wong@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611901058 ER PT S AU Momber, I Gomez, T Venkataramanan, G Stadler, M Beer, S Lai, J Marnay, C Battaglia, V AF Momber, Ilan Gomez, Tomas Venkataramanan, Giri Stadler, Michael Beer, Sebastian Lai, Judy Marnay, Chris Battaglia, Vincent GP IEEE TI Plug-in Electric Vehicle Interactions with a Small Office Building: An Economic Analysis using DER-CAM SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE battery storage; building management systems; dispersed storage and generation; electric vehicles; load management; microgrid; optimization methods; power system economics; road vehicle electric propulsion AB It is generally believed that plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offer environmental and energy security advantages compared to conventional vehicles. Policies are stimulating electric transportation deployment, and PEV adoption may grow significantly. New technology and business models are being developed to organize the PEV and building interface and their interaction with the wider grid. This paper analyzes the PEVs' integration into a building's Energy Management System (EMS). This relationship is modeled by the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM), which finds optimal equipment combinations to meet microgrid requirements at minimum cost, carbon footprint, or other criteria. Results show that vehicle batteries are valuable to the building and a contractual relationship that shares the benefit between building and vehicle owner is possible. Under a simple annual fixed payment and energy exchange agreement, vehicles are primarily used to avoid peak demand charges and supply cheaper off-peak electricity to the building during workdays. C1 [Momber, Ilan] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stadler, Michael; Lai, Judy; Marnay, Chris; Battaglia, Vincent] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gomez, Tomas] Pontificia Comillas Univ Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Venkataramanan, Giri] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Momber, Ilan; Beer, Sebastian] Fraunhofer Inst Syst & Innovat Res, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Momber, I (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM IMomber@lbl.gov; TGomez@lbl.gov; giri@engr.wisc.edu; MStadler@lbl.gov; SPJBeer@lbl.gov; JLai@lbl.gov; C_Marnay@lbl.gov; VSBattaglia@lbl.gov FU Office of Electricity Delivery; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Spanish Ministry of Education; Center for Freight Infrastructure Research and Education of the University of Wisconsin-Madison FX The work described in this paper was primarily funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliabilitys Smart Grids Program in the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Prof. T. Gomezs participation is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education under its Professor and Senior Researcher Mobility program. Momber and Beers participation is funded by the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovations Research, Karlsruhe, Germany. Prof. Venkataramanans participation was partly supported by the Wisconsin Focus on Energys Environmental and Economic Research and Development (EERD) Program and the Center for Freight Infrastructure Research and Education of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905110 ER PT S AU Muljadi, E Samaan, N Gevorgian, V Li, J Pasupulati, S AF Muljadi, Eduard Samaan, Nader Gevorgian, Vahan Li, Jun Pasupulati, Subbaiah GP IEEE TI Short Circuit Current Contribution for Different Wind Turbine Generator Types SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Fault contribution; induction generator; protection; short circuit; wind power plant; wind turbine AB An important aspect of wind power plant (WPP) impact studies is to evaluate the short circuit (SC) current contribution of the plant into the transmission network under different fault conditions. This task can be challenging to protection engineers due to the topology differences between different types of wind turbine generators (WTGs) and the conventional generating units. This paper presents simulation results for SC current contribution for different types of WTGs obtained through transient analysis using generic WTG models. The obtained waveforms are analyzed to explain the behavior, such as peak values and rate of decay, of the WTG. The effect of fault types and location, and the effect of the control algorithms of power converters on SC current contribution are also investigated. We show that the response of the WPP to faults will vary based on the type of the installed WTGs. While in Type 1 and Type 2 WTGs, SC current will be determined by the physical characteristics of the induction generator, the contribution of Type 3 and Type 4 WTG will be mostly characterized by the power converter's control algorithms, which are usually considered proprietary information by the wind turbine manufacturers. C1 [Muljadi, Eduard; Gevorgian, Vahan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Samaan, Nader] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Li, Jun] EnerNex Corp, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Pasupulati, Subbaiah] Oak Creek Energy Syst Inc, Mojave, CA 93501 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM eduard.muljadi@nrel.gov; nader.samaan@pnl.gov; vahan.gevorgian@nrel.gov; jun@enernex.com; subbaiah@oakcreekenergy.com FU Department of Energy; California Energy Commission FX This work was supported financially by the Department of Energy and the California Energy Commission. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905061 ER PT B AU Oh, H AF Oh, HyungSeon GP IEEE TI A New Network Reduction Methodology for Congestion Study SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PES General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Oh, H (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611900049 ER PT S AU Rizy, DT Li, FX Li, HJ Adhikari, S Kueck, JD AF Rizy, D. Tom Li, Fangxing Li, Huijuan Adhikari, Sarina Kueck, John D. GP IEEE TI Properly Understanding the Impacts of Distributed Resources on Distribution Systems SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Distributed Energy Resources; Reactive Power Control; Volt/Var Control AB The subject paper discusses important impacts of distributed resources on distribution networks and feeders. These include capacity, line losses, voltage regulation, and central system support (such as volt/var control via central generators and substation) as the number, placement and penetration levels of distributed resources are varied. Typically, the impacts of distributed resources on the distribution system are studied by using steady-state rather than dynamic analysis tools. However, the response time and transient impacts of both system equipment (such as substation/feeder capacitors) and distributed resources needs to be taken into account and only dynamic analysis will provide the full impact results. ORNL is completing a study of distributed resources interconnected to a large distribution system considering the above variables. A report of the study and its results will be condensed into a paper for this panel session. The impact of distributed resources will vary as the penetration level reaches the capacity of the distribution feeder/system. The question is how high of a penetration of distributed resource can be accommodated on the distribution feeder/system without any major changes to system operation, system design and protection. The impacts will most surely vary depending upon load composition, distribution and level. Also, it is expected that various placement of distributed resources will impact the distribution system differently. C1 [Rizy, D. Tom; Kueck, John D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Fangxing; Li, Huijuan; Adhikari, Sarina] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rizy, DT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rizydt@ornl.gov RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013 OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618 FU Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR 22725]; UT-Battelle; Oak Ridge National Laboratory; University of Tennessee Knoxville FX This work was sponsored by the Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR 22725 with UT-Battelle and conducted at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee Knoxville. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905018 ER PT S AU Schneider, KP Fuller, JC AF Schneider, K. P. Fuller, J. C. GP IEEE TI Detailed End Use Load Modeling for Distribution System Analysis SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE distribution system analysis; forward-backward sweep method; load modeling; Newton-Raphson Method; power simulation; power modeling; smart grid AB The field of distribution system analysis has made significant advances in the past ten years. It is now standard practice when performing a power flow simulation to use an algorithm that is capable of unbalanced per-phase analysis. Recent work has also focused on examining the need for time-series simulations instead of examining a single time period, i.e., peak loading. One area that still requires a significant amount of work is the proper modeling of end use loads. Currently it is common practice to use a simple load model consisting of a combination of constant power, constant impedance, and constant current elements. While this simple form of end use load modeling is sufficient for a single point in time, the exact model values are difficult to determine and it is inadequate for some time-series simulations. This paper will examine how to improve simple time invariant load models as well as develop multi-state time variant models. C1 [Schneider, K. P.] Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. [Fuller, J. C.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Schneider, KP (reprint author), Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM kevin.schneider@pnl.gov; Jason.Fuller@pnl.gov RI Fuller, Jason/C-9951-2014 OI Fuller, Jason/0000-0002-0462-0093 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611900142 ER PT S AU Smith, JC Beuning, S Durrwachter, H Ela, E Hawkins, D Kirby, B Lasher, W Lowell, J Porter, K Schuyler, K Sotkiewicz, P AF Smith, J. C. Beuning, Stephen Durrwachter, Henry Ela, Erik Hawkins, David Kirby, Brendan Lasher, Warren Lowell, Jonathan Porter, Kevin Schuyler, Ken Sotkiewicz, Paul GP IEEE TI Impact of Variable Renewable Energy on US Electricity Markets SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Ancillary service markets; bilateral markets; capacity markets; electricity markets; market design; market evolution; market operation; price responsive load markets; variable generation; wind generation AB This paper reviews the design and operation of a number of large, regional organized markets in the US, as well as the operation of stand-alone single balancing area bilateral markets, from the viewpoint of integrating large amounts of variable output renewable energy sources. Significant differences between the two types of markets are noted. In addition, a series of shortcomings of the first generation market designs are discussed, and some thoughts on the design changes required to enable greater participation of variable output generators in the market are provided. C1 [Smith, J. C.] Util Wind Integrat Grp, Reston, VA 22314 USA. [Beuning, Stephen] Xcel Energy, Denver, CO USA. [Durrwachter, Henry] ERCOT Mkt Serv Luminant Energy Co LLC, Dallas, TX USA. [Ela, Erik] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Hawkins, David] CAISO, Folsom, CA USA. [Kirby, Brendan] Pvt Consultant, Knoxville, TN USA. [Lasher, Warren] ERCOT, Taylor, TX USA. [Lowell, Jonathan] ISO, Wellington, New Zealand. [Schuyler, Ken; Sotkiewicz, Paul] PJM Interconnect, Forge Vally, PA USA. RP Smith, JC (reprint author), Util Wind Integrat Grp, Reston, VA 22314 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905039 ER PT S AU Sullivan, MJ Mercurio, MG Schellenberg, JA Eto, JH AF Sullivan, Michael J. Mercurio, Matthew G. Schellenberg, Josh A. Eto, Joseph H. GP IEEE TI How to Estimate the Value of Service Reliability Improvements SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Economics; education; planning; power distribution reliability; power system reliability; power transmission reliability; reliability; reliability estimation; statistics; technology planning AB A robust methodology for estimating the value of service reliability improvements is presented. Although econometric models for estimating value of service (interruption costs) have been established and widely accepted, analysts often resort to applying relatively crude interruption cost estimation techniques in assessing the economic impacts of transmission and distribution investments. This paper first shows how the use of these techniques can substantially impact the estimated value of service improvements. A simple yet robust methodology that does not rely heavily on simplifying assumptions is presented. When a smart grid investment is proposed, reliability improvement is one of the most frequently cited benefits. Using the best methodology for estimating the value of this benefit is imperative. By providing directions on how to implement this methodology, this paper sends a practical, usable message to the industry. C1 [Sullivan, Michael J.; Mercurio, Matthew G.; Schellenberg, Josh A.] Sullivan & Co, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. [Eto, Joseph H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sullivan, MJ (reprint author), Sullivan & Co, San Francisco, CA 94115 USA. EM michaelsullivan@fscgroup.com; matthewmercurio@fscgroup.com; joshschellenberg@fscgroup.com; jheto@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611900046 ER PT S AU Ton, D Irwin, C Widergren, SE AF Ton, D. Irwin, C. Widergren, S. E. GP IEEE TI Interoperability and the Federal Role SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE systems engineering; adaptive systems; system software; information technology; communication system interfaces; software engineering AB A smart grid is capable of integrating a broad array of generation resources and enables the participation of demand side resources in reliable system operation. To cost effectively realize this flexibility, the associated devices and systems need to connect and interact simply and reliably. Interoperability is the important ingredient to make this happen. Because the electric system transcends organizational boundaries between generators, electricity delivery companies, end-users, and other service providers, advancing interoperability between these organizations can be difficult to justify by individual organizations. But given the importance of a smart electric system to meet national economic, societal, and environmental objectives, a federal role is taking shape in the United States to improve the integration of automation elements and thus make smart grid a reality. C1 [Ton, D.; Irwin, C.] US DOE, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Widergren, S. E.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ton, D (reprint author), US DOE, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dan.ton@hq.doe.gov; chris.irwin@hq.doe.gov; steve.widergren@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC65-76RLO1830] FX This work is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC65-76RLO1830 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611900140 ER PT S AU Turitsyn, K Sulc, P Backhaus, S Chertkov, M AF Turitsyn, Konstantin Sulc, Petr Backhaus, Scott Chertkov, Michael GP IEEE TI Distributed control of reactive power flow in a radial distribution circuit with high photovoltaic penetration SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Distributed Generation; Feeder Line; Power Flow; Voltage Control ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEMS; CAPACITORS AB We show how distributed control of reactive power can serve to regulate voltage and minimize resistive losses in a distribution circuit that includes a significant level of photovoltaic (PV) generation. To demonstrate the technique, we consider a radial distribution circuit with a single branch consisting of sequentially-arranged residential-scale loads that consume both real and reactive power. In parallel, some loads also have PV generation capability. We postulate that the inverters associated with each PV system are also capable of limited reactive power generation or consumption, and we seek to find the optimal dispatch of each inverter's reactive power to both maintain the voltage within an acceptable range and minimize the resistive losses over the entire circuit. We assume the complex impedance of the distribution circuit links and the instantaneous load and PV generation at each load are known. We compare the results of the optimal dispatch with a suboptimal local scheme that does not require any communication. On our model distribution circuit, we illustrate the feasibility of high levels of PV penetration and a significant (20% or higher) reduction in losses. C1 [Turitsyn, Konstantin; Chertkov, Michael] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sulc, Petr] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Backhaus, Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turitsyn, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM turitsyn@lanl.gov; sulcpetr@gmail.com; backhaus@lanl.gov; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Backhaus, Scott/F-4285-2012; Turitsyn, Konstantin/K-5978-2012; Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 OI Turitsyn, Konstantin/0000-0002-7997-8962; FU U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE C52-06NA25396]; NMC via NSF [CCF-0829945] FX We are thankful to all the participants of the Optimization and Control for Smart Grids LDRD DR project at Los Alamos and Smart Grid Seminar Series at CNLS/LANL for multiple fruitful discussions and to Prof. Ross Baldick for attracting our attention to the DistFlow studies [2], [1], [9]. Research at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE C52-06NA25396. PS and MC acknowledges partial support of NMC via NSF collaborative grant CCF-0829945 on Harnessing Statistical Physics for Computing and Communications. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611902101 ER PT S AU Widergren, S Levinson, A Mater, J Drummond, R AF Widergren, S. Levinson, A. Mater, J. Drummond, R. GP IEEE TI Smart Grid Interoperability Maturity Model SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE systems engineering; adaptive systems; system software; information technology; communication system interfaces; software engineering AB The integration of automation associated with electricity resources (including transmission and distribution automation and demand-side resources operated by end-users) is key to supporting greater efficiencies and incorporating variable renewable resources and electric vehicles into the power system. The integration problems faced by this community are analogous to those faced in the health industry, emergency services, and other complex communities with many stakeholders. To highlight this issue and encourage communication and the development of a smart grid interoperability community, the GridWise (R) Architecture Council (GWAC) created an Interoperability Context-Setting Framework. This "conceptual model" has been helpful to explain the importance of organizational alignment in addition to technical and informational interface specifications for "smart grid" devices and systems. As a next step to building a community sensitive to interoperability, the GWAC is developing a smart grid interoperability maturity model (SG IMM) based on work done by others to address similar circumstances. The objective is to create a tool or set of tools that encourages a culture of interoperability in this emerging community. The tools would measure status and progress, analyze gaps, and prioritize efforts to improve the situation. C1 [Widergren, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Levinson, A.; Mater, J.] Qual Log, Boise, ID USA. RP Widergren, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.widergren@pnl.gov; alex.levinson@lmco.com; jmater@qualitylogic.com; rikd@drummondgroup.com FU U.S. Department of Energy; Battelle [DE-AC65-76RLO1830] FX This work is supported in part by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC65-76RLO1830. A. Levinson is with Lockheed Martin, J. Mater is with QualityLogic, R. Drummond is with Drummond Group, and S. Widergren, is with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611902158 ER PT J AU Widergren, SE Kirkham, H AF Widergren, S. E. Kirkham, H. GP IEEE TI Smart Grid - Transforming Power System Operations SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT PES General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN DE system operations; load modeling; demand response; market systems; distributed generation; communication system interfaces; software engineering AB Electric power systems are entering a new realm of operations. Large amounts of variable generation tax our ability to reliably operate the system. Couple this with a greater reliance on the electricity network to serve consumer demand that is likely to rise significantly even as we drive for greater efficiency. Trade-offs between energy and environmental needs will be constantly negotiated, while a reliable supply of electricity needs even greater assurance in a world where threats of disruption have risen. Smart grid capabilities are being proposed to help address the challenges confronting system operations. This paper reviews the impact of smart grid functionality on transforming power system operations. It explores models for distributed energy resources (DER - generation, storage, and load) that are appearing on the system. It reviews the evolving nature of electricity markets to deal with this complexity and a change of emphasis on signals from these markets to affect power system control. Smart grid capabilities will also impact reliable operations, while cyber security issues must be addressed as a culture change that influences all system design, implementation, and maintenance. Lastly, the paper explores significant questions for further research and the need for a simulation environment that supports such investigation and informs deployments to mitigate operational issues as they arise. C1 [Widergren, S. E.; Kirkham, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Widergren, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM steve.widergren@pnl.gov; harold.kirkham@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611901092 ER PT S AU Zhou, N Trudnowski, D Pierre, J Mittelstadt, W AF Zhou, Ning Trudnowski, Dan Pierre, John Mittelstadt, William GP IEEE TI Electromechanical Mode On-line Estimation using Regularized Robust RLS Methods SO IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting CY JUL 25-29, 2010 CL Minneapolis, MN C1 [Zhou, Ning] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Trudnowski, Dan] Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Pierre, John] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Mittelstadt, William] Bonneville Power Adm, Bonneville, UT USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05- 76RL01830, TPWRS-00084-2008]; EPSCoR [DE-FG02-03ER46044, DE-FC26-06NT42750]; BPA [162-0027]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy and EPSCoR under grants DE-FG02-03ER46044 and DE-FC26-06NT42750 and in part by BPA under contract 162-0027. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05- 76RL01830. Paper no. TPWRS-00084-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1944-9925 BN 978-1-4244-8357-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2010 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BTO76 UT WOS:000287611905006 ER PT J AU Frincke, DA Ford, R AF Frincke, Deborah A. Ford, Richard TI Building a Better Boot Camp SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ford, Richard] Florida Tech, Melbourne, FL USA. RP Frincke, DA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM deborah.frincke@pnl.gov; rford@fit.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 8 IS 1 BP 68 EP 71 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 555QE UT WOS:000274527500013 ER PT J AU Khurana, H Hadley, M Lu, N Frincke, DA AF Khurana, Himanshu Hadley, Mark Lu, Ning Frincke, Deborah A. TI Smart-Grid Security Issues SO IEEE SECURITY & PRIVACY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Khurana, Himanshu] Univ Illinois, Informat Trust Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hadley, Mark; Lu, Ning; Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Khurana, H (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Informat Trust Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM hkhurana@illinois.edu; mark.hadley@pnl.gov; ning.lu@pnl.gov; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 5 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 3 U2 20 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1540-7993 J9 IEEE SECUR PRIV JI IEEE Secur. Priv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2010 VL 8 IS 1 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 555QE UT WOS:000274527500016 ER PT J AU Davis, CE Frank, M Mizaikoff, B Oser, H AF Davis, Cristina E. Frank, Matthias Mizaikoff, Boris Oser, Harald TI The Future of Sensors and Instrumentation for Human Breath Analysis SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS C1 [Davis, Cristina E.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Frank, Matthias] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Mizaikoff, Boris] Univ Ulm, Inst Analyt & Bioanalyt Chem, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. [Oser, Harald] SRI Int Inc, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Davis, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cedavis@ucdavis.edu; frank1@llnl.gov; boris.mizaikoff@uni-ulm.de; harald.oser@sri.com RI Mizaikoff, Boris/G-9959-2013; Davis, Cristina/C-4437-2008; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 OI Mizaikoff, Boris/0000-0002-5583-7962; NR 3 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2035675 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 530QU UT WOS:000272608200001 ER PT J AU Davis, CE Bogan, MJ Sankaran, S Molina, MA Loyola, BR Zhao, WX Benner, WH Schivo, M Farquar, GR Kenyon, NJ Frank, M AF Davis, Cristina E. Bogan, Michael J. Sankaran, Shankar Molina, Mary A. Loyola, Bryan R. Zhao, Weixiang Benner, W. Henry Schivo, Michael Farquar, George R. Kenyon, Nicholas J. Frank, Matthias TI Analysis of Volatile and Non-Volatile Biomarkers in Human Breath Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry (DMS) SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Biosensor; breath analysis; differential mobility spectrometer (DMS); electrospray ionization (ESI); exhaled breath condensate (EBC); gas chromatography (GC); microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; EXHALED BREATH; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LUNG-CANCER; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CONDENSATE AB Exhaled human breath contains thousands of chemicals that are potential biomarkers of disease or chemical exposure. Although many bench-top analytical instruments could measure concentrations of these chemicals, small and portable systems have the best advantage of being used in a clinical point-of-care environment or in a field setting. Here, we demonstrate coupling a miniature differential mobility spectrometer (DMS) with both a gas chromatograph (GC) and separately an electrospray ionization (ESI) module to analyze exhaled breath condensate. Our combined GC/DMS and ESI/DMS instrument systems are capable of measuring an extremely large number of chemical analytes contained in exhaled breath condensate. We have established methodologies for detecting single compounds and approximate the limits of detection for our systems. The detection limit and analytical power are clinically relevant for many potential biomarkers, and suggests our device may have many applications for disease diagnostics in human breath analysis. C1 [Davis, Cristina E.; Sankaran, Shankar; Molina, Mary A.; Loyola, Bryan R.; Zhao, Weixiang; Schivo, Michael; Kenyon, Nicholas J.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bogan, Michael J.; Benner, W. Henry; Farquar, George R.; Frank, Matthias] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Davis, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cedavis@ucdavis.edu RI Bogan, Mike/I-6962-2012; Davis, Cristina/C-4437-2008; Frank, Matthias/O-9055-2014 OI Bogan, Mike/0000-0001-9318-3333; FU National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) [UL1 RR024146]; National Institutes of Health (NIH); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Microsystems Technology Office; American Petroleum Institute; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [LDRD 05-ERD-053] FX Manuscript received September 04, 2009; accepted September 18, 2009. Current version published December 18, 2009. This is an expanded paper from the IEEE SENSORS 2007 Conference. This work was partially supported by the following agencies: grant number UL1 RR024146 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research [CD, NK]; the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Microsystems Technology Office for partially supporting this work (PM Dennis Polla) [CD, MF], and the American Petroleum Institute [CD]; the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LDRD 05-ERD-053 [MF]. The contents of this manuscript are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the funding agencies. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Dr. Harald Oser. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 25 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 114 EP 122 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2009.2033562 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 533SL UT WOS:000272845100002 ER PT J AU Iyer, V Makarov, SN Harty, DD Nekoogar, F Ludwig, R AF Iyer, Vishwanath Makarov, Sergey N. Harty, Daniel D. Nekoogar, Faranak Ludwig, Reinhold TI A Lumped Circuit for Wideband Impedance Matching of a Non-Resonant, Short Dipole or Monopole Antenna SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Dipole antennas; impedance matching; small antennas ID EXPLICIT FORMULAS; BANDWIDTH; NETWORKS AB A new technique is proposed for wideband impedance matching of short dipole- or monopole-like antennas in the VHF-UHF bands. Instead of constructing the network topology for every particular antenna, we propose a simple network of one fixed topology. This network is an inductive L-section cascaded with a high-pass T-section. The network includes five discrete components-three inductors and two capacitors. Although the approach is not general, the paper proves that matching with the present network is close to the theoretical limit impedance matching confirmed by Bode-Fano theory. The matching performance also approaches the performance of the Carlin's equalizer for short dipoles and monopoles. The dipoles and monopoles may have different shape and different matching bandwidths. By using the matching circuit of fixed topology we avoid greater difficulties related to the practical realization of the Carlin's equalizer. The key point is to minimize the antenna's matching network complexity (and loss) so that the circuit can be designed and constructed in a straightforward manner. C1 [Iyer, Vishwanath; Makarov, Sergey N.; Harty, Daniel D.; Ludwig, Reinhold] Worcester Polytech Inst, ECE Dept, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Nekoogar, Faranak] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Iyer, V (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, ECE Dept, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM vishiyer@wpi.edu; makarov@wpi.edu; ddharty@wpi.edu; nekoogar1@llnl.gov; ludwig@wpi.edu NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 58 IS 1 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1109/TAP.2009.2036192 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 540KZ UT WOS:000273331800003 ER PT J AU Rosten, E Porter, R Drummond, T AF Rosten, Edward Porter, Reid Drummond, Tom TI Faster and Better: A Machine Learning Approach to Corner Detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Review DE Corner detection; feature detection ID CONTOUR CHAIN CODE; DIGITAL CURVES; DOMINANT POINTS; PLANAR CURVES; DETECTION ALGORITHM; CURVATURE FUNCTION; HOUGH TRANSFORM; ANGLE DETECTION; DESCRIPTORS; PERFORMANCE AB The repeatability and efficiency of a corner detector determines how likely it is to be useful in a real-world application. The repeatability is important because the same scene viewed from different positions should yield features which correspond to the same real-world 3D locations [1]. The efficiency is important because this determines whether the detector combined with further processing can operate at frame rate. Three advances are described in this paper. First, we present a new heuristic for feature detection and, using machine learning, we derive a feature detector from this which can fully process live PAL video using less than 5 percent of the available processing time. By comparison, most other detectors cannot even operate at frame rate (Harris detector 115 percent, SIFT 195 percent). Second, we generalize the detector, allowing it to be optimized for repeatability, with little loss of efficiency. Third, we carry out a rigorous comparison of corner detectors based on the above repeatability criterion applied to 3D scenes. We show that, despite being principally constructed for speed, on these stringent tests, our heuristic detector significantly outperforms existing feature detectors. Finally, the comparison demonstrates that using machine learning produces significant improvements in repeatability, yielding a detector that is both very fast and of very high quality. C1 [Rosten, Edward; Drummond, Tom] Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. [Porter, Reid] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Rosten, E (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Trumpington St, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, England. EM er258@cam.ac.uk; rporter@lanl.gov; twd20@cam.ac.uk RI Drummond, Tom/A-4696-2011 OI Drummond, Tom/0000-0001-8204-5904 NR 102 TC 388 Z9 453 U1 21 U2 121 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 32 IS 1 BP 105 EP 119 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2008.275 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 520FQ UT WOS:000271826700009 PM 19926902 ER PT J AU Lee, J Pan, R AF Lee, Jinsuk Pan, Rong TI Analyzing step-stress accelerated life testing data using generalized linear models SO IIE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Accelerated life testing; Bayesian statistics; inference; reliability engineering ID EXPONENTIAL-DISTRIBUTION; INFERENCE MODEL; FAILURE AB In this article the parameter estimation method of Step-Stress Accelerated Life Testing (SSALT) model is discussed by utilizing techniques of Generalized Linear Model (GLM). A multiple progressive SSALT with exponential failure data and right censoring is analyzed. The likelihood function of the SSALT is treated as being a censoring variate with Poisson distribution and the life-stress relationship is defined by a log link function of a GLM. Both the maximum likelihood estimation and the Bayesian estimation of GLM parameters are discussed. The iteratively weighted least squares method is implemented to obtain the maximum likelihood estimation solution. The Bayesian estimation is derived by applying Jeffreys' non-informative prior and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Finally, a real industrial example is presented to demonstrate these estimation methods. C1 [Pan, Rong] Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Lee, Jinsuk] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pan, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jinsuk.lee@nrel.gov; rong.pan@asu.edu FU NSF [DMI-0654417]; Society of Reliability Engineers FX We sincerely thank one anonymous referee for a stimulating discussion on data diagnosis and Bayesian analysis, and we thank Dr. Wayne Nelson for providing us the experimental context of the example used in this article. The research is partially supported by the NSF grant DMI-0654417.; Rong Pan is an Assistant Professor of Industrial Engineering at the School of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University. He received his Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineering from Penn State University in 2002. His research interests include failure time data analysis, design of experiments, multivariate statistical quality control, time series analysis, and control. He was the recipient of the 2008 Stan Ofsthun Award of the Society of Reliability Engineers. He is a senior member of ASQ and a member of SRE, IIE, and INFORMS. