FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Dilmanian, FA Rusek, A Desnoyers, NR Park, JY Dane, B Dioszegi, I Hurley, SD O'Banion, MK Tomasi, D Wang, RL Meek, AG AF Dilmanian, F. A. Rusek, Adam Desnoyers, Nicolle R. Park, Jane Y. Dane, Bari Dioszegi, Istvan Hurley, Sean D. O'Banion, M. K. Tomasi, Dardo Wang, Ruiliang Meek, Allen G. TI INTERLACED CARBON MICROBEAMS: AN EXPERIMENTAL RADIOSURGERY METHOD SO NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Advances in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Crohns and Colitis Foundations National Clinical and Research Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2010 CL Hollywood, FL C1 [Dilmanian, F. A.; Rusek, Adam; Desnoyers, Nicolle R.; Park, Jane Y.; Dane, Bari; Dioszegi, Istvan; Tomasi, Dardo; Wang, Ruiliang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hurley, Sean D.; O'Banion, M. K.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Meek, Allen G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1522-8517 J9 NEURO-ONCOLOGY JI Neuro-Oncology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 SU 4 BP 108 EP 108 PG 1 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 691LX UT WOS:000285082400461 ER PT J AU Fadely, R Allam, SS Baker, AJ Lin, HA Lutz, D Shapley, AE Shin, MS Smith, JA Strauss, MA Tucker, DL AF Fadely, Ross Allam, Sahar S. Baker, Andrew J. Lin, Huan Lutz, Dieter Shapley, Alice E. Shin, Min-Su Smith, J. Allyn Strauss, Michael A. Tucker, Douglas L. TI MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF TWO LENSED STAR-FORMING GALAXIES SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: individual (J120602.09+514229.5, J090122.37+181432.3); infrared: galaxies ID LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRALUMINOUS INFRARED GALAXIES; SPITZER-IRS SPECTROSCOPY; GOODS-NORTH FIELD; MU-M SAMPLE; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; STARBURST GALAXIES; H-ALPHA; LUMINOUS GALAXIES AB We present low-resolution, rest-frame similar to 5-12 mu m Spitzer/IRS spectra of two lensed z similar to 2 UV-bright star-forming galaxies, SDSS J120602.09+514229.5 and SDSS J090122.37+181432.3. Using the magnification boost from lensing, we are able to study the physical properties of these objects in greater detail than is possible for unlensed systems. In both targets, we detect strong polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission at 6.2, 7.7, and 11.3 mu m, indicating the presence of vigorous star formation. For J1206, we find a steeply rising continuum and significant [S IV] emission, suggesting that a moderately hard radiation field is powering continuum emission from small dust grains. The strength of the [S IV] emission also implies a sub-solar metallicity of similar to 0.5 Z(circle dot), confirming published rest-frame optical measurements. In J0901, the PAH lines have large rest-frame equivalent widths (>1 mu m) and the continuum rises slowly with wavelength, suggesting that any active galactic nucleus (AGN) contribution to L(IR) is insignificant, in contrast to the implications of optical emission-line diagnostics. Using [O III] line flux as a proxy for AGN strength, we estimate that the AGN in J0901 provides only a small fraction of its mid-infrared continuum flux. By combining the detection of [Ar II] with an upper limit on [Ar III] emission, we infer a metallicity of greater than or similar to 1.3 Z(circle dot). This work highlights the importance of combining rest-frame optical and mid-IR spectroscopy in order to understand the detailed properties of star-forming galaxies at high redshift. C1 [Fadely, Ross; Baker, Andrew J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Allam, Sahar S.; Lin, Huan; Tucker, Douglas L.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Lutz, Dieter] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Shapley, Alice E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Shin, Min-Su] Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Smith, J. Allyn] Austin Peay State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clarksville, TN 37044 USA. [Strauss, Michael A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fadely, R (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM fadely@physics.rutgers.edu; sallam@fnal.gov; ajbaker@physics.rutgers.edu; hlin@fnal.gov; lutz@mpe.mpg.de; aes@astro.ucla.edu; msshin@umich.edu; smithj@apsu.edu; strauss@astro.princeton.edu; dtucker@fnal.gov OI Tucker, Douglas/0000-0001-7211-5729 FU NASA through JPL/Caltech; NASA FX We thank Eckhard Sturm for providing template spectra of local galaxies in electronic form, and Anderson West and Tom Diehl for sharing the results of their lens modeling. This work is based on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA through two awards issued by JPL/Caltech. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/729 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100063 ER PT J AU Culverhouse, TL Bonamente, M Bulbul, E Carlstrom, JE Gralla, MB Greer, C Hasler, N Hawkins, D Hennessy, R Jetha, NN Joy, M Lamb, JW Leitch, EM Marrone, DP Miller, A Mroczkowski, T Muchovej, S Pryke, C Sharp, M Woody, D Andreon, S Maughan, B Stanford, SA AF Culverhouse, T. L. Bonamente, M. Bulbul, E. Carlstrom, J. E. Gralla, M. B. Greer, C. Hasler, N. Hawkins, D. Hennessy, R. Jetha, N. N. Joy, M. Lamb, J. W. Leitch, E. M. Marrone, D. P. Miller, A. Mroczkowski, T. Muchovej, S. Pryke, C. Sharp, M. Woody, D. Andreon, S. Maughan, B. Stanford, S. A. TI GALAXY CLUSTERS AT z >= 1: GAS CONSTRAINTS FROM THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH ARRAY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium ID X-RAY MEASUREMENTS; HIGH-REDSHIFT; SCALING RELATIONS; HUBBLE CONSTANT; CHANDRA; TELESCOPE; COSMOLOGY; UNIVERSE AB We present gas constraints from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect measurements in a sample of 11 X-ray and infrared (IR) selected galaxy clusters at z >= 1, using data from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Array (SZA). The cylindrically integrated Compton-y parameter, Y, is calculated by fitting the data to a two-parameter gas pressure profile. Where possible, we also determine the temperature of the hot intracluster plasma from Chandra and XMM-Newton data and constrain the gas mass within the same aperture (r(2500)) as Y. The SZ effect is detected in the clusters for which the X-ray data indicate gas masses above similar to 10(13) M(circle dot), including XMMU J2235-2557 at redshift z = 1.39, which to date is one of the most distant clusters detected using the SZ effect. None of the IR-selected targets are detected by the SZA measurements, indicating low gas masses for these objects. For these and the four other undetected clusters, we quote upper limits on Y and M(gas,SZ), with the latter derived from scaling relations calibrated with lower redshift clusters. We compare the constraints on Y and X-ray-derived gas mass M(gas,X-ray) to self-similar scaling relations between these observables determined from observations of lower redshift clusters, finding consistency given the measurement error. C1 [Culverhouse, T. L.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Gralla, M. B.; Greer, C.; Hennessy, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Marrone, D. P.; Pryke, C.; Sharp, M.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Culverhouse, T. L.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Gralla, M. B.; Greer, C.; Hennessy, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Pryke, C.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bonamente, M.; Bulbul, E.; Hasler, N.; Jetha, N. N.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Bonamente, M.; Jetha, N. N.; Joy, M.] NASA, Space Sci VP62, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Marrone, D. P.; Pryke, C.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Sharp, M.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Hawkins, D.; Lamb, J. W.; Muchovej, S.; Woody, D.] CALTECH, Owens Valley Radio Observ, Big Pine, CA 93513 USA. [Miller, A.; Mroczkowski, T.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Miller, A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Mroczkowski, T.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Mroczkowski, T.; Muchovej, S.] Columbia Univ, Dept Astron, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Andreon, S.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-20121 Milan, Italy. [Maughan, B.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Stanford, S. A.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95618 USA. [Stanford, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Culverhouse, TL (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. OI Andreon, Stefano/0000-0002-2041-8784 FU NSF [AST-0604982, AST-0838187, AST-0507545, AST-05-07161]; University of Chicago [PHY-0114422]; CARMA partner universities; NASA [HF-51259.01] FX The operation of the SZA is supported by the NSF through grant AST-0604982 and AST-0838187. Partial support is also provided from grant PHY-0114422 at the University of Chicago, and by the NSF grants AST-0507545 and AST-05-07161 to Columbia University. CARMA operations are supported by the NSF under a cooperative agreement, and by the CARMA partner universities. S.M. acknowledges support from an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship; C.G., S.M., and M.S. from NSF Graduate Research Fellowships; D.P.M. from NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HF-51259.01. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP L78 EP L83 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L78 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LJ UT WOS:000284075200016 ER PT J AU Hemmert, S AF Hemmert, Scott TI Green HPC From Nice to Necessity Introduction SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Hemmert, Scott] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hemmert, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kshemme@sandia.gov NR 3 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2010.134 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 676PT UT WOS:000283925600002 ER PT J AU Sartor, D Wilson, M AF Sartor, Dale Wilson, Mark TI Money for Research, Not Energy Bills: Finding Energy and Cost Savings in High-Performance Computer Facility Designs SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB High-performance computing facilities in the US consume enormous amounts of electricity, cutting into research budgets and challenging efforts to reduce energy consumption and meet environmental goals. Facility designs that target efficiency greatly reduce energy demand. This case study describes strategies and technologies to achieve facility energy reductions through thoughtful design. C1 [Sartor, Dale] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Applicat Team, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Sartor, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Bldg Technol Applicat Team, Berkeley, CA USA. EM dasartor@lbl.gov; mark@drewmarkcom.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2010.137 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 676PT UT WOS:000283925600003 ER PT J AU Jensen, DW Rodrigues, AF AF Jensen, David W. Rodrigues, Arun F. TI Embedded Systems and Exascale Computing SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB What do the architectures of a future exascale computing system and a future battery-operated embedded system have in common? At first glance, their requirements and challenges seem unrelated. However, discussions and collaboration on the projects revealed not only similar requirements, but many common power and packaging issues as well. C1 [Jensen, David W.] Rockwell Collins, Adv Technol Ctr, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. [Rodrigues, Arun F.] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Comp Architecture Grp, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jensen, DW (reprint author), Rockwell Collins, Adv Technol Ctr, Cedar Rapids, IA USA. EM dwjensen@rockwellcollins.com; afrodri@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 20 EP 29 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2010.95 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 676PT UT WOS:000283925600004 ER PT J AU Murphy, R Sterling, T Dekate, C AF Murphy, Richard Sterling, Thomas Dekate, Chirag TI Advanced Architectures and Execution Models to Support Green Computing SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BENCHMARK AB Creating the next generation of power-efficient parallel computers requires a rethink of the mechanisms and methodology for building parallel applications. Energy constraints have pushed us into a regime where parallelism will be ubiquitous rather than limited to highly specialized high-end supercomputers. New execution models are required to span all scales, from desktop to supercomputer. C1 [Murphy, Richard] Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Syst Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dekate, Chirag] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Murphy, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Scalable Syst Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rcmurph@sandia.gov; tron@cct.lsu.edu; cdekate@cct.lsu.edu FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 12 IS 6 BP 38 EP 47 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2010.124 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 676PT UT WOS:000283925600006 ER PT J AU Jollands, N Waide, P Ellis, M Onoda, T Laustsen, J Tanaka, K de T'Serclaes, P Barnsley, I Bradley, R Meier, A AF Jollands, Nigel Waide, Paul Ellis, Mark Onoda, Takao Laustsen, Jens Tanaka, Kanako de T'Serclaes, Philippine Barnsley, Ingrid Bradley, Rick Meier, Alan TI The 25 IEA energy efficiency policy recommendations to Plan of Action SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Energy efficiency; Policy; G8 AB The imperative to pursue energy efficiency improvements is clearly on the political agenda at all levels of governments. This paper explores the lessons from past attempts at galvanising international efforts to expand energy efficiency activities through the use of international-level recommendations. Drawing on these lessons, the paper outlines the IEA response to the call for policy advice on energy efficiency through the G8 Gleneagles Plan of Action. Specifically, the paper outlines a 'necessary conditions' framework that was used to develop a set of energy efficiency policy priorities and describes the subsequent recommendations presented to the G8 in Hokkaido-Toyako Summit in 2008. The recommendations cover 25 fields of action in seven priority areas: buildings, appliances, lighting, transport, industry, energy utilities and cross-sectoral issues. Together, the suite of recommendations sets out an ambitious road map for global energy efficiency improvement. If implemented globally without delay, they could save around 8.2 GtCO(2)/yr or 96 EJ/yr by 2030. This is equivalent to roughly twice the current total EU energy-related CO(2) emissions. (C) 2010 International Energy Agency. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Meier, Alan] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM nigel.jollands@iea.org NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 SI SI BP 6409 EP 6418 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.090 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672CZ UT WOS:000283561900004 ER PT J AU Bolinger, M Wiser, R Darghouth, N AF Bolinger, Mark Wiser, Ryan Darghouth, Naim TI Preliminary evaluation of the Section 1603 treasury grant program for renewable power projects in the United States SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Wind power; Cash versus tax incentives; Financing AB This article evaluates the first year of the Section 1603 Treasury cash grant program, which enables renewable power projects in the US to elect cash grants in lieu of the federal tax credits that are otherwise available. To date, the program has been heavily subscribed, particularly by wind power projects, which had received 86% of the nearly $2.6 billion in grants that had been disbursed as of March 1, 2010. As of that date, 6.2 GW of the 10 GW of new wind capacity installed in the US in 2009 had applied for grants in lieu of production tax credits. Roughly 2.4 GW of this wind capacity may not have otherwise been built in 2009 in the absence of the grant program; this 2.4 GW may have supported approximately 51,600 short-term full-time-equivalent (FTE) gross job-years in the US during the construction phase of these wind projects, and 3860 long-term FTE gross jobs during the operational phase. The program's popularity stems from the significant economic value that it provides to renewable power projects, relative to the otherwise available tax credits. Although grants reward investment rather than efficient performance, this evaluation finds no evidence at this time of either widespread "gold-plating" or performance problems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan; Darghouth, Naim] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bolinger, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MABolinger@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (Permitting, Siting, and Analysis Division) and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work described in this report was funded by the US Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (Permitting, Siting, and Analysis Division) and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Wind & Hydropower Technologies Program) under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 SI SI BP 6804 EP 6819 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.06.054 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672CZ UT WOS:000283561900044 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DD Trunk, J Nakhimovsky, L Spanget-Larsen, J AF Nguyen, Duy Duc Trunk, John Nakhimovsky, Lina Spanget-Larsen, Jens TI Electronic transitions of fluorene, dibenzofuran, carbazole, and dibenzothiophene From the onset of absorption to the ionization threshold SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Electronic transitions; Synchrotron radiation; Gas phase spectroscopy; Crystal spectroscopy; Linear dichroism (LD); Polarization directions; Time dependent density functional theory; (TD DFT) ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LINEAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; REBECCAMYCIN ANALOG; PHASE-I; STATES; NSC-655649; MOLECULES; BEAMLINES AB A comparative study of the electronic transitions of fluorene and its hetero-analogues dibenzofuran carbazole and dibenzothiophene was performed in a wide energy range Gas phase crystal phase and linear dichroism electronic transmittance spectra were measured with synchrotron radiation Electronic transitions to excited singlet states were predicted with time-dependent density functional theory TD-B3LYP/6-31+G(d p) Based on the experimental and theoretical results symmetry assignments of electronic transitions in the vacuum and near-UV region are suggested The correspondence between excited states in these molecules similarities and differences between their electronic spectra are discussed (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Nguyen, Duy Duc; Spanget-Larsen, Jens] Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Sci Syst & Models, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Trunk, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Nakhimovsky, Lina] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Spanget-Larsen, J (reprint author), Roskilde Univ Ctr, Dept Sci Syst & Models, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Basic Energy of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Institute for Storage Ring Facilities (ISA) at Aarhus University; Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training; ENRECA FX Gas phase and crystal spectroscopy were performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source which is supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research and by the Office of Basic Energy of the US Department of Energy under Contract No DE-AC02-98CH10886 The work in Denmark was supported by grants of beam time at the Institute for Storage Ring Facilities (ISA) at Aarhus University The stay of Nguyen Duc Duy at Roskilde University was enabled by a PhD scholarship granted by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training Additional support was provided by an ENRECA grant We wish to thank Phil Johnson John Sutherland and Ivan Lubjic for useful discussions and Soren Vronmng Hoffmann and Nykola C Jones for technical assistance NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 264 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/jjms.2010.08.009 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 679SS UT WOS:000284181700003 ER PT J AU Maki, A Weber, A Nibler, JW Masiello, T Blake, TA Kirkpatrick, R AF Maki, Arthur Weber, Alfons Nibler, Joseph W. Masiello, Tony Blake, Thomas A. Kirkpatrick, Robynne TI High resolution infrared spectroscopy of [111]propellane The region of the v(9) band SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Propellane; High resolution infrared spectrum; Rovibrational constants; Ab initio DFT study; Anharmonic frequencies ID MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; BICYCLO<1.1.1>PENTANE AB The region of the Infrared active band of the v(9) CH2 bending mode [1 1 1]propellane has been recorded at a resolution (0 0025 cm(-1)) sufficient to distinguish individual rovibrational lines This region includes the partially overlapping bands v(9) (e')= 1459 cm(-1) 2v(18) (l = 2 E)= 1430 cm(-1) v(6) + v(12) (E')= 1489 cm(-1) and v(4) + v(15) (A(2))= 1518 cm(-1) In addition the difference band v(4) -v(15) (A(2)') was observed in the far Infrared near 295 cm(-1) and analyzed to give good constants for the upper v(4) levels The close proximities of the four bands in the v(9) region suggest that Coriolis and Fermi resonance couplings could be significant and theoretical band parameters obtained from Gaussian ab initio calculations were helpful in guiding the band analyses The analyses of all four bands were accomplished based on our earlier report of ground state constants determined from combination differences involving more than 4000 pairs of transitions from five fundamental and four combination bands This paper presents the analyses and the determination of the upper state constants of all four bands in the region of the v(9) band Complications were most evident in the 2v(18) (l = 2 E) band which showed significant perturbations due to mixing with the nearby 2v(18) (l = 0 A(1)) and v(4) + v(12) (E') levels which are either infrared inactive as transitions from the ground state or in the latter case too weak to observe These complications are discussed and a comparison of all molecular constants with those available from the ab mina calculations at the anharmonic level is presented (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Nibler, Joseph W.; Kirkpatrick, Robynne] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. [Weber, Alfons] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Masiello, Tony] Calif State Univ Hayward, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hayward, CA 94542 USA. [Blake, Thomas A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. FU Department of Energy 's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Oregon State University FX The research described here was performed in part in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy 's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory We thank Robert Sams for helpful advice and assistance in recording the infrared spectra of propellane in this facility and Dr Tim Hubler also at PNNL for his advice on synthesis techniques J Nibler acknowledges a Camille and Henry Dreyfus Senior Scientist Mentor Award which was used in part to support undergraduates N Jariyasopit M Martin and A Perry for this and other studies of propellane [1 2] and bicyclopentane[18] R Kirkpatrick is grateful for Shoemaker and Harris Fellowships at Oregon State University NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 264 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2010.08.008 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 679SS UT WOS:000284181700004 ER PT J AU Komesu, T Waddill, GD Yu, SW Butterfield, MT Tobin, JG AF Komesu, Takashi Waddill, G. D. Yu, S. -W. Butterfield, M. T. Tobin, J. G. TI Isolation of exchange- and spin-orbit-driven effects via manipulation of the axis of quantization SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ADVANCED-PHOTON-SOURCE; X-RAY DICHROISM; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; FE FILMS; PHOTOEMISSION; DIFFRACTION; CE; ORIENTATION; CU(100) AB Double polarization photoelectron spectroscopy using circularly polarized x-rays and true spin detection has been performed using the 2p core levels of ultrathin films of Fe and Co. This includes both the separation into magnetization-and spin-specific spectra and an analysis of the polarization, asymmetry, and related quantities. It is shown how to selectively manipulate the manifestation of exchange-and spin-orbit effects simply by choosing different axes of quantization. Furthermore, the underlying simplicity of the results can be confirmed by comparison to a simple yet powerful single-electron picture. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3498716] C1 [Yu, S. -W.; Butterfield, M. T.; Tobin, J. G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, LLNS LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Komesu, Takashi; Waddill, G. D.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Rolla, MO 65401 USA. RP Tobin, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, LLNS LLC, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM tobin1@llnl.gov RI Tobin, James/O-6953-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; Office of Basic Energy Science at DOE FX Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. The APS has been built and operated under funding from the Office of Basic Energy Science at DOE. We would like to thank the scientific and technical staff of Sector 4 of the Advanced Photon Source for their technical assistance in supporting this work. T.K. would like to thank Peter A. Dowben at University of Nebraska-Lincoln for valuable scientific discussions. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1371 EP 1376 DI 10.1116/1.3498716 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 674LL UT WOS:000283745300018 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Garcia, MR Masri, SF Ghanem, R Figueiredo, E Farrar, CR AF Hernandez-Garcia, Miguel R. Masri, Sami F. Ghanem, Roger Figueiredo, Eloi Farrar, Charles R. TI A structural decomposition approach for detecting, locating, and quantifying nonlinearities in chain-like systems SO STRUCTURAL CONTROL & HEALTH MONITORING LA English DT Article DE nonlinear identification; data-driven; uncertain systems; chain-like systems ID NONPARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION; DYNAMICS AB Experimental data from a test-bed structure tested at the Los Alamos National Laboratory are used to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of a data-driven non-parametric technique to identify nonlinearities in uncertain MDOF chain-like systems. The results of this study showed that the proposed approach was able, in a stochastic framework, to confidently detect the presence of nonlinearities, accurately locate the structural section where the nonlinear effects were observed, and provide an estimate of the severity of the nonlinearity. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Hernandez-Garcia, Miguel R.; Masri, Sami F.; Ghanem, Roger] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Figueiredo, Eloi] Univ Porto, Dept Civil Engn, P-4200465 Oporto, Portugal. [Farrar, Charles R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hernandez-Garcia, MR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM miguelrh@usc.edu RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012; Ghanem, Roger/B-8570-2008; OI Ghanem, Roger/0000-0002-1890-920X; Figueiredo, Eloi/0000-0002-9168-6903; Farrar, Charles/0000-0001-6533-6996 FU National Science Foundation FX This study was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1545-2255 J9 STRUCT CONTROL HLTH JI Struct. Control. Health Monit. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 7 SI SI BP 761 EP 777 DI 10.1002/stc.396 PG 17 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 677SE UT WOS:000284011300005 ER PT J AU Djidjev, HN AF Djidjev, Hristo N. TI A Faster Algorithm for Computing the Girth of Planar and Bounded Genus Graphs SO ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ALGORITHMS LA English DT Article DE Girth; graphs; graph algorithms; planar graphs; cycles; graph separators; graph genus; shortest paths; dynamic algorithms; hammock decomposition; path and circuit problems ID SEPARATOR THEOREM; CHROMATIC NUMBER; SHORTEST PATHS; LENGTH; CYCLES AB The girth of a graph G is the length of a shortest cycle of G. In this article we design an O(n(5/4) log n) algorithm for finding the girth of an undirected n-vertex planar graph, the first o(n(2)) algorithm for this problem. We also extend our results for the class of graphs embedded into an orientable surface of small genus. Our approach uses several techniques such as graph partitioning, hammock decomposition, graph covering, and dynamic shortest-path computation. We discuss extensions and generalizations of our result. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Djidjev, HN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS B256, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM djidjev@lanl.gov FU Department of Energy [W-705-ENG-36]; Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD-DR; EPA [R82-5207-01-0]; EPSRC [GR/M60750]; RTDF [98/99-0140] FX This work has been supported by the Department of Energy under contract W-705-ENG-36, by the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD-DR Grant "Statistical Physics of Infrastructure Networks", by the EPA grant R82-5207-01-0, by EPSRC grant GR/M60750, and by RTDF grant 98/99-0140. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 2 PENN PLAZA, STE 701, NEW YORK, NY 10121-0701 USA SN 1549-6325 J9 ACM T ALGORITHMS JI ACM Trans. Algorithms PD NOV PY 2010 VL 7 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1145/1868237.1868240 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 740WL UT WOS:000288825000003 ER PT J AU Mu, J Zhu, ZW Zhang, HF Hu, ZQ Wang, YD Ren, Y AF Mu, J. Zhu, Z. W. Zhang, H. F. Hu, Z. Q. Wang, Y. D. Ren, Y. TI Thermal behaviors of Al-based amorphous alloys bearing nanocrystalline In particles SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Melt-spinning; Nanocrystalline materials; Interface structure; Melting behavior; Crystallization ID BULK METALLIC GLASSES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MELTING BEHAVIOR; EMBEDDED NANOPARTICLES; COMPRESSIVE PLASTICITY; MATRIX COMPOSITES; PB PARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINUM; CRYSTALLIZATION AB We successfully fabricated nanocrystalline (NC) indium (In) particles embedded in Al-based amorphous matrix. Systematic investigations indicate that thermal interaction between the NC In and the amorphous matrix significantly influences their respective thermal behaviors. The melting temperature of NC In was found to be depressed by 10-30 K, owing to the specific interfacial structure of NC In/amorphous system. The simultaneous appearance of the liquid/amorphous interface destabilizes the amorphous matrix, leading to face-centered cubic-Al precipitation at the interface of In sphere/amorphous matrix at a relatively lower temperature. This effect is attributed to the diffusion of La from the matrix to the liquid In particles. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mu, J.; Zhu, Z. W.; Zhang, H. F.; Hu, Z. Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. [Mu, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Wang, Y. D.] Beijing Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Ren, Y.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, HF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. EM hfzhang@imr.ac.cn RI wang, yandong/G-9404-2013; Zhu, Zheng-Wang/D-2799-2017 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006CB605201]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [50825402, 50725102]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-ACO2-06CH11357] FX PJ Shang and ZQ Liu in Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences are appreciated for performing the in situ TEM experiments. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grants No. 2006CB605201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50825402 and 50725102). Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Science, under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 19 BP 6267 EP 6275 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.07.048 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 675EB UT WOS:000283807900006 ER PT J AU Dean, SW Pantoya, ML Gash, AE Stacy, SC Hope-Weeks, LJ AF Dean, S. W. Pantoya, M. L. Gash, A. E. Stacy, S. C. Hope-Weeks, L. J. TI Enhanced Convective Heat Transfer in Nongas Generating Nanoparticle Thermites SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; enhanced convection; reaction mechanisms; nano-aluminum; thermites; CuO; NiO; peak pressures; flame speeds; DSC; TGA; XRD; gas generation; flame propagation ID AL/CUO NANOSCALE THERMITE; ALUMINUM; PROPAGATION; COMBUSTION; OXIDATION; FLAME; GAS AB Flame propagation and peak pressure measurements were taken of two nanoscaled thermites using aluminum (Al) fuel and copper oxide (CuO) or nickel oxide (NiO) oxidizers in a confined flame tube apparatus. Thermal equilibrium simulations predict that. the Al + CuO reaction exhibits high gas generation and, thus, high convective flame propagation rates while the Al + NiO reaction produces little to no gas and, therefore, should exhibit much lower flame propagation rates. Results show flame propagation rates ranged between 200 m/s and 600 m/s and peak pressures ranged between 1.7 MPa and 3.7 MPa for both composites. These results were significantly higher than expected for the Al + NiO, which generates virtually no gas. For nanometric Al particles, oxidation has recently been described by a melt-dispersion oxidation mechanism that involves a dispersion of high velocity alumina shell fragments and molten Al droplets that promote a pressure build-up by inducing a bulk movement of fluid. This mechanism unique to nanoparticle reaction may promote convection without the need for additional gas generation. [DOT: 10.1115/1.4001933] C1 [Dean, S. W.; Pantoya, M. L.; Stacy, S. C.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. [Gash, A. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Hope-Weeks, L. J.] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Pantoya, ML (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EM michelle.pantoya@ttu.edu FU Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0217]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Army Research Office under Contract No. W911NF-04-1-0217 and Dr. Ralph Anthenien. William Bender, a high school student participating in the Clark's Scholar summer research program at Texas Tech University is also acknowledged for his assistance in conducting the Al+NiO instrumented tube tests. Dr. Gash acknowledges that portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 25 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2010 VL 132 IS 11 AR 111201 DI 10.1115/1.4001933 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 672VM UT WOS:000283615000001 ER PT J AU White, MJ Nellis, GF Klein, SA Zhu, W Gianchandani, Y AF White, M. J. Nellis, G. F. Klein, S. A. Zhu, W. Gianchandani, Y. TI An Experimentally Validated Numerical Modeling Technique for Perforated Plate Heat Exchangers SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE perforated plate; heat exchanger; axial conduction; cryogenic; MEMS AB Cryogenic and high-temperature systems often require compact heat exchangers with a high resistance to axial conduction in order to control the heat transfer induced by axial temperature differences. One attractive design for such applications is a perforated plate heat exchanger that utilizes high conductivity perforated plates to provide the stream-to-stream heat transfer and low conductivity spacers to prevent axial conduction between the perforated plates. This paper presents a numerical model of a perforated plate heat exchanger that accounts for axial conduction, external parasitic heat loads, variable fluid and material properties, and conduction to and from the ends of the heat exchanger. The numerical model is validated by experimentally testing several perforated plate heat exchangers that are fabricated using microelectromechanical systems based manufacturing methods. This type of heat exchanger was investigated for potential use in a cryosurgical probe. One of these heat exchangers included perforated plates with integrated platinum resistance thermometers. These plates provided in situ measurements of the internal temperature distribution in addition to the temperature, pressure, and flow rate measured at the inlet and exit ports of the device. The platinum wires were deposited between the fluid passages on the perforated plate and are used to measure the temperature at the interface between the wall material and the flowing fluid. The experimental testing demonstrates the ability of the numerical model to accurately predict both the overall performance and the internal temperature distribution of perforated plate heat exchangers over a range of geometry and operating conditions. The parameters that were varied include the axial length, temperature range, mass flow rate, and working fluid. [DOT: 10.1115/1.4000673] C1 [White, M. J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div Cryogen Syst, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Klein, S. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53703 USA. [Zhu, W.; Gianchandani, Y.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP White, MJ (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Accelerator Div Cryogen Syst, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. FU National Institute of Health through the University of Michigan [NIH/NINBS R33 EB003349-05] FX This work was funded through the University of Michigan by a grant from the National Institute of Health, Grant No. NIH/NINBS R33 EB003349-05. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2010 VL 132 IS 11 AR 111801 DI 10.1115/1.4000673 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 672VM UT WOS:000283615000008 ER PT J AU Kahana, DE Kahana, SH AF Kahana, D. E. Kahana, S. H. TI J/psi production by charm quark coalescence SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; CERN-SPS; SUPPRESSION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SYNCHROTRON; ANTIPROTON; SIMULATION; GEV/C; MODEL AB The production of c (c) over bar pairs in elementary hadron-hadron collisions is introduced in a simulation of relativistic heavy ion collisions. Coalescence of charmed quarks and antiquarks into various charmonium states is performed and the results are compared to PHENIX J/psi Au+Au data. The chi and psi' bound states must be included as well as the ground state J/psi, given the appreciable feeding from the excited states down to the J/psi via gamma decays. Charmonium coalescence is found to take place at relatively late times: generally after c((c) over bar)-medium interactions have ceased. Direct production of charmonia through hadron-hadron interactions, i.e. without explicit presence of charm quarks, occurring only at early times is suppressed by collisions with comoving particles and accounts for some similar to 5% of the total J/psi production. Coalescence is especially sensitive to the level of open charm production, scaling naively as n(c((c) over bar))(.)(2) The J/psi transverse momentum distribution is dependent on the charm quark transverse momentum distribution and early charm quark-medium interaction, thus providing a glimpse of the initial collision history. C1 [Kahana, S. H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kahana, DE (reprint author), 31 Pembrook Dr, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM dek@bnl.gov; kahana@bnl.gov OI Kahana, David Ewan/0000-0003-1266-9089; Kahana, Sidney/0000-0002-5790-9384 FU US DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This manuscript has been authored under the US DOE grant no DE-AC02-98CH10886. One of the authors (SHK) is also grateful to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany, for continued support and H-J Pirner, University of Heidelberg, for hospitality. The authors also thank Johanna Stachel for a highly relevant conference presentation (HEP-2006, Valparaiso, Chile). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 37 IS 11 AR 115011 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/11/115011 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 662KU UT WOS:000282807000012 ER PT J AU Wincheski, B Yu, F Simpon, J Williams, P Rackow, K AF Wincheski, Buzz Yu, Feng Simpon, John Williams, Phillip Rackow, Kirk TI Development of SDT sensor based eddy current probe for detection of deep fatigue cracks in multi-layer structure SO NDT & E INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Eddy current; Spin-dependent tunneling sensor; Multi-layer; Crack AB The detection and characterization of deeply buried fatigue damage in thick, multi-layer airframe components pose significant technical challenges to the aviation safety community. Currently, no nondestructive evaluation technique is available to reliably detect such potential damage from the exterior of the airframe, which is highly desirable in light of inspection cost as well as avoidance of structure damage. Recent technological advances in high-sensitivity magnetic sensors, i e., spin-dependent tunneling (SDT) sensors, make it feasible to employ electromagnetic inspection techniques for deep fatigue crack inspection. In this work, we report on the development and fabrication of a low frequency eddy current probe based on a magnetically shielded SDT pickup sensor concentrically located in the interior of an induction drive coil to enable localized deep diffusion of the electromagnetic field Into the part under test. Simulation studies were conducted to demonstrate the deep penetration capability of this probe configuration and to understand inspection sensitivity based on magnetic field perturbation due to subsurface cracking Experimental results obtained using this SDT sensor on samples with Induced flaws demonstrate its potential for practical application. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wincheski, Buzz; Williams, Phillip] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Yu, Feng] Cessna Aircraft Co, Wichita, KS USA. [Simpon, John] Lockheed Martin, Hampton, VA USA. [Rackow, Kirk] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yu, F (reprint author), Cessna Aircraft Co, Wichita, KS USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-8695 J9 NDT&E INT JI NDT E Int. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 43 IS 8 BP 718 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.08.005 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 673SY UT WOS:000283684500010 ER PT J AU Jacobson, JJ Yacout, AM Matthern, GE Piet, SJ Shropshire, DE Jeffers, RF Schweitzer, T AF Jacobson, Jacob J. Yacout, A. M. Matthern, Gretchen E. Piet, Steven J. Shropshire, David E. Jeffers, Robert F. Schweitzer, Tyler TI VERIFIABLE FUEL CYCLE SIMULATION MODEL (VISION): A TOOL FOR ANALYZING NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE FUTURES SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nuclear fuel cycle; dynamic simulation; advanced fuel cycle initiative AB The nuclear fuel cycle consists of a set of complex components that are intended to work together. To support the nuclear renaissance, it is necessary to understand the impacts of changes and timing of events in any part of the fuel cycle system such as how the system would respond to each technological change, a series of which moves the fuel cycle from where it is to a postulated future state. The system analysis working group of the United States research program on advanced fuel cycles (formerly called the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative) is developing a dynamic simulation model, VISION, to capture the relationships, timing, and changes in and among the fuel cycle components to help develop an understanding of how the overall fuel cycle works. This paper is an overview of the philosophy and development strategy behind VISION. The paper includes some descriptions of the model components and some examples of how to use VISION. For example, VISION users can now change yearly the selection of separation or reactor technologies, the performance characteristics of those technologies, and/or the routing of material among separation and reactor types with the model still operating on a PC in <5 min. C1 [Jacobson, Jacob J.; Matthern, Gretchen E.; Piet, Steven J.; Shropshire, David E.; Jeffers, Robert F.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Yacout, A. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Schweitzer, Tyler] GE Hitachi Nucl Energy, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Jacobson, JJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 N Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Jacob.Jacobson@inl.gov FU United States government under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the United States government under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 172 IS 2 BP 157 EP 178 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 672VI UT WOS:000283614600006 ER PT J AU Ramirez, JE Johnson, M AF Ramirez, J. E. Johnson, M. TI Effect of Welding Parameters and Electrode Condition on Alloying Enrichment of Weld Metal Deposited with Coated Cellulosic Electrodes SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic Electrodes; Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking; Arc Length; Welding Current; Weld Length; As-Received and "Dried"; Conditions AB Manual welding with cellulosic electrodes is widely used. However, unexpectedly high weld metal alloy contents have been associated with weld metal hydrogen-assisted cracking. Lot-to-lot consumable variation may not always be the primary factor responsible for unexpected cases of highly alloyed weld metal. Therefore, the effect of welding parameters (arc length, welding current, and weld length) and conditions of weld metals were evaluated. Arc length, weld length, and "dried" condition of the electrode have a primary effect on the chemical composition of deposited weld metals. Welding current has a secondary effect. Decreasing the arc length resulted in an increase of carbon level in the weld metal. A large increase in manganese and silicon in the weld metal resulted with increasing distance from the weld start point or the use of cellulosic electrodes in the "dried" condition. Alloying enrichment of the weld metals, as indicated by the carbon level and carbon equivalent results in an increase in susceptibility of weld metal to cracking. C1 [Ramirez, J. E.] Edison Welding Inst, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. [Johnson, M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ramirez, JE (reprint author), Edison Welding Inst, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 89 IS 11 BP 232S EP 242S PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 675EY UT WOS:000283810200018 ER PT J AU Xiao, X Roberts, ME Wheeler, DR Washburn, CM Edwards, TL Brozik, SM Montano, GA Bunker, BC Burckel, DB Polsky, K AF Xiao, Xiaoyin Roberts, Mark E. Wheeler, David R. Washburn, Cody M. Edwards, Thayne L. Brozik, Susan M. Montano, Gabriel A. Bunker, Bruce C. Burckel, D. Bruce Polsky, Konen TI Increased Mass Transport at Lithographically Defined 3-D Porous Carbon Electrodes SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE carbon; porous electrodes; interference lithography; methanol oxidation; conducting polymers ID NANOELECTRODE ENSEMBLES; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; GOLD; FABRICATION; CATALYST; PALLADIUM; ARRAYS; FILMS; PD AB Increased mass transport due to hemispherical diffusion is observed to occur in 3D porous carbon electrodes defined by interferometric lithography. Enhanced catalytic methanol oxidation, after modifying the porous carbon with palladium nanoparticles, and uncharacteristically uniform conducting polymer deposition into the structures are demonstrated. Both examples result in two regions of the hierarchical porosity that can be created to maximize surface via nanostructuring within the extended porous network, while taking advantage of hemispherical diffusion through the open pores. C1 [Xiao, Xiaoyin; Wheeler, David R.; Washburn, Cody M.; Edwards, Thayne L.; Brozik, Susan M.; Burckel, D. Bruce; Polsky, Konen] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biosensors & Nanomat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Roberts, Mark E.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Bunker, Bruce C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol C1NT, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Montano, Gabriel A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burckel, DB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biosensors & Nanomat, POB 5800,MS-0892, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dbburck@sandia.gov; rpolsky@sandia.gov RI Roberts, Mark/H-9865-2016 OI Roberts, Mark/0000-0001-5971-6650 FU United Stated Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United Stated Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The authors acknowledge the Sandia National Laboratories' Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD). NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 3179 EP 3184 DI 10.1021/am1006595 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 683EL UT WOS:000284454400031 PM 20945871 ER PT J AU Fuke, N Hoch, LB Koposov, AY Manner, VW Werder, DJ Fukui, A Koide, N Katayama, H Sykora, M AF Fuke, Nobuhiro Hoch, Laura B. Koposov, Alexey Y. Manner, Virginia W. Werder, Donald J. Fukui, Atsushi Koide, Naoki Katayama, Hiroyuki Sykora, Milan TI CdSe Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell with similar to 100% Internal Quantum Efficiency SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanocrystals; quantum dots; solar cell; quantum-dot sensitized solar cell; dye sensitized solar cell; photoelectrochemical solar cell; cadmium selenide ID NANOPOROUS TIO2 ELECTRODES; NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2; PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; SIZED CDS; PHOTOSENSITIZATION; PBS; CONVERSION; LIGHT; SEMICONDUCTORS; PERFORMANCE AB We have constructed and studied photoelectrochemical solar cells (PECs) consisting of a photoanode prepared by direct deposition of independently synthesized CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) onto a nanocrystalline TiO(2) film (NQD/TiO(2)), aqueous Na(2)S or Li(2)S electrolyte, and a Pt counter electrode We show that light harvesting efficiency (LHE) of the NQD/TiO(2) photoanode is significantly enhanced when the surface passivation is changed from tri n octylphosphine oxide(TOPO) to 4-butylamine (BA) In the PEC the use of NQDs with a shorter passivating ligand, BA, leads to a significant enhancement in both the electron injection efficiency it the NQD/TiO(2) interface and charge collection efficiency at the NQD/electrolyte interface, with the latter attributed mostly to a more efficient diffusion of the electrolyte through the pores of the photoanode We show that by utilizing BA-capped NQDs and aqueous Li(2)S as an electrolyte, It is possible to achieve similar to 100% internal, quantum efficiency of photon to-electron conversion, matching the performance of dye sensitized solar cells C1 [Fuke, Nobuhiro; Fukui, Atsushi; Koide, Naoki; Katayama, Hiroyuki] Sharp Co Ltd, New Technol Dev Ctr, Solar Syst Dev Grp, Nara 6392198, Japan. [Hoch, Laura B.; Koposov, Alexey Y.; Manner, Virginia W.; Werder, Donald J.; Sykora, Milan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fuke, N (reprint author), Sharp Co Ltd, New Technol Dev Ctr, Solar Syst Dev Grp, 282 1 Hajikami, Nara 6392198, Japan. RI Koposov, Alexey/R-9423-2016 OI Koposov, Alexey/0000-0001-5898-3204 FU Sharp Corporation under the Sharp-Los Alamos National Laboratory [105830]; Los Alamos National Laboratory; U S Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) FX This work was supported by Sharp Corporation under the Sharp-Los Alamos National Laboratory CRADA No 105830 M S A Y K and V W M acknowledge partial support by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development Funds M S and D J W acknowledge partial support by the Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U S Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) NR 50 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 6377 EP 6386 DI 10.1021/nn101319x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 682YD UT WOS:000284438000011 PM 20961101 ER PT J AU Chen, YA Lee, YD Vedala, H Allen, BL Star, A AF Chen, Yanan Lee, Yang Doo Vedala, Harindra Allen, Brett L. Star, Alexander TI Exploring the Chemical Sensitivity of a Carbon Nanotube/Green Tea Composite SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE resistlvity sensors; ROS; hydrogen peroxide; relative humidity ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; ANTIOXIDANT; CATECHINS; OXIDATION; WATER; POLYPHENOLS; RADICALS; SENSORS; EGCG AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) possess unique electronic and physical properties which make them very attractive for a wide range of applications In particular, SWNTs and their composites have shown a great potential for chemical and biological sensing Green tea or more specifically main antioxidant component, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been found to disperse SWNTs In water However, the chemical sensitivity of this SWNT/green tea (SWNT/EGCG) composite remained unexplored With EGCG present, this SWNT composite should have strong antioxidant properties and thus respond to reactive oxygen species (ROS) Here we report on fabrication and characterization of SWNT/EGCG thin films and the measurement of their relative conductance as a function of H(2)O(2) concentrations We further investigated the sensing mechanism by founer transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field effect transistor measurements (FET) We propose here that the response to H(2)O(2) arises from the oxidation of EGCG in the composite These findings suggest that SWNT/green tea composite has a great potential for developing simple resistivity based sensors C1 [Star, Alexander] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Star, A (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RI Star, Alexander/C-3399-2013; Chen, Yanan/E-6385-2013 OI Chen, Yanan/0000-0002-3260-172X FU NIEHS [R01ES019304]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF 2007 357 D00051]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) FX The project described was supported by NIEHS R01ES019304 Y D L acknowledges support of the Korea Research Foundation Grant (KRF 2007 357 D00051) funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) We thank the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Pitts burgh for access to the SEM and TEM instrumentation NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 6854 EP 6862 DI 10.1021/nn100988t PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 682YD UT WOS:000284438000063 PM 21043457 ER PT J AU Myers, KM Coudrillier, B Boyce, BL Nguyen, TD AF Myers, Kristin M. Coudrillier, Baptiste Boyce, Brad L. Nguyen, Thao D. TI The inflation response of the posterior bovine sclera SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Sclera; Inflation; Viscoelasticity; Digital image correlation; Mechanical properties ID OPTIC-NERVE HEAD; PERIPAPILLARY SCLERA; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; MONKEY EYES; TREE SHREW; GLAUCOMA; CORNEA; MYOPIA; BIOMECHANICS; STRESS AB An in vitro inflation test method was developed to characterize the mechanical behavior of the bovine posterior sclera. The method used digital image correlation to provide a spatially resolved, full-field deformation map of the surface of the posterior sclera in response to controlled pressurization. A series of experiments were performed in the range of 2-6 kPa (15-45 mmHg) to characterize the load-unload displacement response at various pressure rates and the time-dependent displacement response at different applied pressures. The magnitude of the displacement was largest in the peripapillary region, mainly between the apex and the optic nerve head. Further, the results showed that bovine scleral tissue exhibited nonlinear and viscoelastic behavior characterized by a rate-dependent displacement response, hysteresis during unloading and creep. The creep rate was insensitive to the applied pressure, suggesting that the tissue can be modeled as a quasilinear viscoelastic material in the physiological pressure range of 2-6 kPa. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Myers, Kristin M.; Coudrillier, Baptiste; Nguyen, Thao D.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Boyce, Brad L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM vicky.nguyen@jhu.edu RI Nguyen, Thao/A-3391-2010; Boyce, Brad/H-5045-2012; Coudrillier, Baptiste/M-1758-2013; Myers, Kristin/E-5689-2017; OI Nguyen, Thao/0000-0002-0312-1583; Boyce, Brad/0000-0001-5994-1743; Myers, Kristin/0000-0002-5989-0242 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 BP 4327 EP 4335 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.007 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 663WS UT WOS:000282921500016 PM 20558331 ER PT J AU Adams, P Langan, P AF Adams, Paul Langan, Paul TI Opportunities and challenges with the growth of neutron crystallography SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material DE editorial; neutrons; neutron crystallography ID X-RAY C1 [Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Adams, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Adams, Paul] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Langan, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1121 EP 1123 DI 10.1107/S0907444910039387 PN 11 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700001 PM 21041924 ER PT J AU Chen, JCH Mustyakimov, M Schoenborn, BP Langan, P Blum, MM AF Chen, Julian C. -H. Mustyakimov, Marat Schoenborn, Benno P. Langan, Paul Blum, Marc-Michael TI Neutron structure and mechanistic studies of diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE neutron crystallography; DFPase; enzymes; rational design; phosphotriesterases; mechanism ID D-XYLOSE ISOMERASE; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LOLIGO-VULGARIS; BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS; CATALYTIC MECHANISM; PROTONATION STATES; HYDROGEN-ATOMS; RESOLUTION; SITE AB Diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) is a calcium-dependent phosphotriesterase that acts on a variety of highly toxic organophosphorus compounds that act as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. The mechanism of DFPase has been probed using a variety of methods, including isotopic labelling, which demonstrated the presence of a phosphoenzyme intermediate in the reaction mechanism. In order to further elucidate the mechanism of DFPase and to ascertain the protonation states of the residues and solvent molecules in the active site, the neutron structure of DFPase was solved at 2.2 A resolution. The proposed nucleophile Asp229 is deprotonated, while the active-site solvent molecule W33 was identified as water and not hydroxide. These data support a mechanism involving direct nucleophilic attack by Asp229 on the substrate and rule out a mechanism involving metal-assisted water activation. These data also allowed for the re-engineering of DFPase through rational design to bind and productively orient the more toxic S (P) stereoisomers of the nerve agents sarin and cyclosarin, creating a modified enzyme with enhanced overall activity and significantly increased detoxification properties. C1 [Chen, Julian C. -H.; Blum, Marc-Michael] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Biophys Chem, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mustyakimov, Marat; Schoenborn, Benno P.; Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Langan, Paul] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Blum, Marc-Michael] Blum Sci Serv, D-80331 Munich, Germany. RP Chen, JCH (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Biophys Chem, Max von Laue Str 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM chen@chemie.uni-frankfurt.de RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; Blum, Marc-Michael/M-7691-2014 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Blum, Marc-Michael/0000-0003-1856-2071 FU Hessian Ministry of Science and Culture; German Ministry of Defence [E/E590/6Z004/4F170, E/UR3G/6G115/6A801]; Office of Science and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy; NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM071939-01] FX This project was funded by the Hessian Ministry of Science and Culture and the German Ministry of Defence under Grants E/E590/6Z004/4F170 and E/UR3G/6G115/6A801. The PCS is funded by the Office of Science and the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy. MM and PL were partly supported by an NIH-NIGMS-funded consortium (1R01GM071939-01) between Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to develop computational tools for neutron protein crystallography. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1131 EP 1138 DI 10.1107/S0907444910034013 PN 11 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700004 PM 21041927 ER PT J AU Kovalevsky, A Chatake, T Shibayama, N Park, SY Ishikawa, T Mustyakimov, M Fisher, SZ Langan, P Morimoto, Y AF Kovalevsky, Andrey Chatake, Toshiyuki Shibayama, Naoya Park, Sam-Yong Ishikawa, Takuya Mustyakimov, Marat Fisher, S. Zoe Langan, Paul Morimoto, Yukio TI Protonation states of histidine and other key residues in deoxy normal human adult hemoglobin by neutron protein crystallography SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE human hemoglobin; deoxy form; protonation states; neutron protein crystallography; Bohr effect; histidine; deuterated water ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HUMAN DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; X-RAY; BOHR; DIFFRACTION; ROLES; STEREOCHEMISTRY; COOPERATIVITY AB The protonation states of the histidine residues key to the function of deoxy (T-state) human hemoglobin have been investigated using neutron protein crystallography. These residues can reversibly bind protons, thereby regulating the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. By examining the OMIT F (o) - F (c) and 2F (o) - F (c) neutron scattering maps, the protonation states of 35 of the 38 His residues were directly determined. The remaining three residues were found to be disordered. Surprisingly, seven pairs of His residues from equivalent alpha or beta chains, alpha His20, alpha His50, alpha His58, alpha His89, beta His63, beta His143 and beta His146, have different protonation states. The protonation of distal His residues in the alpha(1)beta(1) heterodimer and the protonation of alpha His103 in both subunits demonstrates that these residues may participate in buffering hydrogen ions and may influence the oxygen binding. The observed protonation states of His residues are compared with their delta pK (a) between the deoxy and oxy states. Examination of inter-subunit interfaces provided evidence for interactions that are essential for the stability of the deoxy tertiary structure. C1 [Kovalevsky, Andrey; Mustyakimov, Marat; Fisher, S. Zoe; Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chatake, Toshiyuki; Ishikawa, Takuya; Morimoto, Yukio] Kyoto Univ, Inst Res Reactor, Osaka 5900494, Japan. [Shibayama, Naoya] Jichi Med Univ, Dept Physiol, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 3290498, Japan. [Park, Sam-Yong] Yokohama City Univ, Prot Design Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. RP Kovalevsky, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ayk@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Kovalevsky, Andrey/0000-0003-4459-9142 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [17053011, 18790030]; Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute; Hyogo Science and Technology; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy; NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM071939-01]; LANL LDRD [20070131ER]; REIMEI Research Resources of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute FX This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (No. 17053011 to YM and No. 18790030 to TC) and grants from the REIMEI Research Resources of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (to YM) and Hyogo Science and Technology (to YM). The PCS is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy. MM and PL were partly supported by an NIH-NIGMS-funded consortium (1R01GM071939-01) between LANL and LNBL to develop computational tools for neutron protein crystallography. AYK and PL were partly supported by a LANL LDRD grant (20070131ER). NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1144 EP 1152 DI 10.1107/S0907444910025448 PN 11 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700006 PM 21041929 ER PT J AU Afonine, PV Mustyakimov, M Grosse-Kunstleve, RW Moriarty, NW Langan, P Adams, PD AF Afonine, Pavel V. Mustyakimov, Marat Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W. Moriarty, Nigel W. Langan, Paul Adams, Paul D. TI Joint X-ray and neutron refinement with phenix.refine SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE structure refinement; neutrons; joint X-ray and neutron refinement; PHENIX ID HUMAN ALDOSE REDUCTASE; D-XYLOSE ISOMERASE; PROTEIN DATA-BANK; HIGH-RESOLUTION; SUBATOMIC RESOLUTION; ULTRAHIGH-RESOLUTION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; PROTONATION STATES; ELECTRON-DENSITY; DIFFRACTION DATA AB Approximately 85% of the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank have been solved using X-ray crystallography, making it the leading method for three-dimensional structure determination of macromolecules. One of the limitations of the method is that the typical data quality (resolution) does not allow the direct determination of H-atom positions. Most hydrogen positions can be inferred from the positions of other atoms and therefore can be readily included into the structure model as a priori knowledge. However, this may not be the case in biologically active sites of macromolecules, where the presence and position of hydrogen is crucial to the enzymatic mechanism. This makes the application of neutron crystallography in biology particularly important, as H atoms can be clearly located in experimental neutron scattering density maps. Without exception, when a neutron structure is determined the corresponding X-ray structure is also known, making it possible to derive the complete structure using both data sets. Here, the implementation of crystallographic structure-refinement procedures that include both X-ray and neutron data (separate or jointly) in the PHENIX system is described. C1 [Afonine, Pavel V.; Grosse-Kunstleve, Ralf W.; Moriarty, Nigel W.; Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mustyakimov, Marat; Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Afonine, PV (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, MS 64R0121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pafonine@lbl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU NIH/NIGMS [5P01GM063210, 1R01GM071939]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of NIH/NIGMS through grants 5P01GM063210 and 1R01GM071939. Our work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 and DE-AC02-05CH11231. All figures representing structures were prepared using PyMOL (http://www.pymol.org). NR 68 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1153 EP 1163 DI 10.1107/S0907444910026582 PN 11 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700007 PM 21041930 ER PT J AU Nishiyama, Y Langan, P Wada, M Forsyth, VT AF Nishiyama, Yoshiharu Langan, Paul Wada, Masahisa Forsyth, V. Trevor TI Looking at hydrogen bonds in cellulose SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen bonds; cellulose ID NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; I-BETA-CELLULOSE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; VALONIA CELLULOSE; NATIVE CELLULOSE; PACKING ANALYSIS; RAMIE CELLULOSE; MICROFIBRILS; RESOLUTION AB A series of cellulose crystal allomorphs has been studied using high-resolution X-ray and neutron fibre diffraction to locate the positions of H atoms involved in hydrogen bonding. One type of position was always clearly observed in the Fourier difference map (F (d) - F (h)), while the positions of other H atoms appeared to be less well established. Despite the high crystallinity of the chosen samples, neutron diffraction data favoured some hydrogen-bonding disorder in native cellulose. The presence of disorder and a comparison of hydrogen-bond geometries in different allomorphs suggests that although hydrogen bonding may not be the most important factor in the stabilization of cellulose I, it is essential for stabilizing cellulose III, which is the activated form, and preventing it from collapsing back to the more stable cellulose I. C1 [Nishiyama, Yoshiharu] CERMAV CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. [Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wada, Masahisa] Univ Tokyo, Sch Agr & Life Sci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. [Forsyth, V. Trevor] ILL, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Wada, Masahisa] Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Life Sci, Gyeonggi Do 446701, South Korea. [Forsyth, V. Trevor] Univ Keele, EPSAM ISTM, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. RP Nishiyama, Y (reprint author), CERMAV CNRS, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble 9, France. EM yoshi@cermav.cnrs.fr RI Forsyth, V. Trevor/A-9129-2010; Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/A-3492-2012; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015 OI Forsyth, V. Trevor/0000-0003-0380-3477; Nishiyama, Yoshiharu/0000-0003-4069-2307; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122 FU French Agence National de la Recherche; UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) [GR/R47950/01] FX Part of this study was supported by the French Agence National de la Recherche. VTF acknowledges support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for grant GR/R47950/01 to Durham, Keele and Bath Universities for the construction of the D19 diffractometer at ILL. We also thank Sax Mason, John Archer and John Allibon for assitance during the neutron experiments. NR 26 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 53 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1172 EP 1177 DI 10.1107/S0907444910032397 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700009 PM 21041932 ER PT J AU Fisher, SZ Kovalevsky, AY Domsic, J Mustyakimov, M Silverman, DN McKenna, R Langan, P AF Fisher, S. Z. Kovalevsky, A. Y. Domsic, J. Mustyakimov, M. Silverman, D. N. McKenna, R. Langan, P. TI Enzymes for carbon sequestration: neutron crystallographic studies of carbonic anhydrase SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE proton transfer; deprotonated tyrosine; carbonic anhydrase; neutron crystallography ID PROTON-TRANSFER; X-RAY; ACTIVE-SITE; DIFFRACTION; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT AB Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO(2) to form HCO(3) - and H+ using a Zn-hydroxide mechanism. The first part of catalysis involves CO(2) hydration, while the second part deals with removing the excess proton that is formed during the first step. Proton transfer (PT) is thought to occur through a well ordered hydrogen-bonded network of waters that stretches from the metal center of CA to an internal proton shuttle, His64. These waters are oriented and ordered through a series of hydrogen-bonding interactions to hydrophilic residues that line the active site of CA. Neutron studies were conducted on wild-type human CA isoform II (HCA II) in order to better understand the nature and the orientation of the Zn-bound solvent (ZS), the charged state and conformation of His64, the hydrogen-bonding patterns and orientations of the water molecules that mediate PT and the ionization of hydrophilic residues in the active site that interact with the water network. Several interesting and unexpected features in the active site were observed which have implications for how PT proceeds in CA. C1 [Fisher, S. Z.; Kovalevsky, A. Y.; Mustyakimov, M.; Langan, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Domsic, J.; McKenna, R.] Univ Florida, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Silverman, D. N.] Univ Florida, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Fisher, SZ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zfisher@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Kovalevsky, Andrey/0000-0003-4459-9142 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy; NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM071939-01]; LDRD [20080789PRD3]; National Institutes of Health [GM25154]; Thomas Maren Foundation FX The PCS is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy. MM and PL were partly supported by an NIH-NIGMS-funded consortium (1R01GM071939-01) between LANL and LNBL to develop computational tools for neutron protein crystallography. AYK was supported by LDRD grant No. 20080789PRD3. This work was also partially funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (GM25154; DNS and RM) and the Thomas Maren Foundation (RM). NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1178 EP 1183 DI 10.1107/S0907444910019700 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700010 PM 21041933 ER PT J AU Bellesia, G Asztalos, A Shen, TY Langan, P Redondo, A Gnanakaran, S AF Bellesia, Giovanni Asztalos, Andrea Shen, Tongye Langan, Paul Redondo, Antonio Gnanakaran, S. TI In silico studies of crystalline cellulose and its degradation by enzymes SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE crystalline cellulose; in silico studies; molecular dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CARBOHYDRATE-BINDING MODULE; NEUTRON FIBER DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON X-RAY; HYDROGEN-BONDING SYSTEM; BETA-CELLULOSE; CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-I; NATIVE CRYSTALLINE; FORCE-FIELD; WATER AB In this report, the current state of computational studies on crystalline cellulose is reviewed. The discussion is focused on fully atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations as well as on other computational approaches which are relevant in the context of enzymatic degradation of cellulose. Finally, possible directions and necessary improvements for future computational studies in this challenging research field are summarized. C1 [Bellesia, Giovanni; Gnanakaran, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bellesia, Giovanni] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Asztalos, Andrea] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Shen, Tongye] ORNL, Ctr Biophys Mol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shen, Tongye] ORNL, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Shen, Tongye] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gnanakaran, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T6, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gnana@lanl.gov RI Shen, Tongye/A-9718-2008; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Shen, Tongye/0000-0003-1495-3104; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Gnanakaran, S/0000-0002-9368-3044 FU LANL LDRD FX We acknowledge funding from the LANL LDRD program. The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer of this manuscript for providing insightful comments and suggestions. GB would also like to thank S. Chundawat for useful discussions. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1184 EP 1188 DI 10.1107/S0907444910029483 PN 11 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700011 PM 21041934 ER PT J AU Pingali, SV Urban, VS Heller, WT McGaughey, J O'Neill, HM Foston, M Myles, DA Ragauskas, AJ Evans, BR AF Pingali, Sai Venkatesh Urban, Volker S. Heller, William T. McGaughey, Joseph O'Neill, Hugh M. Foston, Marcus Myles, Dean A. Ragauskas, Arthur J. Evans, Barbara R. TI SANS study of cellulose extracted from switchgrass SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE switchgrass; dilute acid pretreatment; cellulosic ethanol production; small-angle neutron scattering ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SULFURIC-ACID PRETREATMENT; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; CORN STOVER; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES; LIGNINS; BIOMASS AB Lignocellulosic biomass, which is an abundant renewable natural resource, has the potential to play a major role in the generation of renewable biofuels through its conversion to bioethanol. Unfortunately, it is a complex biological composite material that shows significant recalcitrance, making it a cost-ineffective feedstock for bioethanol production. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was employed to probe the multi-scale structure of cellulosic materials. Cellulose was extracted from milled native switchgrass and from switchgrass that had undergone a dilute acid pretreatment method in order to disrupt the lignocellulose structure. The high-Q structural feature (Q > 0.07 A-1) can be assigned to cellulose fibrils based on a comparison of cellulose purified by solvent extraction of native and dilute acid pretreated switchgrass and a commercial preparation of microcrystalline cellulose. Dilute acid pretreatment results in an increase in the smallest structural size, a decrease in the interconnectivity of the fibrils and no change in the smooth domain boundaries at length scales larger than 1000 A. C1 [Pingali, Sai Venkatesh; Urban, Volker S.; Heller, William T.; O'Neill, Hugh M.; Myles, Dean A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSMB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [McGaughey, Joseph; Evans, Barbara R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mol Biosci & Biotechnol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Foston, Marcus; Ragauskas, Arthur J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Inst Paper Sci & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Pingali, SV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CSMB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pingalis@ornl.gov RI Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; myles, dean/D-5860-2016; OI Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964; Pingali, Sai Venkatesh/0000-0001-7961-4176; O'Neill, Hugh/0000-0003-2966-5527; Ragauskas, Arthur/0000-0002-3536-554X FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy [FWP ERKP752]; ORNL Laboratory [S07-019]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Switchgrass samples were obtained through a collaborative agreement with the Bioenergy Science Center (BESC) located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This research is funded by the Genomic Science Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US Department of Energy, under FWP ERKP752. Initial studies on Avicel were funded by the ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Seed Money Fund under project No. S07-019. This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Structural Molecular Biology (CSMB) was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, using facilities supported by the US Department of Energy, managed by UT-Battelle LLC under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1189 EP 1193 DI 10.1107/S0907444910020408 PN 11 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700012 PM 21041935 ER PT J AU Kovalevsky, A Fisher, Z Johnson, H Mustyakimov, M Waltman, MJ Langan, P AF Kovalevsky, Andrey Fisher, Zoe Johnson, Hannah Mustyakimov, Marat Waltman, Mary Jo Langan, Paul TI Macromolecular neutron crystallography at the Protein Crystallography Station (PCS) SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Protein Crystallography Station; neutron macromolecular crystallography; spallation neutron sources; deuteration; user support ID D-XYLOSE ISOMERASE; OF-FLIGHT NEUTRON; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; DIISOPROPYL FLUOROPHOSPHATASE DFPASE; SURFACE HISTIDYL RESIDUES; NORMAL ADULT HEMOGLOBIN; CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE II; HUMAN DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; SPALLATION NEUTRONS; PROTONATION STATES AB The Protein Crystallography Station (PCS) at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center is a high-performance beamline that forms the core of a capability for neutron macromolecular structure and function determination. Neutron diffraction is a powerful technique for locating H atoms and can therefore provide unique information about how biological macromolecules function and interact with each other and smaller molecules. Users of the PCS have access to neutron beam time, deuteration facilities, the expression of proteins and the synthesis of substrates with stable isotopes and also support for data reduction and structure analysis. The beamline exploits the pulsed nature of spallation neutrons and a large electronic detector in order to collect wavelength-resolved Laue patterns using all available neutrons in the white beam. The PCS user facility is described and highlights from the user program are presented. C1 [Kovalevsky, Andrey; Fisher, Zoe; Johnson, Hannah; Mustyakimov, Marat; Waltman, Mary Jo; Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kovalevsky, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ayk@lanl.gov RI Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Kovalevsky, Andrey/0000-0003-4459-9142 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy [1R01GM071939-01]; LANL LDRD [20080789PRD3, 20070131ER]; University of California UCOP FX The PCS is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy. MM and PL were partly supported by an NIH-NIGMS-funded consortium (1R01GM071939-01) between LANL and LNBL to develop computational tools for neutron protein crystallography. AYK was partly supported by a LANL LDRD grant (20080789PRD3). AYK and PL were partly supported by a LANL LDRD grant (20070131ER). HJ was supported by a University of California UCOP grant. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1206 EP 1212 DI 10.1107/S0907444910027198 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700015 PM 21041938 ER PT J AU Heller, WT AF Heller, William T. TI Small-angle neutron scattering and contrast variation: a powerful combination for studying biological structures SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE small-angle neutron scattering; contrast variation; biological structures ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOSOME; LIGHT-CHAIN KINASE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; TROPONIN-I; PROTEIN-KINASE; SERUM-ALBUMIN; 50-S SUBUNIT; MOSAIC-VIRUS; COMPLEX; MODEL AB The use of small-angle scattering (SAS) in the biological sciences continues to increase, driven as much by the need to study increasingly complex systems that are often resistant to crystallization or are too large for NMR as by the availability of user facilities and advancements in the modelling of biological structures from SAS data. SAS, whether with neutrons (SANS) or X-rays (SAXS), is a structural probe of length scales ranging from 10 to 10 000 A. When applied to biological complexes in dilute solution, it provides size and shape information that can be used to produce structural models that can provide insight into function. SANS enables the use of contrast-variation methods through the unique interaction of neutrons with hydrogen and its isotope deuterium. SANS with contrast variation enables the visualization of components within multisubunit complexes, making it a powerful tool for probing protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes, as well as the interaction of proteins with lipids and detergents. C1 [Heller, William T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Heller, William T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Heller, WT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, POB 2008,MS 6393, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hellerwt@ornl.gov FU US Department of Energy [ERKP291, DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Structural Molecular Biology (Project ERKP291) was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research using facilities supported by the US Department of Energy, managed by UT-Battelle LLC under contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US Government retains a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1213 EP 1217 DI 10.1107/S0907444910017658 PN 11 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700016 PM 21041939 ER PT J AU Hjelm, RP Stone, DB Fletterick, RJ Mendelson, RA AF Hjelm, Rex P. Stone, Deborah Bennett Fletterick, Robert J. Mendelson, Robert A. TI Decoration of microtubules in solution by the kinesin-14, Ncd SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE molecular motors; motive mechanism; microtubules; Ncd; small-angle neutron scattering ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOTOR NCD; IN-VITRO; X-RAY; PROTEIN; RESOLUTION; DIRECTION; MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS; ROTATION AB The kinesin-14, Ncd, is a cellular motor involved in microtubule spindle assembly and contraction during mitosis and meiosis. Like other members of the kinesin superfamily, Ncd consists of two motor heads connected by a linker and a long cargo-carrying stalk. The motor heads hydrolyze ATP to ADP to provide the power stroke that moves them and the cargo along the microtubule. Whereas conventional kinesins move processively along the sense of the microtubule right-handed helix, Ncd moves in the opposite direction, apparently using a different motive mechanism. According to the current model, the microtubule-binding state of Ncd is bound by one head and then released during the motive cycle. This is distinguished from the binding states of conventional kinesins, in which the motor heads are always bound in the motive cycle with alternating one-head and two-head binding. The objective was to determine the extent of binding, the binding states of Ncd in the presence of an ATP analogue, AMPPNP, and whether the binding is cooperative. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) of microtubules decorated with a deuterated Ncd construct, Ncd281, in solution containing 42% D(2)O was used. These conditions render the microtubule `invisible' to SANS, while amplifying the SANS from the Ncd constructs. In the presence of AMPPNP, 75% of Ncd281 was not bound. The remainder was bound cooperatively by one of its motor heads to the microtubule. C1 [Hjelm, Rex P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stone, Deborah Bennett; Fletterick, Robert J.; Mendelson, Robert A.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 95128 USA. RP Hjelm, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hjelm@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU University of California; US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-36]; Los Alamos National Security LLC [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX A University of California Directed Research and Development Grant supported part of this work. This work benefited from the use of the Low-Q Diffractometer, LQD, at the Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Center of the Los Alamos National Laboratory supported by the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory operated by the University of California under contract No. W-7405-ENG-36 and subsequently by Los Alamos National Security LLC under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We thank Dr Elena Sablin, UCSF, for providing the Protein Data Bank file containing the coordinates of the Ncd281-decorated tubulin dimer, the laboratory of Dr Roger Cooke, UCSF, for providing the tubulin and Ms Galina Malanina, UCSF, for excellent biochemical assistance. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1218 EP 1223 DI 10.1107/S0907444910021323 PN 11 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700017 PM 21041940 ER PT J AU Frauenfelder, H Mezei, F AF Frauenfelder, Hans Mezei, Ferenc TI Neutron scattering and protein dynamics SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE neutron scattering; protein dynamics; myoglobin ID TRANSITION; MYOGLOBIN AB Neutrons play an important role in the study of proteins. The best known example is the determination of protein structures using neutron diffraction. Less well known, but possibly even more important in the future, is the determination of protein fluctuations using neutron scattering. Here, the background is sketched and some recent measurements are described that show how a relevant and revealing range of relaxation rates can be explored. C1 [Frauenfelder, Hans; Mezei, Ferenc] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Frauenfelder, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM frauenfelder@lanl.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-ACS206NA25396] FX We thank Joel Berendzen, Guo Chen, Paul Fenimore, Ben McMahon and Robert Young for extensive discussions. This work was supported by Department of Energy Contract DE-ACS206NA25396. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1229 EP 1231 DI 10.1107/S0907444910022985 PN 11 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700019 PM 21041942 ER PT J AU Dubey, M Jablin, MS Smith, H Majewski, J AF Dubey, Manish Jablin, Michael S. Smith, Hillary Majewski, Jaroslaw TI Investigations of surrogate cellular membranes using neutron reflectometry SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE neutron reflectometry; model biomembranes; Langmuir-Blodgett; supported bilayers; cell plasma membranes ID RAY REFLECTIVITY DATA; LEAST-SQUARES METHODS; X-RAY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MODEL MEMBRANES; LIPID-MEMBRANES; BILAYER; RAFTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; SPECTROSCOPY AB The nonperturbative nature of neutron reflectometry (NR) coupled with its isotopic sensitivity has made it an ideal candidate for the study of model biological membranes at the solid-liquid interface. In this article, methods are presented for the creation and characterization of supported model membranes which can mimic many of the critical attributes of cell membranes. It is demonstrated that NR can characterize the structure, composition and organization of model membranes deposited on solid, nanoporous and polymer supports. Additionally, in situ NR measurements of the interactions between model membranes and external stimuli are presented. Finally, an investigation of the adherence region of live mouse fibroblast cells is described. C1 [Dubey, Manish; Jablin, Michael S.; Smith, Hillary; Majewski, Jaroslaw] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Majewski, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jarek@lanl.gov RI Dubey, Manish/C-9946-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1237 EP 1243 DI 10.1107/S090744491001766X PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700021 PM 21041944 ER PT J AU Mueser, TC Griffith, WP Kovalevsky, AY Guo, JS Seaver, S Langan, P Hanson, BL AF Mueser, Timothy C. Griffith, Wendell P. Kovalevsky, Andrey Y. Guo, Jingshu Seaver, Sean Langan, Paul Hanson, B. Leif TI Hemoglobin redux: combining neutron and X-ray diffraction with mass spectrometry to analyse the quaternary state of oxidized hemoglobins SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE equine hemoglobin; snow leopard hemoglobin; mass spectrometry; protein sequencing; time-of-flight neutron diffraction; R state; T state; B state; joint XN refinement; protonation state ID CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE II; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; HUMAN DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN; ERYTHROCYTE-MEMBRANE; PROTONATION STATES; ALDOSE REDUCTASE; JOINT NEUTRON; DATA QUALITY; RESOLUTION; HYDROGEN AB Improvements in neutron diffraction instrumentation are affording the opportunity to re-examine the structures of vertebrate hemoglobins and to interrogate proton and solvent position changes between the different quaternary states of the protein. For hemoglobins of unknown primary sequence, structural studies of cyanomethemoglobin (CNmetHb) are being used to help to resolve sequence ambiguity in the mass spectra. These studies have also provided additional structural evidence for the involvement of oxidized hemoglobin in the process of erythrocyte senescence. X-ray crystal studies of Tibetan snow leopard CNmetHb have shown that this protein crystallizes in the B state, a structure with a more open dyad, which possibly has relevance to RBC band 3 protein binding and erythrocyte senescence. R-state equine CNmetHb crystal studies elaborate the solvent differences in the switch and hinge region compared with a human deoxyhemoglobin T-state neutron structure. Lastly, comparison of histidine protonation between the T and R state should enumerate the Bohr-effect protons. C1 [Mueser, Timothy C.; Griffith, Wendell P.; Guo, Jingshu; Seaver, Sean; Langan, Paul; Hanson, B. Leif] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Kovalevsky, Andrey Y.; Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mueser, TC (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM timothy.mueser@utoledo.edu RI Hanson, Bryant Leif/F-8007-2010; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Hanson, Bryant Leif/0000-0003-0345-3702; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Kovalevsky, Andrey/0000-0003-4459-9142 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy; NSF [446218]; NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM071939-01]; LANL LDRD [20080789PRD3, 20070131ER]; National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health [RR-15301]; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The PCS is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy. TCM, SS and BLH were supported by NSF (446218). PL was partly supported by an NIH-NIGMS-funded consortium (1R01GM071939-01) between LANL and LBNL to develop computational tools for neutron protein crystallography. AYK was partly supported by a LANL LDRD grant (20080789PRD3). AYK and PL were partly supported by a LANL LDRD grant (20070131ER). This work is based upon research conducted at the Advanced Photon Source on the Northeastern Collaborative Access Team beamlines, which are supported by award RR-15301 from the National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1249 EP 1256 DI 10.1107/S090744491002545X PN 11 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700023 PM 21041946 ER PT J AU Glusker, JP Carrell, HL Kovalevsky, AY Hanson, L Fisher, SZ Mustyakimov, M Mason, S Forsyth, T Langan, P AF Glusker, Jenny P. Carrell, H. L. Kovalevsky, Andrey Y. Hanson, Leif Fisher, S. Zoe Mustyakimov, Marat Mason, Sax Forsyth, Trevor Langan, Paul TI Using neutron protein crystallography to understand enzyme mechanisms SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; enzyme mechanisms; d-xylose isomerase ID D-XYLOSE ISOMERASE; X-RAY; HYDROGEN; DIFFRACTION AB A description is given of the results of neutron diffraction studies of the structures of four different metal-ion complexes of deuterated d-xylose isomerase. These represent four stages in the progression of the biochemical catalytic action of this enzyme. Analyses of the structural changes observed between the various three-dimensional structures lead to some insight into the mechanism of action of this enzyme. C1 [Glusker, Jenny P.; Carrell, H. L.] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. [Kovalevsky, Andrey Y.; Fisher, S. Zoe; Mustyakimov, Marat; Langan, Paul] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hanson, Leif] Univ Toledo, Dept Chem, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. [Mason, Sax; Forsyth, Trevor] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Glusker, JP (reprint author), Fox Chase Canc Ctr, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. EM jenny.glusker@fccc.edu; langan_paul@lanl.gov RI Hanson, Bryant Leif/F-8007-2010; Forsyth, V. Trevor/A-9129-2010; mason, sax /E-6738-2011; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; OI Hanson, Bryant Leif/0000-0003-0345-3702; Forsyth, V. Trevor/0000-0003-0380-3477; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; Kovalevsky, Andrey/0000-0003-4459-9142 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy; NIH-NIGMS [1R01GM071939-01]; LANL LDRD [20080789PRD3, 20070131ER]; NIH [CA10925, CA06927]; NSF [446218] FX The PCS is funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the Department of Energy. MM and PL were partly supported by an NIH-NIGMS-funded consortium (1R01GM071939-01) between LANL and LNBL to develop computational tools for neutron protein crystallography. AYK was partly supported by a LANL LDRD grant (20080789PRD3). AYK and PL were partly supported by a LANL LDRD grant (20070131ER). JPG was supported by CA10925 and Fox Chase by CA06927, both from NIH. BLH was supported by NSF 446218. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1257 EP 1261 DI 10.1107/S0907444910027915 PN 11 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700024 PM 21041947 ER PT J AU Schoenborn, BP AF Schoenborn, Benno P. TI A history of neutrons in biology: the development of neutron protein crystallography at BNL and LANL SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE protein structure; neutron diffraction; instrumentation ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS; WATER-STRUCTURE; X-RAY; MYOGLOBIN; HYDRATION; CRYSTALS; REFINEMENT; CARBONMONOXYMYOGLOBIN; MACROMOLECULES AB The first neutron diffraction data were collected from crystals of myoglobin almost 42 years ago using a step-scan diffractometer with a single detector. Since then, major advances have been made in neutron sources, instrumentation and data collection and analysis, and in biochemistry. Fundamental discoveries about enzyme mechanisms, biological complex structures, protein hydration and H-atom positions have been and continue to be made using neutron diffraction. The promise of neutrons has not changed since the first crystal diffraction data were collected. Today, with the developments of beamlines at spallation neutron sources and the use of the Laue method for data collection, the field of neutrons in structural biology has renewed vitality. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schoenborn, BP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bschoenborn@sisna.com FU US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX I would like to acknowledge all my students, postdoctoral fellows and colleagues who have worked tirelessly over the years to help achieve the goals I set early in my career. I would also like to acknowledge the funding agencies which have contributed to the many activities, especially the US Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1262 EP 1268 DI 10.1107/S0907444910023140 PN 11 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DR UT WOS:000283714700025 PM 21041948 ER PT J AU Martin, SL Guenther, RH Sit, TL Swartz, PD Meilleur, F Lommel, SA Rose, RB AF Martin, Stanton L. Guenther, Richard H. Sit, Tim L. Swartz, Paul D. Meilleur, Flora Lommel, Steven A. Rose, Robert B. TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of red clover necrotic mosaic virus SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE red clover necrotic mosaic virus; dianthoviruses; viruses ID BUSHY STUNT VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; RNA-2; ORGANIZATION; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS; INVITRO AB Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a species that belongs to the Tombusviridae family of plant viruses with a T = 3 icosahedral capsid. RCNMV virions were purified and were crystallized for X-ray analysis using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. Self-rotation functions and systematic absences identified the space group as I23, with two virions in the unit cell. The crystals diffracted to better than 4 A resolution but were very radiation-sensitive, causing rapid decay of the high-resolution reflections. The data were processed to 6 A in the analysis presented here. C1 [Swartz, Paul D.; Meilleur, Flora; Rose, Robert B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Martin, Stanton L.; Guenther, Richard H.; Sit, Tim L.; Lommel, Steven A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Meilleur, Flora] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Rose, RB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mol & Struct Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bob_rose@ncsu.edu FU NSF [MCB-0651263]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX We thank Carol George for host plant cultivation, Greg Burhman for technical advice and Professor Stefan Franzen for partial financial support. This work was funded in part by NSF Grant MCB-0651263. Data were collected at Southeast Regional Collaborative Access Team (SER-CAT) 22-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Supporting institutions may be found at http://www.ser-cat.org/members.html. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1458 EP 1462 DI 10.1107/S1744309110032483 PN 11 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DM UT WOS:000283714100012 PM 21045294 ER PT J AU Cafasso, J Manjasetty, BA Karr, EA Sandman, K Chance, MR Reeve, JN AF Cafasso, Jacquelyn Manjasetty, Babu A. Karr, Elizabeth A. Sandman, Kathleen Chance, Mark R. Reeve, John N. TI Preliminary crystallography confirms that the archaeal DNA-binding and tryptophan-sensing regulator TrpY is a dimer SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE transcription regulation in archaea; DNA binding; tryptophan sensing; TrpY ID METHANOTHERMOBACTER-THERMAUTOTROPHICUS; TRANSCRIPTION; EVOLUTION; PROTEIN; SHOWS AB TrpY regulates the transcription of the metabolically expensive tryptophan-biosynthetic operon in the thermophilic archaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. TrpY was crystallized using the hanging-drop method with ammonium sulfate as the precipitant. The crystals belonged to the tetragonal space group P4(3)2(1)2 or P4(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 87, c = 147 A, and diffracted to 2.9 A resolution. The possible packing of molecules within the cell based on the values of the Matthews coefficient (V (M)) and analysis of the self-rotation function are consistent with the asymmetric unit being a dimer. Determining the structure of TrpY in detail will provide insight into the mechanisms of DNA binding, tryptophan sensing and transcription regulation at high temperature by this novel archaeal protein. C1 [Manjasetty, Babu A.; Chance, Mark R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Cafasso, Jacquelyn] Cornell Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, United States Dept Energy Summer Undergrad Lab In, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Manjasetty, Babu A.; Chance, Mark R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Prote & Bioinformat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Karr, Elizabeth A.; Sandman, Kathleen; Reeve, John N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Manjasetty, BA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM babu@embl.fr RI Manjasetty, Babu/F-8366-2013; OI Manjasetty, Dr. Babu/0000-0002-8229-4748; Sandman, Kathleen/0000-0002-5222-5864 FU National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P30-EB-09998]; DOE [DE-FG02-87ER13731] FX We thank the staff (M. Sullivan, J. Toomey and D. Abel) of the Center for Synchrotron Biosciences at the NSLS and the Office of Educational Programs at BNL for their generous support. This research was supported in part by The Biomedical Technology Centers Program of the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P30-EB-09998). Methanogen research at OSU was supported by DOE grant DE-FG02-87ER13731 awarded to JNR. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1493 EP 1495 DI 10.1107/S1744309110036031 PN 11 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DM UT WOS:000283714100022 PM 21045304 ER PT J AU Hussey, RJ Coates, L Gill, RS Wright, JN Sarwar, M Coker, S Erskine, PT Cooper, JB Wood, S Clarke, IN Lambden, PR Broadbridge, R Shoolingin-Jordan, PM AF Hussey, R. J. Coates, L. Gill, R. S. Wright, J. N. Sarwar, M. Coker, S. Erskine, P. T. Cooper, J. B. Wood, S. Clarke, I. N. Lambden, P. R. Broadbridge, R. Shoolingin-Jordan, P. M. TI Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the protease from Southampton norovirus complexed with a Michael acceptor inhibitor SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY AND CRYSTALLIZATION COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE 3C proteases; noroviruses; Michael acceptors; inhibitor complexes ID STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN; SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS; BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION; CLEAVAGE SITES; BINDING SITE; VIRUS; POLYPROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB Noroviruses are the predominant cause of human epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Viral replication requires a cysteine protease that cleaves a 200 kDa viral polyprotein into its constituent functional parts. Here, the crystallization of the recombinant protease from the Southampton norovirus is described. Whilst the native crystals were found to diffract only to medium resolution (2.9 A), cocrystals of an inhibitor complex diffracted X-rays to 1.7 A resolution. The polypeptide inhibitor (Ac-EFQLQ-propenyl ethyl ester) possesses an amino-acid sequence designed to match the substrate specificity of the enzyme, but was synthesized with a reactive Michael acceptor group at the C-terminal end. C1 [Gill, R. S.; Coker, S.; Erskine, P. T.; Cooper, J. B.; Wood, S.] UCL Dept Med, Ctr Amyloidosis & Acute Phase Prot, Lab Prot Crystallog, London NW3 2PF, England. [Hussey, R. J.; Wright, J. N.; Sarwar, M.; Shoolingin-Jordan, P. M.] Univ Southampton, Sch Biol Sci, Southampton SO16 7PX, Hants, England. [Coates, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Clarke, I. N.; Lambden, P. R.] Southampton Gen Hosp, Univ Med Sch, Div Infect Inflammat & Immun, Mol Microbiol Grp, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. [Broadbridge, R.] Peptide Prot Res Ltd, Wickham PO17 5DY, Hants, England. RP Cooper, JB (reprint author), UCL Dept Med, Ctr Amyloidosis & Acute Phase Prot, Lab Prot Crystallog, Royal Free Campus,Rowland Hill St, London NW3 2PF, England. EM jbcooper@medsch.ucl.ac.uk OI Clarke, Ian/0000-0002-4938-1620; Coates, Leighton/0000-0003-2342-049X FU School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton; Hope (Southampton General Hospital); Wellcome Trust [086112] FX We gratefully acknowledge the School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton for a studentship award to RJH, Hope (Southampton General Hospital) for a grant to PMSJ and the ESRF (Grenoble, France) for beam time and travel support. The work was also part-supported by a Wellcome Trust grant (reference 086112) to INC and PRL. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1744-3091 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR F JI Acta Crystallogr. F-Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 66 BP 1544 EP 1548 DI 10.1107/S1744309110039059 PN 11 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 674DM UT WOS:000283714100036 PM 21045318 ER PT J AU Weinberger, CR AF Weinberger, Christopher R. TI Dislocation drag at the nanoscale SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Dislocation mobility; Nanostructure; Plastic deformation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-METALS; STRENGTH; SURFACE; SIMULATIONS; MOBILITY; BEHAVIOR; NI AB The mobility of dislocations is shown to be a size-dependent phenomenon. When dislocations intersect free surfaces, the mobility decreases as the dislocation length decreases, suggesting that dislocation motion in small structures may be more difficult. This increased drag may be related to surface forces acting where the dislocation intersects the free surface or from altered dislocation-phonon interactions. Mobility, however, is not as dependent on the film thickness and converges rapidly to bulk values. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weinberger, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM crweinb@sandia.gov RI Weinberger, Christopher/E-2602-2011 OI Weinberger, Christopher/0000-0001-9550-6992 FU Sandia Corporation; US Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Sandia National Laboratories Truman Fellowship in National Security Science and Engineering, sponsored by Sandia Corporation (a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation) as Operator of Sandia National Laboratories under its US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The author would like to thank Dr. Stephen Foiles for useful discussions. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 19 BP 6535 EP 6541 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.08.017 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 675EB UT WOS:000283807900033 ER PT J AU Hu, SY Henager, CH Chen, LQ AF Hu, ShenYang Henager, Chuck H., Jr. Chen, LongQing TI Simulations of stress-induced twinning and de-twinning: A phase field model SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Phase field method; Partial dislocation; Deformation twin; Polycrystal deformation ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; FCC METALS; DEFORMATION TWINS; DISLOCATION; NUCLEATION; MICROSTRUCTURES; ENERGY AB Twinning in certain metals or under certain conditions is a major plastic deformation mode. Here we present a phase field model to describe twin formation and evolution in a polycrystalline fcc metal under loading and unloading. The model assumes that twin nucleation, growth and de-twinning is a process of partial dislocation nucleation and slip on successive habit planes. Stacking fault energies, energy pathways (gamma surfaces), critical shear stresses for the formation of stacking faults and dislocation core energies are used to construct the thermodynamic model. The simulation results demonstrate that the model is able to predict the nucleation of twins and partial dislocations, as well as the morphology of the twin nuclei, and to reasonably describe twin growth and interaction. The twin microstructures at grain boundaries are in agreement with experimental observation. It was found that de-twinning occurs during unloading in the simulations, however, a strong dependence of twin structure evolution on loading history was observed. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, ShenYang; Henager, Chuck H., Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Chen, LongQing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Hu, SY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM shenyang.hu@pnl.gov RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082; Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy NA22 Project "Property improvement in CZT via processing and modeling innovations" in the Pacific North-west National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830. S.H. would like to thank Drs. X. Sun and Y.F. Shen at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Drs. Y. Wang and T.W. Heo at The Pennsylvania State University for helpful discussions. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 19 BP 6554 EP 6564 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.08.020 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 675EB UT WOS:000283807900035 ER PT J AU Hollis, KJ AF Hollis, Kendall J. TI Zirconium Diffusion Barrier Coatings for Uranium Fuel used in Nuclear Reactors SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hollis, KJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663,MS G-770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kjhollis@lanl.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 168 IS 11 BP 57 EP 59 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 691IP UT WOS:000285073800035 ER PT J AU Wereszczak, AA Kirkland, TP Strong, KT Jadaan, OM Thompson, GA AF Wereszczak, A. A. Kirkland, T. P. Strong, K. T., Jr. Jadaan, O. M. Thompson, G. A. TI Size scaling of tensile failure stress in boron carbide SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED CERAMICS LA English DT Article DE Boron carbide; Weibull; Strength; Strength scaling ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; FRACTURE; COMPRESSION; DAMAGE; TILES AB Weibull strength size scaling in a rotary ground, hot pressed boron carbide is described when strength test coupons sampled effective areas from very small (similar to 0.001 mm(2)) to very large (similar to 40 000 mm(2)). The testing of this ceramic is relevant because it is a candidate material for use in personnel armour. Equibiaxial flexure and Hertzian testing were used for the strength testing. Characteristic strengths for several different specimen geometries are analysed as a function of effective area. Characteristic strength was found to substantially increase with decreased effective area and exhibited a bilinear relationship. Machining damage limited strength as measured with equibiaxial flexure testing for effective areas greater than similar to 1 mm(2), and microstructural scale flaws limited strength for effective areas, <0.1 mm(2) for the Hertzian testing. The selections of a ceramic strength to account for ballistically induced tile deflection and expanding cavity modelling are uniquely considered in context with the measured strength size scaling. C1 [Wereszczak, A. A.; Kirkland, T. P.; Strong, K. T., Jr.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jadaan, O. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Coll Engn Math & Sci, Platteville, WI 53818 USA. [Thompson, G. A.] USA, DTRD, Great Lakes, IL USA. RP Wereszczak, AA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wereszczakaa@ornl.gov RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X FU US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This research was sponsored by the Work for Others sponsor US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center under contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. H.-T. Lin (ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA) is thanked for assisting with the scanning electron microscopy, and K. Johanns (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA) is thanked for assistance with the effective area estimations. Lastly, the authors thank J. Hemrick and A. Shyam (ORNL) for reviewing the manuscript and for their helpful comments. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1743-6753 J9 ADV APPL CERAM JI Adv. Appl. Ceram. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 109 IS 8 BP 487 EP 492 DI 10.1179/174367510X12677121374546 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 690KA UT WOS:000285002300005 ER PT J AU Niu, SJ Lu, CS Liu, YG Zhao, LJ Lu, JJ Yang, J AF Niu Shengjie Lu Chunsong Liu Yangang Zhao Lijuan Lue Jingjing Yang Jun TI Analysis of the Microphysical Structure of Heavy Fog Using a Droplet Spectrometer: A Case Study SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fog microphysics; positive correlation; high liquid water content; low visibility; warm and moist air ID RADIATION FOG; MODEL SIMULATION; CLOUD FOREST; VALLEY FOG; WATER; CHINA; MICROSTRUCTURE; DISTRIBUTIONS; EXTINCTION; DEPOSITION AB The microphysical properties of a long-lasting heavy fog event are examined based on the results from a comprehensive field campaign conducted during the winter of 2006 at Pancheng (32.2A degrees N, 118.7A degrees E), Jiangsu Province, China. It is demonstrated that the key microphysical properties (liquid water content, fog droplet concentration, mean radius and standard deviation) exhibited positive correlations with one another in general, and that the 5-min-average maximum value of fog liquid water content was sometimes greater than 0.5 g m(-3). Further analysis shows that the unique combination of positive correlations likely arose from the simultaneous supply of moist air and fog condensation nuclei associated with the advection of warm air, which further led to high liquid water content. High values of liquid water content and droplet concentration conspired to cause low visibility (< 50 m) for a prolonged period of about 40 h. Examination of the microphysical relationships conditioned by the corresponding autoconversion threshold functions shows that the collision-coalescence process was sometimes likely to occur, weakening the positive correlations induced by droplet activation and condensational growth. Statistical analysis shows that the observed droplet size distribution can be described well by the Gamma distribution. C1 [Niu Shengjie; Lu Chunsong; Zhao Lijuan; Lue Jingjing; Yang Jun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci Technol, Sch Atmospher Phys, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. [Lu Chunsong; Liu Yangang] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Niu, SJ (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci Technol, Sch Atmospher Phys, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Peoples R China. EM niusj@nuist.edu.cn RI Liu, Yangang/H-6154-2011; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Lu, Chunsong/F-2645-2013; Lu, Chunsong/K-7124-2013 OI Lu, Chunsong/0000-0002-8967-0371 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [40537034, 40775012]; Natural Science Fund for Universities in Jiangsu Province [06KJA17021, 08KJA170002]; Ministry of Science and Technology [GYHY (QX) 2007-6-26]; Qing-Lan Project for cloud-fog-precipitation-aerosol study in Jiangsu Province; Graduate Student Innovation Plan in the Universities of Jiangsu Province [CX09B_226Z]; US Department of Energy FX Funding for this work was mainly provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40537034 and 40775012), the Natural Science Fund for Universities in Jiangsu Province (Grant Nos. 06KJA17021 and 08KJA170002), the Meteorology Fund of the Ministry of Science and Technology [ Grant No. GYHY (QX) 2007-6-26], the Qing-Lan Project for cloud-fog-precipitation-aerosol study in Jiangsu Province and the Graduate Student Innovation Plan in the Universities of Jiangsu Province (CX09B_226Z). LIU Yangang was supported by the Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program of the US Department of Energy. Dr. Binbin Zhou at the NOAA Environmental Modeling Center provided valuable suggestions. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 17 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1275 DI 10.1007/s00376-010-8192-6 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666RR UT WOS:000283136900004 ER PT J AU Arafat, HA Aase, SB Bakel, AJ Bowers, DL Gelis, AV Regalbuto, MC Vandegrift, GF AF Arafat, H. A. Aase, S. B. Bakel, A. J. Bowers, D. L. Gelis, A. V. Regalbuto, M. C. Vandegrift, G. F. TI The Application of In Situ Formed Mixed Iron Oxides in the Removal of Strontium and Actinides from Nuclear Tank Waste SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE strontium; high-level waste; TRU elements; decontamination; iron oxide; tank waste; Savannah River Site ID MEDIA AB This article discusses the experimental program conducted at Argonne National Laboratory to study the performance of in situ formed mixed iron oxides (IS-MIO) for the removal of strontium (Sr), plutonium (Pu), neptunium (Np), uranium (U), and americium (Am) from the Savannah River Site (SRS) radioactive tank waste. The boundaries for the experimental work were defined in collaboration with SRS. IS-MIO was actually found to be a mixture of Fe(II) and Fe(III) oxides and hydroxides, including magnetite. Decontamination factor (DF) values were measured for both IS-MIO and monosodium titanate (MST), the baseline sorbent used by SRS. DF values for IS-MIO were found to be superior to MST for all isotopes studied. DF values for Pu, Np, and Sr, achieved within 30 min of IS-MIO formation were orders of magnitude larger than the needed values. DF values for U and Am were less than the former three but still acceptable, and greater than MST. (C) 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 56: 3012-3020, 2010 C1 [Arafat, H. A.; Aase, S. B.; Bakel, A. J.; Bowers, D. L.; Gelis, A. V.; Regalbuto, M. C.; Vandegrift, G. F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Arafat, HA (reprint author), An Najah Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nablus, W Bank, Israel. EM nabulsi444@yahoo.com FU Office of Environmental Management of the U.S. Department of Energy; Tank Focus Area (TFA) of the Office of Science and Technology [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX The authors are grateful for the assistance of, and the helpful discussions with Sam Fink, David Hobbs, Sharon Marra, Carol Jantzen, and Major Thompson, from SRS, Harry Harmon, from DOE's Tank Focus Area, and John Plodinec from Mississippi State University. The authors are also grateful for the assistance of Andy Hebden from the Chemical Science and Engineering Division, ARGONNE for his help in performing the particle size distribution analysis. This work was supported by the Office of Environmental Management of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Efficient Separations and Processing (ESP) Program and the Tank Focus Area (TFA) of the Office of Science and Technology under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38 with Argonne National Laboratory, managed by the University of Chicago. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 56 IS 11 BP 3012 EP 3020 DI 10.1002/aic.12197 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 666HF UT WOS:000283104700023 ER PT J AU Del Valle, SY Tellier, R Settles, GS Tang, JW AF Del Valle, Sara Y. Tellier, Raymond Settles, Gary S. Tang, Julian W. TI Can we reduce the spread of influenza in schools with face masks? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Editorial Material DE Nonpharmaceutical; intervention; pandemic; transmission; prevention; droplet; social distancing; children AB There is sufficient evidence indicating that masks, if worn properly and consistently, are an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention in the control of disease spread. The use of masks during a pandemic can minimize the spread of influenza and its economic impact, yet mask-wearing compliance in adults is often poor. Educating the public on the effectiveness of masks can increase compliance whilst reducing morbidity and mortality. With targeted campaigns and the help of the fashion industry, masks may become a popular accessory amongst school children. As children are effective source-transmitters of infection, encouraging a trend toward such increased mask-wearing could result in a significant, self-perpetuating reduction mechanism for limiting influenza transmission in schools during a pandemic. C1 [Del Valle, Sara Y.