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0740-817X J9 IIE TRANS JI IIE Trans. PY 2010 VL 42 IS 8 BP 589 EP 598 AR PII 922538754 DI 10.1080/07408170903459976 PG 10 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 602FL UT WOS:000278123800005 ER PT S AU Grazzini, J Dillard, S Soille, P AF Grazzini, Jacopo Dillard, Scott Soille, Pierre BE Bruzzone, L TI A new generic method for the semi-automatic extraction of river and road networks in low and mid-resolution satellite images SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XVI CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Line networks; roads; rivers; semi-automatic extraction; cost path technique; mathematical morphology; hydrological models ID REMOTE-SENSING IMAGES; AERIAL IMAGES; LINEAR FEATURES; CLASSIFICATION; TRACKING; MINIMUM; MODELS AB This paper addresses the problem of semi-automatic extraction of road or hydrographic networks in satellite images. For that purpose, we propose an approach combining concepts arising from mathematical morphology and hydrology. The method exploits both geometrical and topological characteristics of rivers/roads and their tributaries in order to reconstruct the complete networks. It assumes that the images satisfy the following two general assumptions, which are the minimum conditions for a road/river network to be identifiable and are usually verified in low- to mid-resolution satellite images: (i) visual constraint: most pixels composing the network have similar spectral signature that is distinguishable from most of the surrounding areas; (ii) geometric constraint: a line is a region that is relatively long and narrow, compared with other objects in the image. While this approach fully exploits local (roads/rivers are modeled as elongated regions with a smooth spectral signature in the image and a maximum width) and global (they are structured like a tree) characteristics of the networks, further directional information about the image structures is incorporated. Namely, an appropriate anisotropic metric is designed by using both the characteristic features of the target network and the eigen-decomposition of the gradient structure tensor of the image. Following, the geodesic propagation from a given network seed with this metric is combined with hydrological operators for overland flow simulation to extract the paths which contain most line evidence and identify them with the target network. C1 [Grazzini, Jacopo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grazzini, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM grazzja@lanl.gov; scott.dillard@pnl.gov; pierre.soille@jrc.ec.europa.eu NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8347-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7830 AR 783007 DI 10.1117/12.865052 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ36 UT WOS:000287764200005 ER PT S AU Grazzini, J Dillard, S Prasad, L AF Grazzini, Jacopo Dillard, Scott Prasad, Lakshman BE Bruzzone, L TI Simultaneous hierarchical segmentation and vectorization of satellite images through combined non-uniform data sampling and anisotropic triangulation SO IMAGE AND SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR REMOTE SENSING XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XVI CY SEP 20-22, 2010 CL Toulouse, FRANCE SP SPIE DE Hierarchical segmentation; vectorization; superpixel; Delaunay triangulation; polygons; trixels; gradient structure tensor; subpixel edge detection ID CONSTRAINED CONNECTIVITY; CLASSIFICATION; OBJECTS; EDGE AB The automatic detection, recognition, and segmentation of object classes in remote sensed images is of crucial importance for scene interpretation and understanding. However, it is a difficult task because of the high variability of satellite data. Indeed, the observed scenes usually exhibit a high degree of complexity, where complexity refers to the large variety of pictorial representations of objects with the same semantic meaning and also to the extensive amount of available details. Therefore, there is still a strong demand for robust techniques for automatic information extraction and interpretation of satellite images. In parallel, there is a growing interest in techniques that can extract vector features directly from such imagery. In this paper, we investigate the problem of automatic hierarchical segmentation and vectorization of multispectral satellite images. We propose a new algorithm composed of the following steps: (i) a non-uniform sampling scheme extracting most salient pixels in the image, (ii) an anisotropic triangulation constrained by the sampled pixels taking into account both strength and directionality of local structures present in the image, (iii) a polygonal grouping scheme merging, through techniques based on perceptual information, the obtained segments to a smaller quantity of superior vectorial objects. Besides its computational efficiency, this approach provides a meaningful polygonal representation for subsequent image analysis and/or interpretation. C1 [Grazzini, Jacopo; Prasad, Lakshman] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grazzini, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Int Space & Response Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM grazzja@lanl.gov; scott.dillard@pnl.gov; prasad@lanl.gov OI Prasad, Lakshman/0000-0003-3967-3643 NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8347-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7830 AR 78300F DI 10.1117/12.865047 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BTQ36 UT WOS:000287764200013 ER PT S AU Karnowski, TP Cunningham, MF Goddard, JS Cheriyadat, AM Hornback, DE Fabris, L Kerekes, RA Ziock, KP Gee, TF AF Karnowski, Thomas P. Cunningham, Mark F. Goddard, James S. Cheriyadat, Anil M. Hornback, Donald E. Fabris, Lorenzo Kerekes, Ryan A. Ziock, Klaus-Peter Gee, Timothy F. BE Fofi, D Niel, KS TI Motion estimation accuracy for visible-light/gamma ray imaging fusion for portable portal monitoring SO IMAGE PROCESSING: MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Machine Vision Applications III CY JAN 19-21, 2010 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol (IS&T), SPIE DE Radiation monitoring; motion estimation ID GAMMA-RAYS; LARGE-AREA; PERFORMANCE; ARRAYS AB The use of radiation sensors as portal monitors is increasing due to heightened concerns over the smuggling of fissile material. Portable systems that can detect significant quantities of fissile material that might be present in vehicular traffic are of particular interest. We have constructed a prototype, rapid-deployment portal gamma-ray imaging portal monitor that uses machine vision and gamma-ray imaging to monitor multiple lanes of traffic. Vehicles are detected and tracked by using point detection and optical flow methods as implemented in the OpenCV software library. Points are clustered together but imperfections in the detected points and tracks cause errors in the accuracy of the vehicle position estimates. The resulting errors cause a "blurring" effect in the gamma image of the vehicle. To minimize these errors, we have compared a variety of motion estimation techniques including an estimate using the median of the clustered points, a "best-track" filtering algorithm, and a constant velocity motion estimation model. The accuracy of these methods are contrasted and compared to a manually verified ground-truth measurement by quantifying the root-mean-square differences in the times the vehicles cross the gamma-ray image pixel boundaries compared with a ground-truth manual measurement. C1 [Karnowski, Thomas P.; Goddard, James S.; Cheriyadat, Anil M.; Hornback, Donald E.; Fabris, Lorenzo; Kerekes, Ryan A.; Ziock, Klaus-Peter] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Karnowski, TP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM karnowskitp@ornl.gov RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7931-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7538 AR 75380F DI 10.1117/12.838428 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BRR34 UT WOS:000283488400014 ER PT S AU Maia, F MacDowell, A Marchesini, S Padmore, HA Parkinson, DY Pien, J Schirotzek, A Yang, C AF Maia, F. MacDowell, A. Marchesini, S. Padmore, H. A. Parkinson, D. Y. Pien, J. Schirotzek, A. Yang, C. BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Compressive Phase Contrast Tomography SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data VI CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA DE Compressive Sensing; non uniform FFT; Radon transform; GPU AB When x-rays penetrate soft matter, their phase changes more rapidly than their amplitude. Interference effects visible with high brightness sources creates higher contrast, edge enhanced images. When the object is piecewise smooth (made of big blocks of a few components), such higher contrast datasets have a sparse solution. We apply basis pursuit solvers to improve SNR, remove ring artifacts, reduce the number of views and radiation dose from phase contrast datasets collected at the Hard X-Ray Micro Tomography Beamline at the Advanced Light Source. We report a GPU code for the most computationally intensive task, the gridding and inverse gridding algorithm (non uniform sampled Fourier transform). C1 [Maia, F.; Padmore, H. A.; Parkinson, D. Y.; Schirotzek, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Marchesini, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smarchesini@lbl.gov RI MacDowell, Alastair/K-4211-2012; Rocha Neves Couto Maia, Filipe/C-3146-2014; Parkinson, Dilworth/A-2974-2015 OI Rocha Neves Couto Maia, Filipe/0000-0002-2141-438X; Parkinson, Dilworth/0000-0002-1817-0716 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8296-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7800 AR 78000F DI 10.1117/12.861946 PG 5 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSU69 UT WOS:000285833200013 ER PT S AU Yang, C Wang, Z Marchesini, S AF Yang, Chao Wang, Zhen Marchesini, Stefano BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Orientation Determination for 3D Single Molecule Diffraction Imaging SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data VI CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA DE diffractive imaging; common lines; common curves; Ewald sphere; eigenvalue; optimization AB The latest development of ultrafast free electron laser makes it now possible to perform single molecule diffraction imaging. In such an experiment, two-dimensional (2D) diffraction images of randomly oriented molecules of the same type (single molecules) can be captured within femtosecond exposure time. These images can then be used to deduce the 3D structure of the molecule. Two of the most challenging problems that must be solved in order to obtain a high resolution 3D reconstruction are: 1) the determination of the relative orientations of 2D diffraction images; 2) the retrieval of the phase information of a reconstructed 3D diffraction pattern. In this paper, we will focus on the first problem and discuss the use of common curve detection techniques to deduce the relative orientations of 2D diffraction images produced from single-molecule diffraction experiments. Such a technique is based on the fact that Ewald spheres associated with two diffraction images of the same molecule intersect along a common curve in the reciprocal space. By detecting these curves on each diffraction image, we can deduce the relative orientations of diffraction images by solving an eigenvalue problem. When the radius of the Ewald sphere is sufficiently large relatively to the region of reciprocal space we are interested in, the Ewald sphere becomes flat near the origin of the reciprocal space, and common curves reduce to common lines. In this case, the orientation determination problem is similar to the one that arises in single particle cryo-electron microscopy. The recent work of Singer and Shkolnisky [1] shows that the orientation determination problem can be solved by computing the largest eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix constructed from the common lines identified among cryo-EM projection images. In this paper, we will extend their technique to diffraction images on which common curves can be identified. C1 [Yang, Chao] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CYang@lbl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8296-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7800 AR 78000P DI 10.1117/12.860810 PG 10 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSU69 UT WOS:000285833200023 ER PT S AU Zheng, YL Doerschuk, PC AF Zheng, Yili Doerschuk, Peter C. BE Bones, PJ Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI 3-D signal reconstruction from noisy projection data for stochastic objects as a generalization of Gaussian mixture parameter estimation SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data VI CY AUG 02-03, 2010 CL San Diego, CA DE statistical inverse problem; statistical signal reconstruction; tomography; cryo electron microscopy; virus structure ID CRYO ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; IMAGES; MICROGRAPHS; VIRION AB A statistical estimation problem for determining 3-D reconstructions from a single 2-D projection image of each of multiple objects when the objects are heterogeneous is described. The method is based on a Gaussian mixture description of the heterogeneity and is motivated by cryo electron microscopy of biological objects. C1 [Zheng, Yili] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doerschuk, PC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM YZheng@lbl.gov; pd83@cornell.edu RI Doerschuk, Peter/A-3424-2016 OI Doerschuk, Peter/0000-0002-4517-6582 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8296-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7800 AR 78000L DI 10.1117/12.862064 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BSU69 UT WOS:000285833200019 ER PT B AU Woicik, PA Alia-Klein, N Volkow, ND Goldstein, RZ AF Woicik, P. A. Alia-Klein, N. Volkow, N. D. Goldstein, R. Z. BE Borsook, D Beccera, L Bullmore, E Hargreaves, R TI Neuroimaging Human Drug Addiction SO IMAGING IN CNS DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE AND THERAPY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CEREBRAL-BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY; OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER; COCAINE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; BRAIN GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; METHAMPHETAMINE-DEPENDENT SUBJECTS; PROGRESSIVE RATIO SCHEDULE; ABSTINENT MARIJUANA USERS; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; STRIATAL DOPAMINE RELEASE C1 [Woicik, P. A.; Alia-Klein, N.; Goldstein, R. Z.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Translat Neuroimaging, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Volkow, N. D.] NIDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Woicik, PA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Translat Neuroimaging, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pwoicik@bnl.uov; rgoldstein@bnl.gov NR 232 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0133-0 PY 2010 BP 263 EP 289 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0134-7_17 PG 27 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BMI15 UT WOS:000272425300017 ER PT B AU George, JS AF George, John S. BE Roe, AW TI Casting Light on Neural Function: A Subjective History SO IMAGING THE BRAIN WITH OPTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTRINSIC OPTICAL SIGNALS; ACTION-POTENTIAL PROPAGATION; MONKEY STRIATE CORTEX; SQUID GIANT-AXONS; VISUAL-CORTEX; NONINVASIVE DETECTION; NEURONAL-ACTIVITY; BRAIN ACTIVATION; SENSITIVE DYES; RETINAL MODEL AB Optical methods offer a number of advantages for the study of neural systems. Optical techniques are relatively noninvasive, and offer wide field of view, in addition to high resolution in time and in space. Improvements in optical sensor technologies and imaging techniques continually enhance imaging performance, and extend resolution into three dimensions. Digital signal processing strategies allow increasingly subtle signals to be extracted and visualized. Imaging methods allow large populations of cells to be examined simultaneously, while resolving individual cells. Differential absorption or fluorescence emission by endogenous biochemicals or exogenous reporters allows characterization of specific aspects of the chemical and physical environment of cells, and produces signals that are highly correlated with neural activation. Fast intrinsic optical signals, which appear to be tightly coupled to the biophysical processes of neural activation, hold great promise for dynamic imaging of function in large populations of neurons. Coupled with multi-channel electrophysiological and Computational modeling techniques, optical imaging enables powerful new understanding of the function of the brain. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP George, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Mail Stop D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jsg@lanl.gov NR 71 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0451-5 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0452-2_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-0452-2 PG 25 WC Biophysics; Neurosciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biophysics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BLY77 UT WOS:000271459400001 ER PT B AU Brake, MR Wickert, JA AF Brake, M. R. Wickert, J. A. GP ASME TI MODAL ANALYSIS OF A GYROSCOPIC SYSTEM WITH NONLINEAR CONSTRAINTS SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 10, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID PIPE CONVEYING FLUID; UP ELASTIC STOPS; MOTION CONSTRAINTS; FORCED OSCILLATOR; IMPACT RESPONSE; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; TRAVELING BEAM; MOVING WEBS; VIBRATION; DYNAMICS AB A method for the modal analysis of continuous gyroscopic systems with nonlinear constraints is developed, which assumes that the nonlinear constraints can be expressed with piecewise-linear force-deflection profiles. Using this assumption, the mode shapes and natural frequencies are found for each state, and a mapping method based on the inner product of the mode shapes is developed to map the displacement of the system between states. To illustrate this method, a model for the vibration of a traveling string in contact with a piecewise-linear constraint is developed as an analog of the interaction between magnetic tape and a guide in data storage systems. Several design parameters of the guide are considered: flange clearance, stiffness, symmetry, and the guide's position. Critical bifurcation thresholds exist, below which the system exhibits no chaotic behavior and is dominated by period one, symmetric behavior, and above which the system contains asymmetric, higher periodic motion with windows of chaotic behavior. These bifurcation thresholds are particularly pronounced for the transport speed, flange clearance, symmetry of the force deflection profile, and guide position. C1 [Brake, M. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brake, MR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mrbrake@sandia.gov; wickert@iastate.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4383-3 PY 2010 BP 1101 EP 1113 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BPX13 UT WOS:000280200700129 ER PT B AU Emery, JM Bozek, JE Ingraffea, AR AF Emery, John M. Bozek, Jeffrey E. Ingraffea, Anthony R. GP ASME TI TOWARDS TRULY MULTISCALE SIMULATION OF FATIGUE PROCESSES IN METALLIC STRUCTURES SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 11 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB The fatigue resistance of metallic structures is inherently random due to environmental and boundary conditions, and microstructural geometry, including discontinuities, and material properties. A new methodology for fatigue life prediction is under development to account for these sources of randomness. One essential aspect of the methodology is the ability to perform truly multiscale simulations: simulations that directly link the boundary conditions on the structural length scale to the damage mechanisms of the microstructural length scale. This presentation compares and contrasts two multiscale methods suitable for fatigue life prediction. The first is a brute force method employing the widely-used multipoint constraint technique which couples a finite element model of the microstructure within the finite element model of the structural component. The second is a more subtle, modified multi-grid method which alternates analyses between the two finite element models while representing the evolving microstructural damage. Examples and comparisons are made for several geometries and preliminary validation is achieved with comparison to experimental tests conducted by the Northrop Grumman Corporation on a wing-panel structural geometry. C1 [Emery, John M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Emery, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Emery, John /0000-0001-6671-4952 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4384-0 PY 2010 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQY65 UT WOS:000282107300007 ER PT B AU Nielson, GN Phinney, LM Epp, DS Wittwer, J Gupta, V Resnick, P Krishnamoorthy, U AF Nielson, Gregory N. Phinney, Leslie M. Epp, David S. Wittwer, Jonathan Gupta, Vipin Resnick, Paul Krishnamoorthy, Uma GP ASME TI WAVELENGTH AND COHERENCE INDEPENDENT METHOD OF OPTICALLY EXCITING MECHANICAL RESONANCE SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 12, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB We have developed and demonstrated a technique for optical excitation of mechanical resonance that does not require coherent, monochromatic, or time-varying light. Previous methods for optically exciting mechanical motion in microscale devices required monochromatic, coherent light or time varying light. This technology could allow sunlight (or other ambient light source) to drive a MEMS device. It could also be used to convert sunlight to mechanical energy and subsequently to electrical energy through piezoelectric or capacitive techniques, essentially a micromechanical analog to the photovoltaic cell. We have demonstrated this method of optical excitation of a MEMS cantilever using simple cantilever beam structures fabricated using Sandia National Laboratories' SUMMiT V (TM) process. The bimorph structure was created with polysilicon and aluminum. The minimum power to induce resonance was 3.5 - 4 mW of optical power incident on the cantilever under a vacuum of less than 1 mTorr. Resonance was observed at 45.6 kHz (slightly less than the 48.5 kHz predicted by FEA). C1 [Nielson, Gregory N.; Phinney, Leslie M.; Epp, David S.; Wittwer, Jonathan; Gupta, Vipin; Resnick, Paul; Krishnamoorthy, Uma] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nielson, GN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4385-7 PY 2010 BP 535 EP 544 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BPX18 UT WOS:000280203700083 ER PT B AU Hopkins, PE Serrano, JR Phinney, LM Kearney, SP Grasser, TW Harris, CT AF Hopkins, Patrick E. Serrano, Justin R. Phinney, Leslie M. Kearney, Sean P. Grasser, Thomas W. Harris, C. Thomas GP ASME TI DIMENSIONALITY ANALYSIS OF THERMAL TRANSPORT IN MULTILAYER THIN FILM SYSTEMS SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 12, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID TRANSIENT THERMOREFLECTANCE; HEAT-TRANSPORT; SUPERLATTICES; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE; FLOW AB Pump-probe transient thermoreflectance (TTR) techniques are powerful tools for measuring thermophysical properties of thin films, such as thermal conductivity, Lambda, or thermal boundary conductance, G. This paper examines the assumption of one-dimensional heating on Lambda and G determination in nanostructures using a pump-probe transient thermoreflectance technique. The traditionally used one dimensional and radial (3D) models are reviewed. To test the assumptions of the thermal models, experimental data from Al films on bulk substrates (Si and glass) are taken with the TTR technique. This analysis is extended to thin film multilayer structures. Results show that at 11 MHz modulation frequency, thermal transport is indeed one dimensional. Error among the various models arises due to pulse accumulation and not accounting for residual heating. C1 [Hopkins, Patrick E.; Serrano, Justin R.; Phinney, Leslie M.; Kearney, Sean P.; Grasser, Thomas W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hopkins, PE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM pehopki@sandia.gov NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4385-7 PY 2010 BP 993 EP 1001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BPX18 UT WOS:000280203700161 ER PT B AU Hendricks, TJ Krishnan, S Choi, C Chang, CH Paul, B AF Hendricks, Terry J. Krishnan, Shankar Choi, Changho Chang, Chih-hung Paul, Brian GP ASME TI ENHANCEMENT OF POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER USING NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES ON ALUMINUM AND COPPER SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 12, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID CONTINUOUS-FLOW MICROREACTOR; TRANSFER MODEL; FLUX; MICROCHANNELS; EVAPORATION; DEPOSITION; WATER AB System energy management and cooling for future advanced lasers, radars, and power electronics is gaining importance, resulting in an intense search for technologies and design techniques to dissipate ultra-high heat fluxes, reduce system energy usage, and increase system efficiencies. We report enhanced pool boiling critical heat fluxes (CHF) at reduced wall superheat on nanostructured Al and Cu substrates, which are commonly used in advanced electronics cooling applications. Nanostructured surfaces were realized by using a low temperature nanomaterial deposition process, Microreactor-assisted-nanomaterial-deposition (MAND (TM)). Using this technique we deposited ZnO nano-structures on Al and Cu substrates. We varied a number of parameters such as micro-/nano-structure morphologies, pore sizes, densities, and their inter-connectivity to identify optimal morphologies. These surfaces displayed typical pore sizes of 50-100 nm with pore densities of about 100-200 per mu m(2) and hydrophilic/superhydrophilic characteristics with measured contact angles as low as 0 degrees. We have demonstrated the capability to control MAND (TM) processes to create static contact angle from about 58 degrees to near 0 degrees for ZnO on Al surfaces and 80 degrees to about 40 degrees for zeolite texturing on Si surfaces. Average roughness measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was in the range of 200-600 nm. Pool boiling refers to boiling under natural convection and nucleate boiling conditions, where the heating surface is submerged in a large body of stagnant liquid and the relative motion of the vapor bubble and its surrounding liquid is primarily due to buoyancy effect. We have focused to date on water as test liquid, but have future plans for investigating FIFE 7100. We observed pool boiling CHF of 80-82.5 W/cm(2) for nanostructured ZnO on Al surfaces versus a CHF of 23.2 W/cm(2) on a bare Al surface with a wall superheat reduction of 25-38 degrees C. These new CHF values on ZnO nanostructured surfaces correspond to a boiling heat transfer coefficient as high as similar to 23000 W/m(2)K. This represents an increase of almost 4X in CHF on nano-textured surfaces, which is contrary to conventional boiling heat transfer theory. We will discuss our current data, compare the behavior with conventional boiling theory, and compare with similar recent boiling heat transfer data on other nano-scale surfaces by other researchers. We are currently investigating these surfaces under forced convection conditions in microchannels to assess their flow boiling capabilities. C1 [Hendricks, Terry J.; Krishnan, Shankar] MicroProd Breakthrough Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hendricks, TJ (reprint author), MicroProd Breakthrough Inst, Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM terry.hendricks@pnl.gov NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4385-7 PY 2010 BP 1025 EP 1033 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BPX18 UT WOS:000280203700165 ER PT B AU Lee, SY AF Lee, Si Y. GP ASME TI HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE SOLIDIFICATION CONTAINER SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 9, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB The Nuclear Nonproliferation Programs Design Authority is in the design stage of the Waste Solidification Building (WSB) for the treatment and solidification of the radioactive liquid waste streams generated by the Pit Disassembly and Conversion Facility (PDCF) and Mixed Oxide (MOX) Fuel Fabrication Facility (MFFF). The waste streams will be mixed with a cementitious dry mix in a 55-gallon waste container. Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) has been performing the testing and evaluations to support technical decisions for the WSB. Engineering Modeling & Simulation Group was requested to evaluate the thermal performance of the 55-gallon drum containing hydration heat source associated with the current baseline cement waste form. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM si.lee@srnl.doe.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4382-6 PY 2010 BP 483 EP 492 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPX03 UT WOS:000280196300056 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Meyer, PA Enderlin, CW Fort, JA Wells, BE Minette, MJ Burns, CA Baer, EBK Eakin, DE Elmore, MR Snyder, SF AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Meyer, Perry A. Enderlin, Carl W. Fort, James A. Wells, Beric E. Minette, Michael J. Burns, Carolyn A. Baer, Ellen B. K. Eakin, David E. Elmore, Monte R. Snyder, Sandra F. GP ASME TI SCALED EXPERIMENTS EVALUATING PULSE JET MIXING OF SLURRIES SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 9, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB Pulse jet mixing (PJM) tests with noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid were conducted at three geometric scales to support the design of mixing systems for the Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. The test data will be used to develop mixing models. The models predict the cloud height (the height to which solids will be lifted by the PJM action) and the critical suspension velocity (the minimum velocity needed to ensure all solids have been lifted from the floor), two parameters measured during the tests. From the cloud height estimate, the concentration of solids near the vessel floor and the minimum velocity predicted to lift solids can be calculated. The test objective was to observe the influence of vertically downward-directed jets on noncohesive solids in a series of scaled tanks with several bottom shapes. The test tanks and bottom shapes included small- and large-scale tanks with elliptical bottoms, a mid-scale tank with a spherical bottom, and a large-scale tank with a flanged and dished bottom. During testing, the downward-directed jets were operated in either a steady flow condition or a pulsed (periodic) flow condition. The mobilization of the solids resulting from the jets was evaluated based on: the motion/agitation of the particulate on the tank floor and the elevation the solids reach within the tank; the height the solids material reaches in the tank is referred to as the cloud height (H(C)). C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Meyer, Perry A.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fort, James A.; Wells, Beric E.; Minette, Michael J.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Baer, Ellen B. K.; Eakin, David E.; Elmore, Monte R.; Snyder, Sandra F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM judith.bamberger@pnl.gov; perry.meyer@pnl.gov OI Snyder, Sandra/0000-0001-5826-1324 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4382-6 PY 2010 BP 1803 EP 1818 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPX03 UT WOS:000280196300207 ER PT B AU Brundage, AL Erickson, KL Dowding, KJ AF Brundage, Aaron L. Erickson, Kenneth L. Dowding, Kevin J. GP ASME TI THERMAL DECOMPOSITION MODELING AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTY MEASUREMENT OF A HIGHLY CROSSLINKED POLYMER COMPOSITE SO IMECE 2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 9, PTS A-C LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID POLYURETHANE AB Thermophysical properties including density, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity of a poly (diallyl phthalate) inert filler composite material were characterized over a wide temperature range from room temperature to 800 degrees C. Over this temperature range, the material decomposition was approximated by a one-step process with first-order kinetics. Thermal kinetics data were obtained by thermal gravimetric analysis with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and thermophysical properties were obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and laser flash diffusivity experiments. The response of the material to radiant heating was simulated with a computational heat transfer, multidimensional, finite element code. Additionally, the experimental uncertainty in the measurements was quantified to estimate the uncertainty in the reaction parameters due to heating rate and variability in inert filler-polymer composition in large sample sizes. Hence, the thermal response and the uncertainty were quantified for a complex decomposing material in a practical geometry for technologically important applications. C1 [Brundage, Aaron L.; Erickson, Kenneth L.; Dowding, Kevin J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brundage, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM albrund@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4382-6 PY 2010 BP 2015 EP 2022 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BPX03 UT WOS:000280196300229 ER PT B AU Smith, CL Kelly, DL Vedros, KG AF Smith, Curtis L. Kelly, Dana L. Vedros, Kurt G. GP ASME TI A MODERN APPROACH TO BAYESIAN INFERENCE FOR RISK AND RELIABILITY ANALYSIS SO IMECE2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 13 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB Recent years have seen significant advances in the use of risk analysis in a variety of applications. Because risk and reliability models are intended to support these applications, it is critical that inference methods used in these models be robust and technically sound. The inference method described in this paper is that of Bayesian Inference. The inference we describe uses a modern computational approach known as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). MCMC methods work for simple cases, but more importantly, they work efficiently on very complex cases. Recently, with the advance of computing power and improved analysis algorithms, MCMC is increasingly being used for a variety of Bayesian inference problems. In the paper, an open-source program called OpenBUGS (commonly referred to as WinBUGS) is used to solve the inference problems that are described. The approach that is taken is to provide analysis "building blocks" that can be modified, combined, or used as-is to solve a variety of challenging problems. This paper provides an overview of guidelines for the evaluation of risk and reliability-related data. It is aimed at those familiar with risk and reliability methods and provides a hands-on approach to the investigation and application of a variety of risk and reliability data assessment methods, tools, and techniques.. C1 [Smith, Curtis L.; Kelly, Dana L.; Vedros, Kurt G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Smith, CL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4386-4 PY 2010 BP 323 EP 329 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BQZ40 UT WOS:000282197600039 ER PT B AU Brown, AL Jepsen, RA AF Brown, Alexander L. Jepsen, Richard A. GP ASME TI FOREST THINNING RESIDUES AS A POTENTIAL FUEL SOURCE SO IMECE2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB Northern New Mexico forests are characterized predominantly by small (i.e. around 10 cm diameter), densely populated conifers. Land managers, both private and government, often thin the forests to reduce the risks from wildland fire. Thinned residues typically amount to approximately 20 to 50 tons per acre. With no obvious market use for these small thinning residues, they are presently either discarded on the ground, or burnt as waste. Through a small business assistance initiative, Sandia National Laboratories is helping to identify and promote process improvements. Several productive uses of the residues have been evaluated, and are presented. The concept of a mobile pyrolysis unit is presently being examined in more detail for several pragmatic reasons. It could remove a significant fraction of the mass as a dense liquid that could be shipped to a refinery for conversion to a fossil fuel additive or substitute. Also, it is a process that is sufficiently well self contained that it could be reasonably sized for a mobile system. Present issues with the concept are addressed, including yield, benefit, and cost. C1 [Brown, Alexander L.; Jepsen, Richard A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4376-5 PY 2010 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRC36 UT WOS:000282341200005 ER PT B AU Brown, AL Yoon, SS AF Brown, Alexander L. Yoon, Sam S. GP ASME TI AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SECONDARY SPRAY ON A WATER SPRINKLER SCENARIO SO IMECE2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID NONSPHERICAL PARTICLES; PREDICTION; IMPACT; DRYER; DRAG AB Recent development efforts have resulted in new models that are capable of predicting water spray interactions with solid surfaces for a wide range of drop sizes and velocities. These models provide a reasonable approximation to single drop impact events, and significantly improve the expected accuracy of the splash. The models are implemented in the Vulcan software, a CFD code for fire modeling. We wanted to understand how important the splash is to a suppression scenario and the implications of common simplifying assumptions. A scenario with several rectangular objects located beneath a water suppression system is examined. This scenario was designed to be representative of an industrial fire and suppression situation. We compare the deposition masses on the surfaces for three cases, one with the recently developed model, another assuming no splash, and another assuming all splashing drops eject an excessive fraction of their mass. The results of the higher fidelity predictions compared with the more commonly employed and simpler assumptions suggest the importance of splashing to the outcome of an industrial water sprinkler fire suppression event. C1 [Brown, Alexander L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4376-5 PY 2010 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRC36 UT WOS:000282341200016 ER PT B AU Brown, AL Jepsen, RA AF Brown, Alexander L. Jepsen, Richard A. GP ASME TI AN IMPROVED DROP IMPACT MODEL FOR LAGRANGIAN/EULERIAN COUPLED CODES SO IMECE2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID SOLID-SURFACE; SPRAY IMPACT; SINGLE-DROP AB Because we want to be able to model fires from high energy impact events as found in transportation accidents, we are interested in accurate representation of secondary impacts and splash, which presumably contribute significantly to the outcome of the event. We are focused on a Lagrangian/Eulerian framework as a simulation method. Historically, drop impact modeling has been driven by spray combustion applications, as reviewed in a paper by Cossali et al. [1]. They note numerous deficiencies, including that regime accuracy for many of the models is narrow. Testing and model development has provided improved sub-models that have allowed us to construct what we believe to be a more accurate and comprehensive model for impacting drops. The details of this model are presented along with a detailed description of the sub-model components. The model is employed to predict a 10 cm diameter, 10 and 20 m/s water drop impact test. This test case serves as an initial verification and validation test of the implemented code. C1 [Brown, Alexander L.; Jepsen, Richard A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Brown, AL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4376-5 PY 2010 BP 133 EP 141 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRC36 UT WOS:000282341200017 ER PT B AU Biruduganti, M Gupta, S Bihari, B Sekar, R AF Biruduganti, Munidhar Gupta, Sreenath Bihari, Bipin Sekar, Raj GP ASME TI NO(x) EMISSIONS REDUCTION USING AIR SEPARATION MEMBRANES FOR DIFFERENT LOADS IN GAS-FIRED ENGINES SO IMECE2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB Air Separation Membranes (ASM) could potentially replace Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) technology in engines due to the proven benefits in NOx reduction but without the drawbacks of EGR. Previous investigations of Nitrogen Enriched Air (NEA) combustion using nitrogen bottles showed up to 70% NOx reduction with modest 2% nitrogen enrichment. The investigation in this paper was performed with an ASM capable of delivering at least 3.5% NEA to a single cylinder spark ignited natural gas engine. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) is one of the pathways to meet the mandatory ultra low NOx emissions levels set by regulatory agencies. In this study, a comparative assessment is made between natural gas combustion in standard air and 2% NEA for different engine loads. Enrichment beyond this level degraded engine performance in terms of power density, Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions for a given equivalence ratio. The ignition timing was optimized to yield maximum brake torque for standard air and NEA. The parasitic loss associated with the usage of ASM technology is presented. It was observed that with 2% NEA, for a similar fuel quantity, the equivalence ratio (Psi) increases by 0.1 relative to standard air conditions. Analysis showed that lean burn operation along with NEA could pave the pathway for realizing lower NOx emissions with a slight penalty in BTE. C1 [Biruduganti, Munidhar; Gupta, Sreenath; Bihari, Bipin; Sekar, Raj] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Biruduganti, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4376-5 PY 2010 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRC36 UT WOS:000282341200037 ER PT B AU Bamberger, JA Greenwood, MS Lawler, BD Sundaram, SK Baer, EBK Hatchell, BK Hopkins, DF Kirihara, LJ Pekour, MS Sande, S Yu, XY Zuljevic, N AF Bamberger, Judith Ann Greenwood, Margaret S. Lawler, Bruce D. Sundaram, S. K. Baer, Ellen B. K. Hatchell, Brian K. Hopkins, Derek F. Kirihara, Leslie J. Pekour, Mikhail S. Sande, Susan Yu, Xiao-Ying Zuljevic, Nino GP ASME TI EVALUATING CONCENTRATION PROFILES DURING UNSTEADY MIXING SO IMECE2009: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB Pulse jet mixing tests to suspend noncohesive solids in Newtonian liquid were conducted at three geometric scales. To understand the solids suspension process an ultrasonic concentration probe was used to measure the concentration of solids in the cloud during a pulse at various elevations and radial positions. The data are being analyzed to provide a model for predicting concentration as a function of elevation. C1 [Bamberger, Judith Ann; Greenwood, Margaret S.; Lawler, Bruce D.; Sundaram, S. K.; Baer, Ellen B. K.; Hatchell, Brian K.; Hopkins, Derek F.; Kirihara, Leslie J.; Pekour, Mikhail S.; Sande, Susan; Yu, Xiao-Ying; Zuljevic, Nino] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bamberger, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM judith.bamberger@pnl.gov; margaret.greenwood@pnl.gov RI Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013 OI Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4381-9 PY 2010 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BQZ39 UT WOS:000282196500001 ER PT B AU Bernardin, JD Baca, AG AF Bernardin, John D. Baca, Allen G. GP ASME TI MECHANICAL DESIGN AND VIBRO-ACOUSTIC TESTING OF ULTRATHIN CARBON FOILS FOR A SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENT SO IMECE2009, VOL 15: SOUND, VIBRATION AND DESIGN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB IBEX-Hi is an electrostatic analyzer spacecraft instrument designed to measure the energy and flux distribution of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) emanating from the interaction zone between the Earth's solar system and the Milky Way galaxy A key element to this electro-optic instrument is an array of fourteen carbon foils that are used to ionize the ENAs The foils are comprised of an ultrathin (50-100 angstrom thick) layer of carbon suspended across the surface of an electroformed Nickel wire screen, which in turn is held taught by a metal frame holder. The electroformed orthogonal screen has square wire elements, 12.7 mu m thick, with a pitch of 131 1 wires/cm. Each foil holder has an open aperture approximately 5 cm by 2 5 cm. Designing and Implementing foil holders with such a large surface area has not been attempted for spaceflight in the past and has proven to be extremely challenging. The delicate carbon foils are subject to fatigue failure from the large acoustic and vibration loads that they will be exposed to during launch of the spacecraft. This paper describes the evolution of the foil holder design from previous space instrument applications to a flight-like IBEX-Hi prototype. Vibro-acoustic qualification tests of the IBEX-Hi prototype instrument and the resulting failure of several foils are summarized. This is followed by a discussion of iterative foil holder design modifications and laser vibrometer modal testing to support future fatigue failure analyses. The results of these activities indicate that there is no strong dependency of the natural frequencies or transmissibilities of the foils on the different foil holder and screen configurations. However, for all foil holder designs, the natural frequencies of the foils were observed to decrease noticeably from exposure to acoustic testing. These test results, when combined with foil holder assembly considerations, suggest that the welded frame and integrated screen designs should be incorporated into the architecture of the IBEX-Hi flight instrument. C1 [Bernardin, John D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bernardin, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, POB 1663,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4388-8 PY 2010 BP 435 EP 443 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRF62 UT WOS:000282621100054 ER PT B AU Bernardin, JD Flores, EM AF Bernardin, John D. Flores, Eugene M. GP ASME TI CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TORQUE LIMITS AND CLAMPING FORCE RELATIONSHIPS FOR SMALL STAINLESS STEEL SCREWS IN TENSILE LOADED JOINTS OF VARIOUS METALS SO IMECE2009, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB This study originated during the design of Chem Cam, a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and imaging instrument being developed for NASA's Mars Science Lab Rover. The mission needs for miniaturization, reduced weight, high reliability, minimal use of thread locking compounds, and the ability to handle harsh environmental conditions dictated the use of small, high strength screws to be threaded into a variety of metal alloys including Be-S200f, A1-6061-T6, Mg-ZK60A-T5, and Ti-6A1-4V. The lack of a credible fastener torque database for small (#0 through #8) high strength stainless steel screws in various parent materials, led to the development of an experimental program to characterize the following: a. The screw torque value versus angular rotation (which indicates yielding in the screw or parent material) as a function of screw diameter, screw head configuration, depth of thread engagement, type of parent material, type of surface treatment on parent material, presence of thread locking compound, repeatable threaded hole use, and degree of screw pedigree. b. The relationship between fastener torque and clamping force for a subset of the above mentioned variables. The database generated from this study will serve as a design reference for utilizing small stainless steel fasteners and provide trending information for other researchers who may be interested in broadening its range of parameters. This paper reviews the related fastener torque and clamping force information from the literature, describes the experimental screw torque and clamping force monitoring equipment, presents the test matrix and experimental procedures, and discusses the empirical results. C1 [Bernardin, John D.; Flores, Eugene M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bernardin, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4377-2 PY 2010 BP 451 EP 459 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRH72 UT WOS:000282724900061 ER PT B AU Teh, KY AF Teh, Kwee-Yan GP ASME TI THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FERMENTATION AND ANAEROBIC GROWTH OF BAKER'S YEAST SO IMECE2009, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; MICROBIAL-GROWTH; BIOMASS YIELDS; LIVING CELL; RECONSTRUCTION; MICROORGANISMS; CEREVISIAE; BALANCE; ACID AB Thermodynamic concepts have been used in the past to predict microbial cell yield under various growth conditions. Cell yield may be the key consideration in some industrial biotechnology applications. It is not the case, however, in the context of biofuel production. In this paper, we examine the thermodynamics of fermentation and concomitant growth of baker's yeast in continuous culture experiments under anaerobic, glucose-limited conditions, with emphasis on the yield and efficiency of ethanol production. We find that anaerobic metabolism of baker's yeast is very efficient; the process destroys less than 7% of the total chemical exergy supplied to the fermentation reactor. However, the exergy of ethanol secreted constitutes less than 60% of the in-flowing exergy, or 75% that of glucose fed to the continuous culture. Effects of varying the specific adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) consumption rate, which is the fundamental parameter that quantifies the energetic requirements for cell growth and maintenance, are also examined. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Teh, KY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kteh@sandia.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4379-6 PY 2010 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRH73 UT WOS:000282725100012 ER PT B AU Cho, HJ Luck, R Chamra, LM AF Cho, Heejin Luck, Rogelio Chamra, Louay M. GP ASME TI POWER GENERATION AND HEAT RECOVERY MODEL OF RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES FOR CHP APPLICATIONS SO IMECE2009, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME DE combined heat and power; internal combustion engine; power generation; heat recovery AB This paper presents a power generation and heat recovery model for reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICEs) that can be effectively used in simulations of combined heat and power (CHP) systems. Reciprocating engines are among the most common types of power generation units in CHP systems. In the literature, constant engine efficiencies or empirical efficiency curves are commonly used in the simulations for CHP performance evaluation. These methods do not provide realistic results for the design and component selection processes. The main advantage of this model is that it provides estimates of performance/efficiency maps for both electrical power output and useful thermal output for various capacities of engines without experimental data. The intent of this model is to provide performance/efficiency maps during a preliminary CHP design/simulation process. An example of model calibration to a specific CHP application is presented to demonstrate the capability and benefit of this model. The simulation results are validated with manufacturer's technical data. C1 [Cho, Heejin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cho, HJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4379-6 PY 2010 BP 131 EP 137 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRH73 UT WOS:000282725100019 ER PT B AU Han, J Elgowainy, A Wang, M AF Han, Jeongwoo Elgowainy, Amgad Wang, Michael GP ASME TI FUEL-CYCLE ANALYSIS OF FUEL CELLS FOR COMBINED HEAT, HYDROGEN, AND POWER GENERATION SO IMECE2009, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB The fuel-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the application of fuel cells to combined heat and power (CHP) generation and combined heat, hydrogen, and power (CHHP) generation are evaluated and compared with the combustion technologies of internal combustion engines and microturbines, as well as with the various technologies associated with hydrogen production and grid-electricity generation in the United States. Two types of fuel cells are considered in this analysis: a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) capable of following either heat or electric load and a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) that typically follows the electric load. Three types of facilities (hospital, large office building, and warehouse) are examined in two different climatic regions (Chicago and Los Angeles) to span a wide range of electric-to-heat load ratios. Two different approaches for fuel cycle analysis of CHP and CHHP applications are considered in this analysis: a total demand approach and a displacement approach. The total demand approach provides an accurate assessment of the impact of actual demand on total energy use and GHG emissions, while the displacement approach projects the potential for more energy savings and GHG emissions benefits relative to the supply of electricity from the grid generation mix. The fuel cycle results are primarily impacted by the efficiencies of hydrogen production and electric power generation, as well as by the utility factor of the co-produced heat. The energy use and GHG emissions associated with the electric power generation represent the majority of the fuel-cycle's total energy use and emissions for all pathways. More energy and GHG emissions benefits are realized from fuel cell technologies with increased use of available coproduced heat. In general, CHHP systems exhibit more energy and GHG emission benefits than CHP systems for any of the investigated fuel cell technologies. C1 [Han, Jeongwoo; Elgowainy, Amgad; Wang, Michael] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Han, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 362, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM aelgowainy@anl.gov; jhan@anl.gov; mqwang@anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4379-6 PY 2010 BP 367 EP 375 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRH73 UT WOS:000282725100044 ER PT B AU Stoots, C O'Brien, J Cable, T AF Stoots, C. O'Brien, J. Cable, T. GP ASME TI TEST RESULTS FROM THE IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY OF THE NASA BI-SUPPORTED CELL DESIGN SO IMECE2009, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME AB The Idaho National Laboratory has been researching the application of solid-oxide fuel cell technology for large-scale hydrogen production. As a result, the Idaho National Laboratory has been testing various cell designs to characterize electrolytic performance. NASA, in conjunction with the University of Toledo, has developed a new cell concept with the goals of reduced weight and high power density. This paper presents results of the INL's testing of this new solid oxide cell design as an electrolyzer. Gas composition, operating voltage, and other parameters were varied during testing. Results to date show the NASA cell to be a promising design for both high power-to-weight fuel cell and electrolyzer applications. C1 [Stoots, C.; O'Brien, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Stoots, C (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. EM carl.stoots@inl.gov; james.obrien@inl.gov; Thomas.L.Cable@grc.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4379-6 PY 2010 BP 611 EP 616 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRH73 UT WOS:000282725100072 ER PT B AU O'Brien, JE Housley, GK Milobar, DG Petigny, N AF O'Brien, J. E. Housley, G. K. Milobar, D. G. Petigny, Nathalie GP ASME TI PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE ELECTRODE-SUPPORTED CELLS OPERATING IN THE ELECTROLYSIS MODE SO IMECE2009, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 13-19, 2009 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP ASME ID NUCLEAR-ENERGY; HYDROGEN AB An experimental study is under way to assess the performance of electrode-supported solid-oxide cells operating in the steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production over a temperature range of 800 to 900 degrees C. Results presented in this paper were obtained from single cells, with an active area of 16 cm(2) per cell. The electrolysis cells are electrode-supported, with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes (similar to 10 mu m thick), nickel-YSZ steam/hydrogen electrodes (similar to 1400 mu m thick), and manganite (LSM) air-side electrodes. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet mole fractions (0.1 - 0.6), gas flow rates, and current densities (0 to 0.6 A/cm(2)). Steam consumption rates associated with electrolysis were measured directly using inlet and outlet dewpoint instrumentation. On a molar basis, the steam consumption rate is equal to the hydrogen production rate. Cell performance was evaluated by performing DC potential sweeps at 800, 850, and 900 degrees C. The voltage-current characteristics are presented, along with values of area-specific resistance as a function of current density. Long-term cell performance is also assessed to evaluate cell degradation. Details of the custom single-cell test apparatus developed for these experiments are also presented. C1 [O'Brien, J. E.; Housley, G. K.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP O'Brien, JE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4379-6 PY 2010 BP 617 EP 625 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BRH73 UT WOS:000282725100073 ER PT B AU Braiman, A Rudakov, F Thundat, T AF Braiman, Avital Rudakov, Fedor Thundat, Thomas BE Callaos, N Chu, HW Tremante, A Zinn, CD TI DNA Separation by Directed Optical Transport SO IMETI 2010: 3RD INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Inform & System C1 [Braiman, Avital] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Rudakov, Fedor] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thundat, Thomas] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Braiman, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-02-3 PY 2010 BP 5 EP 5 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7IF UT WOS:000391342400002 ER PT B AU Gofron, KJ Joachimiak, A AF Gofron, Kazimierz J. Joachimiak, Andrzej BE Baralt, J Callaos, N Chu, HW Ferrer, J Lesso, W Savoie, MJ TI Visualization of X-ray Beam Using CdWO4 Crystal for Macromolecular Crystallography SO IMETI 2010: 3RD INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, VOL II (POST-CONFERENCE EDITION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Inform & System DE Synchrotron; X-ray; Scintillator; Fluorescence; Single crystal; Gd2O2S:Tb; CdWO4; imager; PbWO4; Bi4Ge3O12; Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG:Ce); phosphor ID SCINTILLATORS; FLUORESCENCE AB In synchrotron diffraction experiments, it is typically assumed that the X-ray beam at the sample position is uniform, stable and has dimensions that are controlled by the focus and slits settings. As might be expected, this process is much more complex. We present here an investigation of the properties of a synchrotron Xray beam at the sample position. The X-ray beam is visualized with a single crystal scintillator that converts X-ray photons into visible light photons, which can be imaged using Structure Biology Center (SBC) on-axis and off-axis microscope optics. The X-ray penetration is dependent on the composition of the scintillator (especially the effective Z), and X-ray energy. Several scintillators have been used to visualize X-ray beams. Here we compare CdWO4, PbWO4, Bi4Ge3O12, Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG:Ce), and Gd2O2S:Tb (phosphor). We determined that scintillator crystals made of CdWO4 and similar high-Z materials are best suited for the energy range (7-20 keV) and are most suitable for beam visualization for macromolecular crystallography applications. These scintillators show excellent absorption, optical, and mechanical properties. C1 [Gofron, Kazimierz J.; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Joachimiak, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM andrzejj@anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-11-5 PY 2010 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7IG UT WOS:000391342900018 ER PT B AU Musser, J Drumright-Clarke, MA Galvin, J AF Musser, Jordan Drumright-Clarke, Mary Ann Galvin, Janine BE Baralt, J Callaos, N Chu, HW Ferrer, J Lesso, W Savoie, MJ TI Development of a Discrete Mass Inflow Boundary Condition for MFIX SO IMETI 2010: 3RD INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, VOL II (POST-CONFERENCE EDITION) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Inform & System DE Discrete Element Method (DEM); Discrete Mass Inlet Boundary Condition (DMIBC) ID FLUIDIZED-BED AB MFIX (Multiphase Flow with Interphase eXchanges) is an open source software package developed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) used for modeling the chemical reactions, heat transfer, and hydrodynamics of fluid solid systems. Currently, the stable publically available release of MFIX does not include a discrete mass inflow boundary condition (DMIBC) for its discrete element method (DEM) package. Inflow boundary conditions are useful for simulating systems where particles are consumed through chemical reactions and an incoming feed is necessary to sustain the reaction. To implement the DMIBC an inlet staging area is designated outside the computational domain and particles are passed through the wall region associated with the inlet. Forces incurred on entering particles, generated from collisions with particles already in the system, are ignored whereas, particles already in the system respond to contact forces and react accordingly, moving away from the inlet. This approach prevents any unphysical overlap between new and existing particles. It also ensures that particles entering the system will enter the computational domain regardless of opposing forces. Once an incoming particle is fully within the domain, it reacts appropriately to any and all contact force. This approach for a DMIBC has been implemented and is available within the current development version of MFIX. C1 [Musser, Jordan; Drumright-Clarke, Mary Ann] West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Galvin, Janine] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Musser, J (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-11-5 PY 2010 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG7IG UT WOS:000391342900030 ER PT S AU Rancour, DM Backues, SK Bednarek, SY AF Rancour, David M. Backues, Steven K. Bednarek, Sebastian Y. BE Schwartzbach, SD Osafune, T TI Protein Antigen Expression in Escherichia coli for Antibody Production SO IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Escherichia coli; protein; expression; purification; glutathione-S-transferase; GST; epitope tag; antigen; tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease ID ETCH VIRUS PROTEASE; PREDICTION AB Escherichia coli is a frequently used expression system for the generation of protein encoded by genes from diverse kingdoms and, thus, it is well suited for the production of protein antigens for antibody generation. It is a system of choice for many due to factors such as (1) the commercial availability of a vast array of reagents and materials needed for cloning, expression, and purification and (2) the potential high protein yields that can be acquired in a timely and cost-effective manner. This chapter will focus on (1) the general principles to keep in mind when choosing an antigen to express and (2) the use of a modified pGEX vector system (Rancour et al., J. Biol. Chem. 279:54264-54274, 2004) to use in its expression. Simplified protocols are provided for (1) assessing the expression of your protein, (2) testing whether your protein is or is not expressed as a soluble product, (3) performing bulk purifications of soluble or insoluble E. coli-expressed protein to acquire enough to be used for a complete immunization protocol, and (4) an optional procedure for epitope tag removal from your expressed protein of interest in order to avoid the unnecessary and sometimes unwanted production of antibodies against the fusion protein affinity chromatography tag. These four procedures have been used extensively and successfully in our lab as a basis for the production of recombinant protein and subsequent antibody production. C1 [Rancour, David M.; Backues, Steven K.; Bednarek, Sebastian Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Rancour, David M.; Bednarek, Sebastian Y.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Rancour, DM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60761-782-2 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2010 VL 657 BP 3 EP 20 DI 10.1007/978-1-60761-783-9_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-60761-783-9 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BQA76 UT WOS:000280523600001 PM 20602203 ER PT S AU Auciello, O Shi, B AF Auciello, Orlando Shi, Bing BE Zhou, DD Greenbaum, E TI Science and Technology of Bio-Inert Thin Films as Hermetic-Encapsulating Coatings for Implantable Biomedical Devices: Application to Implantable Microchip in the Eye for the Artificial Retina SO IMPLANTABLE NEURAL PROSTHESES 2: TECHNIQUES AND ENGINEERING APPROACHES SE Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; GROWTH; PLASMA; MEMS; GAS; CVD AB Extensive research has been devoted to the development of neuron prostheses and hybrid bionic systems to establish links between the nervous system and electronic or robotic prostheses with the main focus of restoring motor and sensory functions in blind patients. Artificial retinas, one type of neural prostheses we are currently working on, aim to restore some vision in blind patients caused by retinitis picmentosa or macular degeneration, and in the future to restore vision at the level of face recognition, if not more. Currently there is no hermetic microchip-size coating that provides a reliable, long-term (years) performance as encapsulating coating for the artificial retina Si microchip to be implanted inside the eye. This chapter focuses on the critical topics relevant to the development of a robust, long-term artificial retina device, namely the science and technology of hermetic bio-inert encapsulating coatings to protect a Si microchip implanted in the human eye front being attacked by chemicals existing in the eye's saline environment. The work discussed in this chapter is related to the development of a novel ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) hermetic coating, which exhibited no degradation in rabbit eyes. The material synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of these hermetic coatings are reviewed for application as encapsulating coating for the artificial retinal microchips implantable inside the human eye. Our work has shown that UNCD coatings may provide a reliable hermetic bio-inert coating technology for encapsulalation of Si microchips implantable in the eye specifically and in the human body in general. Electrochemical tests of the UNCD films grown under CH4/Ar/H-2 (1%) plasma exhibit the lowest leakage currents (similar to 7 x 10(-7) A/cm(2)) in a saline solution Simulating the eye environment. This leakage is incompatible with the functionality of the first-generation artificial retinal microchip. However, the growth of UNCD on top of the Si microchip passivated by a silicon nitride layer or the oxide layers is also under investigation in our group as introduced in this chapter. The electrochemically induced leakage will be reduced by at least one to three orders of magnitude to the range of 10(-10) A/cm(2), which is compatible with reliable, long-term implants. C1 [Auciello, Orlando] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM auciello@anl.gov; shi@anl.gov NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1618-7210 BN 978-0-387-98119-2 J9 BIOL MED PHYS BIOMED JI Biol. Med. Phys. Biomed. Eng. PY 2010 BP 63 EP 84 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-98120-8_3 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-98120-8 PG 22 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences SC Biophysics; Engineering; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLY84 UT WOS:000271461200003 ER PT S AU Kandagor, V Cela, CJ Sanders, CA Greenbaum, E Lazzi, G Zhou, DD Castro, R Gaikwad, S Little, J AF Kandagor, Vincent Cela, Carlos J. Sanders, Charlene A. Greenbaum, Elias Lazzi, Gianluca Zhou, David D. Castro, Richard Gaikwad, Sanjay Little, Jim BE Zhou, DD Greenbaum, E TI In Situ Characterization of Stimulating Microelectrode Arrays: Study of an Idealized Structure Based on Argus II Retinal implants SO IMPLANTABLE NEURAL PROSTHESES 2: TECHNIQUES AND ENGINEERING APPROACHES SE Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; ELECTRODES AB The development of a retinal prosthesis for artificial sight includes a study of the factors affecting the structural and functional stability of chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. Although neuron depolarization and propagation of electrical signals have been studied for nearly a century, the use of multielectrode stimulation as a proposed therapy to treat blindness is a frontier area of modern ophthalmology research. Mapping and characterizing the topographic information contained in the electric field potentials and understanding how this information is transmitted and interpreted in the visual cortex is still very much a work in progress. In order to characterize the electrical field patterns generated by the device, all ill vitro prototype that mimics several of the physical and chemical parameters of the in vivo visual implant device was fabricated. We carried Out multiple electrical measurements in a model "eye," beginning with a single electrode, followed by a 9-electrode array structure, both idealized components based on the Argus II retinal implants. Correlating the information contained in the topographic features of the electric fields with psychophysical testing in patients may help reduce the time required for patients to convert the electrical patterns into graphic signals. C1 [Kandagor, Vincent; Sanders, Charlene A.; Greenbaum, Elias] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cela, Carlos J.; Lazzi, Gianluca] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhou, David D.; Castro, Richard; Gaikwad, Sanjay; Little, Jim] Second Sight Med Prod Inc, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kandagorvc@ornl.gov; cjcela@ncsu.edu; sandersce@ornl.gov; greenbaum@ornl.gov; lazzi@ncsu.edu; dzhou@2-sight.com; richardc@2-sight.com; sgaikwad@2-sight.com; jiml@2-sight.com; dzhou@2-sight.com; greenbaum@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1618-7210 BN 978-0-387-98119-2 J9 BIOL MED PHYS BIOMED JI Biol. Med. Phys. Biomed. Eng. PY 2010 BP 139 EP 156 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-98120-8_5 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-98120-8 PG 18 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences SC Biophysics; Engineering; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLY84 UT WOS:000271461200005 ER PT S AU Auciello, O AF Auciello, Orlando BE Zhou, DD Greenbaum, E TI Microchip-Embedded Capacitors for Implantable Neural Stimulators SO IMPLANTABLE NEURAL PROSTHESES 2: TECHNIQUES AND ENGINEERING APPROACHES SE Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; K GATE DIELECTRICS; THIN-FILMS; LEAKAGE CURRENT; OXIDES; SI; LAYER; TIO2; GROWTH AB Miniaturization of microchips for implantation in the human body (e.g., microchip for the artificial retina to restore sight to people blinded by retina photoreceptors degeneration) requires the integration of high-capacitance (>= 10 mu F) energy-storage capacitors into the microchip. These capacitors would be based on high-dielectric constant layers, preferably made of materials that are bioinert (not affected by human body fluids) and are biocompatible (do not elicit adverse reactions in the human body). This chapter focuses on reviewing the work being done at Argonne National Laboratory (Materials Science Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials) to develop high-capacitance microchip-embedded capacitors based on novel high-K dielectric layers (TiAlOx or TiO2)/Al2O3 superlattices). The microchip-embedded capacitor provides energy storage and electromagnetic signal coupling needed for neural stimulations. Advances in neural prostheses such as artificial retinas and cochlear implants require miniaturization of device size to minimize tissue damage and improve device/tissue interfaces in the human body. Therefore, development of microchip-embedded capacitors is critical to achieve full-implantable biomedical device miniaturization. C1 [Auciello, Orlando] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Auciello, Orlando] Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM auciello@anl.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1618-7210 BN 978-0-387-98119-2 J9 BIOL MED PHYS BIOMED JI Biol. Med. Phys. Biomed. Eng. PY 2010 BP 331 EP 344 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-98120-8_10 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-98120-8 PG 14 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences SC Biophysics; Engineering; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BLY84 UT WOS:000271461200010 ER PT B AU Narayanan, B Mills, MJ Specht, ED Santella, ML Babu, SS AF Narayanan, B. Mills, M. J. Specht, E. D. Santella, M. L. Babu, S. S. BE Kannengiesser, T Babu, SS Komizo, Y Ramirez, AJ TI Characterization of Solid State Phase Transformation in Continuously Heated and Cooled Ferritic Weld Metal SO IN-SITU STUDIES WITH PHOTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS SCATTERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on In-situ Studies with Photons, Neurtrons and Electron Scattering CY SEP 01-02, 2009 CL Fed Inst Mat Res & Test, Berlin, GERMANY SP Osaka Univ, Brazil Synchrotron Light Natl Lab, Helmholtz Ctr Berlin HO Fed Inst Mat Res & Test ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AUSTENITE; STEEL; SOLIDIFICATION C1 [Narayanan, B.] Lincoln Elect Co, Cleveland, OH 44117 USA. [Mills, M. J.; Babu, S. S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Specht, E. D.; Santella, M. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Columbus, OH USA. RP Narayanan, B (reprint author), Lincoln Elect Co, Cleveland, OH 44117 USA. EM Badri_Narayanan@lincolnelectric.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-14793-7 PY 2010 BP 95 EP 111 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-14794-4_7 PG 17 GA BH0JQ UT WOS:000395362300007 ER PT S AU Farinholt, KM Taylor, SG Park, G Farrar, CR AF Farinholt, K. M. Taylor, S. G. Park, G. Farrar, C. R. BE McMickell, MB Farinholt, KM TI Wireless Energy Transmission to Supplement Energy Harvesters in Sensor Network Applications SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES 2010 SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies CY MAR 08-09, 2010 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engn DE Wireless Energy Transmission; Energy Harvesting; Embedded Sensing AB In this paper we present a method for coupling wireless energy transmission with traditional energy harvesting techniques in order to power sensor nodes for structural health monitoring applications. The goal of this study is to develop a system that can be permanently embedded within civil structures without the need for on-board power sources. Wireless energy transmission is included to supplement energy harvesting techniques that rely on ambient or environmental, energy sources. This approach combines several transducer types that harvest ambient energy with wireless transmission sources, providing a robust solution that does not rely on a single energy source. Experimental results from laboratory and field experiments are presented to address duty cycle limitations of conventional energy harvesting techniques, and the advantages gained by incorporating a wireless energy transmission subsystem. Methods of increasing the efficiency, energy storage medium, target applications and the integrated use of energy harvesting sources with wireless energy transmission will be discussed. C1 [Farinholt, K. M.; Taylor, S. G.; Park, G.; Farrar, C. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farinholt, KM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM farinholt@lanl.com; farinholt@lanl.com RI Taylor, Stuart/B-1347-2013; OI Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8060-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7645 AR 764505 DI 10.1117/12.848790 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BSQ83 UT WOS:000285500400004 ER PT J AU Zalk, DM Kamerzell, R Paik, S Kapp, J Harrington, D Swuste, P AF Zalk, David M. Kamerzell, Ryan Paik, Samuel Kapp, Jennifer Harrington, Diana Swuste, Paul TI Risk Level Based Management System: A Control Banding Model for Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management in a Highly Regulated Environment SO INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Control banding; Qualitative risk assessment; Occupational risk management; Occupational health and safety management system; Risk level approach; Toolbox; Participatory ID PERFORMANCE-MEASUREMENT TOOL; FEATURES AB The Risk Level Based Management System (RLBMS) is an occupational risk management (ORM) model that focuses occupational safety, hygiene, and health (OSHH) resources on the highest risk procedures at work. This article demonstrates the model's simplicity through an implementation within a heavily regulated research institution. The model utilizes control banding strategies with a stratification of four risk levels (RLs) for many commonly performed maintenance and support activities, characterizing risk consistently for comparable tasks. RLBMS creates an auditable tracking of activities, maximizes OSHH professional field time, and standardizes documentation and control commensurate to a given task's RL. Validation of RLs and their exposure control effectiveness is collected in a traditional quantitative collection regime for regulatory auditing. However, qualitative risk assessment methods are also used within this validation process. Participatory approaches are used throughout the RLBMS process. Workers are involved in all phases of building, maintaining, and improving this model. This worker participation also improves the implementation of established controls. C1 [Zalk, David M.; Kamerzell, Ryan; Paik, Samuel; Kapp, Jennifer] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Harrington, Diana] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Consolidated Safety Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Swuste, Paul] Delft Univ Technol, Safety Sci Grp, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. RP Zalk, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-871, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zalk1@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-413441] FX This work performed, in part, under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-JRNL-413441. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU NATL INST OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH, JAPAN PI KAWASAKI KANAGAWA PA 21-1 NAGAO 6-CHOME TAMA-KU, KAWASAKI KANAGAWA, 214, JAPAN SN 0019-8366 J9 IND HEALTH JI Ind. Health PD JAN PY 2010 VL 48 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 550HQ UT WOS:000274119300004 PM 20160404 ER PT J AU Anisimov, AP Dentovskaya, SV Panfertsev, EA Svetoch, TE Kopylov, PK Segelke, BW Zemla, A Telepnev, MV Motin, VL AF Anisimov, Andrey P. Dentovskaya, Svetlana V. Panfertsev, Evgeniy A. Svetoch, Tat'yana E. Kopylov, Pavel Kh. Segelke, Brent W. Zemla, Adam Telepnev, Maxim V. Motin, Vladimir L. TI Amino acid and structural variability of Yersinia pestis LcrV protein SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE LcrV; Yersinia pestis; Polymorphism; 3D structure; Modeling; Oligomerization ID ANTIGEN FUSION PEPTIDE; RECOMBINANT V-ANTIGEN; III SECRETION; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION; LOW-CA2+ RESPONSE; PASSIVE-IMMUNITY; REGULATORY ROLE; PLAGUE; VIRULENCE AB The LcrV protein is a multifunctional virulence factor and protective antigen of the plague bacterium and is generally conserved between the epidemic strains of Yersinia pestis. We investigated the diversity in the LcrV sequences among non-epidemic Y. pestis strains which have a limited virulence in selected animal models and for humans. Sequencing of lcrV genes from 19 Y. pestis strains belonging to different phylogenetic groups (subspecies) showed that the LcrV proteins possess four major variable hotspots at positions 18, 72, 273, and 324-326. These major variations, together with other minor substitutions in amino acid sequences, allowed us to classify the LcrV alleles into five sequence types (A-E). We observed that the strains of different Y. pestis "subspecies" can have the same type of LcrV, including that conserved in epidemic strains, and different types of LcrV can exist within the same natural plague focus. Therefore, the phenomenon of "selective virulence" characteristic of the strains of the microtus biovar is unlikely to be the result of polymorphism of the V antigen. The LcrV polymorphisms were structurally analyzed by comparing the modeled structures of LcrV from all available strains. All changes except one occurred either in flexible regions or on the surface of the protein, but local chemical properties (i.e. those of a hydrophobic, hydrophilic, amphipathic, or charged nature) were conserved across all of the strains. Polymorphisms in flexible and surface regions are likely subject to less selective pressure, and have a limited impact on the structure. In contrast, the substitution of tryptophan at position 113 with either glutamic acid or glycine likely has a serious influence on the regional structure of the protein, and these mutations might have an effect on the function of LcrV. The polymorphisms at positions 18, 72 and 273 were accountable for differences in the oligomerization of LcrV. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anisimov, Andrey P.; Dentovskaya, Svetlana V.; Panfertsev, Evgeniy A.; Svetoch, Tat'yana E.; Kopylov, Pavel Kh.] State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol & Biotechnol, Obolensk 142279, Moscow Region, Russia. [Segelke, Brent W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BACE, Chem Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Segelke, Brent W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BACE, Mat Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Segelke, Brent W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BACE, Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Telepnev, Maxim V.; Motin, Vladimir L.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Motin, Vladimir L.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Anisimov, AP (reprint author), State Res Ctr Appl Microbiol & Biotechnol, Obolensk 142279, Moscow Region, Russia. EM anisimov@obolensk.org; vlmotin@utmb.edu RI Motin, Vladimir/O-1535-2013; Anisimov, Andrey/D-2217-2009; Anisimov, Andrey/H-5257-2012; Dentovskaya, Svetlana/F-4623-2017 OI Anisimov, Andrey/0000-0002-5499-7999; Anisimov, Andrey/0000-0002-5499-7999; Dentovskaya, Svetlana/0000-0002-1996-8949 FU International Science and Technology Center [2426]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-04-00405-a]; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; NIH/NIAID [1R43 AI71634-01A2]; U.S. Department of Energy [W-7405-Eng-48] FX This work was supported by the International Science and Technology Center (project #2426), Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 08-04-00405-a), Sealy Center for Vaccine Development of the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, and the NIH/NIAID grant 1R43 AI71634-01A2. This work was implemented under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. W-7405-Eng-48. NR 82 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 10 IS 1 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.10.003 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 556NX UT WOS:000274599000016 PM 19835996 ER PT S AU Osborn, TD AF Osborn, Thor D. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI Readout IC requirement trends based on a simplified parametric seeker model SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXI CY APR 06-08, 2010 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE FPA; ROIC; ADC; MWIR AB Modern space based optical sensors place substantial demands on the focal plane array readout integrated circuit. Active pixel readout designs offer direct access to individual pixel data but require analog to digital conversion at or near each pixel. Thus, circuit designers must create precise, fundamentally analog circuitry within tightly constrained areas on the integrated circuit. Rapidly changing phenomena necessitate tradeoffs between sampling and conversion speed, data precision, and heat generation adjacent the detector array, especially of concern for thermally sensitive space grade infrared detectors. A simplified parametric model is presented that illustrates seeker system performance and analog to digital conversion requirements trends in the visible through mid-wave infrared, for varying sample rate. Notional limiting-case Earth optical backgrounds were generated using MODTRAN4 with a range of cloud extremes and approximate practical albedo limits for typical surface features from a composite of the Mosart and Aster spectral albedo databases. The dynamic range requirements imposed by these background spectra are discussed in the context of optical band selection and readout design impacts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Osborn, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tdosbor@sandia.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8126-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2010 VL 7662 AR 76620G DI 10.1117/12.849595 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BSO14 UT WOS:000285083100013 ER PT B AU ReVelle, DO AF ReVelle, D. O. BE LePichon, A Blanc, E Hauchecorne, A TI Acoustic-Gravity Waves from Impulsive Sources in the Atmosphere SO INFRASOUND MONITORING FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFRASONIC OBSERVATIONS; SHOCK WAVES; EFFICIENCY; ENTRY; MODEL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Geophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM revelle@lanl.gov NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-9507-8 PY 2010 BP 305 EP 359 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5_11 PG 55 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BNS70 UT WOS:000275431400011 ER PT B AU Mutschlecner, JP Whitaker, RW AF Mutschlecner, J. P. Whitaker, Rodney W. BE LePichon, A Blanc, E Hauchecorne, A TI Some Atmospheric Effects on Infrasound Signal Amplitudes SO INFRASOUND MONITORING FOR ATMOSPHERIC STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Whitaker, Rodney W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Mutschlecner, J. P.] COMPA Ind, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Whitaker, RW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-17 MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rww@larl.gov NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-4020-9507-8 PY 2010 BP 455 EP 474 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-9508-5_14 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BNS70 UT WOS:000275431400014 ER PT S AU Brisse, A Schefold, J Stoots, C O'Brien, J AF Brisse, A. Schefold, J. Stoots, C. O'Brien, J. BE SteinbergerWilckens, R Lehnert, W TI Electrolysis Using Fuel Cell Technology SO INNOVATIONS IN FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES SE RSC Energy and Environment Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE ELECTROLYSIS; SOLID OXIDE CELLS; WATER ELECTROLYSIS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; PERFORMANCE; EVOLUTION; OXYGEN; ENERGY; VAPOR C1 [Brisse, A.; Schefold, J.] European Inst Energy Res, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Stoots, C.; O'Brien, J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Brisse, A (reprint author), European Inst Energy Res, Emmy Noether Str 11, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2044-0774 BN 978-1-84973-033-4 J9 RSC ENERGY ENVIRON S PY 2010 IS 2 BP 267 EP 286 D2 10.1039/9781849732109 PG 20 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BSV80 UT WOS:000285940500009 ER PT S AU Kwong, KS Bennett, J Krabbe, R Petty, A Thomas, H AF Kwong, Kyei Sing Bennett, James Krabbe, Rick Petty, Art Thomas, Hugh BE Munir, ZA Ohji, T Hotta, Y TI MODELING DUAL AND MgO SATURATED EAF SLAG CHEMISTRY SO INNOVATIVE PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Pacific Rim Conference on Ceramic and Glass Technology CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Foamy slag practice has been widely adopted by the EAF industry because it shields the electrical arcs, increases yield, lowers noise levels, prevents radiant energy loss, eliminates arc flares, saves overall energy and extends refractory service life. Foamy slag requires the control of slag chemistry and viscosity to sustain gas bubbles during processing. This is accomplished through the formation of magnesium wustite particles in the slag at the operating temperature. A thermodynamic program, Factsage(TM), was utilized to compute the dual (saturated with CaO and MgO containing phases) and MgO saturated EAF slag chemistry for a 5 component system of MgO CaO FeO SiO2 Al2O3, at steelmaking oxygen partial pressures, temperatures, and slag basicity. The computational results will be analyzed to explore oxygen pressures, temperatures, slag basicity, and Al2O3 effects for creating a model to predict the dual and MgO saturated slag chemistry. C1 [Kwong, Kyei Sing; Bennett, James; Krabbe, Rick; Petty, Art; Thomas, Hugh] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Kwong, KS (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 978-0-470-87646-6 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2010 VL 212 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BTL76 UT WOS:000287224400016 ER PT J AU Corbett, JD AF Corbett, John D. TI Exploratory Synthesis: The Fascinating and Diverse Chemistry of Polar Intermetallic Phases SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ICOSAHEDRAL QUASI-CRYSTAL; EARLY TRANSITION-METALS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; SOLID-STATE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; GOLD SUBSTITUTION; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; RICH; APPROXIMANT; AU AB Exploratory synthetic adventures regarding the inorganic chemistry of polar intermetallic phases have proven to be especially productive of novel compositions, new and unprecedented structures, and unusual bonding regimes. Reactions of diverse elements with widely different electronegativities allow the definition of two opposed classes of products: polycationic or polyanionic clusters or networks of metals paired with the corresponding monatomic anions or cations. These can be usefully viewed as intermetallic "salts", redox products of simpler neutral intermetallic systems but with widely different factors governing their stabilities. Thus, combinations of rare-earth metals alone or with late transition metals form a novel variety of polymetal network structures with relatively isolated telluride (or halide) spacer anions, Similarly, extensions of traditional Zintl phases of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals from the later p elements to the earlier triels, Ga-Tl especially, yield many new and elegant polyanionic structures. The substitution or addition of still earlier p or late d metal components produces still electron-poorer and more condensed polar intermetallic phases with increasingly delocalized bonding, higher coordination numbers, and more unusual structures and bonding. These discoveries have also led to new approaches: electronic tuning via band calculations to generate new families of quasicrystals and their crystalline approximants with their characteristic structural regimes and regularities. Gold as a substituent generates particularly novel bonding in arrays of mixed metals or polygold anionic networks. C1 [Corbett, John D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Corbett, John D.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jcorbett@iastate.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation (DMR) [DMR-0853732] FX The real credits for all of these accomplishments belong to many clever, curious, imaginative, and persistent co-workers; the names of many of the more recent collaborators appear in the references. The cover design was created by one of these, Professor Ling Chen at Fujian Institute (FJIRSM), Fuzhou, China. Oil the financial side, steadfast support from the U.S. Department of Energy (and its predecessor agencies) through the Ames Laboratory has made all of the Zintl phase and triel polyanion Studies possible. In parallel, the National Science Foundation (DMR) has supported the polycation and AC/QC investigations over the last 25 years, presently by means of Grant DMR-0853732. NR 71 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 13 EP 28 DI 10.1021/ic901305g PG 16 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 534ZI UT WOS:000272935800005 PM 19968295 ER PT J AU Nayak, S Roubeau, O Teat, SJ Beavers, CM Gamez, P Reedijk, J AF Nayak, Sanjit Roubeau, Olivier Teat, Simon J. Beavers, Christine M. Gamez, Patrick Reedijk, Jan TI An S-Shaped [Fe4Dy2] Complex Exhibiting Slow Relaxation of Magnetization: Synthesis, Magnetism, and Crystal Structures of a Family of [Fe(4)Ln(2)][Ln] Coordination Compounds (Ln = Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-MOLECULE MAGNETS; CLUSTERS; ANISOTROPY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHEMISTRY; IRON(III); DYNAMICS AB A series of heterobimetallic 3d-4f cluster coordination compounds has been synthesized using a Schiff-base ligand (H3L), a trinuclear iron(III) precursor complex and lanthanide nitrates as reactants. Five new isostructural complexes were prepared with the ligand in 4 different forms, i.e., neutral and 3 different levels of deprotonation, and with the general formula (Fe(4)(III)Ln(2)(III)(H2L)(2)(HL)(2)L-2(CH3OH)(2)((CH3)(3)CCOO)(2)(NO3)(2)][Ln(III)(NO3)(4)(H3L)(CH3OH)]center dot NO3 center dot H2O, where Ln is Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho for compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The single-crystal structures of two complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction, consisting of an original [Fe(4)(III)Ln(2)(III)](2+) moiety with a linear S-shaped [Ln-Fe-4-Ln] core and an isolated Ln(III) ion coordinated by nitrate anions and the neutral Schiff-base ligand. The isostructural nature of all five coordination compounds is further illustrated both by XRPD and IR analysis. Magnetic properties of all five compounds have been studied and are discussed in light of magnetostructural considerations. Among these five compounds, the Dy (4) cluster shows frequency-dependent ac-susceptibility indicative of probable single-molecule magnet behavior. C1 [Nayak, Sanjit; Gamez, Patrick; Reedijk, Jan] Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Teat, Simon J.; Beavers, Christine M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Roubeau, Olivier] CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. [Roubeau, Olivier] Univ Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Reedijk, J (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Leiden Inst Chem, POB 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. EM reedijk@chem.leidenuniv.nl RI Beavers, Christine/C-3539-2009; Nayak, Sanjit/C-4591-2011; Roubeau, Olivier/A-6839-2010; Reedijk, Jan/F-1992-2010; Gamez, Patrick/B-3610-2012 OI Beavers, Christine/0000-0001-8653-5513; Nayak, Sanjit/0000-0002-0342-9860; Roubeau, Olivier/0000-0003-2095-5843; Reedijk, Jan/0000-0002-6739-8514; Gamez, Patrick/0000-0003-2602-9525 FU FP6 Network of Excellence [515767]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Financial support and help from the FP6 Network of Excellence "Magmanet" is kindly acknowledged, (contract number 515767). The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 37 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 216 EP 221 DI 10.1021/ic901781a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 534ZI UT WOS:000272935800024 PM 19954164 ER PT J AU Harrington, R Hausner, DB Bhandari, N Strongin, DR Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Middlemiss, DS Grey, CP Parise, JB AF Harrington, Richard Hausner, Douglas B. Bhandari, Narayan Strongin, Daniel R. Chapman, Karena W. Chupas, Peter J. Middlemiss, Derek S. Grey, Clare P. Parise, John B. TI Investigation of Surface Structures by Powder Diffraction: A Differential Pair Distribution Function Study on Arsenate Sorption on Ferrihydrite SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDE MINERALS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PRUSSIAN BLUE; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; MECHANISM; ARSENITE AB Differential pair distribution function (d-PDF) analysis of high energy powder X-ray diffraction data was carried out on 2-line ferrihydrite nanoparticles with arsenate oxyanions adsorbed on the surface to investigate the binding mechanism. In this analysis, a PDF of ferrihydrite is subtracted from a PDF of ferrihydrite with arsenate sorbed on the surface, leaving only correlations from within the surface layer and between the surface and the particle. As-O and As-Fe correlations were observed at 1.68 and 3.29 angstrom, respectively, in good agreement with previously published EXAFS data, confirming a bidentate binuclear binding mechanism. Further peaks are observed in the d-PDF which are not present in EXAFS, corresponding to correlations between As and O in the particle and As-2nd Fe. C1 [Harrington, Richard; Parise, John B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Hausner, Douglas B.; Bhandari, Narayan; Strongin, Daniel R.] Temple Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Chapman, Karena W.; Chupas, Peter J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Harrington, Richard; Middlemiss, Derek S.; Grey, Clare P.; Parise, John B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Harrington, R (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM richard.harrington@stonybrook.edu RI Chapman, Karena/G-5424-2012; Bhandari, Narayan/I-8377-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) through Collaborative Research in Chemistry (CRC) [CHE0714183]; NSF [CHE0714121]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank David Sherman for information regarding the clusters used in his paper with Simon Randall in 2003. We acknowledge Financial support provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through Collaborative Research in Chemistry (CRC), Grant CHE0714183. D.R.S. acknowledges Support from the NSF (CHE0714121). Work done at Argonne and use of the Advanced Photon Source Was Supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No, DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 45 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 1 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1021/ic9022695 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 534ZI UT WOS:000272935800037 PM 19968252 ER PT S AU Dubois, DL Dubois, MR Ringenberg, MR Rauchfuss, TB AF Dubois, Daniel L. Dubois, Mary Rakowski Ringenberg, Mark R. Rauchfuss, Thomas B. BE Rauchfuss, TB TI NICKEL COMPLEXES OF BIS(DIETHYLPHOSPHINOMETHYL)METHYLAMINE SO INORGANIC SYNTHESES, VOL 35 SE Inorganic Syntheses LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HYDRIDE DONOR ABILITIES; DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; IRON(II) COMPLEXES; PROTON-TRANSFER; HYDROGEN; LIGANDS; NI; CATALYSTS; BASES; SPHERE C1 [Dubois, Daniel L.; Dubois, Mary Rakowski] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ringenberg, Mark R.; Rauchfuss, Thomas B.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Dubois, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0073-8077 BN 978-0-470-65156-8 J9 INORG SYN PY 2010 VL 35 BP 132 EP 137 D2 10.1002/9780470651568 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BSE30 UT WOS:000284266700033 ER PT B AU Greitzer, FL Frincke, DA AF Greitzer, Frank L. Frincke, Deborah A. BE Probst, CW Hunker, J Gollmann, D Bishop, M TI Combining Traditional Cyber Security Audit Data with Psychosocial Data: Towards Predictive Modeling for Insider Threat Mitigation SO INSIDER THREATS IN CYBER SECURITY SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WORKPLACE AB The purpose of this chapter is to motivate the combination of traditional cyber security audit data with psychosocial data, to support a move from an insider threat detection stance to one that enables prediction of potential insider presence. Two distinctive aspects of the approach are the objective of predicting or anticipating potential risks and the use of organizational data in addition to cyber data to support the analysis. The chapter describes the challenges of this endeavor and reports on progress in defining a usable set of predictive indicators, developing a framework for integrating the analysis of organizational and cyber security data to yield predictions about possible insider exploits, and developing the knowledge base and reasoning capability of the system. We also outline the types of errors that one expects in a predictive system versus a detection system and discuss how those errors can affect the usefulness of the results. C1 [Greitzer, Frank L.; Frincke, Deborah A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greitzer, FL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM frank.greitzer@pnl.gov; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7132-6 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2010 VL 49 BP 85 EP 113 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7133-3_5 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7133-3 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQJ25 UT WOS:000281159100005 ER PT B AU Bishop, M Engle, S Frincke, DA Gates, C Greitzer, FL Peisert, S Whalen, S AF Bishop, Matt Engle, Sophie Frincke, Deborah A. Gates, Carrie Greitzer, Frank L. Peisert, Sean Whalen, Sean BE Probst, CW Hunker, J Gollmann, D Bishop, M TI A Risk Management Approach to the "Insider Threat" SO INSIDER THREATS IN CYBER SECURITY SE Advances in Information Security LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Recent surveys indicate that the financial impact and operating losses due to insider intrusions are increasing. But these studies often disagree on what constitutes an "insider;" indeed, many define it only implicitly. In theory, appropriate selection of, and enforcement of, properly specified security policies should prevent legitimate users from abusing their access to computer systems, information, and other resources. However, even if policies could be expressed precisely, the natural mapping between the natural language expression of a security policy, and the expression of that policy in a form that can be implemented on a computer system or network, creates gaps in enforcement. This paper defines "insider" precisely, in terms of these gaps, and explores an access-based model for analyzing threats that include those usually termed "insider threats." This model enables an organization to order its resources based on the business value for that resource and of the information it contains. By identifying those users with access to high-value resources, we obtain an ordered list of users who can cause the greatest amount of damage. Concurrently with this, we examine psychological indicators in order to determine which users are at the greatest risk of acting inappropriately. We conclude by examining how to merge this model with one of forensic logging and auditing. C1 [Bishop, Matt; Engle, Sophie; Peisert, Sean; Whalen, Sean] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Frincke, Deborah A.; Greitzer, Frank L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bishop, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Comp Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM bishop@cs.ucdavis.edu; sjengle@ucdavis.edu; deborah.frincke@pnl.gov; carrie.gates@ca.com; frank.greitzer@pnl.gov; peisert@cs.ucdavis.edu; shwhalen@ucdavis.edu; bishop@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-7132-6 J9 ADV INFORM SECUR PY 2010 VL 49 BP 115 EP 137 DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7133-3_6 D2 10.1007/978-1-4419-7133-3 PG 23 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQJ25 UT WOS:000281159100006 ER PT B AU Vasconcelos, PB Marques, O Roman, JE AF Vasconcelos, P. B. Marques, O. Roman, J. E. BE Constanda, C Perez, ME TI High-Performance Computing for Spectral Approximations SO INTEGRAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING VOL 2: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Integral Methods in Science and Engineering CY JUL 07-10, 2008 CL Univ Cantabria, Santander, SPAIN SP Univ Cantabria, Ministerio Ciencia Innovac, Soc Reg Cantabra IDi, iMath Consolider, Caja Burgos, Consejeria Cultura, Turismo Deporte Gobierno Cantabria, Ayuntamiento Santander, Soc Espanola Matematica Aplicada, MICINN HO Univ Cantabria ID EIGENVALUE C1 [Vasconcelos, P. B.] Univ Porto, Oporto, Portugal. [Marques, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Roman, J. E.] Univ Politecn Valencia, Valencia, Spain. RP Vasconcelos, PB (reprint author), Univ Porto, Oporto, Portugal. EM pjv@fep.up.pt; oamarques@lbl.gov; jroman@dsic.upv.es RI Vasconcelos, Paulo/A-8772-2008; OI Vasconcelos, Paulo/0000-0002-7132-880X; Roman, Jose E./0000-0003-1144-6772 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 USA BN 978-0-8176-4896-1 PY 2010 BP 351 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4897-8_33 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BQY58 UT WOS:000282106500033 ER PT S AU Boye, RR Peters, DW Wendt, JR Shul, RJ Samora, S Rich, SG Carter, T Lentine, AL Kellogg, RA Kemme, SA AF Boye, R. R. Peters, D. W. Wendt, J. R. Shul, R. J. Samora, S. Rich, S. G. Carter, Tony Lentine, A. L. Kellogg, R. A. Kemme, S. A. BE Broquin, JE Greiner, CM TI Application of resonant subwavelength gratings to a rotary position encoder SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies XIV CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Subwavelength; diffractive optical element; resonant grating; guided mode resonance filter ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; IMPLEMENTATION; FILTERS AB Resonant subwavelength gratings have proven to be excellent devices for producing narrow resonances useful for filtering applications. In this paper we discuss the use of RSGs in a rotary position encoder intended for use in harsh environments. To avoid problems with routing electrical signals to the encoder, a single fiber optic connection is used to address the device with multiplexed wavelengths corresponding to position bits. Each wavelength has a corresponding RSG that is patterned in the appropriate position locations. A demonstration device utilizing RSGs with TiO(2) and SiO(2) films on a silicon substrate will be presented. The design and modeling effort provided several RSGs with resonances addressable by a single tunable laser source. Since multimode fiber is used to route the optical signals, the gratings were designed to be polarization insensitive. Additionally, the individual RSGs accommodate significant wavelength shifts to simplify the integration of the encoder system. The fabrication of the devices was based on electron beam lithography and details of this work will be presented. Measurements of the individual RSGs as well as a demonstration of the determination of rotary position using these gratings will be shown. C1 [Boye, R. R.; Peters, D. W.; Wendt, J. R.; Shul, R. J.; Lentine, A. L.; Kellogg, R. A.; Kemme, S. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boye, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8000-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7604 AR 76040P DI 10.1117/12.842673 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSH14 UT WOS:000284398000021 ER PT S AU Gin, AV Kemme, SA Boye, RR Peters, DW Ihlefeld, JF Briggs, RD Wendt, JR Ellis, AR Marshall, LH Carter, TR Hunker, JD Samora, S AF Gin, A. V. Kemme, S. A. Boye, R. R. Peters, D. W. Ihlefeld, J. F. Briggs, R. D. Wendt, J. R. Ellis, A. R. Marshall, L. H. Carter, T. R. Hunker, J. D. Samora, S. BE Broquin, JE Greiner, CM TI HIGH SPEED OPTICAL FILTERING USING ACTIVE RESONANT SUBWAVELENGTH GRATINGS SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies XIV CY JAN 25-27, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Active Filter; Multi-color; Resonant Subwavelength Grating; Optical Device ID THIN-FILMS AB In this work, we describe the most recent progress towards the device modeling, fabrication, testing and system integration of active resonant subwavelength grating (RSG) devices. Passive RSG devices have been a subject of interest in subwavelength-structured surfaces (SWS) in recent years due to their narrow spectral response and high quality filtering performance. Modulating the bias voltage of interdigitated metal electrodes over an electrooptic thin film material enables the RSG components to act as actively tunable high-speed optical filters. The filter characteristics of the device can be engineered using the geometry of the device grating and underlying materials. Using electron beam lithography and specialized etch techniques, we have fabricated interdigitated metal electrodes on an insulating layer and BaTiO(3) thin film on sapphire substrate. With bias voltages of up to 100V, spectral red shifts of several nanometers are measured, as well as significant changes in the reflected and transmitted signal intensities around the 1.55um wavelength. Due to their small size and lack of moving parts, these devices are attractive for high speed spectral sensing applications. We will discuss the most recent device testing results as well as comment on the system integration aspects of this project. C1 [Gin, A. V.; Kemme, S. A.; Boye, R. R.; Peters, D. W.; Ihlefeld, J. F.; Briggs, R. D.; Wendt, J. R.; Ellis, A. R.; Marshall, L. H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gin, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM agin@sandia.gov RI Ihlefeld, Jon/B-3117-2009; Gin, Aaron/E-3647-2010 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8000-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2010 VL 7604 AR 76040N DI 10.1117/12.842681 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BSH14 UT WOS:000284398000019 ER PT S AU Kasiviswanathan, SP Pan, F AF Kasiviswanathan, Shiva Prasad Pan, Feng BE Lodi, A Milano, M Toth, P TI Matrix Interdiction Problem SO INTEGRATION OF AI AND OR TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING FOR COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Bologna, ITALY ID NETWORK INTERDICTION; PATH; MODEL AB In the matrix interdiction problem, a real-valued matrix and an integer k is given. The objective is to remove a set of k matrix columns that minimizes in the residual matrix the sum of the row values, where the value of a row is defined to be the largest entry in that row. This combinatorial problem is closely related to bipartite network interdiction problem that can be applied to minimize the probability that an adversary can successfully smuggle weapons. After introducing the matrix interdiction problem, we study the computational complexity of this problem. We show that the matrix interdiction problem is NP-hard and that there exists a constant gamma such that it is even NP-hard to approximate this problem within an n(gamma) additive factor. We also present an algorithm for this problem that achieves an (n - k) multiplicative approximation ratio. C1 [Kasiviswanathan, Shiva Prasad; Pan, Feng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kasiviswanathan, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kasivisw@lanl.gov; fpan@lanl.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13519-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6140 BP 219 EP 231 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPP98 UT WOS:000279617200025 ER PT S AU Van Hentenryck, P Bent, R Coffrin, C AF Van Hentenryck, Pascal Bent, Russell Coffrin, Carleton BE Lodi, A Milano, M Toth, P TI Strategic Planning for Disaster Recovery with Stochastic Last Mile Distribution SO INTEGRATION OF AI AND OR TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRAINT PROGRAMMING FOR COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems CY JUN 14-18, 2010 CL Bologna, ITALY ID LOCATION-ROUTING PROBLEM; RELIEF; LOGISTICS AB This paper considers the single commodity allocation problem (SCAP) for disaster recovery, a fundamental problem faced by all populated areas. SCAPs are complex stochastic optimization problems that combine resource allocation, warehouse routing, and parallel fleet routing. Moreover, these problems must be solved under tight runtime constraints to be practical in real-world disaster situations. This paper formalizes the specification of SCAPs and introduces a novel multi-stage hybrid-optimization algorithm that utilizes the strengths of mixed integer programming, constraint programming, and large neighborhood search. The algorithm was validated on hurricane disaster scenarios generated by Los Alamos National Laboratory using state-of-the-art disaster simulation tools and is deployed to aid federal organizations in the US. C1 [Van Hentenryck, Pascal; Coffrin, Carleton] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Bent, Russell] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Van Hentenryck, P (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-13519-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2010 VL 6140 BP 318 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BPP98 UT WOS:000279617200035 ER PT J AU Bissell, M AF Bissell, Mina TI Integrative Biology Editorial 2010 SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL JI Integr. Biol. PY 2010 VL 2 IS 1 BP 9 EP 9 DI 10.1039/b923760g PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 543KP UT WOS:000273576400001 PM 20473406 ER PT J AU Warnick, W AF Warnick, Walter TI Federated search as a transformational technology enabling knowledge discovery: the role of WorldWideScience.org SO INTERLENDING & DOCUMENT SUPPLY LA English DT Article DE Information retrieval; Search engines; United States of America AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe the work of the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) in the US Department of Energy Office of Science and OSTI's development of the powerful search engine, WorldWideScience.org. With tools such as Science.gov and WorldWideScience.org, the patron gains access to multiple, geographically dispersed deep web databases and can search all of the constituent sources with a single query. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is both historical and descriptive. Findings - That WorldWideScience.org fills a unique niche in discovering scientific material in an information landscape that includes search engines such as Google and Google Scholar. Originality/value - This is one of the few papers to describe in depth the important work being done by the US Office of Scientific and Technical Information in the field of search and discovery. C1 US DOE, Off Sci & Tech Informat, Germantown, MD USA. RP Warnick, W (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci & Tech Informat, Germantown, MD USA. EM walter.warnick@science.doe.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-1615 J9 INTERLEND DOC SUPPLY JI Interlend. Doc. Supply PY 2010 VL 38 IS 2 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1108/02641611011047150 PG 11 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 627EM UT WOS:000280022300004 ER PT J AU Xu, M Ye, YY Morris, JR Sordelet, DJ Kramer, MJ AF Xu, Min Ye, Y. Y. Morris, J. R. Sordelet, D. J. Kramer, M. J. TI In situ observation of thermal expansion of tetragonal C11b phase in Zr2Cu(1-x)Pdx alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Anisotropy; Crystal chemistry of intermetallics; Electronic structure of metals and alloys; Thermal stability; Diffraction ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; METALLIC GLASSES; AB-INITIO; CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR; VEGARDS LAW; ZR-PD; DEVITRIFICATION; TRANSFORMATION; DEVIATION AB The C11b phase crystalline structure (structure type MoSi2, space group 14/mmm) in the Zr2Cu(1-x)Pdx (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) alloys was examined in situ using high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) and Rietveld refinement of the data obtained at a constant heating rate. While the cell volume increases with increasing Pd as expected by the larger atomic radii, the coefficients of thermal expansion (CFEs) do not follow a uniform trend. The bonding in the basal plane is more elastically rigid than along the c-axis for all compositions. The CFE is more anisotropic for Zr2Pd than for Zr2Cu, which is consistent with the first-principles calculations that illustrate the rigidity of c-axis relatively to a-axis to be the less for Zr2Pd. The CTE of the a-axis for Zr2Pd is in fact negative over the temperature range measured. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Min; Sordelet, D. J.; Kramer, M. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Xu, Min; Ye, Y. Y.; Sordelet, D. J.; Kramer, M. J.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Morris, J. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ye, Y. Y.] Wuhan Univ, Ctr Anal & Testing, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China. [Morris, J. R.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Kramer, MJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM minxu@iastate.edu RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR-22725]; Iowa State University [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX This research has been sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR-22725 with UT-Battelle and contract and DE-AC02-07CH11358 with Iowa State University. The Midwest Universities Collaborative Access Team (MUCAT) sector at the APS is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, through the Ames Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 8 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.05.016 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515RH UT WOS:000271489900002 ER PT J AU Cheng, JL Chen, G Gao, P Liu, CT Liu, Y AF Cheng, J. L. Chen, G. Gao, P. Liu, C. T. Liu, Y. TI The critical cooling rate and microstructure evolution of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 composites by Bridgman solidification SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Glasses, metallic; Rapid solidification processing; Microstructure ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; FORMING ABILITY; ENHANCED PLASTICITY; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; IMPROVEMENT AB The critical cooling rate and microstructure evolution were experimentally studied at cooling rates between 0.85 and 15.34 K/s by a Bridgman technique in Vit-1 (Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5). Our results show that the sample solidified at the rate above 10.03 K/s was fully amorphous whereas the samples solidified between 1.70 and 10.03 K/s were partially amorphous with crystalline phases, and samples solidified below 1.70 K/s were essentially crystalline. As the cooling rate decreased from 15.34 K/s to 1.82 K/s, the values of T-g and T-x were around 628 K and 702 K, respectively, but the heat of crystallization (Delta H-x) decreased with decreasing cooling rate. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cheng, J. L.; Chen, G.; Gao, P.; Liu, Y.] Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Mat Behav & Design, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China. [Chen, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gao, P.] Shagang Grp Inspect Ctr Phys & Chem, Zhangjiagang 215625, Peoples R China. [Liu, C. T.] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Y.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Mat Behav & Design, Nanjing 210094, Peoples R China. EM cheng1@ornl.gov; gchen@mail.njust.edu.cn; mseliy@nus.edu.sg FU National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [50431030, 50871054]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (50431030 and 50871054). Work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.06.016 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515RH UT WOS:000271489900018 ER PT J AU Stein, F Vogel, SC Eumann, M Palm, M AF Stein, F. Vogel, S. C. Eumann, M. Palm, M. TI Determination of the crystal structure of the epsilon phase in the Fe-Al system by high-temperature neutron diffraction SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Intermetallics; Phase diagrams; Phase identification; Crystallography; Crystal chemistry of intermetallics ID UND MAGNETISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN; TOF DIFFRACTOMETER; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; X-RAY; ALLOYS; ALUMINUM; IRON; CONSTITUTION; HIPPO; LEGIERUNGEN AB The crystal structure of the high-temperature c phase of the Fe-Al system has been determined by in-situ high-temperature neutron diffraction for the first time and the crystallographic parameters have been established by Rietveld refinement of the data. The E phase was found to have a body-centered cubic structure of the Hume-Rothery Cu(5)Zn(8)-type (space group I (4) over bar 3m (No. 217), Z=4, Pearson symbol cl52, Strukturbericht designation D8(2)). Accordingly, the E phase has the formula Fe(5)Al(8). Its lattice parameter is a = 8.9757(2) angstrom at 1120 degrees C, which is 3.02 times that of cubic FeAl (B2) at the same temperature. All fractional atomic coordinates, site occupation factors and interatomic distances were determined and it was examined how this phase can meet the rules for Hume-Rothery-type phases. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Stein, F.; Eumann, M.; Palm, M.] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Vogel, S. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stein, F (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, Max Planck Str 1, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM stein@mpie.de RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The authors would like to thank Mrs Angelika Bobrowski, Mr Gerd Bialkowski and Mr Ulrich Wellms for their help in cutting of the samples, metallographic investigation and EPMA. This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2010 VL 18 IS 1 BP 150 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2009.07.006 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 515RH UT WOS:000271489900025 ER PT S AU Gao, JR Khosropanah, P Baryshev, A Zhang, W Jellema, W Hovenier, JN Klapwijk, TM Paveliev, DG Williams, BS Kumar, S Hu, Q Reno, L Klein, B Hesler, JL AF Gao, J. R. Khosropanah, P. Baryshev, A. Zhang, W. Jellema, W. Hovenier, J. N. Klapwijk, T. M. Paveliev, D. G. Williams, B. S. Kumar, S. Hu, Q. Reno, L. Klein, B. Hesler, J. L. BE Rastogi, PK Hack, E TI Phase-locking of a 2.7-THz quantum cascade laser SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED PHASE MEASUREMENT METHODS IN OPTICS AN IMAGING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Advanced Phase Measurement Methods in Optics and Imaging CY MAY 16-21, 2010 CL Ascona, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, Centro Stefano Franscini DE Phase locking; terahertz; quantum cascade laser; local oscillator ID LOCAL OSCILLATOR; TERAHERTZ; THZ; FREQUENCY; RADIATION; MICROWAVE; RECEIVER AB We successfully realized phase-locking of a 2.7-THz metal-metal waveguide quantum cascade laser (QCL) to a reference, which is generated from an external microwave signal by applying two stages of frequency multiplication. The reference is the 15th harmonic of a signal at 182 GHz, which is produced by a semiconductor superlattice nonlinear device. The signal at 182 GHz is generated by a multiplier-chain (x12) from a microwave synthesizer at similar to 15 GHz. Both QCL laser and reference radiations are coupled into a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer, resulting in a beat signal, which is fed into a phase-lock loop. Spectral analysis of the beat signal confirms that the QCL is phase locked. This result is a crucial demonstration for a QCL used for local oscillator and opens the possibility to extend heterodyne interferometers into the far-infrared range. C1 [Gao, J. R.; Khosropanah, P.; Baryshev, A.; Zhang, W.; Jellema, W.] Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands. [Khosropanah, P.; Hovenier, J. N.; Klapwijk, T. M.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Kavli Inst NanoSci, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Zhang, W.] Natl Astron Observ China, Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ PMO, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Paveliev, D. G.] State Univ Nizhny Novgorod, Radiophy fac, Lab Semicond Devices, Novgorod, Russia. [Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.] MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Res Lab Elect, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Reno, L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Klein, B.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Hesler, J. L.] Virginia Diodes Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22902 USA. RP Gao, JR (reprint author), Univ Groningen, SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Landleven 12, NL-9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands. EM j.r.gao@tudelft.nl FU AFOSR; NASA; NSF; Sandia Corporation [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge NASA-JPL for the use of a W-band power amplifier chain used for spectral tests of Herschel-HIFI and X. Gu for performing the beam measurement shown in figure 2. The work at TU Delft and SRON is partially supported by the AMSTAR project of Radionet. The work at MIT is supported by AFOSR, NASA and the NSF. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the US Dept. of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0783-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1236 BP 173 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3426106 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BRV60 UT WOS:000283749400029 ER PT S AU Daw, CS Finney, CEA AF Daw, C. Stuart Finney, Charles E. A. BE In, V Longhini, P Palacios, A TI Dynamic instabilities in spark-ignited combustion engines with high exhaust gas recirculation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS IN NONLINEAR DYNAMICS (ICAND 2010) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications in Nonlinear Dynamics CY SEP 21-24, 2010 CL Lake Louise, CANADA SP Off Naval Res, Nonlinear Dynam Syst DE combustion instabilities; engines; spark ignition AB We propose a cycle-resolved dynamic model for combustion instabilities in spark-ignition engines operating with high levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). We account for the complex combustion response to cycle-to-cycle feedback by utilizing a global probability distribution that describes the pre-spark state of in-cylinder fuel mixing. The proposed model does a good job of simulating combustion instabilities observed in both lean-fueling engine experiments and in experiments where nitrogen dilution is used to simulate some of the combustion inhibition of EGR. When used to simulate high internal EGR operation, the model exhibits a range of global bifurcations and chaos that appear to be very robust. We use the model to show that it should be possible to reduce high EGR combustion instabilities by switching from internal to external EGR. C1 [Daw, C. Stuart; Finney, Charles E. A.] Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Daw, CS (reprint author), Fuels Engines & Emiss Res Ctr, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, 2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0894-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1339 BP 158 EP 171 DI 10.1063/1.3574854 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BVJ04 UT WOS:000291631600015 ER PT S AU Eggleton, PP AF Eggleton, Peter P. BE Kalogera, V VanderSluys, M TI The Rabbit and the Lion SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BINARIES: IN CELEBRATION OF RON WEBBINK'S 65TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65th Birthday CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Mykonos, GREECE SP Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Nw Univ, EO Haven Professorship Fund C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Eggleton, PP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0869-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1314 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK72 UT WOS:000287171500001 ER PT S AU Kisseleva-Eggleton, L Eggleton, PP AF Kisseleva-Eggleton, Ludmila Eggleton, Peter P. BE Kalogera, V VanderSluys, M TI Multiple Stars and Stellar Evolution SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BINARIES: IN CELEBRATION OF RON WEBBINK'S 65TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65th Birthday CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Mykonos, GREECE SP Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Nw Univ, EO Haven Professorship Fund ID PHOTOELECTRIC RADIAL-VELOCITIES; SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY ORBITS; V838 MONOCEROTIS; SHORT-PERIOD; ELEMENTS; SYSTEMS AB We discuss the incidence of multiplity, particularly among the bright and therefore relatively thoroughly examined stars, and note certain types of (a) binary stars that might be expected to merge, and (b) single stars with characteristics that suggest they may be former binaries that merged. Some Be stars and rapidly rotating red giants seem like possible merger products; and perhaps even some magnetic peculiar stars that are rapidly rotating. C1 [Kisseleva-Eggleton, Ludmila] Express Coll Digital Arts, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Eggleton, Peter P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Kisseleva-Eggleton, L (reprint author), Express Coll Digital Arts, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This study has been carried out under the auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.I gratefully acknowledge the help of the Centre des Donnees Stellaires (Strasbourg), and of the Astronomical Data System. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0869-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1314 BP 128 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK72 UT WOS:000287171500028 ER PT S AU Belle, KE Hoard, DW Howell, SB AF Belle, Kunegunda E. Hoard, D. W. Howell, S. B. BE Kalogera, V VanderSluys, M TI Dust in Intermediate Polars: Light Curves from the Spitzer Space Telescope SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BINARIES: IN CELEBRATION OF RON WEBBINK'S 65TH BIRTHDAY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Binaries: In Celebration of Ron Webbink's 65th Birthday CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Mykonos, GREECE SP Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Nw Univ, EO Haven Professorship Fund DE cataclysmic variables; infrared observations AB Here we present Spitzer 4.5 mu m light curves of two intermediate polars (IPs) - DQ Her and EX Hya - obtained with Cycle 6 observations. Our initial evaluation of the light curves of DQ Her and EX Hya shows that these two IPs exhibit similar behavior as that seen in non-magnetic systems (specifically WZ Sge). The binary eclipses seen in the Spitzer light curves of DQ Her and EX Hya are about three times longer than their optical counterparts, indicating that a reservoir of dust extends beyond the outer edge of the optically visible accretion disk. C1 [Belle, Kunegunda E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTD-5 MS T087, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hoard, D. W.] CALTECH, Spitzer Sci Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Howell, S. B.] Natl Opt Astron Observ, WIYN Observat, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Belle, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTD-5 MS T087, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0869-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2010 VL 1314 BP 204 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BTK72 UT WOS:000287171500039 ER PT S AU Alexander, CS Knudson, MD Hall, CA AF Alexander, C. S. Knudson, M. D. Hall, C. A. BE Takemura, K TI High accuracy Hugoniot measurements at multi-megabar pressure utilizing the Sandia Z accelerator SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JOINT AIRAPT-22 AND HPCJ-50 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint AIRAPT-22 and HPCJ-50 Conference/International Conference on High Pressure Science and Technology CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN ID COMPRESSION; VELOCITIES AB The Hugoniot response of materials is centrally important in the field of high pressure science. Highly accurate Hugoniot measurements not only provide better material references but also allow for the detection of subtle material phenomena. A process has been developed utilizing the Sandia Z accelerator to measure Hugoniot response at multi-megabar pressure resulting in extremely high accuracy data. Key considerations are the use of large surface area flyer plates allowing measurement configurations with multiple targets and diagnostics. This allows for greatly reduced uncertainty in the data. The details of this process are given and each aspect is closely examined focusing on the individual contributions to the overall accuracy of the result. C1 [Alexander, C. S.; Knudson, M. D.; Hall, C. A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alexander, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM calexa@sandia.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 215 AR 012150 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/215/1/012150 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVQ88 UT WOS:000292385100150 ER PT S AU Cynn, H Lipp, M Evans, W Ohishi, Y AF Cynn, Hyunchae Lipp, Magnus Evans, William Ohishi, Yasuo BE Takemura, K TI High pressure crystal structure of PrN SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JOINT AIRAPT-22 AND HPCJ-50 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint AIRAPT-22 and HPCJ-50 Conference/International Conference on High Pressure Science and Technology CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN ID NACL-TYPE STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; LANTHANIDE; NITRIDES; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; BAO AB Compression of PrN yields a phase transformation to a tetragonal structure with similar to 8.8 % volume collapse at similar to 40 GPa at ambient temperature. A refinement reveals a distorted CsCl-like structure for the high pressure phase PrN(II), which is different from the high pressure phases seen among other lanthanide monopnictides. The space group of the new structure is P4/nmm (#129) with Pr in the 2c(0,1/2,0.3546) and N in the 2a(0,0,0) positions. PrN(II) persists to 85 GPa. C1 [Cynn, Hyunchae; Lipp, Magnus; Evans, William] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ohishi, Yasuo] SPring 8 JASRI, Mikazuki, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. RP Cynn, H (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cynn1@llnl.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 215 AR 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/215/1/012010 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVQ88 UT WOS:000292385100010 ER PT S AU Halevy, I Carmon, R Winterrose, ML Yeheskel, O Tiferet, E Ghose, S AF Halevy, I. Carmon, R. Winterrose, M. L. Yeheskel, O. Tiferet, E. Ghose, S. BE Takemura, K TI Pressure-Induced Structural Phase Transitions in Y2O3 Sesquioxide SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JOINT AIRAPT-22 AND HPCJ-50 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint AIRAPT-22 and HPCJ-50 Conference/International Conference on High Pressure Science and Technology CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Tokyo, JAPAN AB Lanthanide sesquioxides (Ln(2)O(3)) display three stable solid phases as a function of temperature. It has been assumed that Y2O3 should display similar crystal structures and phase transitions as other Ln(2)O(3). Recently a new phase transition sequence was reported for Y2O3, contradicting earlier studies. In this work Y2O3 was found to have the same phase transition sequence as other lanthanide sesquioxides (Ln(2)O(3)). Additionally, in this study increasing external pressure has been found to have a similar effect to increasing temperature on crystal structure in Y2O3. At room temperature the first pressure-induced phase transition occured at similar to 13 GPa, in which the symmetry changed from cubic to monoclinic symmetry. The symmetry then changed from monoclinic to hexagonal at 24.5 GPa. The sequence of phase transitions was not reversible upon pressure release. With decreasing pressure only a single phase transition occurred, from hexagonal to monoclinic symmetry. C1 [Halevy, I.; Winterrose, M. L.] CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Halevy, I.; Yeheskel, O.; Tiferet, E.] Nucl Res Ctr Negev, Dept Phys, Beer Sheva, Israel. [Carmon, R.] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mat Sci, I-84105 Salerno, Italy. [Ghose, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Halevy, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 215 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/215/1/012003 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVQ88 UT WOS:000292385100003 ER PT S AU Bauer, ED Sidorov, VA Lee, H Kurita, N Ronning, F Movshovich, R Thompson, JD AF Bauer, E. D. Sidorov, V. A. Lee, H. Kurita, N. Ronning, F. Movshovich, R. Thompson, J. D. BE Goll, G Lohneysen, HV Loidl, A Pruschke, T Richter, M Schultz, L Surgers, C Wosnitza, J TI Coexistence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in CePt(2)In(7) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM (ICM 2009) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2009) CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY ID MAGNETISM; PRESSURE; CERHIN5 AB The physical properties of CePt(2)In(7) are presented at pressures up to 3.12 Gpa. Antiferromagnetic order occurs at T(N) = 505 K at ambient pressure and first increases with pressure up to P similar to 1.5 GPa, then decreases with further applied pressure up to 3.12 GPa. Another feature, attributed to superconductivity, is observed at 1 K at 1 GPa in the specific heat that grows in magnitude and increases to 2.1 K when the magnetism is weak at 3.12 GPa. Therefore, CePt(2)In(7) displays an evolution with pressure and a coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity that is remarkably similar to that of the heavy fermion superconductor CeRhIn(5) C1 [Bauer, E. D.; Sidorov, V. A.; Lee, H.; Kurita, N.; Ronning, F.; Movshovich, R.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bauer, ED (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM edbauer@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; OI Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 200 AR UNSP 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/200/1/012011 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BVE58 UT WOS:000291321300011 ER PT S AU Weber, F Castellan, JP Rosenkranz, S Osborn, R Rosenmann, D Iavarone, M AF Weber, F. Castellan, J. -P. Rosenkranz, S. Osborn, R. Rosenmann, D. Iavarone, M. BE Goll, G Lohneysen, HV Loidl, A Pruschke, T Richter, M Schultz, L Surgers, C Wosnitza, J TI Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy in Co0.013NbSe2 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MAGNETISM (ICM 2009) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Magnetism (ICM 2009) CY JUL 26-31, 2009 CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY SP Univ Karlsruhe, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, City Karlsruhe, German Natl Sci Fdn, European Commission COST MPNS ID CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE; IFEFFIT AB We present a study of the local environment of the Co atom in single crystalline CoxNbSe2, x=0.013, via Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurements at the Co K-edge (7.7 keV) at various temperatures. Co intercalation quickly suppresses superconductivity and the charge-density wave (CDW) present in pure NbSe2. In order to study the effect of impurities on superconducting and CDW states one has to verify the random distribution of the intercalated atoms in contrast to possible clustering which could lead to additional, e.g. magnetic, interactions in the case of Co intercalation. Our measurements show that the Co atoms are indeed randomly distributed in Co0.013NbSe2. C1 [Weber, F.; Castellan, J. -P.; Rosenkranz, S.; Osborn, R.; Rosenmann, D.; Iavarone, M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Weber, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM fweber@anl.gov RI Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 200 AR 012224 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/200/1/012224 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BVE58 UT WOS:000291321301040 ER PT S AU Braga, MH Acatrinei, A Hartl, M Vogel, S Proffen, T Daemen, L AF Braga, M. H. Acatrinei, A. Hartl, M. Vogel, S. Proffen, Th Daemen, L. GP IOP TI New Promising Hydride Based on the Cu-Li-Mg System SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID HYDROGEN; MAGNESIUM; MG2NIH4; ALLOYS AB We investigated the ternary Cu-Li-Mg system, in particular the CuLi(x)Mg(2-x) (x = 0.08) for hydrogen storage. Instead of crystallizing in an orthorhombic phase, as CuMg(2), this phase presents a hexagonal structure very similar to that of NiMg(2) and NiMg(2)H(0.3). In this work we will discuss the structure of CuLi(x)Mg(2-x) by the analysis of the neutron scattering data and first principles calculations. The first results for a hydride (deuteride) phase will also mentioned since preliminary studies at LANSCE showed that CuLi(x)Mg(2-x) might absorb approximately 5.3 to 6 wt% of H at an equilibrium pressure of approximately 27 bar at 200 degrees C. If these results are confirmed in future work, this will mean that, not only CuLixMg2-x absorbs a considerable amount of hydrogen (close to DOE's expectations for hydrogen storage materials), but also will probably release it at a temperature in the range of 50 to 150 degrees C, where applications are easier to develop. Hence it should be possible to use this alloy with fuel cells or in batteries. Another important observation is that cycling has a strong effect on the structure of the hydride. C1 [Braga, M. H.; Acatrinei, A.; Hartl, M.; Vogel, S.; Proffen, Th; Daemen, L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Braga, MH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Mail Stop H805, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbraga@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Braga, Maria Helena/A-2491-2014; Hartl, Monika/F-3094-2014; Proffen, Thomas/B-3585-2009; Hartl, Monika/N-4586-2016; OI Braga, Maria Helena/0000-0003-4577-2154; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Proffen, Thomas/0000-0002-1408-6031; Hartl, Monika/0000-0002-6601-7273; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012040 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012040 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100040 ER PT S AU Cardoso, MB Smolensky, D Heller, WT O'Neill, H AF Cardoso, Mateus B. Smolensky, Dmitriy Heller, William T. O'Neill, Hugh GP IOP TI Investigation of detergent effects on the solution structure of spinach Light Harvesting Complex II SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; A/B PROTEIN COMPLEX; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION; STATE AB The properties of spinach light harvesting complex II (LHC II), stabilized in the detergents Triton X-100 (TX100) and n-Octyl-beta-D-Glucoside (BOG), were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The LHC II-BOG scattering curve overlaid well with the theoretical scattering curve generated from the crystal structure of LHC II indicating that the protein preparation was in its native functional state. On the other hand, the simulated LHC II curve deviated significantly from the LHC II-TX100 experimental data. Analysis by circular dichroism spectroscopy supported the SANS analysis and showed that LHC II-TX100 is inactivated. This investigation has implications for extracting and stabilizing photosynthetic membrane proteins for the development of biohybrid photoconversion devices. C1 [Cardoso, Mateus B.; Smolensky, Dmitriy; Heller, William T.; O'Neill, Hugh] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cardoso, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hellerwt@ornl.gov; oneillhm@ornl.gov RI Cardoso, Mateus/A-7926-2015; OI Cardoso, Mateus/0000-0003-2102-1225; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012041 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012041 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100041 ER PT S AU Carpenter, JM Agamalian, M AF Carpenter, John M. Agamalian, Michael GP IOP TI Aiming for the theoretical limit of sensitivity of Bonse-Hart USANS instruments SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CRYSTALS; DIFFRACTOMETER; CURVES AB The basis of the Double-Crystal Diffractometer (DCD), used for ultra-small angle neutron scattering (USANS), is that the reflectivity function is very near 1.0 for vertical bar y vertical bar < 1, where y = (theta - theta(B))/delta Theta(D), falls off rapidly for vertical bar y vertical bar > 1, eventually decreasing as y(-2). In the Bonse-Hart multi-bounce crystal the reflectivity function R(y) transforms into R-m(y) and in the wings, for large |y|, theoretically decreases as y(-2)m after m consecutive Bragg reflections inside the channel-cut crystal. Here theta and theta(B) are respectively the diffraction angle and the Bragg angle (for given wavelength) and delta Theta(D) is the width of the Darwin plateau. However, the experimental reflectivity R-exp(m)(y) obtained for m = 3 exceeds the theoretical prediction by over two orders of magnitude in the range of the far wings, which creates limitations for USANS studies of weakly scattering objects. We used the pulsed-source neutron time-of-flight (TOF) technique to study this discrepancy in more detail. Two identical Si(111) crystals, a slab-shaped single-bounce and a channel-cut triple-bounce, were measured at the nominal Bragg angle theta(B) = 24.4 degrees in the TOF powder diffractometer GPPD at IPNS, in the range 0.2 < lambda < 4.0 angstrom of the first seven Bragg reflections from Si(111) family. Cadmium shielding protected the detectors from view of the first-bounce crystal. The experimental data obtained from the single-bounce crystal shows thermal diffuse (phonon) scattering (TDS) filling the region between the Bragg reflections, and exhibiting the symmetry of the reciprocal lattice. With appropriate shielding installed, the triple-bounce Bragg reflections, in contrast, are TDS-free in the range 0.6 < lambda < 3.0 angstrom; however, the intensity of TDS grows in the range lambda < 0.5 angstrom, reaching the level of TDS registered for the single-bounce reflections (777) and (888). The growth of TDS correlates with the increase of the Cd transmission T(lambda) in the range 0.2 < lambda < 0.5 angstrom, which in the vicinity of (888) reflection is T(lambda) approximate to 0.9. Therefore, the Cd shielding of the triple-bounce crystal becomes ineffective and the parasitic single-bounce back-face reflection and TDS, blocked for 0.5 < lambda < 3.0 angstrom, reappear for lambda < 0.5 angstrom. It is practically impossible to separate this parasitic scattering from the triple-bounce reflection at steady state neutron beam lines except by the use of highly curved neutron guides. However, the TOF-USANS instrument, which is currently under construction at SNS, allows separation of the orders of Bragg reflections and the residual TDS in time-of-flight and thus the discovered parasitic effect cannot compromise its sensitivity. Thus, we expect to approach the theoretical limit of sensitivity for the SNS TOF-USANS instrument. C1 [Carpenter, John M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jmcarpenter@anl.gov OI Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012056 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012056 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100056 ER PT S AU Christen, HM MacDougall, GJ Kim, HS Kim, DH Boatner, LA Bennett, CJC Zarestky, JL Nagler, SE AF Christen, H. M. MacDougall, G. J. Kim, H-S Kim, D. H. Boatner, L. A. Bennett, C. J. Callender Zarestky, J. L. Nagler, S. E. GP IOP TI Potassium tantalate substrates for neutron experiments on antiferromagnetic perovskite films SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID POWDER DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION AB For the study of antiferromagnetism in thin-film materials, neutron diffraction is a particularly important tool, especially since magnetometry experiments are often complicated by the substrate's strong diamagnetic or paramagnetic contribution. However, the substrate, by necessity, has a lattice parameter that is very similar to that of the film, and in most cases is over 1000 times more massive than the film. Therefore, even weak structural distortions in the substrate crystal may complicate the analysis of magnetic scattering from the film. Here we show that in contrast to most other perovskite substrates (including SrTiO3, LaAlO3, etc.), KTaO3 provides a uniquely appropriate substrate platform for magnetic diffraction experiments on epitaxial oxide films. C1 [Christen, H. M.; Kim, H-S; Kim, D. H.; Boatner, L. A.; Bennett, C. J. Callender] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Christen, HM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM christenhm@ornl.gov RI Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013; OI Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594; MacDougall, Gregory/0000-0002-7490-9650 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012021 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012021 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100021 ER PT S AU Crawford, RK Dean, R Ferguson, P Galambos, J Gallmeier, F McManamy, T Rennich, M AF Crawford, R. K. Dean, R. Ferguson, P. Galambos, J. Gallmeier, F. McManamy, T. Rennich, M. GP IOP TI The Second Target Station at the ORNL Spallation Neutron Source SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB After the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) construction project was completed in June, 2006, development of plans to construct a second target station (STS) at SNS began. These plans have evolved to the establishment of a reference concept for a STS and associated neutron beam instruments, and the evaluation of the expected performance for this station, all of which have been documented in a White Paper. Based on this White Paper, the Department of Energy has approved development of a detailed conceptual design leading to a construction project for the STS. The STS reference design is based on pulse stealing from the 60 Hz SNS accelerator system, with one pulse of every three going to the STS and the other two going to the first target station. The STS would operate in long-proton-pulse mode with no pulse compression in the accumulator ring, and would be optimized for production of intense beams of cold neutrons. The reference concept for the STS and the estimated performance for this concept will be discussed C1 [Crawford, R. K.; Dean, R.; Ferguson, P.; Galambos, J.; Gallmeier, F.; McManamy, T.; Rennich, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Crawford, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM crawfordrk@ornl.gov OI Rennich, Mark/0000-0001-6945-0075; Ferguson, Phillip/0000-0002-7661-4223 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012054 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012054 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100054 ER PT S AU Ehlers, G Mamontov, E AF Ehlers, G. Mamontov, E. GP IOP TI Low Lying Spin Excitation in the Spin Ice, Ho(2)Ti(2)O(7) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID CROSSOVER AB The high flux and low background of the new backscattering spectrometer at the SNS combine to produce an excellent signal to noise ratio, allowing us to investigate a low lying weak excitation never seen before in the spin ice, Ho(2)Ti(2)O(7). This non-dispersive excitation has been observed at E = 26.3 mu eV below 100 K but is resolution limited only below similar to 65 K. It is indifferent to magnetic fields below mu(0)H - 4.5 T, at 1.6 K. These characteristics help us to identify the excitation as due to the nuclear spin system. C1 [Ehlers, G.; Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ehlers, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM ehlersg@ornl.gov RI Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012003 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100003 ER PT S AU Frost, M Hoffmann, C Thomison, J Overbay, M Austin, M Carman, P Viola, R Miller, E Mosier, L AF Frost, Matthew Hoffmann, Christina Thomison, Jack Overbay, Mark Austin, Michael Carman, Peter Viola, Robert Miller, Echo Mosier, Lisa GP IOP TI Initial testing of a Compact Crystal Positioning System for the TOPAZ Single-Crystal Diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB A precise, versatile, and automated method of orienting a sub-millimeter crystal in a focused neutron beam is required for efficient operation of the TOPAZ Single Crystal Diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. To fulfill this need, a Compact Crystal Positioning System (CCPS) has been developed in collaboration with Square One Systems Design in Jackson, Wyoming. The system incorporates a tripod design with six vacuum-compatible piezoelectric linear motors capable of < 1 mu m resolution. National Instruments LabVIEW provides a means of system automation while at the same time accommodating the modular nature of the SNS sample environment control software for straightforward system integration. Results from an ambient test at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory will be presented. C1 [Frost, Matthew; Hoffmann, Christina; Thomison, Jack; Overbay, Mark] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Frost, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM frostmj@ornl.gov RI hoffmann, christina/D-2292-2016; OI hoffmann, christina/0000-0002-7222-5845; Frost, Matthew/0000-0001-6821-170X NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012084 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012084 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100084 ER PT S AU Granroth, GE Kolesnikov, AI Sherline, TE Clancy, JP Ross, KA Ruff, JPC Gaulin, BD Nagler, SE AF Granroth, G. E. Kolesnikov, A. I. Sherline, T. E. Clancy, J. P. Ross, K. A. Ruff, J. P. C. Gaulin, B. D. Nagler, S. E. GP IOP TI SEQUOIA: A Newly Operating Chopper Spectrometer at the SNS SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB A fine resolution chopper spectrometer (SEQUOIA) recently received first neutrons at the SNS. The commissioning phase of the instrument is underway. SEQUOIA is designed to utilize neutrons of an incident energy (E(i)) between 10-2000 meV. A monochromatic beam is provided on a sample, 20 m from the decoupled ambient temperature H(2)O moderator, by filtering the white beam with a Fermi chopper located 18 m from the source. After interacting with the sample, neutrons are detected by an array of (3)He linear position sensitive tubes located on a vertical cylinder with a radius of 5.5 m. This contribution presents current results from the commissioning experiments and compares SEQUOIA's actual and predicted performance. These commissioning experiments include characterization of the beam by monitors, determination of the chopper phase offsets, and runs with V and C(4)H(2)I(2)S. The predicted performance is provided by analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. C1 [Granroth, G. E.; Kolesnikov, A. I.; Sherline, T. E.; Nagler, S. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Granroth, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM granrothge@ornl.gov RI Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012 OI Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649 NR 9 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012058 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012058 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100058 ER PT S AU Lee, WT Tong, X Pierce, J Fleenor, M Ismaili, A Robertson, JL Chen, WC Gentile, TR Hailemariam, A Goyette, R Parizzi, A Lauter, V Klose, F Kaiser, H Lavelle, C Baxter, DV Jones, GL Wexler, J McCollum, L AF Lee, W-T Tong, X. Pierce, J. Fleenor, M. Ismaili, A. Robertson, J. L. Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Hailemariam, A. Goyette, R. Parizzi, A. Lauter, V. Klose, F. Kaiser, H. Lavelle, C. Baxter, D. V. Jones, G. L. Wexler, J. McCollum, L. GP IOP TI In-situ Polarized (3)He-Based Neutron Polarization Analyzer for SNS Magnetism Reflectometer SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID SPIN FILTER AB We report here the construction and neutron transmission test results of an in-situ polarized (3)He-based neutron polarization analyzer system for the Magnetism Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The analyzer uses the Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping method to polarize the (3)He nuclei of a cell of (3)He gas. Polarized neutrons scattered from the sample are intercepted by the polarized (3)He gas which strongly absorbs neutrons in one spin-state while allowing most neutrons in the other spin-state to pass through. To maintain a stable analyzing efficiency during an experiment, the (3)He gas is continuously polarized in-situ on the instrument. Neutron transmission measurements showed that 73% (3)He polarization was reached in this setup. C1 [Lee, W-T; Tong, X.; Pierce, J.; Fleenor, M.; Ismaili, A.; Robertson, J. L.; Hailemariam, A.; Goyette, R.; Parizzi, A.; Lauter, V.; McCollum, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, WT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM leewt@ornl.gov RI tong, Xin/C-4853-2012; Baxter, David /D-3769-2013 OI tong, Xin/0000-0001-6105-5345; Baxter, David /0000-0003-2812-0904 NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012086 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012086 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100086 ER PT S AU Lynch, V Chen, ML Cobb, J Kohl, J Miller, S Speirs, D Vazhkudai, S AF Lynch, Vickie Chen, Meili Cobb, John Kohl, Jim Miller, Steve Speirs, David Vazhkudai, Sudharshan GP IOP TI Neutron Science TeraGrid Gateway SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB The unique contributions of the Neutron Science TeraGrid Gateway (NSTG) are the connection of national user facility instrument data sources to the integrated cyberinfrastructure of the National Science FoundationTeraGrid and the development of a neutron science gateway that allows neutron scientists to use TeraGrid resources to analyze their data, including comparison of experiment with simulation. The NSTG is working in close collaboration with the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge as their principal facility partner. The SNS is a next-generation neutron source. It has completed construction at a cost of $1.4 billion and is ramping up operations. The SNS will provide an order of magnitude greater flux than any previous facility in the world and will be available to all of the nation's scientists, independent of funding source, on a peer-reviewed merit basis. With this new capability, the neutron science community is facing orders of magnitude larger data sets and is at a critical point for data analysis and simulation. There is a recognized need for new ways to manage and analyze data to optimize both beam time and scientific output. The TeraGrid is providing new capabilities in the gateway for simulations using McStas and a fitting service on distributed TeraGrid resources to improved turnaround. NSTG staff are also exploring replicating experimental data in archival storage. As part of the SNS partnership, the NSTG provides access to gateway support, cyberinfrastructure outreach, community development, and user support for the neutron science community. This community includes not only SNS staff and users but extends to all the major worldwide neutron scattering centers. C1 [Lynch, Vickie; Chen, Meili; Cobb, John; Kohl, Jim; Miller, Steve; Speirs, David; Vazhkudai, Sudharshan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lynch, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM lynchve@ornl.gov RI Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012097 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012097 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100097 ER PT S AU Miller, SD Geist, A Herwig, KW Peterson, PF Reuter, MA Ren, S Bilheux, JC Campbell, SI Kohl, JA Vazhkudai, SS Cobb, JW Lynch, VE Chen, ML Trater, JR Smith, BC Swain, T Huang, J Mikkelson, R Mikkelson, D Green, ML AF Miller, Stephen D. Geist, Al Herwig, Kenneth W. Peterson, Peter F. Reuter, Michael A. Ren, Shelly Bilheux, Jean-Christophe Campbell, Stuart I. Kohl, James A. Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S. Cobb, John W. Lynch, Vickie E. Chen, Meili Trater, James R. Smith, Bradford C. Swain, Tom (William) Huang, Jian Mikkelson, Ruth Mikkelson, Dennis Green, Mark L. GP IOP TI The SNS/HFIR Web Portal System - How Can it Help Me? SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB In a busy world, continuing with the status-quo, to do things the way we are already familiar, often seems to be the most efficient way to conduct our work. We look for the value-add to decide if investing in a new method is worth the effort. How shall we evaluate if we have reached this tipping point for change? For contemporary researchers, understanding the properties of the data is a good starting point. The new generation of neutron scattering instruments being built are higher resolution and produce one or more orders of magnitude larger data than the previous generation of instruments. For instance, we have grown out of being able to perform some important tasks with our laptops - the data are too big and the computations would simply take too long. These large datasets can be problematic as facility users now begin to grapple with many of the same issues faced by more established computing communities. These issues include data access, management, and movement, data format standards, distributed computing, and collaboration among others. The Neutron Science Portal has been architected, designed, and implemented to provide users with an easy-to-use interface for managing and processing data, while also keeping an eye on meeting modern cybersecurity requirements imposed on institutions. The cost of entry for users has been lowered by utilizing a web interface providing access to backend portal resources. Users can browse or search for data which they are allowed to see, data reduction applications can be run without having to load the software, sample activation calculations can be performed for SNS and HFIR beamlines, McStas simulations can be run on TeraGrid and ORNL computers, and advanced analysis applications such as those being produced by the DANSE project can be run. Behind the scenes is a "live cataloging" system which automatically catalogs and archives experiment data via the data management system, and provides proposal team members access to their experiment data. The complexity of data movement and utilizing distributed computing resources has been taken care on behalf of users. Collaboration is facilitated by providing users a read/writeable common area, shared across all experiment team members. To date, these shared areas are the fastest growing data spaces. The portal currently has over 370 registered users, almost 5TB of experiment and user data, approximately 660K files cataloged, and had almost 10,000 unique visits last year. Future directions for enhancing portal robustness include examining how to mirror data and portal services, better facilitation of collaborations via virtual organizations, enhancing disconnected service via "thick client" applications, and better inter-facility connectivity to support cross-cutting research. The portal has established itself in the SNS/HFIR user community, and the development team strives to continue to improve the quality of features and services provided in order to better serve the community. C1 [Miller, Stephen D.; Geist, Al; Herwig, Kenneth W.; Peterson, Peter F.; Reuter, Michael A.; Ren, Shelly; Bilheux, Jean-Christophe; Campbell, Stuart I.; Kohl, James A.; Vazhkudai, Sudharshan S.; Cobb, John W.; Lynch, Vickie E.; Chen, Meili; Trater, James R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM millersd@ornl.gov RI Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Lynch, Vickie/J-4647-2012; Peterson, Peter/L-2496-2013; Campbell, Stuart/A-8485-2010; Bilheux, Jean/A-2823-2016 OI Lynch, Vickie/0000-0002-5836-7636; Ren, Shelly/0000-0002-0311-624X; Peterson, Peter/0000-0002-1353-0348; Campbell, Stuart/0000-0001-7079-0878; Bilheux, Jean/0000-0003-2172-6487 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012096 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012096 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100096 ER PT S AU Mo, YM Heller, WT AF Mo, Yiming Heller, William T. GP IOP TI SANS with contrast variation study of the bacteriorhodopsino-ctyl glucoside complex SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PROTEIN-DETERGENT COMPLEXES; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION AB Membrane proteins (MPs), which play vital roles in trans-membrane trafficking and signalling between cells and their external environment, comprise a major fraction of the expressed proteomes of many organisms. MP production for biophysical characterization requires detergents for extracting MPs from their native membrane and to solubilize the MP in solution for purification and study. In a proper detergent solution, the detergent-associated MPs retain their native fold and oligomerization state, key requirements for biophysical characterization and crystallization. SANS with contrast variation was performed to characterize BR in complex with OG to better understand the MP-detergent complex. Contrast variation makes it possible to not only probe the conformation of the entire structure but also investigate the conformation of the polypeptide chain within the BR-OG complex. The BR-OG SANS contrast variation series is not consistent with a compact structure, such as a trimeric BR complex surrounded by a belt of detergent. The data strongly suggest that the protein is partially unfolded through its association with the detergent micelles. C1 [Heller, William T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Heller, WT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hellerwt@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012042 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012042 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100042 ER PT S AU Pierce, J Crabb, DG Tomanicek, S Demarse, N Maxwell, J Mulholland, J Zhao, JK AF Pierce, J. Crabb, D. G. Tomanicek, S. Demarse, N. Maxwell, J. Mulholland, J. Zhao, J. K. GP IOP TI Dynamically polarized sample at the Spallation Neutron Source SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID NUCLEAR AB We report on the progress of the Dynamically Polarized Sample at the Spallation Neutron Source. The SNS DPS is a collaborative project with the Univ. of Virginia constructed for the purpose of polarized neutron scattering and diffraction. The project aims at significantly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio by utilizing the strong spin dependent scattering cross section of hydrogen. One of the areas that are expected to benefit from this project is neutron protein crystallography, where a 10 fold gain in diffraction intensity and 10 fold reduction in incoherent background are within reach. The first step of the SNS DPS project uses a simple one Kelvin refrigerator and a 5 Tesla magnet. Our final goal is to design and build optimized setups for instruments such as the neutron protein diffractometer at the SNS (MaNDi). A brief overview of the DPS project will be given. C1 [Pierce, J.; Tomanicek, S.; Demarse, N.; Zhao, J. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Pierce, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM piercejj@ornl.gov RI Zhao, Jinkui/B-7872-2013 OI Zhao, Jinkui/0000-0002-7756-1952 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012088 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012088 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100088 ER PT S AU Sherline, TE Solomon, L Roberts, CK Bruce, D Gaulin, B Granroth, GE AF Sherline, T. E. Solomon, L. Roberts, C. K., II Bruce, D. Gaulin, B. Granroth, G. E. GP IOP TI A low-temperature sample orienting device for single crystal spectroscopy at the SNS SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB A low temperature sample orientation device providing three axes of rotation has been successfully built and is in testing for use on several spectrometers at the spallation neutron source (SNS). Sample rotation about the vertical (omega) axis of nearly 360 degrees and out of plane tilts (phi and nu) of from -3.4 degrees to 4.4 degrees and from -2.8 degrees to 3.5 degrees, respectively, are possible. An off-the-shelf closed cycle refrigerator (CCR) is mounted on a room temperature sealed rotary flange providing omega rotations of the sample. Out-of-plane tilts are made possible by piezoelectric actuated angular positioning devices mounted on the low temperature head of the CCR. Novel encoding devices based on magnetoresistive sensors have been developed to measure the tilt stage angles. This combination facilitates single crystal investigations from room temperature to 3.1 K. Commissioning experiments of the rotating CCR for both powder and single crystal samples have been performed on the ARCS spectrometer at the SNS. For the powder sample this device was used to continuously rotate the sample and thus average out any partial orientation of the powder. The powder rings observed in S(Q) are presented. For the single crystal sample, the rotation was used to probe different regions of momentum transfer (Q-space). Laue patterns obtained from a single crystal sample at two rotation angles are presented. C1 [Sherline, T. E.; Solomon, L.; Roberts, C. K., II; Bruce, D.; Granroth, G. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sherline, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN USA. EM sherlinete@ornl.gov RI Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012085 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012085 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100085 ER PT S AU Tian, W Li, JY Li, HF Lynn, JW Zarestky, JL Vaknin, D AF Tian, Wei Li, Jiying Li, Haifeng Lynn, Jeffrey W. Zarestky, Jerel L. Vaknin, David GP IOP TI Neutron Scattering Studies of LiCoPO(4) & LiMnPO(4) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID LINIPO4 AB LiCoPO(4) (T(N) approximate to 21.8 K) & LiMnPO(4) (T(N) approximate to 34 K) are antiferromagnetic insulators exhibiting large magnetoelectric effects. We performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments to investigate the spin dynamics of these systems and analyzed the measured magnetic spectra by linear spin-wave theory, taking into account intra- and inter-plane nearest, next nearest neighbor magnetic exchange interactions and single ion anisotropy, The INS results indicate that the single ion anisotropy in LiCoPO(4) is comparable to the nearest-neighbor magnetic exchange interaction rendering Ising-type behavior of LiCoPO(4). Neutron diffraction studies of LiMnPO(4) in applied magnetic fields reveal a spin-flop transition at similar to 3.5 Tesla with characteristics of a second order phase transition. C1 [Tian, Wei; Li, Haifeng; Zarestky, Jerel L.; Vaknin, David] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Tian, W (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Li, Haifeng/F-9743-2013; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012005 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100005 ER PT S AU Tong, X Pierce, J Lee, WT Fleenor, M Chen, WC Jones, GL Robertson, JL AF Tong, X. Pierce, J. Lee, W. T. Fleenor, M. Chen, W. C. Jones, G. L. Robertson, J. L. GP IOP TI Electrical heating for SEOP-based polarized He-3 system SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID NEUTRON SPIN FILTER AB Development of neutron spin filters based on polarized He-3 is underway at Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). We report the progress of electrical heating tests in polarized He-3 based on Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) method. We first test the system performance based on electrical heating via non-inductance heating pads. We observe a contribution of 955 hours to the relaxation time T-1 from the heating pads. We then test the electrical heating SEOP pumping system at the SNS beamline Magnetic Reflectometer. We currently obtain 73% He-3 polarization in a cell with 820 cm(3) in volume. C1 [Tong, X.; Pierce, J.; Lee, W. T.; Fleenor, M.; Robertson, J. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tong, X (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tongx@ornl.gov RI tong, Xin/C-4853-2012 OI tong, Xin/0000-0001-6105-5345 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012087 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012087 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100087 ER PT S AU Walker, L Luttrell, C Solomon, L Church, A AF Walker, L. Luttrell, C. Solomon, L. Church, A. GP IOP TI The development of a sapphire cell for neutron scattering experiments at high temperature and high pressure SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB As designed, the sample cell has a total length of 93.75 mm, a minimum wall thickness of 12.5 mm, and a bore that is 5mm wide by 81.25 mm tall as shown in figure 1. To minimize pressure build up within the cell the sample bore was modified from a design with sharp corners to a design with 1.5 degree radius corners. To optimize the amount of sample in the beam, sapphire inserts were designed. These inserts provide annular gap sizes of 0.1 mm and 1 mm. Gap sizes, or sample thicknesses, will vary based on the strength of the neutron scattering from the sample and are required in order to minimize multiple scattering from the sample. C1 [Walker, L.; Luttrell, C.; Solomon, L.; Church, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Walker, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM walkerl@ornl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012091 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012091 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100091 ER PT S AU Winn, BL Robertson, JL Iverson, EB Selby, DL AF Winn, B. L. Robertson, J. L. Iverson, E. B. Selby, D. L. GP IOP TI Neutron Spectral Brightness of Cold Guide 4 at the High Flux Isotope Reactor SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN AB The High Flux Isotope Reactor resumed operation in June of 2007 with a super-critical hydrogen cold source in horizontal beam tube 4. Cold guide 4 is a guide system designed to deliver neutrons from this source with a reasonable flux at wavelengths greater than 4 angstrom to several instruments, and includes a 15-m, 96-section, 4-channel bender. A time-of-flight spectrum with calibrated detector was recorded at port C of cold guide 4, and compared to McStas simulations, to generate a brightness spectrum. C1 [Winn, B. L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Grp, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Winn, BL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Grp, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM winnbl@ornl.gov RI Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016; OI Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318; Iverson, Erik /0000-0002-7920-705X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012062 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012062 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100062 ER PT S AU Winn, B Shapiro, SM Lashley, JC Opeil, C Ratcliff, W AF Winn, Barry Shapiro, S. M. Lashley, Jason C. Opeil, Cyril Ratcliff, William GP IOP TI Structural Phase Transition in AuZn Alloys SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; NI46.8TI50FE3.2 AB Au(x)Zn(1-x) alloys undergo a shape memory martensitic transformation whose temperature and nature (continuous or discontinuous) is strongly composition dependent. Neutron diffraction experiments were performed on single crystals of x=50 and 52 to explore the structural changes occurring at the transition temperature. A transverse modulation with wavevector q(0)=(1/3,1/3,0) develops below the transition temperature, with no observable change in lattice parameter. However, the Bragg peak width shows a broadening suggesting an unresolved rhombohedral distortion similar to what has been observed in NiTi-Fe alloys. C1 [Winn, Barry; Shapiro, S. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Winn, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM winnbl@ornl.gov RI Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016 OI Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012027 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012027 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100027 ER PT S AU Yi, Z Nagao, M Bossev, DP AF Yi, Zheng Nagao, Michihiro Bossev, Dobrin P. GP IOP TI How lidocaine influence the bilayer thickness and bending elasticity of biomembranes SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTRON SCATTERING 2009 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Neutron Scattering 2009 CY MAY 03-07, 2009 CL Knoxville, TN ID ANESTHETIC-LIPID INTERACTION; LOCAL-ANESTHETICS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR DETAILS; MEMBRANE; UNDULATIONS; CHANNELS; MODEL AB We have studied how local anesthetics influence the structural and dynamical properties of model bio-membranes. The measurements of small-angle neutron scattering have been performed on 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) unilamellar vesicles with different concentrations of lidocaine in D2O to determine the bilayer thickness as a function of the lidocaine concentration. The neutron-spin echo spectroscopy (NSE) has been used to study the influence of lidocaine on the bending elasticity of DMPC bilayers in fluid crystal phase (L-alpha) and the ripple gel (P-beta') phase. C1 [Yi, Zheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT ORNL Ctr Mol Biophys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yi, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UT ORNL Ctr Mol Biophys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zhyi@indiana.edu RI Yi, Zheng/F-7539-2011 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 251 AR 012037 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/251/1/012037 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Biophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVN68 UT WOS:000291982100037 ER PT S AU Kukkadapu, RK Qafoku, NP Arey, BW Resch, CT Long, PE AF Kukkadapu, Ravi K. Qafoku, Nikolla P. Arey, Bruce W. Resch, Charles T. Long, Philip E. BE Muller, H Reissner, M Steiner, W Wiesinger, G TI Effect of extent of natural subsurface bioreduction on Fe-mineralogy of subsurface sediments SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATIONS OF THE MOSSBAUER EFFECT (ICAME 2009) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect CY JUL 19-24, 2009 CL Vienna Univ Technol, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO Vienna Univ Technol ID URANIUM; BIOTRANSFORMATION; GROUNDWATER AB Naturally bioreduced zones with considerable sorbed U were recently identified at a former U mining and processing site at Rifle, CO, USA. Most of the sorbed U appears to be associated with Fe minerals. Variably reduced sediment samples were analyzed by suite of techniques, primarily by room temperature Mossbauer spectroscopy. Fe-oxides of different types and crystallinity, and Fe(II)/Fe(III)-containing clays are dominant in all the sediments. The amounts of poorly crystalline Fe(III)-oxide, however, was lower in the reduced samples. In addition, framboidal pyrites with sorbed U were common in the highly reduced sediments. Overall, the information gained from this work may help develop design field strategies for immobilization and stabilization of U(VI) in contaminated subsurface environments. C1 [Kukkadapu, Ravi K.; Qafoku, Nikolla P.; Arey, Bruce W.; Resch, Charles T.; Long, Philip E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kukkadapu, RK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ravi.kukkadapu@pnl.gov OI Qafoku, Nikolla P./0000-0002-3258-5379 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2010 VL 217 AR 012047 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/217/1/012047 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BTK80 UT WOS:000287181700047 ER PT S AU Van Den Abeele, K Ulrich, TJ Le Bas, PY Griffa, M Anderson, BE Guyer, RA AF Van Den Abeele, Koen Ulrich, T. J. Le Bas, Pierre-Yves Griffa, Michele Anderson, Brian E. Guyer, Robert A. BE Garreton, LG TI Vector Component Focusing in Elastic Solids using a Scalar Source in Three Component Time Reversal SO INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ULTRASONICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Congress on Ultrasonics CY JAN 11-17, 2009 CL Univ Santiago Chile, Santiago, CHILE HO Univ Santiago Chile DE Time Reversal; imaging; focusing AB This contribution provides fundamental support, and both experimental and numerical wave propagation results demonstrating the ability to use a scalar source, a three component detector and the reciprocal TR process to selectively focus different vector components, either individually or collectively. The principle is explained from an analytical point of view, and the numerical and experimental study demonstrates excellent temporal and spatial focalization. Applications of the selective vector component focusing can be found in damage imaging techniques using both linear or nonlinear ultrasonic waves. C1 [Van Den Abeele, Koen] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Wave Propagat & Signal Proc Res Grp, Campus Kortrijk,E Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. [Ulrich, T. J.; Le Bas, Pierre-Yves; Griffa, Michele; Anderson, Brian E.; Guyer, Robert A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES 11, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Van Den Abeele, K (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Wave Propagat & Signal Proc Res Grp, Campus Kortrijk,E Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. EM koen.vandenabeele@kuleuven-kortrijk.be FU Campaign; LDRD at Los Alamos National Laboratory; Koen Van Den Abeele; European FP6 [AST-CT- 2003-502927]; Flemish Fund for Scientific Research [G.0206.02, G.0554.06, G.0443.07]; Research Council of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven [OT/07/051] FX This work is supported by Institutional Support (Campaign 8 and LDRD) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Koen Van Den Abeele gratefully acknowledges the support of the European FP6 Grant AERONEWS (AST-CT- 2003-502927), the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (G.0206.02, G.0554.06, G.0443.07), the Research Council of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (OT/07/051, CIF1), and the institutional support of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The authors are grateful for discussions with colleagues Paul Johnson and Carene Larmat on the topics of Time Reversal and reciprocity. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 BP 685 EP 689 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.01.086 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Physics GA BNZ15 UT WOS:000275913100098 ER PT J AU Wagner, GJ Zhou, XW Plimpton, SJ AF Wagner, Gregory J. Zhou, Xiaowang Plimpton, Steven J. TI EQUATION-FREE ACCELERATED SIMULATIONS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL RELAXATION OF CRYSTAL SURFACES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE surface diffusion; kinetic Monte Carlo; equation-free; solid-on-solid model ID MULTISCALE COMPUTATION; INFREQUENT EVENTS; PROFILE EVOLUTION; TIME-SCALE; DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION AB A method for accelerating kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of solid surface morphology evolution, based on the equation-free projective integration (EFPI) technique, is developed and investigated. This method is demonstrated through application to the 1+1 dimensional solid-on-solid model for surface evolution. EFPI exploits the multiscale nature of a physics problem, using fine-scale simulations at short times to evolve coarse length scales over long times. The method requires identification of a set of coarse variables that parameterize the system, and it is found that the most obvious coarse variables for this problem, those related to the ensemble-averaged surface position, are inadequate for capturing the dynamics of the system. This is remedied by including among the coarse variables a statistical description of the fine scales in the problem, which in this case can be captured by a two-point correlation function. Projective integration allows speedup of the simulations, but if speed-up of more than a factor of around 3 is attempted the solution can become oscillatory or unstable. This is shown to be caused by the presence of both fast and slow components of the two-point correlation function, leading to the equivalent of a stiff system of equations that is hard to integrate. By fixing the fast components of the solution over each projection step, we are able to achieve speedups of a factor of 20 without oscillations, while maintaining accuracy. C1 [Wagner, Gregory J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wagner, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. EM gjwagne@sandia.gov RI Wagner, Gregory/I-4377-2015 FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We are also grateful for helpful discussions with Professor Yannis Kevrekidis, Professor Dong-bin Xiu, Jonathan Zimmerman, Aidan Thompson, and Reese Jones. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2010 VL 8 IS 4 BP 423 EP 439 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 676CZ UT WOS:000283889000006 ER PT J AU Liu, WNN Sun, X Koeppel, B Khaleel, M AF Liu, Wenning N. Sun, Xin Koeppel, Brian Khaleel, Mohammad TI Experimental Study of the Aging and Self-Healing of the Glass/Ceramic Sealant Used in SOFCs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB High operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) require that the sealant must function at a high temperature between 600 degrees C and 900 degrees C and in the oxidizing and reducing environments of fuel and air. This paper describes tests to investigate the temporal evolution of the volume fraction of ceramic phases, the evolution of micro-damage, and the self-healing behavior of the glass-ceramic sealant used in SOFCs. It was found that after the initial sintering process, further crystallization of the glass-ceramic sealant does not stop, but slows down and reduces the residual glass content while boosting the ceramic crystalline content. Under a long-term operating environment, distinct fibrous and needle-like crystals in the amorphous phase disappeared, and smeared/diffused phase boundaries between the glass phase and ceramic phase were observed. Meanwhile, the micro-damage was induced by the cooling down process from the operating temperature to room temperature, which can potentially degrade the mechanical properties of the glass/ceramic sealant. The glass/ceramic sealant exhibited self-healing upon reheating to the SOFC operating temperature, which can restore the mechanical performance of the glass/ceramic sealant. C1 [Liu, Wenning N.; Sun, Xin; Koeppel, Brian; Khaleel, Mohammad] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Liu, WNN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wenning.liu@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02417.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 540CY UT WOS:000273309600003 ER PT J AU Li, YH Jiang, YL Wu, JW Pineault, R Gemmenn, R Liu, XB AF Li, Yihong Jiang, Yinglu Wu, Junwei Pineault, Richard Gemmenn, Randall Liu, Xingbo TI Effect of Electrical Current on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Metallic Interconnect Oxidation in Syngas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FE-CR ALLOY; SOFC INTERCONNECTS; BEHAVIOR; ATMOSPHERE; GRADIENT AB Electrical current flow is one of the important factors influencing high-temperature oxidation of SOFC interconnects. To understand the effect of electric current on corrosion behavior, Crofer 22 APU and Haynes 230//SS430 clad coupons were exposed to a simulated coal syngas at 800 degrees C with a current density of 0.5 A/cm2, for 500 h. It was found that the scale formed on the positive side was thicker than that formed on the negative side. In particular, for Crofer 22 APU, the morphology of the scale formed on the positive side was whisker-like while the scale formed on the negative side was predominantly cubic-shaped crystals. For Haynes 230//SS430 clad sample, some grain-shaped crystals appeared on SS 430 (negative) side due to the breakaway oxidation. C1 [Li, Yihong; Jiang, Yinglu; Wu, Junwei; Pineault, Richard; Gemmenn, Randall; Liu, Xingbo] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Li, Yihong; Jiang, Yinglu; Wu, Junwei; Liu, Xingbo] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Li, YH (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM Xingbo.liu@mail.wvu.edu NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02430.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 540CY UT WOS:000273309600005 ER PT J AU Byun, TS Hunn, JD Miller, JH Snead, LL Kim, JW AF Byun, Thak Sang Hunn, John D. Miller, James H. Snead, Lance L. Kim, Jin Weon TI Evaluation of Fracture Stress for the SiC Layer of TRISO-Coated Fuel Particles Using a Modified Crush Test Method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRENGTH; PERFORMANCE; COMPONENTS AB Fracture stress data for the chemical vapor deposition SiC coatings of tri-isotropic carbon/silicon carbide-coated fuel particles were obtained using a newly developed testing and evaluation method, and their relationship with microstructure was investigated. A crush testing technique using a blanket foil at load-transferring contact has been developed for hemispherical shell SiC specimens based on finite element analysis results. The mean fracture stress varied with test material in the range of 330-650 MPa, and was linked to the combined characteristics of inner surface roughness and porosity. C1 [Byun, Thak Sang; Hunn, John D.; Miller, James H.; Snead, Lance L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kim, Jin Weon] Chosun Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Kwangju 501759, South Korea. RP Byun, TS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM byunts@ornl.gov FU Office of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology, US Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors especially thank the reviewers Drs. Y. Katoh and Ozawa for their elaborate reviews and detailed comments. The authors also thank Mr. I. Dunbar for preparing hemispherical shell specimens from fuel particles. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 3 BP 327 EP 337 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02462.x PG 11 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 591HW UT WOS:000277291900006 ER PT J AU Alexander, CS Reinhart, WD Thornhill, TF Chhabildas, LC AF Alexander, C. Scott Reinhart, William D. Thornhill, Tom F. Chhabildas, Lalit C. TI Armor Options: A Comparison of the Dynamic Response of Materials in the Aluminum Oxide-Aluminum Nitride Family SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COORS AD995 ALUMINA; SHOCK COMPRESSION; RELEASE PROPERTIES; SAPPHIRE; PHASE; OXYNITRIDE; STRENGTH; WAVE; GPA; SCATTERING AB For armor applications, ceramic materials are often useful due to their high dynamic strength. In some instances, in addition to high strength, the armor must also be transparent, which significantly limits the choices of materials. Materials in the aluminum oxide-aluminum nitride family (including Al(2)O(3) and AlON) are both strong and transparent. Only the end compound AlN is opaque. In this paper, the dynamic response to shock loading is examined for these materials to better understand the material response. Despite the chemical similarities, significant differences exist in the shock response and will be discussed. C1 [Alexander, C. Scott; Reinhart, William D.; Thornhill, Tom F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chhabildas, Lalit C.] USAF, Res Lab, Eglin, FL 32542 USA. RP Alexander, CS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM calexa@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 587 EP 594 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02488.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500004 ER PT J AU Leavy, RB Brannon, RM Strack, OE AF Leavy, R. Brian Brannon, Rebecca M. Strack, O. Erik TI The Use of Sphere Indentation Experiments to Characterize Ceramic Damage Models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; BORON-CARBIDE; PENETRATION; VELOCITIES; BEHAVIOR; KM/S AB Sphere impact experiments are used to calibrate and validate ceramic models that include statistical variability and/or scale effects in strength and toughness parameters. These dynamic experiments supplement traditional characterization experiments such as tension, triaxial compression, Brazilian, and plate impact, which are commonly used for ceramic model calibration. The fractured ceramic specimens are analyzed using sectioning, X-ray computed tomography, microscopy, and other techniques. These experimental observations indicate that a predictive material model must incorporate a standard deviation in strength that varies with the nature of the loading. Methods of using the spherical indentation data to calibrate a statistical damage model are presented in which it is assumed that variability in strength is tied to microscale stress concentrations associated with microscale heterogeneity. C1 [Leavy, R. Brian] USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. [Brannon, Rebecca M.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Strack, O. Erik] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Leavy, RB (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen, MD 21005 USA. EM Brian.Leavy@utah.edu FU United States Department of Energy [DE-ALO4-04AL8500] FX The authors thank the following individuals for their substantial contributions to the work presented in this paper: David Bronowski, Bill Bruchey, Jerry LaSalvia, Moo Lee, Dave MacKenzie, Herb Miller, Mike Normandia, and John Rowe. Part of this work was performed at the Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract no. DE-ALO4-04AL8500. NR 53 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 606 EP 615 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02487.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500006 ER PT J AU Holmquist, TJ Wereszczak, AA AF Holmquist, Timothy J. Wereszczak, Andrew A. TI Using Hertzian Indentation to Understand the Strength and Ballistic Resistance of Silicon Carbide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This article presents an initial evaluation of the usefulness of spherical or Hertzian indentation for the determination and/or validation of constitutive models and for a potential link to ballistic resistance (interface defeat). Recent advancements in producing more confident elevated stress levels in Hertzian indentation make the usefulness of this test much more feasible. There are very few experimental techniques that can produce the high stresses, strains, and pressures produced in Hertzian indentation tests. Additionally, they are also relatively simple, repeatable, timely, and inexpensive. There is still the disadvantage that the stresses, strains, and pressures are not explicit outputs of the experiments requiring the constitutive response to be inferred by performing computations and comparing the computed force-deflection results to the experiment. Preliminary results indicate that Hertzian indentation can be used to help define the constitutive response but it is still uncertain if it can be used to rank a ceramic's ability to produce interface defeat. C1 [Holmquist, Timothy J.] SW Res Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55416 USA. [Wereszczak, Andrew A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Holmquist, TJ (reprint author), SW Res Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55416 USA. EM tholmquist@swri.org RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X FU U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center [DE-AC-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the Work For Others sponsor U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center, under contract DE-AC-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 625 EP 634 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02540.x PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500008 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Kirkland, TP Strong, KT Campbell, J LaSalvia, JC Miller, HT AF Wereszczak, Andrew A. Kirkland, Timothy P. Strong, Kevin T., Jr. Campbell, James LaSalvia, Jerry C. Miller, Herbert T. TI Size-Scaling of Tensile Failure Stress in a Hot-Pressed Silicon Carbide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; HERTZIAN FRACTURE; COMPRESSION; INDENTER; TILES AB Quasi-static Weibull strength-size scaling of hot-pressed silicon carbide is described. Two surface conditions (uniaxial ground and uniaxial ground followed by grit blasting) were explored. Strength test coupons sampled effective areas from the very small (4 x 10-3 mm2) to the very large (4 x 104 mm2). Equibiaxial flexure and Hertzian ring crack initiation were used for the strength tests, and characteristic strengths for several different specimen geometries were analyzed as a function of effective area. Characteristic strength was found to substantially increase with decreased effective area for both surface conditions. Weibull moduli of 9.4- and 11.7 well-represented strength-size scaling for the two ground conditions between an effective area range of 10-1 and 4 x 104 mm2. Machining damage was observed to be the dominant flaw type over this range. However, for effective areas < 10-1 mm2, the characteristic strength increased rapidly for both ground surface conditions as the effective area decreased, and one or more of the inherent assumptions behind the classical Weibull strength-size scaling were in violation in this range. The selections of a ceramic strength to account for ballistically induced tile deflection and expanding cavity modeling are considered in context with the measured strength-size scaling. The observed size-scaling is briefly discussed with reference to dynamic strength. C1 [Wereszczak, Andrew A.; Kirkland, Timothy P.; Strong, Kevin T., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Campbell, James; LaSalvia, Jerry C.; Miller, Herbert T.] USA, Res Lab, Ceram & Transparent Mat Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wereszczakaa@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X FU U.S. Army Research Laboratory (USARL); U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center [DE-AC-00OR22725]; U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command-Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command FX Research sponsored by two sources: Work For Others sponsor U.S. Army Research Laboratory (USARL) and the U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center, both under contract DE-AC-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.; This submission was produced by a contractor of the U.S. Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.; Work performed with support by an appointment to the Research Participation Program at the USARL administered by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and the USARL.; The authors express sincere appreciation to D. Templeton and F. Rickert of the U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command-Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command for sponsoring much of this work. C. Johnson (GE-retired) is thanked for Weibull distribution discussions. Lastly, ORNL's P. Becher and H. Wang for reviewing the manuscript and for their helpful comments. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2010 VL 7 IS 5 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02517.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 656GP UT WOS:000282316500009 ER PT J AU Drury, CG Guy, KP Wenner, CA AF Drury, Colin G. Guy, Kathryn P. Wenner, Caren A. TI Outsourcing Aviation Maintenance: Human Factors Implications, Specifically for Communications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AVIATION PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; ERROR; INSPECTION; TEXT AB As part of the Federal Aviation Administration's response to the 1997 crash of ValuJet Flight 592, the potential for human errors unique to the aviation third-party repair station environment was investigated. Data collected at 5 U.S. and 1 foreign repair stations disclosed a number of opportunities for errors arising from the more complex interactions among the repair station, the airline customers, and the regulatory authority. Two quantitative studies gathered data to test for 1 expected problem: that of using multiple formats of procedure document. First, a repair station error database was analyzed and concluded that oinformationo (e.g., documentation) was a significant causal factor associated with specific error types. Second, although repair stations must switch frequently between the documentation systems of different airlines, a task card comprehension study did not find increased error rates from changing document formats. With 54 licensed mechanics, well-designed procedure documentation greatly reduced comprehension errors. Improved documentation by following human factors good practice is recommended as a strategy to mitigate error potential for the repair stations where work is outsourced. C1 [Drury, Colin G.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Guy, Kathryn P.] Lockheed Martin Syst Integrat, Owego, NY USA. [Wenner, Caren A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Drury, CG (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, 438 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM drury@buffalo.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1050-8414 J9 INT J AVIAT PSYCHOL JI Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. PY 2010 VL 20 IS 2 BP 124 EP 143 AR PII 920641368 DI 10.1080/10508411003617771 PG 20 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 597JD UT WOS:000277752100002 ER PT J AU Patil, DP Parekh, BK Klunder, EB AF Patil, Datta P. Parekh, B. K. Klunder, Edgar B. TI A Novel Approach for Improving Column Flotation of Fine and Coarse Coal SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Coal Preparation Congress CY APR 25-30, 2010 CL Lexington, KY SP Coal Preparat Soc Amer DE Coal; Flotation; Frothfeeding; Reflux ID FOAM FRACTIONATION; FROTH; COLLECTION; PARTICLES AB Froth flotation, applied to the separation of solid particulates, has been practiced commercially for a long time in the coal and mineral industries. The potential benefits of establishing a deep froth, especially in column flotation have been shown by a number of researchers and that includes demonstrating that the froth phase is much more efficient at mineral upgrading than is the pulp phase. This approach could be useful in where the particles have difficulty in reporting from pulp phase to froth phase. Hence, it is expected that introduction of particles into the froth phase will significantly improve the grade and recovery of particles. In this article, a novel way of operating a flotation column was implemented, and the results were compared to those when operating the same column in the conventional fashion. Tests were conducted with both fine and coarse coals. Feeding into the froth zone enhances bubble-particle contact as observed by a higher product yield of 79.4% compared to a conventional column flotation yield of 73.4%, both at about 9% product ash. It was also observed that the novel froth feed improved the recovery of coarse (+1mm) coal particles from 0.9wt% to 2.2wt% compared to the conventional way of feeding slurry to pulp. Similarly, recovery of 1x0.6mm particles improved from 4.6wt% to 8.3wt% at the same ash level. Positive results were also obtained by external reflux of a portion of the concentrate back into the top of the column. The potential to simultaneously achieve improvement in both recovery and grade can be explained by application of conventional mass transfer concepts, analogous to developments in two-phase foam fractionation. C1 [Patil, Datta P.; Parekh, B. K.] Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. [Klunder, Edgar B.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Patil, DP (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Ctr Appl Energy Res, 3572 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511 USA. EM patil@caer.uky.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1939-2699 J9 INT J COAL PREP UTIL JI Int. J. Coal Prep. Util. PY 2010 VL 30 IS 2-5 BP 173 EP 188 AR PII 925512098 DI 10.1080/19392699.2010.497106 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Energy & Fuels; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 636WR UT WOS:000280775000008 ER PT J AU Krishnamoorthy, G Sami, M Orsino, S Perera, A Shahnam, M Huckaby, ED AF Krishnamoorthy, Gautham Sami, Muhammad Orsino, Stefano Perera, Anura Shahnam, Mehrdad Huckaby, E. David TI Radiation modelling in oxy-fuel combustion scenarios SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE radiative heat transfer; oxy combustion; CFD; band models; coal combustion ID BLACKBODY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; SPECTRUM K-DISTRIBUTIONS; NARROW-BAND; MIXTURES; GAS; CO2 AB Coal combustion was simulated in a lab-scale furnace and a full scale utility boiler at air-burn, oxy-combustion with dry- and wet-flue gas recycles. Good agreement was obtained between the numerical predictions and experimental measurements. The study confirmed that certain dry and wet recycle ratios imitate the temperature and heat transfer characteristics found in air combustion. The performances of five grey models to predict the radiative properties of gases in the simulations were examined. Emissivity correlations developed for purely CO2 media were not found to be suitable to predict the property at low H2O/CO2 ratios encountered during dry-recycle. Therefore, a new total emissivity correlation and a weighted-sum-of-grey-gases (WSGG) model were formulated to address the shortcomings and inaccuracies in existing grey gas models under oxy-firing. The new WSGG model with 4 band intervals was found to perform well in test cases that were representative of air- and oxy-firing conditions in boilers. C1 [Krishnamoorthy, Gautham] Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. [Sami, Muhammad] ANSYS Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. [Orsino, Stefano] ANSYS Inc, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. [Perera, Anura] Doosan Babcock Energy Ltd, Crawley RH10 1, England. [Shahnam, Mehrdad; Huckaby, E. David] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Krishnamoorthy, G (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Chem Engn, POB 7101,Harrington Hall Room 323,241 Centennial, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. EM gautham.krishnamoorthy@gmail.com FU U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Innovations for Existing Plants Program administered at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 EI 1029-0257 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 3-4 BP 69 EP 82 AR PII 924175910 DI 10.1080/10618562.2010.485567 PG 14 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 623BP UT WOS:000279712200001 ER PT J AU Cho, YC Jayaraman, B Viana, FAC Haftka, RT Shyy, W AF Cho, Young-Chang Jayaraman, Balaji Viana, Felipe A. C. Haftka, Raphael T. Shyy, Wei TI Surrogate modelling for characterising the performance of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator; dielectric constant; polarity time ratio; frequency of the applied voltage; surrogate modelling; Pareto front; global sensitivity analysis ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; GLOW-DISCHARGES; FLUID-DYNAMICS; FLOW-CONTROL; AERODYNAMICS; VALIDATION; MECHANISMS; AIR AB The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator offers promising opportunities for flow control because of its fast response and non-moving parts. In this work, surrogate modelling is adopted to better understand the impact of the materials and operational parameters on the actuator performance, and to provide an efficient approach for performance estimation. The DBD model based on 2-species helium chemistry engages three design variables: operating frequency, polarity (positive/negative) time ratio of the applied voltage and the dielectric constant of the insulator. Two objectives are identified: the net force generated and the power requirement. Multiple surrogate models are used, which identify two branches of the Pareto front with opposite net force direction and substantially different parametric sensitivities. Global sensitivity analysis indicates that the voltage frequency and polarity ratio are important in different regions of the design space, while the dielectric constant is always important. C1 [Cho, Young-Chang; Shyy, Wei] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jayaraman, Balaji] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam Grp T 3, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Viana, Felipe A. C.; Haftka, Raphael T.] Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Cho, YC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM yccho@umich.edu RI jayaraman, Balaji/K-6951-2012; OI Shyy, Wei/0000-0001-6670-5394 FU AFRL FX The present work is supported by the AFRL, under a collaborative centre agreement. NR 62 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-8562 J9 INT J COMPUT FLUID D JI Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. PY 2010 VL 24 IS 7 SI SI BP 281 EP 301 AR PII 930040304 DI 10.1080/10618562.2010.521129 PG 21 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 685MQ UT WOS:000284633200004 ER PT J AU Wang, YS Li, ST AF Wang, Yushun Li, Shengtai TI New schemes for the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation; multi-symplectic scheme; Euler-box scheme; solitons ID SYMPLECTIC INTEGRATION; PDES AB In this paper, we present three new schemes for the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The three new schemes are multi-symplectic schemes that preserve the intrinsic geometry property of the equation. The three new schemes are also semi-explicit in the sense that they need not solve linear algebraic equations every time-step, which is usually the most expensive in numerical simulation of partial differential equations. Many numerical experiments on collisions of solitons are presented to show the efficiency of the new multi-symplectic schemes. C1 [Wang, Yushun] Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Math & Comp Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. [Li, Shengtai] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, YS (reprint author), Nanjing Normal Univ, Sch Math & Comp Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. EM wangyushun@njnu.edu.cn RI wang, yushun/A-6938-2015; OI wang, yushun/0000-0001-9719-4144; wang, yushun/0000-0002-6200-220X; Li, Shengtai/0000-0002-4142-3080 FU National Basic Research Program [2005CB321703]; Jiangsu NSF [BK2006725]; NSFC [10471067, 40405019] FX The work was supported by National Basic Research Program under the Grant 2005CB321703, Key Project of Jiangsu NSF (No. BK2006725) and NSFC (No. 10471067 & 40405019). NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7160 J9 INT J COMPUT MATH JI Int. J. Comput. Math. PY 2010 VL 87 IS 4 BP 775 EP 787 DI 10.1080/00207160802195985 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 572IU UT WOS:000275825000007 ER PT J AU Gu, Y Wu, QS Rao, NSV AF Gu, Yi Wu, Qishi Rao, Nageswara S. V. TI Optimizing Cluster Heads for Energy Efficiency in Large-Scale Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISTRIBUTED SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Article ID ALGORITHMS AB Many complex sensor network applications require deploying a large number of inexpensive and small sensors in a vast geographical region to achieve quality through quantity. Hierarchical clustering is generally considered as an efficient and scalable way to facilitate the management and operation of such large-scale networks and minimize the total energy consumption for prolonged lifetime. Judicious selection of cluster heads for data integration and communication is critical to the success of applications based on hierarchical sensor networks organized as layered clusters. We investigate the problem of selecting sensor nodes in a predeployed sensor network to be the cluster heads to minimize the total energy needed for data gathering. We rigorously derive an analytical formula to optimize the number of cluster heads in sensor networks under uniform node distribution, and propose a Distance-based Crowdedness Clustering algorithm to determine the cluster heads in sensor networks under general node distribution. The results from an extensive set of experiments on a large number of simulated sensor networks illustrate the performance superiority of the proposed solution over the clustering schemes based on k-means algorithm. C1 [Gu, Yi; Wu, Qishi] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM qishiwu@memphis.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0721980]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy [PO 4000056349]; University of Memphis FX This research is sponsored by National Science Foundation under Grant no. CNS-0721980 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, under contract no. PO 4000056349 with University of Memphis. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1550-1477 J9 INT J DISTRIB SENS N JI Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. PY 2010 AR 961591 DI 10.1155/2010/961591 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA 707AA UT WOS:000286257700001 ER PT J AU Gao, Z Conklin, JC Daw, CS Chakravarthy, VK AF Gao, Z. Conklin, J. C. Daw, C. S. Chakravarthy, V. K. TI A proposed methodology for estimating transient engine-out temperature and emissions from steady-state maps SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE engine; emissions; transient; methodology; steady-state maps AB Many vehicle systems simulations utilize engine maps constructed from steady-state dynamometer measurements to estimate exhaust temperature and emissions as functions of engine speed and load. Unfortunately, steady-state engine behaviour is often significantly different from actual behaviour under transient driving conditions. This is particularly true for vehicles that undergo repeated engine shutdown and restart (e.g. electric hybrids). The authors propose a methodology for estimating transient engine exhaust properties and fuel economy based on corrections to steady-state maps. The suggested methodology has been implemented in the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) and this implementation is used to demonstrate good agreement with experimental measurements for both a light-duty diesel and a flex-fuel gasoline/ethanol engine. Specific procedures are also recommended for setting key parameters required by the proposed methodology and possible directions for further improvements are suggested. C1 [Gao, Z.; Conklin, J. C.; Daw, C. S.; Chakravarthy, V. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gao, Z (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS6472, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gaoz@ornl.gov OI Gao, Zhiming/0000-0002-7139-7995 FU US Department of Energy; US Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors would like to thank Lee Slezak and the US Department of Energy for funding this research. Special appreciation goes to Brian West, Dean Edwards, and Robert Wagner for providing experimental data and engine maps. The authors are also grateful to Dean Edwards and Charles Finney, at ORNL, who contributed helpful suggestions and insights. Thanks are also owed to the reviewers for their time and helpful comments.; This submission was sponsored by a contractor of the US Government under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains, and the publisher, by accepting this submission for publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains, a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this submission, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 7 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1468-0874 J9 INT J ENGINE RES JI Int. J. Engine Res. PY 2010 VL 11 IS 2 BP 137 EP 151 DI 10.1243/14680874JER05609 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Transportation Science & Technology SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Transportation GA 595UK UT WOS:000277638600005 ER PT J AU Wilson, DM Bell, P Jones, D Hansen, L AF Wilson, Denise M. Bell, Philip Jones, Diane Hansen, Lisa TI A Cross-Sectional Study of Belonging in Engineering Communities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article DE belonging; psychological sense of community; affect; engagement; identity ID STUDENTS; ADOLESCENTS; MOTIVATION; SCHOOL AB Few research efforts in engineering education study the impact of affect on student experience. However, a substantial number of interventions, research centers, and similar organized efforts seek to improve the strength and cohesiveness of the community in which the student spends a substantial part of his or her time. Belonging and the related affective sense of connection to community are viewed implicitly in these efforts as a positive attribute of the intervention, yet rarely are these improvements explicitly measured. This work reports the results of the sense of belonging (and community) of students within a variety of engineering education venues, using measures that have been previously validated in K-12 educational venues and whose validity is confirmed for the higher education, engineering populations studied herein. Differences between the local (immediate) community and the larger community to which the engineering student or faculty belongs have been analyzed in conjunction with the sense of belonging experienced by engineers in five academic venues including conferences, classrooms, and retreats. Overall, the results show that an engineering sense of belonging is highest in local (immediate) venues in which community building is part of the venue mission (along with transformative goals for engineering research education), but lowest in undergraduate engineering classrooms. The sense of belonging in the larger community to which the engineer belongs tends to be highest for faculty, then graduate students, then undergraduate students. Sense of belonging is also highly correlated to the psychological sense of community (PSC), technical competence, and feelings of being socially at ease. Faculty-student relatedness, a major player in student fulfillment, is less correlated to belonging but still (moderately) related. C1 [Wilson, Denise M.; Bell, Philip; Jones, Diane] Univ Washington, Coll Educ, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hansen, Lisa] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Educ, Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM denisew@u.washington.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2010 VL 26 IS 3 SI SI BP 687 EP 698 PG 12 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA 610UT UT WOS:000278764400019 ER PT J AU Helton, JC Johnson, JD Oberkampf, WL Sallaberry, CJ AF Helton, Jon C. Johnson, Jay D. Oberkampf, William L. Sallaberry, Cedric J. TI Representation of analysis results involving aleatory and epistemic uncertainty SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE aleatory uncertainty; epistemic uncertainty; evidence theory; interval analysis; possibility theory; probability theory ID ENVIRONMENTAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; PREDICTOR SMOOTHING METHODS; 1996 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE DISPOSAL; HIGHLY DEPENDABLE SYSTEMS; SAMPLING-BASED METHODS; ISOLATION PILOT-PLANT; LEVEL NUCLEAR-WASTE; LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS; SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS AB Procedures are described for the representation of results in analyses that involve both aleatory uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty, with aleatory uncertainty deriving from an inherent randomness in the behaviour of the system under study and epistemic uncertainty deriving from a lack of knowledge about the appropriate values to use for quantities that are assumed to have fixed but poorly known values in the context of a specific study. Aleatory uncertainty is usually represented with probability and leads to cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) or complementary CDFs (CCDFs) for analysis results of interest. Several mathematical structures are available for the representation of epistemic uncertainty, including interval analysis, possibility theory, evidence theory and probability theory. In the presence of epistemic uncertainty, there is not a single CDF or CCDF for a given analysis result. Rather, there is a family of CDFs and a corresponding family of CCDFs that derive from epistemic uncertainty and have an uncertainty structure that derives from the particular uncertainty structure (e.g. interval analysis, possibility theory, evidence theory or probability theory) used to represent epistemic uncertainty. Graphical formats for the representation of epistemic uncertainty in families of CDFs and CCDFs are investigated and presented for the indicated characterisations of epistemic uncertainty. C1 [Helton, Jon C.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Johnson, Jay D.] ProStat, Mesa, AZ 85204 USA. [Oberkampf, William L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Validat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Sallaberry, Cedric J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Total Syst Performance Assessment Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Helton, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1545, MS 0748, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jchelto@sandia.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work, performed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), which is a multiprogramme laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, was for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Review at SNL was provided by Laura P. Swiler and Timothy G. Trucano. Editorial support was provided by F. Puffer and J. Ripple of Tech Reps, a division of Ktech Corporation. NR 171 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-1079 J9 INT J GEN SYST JI Int. J. Gen. Syst. PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 605 EP 646 AR PII 922565552 DI 10.1080/03081079.2010.486664 PG 42 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 621WZ UT WOS:000279618000002 ER PT J AU Peng, JH Bi, HT Sokhansanj, S Lim, JC Melin, S AF Peng, J. H. Bi, H. T. Sokhansanj, S. Lim, J. C. Melin, S. TI An Economical and Market Analysis of Canadian Wood Pellets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Cost analysis; Energy; Forecast; Market analysis; Torrefied wood pellets; Wood pellets AB This study systematically examined the current and future wood pellet market, estimated the cost of Canadian torrefied pellets, and compared the torrefied pellets with the conventional pellets on the basis of literature and industrial data. The results showed that the wood pellet industry has been gaining significant momentum due to the European bioenergy incentives and the rising oil and natural gas prices. With the new bioenergy incentives in USA, the future pellets market may shift to North America, and Canada can potentially become the largest pellet production centre, supported by the abundant wood residues and mountain pine beetle (MPB)-infested trees. C1 [Peng, J. H.; Bi, H. T.; Sokhansanj, S.; Lim, J. C.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Sokhansanj, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Melin, S.] Delta Res Corp, Delta, BC, Canada. RP Bi, HT (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. EM xbi@chbe.ubc.ca NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1543-5075 J9 INT J GREEN ENERGY JI Int. J. Green Energy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 128 EP 142 AR PII 920911436 DI 10.1080/15435071003673518 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 593PH UT WOS:000277470900002 ER PT J AU Li, Y Calisal, SM AF Li, Ye Calisal, Sander M. TI Estimating Power Output from a Tidal Current Turbine Farm with First-order Approximation of Hydrodynamic Interaction between Turbines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Linear unsteady foil theory; Tidal current turbine; Tidal current turbine farm; Tidal energy AB This article presents a numerical approach to estimate power output from a tidal current turbine farm with first-order approximation of hydrodynamic interactions between multiple turbines. An example study is conducted by using this approach to design a tidal current turbine farm in an ideal site with the objective of maximizing the power output of the farm by optimizing the turbine distribution in the site. The results suggest that the maximum power output of a farm can be significantly improved with the utilization of the constructive hydrodynamic interaction between turbines. Limitation of this approach is discussed at the end. C1 [Li, Ye] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Calisal, Sander M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Mech Engn, Naval Architecture & Offshore Engn Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Calisal, Sander M.] Piri Reis Univ Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, MS3811,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ye.li@nrel.gov FU University of British Columbia; National Science and Engineering Research Council; Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers; Institution of Electronic and Electrical Engineers; American Society of Mechanical Engineers; International Society of Ocean and Polar Engineers FX The authors would like to thank the following agencies for providing fellowships to Ye Li for conducting this research: the University of British Columbia, National Science and Engineering Research Council, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Institution of Electronic and Electrical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and International Society of Ocean and Polar Engineers. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1543-5075 J9 INT J GREEN ENERGY JI Int. J. Green Energy PY 2010 VL 7 IS 2 BP 153 EP 163 AR PII 920911597 DI 10.1080/15435071003673609 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 593PH UT WOS:000277470900004 ER PT J AU Greitzer, FL Podmore, R Robinson, M Ey, P AF Greitzer, Frank L. Podmore, Robin Robinson, Marck Ey, Pamela TI Naturalistic Decision Making for Power System Operators SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article AB Investigations of large-scale outages in the North American interconnected electric system often attribute the causes to three t's: trees, training, and tools. To document and understand the mental processes used by expert operators when making critical decisions, a naturalistic decision making (ndm) model was developed. Transcripts of conversations were analyzed to reveal and assess ndm-based performance criteria. An item analysis indicated that the operators' situation awareness levels, mental models, and mental simulations can be mapped at different points in the training scenario. This may identify improved training methods or analytical/visualization tools. This study applies for the first time the concepts of recognition primed decision making, situation awareness levels, and cognitive task analysis to training of electric power system operators. The ndm approach provides a viable framework for systematic training management to accelerate learning in simulator-based training scenarios for power system operators and teams. C1 [Greitzer, Frank L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Podmore, Robin] Incremental Syst Corp, Issaquah, WA USA. [Robinson, Marck] PowerData Corp, Issaquah, WA USA. [Ey, Pamela] SOS Intl, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Greitzer, FL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K7-28, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Frank.Greitzer@pnl.gov FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; PNNL; Human Factors for Situation Awareness in Power Grid Operations; Southwest Power Pool; Incremental Systems Corporation; PowerData Corporation; SOS Intl FX This work was supported by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. [Information Release No.: PNNL-SA-64674]. We thank Ross Guttromson at PNNL, who made it possible for this collaboration through an internally funded PNNL project, Human Factors for Situation Awareness in Power Grid Operations. We acknowledge Doug Harrington for encouraging us to apply the Recognition Primed Decision Model to power grid human factors; Chuck Johansen, Senior Trainer with SOS Intl, for motivating us to integrate concepts of the R/M Model; and Jeffrey Sill for his contributions to testing and item analysis. We also thank our other respective colleagues at PNNL, Southwest Power Pool, Incremental Systems Corporation, PowerData Corporation, and SOS Intl for their support, ideas, and discussions. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC-TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1044-7318 J9 INT J HUM-COMPUT INT JI Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2010 VL 26 IS 2-3 BP 278 EP 291 AR PII 919688566 DI 10.1080/10447310903499070 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 564NU UT WOS:000275222600012 ER PT J AU Tomsia, AP Carter, WC AF Tomsia, Antoni P. Carter, W. Craig TI The 7th International Workshop on Interfaces: New Materials via Interfacial Control SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Tomsia, Antoni P.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Carter, W. Craig] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555PH UT WOS:000274524600001 ER PT J AU Petford-Long, AK AF Petford-Long, Amanda K. TI The role of interfaces in the behavior of magnetic tunnel junction structures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Interfaces - New Materials Via Interfacial Control CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN DE Interfaces; Tunnel junctions; Magnetic; Electron microscopy ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; 3-DIMENSIONAL ATOM-PROBE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; MAGNETORESISTANCE; BARRIERS; FILMS; TEM AB Magnetic tunnel junctions are nanoscale oxide heterostructures that exhibit the phenomenon of tunnel magnetoresistance. The transport and magnetic behavior of these structures depends critically on parameters such as the layer thickness and the roughness and chemical abruptness of the interfaces between the layers, which are nanometerscale in thickness. We have used high resolution electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy chemical mapping and atom probe tomography to understand the microstructural origins of the magnetic and transport properties of magnetoresistive structures. We have also used in-situ transmission electron microscopy nanobiasing experiments to probe the local transport properties of magnetic tunnel junctions as a function of processing conditions. C1 [Petford-Long, Amanda K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petford-Long, AK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM petford.long@anl.gov RI Petford-Long, Amanda/P-6026-2014 OI Petford-Long, Amanda/0000-0002-3154-8090 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 DI 10.3139/146.110255 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555PH UT WOS:000274524600003 ER PT J AU Varela, M Gazquez, J Lupini, AR Luck, JT Torija, MA Sharma, M Leighton, C Biegalski, MD Christen, HM Murfitt, M Dellby, N Krivanek, O Pennycook, SJ AF Varela, Maria Gazquez, Jaume Lupini, Andy R. Luck, Julia T. Torija, Maria A. Sharma, Manish Leighton, Chris Biegalski, Mike D. Christen, Hans M. Murfitt, Matt Dellby, Niklas Krivanek, Ondrej Pennycook, Stephen J. TI Applications of aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy to thin oxide films and interfaces SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Interfaces - New Materials Via Interfacial Control CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN DE Complex oxides; Thin films; Interfaces; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Electron energy loss spectroscopy ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; RESOLUTION; HETEROSTRUCTURES; IMAGES; EELS AB Aberration Correction in the scanning transmission electron microscope allows spatial resolutions of the order of one Angstrom to be routinely achieved. When combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy, it is possible to simultaneously map the structure, the chemistry and even the electronic properties of materials in one single experiment. Here we will apply these techniques to the characterization of thin films and interfaces based on complex oxides with the perovskite structure. The relatively large lattice parameter of these materials combined with the fact that most of them have absorption edges within the reach of the spectrometer optics makes these materials ideal for these experiments. We will show how it is possible to map the chemistry of interfaces atomic plane by atomic plane, including light elements Such as O. Applications to cobaltite and titanate thin films will be described. C1 [Varela, Maria; Gazquez, Jaume; Lupini, Andy R.; Luck, Julia T.; Pennycook, Stephen J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Torija, Maria A.; Sharma, Manish; Leighton, Chris] Univ Minnesota, Dpt Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Biegalski, Mike D.; Christen, Hans M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Murfitt, Matt; Dellby, Niklas; Krivanek, Ondrej] Nion Co Kirkland, Seattle, WA USA. RP Varela, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 2008,BLDG 4515,MS 6071, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM mvarela@ornl.gov RI Gazquez, Jaume/C-5334-2012; Varela, Maria/H-2648-2012; Christen, Hans/H-6551-2013; Varela, Maria/E-2472-2014 OI Gazquez, Jaume/0000-0002-2561-328X; Christen, Hans/0000-0001-8187-7469; Varela, Maria/0000-0002-6582-7004 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 17 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.3139/146.110244 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555PH UT WOS:000274524600004 ER PT J AU Yoshiya, M Tanaka, I Adachi, H Cannon, RM AF Yoshiya, Masato Tanaka, Isao Adachi, Hirohiko Cannon, Rowland M. TI Theoretical study on the structure and energetics of intergranular glassy film in Si3N4-SiO2 ceramics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Interfaces - New Materials Via Interfacial Control CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN DE Silicon nitride; Grain boundaries; Intergranular film; Segregation; Atomistic simulation ID SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; POLYCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM THICKNESS; ATOMISTIC STRUCTURE; ENERGY; BICRYSTALS; ADDITIVES; CRYSTALS AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate intergranular glassy film in Si3N4-SiO2 ceramics. A 90 degrees-twist grain boundary was employed as a representative random grain boundary and an amorphous structure of the intergranular glassy film was introduced in the calculations. It is found that the presence of the inter,granular glassy film at the grain boundary significantly decreases the number of dangling bonds at the interface originating from geometric strain due to misorientation of adjacent Si3N4 grains. Calculations with a several of thicknesses of the intergranular glassy film revealed that the excess energy significantly decreased with the increase in the thickness smaller than 7.0 angstrom, while further increase in the thickness did not contribute to a release in the geometric strain energy. Equilibrium thickness of the intergranular glassy film was estimated from the calculations. A new approach to estimated the equilibrium thickness is proposed. A possible explanation of the disparity between intergranular glassy film thicknesses of the intergranular glassy film measured by high-resolution electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy is given in terms of ordering of atoms at the interface. C1 [Yoshiya, Masato] Osaka Univ, Dept Adapt Machine Syst, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Yoshiya, Masato; Cannon, Rowland M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yoshiya, Masato; Tanaka, Isao; Adachi, Hirohiko] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto, Japan. RP Yoshiya, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Adapt Machine Syst, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM yoshiya@ams.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp RI Tanaka, Isao/B-5941-2009; Yoshiya, Masato/A-6155-2011 OI Yoshiya, Masato/0000-0003-2029-2525 NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 DI 10.3139/146.110240 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555PH UT WOS:000274524600008 ER PT J AU Gu, H Tanaka, I Cannon, RM Pan, XQ Ruhle, M AF Gu, Hui Tanaka, Isao Cannon, Rowland M. Pan, Xiaoqing Ruehle, Manfred TI Inter-granular glassy phases in the low-CaO-doped HIPed Si3N4 ceramics: a review SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Interfaces - New Materials Via Interfacial Control CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN DE Silicon nitride (Si3N4); Inter-granular film (IGF); Phase separation; Analytical electron microscopy (AEM); Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) ID INTERGRANULAR FILM THICKNESS; SILICON-NITRIDE CERAMICS; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY FILMS; TIO2-DOPED ALPHA-AL2O3 CERAMICS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; SEGREGATION; MICROSTRUCTURE; CARBIDE AB This review outlines the essence of a progressive study on the glassy inter-granular film (IGF) in a model ceramic system, the low-CaO-doped HIPed high-purity Si3N4. This was initiated from the finding of a systematic variation of equilibrium IGF thickness following the dopant chemistry, manifesting its fundamental important to ceramic processing. By employing analytical transmission electron microscopy to measure the local chemistry in IGF, however, significant discrepancy was found between trends of local IGF chemistry and thickness. A stable IGF composition was revealed in this system, while a bi-level distribution of Ca segregation establishes a correspondence between the IGF structure and the surface crystallography. The detection of similar levels of nitrogen in IGF through the whole series further supports the presence of a rather stable IGF chemistry. After the saturation of dopants in the stable IGF. extra CaO was found to re-distribute in pockets by enrichment at tips, leading to a liquid phase separation with the Ca-rich phase wetting the entrance zone contacting IGF. The perspective for establishing a comprehensive correlation between the inter-granular phases and the bi-modal microstructure induced by faster growth of basal facets is briefly discussed to pave the way for future work. C1 [Gu, Hui] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 2005, Peoples R China. [Tanaka, Isao] Kyoto Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kyoto, Japan. [Cannon, Rowland M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Pan, Xiaoqing] Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Ruehle, Manfred] Max Planck Inst Met Res, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Gu, H (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Dingxi Rd 1295, Shanghai 2005, Peoples R China. EM gu@mail.sic.ac.cn RI Tanaka, Isao/B-5941-2009 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.3139/146.110242 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555PH UT WOS:000274524600009 ER PT J AU Sturm, S Gulgun, MA Richter, G Morales, FM Cannon, RM Ruhle, M AF Sturm, Saso Gulgun, Mehmet A. Richter, Gunther Morales, Francisco M. Cannon, Rowland M. Ruehle, Manfred TI The role of Si impurities in the transient dopant segregation and precipitation in yttrium-doped alumina SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Interfaces - New Materials Via Interfacial Control CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN DE Precipitation; Grain boundary segregation; Interfaces; Abnormal grain growth; Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY SEGREGATION; ALPHA-ALUMINA; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; TRANSITIONS; INTERFACES; MIGRATION; CERAMICS AB Y-doped alumina was sintered at 1500 degrees C for 10 h under ultra-clean experimental conditions without experiencing any abnormal grain growth. The yttrium was fairly homogeneously distributed at the grain boundaries, with a mean value of (Gamma) over bar (Y) = 5.5 at nm(-2). The Y-Al-O precipitates in the clean, Y(2)O(3)-doped alumina specimen were the YAP (YAlO(3)) phase, whereas only the YAG (Y(3)Al(5)O(12)) phase was present in the Y(2)O(3)-doped alumina samples contaminated with SiO(2). The excess concentrations of Y and Si atoms at the grain boundaries that, at the same time, provoke the formation of structurally complex YAG precipitates and abnormal grain growth were both estimated to be at 4-5 at nm(-2). The compositions of the triple point pocket phases found in the region of the exaggeratedly grown alumina grains indicate the presence of alumino-silicate bulk liquids at the sintering temperature. C1 [Sturm, Saso] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Nanostructured Mat, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Gulgun, Mehmet A.] Sabanci Univ, FENS, Istanbul, Turkey. [Richter, Gunther; Ruehle, Manfred] Max Planck Inst Met Res, Stuttgart, Germany. [Morales, Francisco M.] Univ Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain. [Cannon, Rowland M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sturm, S (reprint author), Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Nanostructured Mat, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. EM saso.sturm@ijs.si RI Richter, Gunther/F-6222-2011; OI Sturm, Saso/0000-0003-0019-7491; Morales, Francisco Miguel/0000-0002-8341-2478 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.3139/146.110258 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555PH UT WOS:000274524600013 ER PT J AU Miranda, M Fernandez, A Saiz, E Tomsia, AP Torrecillas, R AF Miranda, Miriam Fernandez, Adolfo Saiz, Eduardo Tomsia, Antoni P. Torrecillas, Ramon TI Application of new forming and sintering techniques to obtain hydroxyapatite and beta-TCP nanostructured composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Interfaces - New Materials Via Interfacial Control CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Santiago de Compostela, SPAIN DE Hydroxyapatite; beta-TCP; Robocasting; SPS; Bioceramics ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CERAMICS; TRICALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; BONE; FABRICATION; SCAFFOLDS; INKS AB Calcium phosphate based bioceramics have an important position in the bone substitutions field, because of their excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconduction characteristics. To enhance the bone ingrowth between implants and natural bone a hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/beta-TCP) composite has been chosen. The composites were formed by the robocasting technique for being sintered in conventional furnace under air. The behaviour of the system HA/beta-TCP was Studied with the aim of employing the optimal conditions to sinter the samples formed by robocasting. The final composition in each sample was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and quantified by the Rietveld method. A powder Mixture with the same HA/beta-TCP composition was formed and sintered by another non-conventional technique: Spark plasma sintering. Finally, the phase compositions and microstructures obtained by both techniques were compared. C1 [Miranda, Miriam; Fernandez, Adolfo; Torrecillas, Ramon] CSIC, CINN, Oviedo, Spain. [Saiz, Eduardo; Tomsia, Antoni P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miranda, M (reprint author), CT Mat Met, Ctr Invest Nanomat & Nanotecnol, Parque Tecnol Asturias, Llanera 33428, Asturias, Spain. EM m.miranda@cinn.es RI Torrecillas, Ramon/G-7851-2011 OI Torrecillas, Ramon/0000-0003-3856-0217 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 101 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.3139/146.110247 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 555PH UT WOS:000274524600017 ER PT J AU Wang, MR Chen, Q Kang, QJ Pan, N Ben-Naim, E AF Wang, Moran Chen, Qun Kang, Qinjun Pan, Ning Ben-Naim, Eli TI Nonlinear effective properties of unsaturated porous materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR SCIENCES AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE effective property; unsaturated porous media; phase interaction; nonlinear response ID EFFECTIVE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; EFFECTIVE DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; HEAT-CONDUCTION; BOLTZMANN METHOD; ELEMENT METHOD; MEDIA; MICROCHANNELS; SIMULATIONS; SATURATION; PREDICTION AB We have investigated the nonlinear responses in terms of effective properties of unsaturated porous materials using a numerical framework. The multiphase microstructure is reconstructed through a random generation-growth method, and the transport governing equations are solved efficiently by a lattice Boltzmann model. After validation, the present framework is used to study the nonlinear behavior of thermal conductivity and electrical permittivity caused by the saturation degree and the phase interaction for multiphase materials. The results show that the effective thermal conductivity of unsaturated porous materials changes with the phase interaction ratio, while the effective permittivity decrease monotonously with the phase interaction. Mechanism analyses indicate that these nonlinear behaviors lie in the role of the liquid phase in the transport. For the thermal conductivity, the liquid phase plays a "bridge" function because its conductivity is between those of the solid and the gas. A better bridge network would enhance the overall effective thermal conductivity. However for the electrical permittivity, the liquid phase acts the leading force for transport and a more effective liquid phase connection will hence lead to a higher effective electrical permittivity of the multiphase system. C1 [Wang, Moran; Kang, Qinjun] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Moran; Ben-Naim, Eli] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Condensed Matter & Complex Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Moran; Ben-Naim, Eli] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Study, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chen, Qun] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Chen, Qun; Pan, Ning] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pan, Ning] Donghua Univ, Ctr Phys Fibrous Soft Matters, Shanghai 200051, Peoples R China. RP Wang, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mwang@lanl.gov RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010; Pan, Ning/B-1315-2008 OI Pan, Ning/0000-0002-8772-2596 NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU FREUND PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD PI TEL AVIV PA PO BOX 35010, TEL AVIV 61350, ISRAEL SN 1565-1339 J9 INT J NONLIN SCI NUM JI Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. PD JAN PY 2010 VL 11 IS 1 SI SI BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA 572RB UT WOS:000275849400007 ER PT J AU Salazar-Villalpando, MD Cugini, A Miller, AC AF Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D. Cugini, Anthony Miller, Adam C. TI Catalyst characterisation of Fe-doped-titanium dioxide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OIL GAS AND COAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE iron-doped TiO2; X-Ray diffraction; XRD; Raman spectroscopy; scanning electron microscope imaging; SEM; BET surface area; X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy; XPS; ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy; UV-vis DRS ID PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; PARTIAL OXIDATION; TIO2 POWDERS; DEGRADATION; NANOPARTICLES; PERFORMANCE; PYROLYSIS; METHANE; METAL AB Fe (5 wt. %) doped TiO2 was synthesised using a hydrothermal method. This material was characterised by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, BET surface area, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). The BET surface area was 136 m(2)/g and crystal sizes of 1.6 microns. SEM results showed crystal structures that were regular and pyramidal in shape. This catalyst only showed anatase phase. This favoured phase could be due to iron ions inserted into the TiO2 lattice and forming Ti-O-Fe bonds. It was found that doping TiO2 with 5 wt. % Fe caused a red shift in the absorption of the material to the visible light range and there was an increased absorption in the ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, in the 450-590 nm range. These characteristics are very favourable for the use of 'free' visible light in order to activate the Fe (5 wt. %) doped TiO2 photocatalyst. [Received: September 4, 2009; Accepted: November 30, 2009] C1 [Salazar-Villalpando, Maria D.; Cugini, Anthony] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Miller, Adam C.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Salazar-Villalpando, MD (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM Anthony.cugini@netl.doe.gov; Maria.Salazar@netl.doe.gov; adam.miller@or.netl.doe.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1753-3309 J9 INT J OIL GAS COAL T JI Int. J. Oil Gas Coal Technol. PY 2010 VL 3 IS 1 SI SI BP 75 EP 87 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 828GM UT WOS:000295489500006 ER EF