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Tellier, Raymond] Univ Calgary, Prov Lab Publ Hlth Alberta, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Tellier, Raymond] Univ Calgary, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Settles, Gary S.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, Gas Dynam Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tang, Julian W.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Lab Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. RP Tang, JW (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore Hosp, Dept Lab Med, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore. EM jwtang49@hotmail.com NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 9 BP 676 EP 677 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.03.012 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 672KS UT WOS:000283582500006 PM 20605264 ER PT J AU Kronfeld, AS Quigg, C AF Kronfeld, Andreas S. Quigg, Chris TI Resource Letter QCD-1: Quantum chromodynamics SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Bibliography AB This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the relativistic quantum field theory of the strong interactions. Journal articles, books, and other documents are cited for the following topics: Quarks and color, the parton model, Yang-Mills theory, experimental evidence for color, QCD as a color gauge theory, asymptotic freedom, QCD for heavy hadrons, QCD on the lattice, the QCD vacuum, pictures of quark confinement, early and modern applications of perturbative QCD, the determination of the strong coupling and quark masses, QCD and the hadron spectrum, hadron decays, the quark-gluon plasma, the strong nuclear interaction, and QCD's role in nuclear physics. (C) 2010 American Association of Physics Teachers. [DOI: 10.1119/1.3454865] C1 [Kronfeld, Andreas S.; Quigg, Chris] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kronfeld, AS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ask@fnal.gov; quigg@fnal.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359] FX Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1081 EP 1116 DI 10.1119/1.3454865 PG 36 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 667LZ UT WOS:000283196100005 ER PT J AU Davis, MC Brouwer, WJ Lipton, AS Gan, ZH Mueller, KT AF Davis, Michael C. Brouwer, William J. Lipton, Andrew S. Gan, Zhehong Mueller, Karl T. TI Characterization of cation environments in polycrystalline forsterite by Mg-25 MAS, MQMAS, and QCPMG NMR SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Forsterite; magnesium; Mg-25; NMR; MQMAS; QCPMG ID HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR; ANGLE-SPINNING NMR; INTEGER QUADRUPOLAR NUCLEI; DISSOLUTION RATES; O-17 NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; SOLIDS; SENSITIVITY; OLIVINE; MG2SIO4 AB Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) is a silicate mineral frequently studied in the Earth sciences as it has a simple crystal structure and fast dissolution kinetics (elemental release rates under typical conditions on the order of 10(-7) mol/m(2)/s(1)). During the dissolution process, spectroscopic techniques are often utilized to augment solution chemical analysis and to provide data for determining reaction mechanisms. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is able to interrogate the local bonding arrangement and coordination of a particular nuclide to obtain structural information. Although previous NMR studies have focused on the silicon and oxygen environments in forsterite, studies focusing on the two nonequivalent magnesium environments in forsterite are limited to a few single-crystal studies. In this study, we present the results of Mg-25 MAS, MQMAS, and static QCPMG experiments performed on a powdered sample of a pure synthetic forsterite. We also present spectral fits obtained from simulation software packages, which directly provide quadrupolar parameters for Mg-25 nuclei occupying each of the two nonequivalent magnesium sites in the forsterite structure. These results are compared to calculations of the electric field gradient tensor conducted in previous ab initio studies to make definitive assignments correlating each peak to their respective magnesium site in the forsterite structure. Althought previous NMR investigations of forsterite have focused on single-crystal samples, we have focused on powdered forsterite as the increased surface area of powdered samples makes them more amenable to laboratory-scale dissolution studies and, ultimately, the products from chemical weathering may be monitored and quantified. C1 [Davis, Michael C.; Brouwer, William J.; Mueller, Karl T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Lipton, Andrew S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gan, Zhehong] Natl High Field Magnet Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Davis, MC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, 104 Chem Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM ktm2@psu.edu RI Mueller, Karl/A-3637-2010; Gan, Zhehong/C-2400-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Penn State Center for Environmental Analysis; National Science Foundation [CHE-0431328, CHE-0535656]; National Institutes of Health [EB003893]; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida FX Portions of this research were carried out at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research) located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and operated for DOE by Battelle. The authors would like to thank Sarah Burton and Joseph Ford at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, as well as Dan Suchy at Penn State, for experimental assistance. The authors also acknowledge the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in Tallahassee, Florida, for instrument time and support. In addition, the authors would like to greatly acknowledge the assistance of Nichole Wonderling and the Penn State Materials Characterization Laboratory for XRD analysis and assistance performing Reitveld refinement to obtain refined lattice parameters. Michael C. Davis would like to thank the Penn State Center for Environmental Analysis and the National Science Foundation for funding under grant CHE-0431328, William Brouwer and Karl Mueller were funded through National Science Foundation grant CHE-0535656, and Andrew Liption received partial support from the National Institutes of Health (Federal Grant EB003893). NR 48 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 13 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 95 IS 11-12 BP 1601 EP 1607 DI 10.2138/am.2010.3403 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 679XW UT WOS:000284195100001 ER PT J AU Ye, Y Smyth, JR Hushur, A Manghnani, MH Lonappan, H Dera, P Frost, DJ AF Ye, Yu Smyth, Joseph R. Hushur, Anwar Manghnani, Murli H. Lonappan, Havana Dera, Przemyslaw Frost, Daniel J. TI Crystal structure of hydrous wadsleyite with 2.8% H2O and compressibility to 60 GPa SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE Compressibility; hydrous wadsleyite; neon; orthorhombic ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-BOUNDARY; THERMAL-EXPANSION; EARTHS INTERIOR; PRESSURE SCALE; BETA-MG2SIO4; RINGWOODITE; MG2SIO4; MANTLE; CALIBRATION AB Hydrous wadsleyite (beta-Mg2SiO4) with 2.8 wt% water content has been synthesized at 15 GPa and 1250 degrees C in a multi-anvil press. The unit-cell parameters are: a = 5.6686(8), b = 11.569(1), c = 8.2449(9) angstrom, beta = 90.14(1)degrees, and V = 540.7(1) angstrom(3), and the space group is I2/m. The structure was refined in space groups Imma and I2/m. The room-pressure structure differs from that of anhydrous wadsleyite principally in the increased cation distances around O1, the non-silicate oxygen. The compression of a single crystal of this wadsleyite was measured up to 61.3(7) GPa at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell with neon as pressure medium by X-ray diffraction at Sector 13 at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The experimental pressure range was far beyond the wadsleyite-ringwoodite phase-transition pressure at 525 km depth (17.5 GPa), while a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state (EoS) [V-0 = 542.7(8) angstrom(3), K-T0 = 137(5) GPa, K' = 4.6(3)] still fits the data well. In comparison, the second-order fit gives V-0 = 542.7(8) angstrom(3), K-T = 147(2) GPa. The relation between isothermal bulk modulus of hydrous wadsleyite K-T0 and water content C-H2O is: KT0 = 171(1)-12(1) CH.,0 (up to 2.8 wt% water). The axial-compressibility beta(c) is larger than both beta(a) and beta(b), consistent with previous studies and analogous to the largest coefficient of thermal expansion along the c-axis. C1 [Ye, Yu] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smyth, Joseph R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hushur, Anwar; Manghnani, Murli H.; Lonappan, Havana] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dera, Przemyslaw] Univ Chicago, Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Radiat Sources, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Frost, Daniel J.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Ye, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yey@colorado.edu RI Dera, Przemyslaw/F-6483-2013; Frost, Daniel/B-7526-2016 OI Frost, Daniel/0000-0002-4443-8149 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR 07-11165, EAR 05-38884]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [W-31-109-Eng-38] FX This work was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant EAR 07-11165 (to J. R.S.) and EAR 05-38884 (to M.H.M.). Use of the IMCA-CAT beamline 13-BM-D at Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. W-31-109-Eng-38. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 95 IS 11-12 BP 1765 EP 1772 DI 10.2138/am.2010.3533 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 679XW UT WOS:000284195100021 ER PT J AU Smith, TP AF Smith, Timothy Paul TI The Anatomy of a Neutron The "neutral" part of the atom is far more than buffer or ballast-when viewed at the correct scale SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article C1 [Smith, Timothy Paul] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6128, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Smith, Timothy Paul] MIT, Bates Large Acceptance Spectrometer Toroid Projec, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Smith, Timothy Paul] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, BLAST Project, Newport News, VA USA. RP Smith, TP (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6128, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM timothy.p.smith@dartmouth.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 98 IS 6 BP 478 EP 485 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 663UC UT WOS:000282914500017 ER PT J AU Nowak-Lovato, KL Wilson, BS Rector, KD AF Nowak-Lovato, K. L. Wilson, Bridget S. Rector, Kirk D. TI SERS nanosensors that report pH of endocytic compartments during Fc epsilon RI transit SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE SERS; Endosome; Amiloride; Bafilomycin; Raman; pH ID SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN; RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; LIVING CELLS; BAFILOMYCIN A(1); LYSOSOMAL PH; LIVE CELLS; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; ACIDIFICATION; TRANSPORT AB Recently, the development of an IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI)-targeted, pH-sensitive, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanosensor has been demonstrated by Nowak-Lovato and Rector (Appl Spectrosc 63:387-395, 2009). The targeted nanosensor enables spatial and temporal pH measurements as internalized receptors progress through endosomal compartments in live cells. Trafficking of receptor-bound nanosensors was compared at physiological temperature (37 A degrees C) versus room temperature (25 A degrees C). As expected, we observed markedly slower progression of receptors through low-pH endocytic compartments at the lower temperature. We also demonstrate the utility of the nanosensors to measure directly changes in the pH of intracellular compartments after treatment with bafilomycin or amiloride. We report an increase in endosome compartment pH after treatment with bafilomycin, an H(+) ATPase pump inhibitor. Decreased endosomal luminal pH was measured in cells treated with amiloride, an inhibitor of Na(+)/H(+) exchange. The decrease in amiloride-treated cells was transient, followed by a recovery period of approximately 15-20 min to restore endosomal pH. These experiments demonstrate the novel application of Raman spectroscopy to monitor local pH environment in live cells with the use of targeted SERS nanosensors. C1 [Nowak-Lovato, K. L.; Rector, Kirk D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nowak-Lovato, K. L.; Wilson, Bridget S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Hlth Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Rector, KD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kdr@lanl.gov RI Rector, Kirk/C-3584-2011 FU Los Alamos National Security [DE-RP52-05NA25396]; US Department of Energy; Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development [20080001DR]; NIH [R01 AI051575] FX This manuscript has been authored by Los Alamos National Security under Contract no. DE-RP52-05NA25396 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. The authors acknowledge Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development grant 20080001DR (to KR) and NIH R01 AI051575 (to BW) for support of this project. We acknowledge the use of the UNM-HSC Electron Microscopy Facility and the UNM Cancer Center Fluorescent Microscopy Facility. We also thank Professors Janet Oliver, Diane Lidke, and Keith Lidke (University of New Mexico) for advice and input. Finally, we thank Brian Dyer of Emory University for useful discussions. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 398 IS 5 BP 2019 EP 2029 DI 10.1007/s00216-010-4176-8 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 668BV UT WOS:000283244500023 PM 20842349 ER PT J AU Holman, HYN Bechtel, HA Hao, Z Martin, MC AF Holman, Hoi-Ying N. Bechtel, Hans A. Hao, Zhao Martin, Michael C. TI Synchrotron IR Spectromicroscopy: Chemistry of Living Cells SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FTIR SPECTROMICROSCOPY; PERSISTER CELLS; RADIATION; BIOFILMS; MICROSPECTROSCOPY; HETEROGENEITY; ENVIRONMENT; DISEASE; ENERGY AB Advanced analytical capabilities of synchrotron IR spectromicroscopy meet the demands of modern biological research for studying molecular reactions in individual living cells. (To listen to a podcast about this article, please go to the Analytical Chemistry multimedia page at pubs.acs.org/page/ancham/audio/index.html.) C1 [Holman, Hoi-Ying N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Struct Biol BSISB P, ALS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holman, Hoi-Ying N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Holman, HYN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Struct Biol BSISB P, ALS, MS 70A-3317L,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM hyholman@lbl.gov RI Holman, Hoi-Ying/N-8451-2014; Hao, Zhao/G-2391-2015 OI Holman, Hoi-Ying/0000-0002-7534-2625; Hao, Zhao/0000-0003-0677-8529 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231, KP1501021]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research's Structural Biology Program through contracts DE-AC02-05CH11231 and KP1501021 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 50 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 21 BP 8757 EP 8765 DI 10.1021/ac100991d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 671SS UT WOS:000283531200003 PM 20839782 ER PT J AU Hecht, AH Sommer, GJ Durland, RH Yang, XB Singh, AK Hatch, AV AF Hecht, Ariel H. Sommer, Greg J. Durland, Ross H. Yang, Xianbin Singh, Anup K. Hatch, Anson V. TI Aptamers as Affinity Reagents in an Integrated Electrophoretic Lab-on-a-Chip Platform SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROBE CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NF-KAPPA-B; LINKED POLYACRYLAMIDE-GELS; COMBINATORIAL SELECTION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; PROTEINS; LIGANDS; BINDING; IGE; IMMUNOASSAYS AB Nucleic acid based affinity reagents (e.g., aptamers) offer several possible advantages over antibodies as specific recognition elements in biochemical assays. Besides offering improved cost and stability, aptamers are ideal for rapid electrophoretic analysis due to their low molecular weight and high negative charge. While aptamers have proven well-suited for affinity-shift electrophoretic analysis, demonstrating a fully integrated aptamer-based assay platform represents an important achievement toward low-cost point-of-care analysis, particularly for remote or resource poor settings where cost and ambient stability of reagents is a key consideration. Here we perform and evaluate the suitability of aptamer-based affinity assays for two clinically relevant target analytes (IgE using a known aptamer and NF-kappa B using a thiomodified aptamer) in an integrated electrophoretic gel-shift platform. Key steps of (i) mixing sample with aptamer, (ii) buffer exchange, and (iii) preconcentration of sample were successfully integrated on-chip upstream of a fluorescence-based gel-shift analysis step. This approach, utilizing a size-exclusion membrane optimized here for aptamer retention and preconcentration with sample, enables automated sample-to-answer for trace analytes in 10 min or less. We addressed notable nonspecific interference from serum proteins by adding similar nucleic acid competitors to suppress such interactions with the aptamer. Nanomolar sensitivities were demonstrated and integrated preconcentration of sample provides an important means of further improving detection sensitivities. Aptamers proved superior in many respects to antibody reagents, particularly with regard to speed and resolution of gel-shifts associated with specific binding to target C1 [Hecht, Ariel H.; Sommer, Greg J.; Singh, Anup K.; Hatch, Anson V.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Hecht, Ariel H.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Durland, Ross H.; Yang, Xianbin] AM Biotechnol LLC, Houston, TX 77034 USA. RP Hatch, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM ahatch@sandia.gov OI zaraat, javad/0000-0001-5341-7481 FU NASA SBIR [NNX10CA98C]; National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Disease [U01A1075441]; Sandia Lab [09-0856]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DHS; Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; United States Department of Energy [AC0494AL85000] FX A.H.H. and G.J.S. contributed equally to this manuscript. Aptamer evaluations were supported by NASA SBIR Contract No. NNX10CA98C. The microfluidic platform development and integrated diagnostic system was partially supported by the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Disease Grant U01A1075441 and by Sandia Lab Directed Research and Development Award 09-0856. This research was partially performed under an appointment to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Scholarship and Fellowship Program, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and DHS. ORISE is managed by Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) under DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23100. All opinions expressed in this paper are the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of DHS, DOE, or ORAU/ORISE. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC0494AL85000. NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 21 BP 8813 EP 8820 DI 10.1021/ac101106m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 671SS UT WOS:000283531200012 PM 20945866 ER PT J AU Gomez-Sjoberg, R Leyrat, AA Houseman, BT Shokat, K Quake, SR AF Gomez-Sjoberg, Rafael Leyrat, Anne A. Houseman, Benjamin T. Shokat, Kevan Quake, Stephen R. TI Biocompatibility and Reduced Drug Absorption of Sol-Gel-Treated Poly(dimethyl siloxane) for Microfluidic Cell Culture Applications SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION; MICROCHANNELS; POLYMERS; DEVICES AB Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices are now commonly used for a wide variety of biological experiments, including cell culture assays. However, the porous, hydrophobic polymer matrix of PDMS rapidly absorbs small hydrophobic molecules, including hormones and most small-molecule drugs. This makes it challenging to perform experiments that require such substances in PDMS microfluidic devices. This study presents evidence that a sol-gel treatment of PDMS that fills the polymer matrix with silica nanoparticles is effective at reducing the absorption of drugs into the material while preserving its biocompatibility, transparency, and oxygen permeability. We show that the absorption of two anticancer drugs, camptothecin and a kinase inhibitor, is reduced to such an extent that on-chip microfluidic cell culture experiments can recapitulate the results obtained off-chip. C1 [Gomez-Sjoberg, Rafael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leyrat, Anne A.; Quake, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Dept Bioengn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Shokat, Kevan; Quake, Stephen R.] Stanford Univ, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Houseman, Benjamin T.] Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Anesthesia & Perioperat Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Shokat, Kevan] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Cellular & Mol Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Shokat, Kevan] Univ Calif San Francisco, Howard Hughes Med Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Gomez-Sjoberg, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rgomez@lbl.gov FU National Institutes of Health [DP1 OD000251]; National Cancer Institute; Mount Zion Health Fund FX R.G.-S. acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award (DP1 OD000251). A.A.L. is grateful for support from the National Cancer Institute. B.T.H. was supported by the Mount Zion Health Fund. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 21 BP 8954 EP 8960 DI 10.1021/ac101870s PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 671SS UT WOS:000283531200031 PM 20936785 ER PT J AU Baran, R Bowen, BP Bouskill, NJ Brodie, EL Yannone, SM Northen, TR AF Baran, Richard Bowen, Benjamin P. Bouskill, Nicholas J. Brodie, Eoin L. Yannone, Steven M. Northen, Trent R. TI Metabolite Identification in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 Using Untargeted Stable Isotope Assisted Metabolite Profiling SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION; PRODUCT IONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEUTRAL LOSSES; AMINO-ACIDS; METABOLOMICS; GLUTAMYL; ERGOTHIONEINE; FRAGMENTATION AB Metabolite profiling using mass spectrometry provides an attractive approach for the interrogation of cellular metabolic capabilities. Untargeted metabolite profiling has the potential to identify numerous novel metabolites; however, de novo identification of metabolites from spectral features remains a challenge. Here we present an integrated workflow for metabolite identification using uniform stable isotope labeling. Metabolite profiling of cell and growth media extracts of unlabeled control, (15)N, and (13)C-labeled cultures of the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was performed using normal phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Visualization of three-way comparisons of raw data sets highlighted characteristic labeling patterns for metabolites of biological origin allowing exhaustive identification of corresponding spectral features. Additionally, unambiguous assignment of chemical formulas was greatly facilitated by the use of stable isotope labeling. Chemical formulas of metabolites responsible for redundant spectral features were determined and fragmentation (MS/MS) spectra for these metabolites were collected. Analysis of acquired MS/MS spectra against spectral database records led to the identification of a number of metabolites absent not only from the reconstructed draft metabolic network of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 but not included in databases of metabolism (MetaCyc or KEGG). C1 [Baran, Richard; Bowen, Benjamin P.; Yannone, Steven M.; Northen, Trent R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bouskill, Nicholas J.; Brodie, Eoin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Northen, TR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TRNorthen@lbl.gov RI Yannone, Steven/G-1927-2011; Northen, Trent/K-3139-2012; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Bouskill, Nick/G-2390-2015; OI Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Northen, Trent/0000-0001-8404-3259 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics, GTL Foundational Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Aindrila Mukhopadhyay for valuable discussions, Justin P. Ishida for help with the microbial culture, and Bin Yoo for technical help. This work was part of the U.S. Department of Energy Genomics Sciences program ENIGMA is a Scientific Focus Area Program supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics, GTL Foundational Science through Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 54 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 21 BP 9034 EP 9042 DI 10.1021/ac1020112 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 671SS UT WOS:000283531200042 PM 20945921 ER PT J AU Benz, J Palmer, TS AF Benz, Jacob Palmer, Todd S. TI Pulse height distributions from deterministic radiation transport simulations SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Radiation detection; Deterministic transport; Pulse height distributions AB In this paper, we demonstrate that deterministic transport simulations can be used to calculate the pulse height distribution for photons interacting in detector geometries. Typically, Monte Carlo transport methods are used for this application. Utilizing the collided components of the scalar flux calculated from the standard Source Iteration procedure used in many deterministic transport codes, we have generated photon pulse height distributions that compare favorably with those from MCNP5. Several test problems in 1-D slab geometry form the basis of our comparison with MCNP5, but the algorithm is easily extensible to 3-D geometries. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Palmer, Todd S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palmer, TS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiat Hlth Phys, 116 Radiat Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM palmerts@ne.orst.edu NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1486 EP 1493 DI 10.1016/j.anucene.2010.06.015 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 652GQ UT WOS:000281991800009 ER PT J AU Mitri, FG AF Mitri, F. G. TI Acoustic scattering of a high-order Bessel beam by an elastic sphere (vol 323, pg 2840, 2008) SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Mitri, F. G.] Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biomed Engn, Ultrasound Res Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Mitri, FG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acoust & Sensors Technol Team, MPA-11,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mitri@lanl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 325 IS 11 BP 2594 EP 2594 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2010.05.014 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 654YC UT WOS:000282206200015 ER PT J AU Bollmann, A Palumbo, AV Lewis, K Epstein, SS AF Bollmann, Annette Palumbo, Anthony V. Lewis, Kim Epstein, Slava S. TI Isolation and Physiology of Bacteria from Contaminated Subsurface Sediments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; CAULOBACTER-CRESCENTUS; SOIL BACTERIA; HEAVY-METAL; URANIUM; CULTIVATION; MICROORGANISMS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY AB The majority of environmental microorganisms cannot be grown by traditional techniques. Here we employed, and contrasted with conventional plating, an alternative approach based on cultivation of microorganisms inside diffusion chambers incubated within natural samples, followed by subculturing in petri dishes. Using this approach, we isolated microorganisms from subsurface sediments from the Field Research Center (FRC) in Oak Ridge, TN. The sediments were acidic and highly contaminated with uranium, heavy metals, nitrate, and organic pollutants. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed clear differences between diversity of isolates obtained by the diffusion chamber approach and those obtained by conventional plating. The latter approach led to isolation of members of the Alpha-and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Isolates obtained via the diffusion chamber approach represented the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Notably, one-third of the isolates obtained by the new method were closely related to species known from previous molecular surveys conducted in the FRC area. Since the initial growth of microorganisms inside diffusion chambers occurred in the presence of the environmental stress factors, we expected the isolates we obtained to be tolerant of these factors. We investigated the physiologies of selected isolates and discovered that the majority were indeed capable of growth under low pH and/or high concentrations of heavy metals and nitrate. This indicated that in contrast to conventional isolation, the diffusion chamber-based approach leads to isolation of species that are novel, exhibit tolerance to extant environmental conditions, and match some of the species previously discovered by molecular methods. C1 [Bollmann, Annette; Lewis, Kim; Epstein, Slava S.] Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Bollmann, Annette] Miami Univ, Dept Microbiol, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Palumbo, Anthony V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Epstein, Slava S.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. RP Epstein, SS (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, 134 Mugar Hall, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM s.epstein@neu.edu RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER63782, DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was funded by the Environmental Remediation Sciences Program (ERSP), Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER), U.S. Department of Energy, grants DE-FG02-04ER63782 to K. L. and DE-FG02-04ER63782 to S. S. E. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 76 IS 22 BP 7413 EP 7419 DI 10.1128/AEM.00376-10 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 675PX UT WOS:000283843900006 PM 20870785 ER PT J AU Lau, MJ Lau, MW Gunawan, C Dale, BE AF Lau, Ming J. Lau, Ming W. Gunawan, Christa Dale, Bruce E. TI Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Fermentation on Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Fiber (EPFBF) for Cellulosic Ethanol Production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cellulosic ethanol; Palm fiber; AFEX; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Biofuel; Pretreatment ID TREATED CORN STOVER; EXPLOSION AFEX; OPTIMIZATION AB Empty palm fruit bunch fiber (EPFBF), a readily available cellulosic biomass from palm processing facilities, is investigated as a potential carbohydrate source for cellulosic ethanol production. This feedstock was pretreated using ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and enzymatically hydrolyzed. The best tested AFEX conditions were at 135 A degrees C, 45 min retention time, water to dry biomass loading of 1:1 (weight ratio), and ammonia to dry biomass loading of 1:1 (weight ratio). The particle size of the pretreated biomass was reduced post-AFEX. The optimized enzyme formulation consists of Accellerase (84 mu L/g biomass), Multifect Xylanase (31 mu L/g biomass), and Multifect Pectinase (24 mu L/g biomass). This mixture achieved close to 90% of the total maximum yield within 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. Fermentation on the water extract of this biomass affirms that nutrients solely from the pretreated EPFBF can support yeast growth for complete glucose fermentation. These results suggest that AFEX-treated EPFBF can be used for cellulosic biofuels production because biomass recalcitrance has been overcome without reducing the fermentability of the pretreated materials. C1 [Lau, Ming W.; Gunawan, Christa; Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. RP Lau, MW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, 3900 Collins Rd, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. EM lauming@egr.msu.edu FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science) [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was partially funded by the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-FC02-07ER64494). We thank Genencor International and Novozymes North America for providing the enzyme complexes used in this work. The authors acknowledge Purdue University and Dr. Nancy Ho for granting access to strain 424A(LNH-ST). Thanks to Mr. Meng Seong Lai and Lenga Palm Oil Industries Sdn. Bhd. for coordinating and providing the palm fiber. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 20 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 162 IS 7 BP 1847 EP 1857 DI 10.1007/s12010-010-8962-8 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 656GD UT WOS:000282315100003 PM 20419480 ER PT J AU Tan, ZF Zhang, JL Wang, JH Xu, J AF Tan, Zhongfu Zhang, Jinliang Wang, Jianhui Xu, Jun TI Day-ahead electricity price forecasting using wavelet transform combined with ARIMA and GARCH models SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Price forecasting; Wavelet transform; ARIMA; GARCH ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; MARKETS AB This paper proposes a novel price forecasting method based on wavelet transform combined with ARIMA and GARCH models. By wavelet transform, the historical price series is decomposed and reconstructed into one approximation series and some detail series. Then each subseries can be separately predicted by a suitable time series model. The final forecast is obtained by composing the forecasted results of each subseries. This proposed method is examined on Spanish and PJM electricity markets and compared with some other forecasting methods. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tan, Zhongfu; Zhang, Jinliang; Xu, Jun] N China Elect Power Univ, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jianhui] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zhang, JL (reprint author), N China Elect Power Univ, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. EM zhangjinliang13@163.com FU China national science foundation [70971038] FX The authors want to thank China national science foundation for their financial support (No. 70971038). NR 23 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 87 IS 11 BP 3606 EP 3610 DI 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.05.012 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 638IH UT WOS:000280886600034 ER PT J AU Tumuluru, JS Sokhansanj, S Lim, CJ Bi, T Lau, A Melin, S Sowlati, T Oveisi, E AF Tumuluru, J. S. Sokhansanj, S. Lim, C. J. Bi, T. Lau, A. Melin, S. Sowlati, T. Oveisi, E. TI QUALITY OF WOOD PELLETS PRODUCED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA FOR EXPORT SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-and-Biological-Engineers CY JUN 21-24, 2009 CL Reno, NV SP Amer Soc Agr & Biol Engineers DE Wood pellets; Pellet properties; Solid fuel; Pellet standards; Pellet grades ID BIOMASS; ALFALFA; DENSIFICATION; FUELS AB Wood pellet production and its use for heat and power production are increasing worldwide. The quality of export pellets has to consistently meet certain specifications as stipulated by the larger buyers, such as power utilities or as specified by the standards used for the non-industrial bag market. No specific data is available regarding the quality of export pellets to Europe. To develop a set of baseline data, wood pellets were sampled at an export terminal in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The sampling period was 18 months in 2007-2008 when pellets were transferred from storage bins to the ocean vessels. The sampling frequency was once every 1.5 to 2 months for a total of 9 loading/shipping events. The physical properties of the wood pellets measured were moisture content in the range of 3.5% to 6.5%, bulk density from 728 to 808 kg/m(3), durability from 97% to 99%, fines content from 0.03% to 0.87%, calorific value as is from 17 to almost 18 MJ/kg, and ash content from 0.26% to 0.93%. The diameter and length were in the range of 6.4 to 6.5 mm and 14.0 to 19.0 mm, respectively. All of these values met the published non-industrial European grades (CEN) and the grades specified by the Pellet Fuel Institute for the United States for the bag market. The measured values for wood pellet properties were consistent except the ash content values decreased over the test period. C1 [Tumuluru, J. S.; Sokhansanj, S.; Lim, C. J.; Bi, T.; Lau, A.; Melin, S.; Oveisi, E.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Sokhansanj, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Melin, S.] Delta Res Corp, Delta, BC, Canada. [Sowlati, T.] Univ British Columbia, Fac Forestry, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. RP Tumuluru, JS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Biofuels & Renewable Energy Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM JayaShankar.Tumuluru@inl.gov RI Lau, Anthony/J-8519-2015 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1013 EP 1020 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 704EJ UT WOS:000286033600008 ER PT J AU Kjornrattanawanich, B Windt, DL Seely, JF AF Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan Windt, David L. Seely, John F. TI Optical constants determination of samarium, holmium, and erbium in the 1.5-850 eV spectral range using a transmittance method SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; LANTHANUM GROUP; ABSORPTION; PHOTOABSORPTION; COEFFICIENTS; SCATTERING; NEODYMIUM; SCANDIUM; REGION AB The optical constants beta and delta of the complex refractive index (n) over tilde = 1 - delta + i beta of Sm, Ho, and Er were obtained in the 1.5-850 eV energy range using a transmittance method. Thin films of Sm, Ho, and Er were deposited by magnetron sputtering, and transmittance was measured using synchrotron radiation under a high vacuum condition. All films were directly coated on Si photodiodes, which were used as coating substrates, as well as photon detectors. Si was used as capping layer while a thin W layer was used as barrier against interface diffusion between Si and the highly reactive rare earth elements. The constants beta were extracted from transmittance results, and the constants d were calculated based on measured beta values using the Kramers-Kronig formalism. Small deficiencies determined from the present data using the partial sum rules were partly attributed to the sputtered film densities that could be slightly lower than the bulk values. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kjornrattanawanich, Benjawan] Univ Space Res Assoc, NSLS Beamline X24C, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Windt, David L.] Reflect Xray Opt LLC, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Seely, John F.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Kjornrattanawanich, B (reprint author), Univ Space Res Assoc, NSLS Beamline X24C, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM benjawan@bnl.gov FU NASA [NNH07AF54I]; Office of Naval Research FX This work was supported by the NASA project NNH07AF54I titled "High-Reflectance Multilayer Coatings using Rare Earth Elements for Solar EUV Imaging Applications," and by the Office of Naval Research. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 31 BP 6006 EP 6013 DI 10.1364/AO.49.006006 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 673IN UT WOS:000283653000031 ER PT J AU Walker, BN Stolee, JA Pickel, DL Retterer, ST Vertes, A AF Walker, Bennett N. Stolee, Jessica A. Pickel, Deanna L. Retterer, Scott T. Vertes, Akos TI Assessment of laser-induced thermal load on silicon nanostructures based on ion desorption yields SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THIN-FILMS; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; CONDUCTIVITY; NANOWIRES; SURFACES; ARRAYS AB Experimental assessment of the thermal load induced by fast laser pulses on micro- and nanostructures through IR imaging is currently too slow and lacks the spatial resolution to be useful. In this paper, we introduce a method based on measuring the laser-induced yields of ions to compare the thermal loads on nanofabricated silicon structures, when exposed to nanosecond laser pulses. The laser fluences at which the ion yields of, for example, sodiated and potassiated peptides ions are equal for two different structures correspond to equivalent thermal loads. Using alkalinated peptides is a convenient choice because the corresponding ion intensities are easily measured up to the melting point of silicon. As an example, we compare the nanosecond laser heating of silicon nanopost arrays with diverse post diameters and periodicities. Assessment of the thermal load through ion yield measurements can also be used to verify model assumptions for heat transport regimes in nanostructures. C1 [Walker, Bennett N.; Stolee, Jessica A.; Vertes, Akos] George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Pickel, Deanna L.; Retterer, Scott T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vertes, A (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM vertes@gwu.edu RI Walker, Bennett/G-5001-2010; Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Vertes, Akos/B-7159-2008; Pickel, Deanna/E-4778-2010; OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Vertes, Akos/0000-0001-5186-5352; WALKER, BENNETT/0000-0003-0221-1904 FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division within the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER15129]; George Washington University (GWU); College Scientists Foundation, Inc. (ARCS); Protea Biosciences, Inc.; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [CNMS2008-249] FX This research was funded by The Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division within the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-01ER15129) and by the George Washington University Research Enhancement Fund (GWU-REF). Scholarship awards from the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation, Inc. (ARCS) to B.N.W. and J.A.S. and support from Protea Biosciences, Inc. to B.N.W. are greatly appreciated. NAPA structures were nanofabricated in the framework of a User Agreement (CNMS2008-249) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Instrument maintenance by T. Hawley of the George Washington University supported the mass spectrometry experiments. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 101 IS 3 SI SI BP 539 EP 544 DI 10.1007/s00339-010-5893-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 668UR UT WOS:000283297400014 ER PT J AU Alvarenga, J Jarosz, PR Schauerman, CM Moses, BT Landi, BJ Cress, CD Raffaelle, RP AF Alvarenga, Jack Jarosz, Paul R. Schauerman, Chris M. Moses, Brian T. Landi, Brian J. Cress, Cory D. Raffaelle, Ryne P. TI High conductivity carbon nanotube wires from radial densification and ionic doping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL TREATMENT; FIBERS; TRANSPORT; NETWORKS AB Application of drawing dies to radially densify sheets of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into bulk wires has shown the ability to control electrical conductivity and wire density. Simultaneous use of KAuBr(4) doping solution, during wire drawing, has led to an electrical conductivity in the CNT wire of 1.3 x10(6) S/m. Temperature-dependent electrical measurements show that conduction is dominated by fluctuation-assisted tunneling, and introduction of KAuBr(4) significantly reduces the tunneling barrier between individual nanotubes. Ultimately, the concomitant doping and densification process leads to closer packed CNTs and a reduced charge transfer barrier, resulting in enhanced bulk electrical conductivity. (c) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3506703] C1 [Alvarenga, Jack; Jarosz, Paul R.; Schauerman, Chris M.; Moses, Brian T.; Landi, Brian J.] Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Cress, Cory D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Raffaelle, Ryne P.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Alvarenga, J (reprint author), Rochester Inst Technol, NanoPower Res Labs, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. EM brian.landi@rit.edu RI Cress, Cory/A-8673-2009; OI Cress, Cory/0000-0001-7563-6693 FU U.S. Government; Tyco Electronics; Lockheed Martin; NRL FX The authors acknowledge material contributions from Nanocomp Technologies, Inc., as well as financial support by the U.S. Government, Tyco Electronics, and Lockheed Martin. C. D. Cress acknowledges financial support from the NRL Karles Distinguished Scholar Fellowship Program. NR 21 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 42 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 18 AR 182106 DI 10.1063/1.3506703 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676RK UT WOS:000283934100039 ER PT J AU Biedermann, GW Benito, FM Fortier, KM Stick, DL Loyd, TK Schwindt, PDD Nakakura, CY Jarecki, RL Blain, MG AF Biedermann, G. W. Benito, F. M. Fortier, K. M. Stick, D. L. Loyd, T. K. Schwindt, P. D. D. Nakakura, C. Y. Jarecki, R. L., Jr. Blain, M. G. TI Ultrasmooth microfabricated mirrors for quantum information SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE; CAVITY; ATOM; FABRICATION; OXIDATION; NITROGEN; CHIP AB In this paper, we realize a scalable micromirror suitable for atom chip based cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. A very low surface roughness of 2.2 angstrom rms on the silicon cavity mirrors is achieved using chemical dry etching along with plasma and oxidation smoothing. Our Fabry-Perot cavity comprised of these mirrors currently demonstrates the highest finesse, F=64 000, using microfabricated mirrors. We compute a single atom cooperativity for our cavities of more than 200, making them promising candidates for detecting individual atoms and for quantum information applications on a chip. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3511743] C1 [Biedermann, G. W.; Benito, F. M.; Fortier, K. M.; Stick, D. L.; Loyd, T. K.; Schwindt, P. D. D.; Nakakura, C. Y.; Jarecki, R. L., Jr.; Blain, M. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biedermann, GW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gbieder@sandia.gov FU National Institute for Nano Engineering; National Science Foundation; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge valuable discussions with M. Trupke and D. L. Moehring as well as the helpful efforts of R. Haltli, T. Hamilton, and Z. C. Leseman. This work was supported by the National Institute for Nano Engineering. T.L. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Co., for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 18 AR 181110 DI 10.1063/1.3511743 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676RK UT WOS:000283934100010 ER PT J AU Li, QM Wang, GT AF Li, Qiming Wang, George T. TI Strain influenced indium composition distribution in GaN/InGaN core-shell nanowires SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAN NANOWIRES; INGAN; THICKNESS; SAPPHIRE; GROWTH AB The optical properties, indium concentration and distribution, defect morphology, and strain distribution of GaN/InGaN coaxial nanowires grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition were investigated using spatially resolved cathodoluminescence, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and finite element analysis. The results indicate that InGaN layers with 40% or greater indium incorporation and low defect density can be achieved. The indium distribution in the InGaN shell layer was measured and qualitatively correlated with the calculated strain distribution. The three-dimensional compliance of the GaN nanowire leads to facile strain relaxation in the InGaN heteroepitaxial layer, enabling high indium incorporation and high crystalline quality. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3513345] C1 [Li, Qiming; Wang, George T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, GT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1806, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gtwang@sandia.gov RI Wang, George/C-9401-2009 OI Wang, George/0000-0001-9007-0173 FU U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We acknowledge support from Sandia's Solid State Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 18 AR 181107 DI 10.1063/1.3513345 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 676RK UT WOS:000283934100007 ER PT J AU Liu, R Taylor, DS Matthews, DL Chan, JW AF Liu, Rui Taylor, Douglas S. Matthews, Dennis L. Chan, James W. TI Parallel Analysis of Individual Biological Cells Using Multifocal Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; Optical tweezers; Multifocal ID MANIPULATION; DESIGN; TRAP AB We report on the development and characterization of a multifocal laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (M-LTRS) technique for parallel Raman spectral acquisition of individual biological cells. Using a 785-nm diode laser and a time-sharing laser trapping scheme, multiple laser foci are generated to optically trap single polystyrene beads and suspension cells in a linear pattern. Raman signals from the trapped objects are simultaneously projected through the slit of a spectrometer and spatially resolved on a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector with minimal signal crosstalk between neighboring cells. By improving the rate of single-cell analysis, M-LTRS is expected to be a valuable method for studying single-cell dynamics of cell populations and for the development of high-throughput Raman based cytometers. C1 [Liu, Rui; Taylor, Douglas S.; Matthews, Dennis L.; Chan, James W.] Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Liu, Rui] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Biomed Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Taylor, Douglas S.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Matthews, Dennis L.] Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Surg, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Matthews, Dennis L.; Chan, James W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chan, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM jwjchan@ucdavis.edu RI Liu, Rui/E-1078-2013; Chan, James/J-3829-2014 FU Keaton Raphael Memorial Foundation; Children's Miracle Network; National Science Foundation FX This work has been supported by funding from the Keaton Raphael Memorial Foundation, the Children's Miracle Network, and the National Science Foundation. The Center for Biophotonics, an NSF Science and Technology Center, is managed by the University of California, Davis, under Cooperative Agreement No. PHY 0120999. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1308 EP 1310 DI 10.1366/000370210793334972 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 681FO UT WOS:000284297000017 PM 21073802 ER PT J AU Zheng, Y Patel, A Narayanaswami, V Bielicki, JK AF Zheng, Ying Patel, Arti Narayanaswami, Vasanthy Bielicki, John K. TI The HDL Mimetic Peptide ATI-5261 Retains Exceptional alpha-Helical Characteristics upon Extensive Dilution and at Concentrations Maximal for Promoting Cellular Cholesterol Efflux SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Scientific Sessions on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology CY APR 08-10, 2010 CL San Francisco, CA C1 [Zheng, Ying; Bielicki, John K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Patel, Arti] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Narayanaswami, Vasanthy] Childrens Hosp Oakland, Rsch Inst, Oakland, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 11 BP E280 EP E280 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 667YS UT WOS:000283234800436 ER PT J AU Cooperman, A Dieckmann, J Brodrick, J AF Cooperman, Alissa Dieckmann, John Brodrick, James TI Building Energy Labels SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 [Cooperman, Alissa; Dieckmann, John] TIAX LLC, Mech Syst Grp, Cambridge, MA USA. [Brodrick, James] US DOE, Bldg Technol Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Cooperman, A (reprint author), TIAX LLC, Mech Syst Grp, Cambridge, MA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 11 BP 54 EP 56 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 685XK UT WOS:000284661200005 ER PT J AU Helton, LA Woodward, CE Walter, FM Vanlandingham, K Schwarz, GJ Evans, A Ness, JU Geballe, TR Gehrz, RD Greenhouse, M Krautter, J Liller, W Lynch, DK Rudy, RJ Shore, SN Starrfield, S Truran, J AF Helton, L. Andrew Woodward, Charles E. Walter, Frederick M. Vanlandingham, Karen Schwarz, Greg J. Evans, Aneurin Ness, Jan-Uwe Geballe, Thomas R. Gehrz, Robert D. Greenhouse, Matthew Krautter, Joachim Liller, William Lynch, David K. Rudy, Richard J. Shore, Steven N. Starrfield, Sumner Truran, Jim TI THE DUSTY NOVA V1065 CENTAURI (NOVA CEN 2007): A SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF ABUNDANCES AND DUST PROPERTIES SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; novae, cataclysmic variables; stars: individual (V1065 Cen, Nova Cen 2007) ID CLASSICAL NOVAE; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; WHITE-DWARFS; GAMMA-RATIO; V1974 CYGNI; EXTINCTION; EMISSION; LINES AB We examine the ejecta evolution of the classical nova V1065 Centauri, constructing a detailed picture of the system based on spectrophotometric observations obtained from 9 to approximately 900 days post-outburst with extensive coverage from optical to mid-infrared wavelengths. We estimate a reddening toward the system of E(B - V) = 0.5 +/- 0.1, based upon the B - V color and analysis of the Balmer decrement, and derive a distance estimate of 8.7(-2.1)(+2.8) - kpc. The optical spectral evolution is classified as P(fe)(o)N(ne)A(o) according to the CTIO Nova Classification system of Williams et al. Photoionization modeling yields absolute abundance values by number, relative to solar of He/H = 1.6 +/- 0.3, N/H = 144 +/- 34, O/H = 58 +/- 18, and Ne/H = 316 +/- 58 for the ejecta. We derive an ejected gas mass of M-g = (1.6 +/- 0.2) x 10(-4) M-circle dot. The infrared excess at late epochs in the evolution of the nova arises from dust condensed in the ejecta composed primarily of silicate grains. We estimate a total dust mass, M-d, of order (0.2-3.7) x 10 (7) M-circle dot, inferred from modeling the spectral energy distribution observed with the Spitzer IRS and Gemini-South GNIRS spectrometers. Based on the speed class, neon abundance, and the predominance of silicate dust, we classify V1065 Cen as an ONe-type classical nova. C1 [Helton, L. Andrew; Woodward, Charles E.; Gehrz, Robert D.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Walter, Frederick M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Vanlandingham, Karen] W Chester Univ, Dept Geol & Astron, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Schwarz, Greg J.] Amer Astron Soc, Washington, DC 20009 USA. [Evans, Aneurin] Keele Univ, Astrophys Grp, Keele ST5 5BG, Staffs, England. [Ness, Jan-Uwe] European Space Astron Ctr, XMM Newton Observ SOC, Madrid 28691, Spain. [Geballe, Thomas R.] Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Greenhouse, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krautter, Joachim] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte Zentrum Astron, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Liller, William] Inst Nova Studies, Vina Del Mar, Chile. [Lynch, David K.; Rudy, Richard J.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Shore, Steven N.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Shore, Steven N.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Milan, Italy. [Starrfield, Sumner] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Truran, Jim] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Truran, Jim] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Helton, LA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Dept Astron, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM ahelton@astro.umn.edu FU NASA/JPL Spitzer [1289430, 1314757, 1267992, 1256406, 1215746]; Independent Research and Development program of the Aerospace Corporation; NSF [PHY 02-16783]; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; UK STFC FX This work is based in part on observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under NASA contract 1407. This work is also based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministerio da Ciencia e Tecnologia (Brazil) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacieon Productiva (Argentina). Stony Brook University's initial participation in the SMARTS consortium was made possible by generous contributions from the Dean of Arts and Sciences, the Provost, and the Vice President for Research of Stony Brook University. L. A. Helton, C. E. Woodward, and R. D. Gehrz were supported in part by NASA/JPL Spitzer grants 1289430, 1314757, 1267992, 1256406, and 1215746 to the University of Minnesota as well as various National Science Foundation grants. D. K. Lynch and R. J. Rudy received partial support from the Independent Research and Development program of the Aerospace Corporation. S. Starrfield acknowledges partial support from NSF and NASA grants to ASU. J. Truran acknowledges support at the Argonne National Laboratory by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, and by the NSF under grant PHY 02-16783 for the Frontier Center "Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics." This work was also supported by the UK STFC, and various NASA Swift Grants to the investigators. We acknowledge with thanks the variable star observations from the AAVSO International Database contributed by observers worldwide and used in this research. NR 73 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1347 EP 1369 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1347 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665SI UT WOS:000283055400019 ER PT J AU Cushing, MC Saumon, D Marley, MS AF Cushing, Michael C. Saumon, D. Marley, Mark S. TI SDSS J141624.08+134826.7: BLUE L DWARFS AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; infrared: stars; stars: individual (SDSS J141624.08+134826.7); stars: low-mass; subdwarfs ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; INFRARED TELESCOPE FACILITY; SPECTRAL TYPE-L; T-DWARFS; BROWN DWARFS; DUST FORMATION; CHEMICAL-EQUILIBRIUM; ULTRACOOL DWARFS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; COOL NEIGHBORS AB We present an analysis of the recently discovered blue L dwarf SDSS J141624.08+134826.7. We extend the spectral coverage of its published spectrum to similar to 4 mu m by obtaining a low-resolution L-band spectrum with SpeX on the NASA IRTF. The spectrum exhibits a tentative weak CH(4) absorption feature at 3.3 mu m but is otherwise featureless. We derive the atmospheric parameters of SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 by comparing its 0.7-4.0 mu m spectrum to the atmospheric models of Marley and Saumon which include the effects of both condensate cloud formation and non-equilibrium chemistry due to vertical mixing and find the best-fitting model has T(eff) = 1700 K, log g = 5.5 (cm s(-2)), f(sed) = 4, and K(zz) = 10(4) cm(2) s(-1). The derived effective temperature is significantly cooler than previously estimated but we confirm the suggestion by Bowler et al. that the peculiar spectrum of SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 is primarily a result of thin condensate clouds. In addition, we find strong evidence of vertical mixing in the atmosphere of SDSS J141624.08+134826.7 based on the absence of the deep 3.3 mu m CH(4) absorption band predicted by models computed in chemical equilibrium. Finally, this result suggests that observations of blue L dwarfs are an appealing way to quantitatively estimate the vigor of mixing in the atmospheres of L dwarfs because of the dramatic impact such mixing has on the strength of the 3.3 mu m CH(4) band in the emergent spectra of L dwarfs with thin condensate clouds. C1 [Cushing, Michael C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Saumon, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Cushing, MC (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, MS 264-723,4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM michael.cushing@gmail.com; dsaumon@lanl.gov; Mark.S.Marley@NASA.gov OI Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation; Oak Ridge Associated Universities; NASA, Spitzer Science Center FX Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, and funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation, the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, NASA's Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services, the M, L, and T dwarf compendium housed at DwarfArchives.org and maintained by Chris Gelino, Davy Kirkpatrick, and Adam Burgasser, and the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive, which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This research was supported (in part) by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the JET Propulsion Laboratory, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Support for the modeling work of D. S. was provided by NASA through the Spitzer Science Center. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 140 IS 5 BP 1428 EP 1432 DI 10.1088/0004-6256/140/5/1428 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 665SI UT WOS:000283055400025 ER PT J AU Guennou, L Adami, C Ulmer, MP LeBrun, V Durret, F Johnston, D Ilbert, O Clowe, D Gavazzi, R Murphy, K Schrabback, T Allam, S Annis, J Basa, S Benoist, C Biviano, A Cappi, A Kubo, JM Marshall, P Mazure, A Rostagni, F Russeil, D Slezak, E AF Guennou, L. Adami, C. Ulmer, M. P. LeBrun, V. Durret, F. Johnston, D. Ilbert, O. Clowe, D. Gavazzi, R. Murphy, K. Schrabback, T. Allam, S. Annis, J. Basa, S. Benoist, C. Biviano, A. Cappi, A. Kubo, J. M. Marshall, P. Mazure, A. Rostagni, F. Russeil, D. Slezak, E. TI The DAFT/FADA survey I. Photometric redshifts along lines of sight to clusters in the z = [0.4,0.9] interval SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE surveys; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts; cosmological parameters; dark energy ID VLT DEEP SURVEY; VELOCITY DISPERSIONS; BARYON FRACTION; RICH CLUSTERS; SURVEY EDISCS; COMA CLUSTER; GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; SUBSTRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Context. As a contribution to the understanding of the dark energy concept, the Dark energy American French Team (DAFT, in French FADA) has started a large project to characterize statistically high redshift galaxy clusters, infer cosmological constraints from weak lensing tomography, and understand biases relevant for constraining dark energy and cluster physics in future cluster and cosmological experiments. Aims. The purpose of this paper is to establish the basis of reference for the photo-z determination used in all our subsequent papers, including weak lensing tomography studies. Methods. This project is based on a sample of 91 high redshift (z >= 0.4), massive (greater than or similar to 3 x 10(14) M-circle dot) clusters with existing HST imaging, for which we are presently performing complementary multi-wavelength imaging. This allows us in particular to estimate spectral types and determine accurate photometric redshifts for galaxies along the lines of sight to the first ten clusters for which all the required data are available down to a limit of I-AB = 24./24.5 with the LePhare software. The accuracy in redshift is of the order of 0.05 for the range 0.2 <= z <= 1.5. Results. We verified that the technique applied to obtain photometric redshifts works well by comparing our results to with previous works. In clusters, photo-z accuracy is degraded for bright absolute magnitudes and for the latest and earliest type galaxies. The photo-z accuracy also only slightly varies as a function of the spectral type for field galaxies. As a consequence, we find evidence for an environmental dependence of the photo-z accuracy, interpreted as the standard used spectral energy distributions being not very well suited to cluster galaxies. Finally, we modeled the LCDCS 0504 mass with the strong arcs detected along this line of sight. C1 [Guennou, L.; Adami, C.; Ulmer, M. P.; LeBrun, V.; Ilbert, O.; Basa, S.; Mazure, A.; Russeil, D.] OAMP, LAM, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Guennou, L.; Ulmer, M. P.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Durret, F.; Gavazzi, R.] Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Durret, F.; Gavazzi, R.] CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Clowe, D.; Murphy, K.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Lab 251B, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Johnston, D.; Allam, S.; Annis, J.; Kubo, J. M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Benoist, C.; Rostagni, F.; Slezak, E.] OCA, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Biviano, A.] Osserv Astron Trieste, INAF, I-34143 Trieste, Italy. [Cappi, A.] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Schrabback, T.] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands. [Marshall, P.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Marshall, P.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93601 USA. RP Guennou, L (reprint author), OAMP, LAM, Pole Etoile Site Chateau Gomber,38 Rue Frederic J, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. EM christophe.adami@oamp.fr RI Cappi, Alberto/O-9391-2015; OI Cappi, Alberto/0000-0002-9200-7167; Biviano, Andrea/0000-0002-0857-0732 FU NASA [NAS 5-26555]; National Science Foundation; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER41567]; French PNCG; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Institute and the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility. STScI is operated by the association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Also based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at Paranal and La Silla Observatories under programme ESO LP 166.A-0162. Also based on visiting astronomer observations, at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under contract with the National Science Foundation.; The authors thank the referee for useful and detailed comments. This work was supported in part by Department of Energy grant number DE-FG02-08ER41567 and in part by the French PNCG. We thank R. Pello for providing us with the EDisCS photometric redshifts. We also thank O. LeFevre and the VVDS team for giving us their redshift distribution prior to publication. D. C. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Last but not least, we are very grateful to E. Bertin for his help in helping us to use his softwares. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 523 AR A21 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201015174 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695BW UT WOS:000285346600025 ER PT J AU Guy, J Sullivan, M Conley, A Regnault, N Astier, P Balland, C Basa, S Carlberg, RG Fouchez, D Hardin, D Hook, IM Howell, DA Pain, R Palanque-Delabrouille, N Perrett, KM Pritchet, CJ Rich, J Ruhlmann-Kleider, V Balam, D Baumont, S Ellis, RS Fabbro, S Fakhouri, HK Fourmanoit, N Gonzalez-Gaitan, S Graham, ML Hsiao, E Kronborg, T Lidman, C Mourao, AM Perlmutter, S Ripoche, P Suzuki, N Walker, ES AF Guy, J. Sullivan, M. Conley, A. Regnault, N. Astier, P. Balland, C. Basa, S. Carlberg, R. G. Fouchez, D. Hardin, D. Hook, I. M. Howell, D. A. Pain, R. Palanque-Delabrouille, N. Perrett, K. M. Pritchet, C. J. Rich, J. Ruhlmann-Kleider, V. Balam, D. Baumont, S. Ellis, R. S. Fabbro, S. Fakhouri, H. K. Fourmanoit, N. Gonzalez-Gaitan, S. Graham, M. L. Hsiao, E. Kronborg, T. Lidman, C. Mourao, A. M. Perlmutter, S. Ripoche, P. Suzuki, N. Walker, E. S. TI The Supernova Legacy Survey 3-year sample: Type Ia supernovae photometric distances and cosmological constraints SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; cosmology: observations ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; STELLAR ATMOSPHERE PROGRAM; HIGH-REDSHIFT SUPERNOVAE; FRANCE-HAWAII-TELESCOPE; BVRI LIGHT CURVES; INFRARED PHOTOMETRY; DARK ENERGY; PARALLEL IMPLEMENTATION; OPTICAL PHOTOMETRY AB Aims. We present photometric properties and distance measurements of 252 high redshift Type Ia supernovae (0.15 < z < 1.1) discovered during the first three years of the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS). These events were detected and their multi-colour light curves measured using the MegaPrime/MegaCam instrument at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), by repeatedly imaging four one-square degree fields in four bands. Follow-up spectroscopy was performed at the VLT, Gemini and Keck telescopes to confirm the nature of the supernovae and to measure their redshifts. Methods. Systematic uncertainties arising from light curve modeling are studied, making use of two techniques to derive the peak magnitude, shape and colour of the supernovae, and taking advantage of a precise calibration of the SNLS fields. Results. A flat Lambda CDM cosmological fit to 231 SNLS high redshift type Ia supernovae alone gives Omega(M) = 0.211 +/- 0.034(stat) +/- 0.069(sys). The dominant systematic uncertainty comes from uncertainties in the photometric calibration. Systematic uncertainties from light curve fitters come next with a total contribution of +/-0.026 on Omega(M). No clear evidence is found for a possible evolution of the slope (beta) of the colour-luminosity relation with redshift. C1 [Guy, J.; Regnault, N.; Astier, P.; Balland, C.; Hardin, D.; Pain, R.; Fourmanoit, N.; Kronborg, T.; Ripoche, P.] Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Sullivan, M.; Hook, I. M.; Ellis, R. S.; Walker, E. S.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys Astrophys, DWB, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Conley, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Conley, A.; Carlberg, R. G.; Perrett, K. M.; Gonzalez-Gaitan, S.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Balland, C.] Univ Paris 11, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Basa, S.] CNRS, LAM, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. [Fouchez, D.] CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Fouchez, D.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, F-13288 Marseille 9, France. [Hook, I. M.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, RM, Italy. [Howell, D. A.] Las Cumbres Observ Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Howell, D. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Palanque-Delabrouille, N.; Rich, J.; Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.] CEA, Ctr Saclay, Irfu SPP, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Perrett, K. M.] DRDC Ottawa, Network Informat Operat, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Z4, Canada. [Pritchet, C. J.; Balam, D.; Fabbro, S.; Graham, M. L.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8T 1M8, Canada. [Baumont, S.] CNRS, IN2P3, LPSC, F-38026 Grenoble, France. [Ellis, R. S.] CALTECH, Dept Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Fabbro, S.; Mourao, A. M.] CENTRA Ctr M Astrofis, Lisbon, Portugal. [Fabbro, S.; Mourao, A. M.] IST, Dept Phys, Lisbon, Portugal. [Fakhouri, H. K.; Hsiao, E.; Perlmutter, S.; Ripoche, P.; Suzuki, N.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lidman, C.] Anglo Australian Observ, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia. [Walker, E. S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. RP Guy, J (reprint author), Univ Paris 07, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IN2P3,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM guy@in2p3.fr RI Carlberg, Raymond/I-6947-2012; Perlmutter, Saul/I-3505-2015; Mourao, Ana/K-9133-2015; OI Carlberg, Raymond/0000-0002-7667-0081; Perlmutter, Saul/0000-0002-4436-4661; Mourao, Ana/0000-0002-0855-1849; Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820 FU W.M. Keck Foundation; Royal Society; NSERC; CIAR; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal [POCTI/FNU/43423]; FCT [SFRH/BPD/14682/2003, SFRH/BPD/11641/2002]; France-Berkeley Fund FX Based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT) which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. This work is based in part on data products produced at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre as part of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey, a collaborative project of NRC and CNRS. Based on observations obtained at the European Southern Observatory using the Very Large Telescope on the Cerro Paranal (ESO Large Programme 171.A-0486 & 176.A-0589). Based on observations (programs GS-2003B-Q-8, GN-2003B-Q-9, GS-2004A-Q-11, GN-2004A-Q-19, GS-2004B-Q-31, GN-2004B-Q-16, GS-2005A-Q-11, GN-2005A-Q-11, GS-2005B-Q-6, GN-2005B-Q-7, GN-2006A-Q-7, GN-2006B-Q-10) obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), CNPq (Brazil) and CONICET (Argentina). Based on observations obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. Mark Sullivan acknowledges support from the Royal Society.; We thank the anonymous referee for helping clarify and improve some sections this paper. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the CFHT Queued Service Observing Team. We heavily relied on the dedication of the CFHT staff and particularly J.-C. Cuillandre for continuous improvement of the instrument performance. The real-time pipelines for supernovae detection ran on computers integrated in the CFHT computing system, and were very efficiently installed, maintained and monitored by K. Withington (CFHT). We also heavily relied on the real-time Elixir pipeline which is operated and monitored by J.-C. Cuillandre, E. Magnier and K. Withington. The French collaboration members carry out the data reductions using the CCIN2P3. Canadian collaboration members acknowledge support from NSERC and CIAR; French collaboration members from CNRS/IN2P3, CNRS/INSU, PNC and CEA. This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy. The France-Berkeley Fund provided additional collaboration support. CENTRA members were supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal under POCTI/FNU/43423. S. Fabbro and C. Goncalves acknowledge support from FCT under grants No. SFRH/BPD/14682/2003 and SFRH/BPD/11641/2002 respectively. NR 94 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 523 AR A7 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014468 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 695BW UT WOS:000285346600011 ER PT J AU Keskitalo, R Ashdown, MAJ Cabella, P Kisner, T Poutanen, T Stompor, R Bartlett, JG Borrill, J Cantalupo, C de Gasperis, G de Rosa, A de Troia, G Eriksen, HK Finelli, F Gorski, KM Gruppuso, A Hivon, E Jaffe, A Keihanen, E Kurki-Suonio, H Lawrence, CR Natoli, P Paci, F Polenta, G Rocha, G AF Keskitalo, R. Ashdown, M. A. J. Cabella, P. Kisner, T. Poutanen, T. Stompor, R. Bartlett, J. G. Borrill, J. Cantalupo, C. de Gasperis, G. de Rosa, A. de Troia, G. Eriksen, H. K. Finelli, F. Gorski, K. M. Gruppuso, A. Hivon, E. Jaffe, A. Keihanen, E. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lawrence, C. R. Natoli, P. Paci, F. Polenta, G. Rocha, G. TI Residual noise covariance for Planck low-resolution data analysis SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; cosmology: observations; methods: data analysis; methods: numerical ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; MAP-MAKING ALGORITHM; 30 GHZ DATA; POWER SPECTRUM; RADIOMETER CHARACTERIZATION; POLARIZATION MAPS; DESTRIPING ERRORS; CMB EXPERIMENTS; SKY MAPS AB Aims. We develop and validate tools for estimating residual noise covariance in Planck frequency maps, we also quantify signal error effects and compare different techniques to produce low-resolution maps. Methods. We derived analytical estimates of covariance of the residual noise contained in low-resolution maps produced using a number of mapmaking approaches. We tested these analytical predictions using both Monte Carlo simulations and by applying them to angular power spectrum estimation. We used simulations to quantify the level of signal errors incurred in the different resolution downgrading schemes considered in this work. Results. We find excellent agreement between the optimal residual noise covariance matrices and Monte Carlo noise maps. For destriping mapmakers, the extent of agreement is dictated by the knee frequency of the correlated noise component and the chosen baseline offset length. Signal striping is shown to be insignificant when properly dealt with. In map resolution downgrading, we find that a carefully selected window function is required to reduce aliasing to the subpercent level at multipoles, l > 2N(side), where N(side) is the HEALPix resolution parameter. We show that, for a polarization measurement, reliable characterization of the residual noise is required to draw reliable constraints on large-scale anisotropy. Conclusions. Methods presented and tested in this paper allow for production of low-resolution maps with both controlled sky signal error level and a reliable estimate of covariance of the residual noise. We have also presented a method for smoothing the residual noise covariance matrices to describe the noise correlations in smoothed, bandwidth-limited maps. C1 [Keskitalo, R.; Poutanen, T.; Keihanen, E.; Kurki-Suonio, H.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Keskitalo, R.; Poutanen, T.; Kurki-Suonio, H.] Helsinki Inst Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Keskitalo, R.; Gorski, K. M.; Lawrence, C. R.; Rocha, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ashdown, M. A. J.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Astrophys Grp, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Ashdown, M. A. J.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Cabella, P.; Polenta, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Cabella, P.; de Gasperis, G.; de Troia, G.; Natoli, P.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Kisner, T.; Borrill, J.; Cantalupo, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Poutanen, T.] Helsinki Univ Technol, Metsahovi Radio Observ, Kylmala 02540, Finland. [Stompor, R.; Bartlett, J. G.] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, UMR 7164, Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol APC, F-75205 Paris 13, France. [Borrill, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [de Rosa, A.; Finelli, F.; Gruppuso, A.] Bologna Ist Nazl Astrofis, Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF IASF Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Eriksen, H. K.] Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. [Eriksen, H. K.] Univ Oslo, Ctr Math Applicat, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Finelli, F.; Gruppuso, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Finelli, F.] Ist Nazl Astrofis, Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF OAB, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. [Gorski, K. M.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Hivon, E.] Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Jaffe, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Natoli, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Paci, F.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Polenta, G.] ESRIN, ASI Sci Data Ctr, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Rocha, G.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Keskitalo, R (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, Helsinki 00014, Finland. EM reijo.t.keskitalo@jpl.nasa.gov RI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Gruppuso, Alessandro/N-5592-2015; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/B-8502-2016; OI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Gruppuso, Alessandro/0000-0001-9272-5292; Kurki-Suonio, Hannu/0000-0002-4618-3063; Finelli, Fabio/0000-0002-6694-3269; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733 NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A94 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/200912606 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100100 ER PT J AU Seelmann, AM Hauschildt, PH Baron, E AF Seelmann, A. M. Hauschildt, P. H. Baron, E. TI A 3D radiative transfer framework VII. Arbitrary velocity fields in the Eulerian frame SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiative transfer AB Aims. A solution of the radiative-transfer problem in 3D with arbitrary velocity fields in the Eulerian frame is presented. The method is implemented in our 3D radiative transfer framework and used in the PHOENIX/3D code. It is tested by comparison to our well-tested 1D co-moving frame radiative transfer code, where the treatment of a monotonic velocity field is implemented in the Lagrangian frame. The Eulerian formulation does not need much additional memory and is useable on state-of-the-art computers, even large-scale applications with 1000's of wavelength points are feasible. Methods. In the Eulerian formulation of the problem, the photon is seen by the atom at a Doppler-shifted wavelength depending on its propagation direction, which leads to a Doppler-shifted absorption and emission. This leads to a different source function and a different Lambda* operator in the radiative transfer equations compared to the static case. Results. The results of the Eulerian 3D spherical calculations are compared to our well-tested 1D Lagrangian spherical calculations, the agreement is, up to v(max) = 1 x 10(3) km s(-1) very good. Test calculation in other geometries are also shown. C1 [Seelmann, A. M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Baron, E.] Hamburger Sternwarte, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. [Baron, E.] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Baron, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seelmann, AM (reprint author), Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany. EM aseelmann@hs.uni-hamburg.de; yeti@hs.uni-hamburg.de; baron@ou.edu RI Baron, Edward/A-9041-2009 OI Baron, Edward/0000-0001-5393-1608 FU DFG; State of Hamburg; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; German Research Foundation [GrK 1351]; NSF [AST-0707704]; US DOE [DE-FG02-07ER41517] FX Some of the calculations presented here were performed at the Hochstleistungs Rechenzentrum Nord (HLRN); at the Hamburger Sternwarte Apple G5 and Delta Opteron clusters financially supported by the DFG and the State of Hamburg; and at the National Energy Research Supercomputer Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. We thank all these institutions for a generous allocation of computer time. AS thanks the Research Training Group GrK 1351 of the German Research Foundation for funding. This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0707704 and by US DOE Award Number DE-FG02-07ER41517. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 522 AR A102 DI 10.1051/0004-6361/201014278 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 679HS UT WOS:000284153100108 ER PT J AU Joggerst, CC Almgren, A Woosley, SE AF Joggerst, C. C. Almgren, A. Woosley, S. E. TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS OF RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR MIXING IN CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; instabilities; supernovae: general ID ACCRETION-SHOCK INSTABILITY; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN EXPLOSIONS; MASSIVE STARS; POSTEXPLOSION HYDRODYNAMICS; SOLAR-METALLICITY; NI-56 EJECTA; SN-1987A; EVOLUTION; DIMENSIONS; ASYMMETRY AB We present multidimensional simulations of the post-explosion hydrodynamics in three different 15M(circle dot) supernova models with zero, 10(-4) Z(circle dot), and Z(circle dot) metallicities. We follow the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability that mixes together the stellar layers in the wake of the explosion. Models are initialized with spherically symmetric explosions and perturbations are seeded by the grid. Calculations are performed in two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric and three-dimensional (3D) Cartesian coordinates using the new Eulerian hydrodynamics code, CASTRO. We find as in previous work that RT perturbations initially grow faster in 3D than in 2D. As the RT fingers interact with one another, mixing proceeds to a greater degree in 3D than in 2D, reducing the local Atwood number and slowing the growth rate of the instability in 3D relative to 2D. By the time mixing has stopped, the width of the mixed region is similar in the 2D and 3D simulations provided the RT fingers show significant interaction. Our results imply that 2D simulations of light curves and nucleosynthesis in supernovae that die as red giants may capture the features of an initially spherically symmetric explosion in far less computational time than required by a full 3D simulation. However, capturing large departures from spherical symmetry requires a significantly perturbed explosion. Large-scale asymmetries cannot develop through an inverse cascade of merging RT structures; they must arise from asymmetries in the initial explosion. C1 [Joggerst, C. C.; Woosley, S. E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Joggerst, C. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Almgren, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Joggerst, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM cchurch@ucolick.org FU SciDAC [DE-FC02-06ER41438]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NSF; NASA [NNX09AK36G]; SciDAC National Science Foundation [AST 0909129]; UCSC under NSF [AST-0521566] FX Work at UCSC and LBL was supported in part by the SciDAC Program under contract DE-FC02-06ER41438. Work at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. S.E.W. was supported by the NSF and NASA as well as SciDAC National Science Foundation (AST 0909129) and the NASA Theory Program (NNX09AK36G). The simulations were performed on the open cluster Coyote at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Additional computing resources were provided on the Pleiades computer at UCSC under NSF Major Research Instrumentation award number AST-0521566. C.C.J. thanks Andrew Aspden for assistance with parallelizing a data reduction routine. Figure 5 was created using VisIt. NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 353 EP 363 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/353 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100029 ER PT J AU Hwang, KH Udalski, A Han, C Ryu, YH Bond, IA Beaulieu, JP Dominik, M Horne, K Gould, A Gaudi, BS Kubiak, M Szymanski, MK Pietrzynski, G Soszynski, I Szewczyk, O Ulaczyk, K Wyrzykowski, L Abe, F Botzler, CS Hearnshaw, JB Itow, Y Kamiya, K Kilmartin, PM Masuda, K Matsubara, Y Motomura, M Muraki, Y Nakamura, S Ohnishi, K Okada, C Rattenbury, N Saito, T Sako, T Sasaki, M Sullivan, DJ Sumi, T Tristram, PJ Wood, JN Yock, PCM Yoshioka, T Albrow, M Bennett, DP Bramich, DM Brillant, S Caldwell, JAR Calitz, JJ Cassan, A Cook, KH Corrales, E Coutures, C Desort, M Dieters, S Dominis, D Donatowicz, J Fouque, P Greenhill, J Harpsoe, K Hill, K Hoffman, M Jorgensen, UG Kane, S Kubas, D Martin, R Marquette, JB Meintjes, P Menzies, J Pollard, K Sahu, K Steele, I Vinter, C Wambsganss, J Williams, A Woller, K Burgdorf, M Snodgrass, C Bode, M Depoy, DL Lee, CU Park, BG Pogge, RW AF Hwang, K. -H. Udalski, A. Han, C. Ryu, Y. -H. Bond, I. A. Beaulieu, J. -P. Dominik, M. Horne, K. Gould, A. Gaudi, B. S. Kubiak, M. Szymanski, M. K. Pietrzynski, G. Soszynski, I. Szewczyk, O. Ulaczyk, K. Wyrzykowski, L. Abe, F. Botzler, C. S. Hearnshaw, J. B. Itow, Y. Kamiya, K. Kilmartin, P. M. Masuda, K. Matsubara, Y. Motomura, M. Muraki, Y. Nakamura, S. Ohnishi, K. Okada, C. Rattenbury, N. Saito, To Sako, T. Sasaki, M. Sullivan, D. J. Sumi, T. Tristram, P. J. Wood, J. N. Yock, P. C. M. Yoshioka, T. Albrow, M. Bennett, D. P. Bramich, D. M. Brillant, S. Caldwell, J. A. R. Calitz, J. J. Cassan, A. Cook, K. H. Corrales, E. Coutures, C. Desort, M. Dieters, S. Dominis, D. Donatowicz, J. Fouque, P. Greenhill, J. Harpsoe, K. Hill, K. Hoffman, M. Jorgensen, U. G. Kane, S. Kubas, D. Martin, R. Marquette, J. -B. Meintjes, P. Menzies, J. Pollard, K. Sahu, K. Steele, I. Vinter, C. Wambsganss, J. Williams, A. Woller, K. Burgdorf, M. Snodgrass, C. Bode, M. Depoy, D. L. Lee, C. -U. Park, B. -G. Pogge, R. W. CA OGLE Collaboration MOA Collaboration Planet RoboNet Collaboration FUN Collaboration TI OGLE-2005-BLG-153: MICROLENSING DISCOVERY AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A VERY LOW MASS BINARY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries: general; gravitational lensing: micro ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; GALACTIC BULGE; EVENTS; SEARCH; STARS; DWARF AB The mass function and statistics of binaries provide important diagnostics of the star formation process. Despite this importance, the mass function at low masses remains poorly known due to observational difficulties caused by the faintness of the objects. Here we report the microlensing discovery and characterization of a binary lens composed of very low mass stars just above the hydrogen-burning limit. From the combined measurements of the Einstein radius and microlens parallax, we measure the masses of the binary components of 0.10 +/- 0.01 M(circle dot) and 0.09 +/- 0.01 M(circle dot). This discovery demonstrates that microlensing will provide a method to measure the mass function of all Galactic populations of very low mass binaries that is independent of the biases caused by the luminosity of the population. C1 [Hwang, K. -H.; Han, C.; Ryu, Y. -H.] Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. [Udalski, A.; Dominik, M.; Kubiak, M.; Szymanski, M. K.; Pietrzynski, G.; Soszynski, I.; Szewczyk, O.; Ulaczyk, K.; Wyrzykowski, L.] Univ Warsaw Observ, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland. [Bond, I. A.] Massey Univ, Inst Informat & Math Sci, N Shore Mail Ctr, Auckland, New Zealand. [Beaulieu, J. -P.; Cassan, A.; Corrales, E.; Desort, M.; Kubas, D.; Marquette, J. -B.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, F-75014 Paris, France. [Horne, K.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Phys & Astron, Scottish Univ Phys Alliance, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Gould, A.; Gaudi, B. S.; Pogge, R. W.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Pietrzynski, G.; Szewczyk, O.] Univ Concepcion, Dept Fis, Concepcion, Chile. [Wyrzykowski, L.] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. [Abe, F.; Itow, Y.; Kamiya, K.; Masuda, K.; Matsubara, Y.; Motomura, M.; Nakamura, S.; Okada, C.; Sako, T.; Sasaki, M.; Sumi, T.; Yoshioka, T.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Botzler, C. S.; Rattenbury, N.; Wood, J. N.; Yock, P. C. M.] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Auckland, New Zealand. [Hearnshaw, J. B.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. [Kilmartin, P. M.] Mt John Observ, Lake Tekapo 8770, New Zealand. [Muraki, Y.] Konan Univ, Dept Phys, Kobe, Hyogo 658, Japan. [Ohnishi, K.] Nagano Natl Coll Technol, Nagano 3818550, Japan. [Saito, To] Tokyo Metropolitan Coll Ind Technol, Tokyo 1168523, Japan. [Sullivan, D. J.; Tristram, P. J.] Victoria Univ, Sch Chem & Phys Sci, Wellington, New Zealand. [Albrow, M.; Pollard, K.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. [Bennett, D. P.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bramich, D. M.; Donatowicz, J.] European So Observ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Brillant, S.] European So Observ, Santiago 19, Chile. [Caldwell, J. A. R.] McDonald Observ, Ft Davis, TX 79734 USA. [Calitz, J. J.; Meintjes, P.] Univ Free State, Boyden Observ, Dept Phys, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa. [Cook, K. H.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Coutures, C.] CEA DAPNIA SPP Saclay, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dieters, S.; Greenhill, J.; Hill, K.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Math & Phys, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Dominis, D.; Hoffman, M.] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany. [Dominis, D.; Hoffman, M.] Astrophys Inst Potsdam, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany. [Fouque, P.] Univ Toulouse 3, UMR 5572, Astrophys Lab, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Harpsoe, K.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Vinter, C.; Woller, K.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Harpsoe, K.; Jorgensen, U. G.] Geol Museum, Ctr Star & Planet Format, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kane, S.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Bryant Space Sci Ctr 211, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Martin, R.; Williams, A.] Perth Observ, Perth, WA 6076, Australia. [Menzies, J.] S African Astron Observ, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa. [Sahu, K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Steele, I.; Burgdorf, M.; Bode, M.] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Birkenhead CH41 1LD, Merseyside, England. [Wambsganss, J.] Univ Heidelberg, Zentrum Astron, ARI, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Snodgrass, C.] Max Planck Inst Solar Syst Res, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. [Depoy, D. L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lee, C. -U.; Park, B. -G.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. RP Han, C (reprint author), Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. RI Gaudi, Bernard/I-7732-2012; Kane, Stephen/B-4798-2013; Greenhill, John/C-8367-2013; Williams, Andrew/K-2931-2013; OI Williams, Andrew/0000-0001-9080-0105; Dominik, Martin/0000-0002-3202-0343; Snodgrass, Colin/0000-0001-9328-2905 FU National Research Foundation of Korea [2009-0081561]; European Research Council under the European Community [FP7/2007-2013, 246678]; NSF [AST-0757888, AST-0708890]; NASA [NNG04GL51G, NNX07AL71G]; Marsden Fund of NZ; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; Dill Faulkes Educational Trust; Danish Natural Science Research Council; [ANR-06-BLAN-0416]; [MEXT19015005]; [JSPS18749004]; [MEXT14002006]; [JSPS17340074]; [JSPS19340058]; [HST-GO-11311] FX We acknowledge the following support: National Research Foundation of Korea 2009-0081561 (C. H.); the OGLE project has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement number 246678 to AU. ANR-06-BLAN-0416 (PLANET); MEXT19015005, JSPS18749004, MEXT14002006, JSPS17340074 (T.S.); Grants MEXT14002006, JSPS17340074, and JSPS19340058 (M.O.A.); NSF AST-0757888 (A.G. and S.D.); NASA NNG04GL51G (D.D., A.G., and R.P.); HST-GO-11311 (K.S.); NSF AST-0708890, NASA NNX07AL71G (D.P.B.); Marsden Fund of NZ (I.A.B., J.B.H., D.J.S., S.L.S., and P.C.M.Y.); Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (B.-G.P., C.-U.L.); Dill Faulkes Educational Trust (Faulkes Telescope North); the operation of Mt. Canopus Observatory is supported in part by the financial contribution from David Warren. Operation of the Danish 1.54 m telescope at ESO La Silla observatory is supported by the Danish Natural Science Research Council (F.N.U.) NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/723/1/797 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678OX UT WOS:000284090100069 ER PT J AU Kasliwal, MM Kulkarni, SR Gal-Yam, A Yaron, O Quimby, RM Ofek, EO Nugent, P Poznanski, D Jacobsen, J Sternberg, A Arcavi, I Howell, DA Sullivan, M Rich, DJ Burke, PF Brimacombe, J Milisavljevic, D Fesen, R Bildsten, L Shen, K Cenko, SB Bloom, JS Hsiao, E Law, NM Gehrels, N Immler, S Dekany, R Rahmer, G Hale, D Smith, R Zolkower, J Velur, V Walters, R Henning, J Bui, K McKenna, D AF Kasliwal, Mansi M. Kulkarni, S. R. Gal-Yam, Avishay Yaron, Ofer Quimby, Robert M. Ofek, Eran O. Nugent, Peter Poznanski, Dovi Jacobsen, Janet Sternberg, Assaf Arcavi, Iair Howell, D. Andrew Sullivan, Mark Rich, Douglas J. Burke, Paul F. Brimacombe, Joseph Milisavljevic, Dan Fesen, Robert Bildsten, Lars Shen, Ken Cenko, S. Bradley Bloom, Joshua S. Hsiao, Eric Law, Nicholas M. Gehrels, Neil Immler, Stefan Dekany, Richard Rahmer, Gustavo Hale, David Smith, Roger Zolkower, Jeff Velur, Viswa Walters, Richard Henning, John Bui, Kahnh McKenna, Dan TI RAPIDLY DECAYING SUPERNOVA 2010X: A CANDIDATE ".Ia" EXPLOSION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE supernovae: general; supernovae: individual (SN2010X, SN2002bj); surveys; white dwarfs ID LIGHT CURVES; FAINT TYPE; SN 2008HA; PHOTOMETRY; ORIGIN AB We present the discovery, photometric, and spectroscopic follow-up observations of SN 2010X ( PTF 10bhp). This supernova decays exponentially with tau(d) = 5 days and rivals the current recordholder in speed, SN 2002bj. SN 2010X peaks at M(r) = -17 mag and has mean velocities of 10,000 km s(-1). Our light curve modeling suggests a radioactivity-powered event and an ejecta mass of 0.16 M(circle dot). If powered by Nickel, we show that the Nickel mass must be very small (approximate to 0.02 M(circle dot)) and that the supernova quickly becomes optically thin to gamma-rays. Our spectral modeling suggests that SN 2010X and SN 2002bj have similar chemical compositions and that one of aluminum or helium is present. If aluminum is present, we speculate that this may be an accretion-induced collapse of an O-Ne-Mg white dwarf. If helium is present, all observables of SN 2010X are consistent with being a thermonuclear helium shell detonation on a white dwarf, a ".Ia" explosion. With the 1 day dynamic-cadence experiment on the Palomar Transient Factory, we expect to annually discover a few such events. C1 [Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Quimby, Robert M.; Ofek, Eran O.] CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gal-Yam, Avishay; Yaron, Ofer; Sternberg, Assaf; Arcavi, Iair] Weizmann Inst Sci, Fac Phys, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Nugent, Peter; Poznanski, Dovi; Jacobsen, Janet] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Poznanski, Dovi; Shen, Ken; Cenko, S. Bradley; Bloom, Joshua S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Howell, D. Andrew] Global Telescope Network Inc, Las Cumbres Observ, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. [Howell, D. Andrew; Bildsten, Lars] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Sullivan, Mark] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Rich, Douglas J.] Rich Observ, Hampden, ME USA. [Burke, Paul F.] Burke Observ, Pittsfield, ME USA. [Brimacombe, Joseph] New Mexico Skies Observ, Mayhill, NM USA. [Brimacombe, Joseph] James Cook Univ, Cairns, Australia. [Milisavljevic, Dan; Fesen, Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Bildsten, Lars] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Law, Nicholas M.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Gehrels, Neil; Immler, Stefan] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dekany, Richard; Rahmer, Gustavo; Hale, David; Smith, Roger; Zolkower, Jeff; Velur, Viswa; Walters, Richard; Henning, John; Bui, Kahnh; McKenna, Dan] CALTECH, Caltech Opt Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kasliwal, MM (reprint author), CALTECH, Cahill Ctr Astrophys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; OI Sullivan, Mark/0000-0001-9053-4820 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Israel Science Foundation; US-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Einstein Fellowship; Gary and Cynthia Bengier Fund; Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund; US DoE [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-06ER06-04] FX M.M.K. thanks the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation for a Hale Fellowship in support of graduate study. M.M.K. thanks the Pumarth Headquarters in Indore, India for their warm hospitality while writing this manuscript.; The Weizmann Institute PTF participation is supported by grants to A.G.Y. from the Israel Science Foundation and the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation. E.O.O. and D.P. are supported by an Einstein Fellowship. S.B.C. is grateful for support from Gary and Cynthia Bengier and the Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fund. Computational resources and data storage were contributed by NERSC, supported by US DoE contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. P.E.N. acknowledges support from the US DoE contract DE-FG02-06ER06-04. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP L98 EP L102 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L98 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LJ UT WOS:000284075200020 ER PT J AU Marley, MS Saumon, D Goldblatt, C AF Marley, Mark S. Saumon, Didier Goldblatt, Colin TI A PATCHY CLOUD MODEL FOR THE L TO T DWARF TRANSITION SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE brown dwarfs; stars: atmospheres ID ULTRACOOL DWARFS; THERMAL STRUCTURE; SURFACE GRAVITY; VARIABILITY; POLARIZATION; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERES; PARALLAXES; PHOTOMETRY; DISCOVERY AB One mechanism suggested for the L to T dwarf spectral type transition is the appearance of relatively cloud-free regions across the disk of brown dwarfs as they cool. The existence of partly cloudy regions has been supported by evidence for variability in dwarfs in the late L to early T spectral range, but no self-consistent atmosphere models of such partly cloudy objects have yet been constructed. Here, we present a new approach for consistently modeling partly cloudy brown dwarfs and giant planets. We find that even a small fraction of cloud holes dramatically alter the atmospheric thermal profile, spectra, and photometric colors of a given object. With decreasing cloudiness objects briskly become bluer in J - K and brighten in J band, as is observed at the L/T transition. Model spectra of partly cloudy objects are similar to our models with globally homogenous, but thinner, clouds. Hence, spectra alone may not be sufficient to distinguish partial cloudiness although variability and polarization measurements are potential observational signatures. Finally, we note that partial cloud cover may be an alternative explanation for the blue L dwarfs. C1 [Marley, Mark S.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Saumon, Didier] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Goldblatt, Colin] Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Goldblatt, Colin] Univ Washington, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, Virtual Planetary Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Marley, MS (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM Mark.S.Marley@NASA.gov; dsaumon@lanl.gov; cgoldbla@uw.edu RI Marley, Mark/I-4704-2013; OI Marley, Mark/0000-0002-5251-2943 FU NASA; Spitzer Space Telescope Theoretical Research Program; Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory FX We thank M. C. Cushing for performing partly cloudy fits. NASA provided support for this work via the Planetary Atmospheres Program (M.S.M. and C.G.), the Spitzer Space Telescope Theoretical Research Program (D.S.), and Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory Lead Team (C.G.). NR 38 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 723 IS 1 BP L117 EP L121 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/723/1/L117 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 678LJ UT WOS:000284075200024 ER PT J AU Magkotsios, G Timmes, FX Hungerford, AL Fryer, CL Young, PA Wiescher, M AF Magkotsios, Georgios Timmes, F. X. Hungerford, Aimee L. Fryer, Christopher L. Young, Patrick A. Wiescher, Michael TI TRENDS IN Ti-44 AND Ni-56 FROM CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances; supernovae: general ID WEAK-INTERACTION RATES; SPECTRAL NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; INTERMEDIATE-MASS NUCLEI; GAMMA-RAY BURST; SD-SHELL NUCLEI; QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM; RATE TABLES; EXPLOSIVE NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; STARS; SILICON AB We compare the yields of Ti-44 and Ni-56 produced from post-processing the thermodynamic trajectories from three different core-collapse models-a Cassiopeia A progenitor, a double shock hypernova progenitor, and a rotating two-dimensional explosion-with the yields from exponential and power-law trajectories. The peak temperatures and densities achieved in these core-collapse models span several of the distinct nucleosynthesis regions we identify, resulting in different trends in the Ti-44 and Ni-56 yields for different mass elements. The Ti-44 and Ni-56 mass fraction profiles from the exponential and power-law profiles generally explain the tendencies of the post-processed yields, depending on which regions are traversed by the model. We find that integrated yields of Ti-44 and Ni-56 from the exponential and power-law trajectories are generally within a factor two or less of the post-process yields. We also analyze the influence of specific nuclear reactions on the Ti-44 and Ni-56 abundance evolution. Reactions that affect all yields globally are the 3 alpha, p(e(-),nu(e))n and n(e(+), (nu(e)) over bar )p. The rest of the reactions are ranked according to their degree of impact on the synthesis of Ti-44. The primary ones include Ti-44(alpha, p)V-47, Ca-40(alpha, gamma)Ti-44, V-45(p, gamma)Cr-46, Ca-40(alpha, p)Sc-43, F-17(alpha, p)Ne-20, Na-21(alpha, p)Mg-24, Sc-41(p, gamma)Ti-42, Sc-43(p, gamma)Ti-44, Ti-44(p, gamma)V-45, and Ni-57(p, gamma)Cu-58, along with numerous weak reactions. Our analysis suggests that not all Ti-44 need to be produced in an alpha-rich freeze-out in core-collapse events, and that reaction rate equilibria in combination with timescale effects for the expansion profile may account for the paucity of Ti-44 observed in supernova remnants. C1 [Magkotsios, Georgios; Wiescher, Michael] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Magkotsios, Georgios; Timmes, F. X.; Young, Patrick A.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Magkotsios, Georgios; Timmes, F. X.; Wiescher, Michael] Joint Inst Nucl Astrophys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hungerford, Aimee L.; Fryer, Christopher L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hungerford, Aimee L.; Fryer, Christopher L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Magkotsios, G (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. FU NSF [PHY 0216783, PHY 0822648]; US Government [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors thank Raphael Hix, Lih-Sin The, Rob Hoffman, and Hendrik Schatz for useful discussions and test calculations, and the anonymous referee for suggestions that improved the manuscript. This work is supported by the NSF under grants PHY 0216783 and PHY 0822648 for the Frontier Center "Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics" (JINA), under US Government Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS) for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 64 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 EI 1538-4365 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 191 IS 1 BP 66 EP 95 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/191/1/66 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 688EU UT WOS:000284833400005 ER PT J AU Sleiman, M Destaillats, H Smith, JD Liu, CL Ahmed, M Wilson, KR Gundel, LA AF Sleiman, Mohamad Destaillats, Hugo Smith, Jared D. Liu, Chen-Lin Ahmed, Musahid Wilson, Kevin R. Gundel, Lara A. TI Secondary organic aerosol formation from ozone-initiated reactions with nicotine and secondhand tobacco smoke SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Indoor environment; Heterogeneous chemistry; Thirdhand smoke; Ultrafine particles; Aerosol mass spectrometry; Indoor exposure ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; PRIMARY ALIPHATIC-AMINES; LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CIGARETTE-SMOKE; ACCRETION REACTIONS; TERM EXPOSURE; REAL-TIME; CHEMISTRY AB We used controlled laboratory experiments to evaluate the aerosol-forming potential of ozone reactions with nicotine and secondhand smoke. Special attention was devoted to real-time monitoring of the particle size distribution and chemical composition of SOA as they are believed to be key factors determining the toxicity of SOA. The experimental approach was based on using a vacuum ultraviolet photon ionization time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (VUV-AMS), a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and off-line thermal desorption coupled to mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) for gas-phase byproducts analysis. Results showed that exposure of SHS to ozone induced the formation of ultrafine particles (<100 nm) that contained high molecular weight nitrogenated species (m/z 400-500), which can be due to accretion/acid base reactions and formation of oligomers. In addition, nicotine was found to contribute significantly (with yields 4-9%) to the formation of secondary organic aerosol through reaction with ozone. The main constituents of the resulting SOA were tentatively identified and a reaction mechanism was proposed to elucidate their formation. These findings identify a new component of thirdhand smoke that is associated with the formation of ultrafine particles (UFP) through oxidative aging of secondhand smoke. The significance of this chemistry for indoor exposure and health effects is highlighted. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sleiman, Mohamad; Destaillats, Hugo; Gundel, Lara A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Destaillats, Hugo] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainable Engn & Built Environm, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Smith, Jared D.; Liu, Chen-Lin; Ahmed, Musahid; Wilson, Kevin R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sleiman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM msleiman@lbl.gov RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009; Destaillats, Hugo/B-7936-2013 FU California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program [18FT-0105, 12KT-0178]; Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program (Grants 18FT-0105 and 12KT-0178). The authors are grateful to Lauren Petrick and Tosh Hotchi for their assistance with experiments. We also thank Tom Kirchstetter and Randy Maddalena for their suggestions. J.D.S., C.L.L., M.A. and K.R.W. are supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 68 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 44 IS 34 BP 4191 EP 4198 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.023 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 663WW UT WOS:000282921900007 ER PT J AU Pritychenko, B Mughaghab, SF Sonzogni, AA AF Pritychenko, B. Mughaghab, S. F. Sonzogni, A. A. TI Calculations of Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and astrophysical reaction rates using the ENDF/B-VII.0, JEFF-3.1, JENDL-3.3, and ENDF/B-VI.8 evaluated nuclear reaction data libraries SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE NEUTRON-CAPTURE; S-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; RADIATIVE-CAPTURE; THERMONUCLEAR ENERGIES; MODEL CALCULATIONS; ISOTOPES; DENSITY; FE-56; SOLAR; TEMPERATURE AB We have calculated the Maxwellian-averaged cross sections and astrophysical reaction rates of the stellar nucleosynthesis reactions (n,gamma), (n,fission), (n,p), (n,alpha), and (n,2n) using the ENDF/B-VII.0, JEFF-3.1, JENDL-3.3, and ENDF/B-VI.8 evaluated nuclear reaction data libraries. These four major nuclear reaction libraries were processed under the same conditions for Maxwellian temperatures (kT) ranging from 1 key to 1 MeV. We compare our current calculations of the s-process nucleosynthesis nuclei with previous data sets and discuss the differences between them and the implications for nuclear astrophysics. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Pritychenko, B.; Mughaghab, S. F.; Sonzogni, A. A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pritychenko, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pritychenko@bnl.gov FU Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven Science Associates, LC FX The authors thank Drs. F. Kappeler and I. Dillmann for productive discussions and helpful suggestions. We also are grateful to Drs. M.W. Herman, and A.D. Woodhead and Mrs. M.T. Blennau for the help with ENDF utility codes, and carefully reading the manuscript, respectively. In addition, we thank the referee for bringing to our attention the most recent data for 54Fe, 74,76Ge, and 81Br. This work was funded by the Office of Nuclear Physics, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with Brookhaven Science Associates, LC. NR 144 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 2010 VL 96 IS 6 BP 645 EP 748 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2010.05.002 PG 104 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 657GH UT WOS:000282400700003 ER PT J AU Ponomarenko, NS Poluektov, OG Bylina, EJ Norris, JR AF Ponomarenko, N. S. Poluektov, O. G. Bylina, E. J. Norris, J. R. TI Electronic structure of the primary electron donor of Blastochloris viridis heterodimer mutants: High-field EPR study (vol 1797, pg 1617, 2010) SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Poluektov, O. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ponomarenko, N. S.; Bylina, E. J.; Norris, J. R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, GCIS, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Poluektov, OG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM Oleg@anl.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1797 IS 11 BP 1838 EP 1840 DI 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.07.012 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 653PP UT WOS:000282109400008 ER PT J AU Vileno, B Jeney, S Sienkiewicz, A Marcoux, PR Miller, LM Forro, L AF Vileno, B. Jeney, S. Sienkiewicz, A. Marcoux, P. R. Miller, L. M. Forro, L. TI Evidence of lipid peroxidation and protein phosphorylation in cells upon oxidative stress photo-generated by fullerols SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE IR; Infrared Spectroscopic Microscopy; Synchrotron; Fullerols; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidative stress ID SYNCHROTRON INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; IR SPECTROSCOPY; SINGLET OXYGEN; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; APOPTOSIS; C-60; BIOLOGY; BRAIN AB An oxidative stress (OS) state is characterized by the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in a biological system above its capacity to counterbalance them [1]. Exposure to OS induces the accumulation of intracellular ROS, which in turn causes cell damage in the form of protein, lipid, and/or DNA oxidations. Such conditions are believed to be linked to numerous diseases or simply to the ageing of tissues. However, the controlled generation of ROS via photosensitizing drugs or photosensitizers (PS) is now widely used to treat various tumors and other infections [2,3]. Here we present a method to track the chemical changes in a cell after exposure to oxidative stress. OS is induced via fullerols, a custom made water soluble derivative of fullerene (C(60)), under visible light illumination. Synchrotron-based Fourier Transform InfraRed Microspectroscopy (S-FTIRM) was used to assess the chemical makeup of single cells after OS exposure. Consequently, a chemical fingerprint of oxidative stress was probed in this study through an increase in the bands linked with lipid peroxidation (carbonyl ester group at 1740 cm(-1)) and protein phosphorylation (asymmetric phosphate stretching at 1240 cm(-1)). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vileno, B.; Jeney, S.; Sienkiewicz, A.; Forro, L.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Sch Basic Sci, NN Grp,Inst Phys Condensed Matter,Stn 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Marcoux, P. R.] LETI DTBS Equipe Commune CEA BioMerieux, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Miller, L. M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vileno, B (reprint author), CNRS UDS, UMR7177, Inst Chim Strasbourg, POMAM Lab, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal,BP296-R8, F-67008 Strasbourg, France. EM vileno@unistra.fr RI Marcoux, Pierre/A-5877-2009; Vileno, Bertrand/F-5111-2011 OI Marcoux, Pierre/0000-0003-3855-9662; FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Swiss National Science Foundation [205320-112164] FX The authors are also particularly thankful to Randy Smith for his technical assistance and Dr. Titusz Feller for his constructive discussions. The NSLS is supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. These studies were also partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, project No. 205320-112164, "Biomolecules under stress: ESR in vitro study" (A.S. and L.F.). NR 38 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 152 IS 1-3 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2010.09.004 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 684RS UT WOS:000284567600019 PM 20970241 ER PT J AU Chundawat, SPS Vismeh, R Sharma, LN Humpula, JF Sousa, LD Chambliss, CK Jones, AD Balan, V Dale, BE AF Chundawat, Shishir P. S. Vismeh, Ramin Sharma, Lekh N. Humpula, James F. Sousa, Leonardo da Costa Chambliss, C. Kevin Jones, A. Daniel Balan, Venkatesh Dale, Bruce E. TI Multifaceted characterization of cell wall decomposition products formed during ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and dilute acid based pretreatments SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AFEX; Ammonolysis; Degradation products; Lignocellulosic corn stover; Dilute-acid pretreatment ID DEGRADATION-PRODUCTS; CORN STOVER; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PYRAZINE FORMATION; ETHANOL; BIOMASS; IDENTIFICATION; FERMENTATION; INHIBITION AB Decomposition products formed/released during ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and dilute acid (DA) pretreatment of corn stover (CS) were quantified using robust mass spectrometry based analytical platforms. Ammonolytic cleavage of cell wall ester linkages during AFEX resulted in the formation of acetamide (25 mg/g AFEX CS) and various phenolic amides (15 mg/g AFEX CS) that are effective nutrients for downstream fermentation. After ammonolysis, Maillard reactions with carbonyl-containing intermediates represent the second largest sink for ammonia during AFEX. On the other hand, several carboxylic acids were formed (e.g. 35 mg acetic acid/g DA CS) during DA pretreatment. Formation of furans was 36-fold lower for AFEX compared to DA treatment; while carboxylic acids (e.g. lactic and succinic acids) yield was 100-1000-fold lower during AFEX compared to previous reports using sodium hydroxide as pretreatment reagent. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Humpula, James F.; Sousa, Leonardo da Costa; Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, Biomass Convers Res Lab, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. [Vismeh, Ramin; Jones, A. Daniel] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Jones, A. Daniel] Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Sharma, Lekh N.; Chambliss, C. Kevin] Baylor Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Chundawat, Shishir P. S.; Humpula, James F.; Balan, Venkatesh; Dale, Bruce E.] Michigan State Univ, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr GLBRC, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Chundawat, SPS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Biomass Convers Res Lab, 3900 Collins Rd,Suite 1045, Lansing, MI 48910 USA. EM chundawa@msu.edu RI Jones, Arthur/C-2670-2013; da Costa Sousa, Leonardo/A-1536-2016; OI Jones, Arthur/0000-0002-7408-6690; Chambliss, Kevin/0000-0003-3888-6890; Chundawat, Shishir/0000-0003-3677-6735 FU DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-FC02-07ER64494]; Michigan State Research Foundation; NREL; NSF [DBI-0619489]; U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture; National Research Initiative [2005-35504-16335, 2008-35504-04612] FX This work was funded by DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (www.greatlakesbioenergy.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-07ER64494 between The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System and the U. S. Department of Energy. We appreciate financial support, in initial stages of the project, from Michigan State Research Foundation (SPG grant), and CS/DATCS provided by NREL. The Quattro Premier mass spectrometer was purchased using funds from the NSF Major Research Instrumentation program (grant DBI-0619489). The participation of Baylor University researchers (LNS and CKC) was supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (formerly CSREES), National Research Initiative (Grants No. 2005-35504-16335 and 2008-35504-04612). We would like to thank Albert Cheh, John Ralph, Fachuang Lu, Per Askelano and other members of our laboratory for discussions and experimental assistance during the course of this project. NR 35 TC 108 Z9 111 U1 9 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 EI 1873-2976 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 101 IS 21 BP 8429 EP 8438 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.027 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 634HH UT WOS:000280570900060 PM 20598525 ER PT J AU Upadhyayula, VKK Gadhamshetty, V AF Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K. Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana TI Appreciating the role of carbon nanotube composites in preventing biofouling and promoting biofilms on material surfaces in environmental engineering: A review SO BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES LA English DT Review DE Carbon nanotubes; Nanocomposites; Biofouling; Superhydrophobic; Biofilms; Microbial fuel cells ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIUM; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; METAL NANOPARTICLES AB The ability of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to undergo surface modification allows them to form nanocomposites (NCs) with materials such as polymers, metal nanoparticles, biomolecules, and metal oxides. The biocidal nature, protein fouling resistance, and fouling release properties of CNT-NCs render them the perfect material for biofouling prevention. At the same time, the cytotoxicity of CNT-NCs can be reduced before applying them as substrates to promote biofilm formation in environmental biotechnology applications. This paper reviews the potential prospects of CNT-NCs to accomplish two widely varying objectives in environmental engineering applications: (i) preventing biofouling, and (ii) promoting the formation of desirable biofilms on materials surface. This paper addresses practical issues such as costs, risks to human health, and ecological impacts that are associated with the application, development and commercialization of CNT-NC technology. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Upadhyayula, Venkata K. K.] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Upadhyayula, VKK (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Jr Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Upadhyayula.Venkata@epa.gov RI Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana/B-5609-2009; Upadhyayula, Venkata Krishna/E-7549-2012 NR 154 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 5 U2 98 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-9750 EI 1873-1899 J9 BIOTECHNOL ADV JI Biotechnol. Adv. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP 802 EP 816 DI 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.06.006 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 671RH UT WOS:000283526500014 PM 20599491 ER PT J AU Hannah, KM Thomas, CDL Clement, JG De Carlo, F Peele, AG AF Hannah, K. M. Thomas, C. D. L. Clement, J. G. De Carlo, F. Peele, A. G. TI Bimodal distribution of osteocyte lacunar size in the human femoral cortex as revealed by micro-CT SO BONE LA English DT Article DE Osteocyte lacunae; Synchrotron micro-CT; Lacunar volume; Femur; Cortical bone ID CORTICAL POROSITY; FLUID-FLOW; BONE; TOMOGRAPHY; MORPHOLOGY; MIDSHAFT; SYSTEM; SPACES AB Tomographic reconstructions of sections of human femoral bone were created from x-ray data sets taken using synchrotron radiation of 26.4 key and with isotropic voxels 1.47 mu m on a side. We demonstrate that it is possible to segment the data to isolate both the osteocyte lacunae and the Haversian canals in the bone as well as identifying osteon boundaries. From this information a wealth of data relating to bone structure becomes available. The data were used to map the spatial positions of the osteocyte lacunae, relative to the Haversian canals and of the osteon boundaries. The dimensions and volume of the imaged osteocyte lacunae were measured for close to 10,000 lacunae. When averaged over the 11 osteons measured, osteocyte densities varied from 4 x 10(4) per mm(3) close to the Haversian canals to about 9 x 10(4) per mm(3) at 80% of osteon radius. The nearest-neighbour distances varied from 10 mu m to 40 mu m with a peak at 23 mu m and an approximately normal distribution. The distribution of lacunar long-axis length was also approximately normal with a small positive skew and the peak value was 8 mu m with a range from 3 mu m to 20 mu m. The most significant finding from this study was that the distribution of the measured volumes of osteocyte lacunae had two distinct peaks, one at 200 mu m(3) and a second at 330 mu m(3). (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Thomas, C. D. L.; Clement, J. G.] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Dent Sch, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Hannah, K. M.; Peele, A. G.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Hannah, K. M.; Peele, A. G.] ARC Ctr Excellence Coherent Xray Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [De Carlo, F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thomas, CDL (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Melbourne Dent Sch, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. EM cdthomas@unimelb.edu.au RI Thomas, Christopher/B-1117-2008; clement, john/C-9303-2013 OI Thomas, Christopher/0000-0001-7668-4259; FU Australian Research Council through the Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science; Commonwealth of Australia; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council through the Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, The authors also acknowledge the Australian Synchrotron Research Program, which is funded by the Commonwealth of Australia under the Major National Research Facilities Program. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We are grateful to the mortuary staff and the staff of the Donor Tissue Bank of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine for their assistance in the collection of the series of bone specimens from which this sample was taken, and particularly grateful to the next-of-kin of the donor for permission to remove bone for research purposes. The paper was greatly improved by the comments of two anonymous reviewers. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 5 BP 866 EP 871 DI 10.1016/j.bone.2010.07.025 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 668PM UT WOS:000283282000004 PM 20691298 ER PT J AU Charusombat, U Niyogi, D Kumar, A Wang, X Chen, F Guenther, A Turnipseed, A Alapaty, K AF Charusombat, U. Niyogi, D. Kumar, A. Wang, X. Chen, F. Guenther, A. Turnipseed, A. Alapaty, K. TI Evaluating a New Deposition Velocity Module in the Noah Land-Surface Model SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Air quality; Deposition velocity; Land data assimilation system; Noah land-surface model ID GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; FIFE OBSERVATIONS; RESISTANCE; CANOPY; PARAMETERIZATION; OZONE; SOIL; FLUX; IMPLEMENTATION AB The community Noah land-surface model (Noah LSM) has been modified to couple with a photosynthesis-transpiration scheme (GEM) to estimate the deposition velocity (V(d)) for air quality studies. This new capability of the Noah-GEM model was tested in a point version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research-High Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS). Ozone V(d) observations from June 1-30, 2002 over the AmeriFlux forested site located at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA (40A degrees 1'58 '' N;105A degrees 32'47 '' W) were used. The model reasonably captures V(d) variations for both dry and wet conditions but has problems at nighttime. Experiments were performed to assess the sensitivity of V(d) calculations to surface characteristics related to vegetation and soil parameters. The results indicated that V(d) values are sensitive to accurate specifications of the leaf area index (LAI) and a lesser extent to vegetation type, maximum stomatal resistance (R(smax) ) and soil texture prescription. The model sensitivity to canopy resistance was noted for both daytime and nighttime. For this forest site, neither soil textures nor soil moisture appeared to affect V(d) calculations significantly, though they affected the surface heat-flux estimation particularly under low soil moisture conditions. Therefore, the V(d) estimation in the Noah model can be enhanced by either site-specific LAI or assimilating regional normal difference vegetation index information for specific time periods. Results also highlighted the need to lower the current constant R(smax) value used in Noah and other land-surface models. C1 [Charusombat, U.; Niyogi, D.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kumar, A.; Wang, X.; Chen, F.; Guenther, A.; Turnipseed, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wang, X.] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Alapaty, K.] DOE Atmospher Radiat Measurement Program, Germantown, MD USA. RP Niyogi, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM climate@purdue.edu RI Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Chen, Fei/B-1747-2009; Wang, Xuemei/B-4521-2012 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; FU NOAA/JCSDA [NA06NES4400013]; NCAR; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [40875076]; NASA; NSF FX This research benefited through the NOAA/JCSDA grant (NA06NES4400013), NCAR BEACHON (Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, and Organics & Nitrogen) Program, NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program (Dr. Jared Entin), and NSF CAREER (Drs. Liming Zhou and Jay Fein). It was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grant No. 40875076). The observation data from NWR AmeriFlux sites has been provided by Dr. Russ Monson (http://public.ornl.gov/ameriflux/Site_Info/siteInfo.cfm?KEYID=us.niwot_ ridge.01). NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 137 IS 2 BP 271 EP 290 DI 10.1007/s10546-010-9531-y PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 661BB UT WOS:000282696600006 ER PT J AU George, SJ Webb, SM Abraham, JL Cramer, SP AF George, S. J. Webb, S. M. Abraham, J. L. Cramer, S. P. TI Synchrotron X-ray analyses demonstrate phosphate-bound gadolinium in skin in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy; gadolinium-based contrast agents; magnetic resonance imaging; pathology; toxicology; X-ray microimaging AB Background Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an incurable, debilitating disease found exclusively in patients with decreased kidney function and comprises a fibrosing disorder of the skin and systemic tissues. The disease is associated with exposure to gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCA) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tissue samples from many patients with NSF contain micron-sized insoluble Gd-containing deposits. However, the precise composition and chemical nature of these particles is unclear. Objectives To clarify the precise chemical structure of the Gd-containing deposits in NSF tissues. Methods Autopsy skin tissues from a patient with NSF were examined in situ using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and in correlation with light microscopy and the results of scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses. Results The insoluble Gd deposits were shown to contain Gd no longer coordinated by GBCA chelator molecules but rather in a sodium calcium phosphate material. SXRF microscopy shows a clear correlation between Gd, Ca and P. EXAFS spectroscopy shows a very different spectrum from the GBCAs, with Gd-P distances at 3 11 angstrom and 3 72 angstrom as well as Gd-Gd distances at an average of 4 05 angstrom, consistent with a GdPO(4) structure. Conclusions This is the first direct evidence for the chemical release of Gd from GBCA in human tissue. This supports the physical-chemical, clinical and epidemiological data indicating a link between stability and dose of GBCA to the development of NSF. C1 [Abraham, J. L.] SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [George, S. J.; Cramer, S. P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [George, S. J.; Cramer, S. P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Webb, S. M.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Abraham, JL (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Univ, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. EM abrahamj@upstate.edu RI Webb, Samuel/D-4778-2009 OI Webb, Samuel/0000-0003-1188-0464 FU U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM-65440, EB-001962]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER); Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University; DOE OBES FX This work was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants GM-65440 (S. P. C.), EB-001962 (S. P. C.), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) (S. P. C.). Support was also provided by the Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University (J.L.A.). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE OBES). The SSRL Structural Molecular Biology Program is supported by the DOE OBER, and the NIH, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is supported by DOE OBES. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 163 IS 5 BP 1077 EP 1081 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09918.x PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 672PC UT WOS:000283597500026 PM 20560953 ER PT J AU Lambert, TN Luhrs, CC Chavez, CA Wakeland, S Brumbach, MT Alam, TM AF Lambert, Timothy N. Luhrs, Claudia C. Chavez, Carlos A. Wakeland, Stephen Brumbach, Michael T. Alam, Todd M. TI Graphite oxide as a precursor for the synthesis of disordered graphenes using the aerosol-through-plasma method SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE; LI STORAGE; SHEETS; CARBON; NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOSHEETS; REDUCTION; AMMONIA; NANOPARTICLES AB The synthesis and characterization of graphene-like materials, prepared by plasma processing of graphite oxide is described. The thermal exfoliation and reduction of graphite oxide was obtained by passing an aerosol of coarsely ground graphite oxide with no solvent through a low-power (900 W) microwave generated plasma, with argon as the carrier and plasma gas. The reduced material obtained by this aerosol-through-plasma method was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron and solid state C-13 NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric and elemental analysis and surface area analysis methods. These materials consist of single to few-layers of graphene and displays high disorder, large surface areas (similar to 640 m(2)/g) and low (<4%) oxygen content. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lambert, Timothy N.; Chavez, Carlos A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Devices & Energy Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Luhrs, Claudia C.; Wakeland, Stephen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Brumbach, Michael T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Alam, Todd M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Elect & Nanostruct Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lambert, TN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Devices & Energy Technol, POB 5800,MS 0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tnlambe@sandia.gov FU Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; University of New Mexico FX This work was supported by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Professor C.C. Luhrs acknowledges start up funds from the University of New Mexico. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 14 BP 4081 EP 4089 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.07.015 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 656ZR UT WOS:000282380300015 ER PT J AU Xu, R Spencer, VA Groesser, DL Bissell, MJ AF Xu, Ren Spencer, Virginia A. Groesser, Dinah Levy Bissell, Mina J. TI Laminin regulates PI3K basal localization and activation to sustain STAT5 activation SO CELL CYCLE LA English DT Article DE laminin; PI3K-Rac1 pathway; polarity; sustained STAT5 activation ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; GENE-EXPRESSION; BETA-CASEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ALPHA-6-BETA-4 INTEGRIN; DNA-BINDING; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLACTIN; ORGANIZATION AB Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key regulator of tissue morphogenesis and functional differentiation in the mammary gland. We showed recently that laminin-111 (LN1) together with prolactin induces beta-casein expression in mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by sustaining STAT5 activation. Others have shown that Rac1 is required for integrin-mediated STAT5 activation, but molecules upstream of Rac1 remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that exposure to three-dimensional (3D) laminin-rich ECM (LrECM) gels changes the localization of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in MECs from diffuse to basal accompanied with the activation of PI3K-Rac1 signaling pathway. We show by co-immunoprecipitation that Rac1 associates with STAT5, and that LrECM treatment enhances this interaction. Blocking PI3K with LY294002 inhibits LrECM-dependent Rac1 activation, attenuates sustained STAT5 phosphorylation and blocks beta-casein gene transcription. These results indicate that PI3K is a key mediator of the LN1-induced signaling cascade which controls the activity of transcription factors essential for tissue-specific gene expression. C1 [Groesser, Dinah Levy; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, Ren] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mol & Biomed Pharmacol, Lexington, KY USA. [Spencer, Virginia A.] Life Technol Corp, Frederick, MD USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Ren.xu2010@uky.edu; MJBissell@lbl.gov FU US Department of Energy, the Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; Office of Health and Environmental Research Health Effects Division [03-76SF00098]; National Cancer Institute [R01CA064786, U54CA126552, U54CA112970, R01CA057621]; US Department of Defense [W81XWH0810736, W81XWH0510338]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research [DAMD17-02-1-0441, W81XWH0410581] FX We thank Dr. Masahiko Itoh (Dokkyo University Tochigi prefecture, Japan) for providing the ZO-1 antibody. As well, the construct containing STAT5A 1*6 was a kind gift from Dr. Toshio Kitamura (University of Tokyo, Japan). This work was supported by grants from the US Department of Energy, the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH1123), a Low Dose Radiation Program and a Distinguished Fellow Award from the Office of Health and Environmental Research Health Effects Division (contract no. 03-76SF00098) to M.J.B., the National Cancer Institute (awards R01CA064786, U54CA126552 and U54CA112970 to M.J.B. and R01CA057621 to M.J.B. and Zena Werb), the US Department of Defense Medical and Materiel Command innovator award (contract no. W81XWH0810736 and W81XWH0510338) to M.J.B. and postdoctoral fellowships DAMD17-02-1-0441 to R. X. and W81XWH0410581 to V.A.S. and a post-doctoral fellowship to V.A.S. from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1538-4101 J9 CELL CYCLE JI Cell Cycle PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 21 BP 4315 EP 4322 DI 10.4161/cc.9.21.13578 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 673HQ UT WOS:000283650500021 PM 20980837 ER PT J AU Tubbs, JL Tainer, JA AF Tubbs, Julie L. Tainer, John A. TI Alkyltransferase-like proteins: molecular switches between DNA repair pathways SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE Alkyltransferase-like protein; ATL; O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase; O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; Nucleotide excision repair; DNA base repair; DNA alkylation; DNA repair ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; HUMAN O-6-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; HUMAN O(6)-ALKYLGUANINE-DNA ALKYLTRANSFERASE; TRANSCRIPTION-COUPLED REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DAMAGE RECOGNITION; STRUCTURAL BASIS; GENOME REVEALS; O-6-METHYLGUANINE-DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Alkyltransferase-like proteins (ATLs) play a role in the protection of cells from the biological effects of DNA alkylation damage. Although ATLs share functional motifs with the DNA repair protein and cancer chemotherapy target O (6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase, they lack the reactive cysteine residue required for alkyltransferase activity, so its mechanism for cell protection was previously unknown. Here we review recent advances in unraveling the enigmatic cellular protection provided by ATLs against the deleterious effects of DNA alkylation damage. We discuss exciting new evidence that ATLs aid in the repair of DNA O (6)-alkylguanine lesions through a novel repair cross-talk between DNA-alkylation base damage responses and the DNA nucleotide excision repair pathway. C1 [Tubbs, Julie L.; Tainer, John A.] Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Tainer, John A.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tainer, JA (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, Skaggs Inst Chem Biol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd,MB4, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jat@scripps.edu FU National Institutes of Health [R01CA097209]; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01CA097209 (J.A.T.) and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology (J.L.T.). NR 73 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 22 BP 3749 EP 3762 DI 10.1007/s00018-010-0405-8 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 666DV UT WOS:000283093000001 PM 20502938 ER PT J AU Olcay, H Xu, LJ Xu, Y Huber, GW AF Olcay, Hakan Xu, Lijun Xu, Ye Huber, George W. TI Aqueous-Phase Hydrogenation of Acetic Acid over Transition Metal Catalysts SO CHEMCATCHEM LA English DT Article DE acetic acid; aqueous phase hydrogenation; density functional calculations; ethanol; heterogeneous catalysis ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ETHANOL; BIOMASS; HYDROGENOLYSIS; DFT; ALKANES; ESTERS; NI C1 [Xu, Lijun; Xu, Ye] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Olcay, Hakan; Huber, George W.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xuy2@ornl.gov; huber@ecs.umass.edu RI Xu, Ye/B-5447-2009 OI Xu, Ye/0000-0002-6406-7832 FU ACS; Scientific User Facilities Division; US DOE-BES FX Work at UMass was supported with a grant from the ACS Petroleum Research Fund. We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Deniz Uner and Hilal Kivrak of Middle East Technical University for technical assistance. Work at ORNL's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, US DOE-BES, and used computing resources provided by NERSC, NCCS, and ORNL. NR 31 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 10 U2 98 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1867-3880 J9 CHEMCATCHEM JI ChemCatChem PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 1420 EP 1424 DI 10.1002/cctc.201000134 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 678DO UT WOS:000284052600014 ER PT J AU Li, XP Zhang, W Lu, WC Wang, CZ Ho, KM AF Li Xiao-ping Zhang Wei Lue Wen-cai Wang Cai-zhuang Ho Kai-ming TI Fragmentation Behavior and Ionization Potentials of Lead Clusters Pb-n(n <= 30) SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES LA English DT Article DE Pb cluster; Fragmentation; Ionization potential ID GE; PATTERNS; IONS; TIN; PB; SI AB The properties of Pb-n(n=2-30) clusters including binding energies, second differences in energy, and HOMO-LUMO gaps, especially fragmentation energies and ionization potentials, have been studied by ab initio calculation. The main fragmentation products of Pb-n(+) are shown to be Pb+Pb-n-1(+) for n <= 14 and two small cluster fragments for larger ones with n>14. The Pb-13(+) appears frequently as the products in the fragmentations of large clusters. Also, the calculated ionization potentials of the clusters are consistent with the experiment data. C1 [Li Xiao-ping; Zhang Wei; Lue Wen-cai] Jilin Univ, Inst Theoret Chem, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China. [Lue Wen-cai] Qingdao Univ, Lab Fiber Mat & Modern Text, Growing Base State Key Lab, Coll Phys, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China. [Wang Cai-zhuang; Ho Kai-ming] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Wang Cai-zhuang; Ho Kai-ming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lu, WC (reprint author), Jilin Univ, Inst Theoret Chem, State Key Lab Theoret & Computat Chem, Changchun 130021, Peoples R China. EM wencailu@jlu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20773047, 21043001] FX Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20773047 and 21043001). NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1005-9040 EI 2210-3171 J9 CHEM RES CHINESE U JI Chem. Res. Chin. Univ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 26 IS 6 BP 996 EP 1001 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 694EA UT WOS:000285276600028 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Zhang, HY Malfatti, M White, RD Lara, PN Turteltaub, K Henderson, P Pan, CX AF Wang, Sisi Zhang, Hongyong Malfatti, Michael White, Ralph de Vere Lara, Primo N., Jr. Turteltaub, Kenneth Henderson, Paul Pan, Chong-xian TI Gemcitabine Causes Minimal Modulation of Carboplatin-DNA Monoadduct Formation and Repair in Bladder Cancer Cells SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADDUCT FORMATION; LEUKOCYTE DNA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CISPLATIN; CHEMOTHERAPY; TUMOR; KINETICS; SURVIVAL; PLASMA; ASSAY AB We are developing a method to identify cellular resistance to carboplatin by using accelerator mass spectrometry to measure carboplatin-DNA adducts formed from drug microdoses (similar to 1/100th the therapeutic dose). Such an approach would be particularly useful if it is still valid in combination chemotherapy. We examined whether the addition of gemcitabine, another chemotherapeutic drug, could influence carboplatin-DNA adduct levels. There were no substantial differences in the levels of carboplatin-DNA adducts in cells upon exposure to the carboplatin/gemcitabine combination at various doses and schedules. These data demonstrate that microdosing is feasible for the characterization of carboplatin resistance when given in combination with gemcitabine. C1 [Wang, Sisi; Zhang, Hongyong; Henderson, Paul; Pan, Chong-xian] Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Div Hematol & Oncol, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Wang, Sisi] Jilin Univ, Norman Bethune Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. [Malfatti, Michael; Turteltaub, Kenneth] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [White, Ralph de Vere; Lara, Primo N., Jr.; Pan, Chong-xian] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Urol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Lara, Primo N., Jr.; Pan, Chong-xian] VA No Calif Hlth Care Syst, Mather, CA USA. RP Henderson, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc, Div Hematol & Oncol, Dept Internal Med, 4501 X St, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM phenderson@ucdavis.edu; expan@ucdavis.edu FU Susan and Gerry Knapp Foundation; National Institutes of Health [RR13461]; American Cancer Society FX We thank Ms. Miaoling He for technical support. This work was supported by the Susan and Gerry Knapp Foundation (to P.T.H.), National Institutes of Health Grant RR13461 (to K.W.T.), and by American Cancer Society Institutional Research Grant (to C.-x.P.). NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1653 EP 1655 DI 10.1021/tx1003547 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 681DJ UT WOS:000284290500004 PM 21028869 ER PT J AU Nozik, AJ Miller, J AF Nozik, Arthur J. Miller, John TI Introduction to Solar Photon Conversion SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nozik, Arthur J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM anozik@nrel.gov; jrmiller@bnl.gov RI Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016 NR 0 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 6443 EP 6445 DI 10.1021/cr1003419 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 679BL UT WOS:000284134300001 PM 21062096 ER PT J AU Chen, XB Shen, SH Guo, LJ Mao, SS AF Chen, Xiaobo Shen, Shaohua Guo, Liejin Mao, Samuel S. TI Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; SENSITIZED SOLAR-CELLS; POLYMERIZABLE-COMPLEX METHOD; AQUEOUS-METHANOL SOLUTION; WATER-SPLITTING REACTION; SHUTTLE REDOX MEDIATOR; DOPED ANATASE TIO2; (GA1-XZNX)(N1-XOX) SOLID-SOLUTION; PENTAGONAL-PRISM TUNNEL; ONE-POT SYNTHESIS C1 [Chen, Xiaobo; Shen, Shaohua; Mao, Samuel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shen, Shaohua; Guo, Liejin] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. RP Chen, XB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM chenxiaobolbl@gmail.com; shshen_xjtu@yahoo.com.cn; lj-guo@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; SSMao@lbl.gov RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012; Shen, Shaohua/E-9507-2011; Wei, Zhanhua/D-7544-2013 OI Wei, Zhanhua/0000-0003-2687-0293 NR 1091 TC 2792 Z9 2838 U1 343 U2 2784 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 6503 EP 6570 DI 10.1021/cr1001645 PG 68 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 679BL UT WOS:000284134300004 PM 21062099 ER PT J AU Habas, SE Platt, HAS van Hest, MFAM Ginley, DS AF Habas, Susan E. Platt, Heather A. S. van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Ginley, David S. TI Low-Cost Inorganic Solar Cells: From Ink To Printed Device SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OXIDE THIN-FILMS; CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION; TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING OXIDES; SPRAY-PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE; COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SINGLE-SOURCE PRECURSORS; PBSE NANOCRYSTAL SOLIDS; DOPED ZINC-OXIDE; NICKEL-OXIDE C1 [Habas, Susan E.; Platt, Heather A. S.; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.; Ginley, David S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ginley, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM david_ginley@nrel.gov NR 243 TC 252 Z9 257 U1 18 U2 219 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 6571 EP 6594 DI 10.1021/cr100191d PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 679BL UT WOS:000284134300005 PM 20973478 ER PT J AU Hains, AW Liang, ZQ Woodhouse, MA Gregg, BA AF Hains, Alexander W. Liang, Ziqi Woodhouse, Michael A. Gregg, Brian A. TI Molecular Semiconductors in Organic Photovoltaic Cells SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; SOLID-STATE DEVICES; SPACE-CHARGE CAPACITANCE; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; METAL-FREE PHTHALOCYANINE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES C1 [Hains, Alexander W.; Liang, Ziqi; Woodhouse, Michael A.; Gregg, Brian A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregg, BA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM brian.gregg@nrel.gov RI Liang, Ziqi/G-9312-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX We thank the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Science, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL for funding this research. NR 503 TC 498 Z9 501 U1 26 U2 368 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 6689 EP 6735 DI 10.1021/cr9002984 PG 47 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 679BL UT WOS:000284134300008 PM 20184362 ER PT J AU Dillon, AC AF Dillon, A. C. TI Carbon Nanotubes for Photoconversion and Electrical Energy Storage SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; IMPROVED ELECTROCHROMIC APPLICATIONS; RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS PV; LARGE-SCALE PRODUCTION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CATALYTIC GROWTH; FIELD-EMISSION; CVD SYNTHESIS C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Mat & Chem Sci, Golden, CO USA. RP Dillon, AC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Ctr Mat & Chem Sci, Golden, CO USA. EM anne.dillon@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy through the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; NREL's Laboratory FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under subcontract number DE-AC36-08GO28308 through the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and the Renewable Energy Office of the Vehicle Technologies Program and NREL's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. I would like to thank R. P. Mirin at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, D. B. Geohegan at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and T. M. Barnes at NREL for useful discussions. Finally, I would like to express my deepest thanks to S. E. Asher for enabling my career at NREL. NR 172 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 8 U2 127 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 EI 1520-6890 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 6856 EP 6872 DI 10.1021/cr9003314 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 679BL UT WOS:000284134300012 PM 20839769 ER PT J AU Nozik, AJ Beard, MC Luther, JM Law, M Ellingson, RJ Johnson, JC AF Nozik, A. J. Beard, M. C. Luther, J. M. Law, M. Ellingson, R. J. Johnson, J. C. TI Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Quantum Dot Arrays and Applications of Multiple Exciton Generation to Third-Generation Photovoltaic Solar Cells SO CHEMICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; HOT-CARRIER RELAXATION; PBSE NANOCRYSTAL SOLIDS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; IMPACT IONIZATION; PHONON BOTTLENECK; ENERGY-RELAXATION; ELECTRON RELAXATION; COLLOIDAL NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE NANOCRYSTALS C1 [Nozik, A. J.; Beard, M. C.; Luther, J. M.; Johnson, J. C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Nozik, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Law, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Ellingson, R. J.] Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Nozik, AJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM anozik@nrel.gov RI Ellingson, Randy/H-3424-2013; Nozik, Arthur/A-1481-2012; Nozik, Arthur/P-2641-2016; OI BEARD, MATTHEW/0000-0002-2711-1355 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences FX We acknowledge important contributions to the work generated here from: O. I. Micic (deceased), J. E. Murphy, M. C. Hanna, P. Yu, Sasha Efros, and Andrew Shabaev. All authors were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Solar Photochemistry Program. NR 224 TC 569 Z9 580 U1 55 U2 614 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2665 J9 CHEM REV JI Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 110 IS 11 BP 6873 EP 6890 DI 10.1021/cr900289f PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 679BL UT WOS:000284134300013 PM 20945911 ER PT J AU Xiao, C He, Y Lu, YR Batygin, Y Yin, L Wang, ZJ Yuan, YJ Liu, Y Chang, W Du, XN Wang, Z Xia, JW AF Xiao Chen He Yuan Lu Yuan-Rong Batygin, Yuri Yin Ling Wang Zhi-Jun Yuan You-Jin Liu Yong Chang Wei Du Xiao-Nan Wang Zhi Xia Jia-Wen TI A Particle-in-cell scheme of the RFQ in the SSC-Linac SO CHINESE PHYSICS C LA English DT Article DE RFQ; PIC mode; parameters sweep analysis; manufacturing error; space charge effect AB A 52 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator (linac) is designed to serve as an initial structure for the SSC-Linac system (injector into Separated Sector Cyclotron). The designed injection and output energy are 3.5 keV/u and 143 keV/u, respectively. The beam dynamics in this RFQ have been studied using a three-dimensional Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code BEAMPATH. Simulation results show that this R,FQ structure is characterized by stable values of beam transmission efficiency (at least 95%) for both zero-current mode and the space charge dominated regime. The beam accelerated in the RFQ has good quality in both transverse and longitudinal directions, and could easily be accepted by Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The effect of the vane error and that of the space charge on the beam parameters have been studied as well to define the engineering tolerance for RFQ vane machining and alignment. C1 [Xiao Chen; Wang Zhi-Jun; Chang Wei; Du Xiao-Nan] Grad Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Xiao Chen; He Yuan; Wang Zhi-Jun; Yuan You-Jin; Liu Yong; Chang Wei; Du Xiao-Nan; Xia Jia-Wen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Lu Yuan-Rong; Yin Ling; Wang Zhi] Key Lab Heavy Ion Phys Minist Educ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Batygin, Yuri] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang Zhi-Jun] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Nucl Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Xiao, C (reprint author), Grad Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. EM xiaochen@impcas.ac.cn OI Yuan, You-Jin/0000-0002-1761-9040 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10635090] FX Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10635090) NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU CHINESE PHYSICAL SOC PI BEIJING PA P O BOX 603, BEIJING 100080, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-1137 J9 CHINESE PHYS C JI Chin. Phys. C PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1749 EP 1753 DI 10.1088/1674-1137/34/11/016 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 679TU UT WOS:000284184500016 ER PT J AU Yang, XN Lee, Y Fan, H Sun, XA Lussier, YA AF Yang XiNan Lee, Younghee Fan Hong Sun Xiao Lussier, Yves A. TI Identification of common microRNA-mRNA regulatory biomodules in human epithelial cancer SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE biomodule; microRNA expression; gene expression; cancer; molecular diagnosis ID PENALIZED LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; MICROARRAY DATA; BREAST-CANCER; COLON-CANCER; CELL-LINES; EXPRESSION PROFILES; DNA-REPLICATION; PROSTATE-CANCER; DOWN-REGULATION AB The complex regulatory network between microRNAs and gene expression remains an unclear domain of active research. We proposed to address in part this complex regulation with a novel approach for the genome-wide identification of biomodules derived from paired microRNA and mRNA profiles, which could reveal correlations associated with a complex network of dys-regulation in human cancer. Two published expression datasets for 68 samples with 11 distinct types of epithelial cancers and 21 samples of normal tissues were used, containing microRNA expression and gene expression profiles, respectively. As results, the microRNA expression used jointly with mRNA expression can provide better classifiers of epithelial cancers against normal epithelial tissue than either dataset alone (P=1x10(-10), F-test). We identified a combination of 6 microRNA-mRNA biomodules that optimally classified epithelial cancers from normal epithelial tissue (total accuracy = 93.3%; 95% confidence intervals: 86%-97%), using penalized logistic regression (PLR) algorithm and three-fold cross-validation. Three of these biomodules are individually sufficient to cluster epithelial cancers from normal tissue using mutual information distance. The biomodules contain 10 distinct microRNAs and 98 distinct genes, including well known tumor markers such as miR-15a, miR-30e, IRAK1, TGFBR2, DUSP16, CDC25B and PDCD2. In addition, there is a significant enrichment (Fisher's exact test P=3x10(-10)) between putative microRNA-target gene pairs reported in 5 microRNA target databases and the inversely correlated microRNA-mRNA pairs in the biomodules. Further, microRNAs and genes in the biomodules were found in abstracts mentioning epithelial cancers (Fisher's Exact test, unadjusted P < 0.05). Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the discovered microRNA-mRNA biomodules correspond to regulatory mechanisms common to human epithelial cancer samples. In conclusion, we developed and evaluated a novel comprehensive method to systematically identify, on a genome scale, microRNA-mRNA expression biomodules common to distinct cancers of the same tissue. These biomodules also comprise novel microRNA and genes as well as an imputed regulatory network, which may accelerate the work of cancer biologists as large regulatory maps of cancers can be drawn efficiently for hypothesis generation. C1 [Yang XiNan; Sun Xiao] Southeast Univ, State Key Lab Bioelect, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China. [Yang XiNan; Lee, Younghee; Lussier, Yves A.] Univ Chicago, Ctr Biomed Informat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Yang XiNan; Lee, Younghee; Lussier, Yves A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Med, Med Genet Sect, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Fan Hong] Southeast Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Dev Genes & Human Dis, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. [Lussier, Yves A.] Univ Chicago, Canc Res Ctr, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lussier, Yves A.] Univ Chicago, Ludwig Ctr Metastasis Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lussier, Yves A.] Inst Genom & Syst Biol, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Lussier, Yves A.] Argonne Natl Labs, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Sun, XA (reprint author), Southeast Univ, State Key Lab Bioelect, Nanjing 210096, Peoples R China. EM xsun@seu.edu.cn; lussier@uchicago.edu OI Lussier, Yves/0000-0001-9854-1005 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [60971099, 60671018, 60771024]; Center for Multilevel Analyses of Genomic and Cellular Networks [1U54CA121852-01A1]; Cancer Research Foundation FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60971099, 60671018 and 60771024), Center for Multilevel Analyses of Genomic and Cellular Networks (1U54CA121852-01A1), and the Cancer Research Foundation. We thank WALTS Adrienne for her contribution to editing. We also thank XIE Jianming for contributive discussion on the biological impact. NR 87 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 31 BP 3576 EP 3589 DI 10.1007/s11434-010-4051-1 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 678VV UT WOS:000284111500013 PM 21340045 ER PT J AU Jonas, M Marland, G Winiwarter, W White, T Nahorski, Z Bun, R Nilsson, S AF Jonas, Matthias Marland, Gregg Winiwarter, Wilfried White, Thomas Nahorski, Zbigniew Bun, Rostyslav Nilsson, Sten TI Benefits of dealing with uncertainty in greenhouse gas inventories: introduction SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUELS AB The assessment of greenhouse gases emitted to and removed from the atmosphere is high on the international political and scientific agendas. Growing international concern and cooperation regarding the climate change problem have increased the need for policy-oriented solutions to the issue of uncertainty in, and related to, inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The approaches to addressing uncertainty discussed in this Special Issue reflect attempts to improve national inventories, not only for their own sake but also from a wider, systems analytical perspective-a perspective that seeks to strengthen the usefulness of national inventories under a compliance and/or global monitoring and reporting framework. These approaches demonstrate the benefits of including inventory uncertainty in policy analyses. The authors of the contributed papers show that considering uncertainty helps avoid situations that can, for example, create a false sense of certainty or lead to invalid views of subsystems. This may eventually prevent related errors from showing up in analyses. However, considering uncertainty does not come for free. Proper treatment of uncertainty is costly and demanding because it forces us to make the step from "simple to complex" and only then to discuss potential simplifications. Finally, comprehensive treatment of uncertainty does not offer policymakers quick and easy solutions. The authors of the papers in this Special Issue do, however, agree that uncertainty analysis must be a key component of national GHG inventory analysis. Uncertainty analysis helps to provide a greater understanding and better science helps us to reduce and deal with uncertainty. By recognizing the importance of identifying and quantifying uncertainties, great strides can be made in ongoing discussions regarding GHG inventories and accounting for climate change. The 17 papers in this Special Issue deal with many aspects of analyzing and dealing with uncertainty in emissions estimates. C1 [Jonas, Matthias; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Nilsson, Sten] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Winiwarter, Wilfried] AIT Austrian Inst Technol, Vienna, Austria. [Marland, Gregg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [White, Thomas] Canadian Forest Serv, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Nahorski, Zbigniew] Polish Acad Sci, Syst Res Inst, PL-01447 Warsaw, Poland. [Bun, Rostyslav] Lviv Polytech Natl Univ, Lvov, Ukraine. RP Jonas, M (reprint author), Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Schlosspl 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. EM jonas@iiasa.ac.at FU Polish Member Organization; Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry; Cultural Department, Science and Research Promotion, of the City of Vienna; State of Lower Austria FX The authors would like to thank Cynthia Festin from IIASA's Forestry Program and Joanna Horabik from the Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences for organizing the 2nd International Workshop on Uncertainty in Greenhouse Gas Inventories; Iain Stewart, Kathryn Platzer, and Anka James of IIASA's Communications Department for their support and editorial work in publishing this Special Issue; and Linda Foith of IIASA's Office of Sponsored Research Department for administering the financial support. This Special Issue was made possible through the financial support of the Polish Member Organization to IIASA; the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry; the Cultural Department, Science and Research Promotion, of the City of Vienna; and the State of Lower Austria. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 2010 VL 103 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s10584-010-9922-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 666EH UT WOS:000283094800001 ER PT J AU Siriwardane, R Tian, HJ Miller, D Richards, G Simonyi, T Poston, J AF Siriwardane, Ranjani Tian, Hanjing Miller, Duane Richards, George Simonyi, Thomas Poston, James TI Evaluation of reaction mechanism of coal-metal oxide interactions in chemical-looping combustion SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE CO(2) capture; Chemical-looping combustion; Coal; Kinetics ID OXYGEN CARRIERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; REACTION-KINETICS; SOLID FUELS; CO2; ADSORPTION; CLUSTERS; EXCHANGE; BEHAVIOR; BIOMASS AB The knowledge of reaction mechanism is very important in designing reactors for chemical-looping combustion (CLC) of coal. Recent CLC studies have considered the more technically difficult problem of reactions between abundant solid fuels (i.e. coal and waste streams) and solid metal oxides. A definitive reaction mechanism has not been reported for CLC reaction of solid fuels. It has often been assumed that the solid/solid reaction is slow and therefore requires that reactions be conducted at temperatures high enough to gasify the solid fuel, or decompose the metal oxide. In contrast, data presented in this paper demonstrates that solid/solid reactions can be completed at much lower temperatures, with rates that are technically useful as long as adequate fuel/metal oxide contact is achieved. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations as well as experimental techniques such as thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), flow reactor studies, in situ X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to evaluate how the proximal interaction between solid phases proceeds. The data indicate that carbon induces the Cu-O bond breaking process to initiate the combustion of carbon at temperatures significantly lower than the spontaneous decomposition temperature of CuO, and the type of reducing medium in the vicinity of the metal oxide influences the temperature at which the oxygen release from the metal oxide takes place. Surface melting of Cu and wetting of carbon may contribute to the solid-solid contacts necessary for the reaction. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Siriwardane, Ranjani; Tian, Hanjing; Miller, Duane; Richards, George; Simonyi, Thomas; Poston, James] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Tian, Hanjing; Miller, Duane; Simonyi, Thomas] URS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Siriwardane, R (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd,POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM ranjani.siriwardane@netl.doe.gov NR 35 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 2010 VL 157 IS 11 BP 2198 EP 2208 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.06.008 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 661HR UT WOS:000282717200018 ER PT J AU Banks, JW AF Banks, J. W. TI On Exact Conservation for the Euler Equations with Complex Equations of State SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Euler equations; complex EOS; JWL EOS; Godunov methods ID MULTICOMPONENT FLOW CALCULATIONS; OVERLAPPING GRIDS; REAL GASES; DIFFRACTION; SCHEMES; SYSTEMS AB Conservative numerical methods are often used for simulations of fluid flows involving shocks and other jumps with the understanding that conservation guarantees reasonable treatment near discontinuities. This is true in that convergent conservative approximations converge to weak solutions and thus have the correct shock locations. However, correct shock location results from any discretization whose violation of conservation approaches zero as the mesh is refined. Here we investigate the case of the Euler equations for a single gas using the Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state. We show that a quasi-conservative method can lead to physically realistic solutions which are devoid of spurious pressure oscillations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that under certain conditions, a quasi-conservative method can exhibit higher rates of convergence near shocks than a strictly conservative counterpart of the same formal order. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Banks, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM banks20@llnl.gov RI Banks, Jeffrey/A-9718-2012 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The author would like to thank Bill Henshaw and Don Schwendeman for helpful and stimulating discussions on this topic. This study has been supported by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy through contract number DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 EI 1991-7120 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 5 BP 995 EP 1015 DI 10.4208/cicp.090909.100310a PG 21 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 686BP UT WOS:000284672100003 ER PT J AU Petersson, NA Sjogreen, B AF Petersson, N. Anders Sjoegreen, Bjoern TI Stable Grid Refinement and Singular Source Discretization for Seismic Wave Simulations SO COMMUNICATIONS IN COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Elastic wave equation; mesh refinement; stability; summation by parts; singular source term ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE METHOD; DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD; UNSTRUCTURED MESHES; HYPERBOLIC PROBLEMS; OVERLAPPING GRIDS; ELASTIC-WAVES; SOURCE TERMS; SV-WAVE; PROPAGATION; EQUATION AB An energy conserving discretization of the elastic wave equation in second order formulation is developed for a composite grid, consisting of a set of structured rectangular component grids with hanging nodes on the grid refinement interface. Previously developed summation-by-parts properties are generalized to devise a stable second order accurate coupling of the solution across mesh refinement interfaces. The discretization of singular source terms of point force and point moment tensor type are also studied. Based on enforcing discrete moment conditions that mimic properties of the Dirac distribution and its gradient, previous single grid formulas are generalized to work in the vicinity of grid refinement interfaces. These source discretization formulas are shown to give second order accuracy in the solution, with the error being essentially independent of the distance between the source and the grid refinement boundary Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the properties of the pros posed method. C1 [Petersson, N. Anders; Sjoegreen, Bjoern] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Petersson, NA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, L-422,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM andersp@llnl.gov; sjogreen2@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This is contribution LLNL-JRNL-419382. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU GLOBAL SCIENCE PRESS PI WANCHAI PA ROOM 3208, CENTRAL PLAZA, 18 HARBOUR RD, WANCHAI, HONG KONG 00000, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1815-2406 J9 COMMUN COMPUT PHYS JI Commun. Comput. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1074 EP 1110 DI 10.4208/cicp.041109.120210a PG 37 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 686BP UT WOS:000284672100006 ER PT J AU Gertz, EM Griffin, JD AF Gertz, E. Michael Griffin, Joshua D. TI Using an iterative linear solver in an interior-point method for generating support vector machines SO COMPUTATIONAL OPTIMIZATION AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Machine learning; Support vector machines; Quadratic programming; Interior-point methods; Krylov-space methods; Matrix-free preconditioning ID WORKING SET SELECTION; RECOGNITION; ALGORITHM; SVMS AB This paper concerns the generation of support vector machine classifiers for solving the pattern recognition problem in machine learning. A method is proposed based on interior-point methods for convex quadratic programming. This interior-point method uses a linear preconditioned conjugate gradient method with a novel preconditioner to compute each iteration from the previous. An implementation is developed by adapting the object-oriented package OOQP to the problem structure. Numerical results are provided, and computational experience is discussed. C1 [Gertz, E. Michael] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Griffin, Joshua D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Gertz, EM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM emgertz@mac.com; Joshua.Griffin@sas.com OI Gertz, E. Michael/0000-0001-8390-4387 FU National Science Foundation [ACI-0082100, DMS-0208449, DMS-0511766]; Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [W-31-109-ENG-38]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia Corporation FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation grants ACI-0082100 and the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-ENG-38 and the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 with Sandia Corporation. The second author was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grants DMS-0208449 and DMS-0511766 while a graduate student at the University of San Diego California. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0926-6003 J9 COMPUT OPTIM APPL JI Comput. Optim. Appl. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 47 IS 3 BP 431 EP 453 DI 10.1007/s10589-008-9228-z PG 23 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 691SB UT WOS:000285100000003 ER PT J AU Best, DM Lewis, RR AF Best, Daniel M. Lewis, Robert R. TI GWVis A tool for comparative ground-water data visualization SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Ground water; Hydrology; Visualization; Python AB The Ground-Water Visualization application (GWVis) presents ground-water data visually in order to educate the public on ground-water issues It is also intended for presentations to government and other funding agencies GWVis works with ground-water level elevation data collected or modeled over a given time span together with a matching fixed underlying terrain GWVis was developed using the Python programming language in conjunction with associated extension packages and application program interfaces such as OpenGL (TM) to improve performance and allow us fine control of attributes of the model such as lighting material properties transformations and interpolation There are currently several systems available for visualizing ground-water data We classify these into two categories research-oriented models and static presentation-based models While both of them have their strengths we find the former overly complex and non-intuitive and the latter not engaging and presenting problems showing multiple data dimensions GWVis bridges the gap between static and research based visualizations by providing an intuitive interactive design that allows participants to view the model from different perspectives infer information about simulations and view a comparison of two datasets By incorporating scientific data in an environment that can be easily understood GWVis allows that information to be presented to a large audience base (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Best, Daniel M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lewis, Robert R.] Washington State Univ, Sch EECS, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Best, DM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1436 EP 1442 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.04.006 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 689JM UT WOS:000284923900005 ER PT J AU Tang, GP D'Azevedo, EF Zhang, F Parker, JC Watson, DB Jardine, PM AF Tang, Guoping D'Azevedo, Eduardo F. Zhang, Fan Parker, Jack C. Watson, David B. Jardine, Philip M. TI Application of a hybrid MPI/OpenMP approach for parallel groundwater model calibration using multi-core computers SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Reactive transport; Coupled flow and transport; Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm; Profile; Cache ID SUBSURFACE FLOW; TRANSPORT; OPENMP; IMPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE AB Calibration of groundwater models involves hundreds to thousands of forward solutions each of which may solve many transient coupled nonlinear partial differential equations resulting in a computationally intensive problem We describe a hybrid MPI/OpenMP approach to exploit two levels of parallelisms in software and hardware to reduce calibration time on multi-core computers HydroGeoChem 5 0 (HGC5) is parallelized using OpenMP for direct solutions for a reactive transport model application and a field-scale coupled flow and transport model application In the reactive transport model a single parallelizable loop is identified to account for over 97% of the total computational time using GPROF Addition of a few lines of OpenMP compiler directives to the loop yields a speedup of about 10 on a 16-core compute node For the field-scale model parallelizable loops in 14 of 174 HGC5 subroutines that require 99% of the execution time are identified As these loops are parallelized Incrementally the scalability is found to be limited by a loop where Cray PAT detects over 90% cache missing rates With this loop rewritten similar speedup as the first application is achieved The OpenMP-parallelized code can be run efficiently on multiple workstations in a network or multiple compute nodes on a cluster as slaves using parallel PEST to speedup model calibration To run calibration on clusters as a single task the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is added to HGC5 with the Jacobian calculation and lambda search parallelized using MPI With this hybrid approach 100-200 compute cores are used to reduce the calibration time from weeks to a few hours for these two applications This approach is applicable to most of the existing groundwater model codes for many applications Published by Elsevier Ltd C1 [Tang, Guoping; Watson, David B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [D'Azevedo, Eduardo F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Fan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Parker, Jack C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Jardine, Philip M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Tang, GP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tang, Guoping/A-5141-2010 OI Tang, Guoping/0000-0003-1090-3564 FU U S Department of Energy Office of Science Office of the Biological and Environmental Research; Office of Science of the U S Department of Energy; UT-Battelle LLC [DE-AC05-000R22725]; US DOE; US Department of Defense [ER-1611] FX We are Indebted to Dr Jack Gwo from USNRC for his generous help We appreciate Dr Jeff Nichols from Environmental Sciences Division for Internal review This research was funded by the U S Department of Energy Office of Science Office of the Biological and Environmental Research and used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory which is supported by the Office of Science of the U S Department of Energy Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by the UT-Battelle LLC under Contract DE-AC05-000R22725 with the US DOE Partial support was also provided by the US Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project ER-1611 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 36 IS 11 BP 1451 EP 1460 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2010.04.013 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 689JM UT WOS:000284923900007 ER PT J AU Balaji, P Feng, W Lin, H Archuleta, J Matsuoka, S Warren, A Setubal, J Lusk, E Thakur, R Foster, I Katz, DS Jha, S Shinpaugh, K Coghlan, S Reed, D AF Balaji, P. Feng, W. Lin, H. Archuleta, J. Matsuoka, S. Warren, A. Setubal, J. Lusk, Ewing Thakur, R. Foster, I. Katz, D. S. Jha, S. Shinpaugh, K. Coghlan, S. Reed, D. TI Global-scale distributed I/O with ParaMEDIC SO CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Scientific Day of the InternationalSupercomputing Conference (ISC) CY JUN, 2008 CL Dresden, GERMANY DE distributed I/O; Bioinformatics; BLAST; grid computing; cluster computing ID SEQUENCE DATABASES AB Achieving high performance for distributed I/O on a wide-area network continues to be an elusive holy grail. Despite enhancements in network hardware as well as software stacks, achieving high-performance remains a challenge. In this paper, our worldwide team took a completely new and non-traditional approach to distributed I/O, called ParaMEDIC: Parallel Metadata Environment for Distributed I/O and Computing, by utilizing application-specific transformation of data to orders of magnitude smaller metadata before performing the actual I/O. Specifically, this paper details our experiences in deploying a large-scale system to facilitate the discovery of missing genes and constructing a genome similarity tree by encapsulating the mpiBLAST sequence-search algorithm into ParaMEDIC. The overall project involved nine computational sites spread across the U.S. and generated more than a petabyte of data that was 'teleported' to a large-scale facility in Tokyo for storage. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Balaji, P.; Lusk, Ewing; Thakur, R.; Foster, I.; Katz, D. S.; Coghlan, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Feng, W.; Lin, H.; Archuleta, J.; Shinpaugh, K.] Virginia Tech, Dept Comp Sci, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Matsuoka, S.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Warren, A.; Setubal, J.] Virginia Tech, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Foster, I.; Katz, D. S.] Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Katz, D. S.; Jha, S.] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Computat & Technol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Reed, D.] Microsoft Res, Extreme Comp Grp, Scalable Comp & Multicore Div, Redmond, WA USA. RP Balaji, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM balaji@mcs.anl.gov RI Setubal, Joao/C-7305-2012; Oncogenomica, Inct/H-9999-2013; OI Setubal, Joao/0000-0001-9174-2816; Katz, Daniel S./0000-0001-5934-7525 NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1532-0626 EI 1532-0634 J9 CONCURR COMP-PRACT E JI Concurr. Comput.-Pract. Exp. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 22 IS 16 SI SI BP 2266 EP 2281 DI 10.1002/cpe.1590 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 676ZM UT WOS:000283958700006 ER PT J AU Thomas, JB Watson, EB Spear, FS Shemella, PT Nayak, SK Lanzirotti, A AF Thomas, Jay B. Watson, E. Bruce Spear, Frank S. Shemella, Philip T. Nayak, Saroj K. Lanzirotti, Antonio TI TitaniQ under pressure: the effect of pressure and temperature on the solubility of Ti in quartz SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Quartz; Titanium; Solubility; Thermobarometry; Thermometry; XANES ID TRACE-ELEMENT CONTENT; BISHOP TUFF; SILICATE-GLASSES; AB-INITIO; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; METAMORPHIC QUARTZ; ABSORPTION-EDGE; MAGMA SYSTEM; IN-ZIRCON AB Quartz and rutile were synthesized from silica-saturated aqueous fluids between 5 and 20 kbar and from 700 to 940A degrees C in a piston-cylinder apparatus to explore the potential pressure effect on Ti solubility in quartz. A systematic decrease in Ti-in-quartz solubility occurs between 5 and 20 kbar. Titanium K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements demonstrate that Ti(4+) substitutes for Si(4+) on fourfold tetrahedral sites in quartz at all conditions studied. Molecular dynamic simulations support XANES measurements and demonstrate that Ti incorporation onto fourfold sites is favored over interstitial solubility mechanisms. To account for the P-T dependence of Ti-in-quartz solubility, a least-squares method was used to fit Ti concentrations in quartz from all experiments to the simple expression RTln X(TiO2)(quartz) = -60952 + 1.520 . T(K) - 1741 . P(kbar) + RTln a(TiO2) where R is the gas constant 8.3145 J/K, T is temperature in Kelvin, X(TiO2)(quartz) is the mole fraction of TiO(2) in quartz and aTiO(2) is the activity of TiO(2) in the system. The P-T dependencies of Ti-in-quartz solubility can be used as a thermobarometer when used in combination with another thermobarometer in a coexisting mineral, an independent P or T estimate of quartz crystallization, or well-constrained phase equilibria. If temperature can be constrained within +/- 25A degrees C, pressure can be constrained to approximately +/- 1.2 kbar. Alternatively, if pressure can be constrained to within +/- 1 kbar, then temperature can be constrained to approximately +/- 20A degrees C. C1 [Thomas, Jay B.; Watson, E. Bruce; Spear, Frank S.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Shemella, Philip T.; Nayak, Saroj K.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Lanzirotti, Antonio] Univ Chicago, CARS, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Thomas, JB (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 110 8th St, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM thomaj2@rpi.edu FU Earth Sciences Division of the National Science Foundation [EAR-0440228]; Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations (CCNI); Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244] FX This work was supported by the Earth Sciences Division of the National Science Foundation through grant number EAR-0440228 to EBW. PTS thanks Dr. Alessandro Curioni for helpful discussions, the Interconnect Focus Center for funding, and the Computational Center for Nanotechnology Innovations (CCNI) at RPI for supercomputer access. Beamline X-26A at the NSLS is supported by the Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences through grant number DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS. The XANES measurements at NSLS would not have been possible without the dedicated assistance of William Rao. Reviews by John Ferry, John Mavrogenes and Roger Powell helped improve the final version of the manuscript. NR 58 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 4 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 160 IS 5 BP 743 EP 759 DI 10.1007/s00410-010-0505-3 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 658SF UT WOS:000282509000008 ER PT J AU Doherty, MD Grills, DC Muckerman, JT Polyansky, DE Fujita, E AF Doherty, Mark D. Grills, David C. Muckerman, James T. Polyansky, Dmitry E. Fujita, Etsuko TI Toward more efficient photochemical CO2 reduction: Use of scCO(2) or photogenerated hydrides SO COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on the Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds (ISPPCC) CY JUL 04-09, 2009 CL Sapporo, JAPAN DE Carbon dioxide reduction; Small molecule activation; Photocatalysis; Renewable hydride donors; Supercritical CO2; NADH-model ligands ID VISIBLE-LIGHT IRRADIATION; PORPHYRIN-CATALYZED REDUCTION; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE REDUCTION; EXCITED-STATE BEHAVIOR; FLAVIN BINDING-SITE; NAD(+) MODEL LIGAND; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; NADH MODEL; PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION AB Rhenium(I) and ruthenium(II) complexes have been successfully used for photochemical CO2 reduction to CO or formate. However, a typical turnover frequency for such reactions is <20 h(-1) and the formation of reduced species beyond CO or formate is very limited. In the case of the rhenium(I) bipyridyl tricarbonyl system, the key intermediate has been shown to decay with a first-order dependence on [CO2] to produce CO, which is the rate-determining step. The limited concentration of dissolved CO2 in organic solvents results in extremely slow CO2 reduction. To improve the reaction rate, we prepared new CO2-soluble rhenium(I) bipyridine complexes bearing fluorinated alkyl ligands and investigated their photophysical properties in CH3CN and supercritical CO2. We also investigated the properties of a metal complex with an NAD(+) model ligand, [Ru(bpy)(2)(Pbn)](2+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, pbn=2-(2-pyridyl)-benzo[b]-1,5-naphthyridine), and prepared the corresponding NADH-like complex [Ru(bpy)(2)(pbnHH)](2). upon MLCT excitation followed by reductive quenching. This species can be used as a renewable hydride donor. The electrochemical and photochemical properties, and the reactivity of these species toward CO2 reduction were investigated. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Doherty, Mark D.; Grills, David C.; Muckerman, James T.; Polyansky, Dmitry E.; Fujita, Etsuko] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fujita, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Bldg 555, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fujita@bnl.gov RI Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013; Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013; Polyansky, Dmitry/C-1993-2009; Grills, David/F-7196-2016 OI Polyansky, Dmitry/0000-0002-0824-2296; Grills, David/0000-0001-8349-9158 NR 82 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 8 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0010-8545 J9 COORDIN CHEM REV JI Coord. Chem. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 254 IS 21-22 SI SI BP 2472 EP 2482 DI 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.013 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 657CJ UT WOS:000282389100004 ER PT J AU Ge, YY Li, GB Fang, HC Zhan, XL Gu, ZG Chen, JH Sun, F Cai, YP Thallapally, PK AF Ge, Ying-Ying Li, Guo-Bi Fang, Hua-Cai Zhan, Xu-Lin Gu, Zhi-Gang Chen, Jin-Hao Sun, Feng Cai, Yue-Peng Thallapally, Praveen K. TI Auxiliary Ligand-Dependent Assembly of Several Ni/Ni-Cd Compounds with N2O2 Donor Tetradentate Symmetrical Schiff Base Ligand SO CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN LA English DT Article ID CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS; END-TO-END; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION POLYMERS; CONFORMATIONAL INFLUENCES; COPPER(II) COMPLEXES; ZINC(II) COMPLEXES; INFRARED SPECTRA; BUILDING-BLOCKS; METAL-COMPLEXES AB Several low-dimensional Ni/Ni-Cd complexes containing the N2O2 donor tetradentate symmetrical Schiff base ligand bis(acetylacetone)ethylene-diamine (sy-H2L2), namely, [Ni(sy-L-2)](2)center dot HLa center dot ClO4 (2), (HLa)(2)center dot(ClO4)center dot(NO3) (3), [Ni(sy-L-2)X](2)](4,4'-bipy) (where L-a = 5,7-dimethyl-3,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-diazepine, X = ClO4 (4), X = NO3 (5), [Ni(sy-L-2)Cd(SCN)(2)](n) (6) and [Ni(sy-L-2)center dot Cd(N-3)(2)](n) (7), have been synthesized from [Ni(sy-L-2)](2)center dot H2O (1) Complex 2 is a three-component discrete assembly generated from it (HLa)(+) moiety bridged with a [Ni(sy-L-2)] unit and ClO4- anion. A solution containing complex 2 and Cd(NO3)(2) results in a mixture of 1 and 3. Further recrystallization of 1 and 3 with various auxiliary ligands provides coordination complexes 4-7 stabilized by weak hydrogen bonds in which 6 and 7 represent the first one-dimensional heteronuclear complexes based on the symmetric acacen-base Schiff base ligand. C1 [Ge, Ying-Ying; Li, Guo-Bi; Fang, Hua-Cai; Zhan, Xu-Lin; Gu, Zhi-Gang; Chen, Jin-Hao; Sun, Feng; Cai, Yue-Peng] S China Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Environm, Key Lab Elect Technol Energy Storage, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Ge, Ying-Ying; Li, Guo-Bi; Fang, Hua-Cai; Zhan, Xu-Lin; Gu, Zhi-Gang; Chen, Jin-Hao; Sun, Feng; Cai, Yue-Peng] S China Normal Univ, Power Generat Guangdong Higher Educ Inst, Engn Res Ctr Mat & Technol Electrochem Energy Sto, Minist Educ, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Thallapally, Praveen K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cai, YP (reprint author), S China Normal Univ, Sch Chem & Environm, Key Lab Elect Technol Energy Storage, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RI thallapally, praveen/I-5026-2014 OI thallapally, praveen/0000-0001-7814-4467 FU National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China [20772037, 21071056]; Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [441 2006A 10902002, 2010B031100018]; N.S.F. of Guangdong Province [9251063101000006, 06025033] FX The authors are grateful for the financial aid From the National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China (Grant Nos. 20772037 and 21071056). Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (Grant Nos. 441 2006A 10902002 and 2010B031100018), and the N.S.F. of Guangdong Province (Grant Nos. 9251063101000006 and 06025033). NR 77 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1528-7483 J9 CRYST GROWTH DES JI Cryst. Growth Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4987 EP 4994 DI 10.1021/cg101082t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA 673AZ UT WOS:000283631900045 ER PT J AU Jiang, LL Han, XG Zhang, GM Kardol, P AF Jiang, Lili Han, Xingguo Zhang, Guangming Kardol, Paul TI The role of plant-soil feedbacks and land-use legacies in restoration of a temperate steppe in northern China SO ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Abiotic and biotic soil properties; Biogeochemistry; Land-use history; Natural experiment approach; Old-field; Secondary succession; Soil chemistry ID INNER-MONGOLIA GRASSLAND; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LOESS PLATEAU; SUCCESSION; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY AB Plant-soil feedbacks affect plant performance and plant community dynamics; however, little is known about their role in ecological restoration. Here, we studied plant-soil feedbacks in restoration of steppe vegetation after agricultural disturbance in northern China. First, we analyzed abiotic and biotic soil properties under mono-dominant plant patches in an old-field restoration site and in a 'target' steppe site. Second, we tested plant-soil feedbacks by growing plant species from these two sites on soils from con- and heterospecific origin. Soil properties generally did not differ between the old-field site and steppe site, but there were significant differences among mono-dominant plant patches within the sites. While soil species origin (i.e., the plant species beneath which the soil was collected) affected biomass of individual plant species in the feedback experiment, species-level plant-soil feedbacks were 'neutral'. Soil site origin (old-field, steppe) significantly affected biomass of old-field and steppe species. For example, old-field species had higher biomass in old-field soils than in steppe soils, indicating a positive land-use legacy. However, soil site origin effects depended on the plant species beneath which the soils were collected. The predictive value of abiotic and biotic soil properties in explaining plant biomass differed between and within groups of old-field and steppe species. We conclude that the occurrence of positive land-use legacies for old-field species may retard successional replacement of old-field species by steppe species. However, high levels of idiosyncrasy in responses of old-field and steppe plant species to con- and heterospecific soils indicate interspecific variation in the extent to which soil legacies and plant-soil feedbacks control successional species replacements in Chinese steppe ecosystems. C1 [Jiang, Lili; Han, Xingguo; Zhang, Guangming] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Lili] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Kardol, Paul] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kardol, Paul] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Han, XG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Vegetat & Environm Change, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. EM xghan@ibcas.ac.cn RI Kardol, Paul/A-2600-2010; Han, Xingguo/B-3980-2012; Kardol, Paul/N-8383-2015; Han, Xingguo/K-7552-2016 OI Kardol, Paul/0000-0001-7065-3435; Han, Xingguo/0000-0002-1836-975X FU State Key Basic Research Development Program of China [2007CB106801]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30830026, 30821062] FX This research was supported by the State Key Basic Research Development Program of China (2007CB106801) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30830026, 30821062). The authors thank Shiqiang Wan, Shuli Niu, Jianyang Xia, Weixing Liu, Wenhua Xu, Zhe Zhang, Yang Li, Haijun Yang, and Tingting Li for the help in setting up the experiment and for comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 6 U2 59 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 1-11-11 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0912-3814 J9 ECOL RES JI Ecol. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1111 DI 10.1007/s11284-010-0735-x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 682SB UT WOS:000284422200006 ER PT J AU Salice, CJ Anderson, TA Roesijadi, G AF Salice, Christopher J. Anderson, Todd A. Roesijadi, G. TI Adaptive responses and latent costs of multigeneration cadmium exposure in parasite resistant and susceptible strains of a freshwater snail SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Adaptation; Metals; Costs of adaptation; Invertebrate; Snail ID CHIRONOMUS-RIPARIUS DIPTERA; KILLIFISH HETERANDRIA-FORMOSA; BIOMPHALARIA-GLABRATA; RAPID EVOLUTION; LEAST KILLIFISH; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; INDIVIDUAL FITNESS; METAL AB Population response to anthropogenic activities will be influenced by prior adaptation to environmental conditions. We tested how parasite-resistant and -susceptible strains of the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, responded to cadmium and elevated temperature challenges after having been exposed to low-level cadmium continuously for multiple generations. Snails exposed to cadmium for three generations were removed for the fourth generation, and challenged in the fifth generation with (1) chronic cadmium exposure over the entire life cycle; (2) lethal cadmium exposure of adults; and (3) elevated temperature challenge of adults. The parasite susceptible NMRI strain is more cadmium tolerant than the parasite resistant BS90 strain and remained more tolerant than BS90 throughout this study. Additionally, NMRI exhibited greater adaptive capacity for cadmium than BS90 and became more tolerant of both chronic and lethal cadmium challenges, while BS90 became more tolerant of lethal cadmium challenge only. Fitness costs, reflected in population growth rate, were not apparent in fifth generation snails maintained in control conditions. However, costs were latent and expressed as decreased tolerance to a secondarily imposed temperature stress. Adaptation to prior selection pressures can influence subsequent adaptation to anthropogenic stresses and may have associated costs that reduce fitness in novel environments. C1 [Salice, Christopher J.; Anderson, Todd A.] Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Roesijadi, G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Energy Directorate, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Salice, CJ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Inst Environm & Human Hlth, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM chris.salice@ttu.edu; todd.anderson@ttu.edu; g.roesijadi@pnl.gov FU NIH [T32 ES-7263]; Graduate Student Association, University of Maryland, Baltimore FX We would like to thank David Rogowski, Jonathan Maul and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments on previous drafts of the manuscript. Support from the following organizations is acknowledged: NIH Training Grant T32 ES-7263 to the Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, and the Graduate Student Association, University of Maryland, Baltimore. Fred Lewis of the Biomedical Research Institute kindly provided snails and husbandry advice. This study was conducted at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 8 BP 1466 EP 1475 DI 10.1007/s10646-010-0532-x PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 681ZN UT WOS:000284363800010 PM 20703799 ER PT J AU Comstock, DJ Christensen, ST Elam, JW Pellin, MJ Hersam, MC AF Comstock, David J. Christensen, Steven T. Elam, Jeffrey W. Pellin, Michael J. Hersam, Mark C. TI Synthesis of nanoporous activated iridium oxide films by anodized aluminum oxide templated atomic layer deposition SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Iridium; Iridium oxide; Atomic layer deposition; Anodized aluminum oxide; Templated deposition; Nanoporous ID CHARGE-INJECTION LIMITS; NEURAL STIMULATION; ELECTRODES; PH; MICROELECTRODES; PULSES; SALINE; AIROF; IR AB Iridium oxide (IrOx) has been widely studied due to its applications in electrochromic devices, pH sensing, and neural stimulation. Previous work has demonstrated that both Ir and IrOx films with porous morphologies prepared by sputtering exhibit significantly enhanced charge storage capacities. However, sputtering provides only limited control over film porosity. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative scheme for synthesizing nanoporous Ir and activated IrOx films (AIROFs). This scheme utilizes atomic layer deposition to deposit a thin conformal It film within a nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide template. The It film is then activated by potential cycling in 0.1 M H2SO4 to form a nanoporous AIROF. The morphologies and electrochemical properties of the films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry, respectively. The resulting nanoporous AIROFs exhibit a nanoporous morphology and enhanced cathodal charge storage capacities as large as 311 mC/cm(2). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hersam, Mark C.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Christensen, Steven T.; Elam, Jeffrey W.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Pellin, Michael J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hersam, MC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 2220 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-hersam@northwestern.edu RI Hersam, Mark/B-6739-2009; Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 FU Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-05-1-0177]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECS-0609064]; NSF-NSEC; NSF-MRSEC; Keck Foundation; State of Illinois; Northwestern University; NDSEG Fellowship; UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Army Research Office (ARO W911NF-05-1-0177) and the National Science Foundation (NSF ECS-0609064). This research made use of public facilities within the NUANCE Center, which is supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. D. J. Comstock further acknowledges support from an NDSEG Fellowship. Argonne National Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 by UChicago Argonne, LLC. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1543 EP 1546 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.08.029 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 682FF UT WOS:000284386100023 ER PT J AU Song, SQ Taniguchi, K Sun, L Cai, ZH AF Song, Shuangqi Taniguchi, Karen Sun, Li Cai, Zhonghou TI In situ study of electrochemical processes of metal nano-nuclei formation, growth, and stability on single carbon microfiber for surface multifunctionalization SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Electrodeposition; Carbon fiber; In situ; XRD; Nucleation ID ALUMINUM-MATRIX; NI FILMS; COMPOSITES; GRAPHITE; FIBERS; ELECTRODEPOSITION; KINETICS; COPPER; STM; CU AB With better understanding and control of metal layer formation on carbon surface, the electrical, magnetic, thermal, interfacial, and catalytic characteristics of carbon-based micro- and nanomaterials can be further improved for large-scale engineering applications. Experiments demonstrated that controlled metal electrodeposition on micro- and nanocarbon fibers can be realized in a cost-effective and reproducible fashion. Microbeam synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence techniques have been developed to provide in situ characterization capabilities to reveal the nuclei formation and growth processes on individual carbon microfibers with size, distribution, and microstructural information. The nuclei stability of the metal deposit is found to have strong dependence on its size as well as the deposition condition. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Song, Shuangqi; Taniguchi, Karen; Sun, Li] Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Sun, Li] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Supercond, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Cai, Zhonghou] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, L (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Mech Engn, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM lsun4@uh.edu FU Alliance for Nano-Health [CMMI-0800866, W81XWH-09-2-0139]; U.S. Department of Energy Sciences, Office of Science [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Financial supports from NSF award CMMI-0800866 and DOD TATRC award W81XWH-09-2-0139 through the Alliance for Nano-Health are gratefully acknowledged. Use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1555 EP 1558 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.08.032 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 682FF UT WOS:000284386100026 ER PT J AU Kim, D Kang, SH Balasubramanian, M Johnson, CS AF Kim, Donghan Kang, Sun-Ho Balasubramanian, Mahalingam Johnson, Christopher S. TI High-energy and high-power Li-rich nickel manganese oxide electrode materials SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Sodium; Lithium batteries; Ion exchange; Oxides ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; ION BATTERIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; MN; NI; LIMNO2 AB A lithium-rich nickel-manganese oxide compound Li(x)(Ni(0.25)Mn(0.75))O(y) (x>1) was synthesized from layered Na(0.9)U(0.3)Ni(0.25)Mn(0.75)O(8) precursor using a lithium ion-exchange reaction. The electrochemical behavior of the material as a cathode for lithium batteries, and a preliminary discussion of its structure are reported. The product Li(1.32)Na(0.02)Ni(0.25)Mn(0.75)O(y) (IE-LNMO) shows broad X-ray diffraction peaks, but possesses a high intensity sharp (003) layering peak and multiple peaks with intensity in the 20-23 degrees 2 theta region which suggest Ni-Mn ordering in the transition metal layer (TM). Li/IE-LNMO cells demonstrate very stable reversible capacities of 220 mAh/g @ 15 mA/g and possess extremely high power of 150 mAh/g @ 1500 mA/g (15C). The Li/IE-LNMO cell dQ/dV plot exhibits three reversible electrochemical processes due to Ni/Mn redox behavior in a layered component, and Mn redox exchange in a spinel component. No alteration in the dQ/dV curves and no detectable change in the voltage profiles over 40 cycles were observed, thus indicating a stable structure for lithium insertion/extraction. This new material is attractive for demanding Li-ion battery applications. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Balasubramanian, Mahalingam] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cjohnson@anl.gov RI Kang, Sun-Ho/E-7570-2010 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; USDOE-Basic Energy Sciences; NSERC-Canada; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Financial support from the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 is gratefully acknowledged. Work at PNC/XSD facilities at the Advanced Photon Source, and research at these facilities, are supported by the USDOE-Basic Energy Sciences, NSERC-Canada and its founding institutions.; The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 19 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 9 U2 148 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1618 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.09.009 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 682FF UT WOS:000284386100041 ER PT J AU Kim, S Yan, JL Schwenzer, B Zhang, JL Li, LY Liu, J Yang, ZG Hickner, MA AF Kim, Soowhan Yan, Jingling Schwenzer, Birgit Zhang, Jianlu Li, Liyu Liu, Jun Yang, Zhenguo (Gary) Hickner, Michael A. TI Cycling performance and efficiency of sulfonated poly(sulfone) membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Sulfonated Radel; Poly(phenylsulfone) membrane; Vanadium redox flow battery; Vanadium ion permeability ID FUEL-CELLS; NAFION MEMBRANE; POLYMERIZATION AB As an alternative to Nafion (R) ion exchange membrane, an inexpensive commercially-available Radel (R) polymer was sulfonated, fabricated into a thin membrane, and evaluated for its performance in a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The sulfonated Radel (S-Radel) membrane showed almost an order of magnitude lower permeability of VO(2+) ions (2.07 x 10(-7) cm(2)/min), compared to Nafion 117 (1.29 x 10(-6) cm(2)/min), resulting in better coulombic efficiency (-98% vs. 95% at 50 mA/cm(2)) and lower capacity loss per cycle. Even though the S-Radel membrane had a slightly higher membrane resistance, the energy efficiency of the VRFB with the S-Radel membrane was comparable to that of Nafion because of its better coulombic efficiency resulting from the lower vanadium ion crossover. The S-Radel membrane exhibited good performance up to 40 cycles, but a decline in performance at later cycles was observed, likely as a result of membrane degradation. Published by Elsevier BM. C1 [Kim, Soowhan; Schwenzer, Birgit; Zhang, Jianlu; Li, Liyu; Liu, Jun; Yang, Zhenguo (Gary); Hickner, Michael A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yan, Jingling] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM soowhan.kim@pnl.gov; hickner@matse.psu.edu OI Schwenzer, Birgit/0000-0002-7872-1372 FU Office of Electricity, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The work is supported by the Office of Electricity (OE Delivery & Energy Reliability (OE), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. M. A. Hickner thanks Solvay Advanced Polymers for the donation of Radel polymer. NR 18 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 14 U2 83 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 12 IS 11 BP 1650 EP 1653 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.09.018 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 682FF UT WOS:000284386100049 ER PT J AU Delacote, C Lewera, A Pisarek, M Kulesza, PJ Zelenay, P Alonso-Vante, N AF Delacote, Cyril Lewera, Adam Pisarek, Marcin Kulesza, Pawel J. Zelenay, Piotr Alonso-Vante, Nicolas TI The effect of diluting ruthenium by iron in RuxSey catalyst for oxygen reduction SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Spring Meeting of the International-Society-of-Electrochemistry on Recent Advances in Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis CY MAR 22-25, 2009 CL Szczyrk, POLAND SP Int Soc Electrochem DE Ruthenium; Chalcogenide; Iron; ORR; XPS ID METHANOL TOLERANT CATALYSTS; SUPPORTED RU-SE; IN-SITU EXAFS; FUEL-CELL; CHALCOGENIDE ELECTROCATALYSTS; ACTIVE-CENTERS; DMFC CATHODES; NANOPARTICLES; CARBONYL; SELENIUM AB This study has focused on the synthesis of novel oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) chalcogenide catalysts, with Ru partially replaced by Fe in a cluster-type RuxSey. The catalysts were obtained by thermal decomposition of Ru-3(CO)(12) and Fe(CO)(5) in the presence of Se. As indicated by the XPS data, the composition of catalyst nanoparticles depends on the solvent used (either p-xylene or dichlorobenzene). The presence of iron in synthesized catalysts has been confirmed by both EDAX and XPS. Voltammetric activation of the catalysts results in a partial removal of iron and unreacted selenium from the surface. The ORR performance of electrochemically pre-treated catalysts was evaluated using rotating disk and ring-disk electrodes in a sulfuric acid solution. No major change in the ORR mechanism relative to the Se/Ru catalyst has been observed with Fe-containing catalysts. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Delacote, Cyril; Alonso-Vante, Nicolas] Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Lab Electrocatalysis, F-86022 Poitiers, France. [Delacote, Cyril] Univ Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, F-44322 Nantes 3, France. [Lewera, Adam; Kulesza, Pawel J.] Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, PL-02093 Warsaw, Poland. [Pisarek, Marcin] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. [Zelenay, Piotr] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alonso-Vante, N (reprint author), Univ Poitiers, CNRS, Lab Electrocatalysis, 40 Ave Recteur Pineau, F-86022 Poitiers, France. EM nicolas.alonso.vante@univ-poitiers.fr RI Lewera, Adam/D-7169-2012; OI Lewera, Adam/0000-0003-1290-056X; Alonso-Vante, Nicolas/0000-0002-6311-9258 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 19 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 26 SI SI BP 7575 EP 7580 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.029 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 667QX UT WOS:000283209800005 ER PT J AU Piela, B Olson, TS Atanassov, P Zelenay, P AF Piela, Barbara Olson, Tim S. Atanassov, Plamen Zelenay, Piotr TI Highly methanol-tolerant non-precious metal cathode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Spring Meeting of the International-Society-of-Electrochemistry on Recent Advances in Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis CY MAR 22-25, 2009 CL Szczyrk, POLAND SP Int Soc Electrochem DE Oxygen reduction reaction; Non-precious metal catalyst; Direct methanol fuel cell; Electrocatalysis; Methanol tolerance ID FE-BASED CATALYSTS; OXYGEN REDUCTION CATALYSTS; RING-DISK ELECTRODES; ACTIVE-SITES; MIXED-REACTANT; O-2 REDUCTION; CARBON-BLACK; TOF-SIMS; ELECTROCATALYSIS; COBALT AB This work reports on the oxygen reduction activity of several non-precious metal (non-PGM) catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the fuel cell cathode, including pyrolyzed CoTPP, FeTPP, H(2)TMPP, and CoTMPP. Of the studied catalysts. pyrolyzed CoTMPP (Co-tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin) was found to perform significantly better than other materials. The catalyst underwent a thorough testing in both hydrogen-air polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) and direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). It was found that CoTMPP cathode can sustain currents that are only 2-3 times lower than those obtained with a conventional Pt-black cathode in an H(2)-air PEFC. DMFC experiments, including methanol crossover and methanol tolerance measurements, indicate high ORR selectivity of the CoTMPP catalyst. Based on results obtained to date, the CoTMPP-based catalyst offers promise for the use in conventional and mixed-reactant DMFCs operating with concentrated methanol feeds. However, hydrogen-air fuel cell life data, consisting of over 800 h of continuous cell operation, indicate that improvement to long-term stability of the CoTMPP catalyst will be required to make it practical. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Olson, Tim S.; Atanassov, Plamen] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Piela, Barbara; Zelenay, Piotr] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Atanassov, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM plamen@unm.edu; zelenay@lanl.gov RI Atanassov, Plamen/G-4616-2011 NR 51 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 41 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 55 IS 26 SI SI BP 7615 EP 7621 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.085 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 667QX UT WOS:000283209800011 ER PT J AU He, K Lei, Y Pan, X Zhang, Y Zhang, Q Chen, D AF He, K. Lei, Y. Pan, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Q. Chen, D. TI Co-benefits from energy policies in China SO ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Co-benefits; Energy policies; Scenario analysis ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MORTALITY; CITIES AB The rapid growth in coal and oil consumption has led to increasing emissions of greenhouse gases as well as air pollutants in China. In response to this, the Chinese government has begun to formulate policies to retard the increasing use of energy consumption and to improve air quality. This paper attempts to quantify the co-benefits of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improving air quality from policies that are originally formulated to improve energy efficiency and to abate emissions of air pollutants from energy use. The present authors have developed an integrated approach, combining an energy projection model, an emission estimation model, an air quality simulation model, and a health benefit evaluation model, to assess the co-benefits of two different sets of energy policies of China. The modeling results show that significant benefits, including 1469 million tonnes of reduced emissions of CO2, 12-32% decline in air pollutant concentrations, and more than 100 billion US$ of health benefit, can be achieved around the year 2030 if aggressive energy policies are implemented. The analyses suggest that such energy policies could do a lot of benefit to the environment. Moreover, better industry structure and energy structure is essential for higher air quality. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [He, K.; Lei, Y.; Zhang, Q.; Chen, D.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Pan, X.; Zhang, Y.] Peking Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Q.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP He, K (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM hekb@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Zhang, Qiang/D-9034-2012; Lei, Yu/G-6247-2013; lei, yu/D-3274-2016; Chen, Dan/R-4486-2016 FU US-EPA; National Natural Science Foundation of China [90410016] FX The research project based on which this paper is developed is funded by the US-EPA's Integrated Environmental Strategies program and supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (90410016). NR 32 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 EI 1873-6785 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 SI SI BP 4265 EP 4272 DI 10.1016/j.energy.2008.07.021 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 684CF UT WOS:000284523900003 ER PT J AU Tsao, JM Hu, SC Xu, TF Chan, DYL AF Tsao, Jhy-Ming Hu, Shih-Cheng Xu, Tengfang Chan, David Y. L. TI Capturing energy-saving opportunities in make-up air systems for cleanrooms of high-technology fabrication plant in subtropical climate SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Energy conservation; Energy recovery; Cleanroom; Make-up air unit (MAU); Humidification ID PIPE HEAT-EXCHANGER; CONSUMPTION; RECOVERY; FABS AB Operation of make-up air units (MAUs) for cleanrooms of high-technology fabrication plant in subtropical climates is very energy intensive, in that it is expected to deliver conditioned air at elevated airflow rates, compared to conventional commercial applications. Optimizing the design of MAU via reducing or displacing mechanical cooling or electrical heating processes can improve energy efficiency in cleanrooms since cleanroom air-conditioning systems typically use 30-65% of the total energy consumption in a high-tech fabrication plant [1]. This paper investigates the difference in energy efficiency performance of MAU systems with different pre-cooling and preheating/humidification schemes. Additionally, a comparative study was carried out for humidification schemes including wet media, directly atomized water, steam, and two-phase flow. The results show that energy recovery by DCC water return method exhibits the best energy efficiency among a total of eight schemes evaluated in this study. In addition, wet media scheme is the best humidification scheme in winter time, compared with the other three types of humidification schemes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsao, Jhy-Ming; Hu, Shih-Cheng] Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Energy & Refrigerating Air Conditioning Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Xu, Tengfang] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Int Energy Studies Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. [Chan, David Y. L.] Ind Technol Res Inst, Energy & Environm Labs, Hinchu, Taiwan. RP Hu, SC (reprint author), Natl Taipei Univ Technol, Dept Energy & Refrigerating Air Conditioning Engn, 1,Sec 3,Chung Hsiao E Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM schu.ntut@gmail.com NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 EI 1872-6178 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2005 EP 2013 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.06.009 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 657HW UT WOS:000282404800006 ER PT J AU Li, G Moridis, GJ Zhang, KN Li, XS AF Li, Gang Moridis, George J. Zhang, Keni Li, Xiao-Sen TI Evaluation of Gas Production Potential from Marine Gas Hydrate Deposits in Shenhu Area of South China Sea SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID METHANE HYDRATE; SIMULATION; SEDIMENTS; ZONE; WELL AB The Shenhu Area is located in the Pearl River Mouth Basin the northern continental slope of the South China Sea In 2007 gas hydrate samples were recovered during the scientific expedition conducted by the China Geological Survey in the area Using numerical simulation and currently available data from site measurements including the water depth, thickness of the hydrate bearing layer (HBL) sediment porosity, salinity, and pressures and temperatures at key locations, we developed preliminarily estimates of the production potential of these hydrates as gas-producing resource We used measurements of ambient temperature in the sediments to determine the local geothermal gradient Evidence from this and other field studies showed that the initial pressure distribution followed the hydrostatic gradient Direct measurements from core samples provided estimates of the initial hydrate saturation and of the intrinsic permeabilities in the various strata of the system The hydrate accumulations in the Shenhu Area appear to be hydrate deposits involving a single HBL within fine textured sediments and boundaries (overburden and underburden layers) which have the same intrinsic permeabilities with the HBL We investigated gas production from the Shenhu hydrates by means of depressurization and thermal stimulation using a single horizontal well placed in the middle of the HBL The simulation results indicated that the hydrates dissociate along cylindrical Interfaces around the well and along horizontal dissociation interfaces at the top and bottom of the HBL Production is invariably lower than that attainable in a confined system, and thermal stimulation is shown to affect only a limited region around the well The sensitivity analysis demonstrates the dependence of production on the level of depressurization, the initial hydrate saturation, the intrinsic permeability of the HBL, the temperature of the well, and the initial temperature of the HBL A general observation is that gas production is low and is burdened with significant water production, making the hydrate accumulations at the Shenhu Area unattractive production targets with current technology C1 [Li, Gang; Li, Xiao-Sen] Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Energy Convers, Key Lab Renewable Energy & Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. [Moridis, George J.; Zhang, Keni] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, XS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Energy Convers, Key Lab Renewable Energy & Gas Hydrate, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. RI Li, Xiaosen/H-2002-2013 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [20773133, 51004089, 51076155]; CAS [KGCX2 YW 3X6, YZ200717]; Science & Technology Program of Guangdong Province [2009B050600006]; Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the U S Department of Energy [DE AC02 05CH11231] FX This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 20773133 51004089, and 51076155) CAS Knowledge Innovation Program (Grant KGCX2 YW 3X6), Science & Technology Program of Guangdong Province (Grant 2009B050600006), and CAS Magnitude Science and Technology Apparatus Development Program (Grant YZ200717) which are gratefully acknowledged The contribution of G J Mondis was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy Office of Natural Gas and Petroleum Technology, through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, under the U S Department of Energy, Contract No DE AC02 05CH11231 The authors are indebted to Matt Reagan and Dan Hawkes for their insightful comments NR 34 TC 51 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV PY 2010 VL 24 BP 6018 EP 6033 DI 10.1021/ef100930m PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 694AE UT WOS:000285265800023 ER PT J AU Zhou, N Levine, MD Price, L AF Zhou, Nan Levine, Mark D. Price, Lynn TI Overview of current energy-efficiency policies in China SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE China; Energy-efficiency; Energy intensity AB From 1970 to 2001, China was able to significantly limit energy demand growth through aggressive energy-efficiency programs. Energy use per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) declined by approximately 5% per year during this period. However, the period 2002-2005 saw energy use per unit of GDP increase an average of 3.8% per year. To stem this out-of-control growth in energy demand, in November 2005 the Chinese government enunciated a mandatory goal of 20% reduction of energy intensity between 2006 and 2010. The National People's Congress passed legislation identifying the National Reform and Development Commission as the lead agency to design and carry out programs in support of this goal. These policies and programs, created after almost a decade of decline of the energy-efficiency policy apparatus, have had considerable impact. Although initial efforts have not been sufficient to meet the annual declines required to reach the ambitious 20% energy intensity target, the latest reports indicate that China may now be on track to meet this goal. The paper provides an assessment of these policies and programs to begin to understand issues that will play a critical role in China's energy and economic future. Activities undertaken in China will have a significant influence on the global effort to reduce the growth, and later the absolute quantity, of greenhouse gas emissions. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhou, Nan; Levine, Mark D.; Price, Lynn] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, China Energy Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhou, N (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, China Energy Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM NZhou@lbl.gov FU Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The work described in this report was funded by the Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would also like to thank collaborators in China who have given of their time and expertise to contribute to this article: Lu Xinming and Lv Wenbin of the National Development and Reform Commission, Jiang Yun of the China Energy Conservation Association, Fu Zhihua of the Research Institute for Fiscal Science in the Ministry of Finance, David Moskovitz of Regulatory Assistance Project, Shao Jie and Hu Qiying of Azure International. We also express our appreciation to David Fridley and Nathaniel Aden in LBNL's China Energy Group for valuable contributions to this paper. In addition, Joe Huang, LBNL retiree and consultant, provided useful information about building energy-efficiency policies in China. NR 73 TC 131 Z9 132 U1 5 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 SI SI BP 6439 EP 6452 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.015 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672CZ UT WOS:000283561900007 ER PT J AU Price, L Wang, XJ Yun, JA AF Price, Lynn Wang, Xuejun Yun, Jiang TI The challenge of reducing energy consumption of the Top-1000 largest industrial enterprises in China SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE Top-1000; Industrial energy efficiency; China AB In 2005, the Chinese government announced an ambitious goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) by 20% between 2005 and 2010. One of the key initiatives for realizing this goal is the Top-1000 Energy-Consuming Enterprises program. The energy consumption of these 1000 enterprises accounted for 33% of national and 47% of industrial energy usage in 2004. Under the Top-1000 program, 2010 energy consumption targets were determined for each enterprise. The objective of this article is to evaluate the program design and initial results, given limited information and data, to understand the possible implications of its success in terms of energy and carbon dioxide emission reductions and to recommend future program modifications based on international experience with similar target-setting agreement programs. Even though the Top-1000 program was designed and implemented rapidly, it appears that - depending upon the GDP growth rate - it could contribute to somewhere between approximately 10% and 25% of the savings required to support China's efforts to meet a 20% reduction in energy use per unit of GDP by 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Price, Lynn] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, China Energy Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wang, Xuejun] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Yun, Jiang] China Energy Conservat Assoc, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Price, L (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, China Energy Grp, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM LKPrice@lbl.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We would like to thank the Energy Foundation's China Sustainable Energy Program for support for our efforts related to providing technical and policy support for the Top-1000 program. The China Sustainable Energy Program provides support to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory through the Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We would also like to thank Dow Chemical Company for its support related to information collection and analysis for this paper. In addition, we would like to thank Mark Levine, Zhou Nan, Ernst Worrell, and Kornelis Blok for their helpful review and comments. NR 58 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 SI SI BP 6485 EP 6498 DI 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.02.036 PG 14 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672CZ UT WOS:000283561900011 ER PT J AU Kheng, E Iyer, HR Podsiadlo, P Kaushik, AK Kotov, NA Arruda, EM Waas, AM AF Kheng, E. Iyer, H. R. Podsiadlo, P. Kaushik, A. K. Kotov, N. A. Arruda, E. M. Waas, A. M. TI Fracture toughness of exponential layer-by-layer polyurethane/poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite films SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Nanocomposite; Fracture toughness; Thin film; Finite strain; Finite elements ID CONSTITUTIVE MODEL; STRETCH BEHAVIOR; DEFORMATION AB This paper characterizes the fracture toughness of layer-by-layer (LBL) manufactured thin films with elastic polyurethane, a tough polymer, and poly(acrylic acid) as a stiffening agent. A single-edge-notch tension (SENT) specimen is used to study mode I crack propagation as a function of applied loading. Experimental results for the full-field time histories of the strain maps in the fracturing film have been analyzed to obtain R-curve parameters for the nanocomposite. In particular, by using the strain maps, details of the traction law arc measured. A validated finite strain phenomenological visco-plastic constitutive model is used to characterize the nanocomposite film while a discrete cohesive zone model (DCZM) is implemented to model the fracture behavior. The LBL manufactured nanocomposite is found to display a higher fracture toughness than the unstiffened base polymer. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kheng, E.; Iyer, H. R.; Kaushik, A. K.; Arruda, E. M.; Waas, A. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Waas, A. M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Podsiadlo, P.; Kotov, N. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Podsiadlo, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Waas, AM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM dcw@umich.edu RI Kaushik, Amit/F-2655-2012; OI Kotov, Nicholas/0000-0002-6864-5804 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 77 IS 16 BP 3227 EP 3245 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.08.006 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 693IP UT WOS:000285218100012 ER PT J AU Miller, AW Rodriguez, DR Honeyman, BD AF Miller, Andrew W. Rodriguez, Derrick R. Honeyman, Bruce D. TI Upscaling Sorption/Desorption Processes in Reactive Transport Models To Describe Metal/Radionuclide Transport: A Critical Review SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACE; VARIABLE CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; SURFACE COMPLEXATION MODELS; AMORPHOUS IRON OXYHYDROXIDE; SOLUTE-TRANSPORT; URANIUM(VI) SORPTION; PORE-SCALE; INTERMEDIATE-SCALE; REACTION-RATES AB Models are a mainstay of the environmental sciences; they allow for both deeper understanding of process knowledge and, to a limited extent, predictive capabilities of current day inputs on the future. Mathematical codes have become increasingly complex with explicit inclusion of many processes that could not be accounted for using simpler solving techniques. And yet, for metal/radionuclide transport in subsurface systems, the inclusion of smaller scale processes in a numerical solver do not always lead to better descriptions of larger scale behavior. The reasons for this are many, but included in this review are the following: unknowable conceptual model errors, discrepancy in the scale of model discretization relative to the scale of the chemical/physical process, and omnipresent chemical and physical heterogeneities. Although it is commonly thought that larger, more complex systems require more complex models to gain insight and predictive capability, there is little to no experimental evidence supporting this thought. Indeed, the evidence points to the fact that larger systems can be well described with simple models. To test this thought and to appreciate the incorporation of scaling behaviors into reactive transport modeling, new experiments are needed that are intermediate in scale between the more traditional bench and field scales. C1 [Miller, Andrew W.; Rodriguez, Derrick R.; Honeyman, Bruce D.] Colorado Sch, Mines Environm Sci & Engn Div, Golden, CO 80033 USA. RP Miller, AW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. EM andmill@sandia.gov FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64233] FX This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number: DE-FG02-06ER64233. The manuscript benefited greatly from thoughtful considerations of three anonymous reviewers. The manuscript also benefitted from ongoing conversations between the authors and Jim Davis and Gary Curtis of the USGS, Menlo Park, CA. NR 131 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 7996 EP 8007 DI 10.1021/es101822v PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000008 PM 20942399 ER PT J AU Plevin, RJ O'Hare, M Jones, AD Torn, MS Gibbs, HK AF Plevin, Richard J. O'Hare, Michael Jones, Andrew D. Torn, Margaret S. Gibbs, Holly K. TI Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Biofuels' Indirect Land Use Change Are Uncertain but May Be Much Greater than Previously Estimated SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFORESTATION AB The life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions induced by increased biofuel consumption are highly uncertain: individual estimates vary from each other and each has a wide intrinsic error band. Using a reduced-form model, we estimated that the bounding range for emissions from indirect land-use change (ILUC) from US corn ethanol expansion was 10 to 340 g CO(2) MJ(-1). Considering various probability distributions to model parameters, the broadest 95% central interval, i.e., between the 2.5 and 97.5%ile values, ranged from 21 to 142 g CO(2)e MJ(-1) ILUC emissions from US corn ethanol expansion thus range from small, but not negligible, to several times greater than the life cycle emissions of gasoline. The ILUC emissions estimates of 30 g CO(2) MJ(-1) for the California Air Resources Board and 34 g CO(2)e MJ(-1) by USEPA (for 2022) are at the low end of the plausible range. The lack of data and understanding (epistemic uncertainty) prevents convergence of judgment on a central value for ILUC emissions. The complexity of the global system being modeled suggests that this range is unlikely to narrow substantially in the near future. Fuel policies that require narrow bounds around point estimates of life cycle GHG emissions are thus incompatible with current and anticipated modeling capabilities. Alternative policies that address the risks associated with uncertainty are more likely to achieve GHG reductions. C1 [Plevin, Richard J.; O'Hare, Michael; Jones, Andrew D.; Torn, Margaret S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [O'Hare, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Goldman Sch Publ Policy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Torn, Margaret S.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gibbs, Holly K.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Program Food Secur & Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Plevin, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Energy & Resources Grp, 310 Barrows Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM plevin@berkeley.edu RI Jones, Andrew/M-4363-2013; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Jones, Andrew/0000-0002-1913-7870; FU California Air Resources Board; Clean Air Task Force and National Wildlife Federation; David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; USEPA FX The authors thank Jeremy Martin for his helpful feedback on early drafts and Vincent Camobreco of USEPA and Robert Beach of RTI International for help interpreting USEPA's modeling results. This work was supported in part by the California Air Resources Board (RP and MO), the Clean Air Task Force and National Wildlife Federation (RP), the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship Program (FIG), the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (M.T. and A.J.), and the USEPA's Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program (A.J.). The work does not necessarily represent the views of the funders. NR 33 TC 167 Z9 168 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8015 EP 8021 DI 10.1021/es101946t PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000010 PM 20942480 ER PT J AU Rod, KA Um, W Flury, M AF Rod, Kenton A. Um, Wooyong Flury, Markus TI Transport of Strontium and Cesium in Simulated Hanford Tank Waste Leachate through Quartz Sand under Saturated and Unsaturated Flow SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYPERALKALINE CONDITIONS; PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS; SEDIMENTS; PRECIPITATION; DISSOLUTION; CANCRINITE; MIGRATION; SODALITE; KAOLINITE; ALKALINE AB We investigated the effects of water saturation and secondary precipitate formation on Sr and Cs transport through quartz sand columns under saturated and unsaturated flow. Column experiments were conducted at effective water saturation ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 under steady-state flow using either 0.1 M NaNO(3) or simulated tank waste leachate (STWL; 1 M NaNO(3) and 1 M NaOH) mimicking Hanford (Washington, USA) tank waste. In 0.1 M NaNO(3) columns, Sr transported like a conservative tracer, whereas Cs was retarded relative to Sr. The transport of Sr and Cs in the 0.1 M NaNO(3) columns under all water saturations could be described with the equilibrium convection-dispersion equation (COE). In STWL columns, Sr mobility was significantly reduced compared to the 0.1 M NaNO(3) column, because Sr was incorporated into or sorbed to neo-formed secondary precipitates. Strontium sequestration by precipitates was confirmed by additional batch and electron micrograph analyses. In contrast, the transport of Cs was less affected by the STWL; retardation of Cs in STWL columns was similar to that found in 0.1 M NaNO(3) columns. Analysis of STWL column data revealed that both Sr and Cs breakthrough curves showed nonideal behavior that suggest nonequilibrium conditions, although nonlinear geochemical behavior cannot be ruled out. C1 [Rod, Kenton A.; Um, Wooyong; Flury, Markus] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Rod, Kenton A.] Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Um, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K3-62,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wooyong.um@pnl.gov RI Flury, Markus/H-2983-2012 OI Flury, Markus/0000-0002-3344-3962 FU Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER64190]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX Funding was provided by the Department of Energy's Environmental Remediation Science Program # DE-FG02-06ER64190. Micro-XRF/XRD works were done by Sunkyung Choi at the University of California, Merced. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8089 EP 8094 DI 10.1021/es903223x PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000021 PM 20886862 ER PT J AU Jun, YS Lee, B Waychunas, GA AF Jun, Young-Shin Lee, Byeongdu Waychunas, Glenn A. TI In Situ Observations of Nanoparticle Early Development Kinetics at Mineral-Water Interfaces SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IRON-OXIDES; REAL-TIME; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; SCATTERING; DISSOLUTION; PRECURSORS; TRANSPORT; SIZE AB The early development of nanoparticles at mineral-water interfaces exerts crucial influences on the sequestration and transport of aqueous toxic species originating from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation often occur simultaneously, making it difficult to sort out whether toxic species are transported as free species, sorbed on nanoparticle surfaces, or trapped between aggregated nanoparticles. Here, using a newly developed X-ray scattering setup, we show how homogeneous nucleation and growth can be quantitatively separated from heterogeneous processes under aqueous conditions in real-time. Under conditions found in acid-mine-drainage (at pH 3.6 and [Fe(3+)] =10(-4) M), heterogeneous nucleation of iron oxide nanoparticles on quartz dominated homogeneous nucleation by a factor of 192 (by par-fide volume). The smallest heterogeneously formed nanoparticles had radii of 1.7 +/- 0.5 nm, significantly smaller than the size estimated using classical nucleation theory (CNT). Based on the data, the dominant nucleation and growth mechanisms of iron oxide nanoparticles depending on ionic strength were presented. Our findings have implications for the formation and transport of nanoparticles, and thus toxins, in both environmental and biological systems. C1 [Jun, Young-Shin; Lee, Byeongdu] Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Waychunas, Glenn A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jun, YS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Chem Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM ysjun@seas.wustl.edu OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU NSF-DOE Environmental Molecular Science Institute at Pennsylvania State University; Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research; International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy & Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis; Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Jun and Waychunas acknowledge funding from the joint NSF-DOE Environmental Molecular Science Institute at Pennsylvania State University, supported by the Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Jun acknowledges support from the International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy & Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis and from the Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award. We also thank Dr. Sonke Seifert at APS sector 12ID-C and Drs. Michael Toney and Thomas M. Weiss for help with SSRL beamline conditions and for useful discussions. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 40 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8182 EP 8189 DI 10.1021/es101491e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000036 PM 20932004 ER PT J AU Shang, JY Liu, CX Wang, ZM Wu, H Zhu, KK Li, JA Liu, J AF Shang, Jianying Liu, Chongxuan Wang, Zheming Wu, Hong Zhu, Kake Li, Juan Liu, Jun TI In-Situ Measurements of Engineered Nanoporous Particle Transport in Saturated Porous Media SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNFAVORABLE CHEMICAL CONDITIONS; COLLOID FILTRATION THEORY; FUNCTIONALIZED MONOLAYERS; QUARTZ SAND; MOBILIZATION; ATTACHMENT; DEPOSITION; KINETICS; MINIMUM AB Engineered nanoporous particles have become an important class of nanostructured materials that have been increasingly applied in energy, biomedical, and environmental researches and industries. The internal pore surfaces in the particles can be chemically functionalized for environmental applications to sequestrate metals and radionuclide contaminants from groundwater. The fate and transport of the nanoporous particles in subsurface environments, however, have not been studied. Here we present a scanning optical fiber fluorescence profiler that can be used to in situ monitor the transport of fluorescent particles in column systems. Engineered nanoporous silicate particles (ENSPs) that were covalently bounded with fluorescence-emitting, and uranium-chelating ligands in the intraparticle pore domains were synthesized and used as an example to investigate nanoporous particle transport and to demonstrate the application of the developed in situ measurement profiler. The profiler detected an "irreversible" or slowly detached fraction of ENSPs in a sand collector even under thermodynamically unfavorable conditions for particle attachment Further, the in situ measurement system detected the spatial variability of ENSPs transport that deviated from one-dimensional, homogeneous assumption, which is typically used to model particle transport in column systems. Generally, however, both measured and model-calculated results indicated that the transport of ENSPs was consistent with that of nonporous colloidal particles subjected to coupled reversible attachment/detachment and straining processes. The developed system can also be applied to detect other fluorescent nanostructured or colloidal particles in porous media. C1 [Shang, Jianying; Liu, Chongxuan; Wang, Zheming; Wu, Hong; Zhu, Kake; Li, Juan; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, CX (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Chongxuanliu@pnl.gov RI Liu, Chongxuan/C-5580-2009; Wang, Zheming/E-8244-2010; Shang, jianying/E-3787-2013 OI Wang, Zheming/0000-0002-1986-4357; Shang, jianying/0000-0002-2498-9699 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER); DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This research was supported by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) through a joint EPA-NSF-DOE research program. The Research was performed at Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL), a DOE national user facility located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under subcontract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 10 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8190 EP 8195 DI 10.1021/es1015586 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000037 PM 20886832 ER PT J AU Unrine, JM Hunyadi, SE Tsyusko, OV Rao, W Shoults-Wilson, WA Bertsch, PM AF Unrine, Jason M. Hunyadi, Simona E. Tsyusko, Olga V. Rao, William Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron Bertsch, Paul M. TI Evidence for Bioavailability of Au Nanoparticles from Soil and Biodistribution within Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; FOOD-WEB; CELLS; NANOMATERIALS; BIOMARKERS; EXPOSURE; THERAPY; GROWTH; WATER; SIZE AB Because Au nanoparticles (NPs) are resistant to oxidative dissolution and are easily detected, they have been used as stable probes for the behavior of nanomaterials within biological systems. Previous studies provide somewhat limited evidence for bioavailability of Au NPs in food webs, because the spatial distribution within tissues and the speciation of Au was not determined. In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence, including orthogonal microspectroscopic techniques, as well as evidence from biological responses, that Au NPs are bioavailable from soil to a model detritivore (Eisenia fetida). We also present limited evidence that Au NPs may cause adverse effects on earthworm reproduction. This is perhaps the first study to demonstrate that Au NPs can be taken up by detritivores from soil and distributed among tissues. We found that primary particle size (20 or 55 nm) did not consistently influence accumulated concentrations on a mass concentration basis; however, on a particle number basis the 20 nm particles were more bioavailable. Differences in bioavailability between the treatments may have been explained by aggregation behavior in pore water. The results suggest that nanoparticles present in soil from activities such as biosolids application have the potential to enter terrestrial food webs. C1 [Unrine, Jason M.; Tsyusko, Olga V.; Rao, William; Shoults-Wilson, W. Aaron; Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Kentucky, Tracy Farmer Inst Sustainabil & Environm, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Hunyadi, Simona E.] US DOE, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. RP Unrine, JM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jason.unrine@uky.edu OI Tsyusko, Olga/0000-0001-8196-1062; Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Science [RD833335]; National Science Foundation; U.S. EPA through the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT) [0830093]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; DOE-Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division [DE-FC09-96-SR18546]; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge the advice and assistance of A. Lanzirotti, I. Judy, D. Addis, M. Engle, D. Karapatakis, and three anonymous reviewers. Major funding was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Science to Achieve Results Grant No. RD833335. Support was also provided by the National Science Foundation and U.S. EPA through the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT; EF-0830093). Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X26A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory. X26A is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS) and DOE-Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Division (DE-FC09-96-SR18546 to the University of Kentucky). The use of the NSLS was supported by DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 32 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8308 EP 8313 DI 10.1021/es101885w PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000056 PM 20879765 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, MA Dane, AJ Williams, A Ireland, J Luecke, J McCormick, RL Voorhees, KJ AF Ratcliff, Matthew A. Dane, A. John Williams, Aaron Ireland, John Luecke, Jon McCormick, Robert L. Voorhees, Kent J. TI Diesel Particle Filter and Fuel Effects on Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PARTICULATE FILTERS; MECHANISM; IMPACT; SOOT AB The impacts of biodiesel and a continuously regenerated (catalyzed) diesel particle filter (DPF) on the emissions of volatile unburned hydrocarbons, carbonyls, and particle associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAR) and nitro-PAH, were investigated. Experiments were conducted on a 5.9 L Cummins ISB, heavy-duty diesel engine using certification ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD, S <= 15 ppm), soy biodiesel (B100), and a 20% blend thereof (820). Against the ULSD baseline, B20 and B100 reduced engine-out emissions of measured unburned volatile hydrocarbons and PM associated PAR and nitro-PAR by significant percentages (40% or more for 820 and higher percentage for B100). However, emissions of benzene were unaffected by the presence of biodiesel and emissions of naphthalene actually increased for B100. This suggests that the unsaturated FAME in soy-biodiesel can react to form aromatic rings in the diesel combustion environment Methyl acrylate and methyl 3-butanoate were observed as significant species in the exhaust for B20 and 8100 and may serve as markers of the presence of biodiesel in the fuel. The DPF was highly effective at converting gaseous hydrocarbons and PM associated PAR and total nitro-PAH. However, conversion of 1-nitropyrene by the DPF was less than 50% for all fuels. Blending of biodiesel caused a slight reduction in engine-out emissions of acrolein, but otherwise had little effect on carbonyl emissions. The DPF was highly effective for conversion of carbonyls, with the exception of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde emissions were increased by the DPF for ULSD and B20. C1 [Ratcliff, Matthew A.; Williams, Aaron; Ireland, John; Luecke, Jon; McCormick, Robert L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Dane, A. John; Voorhees, Kent J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ratcliff, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO USA. EM matthew.ratcliff@nrel.gov; kvoorhee@mines.edu RI McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DE-AC36-99GO10337] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 44 IS 21 BP 8343 EP 8349 DI 10.1021/es1008032 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 671EV UT WOS:000283484000061 PM 20886845 ER PT J AU Impens, F Contreras-Reyes, AM Neto, PAM Dalvit, DAR Guerout, R Lambrecht, A Reynaud, S AF Impens, F. Contreras-Reyes, A. M. Maia Neto, P. A. Dalvit, D. A. R. Guerout, R. Lambrecht, A. Reynaud, S. TI Driving quantized vortices with quantum vacuum fluctuations SO EPL LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; FORCE AB We propose to use a rotating corrugated material plate in order to stir, through the Casimir-Polder interaction, quantized vortices in an harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. The emergence of such vortices within the condensate cannot be explained with a computation of the Casimir-Polder potential based on the pairwise summation approach or on the proximity force approximation. It thus appears as a genuine signature of non-trivial geometry effects on the electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations, which fully exploits the superfluid nature of the sample. In order to discuss quantitatively the generation of Casimir-driven vortices, we derive an exact non-perturbative theory of the Casimir-Polder potential felt by the atoms in front of the grating. Our numerical results for a Rb condensate close to a Si grating show that the resulting quantum vacuum torque is strong enough to provide a contactless transfer of angular momentum to the condensate and generate quantized vortices under realistic experimental conditions at separation distances around 3 mu m. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Impens, F.; Contreras-Reyes, A. M.; Maia Neto, P. A.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21941972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [Dalvit, D. A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Guerout, R.; Lambrecht, A.; Reynaud, S.] UPMC, ENS, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. RP Impens, F (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, CP 68528, BR-21941972 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. RI Fluidos Complexos, INCT/H-9172-2013; Reynaud, Serge/J-8061-2014; Lambrecht, Astrid/K-1208-2014 OI Reynaud, Serge/0000-0002-1494-696X; Lambrecht, Astrid/0000-0002-5193-1222 FU CAPES-COFECUB; CNPq; DARPA; DGA; ESF Research Networking Programme CASIMIR; FAPERJ-CNE FX The authors would like to thank J. DALIBARD and P. ROSENBUCH for enlightening discussions. This work was partially supported by CAPES-COFECUB, CNPq, DARPA, DGA, ESF Research Networking Programme CASIMIR and FAPERJ-CNE. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD NOV PY 2010 VL 92 IS 4 AR 40010 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/92/40010 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696QB UT WOS:000285455400010 ER PT J AU Shankaraiah, N Murthy, KPN Lookman, T Shenoy, SR AF Shankaraiah, N. Murthy, K. P. N. Lookman, T. Shenoy, S. R. TI Incubation times and entropy barriers in martensitic kinetics: Monte Carlo quench simulations of strain pseudospins SO EPL LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DIFFRACTION; DYNAMICS AB Martensitic materials quenched from the austenite phase can show hugely different conversion kinetics: explosively rapid ("athermal"), or slowly incubated ("isothermal"). This traditional sharp distinction was queried by experiments finding conversion-incubation delay tails even in athermal martensites, at temperatures where only austenite should exist. To understand martensitic kinetics, we perform systematic Monte Carlo temperature-quench simulations of a protoypical martensitic model of S = 0, +/- 1 strain pseudospins, with compatibility-induced, power law anisotropic interactions, and no extrinsic disorder. We find both athermal or isothermal behaviour in the same model, depending on parameters. In the athermal regime, the puzzling experimental temperature-time behaviour for conversions is reproduced: explosive conversions (below a spinodal), do indeed coexist with rising incubation-delay tails. A Vogel-Fulcher divergence at transition is predicted, in a region of tweed-like precursors. Incubations are explained as searches for rare, finite-scale transitional states, that are explicitly identified. Although complex textural changes occur during incubation, the energies are quite flat, in a signature of entropy barriers. The model suggests systematic quench experiments in martensites. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Shankaraiah, N.; Murthy, K. P. N.; Shenoy, S. R.] Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Lookman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shankaraiah, N (reprint author), Univ Hyderabad, Sch Phys, Hyderabad 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India. OI Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 FU CAS-UH (University Grants Commission) FX It is a pleasure to thank A. PLANES, D. REGUERA, and F. RITORT for useful conversations; and the CAS-UH (University Grants Commission) for a PhD fellowship for NS. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD NOV PY 2010 VL 92 IS 3 AR 36002 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/92/36002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 690IN UT WOS:000284996700023 ER PT J AU Zhai, MY Kuzma, H Rector, JW AF Zhai, Ming-Yue Kuzma, Heidi Rector, James W. TI A new fractal-interpolation algorithm for seismic data based on iterated function systems SO EPL LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTION AB A new fractal-interpolation method called PPA (Pointed Point Algorithm) based on the Iterated Function System (IFS) is proposed to interpolate the signals with the expected interpolation error, solving the problem that the ordinary fractal interpolation cannot get the value of any arbitrary point directly, which has not been found in the existing literature. Experiments on the theoretical data and real field seismic data show that the proposed PPA method can not only get the expected point's value, but also get a great accuracy in the reconstruction of the seismic profile, leading to a significant improvement over other trace interpolation methods. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010 C1 [Zhai, Ming-Yue] N China Elect Power Univ, Sch EE Engn, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. [Zhai, Ming-Yue; Kuzma, Heidi; Rector, James W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil Engn, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. [Rector, James W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94530 USA. RP Zhai, MY (reprint author), N China Elect Power Univ, Sch EE Engn, Beijing 102206, Peoples R China. EM mingyue.zhai@gmail.com OI zhai, ming-yue/0000-0003-3425-6111 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [60972004, 60402004]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [09MG0] FX The paper is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 60972004, 60402004 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 09MG0. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD NOV PY 2010 VL 92 IS 4 AR 49001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/92/49001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 696QB UT WOS:000285455400038 ER PT J AU Dobrescu, BA Fox, PJ AF Dobrescu, Bogdan A. Fox, Patrick J. TI Uplifted supersymmetric Higgs region SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID LARGE TAN-BETA; BREAKING; UNIFICATION; THRESHOLD; MODEL; MASS AB We show that the parameter space of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model includes a region where the down-type fermion masses are generated by the loop-induced couplings to the up-type Higgs doublet. In this region the down-type Higgs doublet does not acquire a vacuum expectation value at tree level, and has sizable couplings in the superpotential to the tau leptons and bottom quarks. Besides a light standard-like Higgs boson, the Higgs spectrum includes the nearly degenerate states of a heavy spin-0 doublet which can be produced through their couplings to the b quark and decay predominantly into tau (+) tau (-) or tau nu. C1 [Dobrescu, Bogdan A.; Fox, Patrick J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Dobrescu, BA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM pjfox@fnal.gov NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 2010 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1399-y PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 682SR UT WOS:000284423800019 ER PT J AU Lee, EJ Oh, SY Kim, HY James, SC Yoon, SS AF Lee, Eun J. Oh, Sang Youp Kim, Ho Y. James, Scott C. Yoon, Sam S. TI Measuring air core characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer via a transparent acrylic nozzle at various Reynolds numbers SO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Swirl spray; Temperature effect; Air core; Fuel injector performance ID MAXIMUM-ENTROPY FORMALISM; DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AERODYNAMIC INSTABILITY; INTERNAL FLOW; LIQUID SHEETS; SPRAY; ATOMIZATION; TEMPERATURE; PREDICTION; INJECTION AB Because of thermal fluid-property dependence, atomization stability (or flow regime) can change even at fixed operating conditions when subject to temperature change. Particularly at low temperatures, fuel's high viscosity can prevent a pressure-swirl (or simplex) atomizer from sustaining a centrifugal-driven air core within the fuel injector. During disruption of the air core inside an injector, spray characteristics outside the nozzle reflect a highly unstable, nonlinear mode where air core length, Sauter mean diameter (SMD), cone angle, and discharge coefficient variability. To better understand injector performance, these characteristics of the pressure-swirl atomizer were experimentally investigated and data were correlated to Reynolds numbers (Re). Using a transparent acrylic nozzle, the air core length, SMD, cone angle, and discharge coefficient are observed as a function of Re. The critical Reynolds numbers that distinguish the transition from unstable mode to transitional mode and eventually to a stable mode are reported. The working fluids are diesel and a kerosene-based fuel, referred to as bunker-A. (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Eun J.; Oh, Sang Youp; Kim, Ho Y.; Yoon, Sam S.] Korea Univ Anamdong, Dept Mech, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [James, Scott C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kim, HY (reprint author), Korea Univ Anamdong, Dept Mech, 5 Ga, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM kimhy@korea.ac.kr OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 FU Ministry of Knowledge Economy; Korea Research Council Industrial Science and Technology [B551179-08-03-00]; KETEP [2009-3021010030-11-1] FX Engine System for HEV Project, funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The last author acknowledges that this study was partially supported by a grant from the cooperative R&D Program (B551179-08-03-00) funded by the Korea Research Council Industrial Science and Technology and also by KETEP (2009-3021010030-11-1). NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0894-1777 J9 EXP THERM FLUID SCI JI Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1475 EP 1483 DI 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2010.07.010 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Physics GA 655IF UT WOS:000282242200051 ER PT J AU Berry, PM Spink, J Foulkes, MJ White, PJ AF Berry, P. M. Spink, J. Foulkes, M. J. White, P. J. TI The physiological basis of genotypic differences in nitrogen use efficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oilseed rape; Nitrogen; Yield; Varieties ID CANOLA CULTIVARS; LEAF; REMOBILIZATION; GROWTH; WHEAT; YIELD; ACCUMULATION; SENESCENCE; RADIATION; HARVEST AB Four field experiments were performed in the UK in harvest seasons 2007 and 2008. Each experiment consisted of 10 winter oilseed rape varieties grown at a low level of available nitrogen (N) and at a high level of available N intended to replicate commercial practice. A combined analysis of three of the experiments with significant yield differences between the N treatments showed a significant interaction between N availability and variety for yield. Across these three experiments the proportion of yield lost when crops were grown at low N compared with high N ranged from 0.23 to 0.35 among varieties. The proportion of yield lost at low N was negatively associated with crop N uptake. There was also an interaction between N supply and variety for N use efficiency (kg of seed dry matter/kg available N) within these three experiments. Varietal differences in yield at low N correlated most closely, and positively, with crop N uptake, final crop dry matter and seeds/m(2), but not N utilisation (kg seed/kg N uptake). Every additional kilogram of N taken up by the crop increased yield at low N by 0.020 t/ha. The amount of N taken up after flowering was the most important phase of N uptake for determining yield differences between the varieties, with every additional kilogram of N taken up after flowering associated with a yield increase of 0.016 t/ha. Each additional 1000 seeds/m(2) was associated with an additional 1.4 kg N/ha taken up after flowering. There was no correlation between yield at low N or late N uptake and individual seed size. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Berry, P. M.] ADAS High Mowthorpe, Malton YO17 8BP, N Yorkshire, England. [Spink, J.] TEAGASC, Oak Pk Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. [Foulkes, M. J.] Univ Nottingham, Div Plant & Crop Sci, Loughboroug LE1 25RD, Leics, England. [White, P. J.] Scottish Crop Res Inst, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland. RP Berry, PM (reprint author), ADAS High Mowthorpe, Malton YO17 8BP, N Yorkshire, England. EM peter.berry@adas.co.uk RI White, Philip/C-5860-2008 OI White, Philip/0000-0003-0827-288X FU Defra FX Sponsored by Defra through the Sustainable Arable LINK Programme. NR 32 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 119 IS 2-3 BP 365 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.08.004 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 679QC UT WOS:000284174900020 ER PT J AU Poet, TS Carlton, BD Deyo, JA Hinderliter, PM AF Poet, Torka S. Carlton, Betsy D. Deyo, James A. Hinderliter, Paul M. TI Hydroquinone PBPK model refinement and application to dermal exposure SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Physiologically based pharmacokinetic; model; Risk assessment; Dermal absorption; In vitro/in vivo extrapolation ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; FISCHER-344; METABOLISM; MICE; CARCINOGENICITY; NEPHROTOXICITY; TOXICITY; TUMORS; SKIN AB A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for hydroquinone (HQ) was refined to include an expanded description of HQ-glucuronide metabolites and a description of dermal exposures to support route-to-route and cross-species extrapolation. Total urinary excretion of metabolites from in vivo rat dermal exposures was used to estimate a percutaneous permeability coefficient (K(p); 3.6 x 10(-5) cm/h). The human in vivo Kp was estimated to be 1.62 x 10(-4) cm/h, based on in vitro skin permeability data in rats and humans and rat in vivo values. The projected total multi-substituted glutathione (which was used as an internal dose surrogate for the toxic glutathione metabolites) was modeled following an exposure scenario based on submersion of both hands in a 5% aqueous solution of HQ (similar to black and white photographic developing solution) for 2 h, a worst-case exposure scenario. Total multi-substituted glutathione following this human dermal exposure scenario was several orders of magnitude lower than the internal total glutathione conjugates in rats following an oral exposure to the rat NOEL of 20 mg/kg. Thus, under more realistic human dermal exposure conditions, it is unlikely that toxic glutathione conjugates (primarily the di- and, to a lesser degree, the tri-glutathione conjugate) will reach significant levels in target tissues. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Poet, Torka S.; Hinderliter, Paul M.] Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Carlton, Betsy D.] Rhodia Inc, Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. [Deyo, James A.] Eastman Chem Co, Kingsport, TN 37662 USA. RP Poet, TS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Ctr Biol Monitoring & Modeling, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM torka.poet@pnl.gov FU Hydroquinone Group FX This research was supported by the Hydroquinone Group. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 3085 EP 3092 DI 10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.002 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 674QM UT WOS:000283762300009 PM 20692312 ER PT J AU Anex, RP Aden, A Kazi, FK Fortman, J Swanson, RM Wright, MM Satrio, JA Brown, RC Daugaard, DE Platon, A Kothandaraman, G Hsu, DD Dutta, A AF Anex, Robert P. Aden, Andy Kazi, Feroz Kabir Fortman, Joshua Swanson, Ryan M. Wright, Mark M. Satrio, Justinus A. Brown, Robert C. Daugaard, Daren E. Platon, Alex Kothandaraman, Geetha Hsu, David D. Dutta, Abhijit TI Techno-economic comparison of biomass-to-transportation fuels via pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical pathways SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Techno-economics; Biomass; Pyrolysis; Gasification; Biochemical ID ACID PRETREATMENT; CORN STOVER; ETHANOL; YIELDS AB This analysis compares capital and operating cost for six near-term biomass-to-liquid fuels technology scenarios representing three conversion platforms: pyrolysis, gasification, and biochemical. These analyses employed similar assumptions to allow comparisons among the results. Most prominently, the feedstock is assumed to be corn stover and plant capacity was 2000 tonne/day for each plant. There are large differences in the total capital investments required among the three platforms. The standalone biomass-to-liquid fuel plants are expected to produce fuels with a product value in the range of $2.00-5.50 per gallon ($0.53-1.45 per liter) gasoline equivalent, with pyrolysis the lowest and biochemical the highest. These relatively high product values are driven primarily by an assumed feedstock cost of $75 per dry ton and the cost of capital for the plants. Pioneer plant analysis, which takes into account increased capital costs and decreased plant performance associated with first-ofa- kind plants, increases estimated product values to $2.00-12.00 per gallon ($0.53-3.17 per liter) gasoline equivalent. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Anex, Robert P.; Kazi, Feroz Kabir; Fortman, Joshua; Swanson, Ryan M.; Wright, Mark M.; Satrio, Justinus A.; Brown, Robert C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Daugaard, Daren E.; Platon, Alex; Kothandaraman, Geetha] ConocoPhillips Co, Bartlesville, OK USA. [Aden, Andy; Hsu, David D.; Dutta, Abhijit] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Anex, RP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM rpanex@gmail.com FU ConocoPhillips Company; National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL); Department of Energy (DOE) Office of the Biomass Program FX This project was made possible by financial support from ConocoPhillips Company and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) as supported by Department of Energy (DOE) Office of the Biomass Program. The authors would like to thank Mark Laser for serving as guest editor for this supplementary issue of FUEL and Cyndi Tucker for her invaluable assistance with project management. We also thank Lou Burke and Ron Brown of ConocoPhillips Company, Glenn Gallagher of DuPont, Ahmad Hillaly of Archer Daniels Midland, Mark Laser of Dartmouth College, and Robert Wallace of Penn State University, who took the time to participate in a peer review meeting midway through the project. NR 22 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 7 U2 82 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 89 SU 1 BP S29 EP S35 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.015 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 656VG UT WOS:000282368600005 ER PT J AU Anex, RP Hsu, DD Tucker, C AF Anex, Robert P. Hsu, David D. Tucker, Cyndi TI Foreword SO FUEL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Anex, Robert P.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hsu, David D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Tucker, Cyndi] ConocoPhillips Co, Houston, TX 77079 USA. RP Anex, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 3202 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpanex@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 89 SU 1 BP S1 EP S1 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.02.003 PG 1 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 656VG UT WOS:000282368600001 ER PT J AU Kazi, FK Fortman, JA Anex, RP Hsu, DD Aden, A Dutta, A Kothandaraman, G AF Kazi, Feroz Kabir Fortman, Joshua A. Anex, Robert P. Hsu, David D. Aden, Andy Dutta, Abhijit Kothandaraman, Geetha TI Techno-economic comparison of process technologies for biochemical ethanol production from corn stover SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Techno-economics; Ethanol; Biomass; Pretreatment; Pioneer plant ID DILUTE-ACID PRETREATMENT; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; REVERSE-OSMOSIS; FERMENTATION; SEPARATION; BIOMASS; PERVAPORATION; SOFTWOOD; YIELDS AB This techno-economic study compares several process technologies for the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic material, based on a 5- to 8-year time frame for implementation. While several previous techno-economic studies have focused on future technology benchmarks, this study examines the short-term commercial viability of biochemical ethanol production. With that goal, yields (where possible) were based on publicly available experimental data rather than projected data. Four pretreatment technologies (dilute-acid, 2-stage dilute-acid, hot water, and ammonia fiber explosion or AFEX); and three downstream process variations (pervaporation, separate 5-carbon and 6-carbon sugars fermentation, and on-site enzyme production) were included in the analysis. Each of these scenarios was modeled and economic analysis was performed for an "nth plant" (a plant with the same technologies that have been employed in previous commercial plants) to estimate the total capital investment (TCI) and product value (PV). PV is the ethanol production cost, including a 10% return on investment. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the impact of process variations and economic parameters on the PV. The dilute-acid pretreatment process has the lowest PV among all process scenarios, which is estimated to be $1.36/l of gasoline equivalent [LGE] ($5.13/gal of gasoline equivalent [GGE]). Sensitivity analysis shows that the PV is most sensitive to feedstock cost, enzyme cost, and installed equipment costs. A significant fraction of capital costs is related to producing heat and power from lignin in the biomass. Cellulosic ethanol production has yet to be commercialized. Hence, a pioneer plant is expected to be more costly to build and operate than an nth plant. To assess the impact of technological maturity on pioneer plant cost, a cost growth analysis was performed. The estimated value of PV for the pioneer plant is substantially larger than for the nth plant. The PV for the pioneer plant model with dilute-acid pretreatment is $2.30/LGE ($8.72/GGE) for the most probable scenario, and the estimated TCI was more than double the nth plant cost. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kazi, Feroz Kabir; Fortman, Joshua A.; Anex, Robert P.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Hsu, David D.; Aden, Andy; Dutta, Abhijit] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Kothandaraman, Geetha] ConocoPhillips Co, Bartlesville Technol, Bartlesville, OK 74004 USA. RP Anex, RP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, 3202 NSRIC, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM rpanex@iastate.edu FU ConocoPhillips Company; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This project was made possible by support from ConocoPhillips Company and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We would like to thank the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of the Biomass Program for support and feedback. Rick Elander of NREL and Tim Eggeman of Neoterics International provided assistance with the CAFI model results. We greatly appreciate the helpful comments throughout the project from Bob Wallace of Pennsylvania State University, Ron Brown of ConocoPhillips Company, and Ed Merrow and Andras Marton of Independent Project Analysis, Inc. We also thank Seth Snyder from Argonne National Labs, Ahmad Hilaly from Archer Daniels Midland, Mark Laser from Dart-mouth, and Al Kosley and Lou Burke From ConocoPhillips Company who took the time to participate in a peer review meeting midway through the project. NR 39 TC 172 Z9 172 U1 13 U2 89 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 89 SU 1 BP S20 EP S28 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.01.001 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 656VG UT WOS:000282368600004 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Bell, MG Schneider, H Allain, JP Bell, RE Kaita, R Kallman, J Kaye, S LeBlanc, BP Mansfield, D Nygren, RE Maingi, R Menard, J Mueller, D Ono, M Paul, S Gerhardt, S Raman, R Sabbagh, S Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, V Timberlake, J Zakharov, LE AF Kugel, H. W. Bell, M. G. Schneider, H. Allain, J. P. Bell, R. E. Kaita, R. Kallman, J. Kaye, S. LeBlanc, B. P. Mansfield, D. Nygren, R. E. Maingi, R. Menard, J. Mueller, D. Ono, M. Paul, S. Gerhardt, S. Raman, R. Sabbagh, S. Skinner, C. H. Soukhanovskii, V. Timberlake, J. Zakharov, L. E. CA NSTX Res Team TI Lithium coatings on NSTX plasma facing components and its effects on boundary control, core plasma performance, and operation SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Lithium; Lithium wall fusion regime; Recycling; Plasma wall interactions; Divertors; Spherical torus ID LIQUID LITHIUM; DIVERTOR; TOKAMAK AB NSTX high power divertor plasma experiments have used in succession lithium pellet injection (LPI), evaporated lithium, and injected lithium powder to apply lithium coatings to graphite plasma facing components. In 2005, following the wall conditioning and LPI, discharges exhibited edge density reduction and performance improvements. Since 2006, first one, and now two lithium evaporators have been used routinely to evaporate lithium onto the lower divertor region at total rates of 10-70 mg/min for periods 5-10 min between discharges. Prior to each discharge, the evaporators are withdrawn behind shutters. Significant improvements in the performance of NBI heated divertor discharges resulting from these lithium depositions were observed. These evaporators are now used for more than 80% of NSTX discharges. Initial work with injecting fine lithium powder into the edge of NBI heated deuterium discharges yielded comparable changes in performance. Several operational issues encountered with lithium wall conditions, and the special procedures needed for vessel entry are discussed. The next step in this work is installation of a liquid lithium divertor surface on the outer part of the lower divertor. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kugel, H. W.; Bell, M. G.; Schneider, H.; Bell, R. E.; Kaita, R.; Kallman, J.; Kaye, S.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Mansfield, D.; Menard, J.; Mueller, D.; Ono, M.; Paul, S.; Gerhardt, S.; Skinner, C. H.; Timberlake, J.; Zakharov, L. E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Allain, J. P.] Purdue Univ, Sch Nucl Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nygren, R. E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Raman, R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sabbagh, S.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Soukhanovskii, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM hkugel@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Allain, Jean Paul/0000-0003-1348-262X; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 FU United States Department of Energy (US DOE) [DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL)]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work is supported by United States Department of Energy (US DOE) Contracts DE-AC02-09CH11466 (PPPL), DE-AC05-00OR22725 (ORNL), and those of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and that of Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 6 BP 865 EP 873 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.04.004 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 704UJ UT WOS:000286080800007 ER PT J AU Ono, M Bell, MG Bell, RE Kaita, R Kugel, HW LeBlanc, BP Canik, JM Diem, S Gerhardt, SP Hosea, J Kaye, S Mansfield, D Maingi, R Menard, J Paul, SF Raman, R Sabbagh, SA Skinner, CH Soukhanovskii, V Taylor, G AF Ono, M. Bell, M. G. Bell, R. E. Kaita, R. Kugel, H. W. LeBlanc, B. P. Canik, J. M. Diem, S. Gerhardt, S. P. Hosea, J. Kaye, S. Mansfield, D. Maingi, R. Menard, J. Paul, S. F. Raman, R. Sabbagh, S. A. Skinner, C. H. Soukhanovskii, V. Taylor, G. CA NSTX Res Team TI Implications of NSTX lithium results for magnetic fusion research SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE NIFS-CRC symposium; Tokamaks and spherical tokamaks; Lithium; Plasma-wall interactions ID HIGH-BETA; PLASMAS; LIMITER; WAVES AB Lithium wall coating techniques have been experimentally explored on National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) for the last five years. The lithium experimentation on NSTX started with a few milligrams of lithium injected into the plasma as pellets and it has evolved to a lithium evaporation system which can evaporate up to similar to 100 g of lithium onto the lower divertor plates between lithium re-loadings. The unique feature of the lithium research program on NSTX is that it can investigate the effects of lithium in H-mode divertor plasmas. This lithium evaporation system thus far has produced many intriguing and potentially important results; the latest of these are summarized in a companion paper by H. Kugel. In this paper, we suggest possible implications and applications of the NSTX lithium results on the magnetic fusion research which include electron and global energy confinement improvements, MHD stability enhancement at high beta, edge localized mode (ELM) control, H-mode power threshold reduction, improvements in radio frequency heating and non-inductive plasma start-up performance, innovative divertor solutions and improved operational efficiency. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ono, M.; Bell, M. G.; Bell, R. E.; Kaita, R.; Kugel, H. W.; LeBlanc, B. P.; Gerhardt, S. P.; Hosea, J.; Kaye, S.; Mansfield, D.; Menard, J.; Paul, S. F.; Skinner, C. H.; Taylor, G.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Canik, J. M.; Diem, S.; Maingi, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Raman, R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sabbagh, S. A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Soukhanovskii, V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Ono, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mono@pppl.gov RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Canik, John/0000-0001-6934-6681; Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 FU DoE [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by DoE Contract No. DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 6 BP 882 EP 889 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.03.045 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 704UJ UT WOS:000286080800009 ER PT J AU Mansfield, DK Roquemore, AL Schneider, H Timberlake, J Kugel, H Bell, MG AF Mansfield, D. K. Roquemore, A. L. Schneider, H. Timberlake, J. Kugel, H. Bell, M. G. CA NSTX Res Team TI A simple apparatus for the injection of lithium aerosol into the scrape-off layer of fusion research devices SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Lithium; Wall conditioning; Plasma facing components; Aerosol injection; Scrape-off layer; Spherical torus ID TEST-REACTOR; PERFORMANCE AB A simple device has been developed to deposit elemental lithium onto plasma facing components in the National Spherical Torus Experiment. Deposition is accomplished by dropping lithium powder into the plasma column. Once introduced, lithium particles quickly become entrained in scrape-off layer flow as an evaporating aerosol. Particles are delivered through a small central aperture in a computer-controlled resonating piezoelectric disk on which the powder is supported. The device has been used to deposit lithium both during discharges as well as prior to plasma breakdown. Clear improvements to plasma performance have been demonstrated. The use of this apparatus provides flexibility in the amount and timing of lithium deposition and, therefore, may benefit future fusion research devices. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mansfield, D. K.; Roquemore, A. L.; Schneider, H.; Timberlake, J.; Kugel, H.; Bell, M. G.; NSTX Res Team] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Mansfield, DK (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM dmansfield@pppl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-09CH11466. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 6 BP 890 EP 895 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.08.033 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 704UJ UT WOS:000286080800010 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Zuo, GZ Li, JG Luo, NC Zakharov, LE Zhang, L Zhang, W Xu, P AF Hu, J. S. Zuo, G. Z. Li, J. G. Luo, N. C. Zakharov, L. E. Zhang, L. Zhang, W. Xu, P. TI Investigation of lithium as plasma facing materials on HT-7 SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Lithium; PFC; Coating; HT-7 ID SPHERICAL TORUS; CDX-U; TOKAMAK; LIMITER; FTU; PERFORMANCE; REMOVAL; DEVICES; SYSTEM AB First experiment of liquid lithium limiter was successfully carried out on HT-7 tokamak and a few positive results were obtained. The results showed that by using lithium limiter, specially liquid lithium limiter. Ha intensity reduced 20-30%, the emission of CIII and OV decreased about 10-20%, loop voltage had a slight decline, the core electron temperature slightly increased, the particle confinement time increased by a factor of 2, and the energy confinement time increased 20%. After lithium coating, the hydrogen recycling decreased, and core electron temperature increased significantly by a factor of 2. At the same time, after lithium coating, electron density of edge plasmas obviously decreased while electron temperature slightly increased. These encouraging results are very useful for further research of long tray lithium limiter on HT-7 and liquid divertor on EAST. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, J. S.; Zuo, G. Z.; Li, J. G.; Luo, N. C.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Xu, P.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Zakharov, L. E.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Hu, JS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. EM hujs@ipp.ac.cn FU ITER [2010GB104002]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [10705030, 195845] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. R. Majeski, Dr. D. Mansfield, Dr. H. Kugel and Dr. B. Kaita from Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, USA, for their useful suggestions during the experiments. This research is funded by the Chinese special project for ITER under contract No. 2010GB104002 and the National Nature Science Foundation of China under contract No.10705030 and No.195845. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 85 IS 6 BP 930 EP 934 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.08.034 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 704UJ UT WOS:000286080800017 ER PT J AU Otake, T Wesolowski, DJ Anovitz, LM Allard, LF Ohmoto, H AF Otake, Tsubasa Wesolowski, David J. Anovitz, Lawrence M. Allard, Lawrence F. Ohmoto, Hiroshi TI Mechanisms of iron oxide transformations in hydrothermal systems SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; LEPIDOCROCITE GAMMA-FEOOH; GOETHITE ALPHA-FEOOH; NONREDOX TRANSFORMATIONS; MAGHEMITE GAMMA-FE2O3; FE OXIDES; MAGNETITE; GEOCHEMISTRY; HEMATITE; SEA AB Coexistence of magnetite and hematite in hydrothermal systems has often been used to constrain the redox potential of fluids, assuming that the redox equilibrium is attained among all minerals and aqueous species. However, as temperature decreases, disequilibrium mineral assemblages may occur due to the slow kinetics of reaction involving the minerals and fluids. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments in which hematite or magnetite was reacted with an acidic solution under H(2)-rich hydrothermal conditions (T = 100-250 degrees C, P(H2) = 0.05-5 MPa) to investigate the kinetics of redox and non-redox transformations between hematite and magnetite, and the mechanisms of iron oxide transformation under hydrothermal conditions. The formation of euhedral crystals of hematite in 150 and 200 degrees C experiments, in which magnetite was used as the starting material, indicates that non-redox transformation of magnetite to hematite occurred within 24 h. The chemical composition of the experimental solutions was controlled by the non-redox transformation between magnetite and hematite throughout the experiments. While solution compositions were controlled by the non-redox transformation in the first 3 days in a 250 degrees C experiment, reductive dissolution of magnetite became important after 5 days and affected the solution chemistry. At 100 degrees C, the presence of maghemite was indicated in the first 7 days. Based on these results, equilibrium constants of non-redox transformation between magnetite and hematite and those of non-redox transformation between magnetite and maghemite were calculated. Our results suggest that the redox transformation of hematite to magnetite occurs in the following steps: (1) reductive dissolution of hematite to Fe((aq))(2+) and (2) non-redox transformation of hematite and Fe((aq))(2+) to magnetite. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Otake, Tsubasa; Ohmoto, Hiroshi] Penn State Univ, NASA, Astrobiol Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Otake, Tsubasa; Ohmoto, Hiroshi] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wesolowski, David J.; Anovitz, Lawrence M.; Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Anovitz, Lawrence M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Otake, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Mat Sci, Aoba Ku, Aoba 6-3, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. EM totake@m.tohoku.ac.jp RI Otake, Tsubasa/D-6137-2012; Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750 FU NASA Astrobiology Institute [NCC2-1057, NNA04CC06A]; NSF [EAR-0229556]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors acknowledge H. Barnes, S. Brantley, P. Heaney, T. Lasaga, K. Osseo-Asare, I. Johnson, and D. Bevacqua for valuable comments on the early manuscript. The authors also acknowledge J. Rosenqvist, M. Angelone, and J. Cantolina for technical assistance. Comments by K.M. Rosso and two anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated. This project was supported by grants from NASA Astrobiology Institute (NCC2-1057; NNA04CC06A) and NSF (EAR-0229556) to H.O. D.J.W.'s effort and a portion of the effort of T.O. were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy, Geoscience Research Program, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-00OR22725). NR 52 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 58 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 74 IS 21 BP 6141 EP 6156 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2010.07.024 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 658OQ UT WOS:000282499700011 ER PT J AU Memeti, V Paterson, S Matzel, J Mundil, R Okaya, D AF Memeti, Valbone Paterson, Scott Matzel, Jennifer Mundil, Roland Okaya, David TI Magmatic lobes as "snapshots" of magma chamber growth and evolution in large, composite batholiths: An example from the Tuolumne intrusion, Sierra Nevada, California SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SPIRIT MOUNTAIN BATHOLITH; ZIRCON SATURATION; PHYSICAL PROCESSES; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NORTH CASCADES; NATURAL ZIRCON; CRYSTAL MUSHES; TRACE-ELEMENT; PB; EMPLACEMENT AB Precise chemical abrasion-thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) U-Pb zircon ages in combination with detailed field mapping, (40)Ar/(39)Ar thermochronology, and finite difference thermal modeling in the magmatic lobes of the Tuolumne batholith characterize these 10-60 km(2) bodies as shorter-lived, simpler magmatic systems that represent increments of batholith growth. Lobes provide shorter-term records of internal and external processes that are potentially obliterated in the main body of long-lived, composite batholiths. Zircon ages complemented by thermal modeling indicate that lobe-sized magma chambers were present between similar to 0.2 and 1 m.y., representing only a small fraction of the total duration of melt presence in the main body. During these shorter intervals, a concentric pattern of normal compositional zoning formed during inward crystallization and widespread zircon recycling in the lobes. Lobes largely evolved as individual magma bodies that did not interact significantly with the main, more complex magma chamber(s). Antecrystic zircons and the range of autocrysts, used to track the extent of interconnected melt, record only a limited range of ages and have contrasting zircon populations to those found in the same units in the main batholith. We consider lobes to either be single batches formed during continuous magma flow or multiple, quickly coalescing pulses that in either case formed separate magma chambers that failed to amalgamate with other compositionally distinct pulses such as those occurring in the central batholith. Zircon age comparisons between all four lobes and the main body imply that growth of the Tuolumne intrusion was not stationary, but that the locus of magmatism shifted both inward and northwestward. C1 [Memeti, Valbone; Paterson, Scott; Okaya, David] Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Matzel, Jennifer] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Mundil, Roland] Berkeley Geochronol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94709 USA. RP Memeti, V (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM memeti@usc.edu RI Mundil, Roland/E-5174-2011 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-0537892]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) FX We thank Cal Barnes and an anonymous reviewer as well as Editor Brendan Murphy and Associate Editor Gary Solar for constructive reviews that helped to improve the manuscript significantly. The authors thank the National Science Foundation (NSF) for financial support with collaborative grant EAR-0537892. Paterson and Memeti are grateful for 3 yr of financial support from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) through the EDMAP program. Memeti thanks the Berkeley Geochronology Center for providing the laboratory facilities in the process of acquiring the U/Pb zircon ages. Numerous field assistants from all over the world are thanked for their indefatigable support in the field. Yosemite National Park Rangers are gratefully acknowledged for their constant support and interest in our work. NR 77 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 23 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 122 IS 11-12 BP 1912 EP 1931 DI 10.1130/B30004.1 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 671XD UT WOS:000283546200011 ER PT J AU Tokam, APK Tabod, CT Nyblade, AA Julia, J Wiens, DA Pasyanos, ME AF Tokam, Alain-Pierre K. Tabod, Charles T. Nyblade, Andrew A. Julia, Jordi Wiens, Douglas A. Pasyanos, Michael E. TI Structure of the crust beneath Cameroon, West Africa, from the joint inversion of Rayleigh wave group velocities and receiver functions SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Inverse theory; Body waves; Surface waves and free oscillations; Cratons; Crustal structure ID CONGO CRATON; GRAVITY-DATA; RIFT SYSTEM; NTEM COMPLEX; LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE; CENOZOIC MAGMATISM; SEISMIC-REFRACTION; SOUTHERN CAMEROON; ADAMAWA PLATEAU; VOLCANIC LINE AB The Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL) consists of a linear chain of Tertiary to Recent, generally alkaline, volcanoes that do not exhibit an age progression. Here we study crustal structure beneath the CVL and adjacent regions in Cameroon using 1-D shear wave velocity models obtained from the joint inversion of Rayleigh wave group velocities and P-receiver functions for 32 broad-band seismic stations deployed between 2005 January and 2007 February. We find that (1) crustal thickness (35-39 km) and velocity structure is similar beneath the CVL and the Pan African Oubanguides Belt to the south of the CVL, (2) crust is thicker (43-48 km) under the northern margin of the Congo Craton and is characterized by shear wave velocities >= 4.0 km s-1 in its lower part and (3) crust is thinner (26-31 km) under the Garoua rift and the coastal plain. In addition, a fast velocity layer (Vs of 3.6-3.8 km s-1) in the upper crust is found beneath many of the seismic stations. Crustal structure beneath the CVL and the Oubanguides Belt is very similar to Pan African crustal structure in the Mozambique Belt, and therefore it appears not to have been modified significantly by the magmatic activity associated with the CVL. The crust beneath the coastal plain was probably thinned during the opening of the southern Atlantic Ocean, while the crust beneath the Garoua rift was likely thinned during the formation of the Benue Trough in the early Cretaceous. We suggest that the thickened crust and the thick mafic lower crustal layer beneath the northern margin of the Congo Craton may be relict features from a continent-continent collision along this margin during the formation of Gondwana. C1 [Tokam, Alain-Pierre K.; Tabod, Charles T.] Univ Yaounde I, Dept Phys, Yaounde, Cameroon. [Nyblade, Andrew A.; Julia, Jordi] Penn State Univ, Dept Geosci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wiens, Douglas A.] Washington Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Pasyanos, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA USA. RP Tokam, APK (reprint author), Univ Yaounde I, Dept Phys, POB 812, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM ctabod@gmail.com RI Pasyanos, Michael/C-3125-2013 FU APKT in the United States; CTT; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0310094, OISE 0530062, EAR-0310272] FX Penn State University and Washington University in St. Louis supported APKT in the United States where part of this work was carried out. The Abdus Salam Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) supported CTT through the Associate Scheme. Most of figures were prepared using the GMT software. Seismic equipment for the Cameroon field deployment was provided by the IRIS/PASSCAL instrument centre. We thank many people, including Ateba Bekoa, Garrett Euler, Mike Fort, Angela Reusch, Patrick Shore and Rigobert Tibi for assistance in deploying and servicing the seismic stations in Cameroon. We also thank Charles Ammon, Yongcheol Park, Mulugeta Dugda and Eldridge Kgaswane for assistance with computer codes, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants EAR-0310094, OISE 0530062 (AAN) and EAR-0310272 (DAW). This is LLNL document number LLNL-JRNL-424225. NR 71 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 183 IS 2 BP 1061 EP 1076 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04776.x PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 667DF UT WOS:000283172100037 ER PT J AU Hammack, R Kaminski, V Harbert, W Veloski, G Lipinski, B AF Hammack, Richard Kaminski, Vlad Harbert, William Veloski, Garret Lipinski, Brian TI Using helicopter electromagnetic (HEM) surveys to identify potential hazards at coal-waste impoundments: Examples from West Virginia SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE EM DATA; MINE DRAINAGE; INVERSION; CONDUCTIVITY AB We have used 14 multifrequency helicopter-borne electromagnetic (HEM) surveys to determine the internal structure and integrity of mine-impoundment structures in West Virginia, U.S.A. - the first time such technology has been applied in this way and apparently well suited for such activities. The HEM surveys identified areas of concern in each of the impoundments investigated. In most cases, these were areas where filtrate was emerging high on the downstream embankment and represented an erosion risk. Of greater concern, the HEM survey identified thick bodies of slurry that remained unconsolidated and were buried deep beneath the embankment's crest of some impoundments. Ground confirmation activities indicated that HEM survey interpretations provided an accurate representation of the conductivity distribution within coal-waste impoundments. We then interpreted the conductivity/depth images from the HEM surveys to provide a snapshot of hydrologic conditions that existed within the impoundment at the time of the survey. Resistivity profiles were obtained at the inactive impoundment along segments of flight lines from the HEM survey. HEM and resistivity surveys detected a conductive layer at a depth of about 7 m that was interpreted to be unconsolidated coal slurry. The methods also detected conductive bodies at a depth of about 26 m that were interpreted to be flooded mine works. Resistivity surveys from these segments corroborated HEM data, thereby providing independent confirmation of the HEM data and its processing. The resistivity and HEM surveys indicated a resistive surface layer where the coarse coal refuse was placed. Beneath the resistive surface layer is a conductive layer of unconsolidated or partially consolidated coal slurry. These highly loaded bodies of unconsolidated slurry are susceptible to solifluction, which can threaten embankment stability. Underground mine workings were identified in the HEM data from one impoundment. C1 [Hammack, Richard; Veloski, Garret] Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kaminski, Vlad] Univ British Columbia, Geophys Invers Facil, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Harbert, William] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Lipinski, Brian] Atlas Energy Inc, Moon Township, PA USA. RP Hammack, R (reprint author), Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. EM richard.hammack@netl.doe.gov; kam3000@gmail.com; harbert@pitt.edu; garret.veloski@netl.doe.gov; brian.lipinski@gmail.com RI Harbert, William/E-3502-2010 FU National Technology Transfer Center FX The authors acknowledge the National Technology Transfer Center for contracting HEM surveys of the 14 coal-refuse impoundments in southern West Virginia and for providing funding to NETL to process, interpret, and validate data resulting from these surveys. This work could not have been completed without the University of British Columbia's Geophysical Inversion Facility EM1DFM inversion code, which was provided to the University of Pittsburgh. We deeply appreciate their generosity and their philosophy in science and research. We thank Hansruedi Maurer and the reviewers of this article for suggesting modifications that considerably improved our final manuscript. The help of Sheral Danker of SEG and of Kathryne Pile is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 6 BP B221 EP B229 DI 10.1190/1.3505764 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700TT UT WOS:000285767900006 ER PT J AU Korneev, V AF Korneev, Valeri TI Low-frequency fluid waves in fractures and pipes SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-PERIOD EVENTS; TUBE WAVES; BOREHOLE FRACTURES; ELASTIC WAVES; DRIVEN CRACK; SLOW WAVES; PROPAGATION; ATTENUATION; DISPERSION; SCATTERING AB Low-frequency analytical solutions have been obtained for phase velocities of symmetrical fluid waves within both an infinite fracture and a pipe filled with a viscous fluid. Three different fluid wave regimes can exist in such objects, depending on the various combinations of parameters, such as fluid density, fluid viscosity, walls shear modulus, channel thickness, and frequency. Equations for velocities of all these regimes have explicit forms and are verified by comparisons with the exact solutions. The dominant role of fractures in rock permeability at field scales and the strong amplitude and frequency effects of Stoneley guided waves suggest the importance of including these wave effects into poroelastic theories. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Korneev, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM vakorneev@lbl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Andrey Bakulin, Dmitry Silin, Gennady Goloshubin, German Maximov, and an anonymous reviewer have made many helpful comments. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 6 BP N97 EP N107 DI 10.1190/1.3484155 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700TT UT WOS:000285767900033 ER PT J AU Rucci, A Vasco, DW Novali, F AF Rucci, Alessio Vasco, D. W. Novali, Fabrizio TI Fluid pressure arrival-time tomography: Estimation and assessment in the presence of inequality constraints with an application to production at the Krechba field, Algeria SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SAR INTERFEROMETRY; SURFACE DISPLACEMENT; PERMANENT SCATTERERS; LAND SUBSIDENCE; SEISMIC DATA; DEFORMATION; INVERSION; OIL; CALIFORNIA; CALDERA AB Deformation in the overburden proves useful in deducing spatial and temporal changes in the volume of a producing reservoir. Based on these changes, we have estimated diffusive traveltimes associated with the transient flow due to production, and then, as the solution of a linear inverse problem, the effective permeability of the reservoir. An advantage of the approach based on traveltimes, as opposed to one based on the amplitude of surface deformation, is that it is much less sensitive to the exact geomechanical properties of the reservoir and overburden. Inequalities constrain the inversion, under the assumption that the fluid production only results in pore volume decreases within the reservoir. The formulation has been applied to satellite-based estimates of deformation in the material overlying a thin gas production zone at the Krechba field in Algeria. The peak displacement after three years of gas production is found to be approximately 0.5 cm, overlying the eastern margin of the anticlinal structure defining the gas field. Using data from 15 irregularly spaced images of range change, we have calculated the diffusive traveltimes associated with the startup of a gas production well. The inequality constraints were incorporated into the estimates of model parameter resolution and covariance, improving the resolution by roughly 30% to 40%. C1 [Rucci, Alessio] Politecn Milan, Dept Elect Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Vasco, D. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Novali, Fabrizio] TRE, Milan, Italy. RP Rucci, A (reprint author), Politecn Milan, Dept Elect Engn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. EM rucci@elet.polimi.it; dwvasco@lbl.gov; fabrizio.novali@treuropa.com RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016; Vasco, Donald/G-3696-2015 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628; Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the assistant secretary, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. The permanent scatterer data were processed by Tele-Rilevamento Europa (TRE). The authors wish to thank the European Space Agency for all satellite data used in this study and the entire TRE staff for supporting the SAR data processing. The In Salah CO2 Joint Industry Project (BP, StatoilHydro, and Sonatrach) is thanked for the provision of production, injection, and subsurface data. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 6 BP O39 EP O55 DI 10.1190/1.3493504 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700TT UT WOS:000285767900035 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, James G. TI Pore-fluid effects on seismic waves in vertically fractured earth with orthotropic symmetry SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIA; ELASTIC-ANISOTROPY; ORTHORHOMBIC MEDIA; POROUS-MEDIA; CONSTANTS; ROCKS; PARAMETERS; POROELASTICITY; SANDSTONES; BEHAVIOR AB For elastically noninteracting vertical-fracture sets at arbitrary orientation angles to each other, a detailed model is presented in which the resulting anisotropic fractured medium generally has orthorhombic symmetry overall. Some of the analysis methods and ideas of Schoenberg are emphasized, together with their connections to other similarly motivated and conceptually related methods by Sayers and Kachanov, among others. Examples show how parallel vertical-fracture sets having HTI (horizontal transversely isotropic) symmetry transform into orthotropic fractured media if some subsets of the vertical fractures are misaligned with the others, and then the fractured system can have VTI (vertical transversely isotropic) symmetry if all of the fractures are aligned randomly or half parallel and half perpendicular to a given vertical plane. An orthotropic example having vertical fractures in an otherwise VTI earth system (studied previously by Schoenberg and Helbig) is compared with the other examples treated and it is finally shown how fluids in the fractures affect the orthotropic poroelastic system response to seismic waves. The key result is that fracture-influence parameters are multiplied by a factor of (1 - B), where 0 <= B < 1 is Skempton's second coefficient for poroelastic media. Skempton's B coefficient is itself a measurable characteristic of fluid-saturated porous rocks, depending on porosity, solid moduli, and the pore-fluid bulk modulus. For heterogeneous porous media, connections between the present work and earlier related results of Brown and Korringa are also established. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. EM jgberryman@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences FX I thank Atilla Aydin, Vladimir Grechka, Mark Kachanov, Francis Muir, Seiji Nakagawa, Steven R. Pride, Colin Sayers, Leon Thomsen, Ilya Tsvankin, and especially Michael Schoenberg-to whose memory this paper is dedicated-for many helpful, stimulating, and enlightening discussions about fractures and anisotropy. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Support was provided specifically by the Geosciences Research Program of the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 75 IS 6 BP T185 EP T200 DI 10.1190/1.3506529 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 700TT UT WOS:000285767900050 ER PT J AU Scheller, HV Manabe, Y Verhertbruggen, Y Gille, S Nafisi, M Rennie, E Oikawa, A Htwe, S Ebert, B Orfila, C Loque, D Knox, P Pauly, M Sakuragi, Y AF Scheller, Henrik V. Manabe, Yuzuki Verhertbruggen, Yves Gille, Sascha Nafisi, Majse Rennie, Emilie Oikawa, Ai Htwe, Soe Ebert, Berit Orfila, Caroline Loque, Dominique Knox, Paul Pauly, Markus Sakuragi, Yumiko TI Homologs of Cryptococcus Cas1p are required for Glycan Acetylation in Plants and Function Upstream of the Acetyltransferases SO GLYCOBIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Glycobiology CY NOV 07-10, 2010 CL St. Pete Beach, FL SP Soc Glycobiol C1 [Scheller, Henrik V.; Manabe, Yuzuki; Verhertbruggen, Yves; Oikawa, Ai; Htwe, Soe; Ebert, Berit; Loque, Dominique] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nafisi, Majse; Sakuragi, Yumiko] Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Gille, Sascha; Rennie, Emilie] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Orfila, Caroline; Knox, Paul] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RI Scheller, Henrik/A-8106-2008; Loque, Dominique/A-8153-2008; Ebert, Berit/F-1856-2016 OI Scheller, Henrik/0000-0002-6702-3560; Ebert, Berit/0000-0002-6914-5473 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0959-6658 J9 GLYCOBIOLOGY JI Glycobiology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 20 IS 11 MA 195 BP 1512 EP 1512 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 661TF UT WOS:000282750300205 ER PT J AU Oskolkov, BY Bondarkov, MD Gaschak, SP Maksymenko, AM Maksymenko, VM Martynenko, VI Farfan, EB Jannik, GT Marra, JC AF Oskolkov, B. Ya. Bondarkov, M. D. Gaschak, S. P. Maksymenko, A. M. Maksymenko, V. M. Martynenko, V. I. Farfan, E. B. Jannik, G. T. Marra, J. C. TI ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DECOMMISSIONING THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT COOLING POND SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; decontamination; dose assessment; environmental impact AB Decommissioning of nuclear power plants and other nuclear fuel cycle facilities associated with residual radioactive contamination of their territories is an imperative issue. Significant problems may result from decommissioning of cooling ponds with residual radioactive contamination. The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) Cooling Pond is one of the largest self-contained water reservoirs in the Chernobyl region and Ukrainian and Belorussian Polesye region. The 1986 ChNPP Reactor Unit Number Four significantly contaminated the ChNPP Cooling Pond. The total radionuclide inventory in the ChNPP Cooling Pond bottom deposits are as follows: Cs-137: 16.28 +/- 2.59 TBq; Sr-90: 2.4 +/- 0.48 TBq; and Pu239+240: 0.00518 +/- 0.00148 TBq. The ChNPP Cooling Pond is inhabited by over 500 algae species and subspecies, over 200 invertebrate species, and 36 fish species. The total mass of the living organisms in the ChNPP Cooling Pond is estimated to range from about 60,000 to 100,000 tons. The territory adjacent to the ChNPP Cooling Pond attracts many birds and mammals (178 bird species and 47 mammal species were recorded in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone). This article describes several options for the ChNPP Cooling Pond decommissioning and environmental problems associated with its decommissioning. The article also provides assessments of the existing and potential exposure doses for the shoreline biota. For the 2008 conditions, the estimated total dose rate values were 11.4 40 mu Gy h(-1) for amphibians, 6.3 mu Gy h(-1) for birds, 15.1 mu Gy h(-1) for mammals, and 10.3 mu Gy h(-1) for reptiles, with the recommended maximum dose rate being equal to 40 mu Gy h(-1). However, drying the ChNPP Cooling Pond may increase the exposure doses to 94.5 mu Gy h(-1) for amphibians, 95.2 mu Gy h(-1) for birds, 284.0 mu Gy h(-1) for mammals, and 847.0 mu Gy h(-1) for reptiles. All of these anticipated dose rates exceed the recommended values. Health Phys. 99(5):639-648; 2010 C1 [Farfan, E. B.] Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Anal Sect, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Oskolkov, B. Ya.; Bondarkov, M. D.; Gaschak, S. P.; Maksymenko, A. M.; Maksymenko, V. M.; Martynenko, V. I.] Chernobyl Ctr Nucl Safety Radioact Waste & Radioe, Int Radioecol Lab, UA-07100 Slavutych, Ukraine. RP Farfan, EB (reprint author), Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Savannah River Natl Lab, Environm Anal Sect, Bldg 773-42A,Room 236, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM eduardo.farfan@srnl.doe.gov FU Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine; U.S. Department of Energy through Savannah River National Laboratory under Scope of Work [ON8778]; U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CDRF) [UKB1-2884-KV-07] FX The authors would like to thank Mr. Kurt Gerdes, Ms. Ana Han (U. S. Department of Energy) and Mr. Micolai Proskura (Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine) for their support of the collaborative program with IRL. The authors would also like to thank Messrs Oleg Voitsekhovich, Genadyi Laptev (Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute), Jason Davis, John Strack (SRNL Records and Document Control) for their help with the ChNNP Cooling Pond graphical representations and Dr. Tatyana Albert for translating documents and reports prepared at IRL. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through Savannah River National Laboratory under Scope of Work No. ON8778 and U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CDRF Grant UKB1-2884-KV-07). NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 99 IS 5 BP 639 EP 648 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181db2748 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 664GI UT WOS:000282948000005 PM 20938234 ER PT J AU Olson, C Landsberger, S Moore, M AF Olson, Cheryl Landsberger, Sheldon Moore, Murray TI DETERMINATION OF THE INTERNAL EXPOSURE HAZARD FROM PLUTONIUM WORK IN AN OPEN FRONT HOOD SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cost-benefit analysis; neutron activation; plutonium; risk analysis ID DISTRIBUTIONS; PERFORMANCE; PARTICLES AB The particle size and quantity of a plutonium dioxide surrogate escaping an open front hood during routine work was measured. Aerosols were collected using a cascade impactor, and the amount of surrogate on each stage of the impactor was measured using neutron activation analysis. The aerodynamic mass median diameter of particles in the breathing zone of a worker was found to be 0.35 +/- 5.1 mu m. During a 2-h period when normal work activities were mimicked, an average of 3% of the material or 11.13 +/- 0.54 mu g escaped the hood. This was calculated to be equivalent to 10,000 +/- 487 Bq (Pu-239). The activity in the breathing zone of the worker is estimated, based on other research, to be 36 times less than this, or approximately 280 Bq. Worker occupancy factors were considered and a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 mSv was calculated. The cost-benefit analysis showed the use of the open front hood as a reasonable protective measure. Although worker exposure may approach the International Commission on Radiological Protection limit, the cost of the ergonomic injuries caused by work in a glove box is 5,000 times greater than the dose received by the worker. Protective measures such as respiratory protection should be evaluated on a case by case basis to keep worker exposure as low as reasonably achievable. Health Phys. 99(5):662-667; 2010 C1 [Moore, Murray] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Olson, C (reprint author), 411 Maple St, Casco, WI 54205 USA. EM Cheryl_l_olson@msn.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 99 IS 5 BP 662 EP 667 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181de04d0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 664GI UT WOS:000282948000007 PM 20938236 ER PT J AU Christensen, K Reviriego, P Nordman, B Bennett, M Mostowfi, M Maestro, JA AF Christensen, Ken Reviriego, Pedro Nordman, Bruce Bennett, Michael Mostowfi, Mehrgan Maestro, Juan Antonio TI IEEE 802.3az: The Road to Energy Efficient Ethernet SO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB Ethernet is the dominant wireline communications technology for LANs with over 1 billion interfaces installed in the U. S. and over 3 billion worldwide. In 2006 the IEEE 802.3 Working Group started an effort to improve the energy efficiency of Ethernet. This effort became IEEE P802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) resulting in IEEE Std 802.3az-2010, which was approved September 30, 2010. EEE uses a Low Power Idle mode to reduce the energy consumption of a link when no packets are being sent. In this article, we describe the development of the EEE standard and how energy savings resulting from the adoption of EEE may exceed $400 million per year in the U. S. alone (and over $1 billion worldwide). We also present results from a simulation-based performance evaluation showing how packet coalescing can be used to improve the energy efficiency of EEE. Our results show that packet coalescing can significantly improve energy efficiency while keeping absolute packet delays to tolerable bounds. We are aware that coalescing may cause packet loss in downstream buffers, especially when using TCP/IP. We explore the effects of coalescing on TCP/IP flows with an ns-2 simulation, note that coalescing is already used to reduce packet processing load on the system CPU, and suggest open questions for future work. This article will help clarify what can be expected when EEE is deployed. C1 [Christensen, Ken] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Reviriego, Pedro; Maestro, Juan Antonio] Univ Antonio Nebrija, Comp Architecture & Technol Grp, Madrid, Spain. [Nordman, Bruce; Bennett, Michael] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Energy Anal Dept, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Christensen, K (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM christen@csee.usf.edu; previrie@nebrija.es; BNordman@LBL.gov; mjbennett@lbl.gov; mostowfi@csee.usf.edu; jmaestro@nebrija.es RI Reviriego, Pedro/B-8353-2009; Maestro, Juan Antonio/L-6091-2014 OI Reviriego, Pedro/0000-0001-6805-6519; Maestro, Juan Antonio/0000-0001-7133-9026 FU Google Research Award; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [0520081] FX The authors thank the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions that have greatly improved this article. This research was partially supported by a Google Research Award and also partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. This material is partially based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0520081 (Christensen). NR 11 TC 114 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0163-6804 J9 IEEE COMMUN MAG JI IEEE Commun. Mag. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1109/MCOM.2010.5621967 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 676WQ UT WOS:000283949800006 ER PT J AU Kasik, D Stone, M Bailey, M van Dam, A Dill, J Rhyne, TM Foley, J Encarnacao, LM Rosenblum, L Earnshaw, R Ma, KL Wong, PC Encarnacao, JL Fellner, D Urban, B AF Kasik, Dave Stone, Maureen Bailey, Mike van Dam, Andy Dill, John Rhyne, Theresa-Marie Foley, Jim Encarnacao, L. Miguel Rosenblum, Larry Earnshaw, Rae Ma, Kwan-Liu Wong, Pak Chung Encarnacao, Jose L. Fellner, Dieter Urban, Bodo TI Jim Thomas, 1946-2010 In Memoriam SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Kasik, Dave] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Bailey, Mike] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [van Dam, Andy] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Dill, John] Simon Fraser Univ, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Foley, Jim] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Earnshaw, Rae] Univ Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, W Yorkshire, England. [Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Wong, Pak Chung] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kasik, D (reprint author), Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 672BN UT WOS:000283558100003 ER PT J AU Ahrens, JP Heitmann, K Petersen, M Woodring, J Williams, S Fasel, P Ahrens, C Hsu, CH Geveci, B AF Ahrens, James P. Heitmann, Katrin Petersen, Mark Woodring, Jonathan Williams, Sean Fasel, Patricia Ahrens, Christine Hsu, Chung-Hsing Geveci, Berk TI Verifying Scientific Simulations via Comparative and Quantitative Visualization SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID EXPLORATION C1 [Ahrens, James P.; Woodring, Jonathan; Williams, Sean] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Comp Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Heitmann, Katrin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Petersen, Mark] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fasel, Patricia] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Informat Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ahrens, Christine] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Software Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hsu, Chung-Hsing] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Applicat Performance Tools Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Ahrens, JP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Comp Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM ahrens@lanl.gov; heitmann@lanl.gov; mpetersen@lanl.gov; woodring@lanl.gov; seanw@lanl.gov; pkf@lanl.gov; cahrens@lanl.gov; hsuc@ornl.gov; berk.geveci@kitware.com OI Sweeney, Christine/0000-0003-2352-490X; Petersen, Mark/0000-0001-7170-7511 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 EI 1558-1756 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 30 IS 6 BP 16 EP 28 DI 10.1109/MCG.2010.100 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 672BN UT WOS:000283558100006 PM 24807895 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Davis, RJ Lloyd, MT Provencio, PP Prasankumar, RP Hsu, JWP AF Lee, Yun-Ju Davis, Robert J. Lloyd, Matthew T. Provencio, Paula P. Prasankumar, Rohit P. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Open-Circuit Voltage Improvement in Hybrid ZnO-Polymer Photovoltaic Devices With Oxide Engineering SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Hybrid junctions; interface phenomena; photovoltaic (PV) cell materials; PV effect ID SOLAR-CELLS AB We present strategies to improve low open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) for ZnO-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) photovoltaic devices, which are typically <= 0.4 V, but vary among different reports. One factor affecting V(oc) variability is the ZnO bandgap (E(g)), which depends on detailed processing conditions. By decreasing the pyrolysis temperature of sol-gel ZnO films, we increased the ZnO E(g) by 0.14 eV and V(oc) of corresponding bilayer devices by 0.1 V. This is understood as increased donor-acceptor energy-level offset. Next, we demonstrate significant enhancement in V(oc) by depositing conformal amorphous TiO(x) films at the surface of planar ZnO films and ZnO nanorod arrays using a spin-coating method. The TiO(x) coatings monotonically increased V(oc) from 0.4 to 0.8 V for devices with increasing TiO(x) thicknesses from 0 to >= 50 angstrom. Dark current-voltage measurement reveals that the TiO(x) coating significantly decreases the reverse-bias current density, leading to an improvement in V(oc), in excellent agreement with predictions from the modified ideal diode equation. This is consistent with passivation of ZnO surface defects by TiO(x). In short, by varying the solution processing conditions, we modify the bulk and interfacial properties of the metal oxide acceptor, thus leading to systematic improvement in open-circuit voltage. C1 [Lee, Yun-Ju; Davis, Robert J.; Lloyd, Matthew T.; Provencio, Paula P.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Prasankumar, Rohit P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lee, YJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jwhsu@sandia.gov FU Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; AOP PV Program through the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE); U.S. DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors acknowledge D. L. Moore for assisting with ZnO film synthesis and characterization, N. S. Bell for ZnO nanoparticle synthesis, and D. C. Olson for helpful discussions. M. T. Lloyd gratefully acknowledges the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. The transient photoinduced absorption experiment was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U. S. DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. This work was supported by the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and by the AOP PV Program through the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE). Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U. S. DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1587 EP 1594 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2040586 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 736IY UT WOS:000288488400011 ER PT J AU Berry, JJ Widjonarko, NE Bailey, BA Sigdel, AK Ginley, DS Olson, DC AF Berry, Joseph J. Widjonarko, N. Edwin Bailey, Brian A. Sigdel, Ajaya K. Ginley, David S. Olson, Dana C. TI Surface Treatment of NiO Hole Transport Layers for Organic Solar Cells SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Hole transport layer (HTL); metal oxide; organic photovoltaic (OPV) ID OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; WORK FUNCTION; OXIDE; STABILITY; ANODE AB Recent advances in the power-conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has largely been realized through the development of conjugated polymer absorber materials that provide for increased overlap with the solar spectrum as well as proper energy level offset with the electron acceptor. These allow for increased photocurrent and photovoltage, thus resulting in increased performance. Such systems could further be improved through the application of contact materials that have been tuned to minimize losses in carrier and potential losses at the charge-extraction interfaces. To date, these devices continue to use contacts that have not been optimized for the specific active layer components employed. Here, we demonstrate that the electrical and contact properties of NiO can be tuned through careful control of the deposition parameters as well as through surface treatments. The effects of the NiO thin-film processing and properties are investigated for application as a hole transport layer (HTL) in poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester OPV devices. Devices based on the NiO HTLs demonstrate equal performance to those employing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) HTLs. Furthermore, the NiO HTLs enable the application of zinc-oxide-based materials as transparent electrodes. C1 [Berry, Joseph J.; Widjonarko, N. Edwin; Bailey, Brian A.; Sigdel, Ajaya K.; Ginley, David S.; Olson, Dana C.] Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Widjonarko, N. Edwin] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bailey, Brian A.; Sigdel, Ajaya K.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Berry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Photovolta, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dana.olson@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Photovoltaics Program; U.S. Department of Energy; National Renewable Energy Laboratory [DOE-AC36-08GO28308]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences [DE-SC0001084]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001009] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Photovoltaics Program through the Seed Fund Program. The work of J. J. Berry, N. E. Widjonarko, B. A. Baily, A. Miedaner, D. S. Ginley, and D. C. Olson was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory under Contract DOE-AC36-08GO28308. The work of J. J. Berry, A. K. Sigdel, D. S. Ginley, and D. C. Olson was supported by the Center for Interface Science: Solar-Electric Materials (CIS:CEMA), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Sciences, under Award DE-SC0001084. The work of J. J. Berry, D. S. Ginley, and D. C. Olson was supported by the Center for Energy Efficient Materials, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award DE-SC0001009. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1649 EP 1655 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2049347 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 736IY UT WOS:000288488400019 ER PT J AU Zang, HD Ivanov, IN Hu, B AF Zang, Huidong Ivanov, Ilia N. Hu, Bin TI Magnetic Studies of Photovoltaic Processes in Organic Solar Cells SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Bulk-heterojunctions; charge-transfer (CT) complexes; magnetic field effects; organic solar cells ID EXCITON BINDING-ENERGY; CHARGE-TRANSFER STATES; BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; PHOTOCURRENT GENERATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FIELD; RECOMBINATION; FILMS; DISSOCIATION AB In this paper, we use magnetic field effects of photocurrent (MFE(PC)) to study the photovoltaic processes in pristine conjugated polymer, bulk heterojunction, and double-layer solar cells, respectively, based on poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3HT). The MFE(PC) reveals that the photocurrent generation undergoes the dissociation in polaron pair states and the charge reaction in excitonic states in pristine conjugated polymers. As for the bulk-heterojunction solar cells consisting of electron donor P3HT and electron acceptor [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), the MFE(PC) indicates that the dissociated electrons and holes inevitably form the intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) complexes at donor and acceptor interfaces. Essentially, the photocurrent generation relies on the further dissociation of intermolecular CT complexes. Moreover, we use double-layer solar cell to further study the intermolecular CT complexes with well-controlled donor-acceptor interfaces based on double-layer P3HT/TiO(x) design. We find that the increase in free energies can significantly reduce the density of CT complexes upon thermal annealing. C1 [Zang, Huidong; Hu, Bin] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Ivanov, Ilia N.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zang, HD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM bhu@utk.edu RI ZANG, HUIDONG/C-9207-2013; Hu, Bin/A-2954-2015; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015 OI ZANG, HUIDONG/0000-0002-4826-6452; Hu, Bin/0000-0002-1573-7625; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502 FU Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center; Center for Materials Processing at the University of Tennessee FX This work was supported by the Sustainable Energy Education and Research Center and the Center for Materials Processing at the University of Tennessee. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1801 EP 1806 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2049479 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 736IY UT WOS:000288488400038 ER PT J AU Jiang, S Zhang, XC Liang, SA Davis, K AF Jiang, Song Zhang, Xuechen Liang, Shuang Davis, Kei TI Improving Networked File System Performance Using a Locality-Aware Cooperative Cache Protocol SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE Replacement algorithm; locality; cooperative caching; networked file system AB In a distributed environment, the utilization of file buffer caches in different clients may greatly vary. Cooperative caching has been proposed to increase cache utilization by coordinating the shared usage of distributed caches. It allows clients that would more greatly benefit from larger caches to forward data objects to peer clients with relatively underutilized caches. To support such coordination, global cache utilization must be dynamically evaluated. This, in turn, requires an effective analysis of application data access patterns. Existing coordination protocols are demonstrably suboptimal in this respect, exhibiting inefficient memory utilization and undue interference among clients. We propose a locality-aware cooperative caching protocol, called LAC, that is based on analysis and manipulation of data block reuse distance to effectively predict cache utilization and the probability of data reuse at each client. Using a dynamically adaptive synchronization technique, we keep local information up to date and consistently comparable across clients. The system is highly scalable in the sense that global coordination is achieved without centralized control. We have conducted thorough trace-driven simulation experiments to assess the performance differences between LAC and various existing protocols representative of the general class. Using a realistic and representative cost model, we show that the LAC protocol significantly and consistently outperforms existing cooperative caching protocols, demonstrating high and balanced utilization of caches across all clients. In our experiments, LAC reduces block access time by up to 36 percent, with an average of 31 percent, over the system without peer cache coordination, and reduces block access time by up to 22 percent, with an average of 13 percent, over the best performer of the existing protocols. C1 [Jiang, Song; Zhang, Xuechen] Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Liang, Shuang] Ohio State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Davis, Kei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jiang, S (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 5050 Anthony Wayne Dr, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM sjiang@eng.wayne.edu; xczhang@eng.wayne.edu; liangs@cse.ohio-state.edu; kei.davis@lanl.gov FU US National Science Foundation [CCF-0602152, CCF-0702500]; Department of Energy; US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX A preliminary version of the paper has been published in the 26th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS ' 06) 2006. The work presented in the prior publication has been substantially extended. The main differences between these two publications are described in Section 3.2. The research was partially supported by the US National Science Foundation under grants CCF-0602152 and CCF-0702500, and the Accelerated Strategic Computing program of the Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The authors would like to thank Professor Xiaodong Zhang at the Ohio State University for his advice, suggestions, and support of this work. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9340 J9 IEEE T COMPUT JI IEEE Trans. Comput. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1508 EP 1519 DI 10.1109/TC.2010.37 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 653KW UT WOS:000282091200006 ER PT J AU Repins, IL Metzger, WK Perkins, CL Li, JV Contreras, MA AF Repins, Ingrid L. Metzger, Wyatt K. Perkins, Craig L. Li, Jian V. Contreras, Miguel A. TI Correlation Between Measured Minority-Carrier Lifetime and Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 Device Performance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Charge carrier lifetime; photovoltaic cell materials; photovoltaic cell measurements; thin-film devices ID CU(IN,GA)SE-2 THIN-FILMS; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SOLAR-CELLS; EFFICIENCY AB The relationship between lifetime measured by time-resolved photoluminescence on bare Cu(In, Ga)Se-2 films and subsequent device performance is examined. Devices and films from both the laboratory and a 40-MW manufacturing line are examined. A correlation between the device voltage and lifetime is demonstrated. The effects of the measured band gap and carrier density are discussed. A method to account for the effects of varying band-gap and carrier density profiles, without requiring computer modeling, is presented. Results are compared with fundamental calculations. C1 [Repins, Ingrid L.; Perkins, Craig L.; Li, Jian V.; Contreras, Miguel A.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Metzger, Wyatt K.] PrimeStar Solar, Arvada, CO 80004 USA. RP Repins, IL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM ingrid.repins@nrel.gov; wyatt.metzger@primestarsolar.com; craig.perkins@nrel.gov; jian.li@nrel.gov; miguel.contreras@nrel.gov RI Li, Jian/B-1627-2016 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DOE-AC36-08GO28308] FX Manuscript received January 6, 2010; revised April 26, 2010; accepted July 16, 2010. Date of publication September 2, 2010; date of current version November 5, 2010. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DOE-AC36-08GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor P. Panayotatos. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 11 BP 2957 EP 2963 DI 10.1109/TED.2010.2066130 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 670SC UT WOS:000283446600022 ER PT J AU Kowalski, EJ Tax, DS Shapiro, MA Sirigiri, JR Temkin, RJ Bigelow, TS Rasmussen, DA AF Kowalski, Elizabeth J. Tax, David S. Shapiro, Michael A. Sirigiri, Jagadishwar R. Temkin, Richard J. Bigelow, Timothy S. Rasmussen, David A. TI Linearly Polarized Modes of a Corrugated Metallic Waveguide SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE Corrugated waveguide; linearly polarized modes; miter bends; oversized waveguide ID WAVEGUIDE LASER; RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS; CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDES; HYBRID-MODE; ATTENUATION; LOSSES; GAPS AB A linearly polarized (LP(mn)) mode basis set for oversized, corrugated, metallic waveguides is derived for the special case of quarter-wavelength-depth circumferential corrugations. The relationship between the LP(mn) modes and the conventional modes (HE(mn), EH(mn), TE(0n), TM(0n)) of the corrugated guide is shown. The loss in a gap or equivalent miter bend in the waveguide is calculated for single-mode and multimode propagation on the line. In the latter case, it is shown that modes of the same symmetry interfere with one another, causing enhanced or reduced loss, depending on the relative phase of the modes. If two modes with azimuthal (m) indexes that differ by one propagate in the waveguide, the resultant centroid and the tilt angle of radiation at the guide end are shown to be related through a constant of the motion. These results describe the propagation of high-power linearly polarized radiation in overmoded corrugated waveguides. C1 [Kowalski, Elizabeth J.; Tax, David S.; Shapiro, Michael A.; Sirigiri, Jagadishwar R.; Temkin, Richard J.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bigelow, Timothy S.; Rasmussen, David A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bigelow, Timothy S.; Rasmussen, David A.] US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kowalski, EJ (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ejk@mit.edu; dtax@mit.edu; shapiro@psfc.mit.edu; jsirigiri@bridge12.com; temkin@mit.edu; bigelowts@ornl.gov; rassummenda@ornl.gov RI Sirigiri, Jagadishwar/E-6070-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences; U.S. DOE Virtual Laboratory for Technology; U.S. ITER FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, the U.S. DOE Virtual Laboratory for Technology and the U.S. ITER Project managed by Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 58 IS 11 BP 2772 EP 2780 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2010.2078972 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 680FT UT WOS:000284218500006 ER PT J AU Yushkov, GY Anders, A AF Yushkov, Georgy Yu. Anders, Andre TI Origin of the Delayed Current Onset in High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Electric breakdown; discharge; ionization; sputtering ID IONIZATION; IMPACT; ARGON; ATOMS AB Repetitive pulses of voltage and current are applied in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering. The current pulse usually lags the applied voltage by a significant time, which, in some cases, can reach several tens of microseconds. The current time lag is generally highly reproducible and jitters less than 1% of the delay time. This work investigates the time lag experimentally and theoretically. The experiments include several different target and gas combinations, voltage and current amplitudes, gas pressures, pulse repetition rates, and pulse durations. It is shown that, in all cases, the inverse delay is approximately proportional to the applied voltage, where the proportionality factor depends on the combination of materials and the conditions selected. The proportionality factor contains the parameters of ionization and secondary-electron emission. The statistical time lag is negligible, while the formative time lag is large and usually dominated by ion motion (inertia), although, at a low pressure, the long free path of magnetized electrons causing ionization contributes to the delay. C1 [Yushkov, Georgy Yu.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. [Anders, Andre] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yushkov, GY (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Current Elect, Tomsk 634055, Russia. EM gyushkov@opee.hcei.tsc.ru; aanders@lbl.gov RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009; Yushkov, Georgy/O-8024-2015 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505; Yushkov, Georgy/0000-0002-7615-6058 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention, project LBNL-T196, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3028 EP 3034 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2063041 PN 1 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 678OP UT WOS:000284089300004 ER PT J AU Vaze, ND Gallagher, MJ Park, S Fridman, G Vasilets, VN Gutsol, AF Anandan, S Friedman, G Fridman, AA AF Vaze, Nachiket D. Gallagher, Michael J., Jr. Park, Sin Fridman, Gregory Vasilets, Victor N. Gutsol, Alexander F. Anandan, Shivanthi Friedman, Gary Fridman, Alexander A. TI Inactivation of Bacteria in Flight by Direct Exposure to Nonthermal Plasma SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Air sterilization; bioaerosol; dielectric barrier discharge (DBD); plasma medicine; plasma sterilization ID DIELECTRIC-BARRIER DISCHARGES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; OZONE; AIR; STERILIZATION; DECONTAMINATION; OH AB Plasma treatment is a promising technology for fast and effective sterilization of surfaces, waterflow, and airflow. The treatment of airflow is an important area of healthcare and biodefense that has recently gained the interest of many scientists. In this paper, we describe a dielectric barrier grating discharge (DBGD) which is used to study the inactivation of airborne Escherichia coli inside a closed air circulation system. Earlier published results indicate approximately 5-log reduction (99.999%) in the concentration of the airborne bacteria after single DBGD exposure of 10-s duration. This paper investigates plasma species influencing the inactivation. The two major factors that are studied are the effect of charged and short-lived species (direct exposure to plasma) and the effect of ozone. It is shown that for a 25% reduction in direct exposure, the inactivation falls from 97% to 29% in a single pass through the grating. The influence of ozone was studied by producing ozone remotely with an ozone generator and injecting the same concentration into the system, as that produced by the DBGD plasma. The results show a 10% reduction in the bacterial load after 10-s exposure to ozone; thus, ozone alone may not be one of the major inactivating factors in the plasma. C1 [Vaze, Nachiket D.] Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn Sci & Hlth Syst, AJ Drexel Plasma Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gallagher, Michael J., Jr.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. [Vasilets, Victor N.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Energy Problems Chem Phys, Moscow 119334, Russia. [Gutsol, Alexander F.] Chevron Energy Technol Co, Richmond, CA 94802 USA. [Anandan, Shivanthi] Drexel Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Vaze, ND (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Sch Biomed Engn Sci & Hlth Syst, AJ Drexel Plasma Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Vasilets, Victor/I-2643-2014; Vaze, Nachiket/P-2650-2016; OI Vasilets, Victor/0000-0002-7185-6768 NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 11 BP 3234 EP 3240 DI 10.1109/TPS.2010.2072788 PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 678PB UT WOS:000284090500017 ER PT J AU Wang, KY Crow, ML McMillin, B Atcitty, S AF Wang, Keyou Crow, Mariesa L. McMillin, Bruce Atcitty, Stan TI A Novel Real-Time Approach to Unified Power Flow Controller Validation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Real-time-simulation; unified power flow controller ID FACTS DEVICES; SYSTEM OSCILLATIONS; INTERAREA OSCILLATIONS; DESIGN; UPFC; SIMULATION; MODEL AB This paper presents the development of a real-time hardware/software laboratory to interface a soft real-time power system simulator with multiple unified power flow controllers (UPFC) via hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) to study their dynamic responses and validate control and placement approaches. This paper describes a unique laboratory facility that enables large-scale, soft real-time power system simulation coupled with the true physical behavior of a UPFC as opposed to the controller response captured by many other real-time simulators. The HIL line includes a synchronous machine, a UPFC, and a programmable load to reproduce the physical dynamics of the UPFC sub-network. C1 [Wang, Keyou; Crow, Mariesa L.] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [McMillin, Bruce] Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. [Atcitty, Stan] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Wang, KY (reprint author), Missouri Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. OI Crow, Mariesa/0000-0002-2087-9599; McMillin, Bruce/0000-0002-2158-0337 FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0420869]; DOE through Sandia National Laboratories [BD-0071-D]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Manuscript received August 11, 2009; revised January 20, 2010. First published March 29, 2010; current version published October 20, 2010. This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation under CNS-0420869 and in part by the the DOE Energy Storage Program through Sandia National Laboratories under BD-0071-D. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. Paper no. TPWRS-00632-2009. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8950 EI 1558-0679 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 25 IS 4 BP 1892 EP 1901 DI 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2045664 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 670UD UT WOS:000283451900014 ER PT J AU Gerber, S Bremer, PT Pascucci, V Whitaker, R AF Gerber, Samuel Bremer, Peer-Timo Pascucci, Valerio Whitaker, Ross TI Visual Exploration of High Dimensional Scalar Functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE VISUALIZATION CONFERENCE / IEEE INFORMATION VISUALIZATION CONFERENCE CY OCT 24-29, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE Morse theory; High-dimensional visualization; Morse-Smale complex ID NEURAL-NETWORKS; MEAN SHIFT; REGRESSION; SIMULATIONS; REDUCTION; MODEL; TREES AB An important goal of scientific data analysis is to understand the behavior of a system or process based on a sample of the system. In many instances it is possible to observe both input parameters and system outputs, and characterize the system as a high-dimensional function. Such data sets arise, for instance, in large numerical simulations, as energy landscapes in optimization problems, or in the analysis of image data relating to biological or medical parameters. This paper proposes an approach to analyze and visualizing such data sets. The proposed method combines topological and geometric techniques to provide interactive visualizations of discretely sampled high-dimensional scalar fields. The method relies on a segmentation of the parameter space using an approximate Morse-Smale complex on the cloud of point samples. For each crystal of the Morse-Smale complex, a regression of the system parameters with respect to the output yields a curve in the parameter space. The result is a simplified geometric representation of the Morse-Smale complex in the high dimensional input domain. Finally, the geometric representation is embedded in 2D, using dimension reduction, to provide a visualization platform. The geometric properties of the regression curves enable the visualization of additional information about each crystal such as local and global shape, width, length, and sampling densities. The method is illustrated on several synthetic examples of two dimensional functions. Two use cases, using data sets from the UCI machine learning. repository, demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach on real data. Finally, in collaboration with domain experts the proposed method is applied to two scientific challenges. The analysis of parameters of climate simulations and their relationship to predicted global energy flux and the concentrations of chemical species in a combustion simulation and their integration with temperature. C1 [Gerber, Samuel; Pascucci, Valerio; Whitaker, Ross] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bremer, Peer-Timo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Gerber, S (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. FU National Institute of Health [U54-EB005149, 2-P41-RR12553-08]; NSF [CCF-073222]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-CONF-446831]; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by the National Institute of Health grants U54-EB005149 and 2-P41-RR12553-08, and NSF grant CCF-073222.; This was work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-CONF-446831. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 through the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program's Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET). NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1271 EP 1280 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2010.213 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 674PC UT WOS:000283758600047 PM 20975167 ER PT J AU Sanderson, AR Chen, GN Tricoche, X Pugmire, D Kruger, S Breslau, J AF Sanderson, Allen R. Chen, Guoning Tricoche, Xavier Pugmire, David Kruger, Scott Breslau, Joshua TI Analysis of Recurrent Patterns in Toroidal Magnetic Fields SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE VISUALIZATION CONFERENCE / IEEE INFORMATION VISUALIZATION CONFERENCE CY OCT 24-29, 2010 CL Salt Lake City, UT DE Confined magnetic fusion; magnetic field visualization; Poincare map; periodic magnetic fieldlines; recurrent patterns ID OF-THE-ART; FLOW VISUALIZATION; TOPOLOGY; EXTRACTION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS; PLASMA; VORTEX AB In the development of magnetic confinement fusion which will potentially be a future source for low cost power, physicists must be able to analyze the magnetic field that confines the burning plasma. While the magnetic field can be described as a vector field, traditional techniques for analyzing the field's topology cannot be used because of its Hamiltonian nature. In this paper we describe a technique developed as a collaboration between physicists and computer scientists that determines the topology of a toroidal magnetic field using fieldlines with near minimal lengths. More specifically, we analyze the Poincare map of the sampled fieldlines in a Poincare section including identifying critical points and other topological features of interest to physicists. The technique has been deployed into an interactive parallel visualization tool which physicists are using to gain new insight into simulations of magnetically confined burning plasmas. C1 [Sanderson, Allen R.; Chen, Guoning] Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Tricoche, Xavier] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Pugmire, David] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Breslau, Joshua] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sanderson, AR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sci Comp & Imaging Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM allen@sci.utah.edu; chengu@sci.utah.edu; xmt@purdue.edu; pugmire@ornl.gov; kruger@txcorp.com; jbreslau@pppl.gov FU DOE SciDAC Visualization and Analytics Center for Emerging Technology; DOE SciDAC Fusion Scientific Application Partnership FX This work was supported in part by the DOE SciDAC Visualization and Analytics Center for Emerging Technology and the DOE SciDAC Fusion Scientific Application Partnership. The authors wish to thank Raul Sanchez and Steve Hirshman of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the SIESTA fusion data. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 16 IS 6 BP 1431 EP 1440 DI 10.1109/TVCG.2010.133 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 674PC UT WOS:000283758600064 PM 20975184 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Tolbert, LM Kueck, JD Rizy, DT AF Xu, Y. Tolbert, L. M. Kueck, J. D. Rizy, D. T. TI Voltage and current unbalance compensation using a static var compensator SO IET POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID REACTIVE POWER; CURRENT HARMONICS; STATCOM AB A three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based static var compensator (STATCOM) is used for voltage and/or current unbalance compensation. An instantaneous power theory is adopted for real-time calculation and control. Three control schemes - current control, voltage control and integrated control - are proposed to compensate the ur balance of current, voltage or both. The compensation results of the different control schemes in unbalance cases (load current unbalance or voltage unbalance) are compared and analysed. The simulation and experimental results show that the control schemes can compensate the unbalance in load current or in the voltage source. Different compensation objectives can be achieved, that is, balanced and unity power factor source current, balanced and regulated voltage or both, by choosing appropriate control schemes. C1 [Xu, Y.; Tolbert, L. M.; Kueck, J. D.; Rizy, D. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tolbert, L. M.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tolbertlm@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Government [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This manuscript has been prepared by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, managed by UT-Battelle for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.; The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. Accordingly, the US Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish from the contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1755-4535 J9 IET POWER ELECTRON JI IET Power Electron. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 977 EP 988 DI 10.1049/iet-pel.2008.0094 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 683EJ UT WOS:000284454200013 ER PT J AU Huque, MA Tolbert, LM Blalock, BJ Islam, SK AF Huque, M. A. Tolbert, L. M. Blalock, B. J. Islam, S. K. TI Silicon-on-insulator-based high-voltage, high-temperature integrated circuit gate driver for silicon carbide-based power field effect transistors SO IET POWER ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES; DC-DC CONVERTER; DEVICES AB Silicon carbide (SiC)-based field effect transistors (FETs) are gaining popularity as switching elements in power electronic circuits designed for high-temperature environments like hybrid electric vehicle, aircraft, well logging, geothermal power generation etc. Like any other power switches, SiC-based power devices also need gate driver circuits to interface them with the logic units. The placement of the gate driver circuit next to the power switch is optimal for minimising system complexity. Successful operation of the gate driver circuit in a harsh environment, especially with minimal or no heat sink and without liquid cooling, can increase the power-to-volume ratio as well as the power-to-weight ratio for power conversion modules such as a DC DC converter, inverter etc. A silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based high-voltage, high-temperature integrated circuit (IC) gate driver for SiC power FETs has been designed and fabricated using a commercially available 0.8-mu m, 2-poly and 3-metal bipolar-complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-double diffused metal oxide semiconductor (DMOS) process. The prototype circuit's maximum gate drive supply can be 40 V with peak 2.3-A sourcing/sinking current driving capability. Owing to the wide driving range, this gate driver IC can be used to drive a wide variety of SiC FET switches (both normally OFF metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and normally ON junction field effect transistor (JFET)). The switching frequency is 20 kHz and the duty cycle can be varied from 0 to 100%. The circuit has been successfully tested with SiC power MOSFETs and JFETs without any heat sink and cooling mechanism. During these tests, SiC switches were kept at room temperature and ambient temperature of the driver circuit was increased to 200 degrees C. The circuit underwent numerous temperature cycles with negligible performance degradation. C1 [Huque, M. A.; Tolbert, L. M.; Blalock, B. J.; Islam, S. K.] Univ Tennessee, Min H Kao Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Tolbert, L. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Huque, MA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Min H Kao Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tolbertlm@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory [4000047872] FX This work was funded by Oak Ridge National Laboratory through the US DOE's Vehicle Technologies Program through UT Battelle contract no. 4000047872. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1755-4535 J9 IET POWER ELECTRON JI IET Power Electron. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 6 BP 1001 EP 1009 DI 10.1049/iet-pel.2008.0287 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 683EJ UT WOS:000284454200015 ER PT J AU Nemenman, I Hlavacek, WS Jiang, Y Wall, ME Zilman, A AF Nemenman, Ilya Hlavacek, William S. Jiang, Yi Wall, Michael E. Zilman, Anton TI The Third q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Nemenman, Ilya] Columbia Univ, Sch Med, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Hlavacek, William S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Jiang, Yi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wall, Michael E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zilman, Anton] Tel Aviv Univ, Tel Aviv, Israel. [Zilman, Anton] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY USA. OI Alexandrov, Ludmil/0000-0003-3596-4515; Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 331 EP 333 DI 10.1049/iet-syb.2010.9133 PG 3 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 678VB UT WOS:000284108800001 PM 21073232 ER PT J AU Nag, A Faeder, JR Goldstein, B AF Nag, A. Faeder, J. R. Goldstein, B. TI Shaping the response: the role of Fc epsilon RI and Syk expression levels in mast cell signalling SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 05-09, 2009 CL St John Coll, Santa Fe, NM HO St John Coll ID ACTIVATION LOOP TYROSINES; HISTAMINE-RELEASE; HUMAN BASOPHILS; CROSS-LINKING; IGE; SURFACE; ANTIBODY; RECEPTOR; KINASE; PHOSPHORYLATION AB Many receptor systems initiate cell signalling through ligand-induced receptor aggregation. For bivalent ligands binding to mono-or bivalent receptors, a plot of the equilibrium concentration of receptors in aggregates against the log of the free ligand concentration, the cross-linking curve, is symmetric and bell shaped. However, steady state cellular responses initiated through receptor cross-linking may have a different dependence on ligand concentration than the aggregated receptors that initiate and maintain these responses. The authors illustrate by considering the activation of the protein kinase Syk that rapidly occurs after high affinity receptors for IgE, Fc epsilon RI, are aggregated on the surface of mast cells and basophils. Using a mathematical model of Syk activation the authors investigate two effects, one straightforward and one less so, that result in Syk activation not qualitatively following the cross-linking curve. Model predictions show that if the mechanism by which Syk is fully activated involves the transphosphorylation of Syk by Syk, then Syk activation curves can be either bell shaped or double humped, depending on the cellular concentrations of Syk and Fc epsilon RI. The model also predicts that the Syk activation curve can be non-symmetric with respect to the ligand concentration. The cell can exhibit differential Syk activation at two different ligand concentrations that produce identical distributions of receptor aggregates that form and dissociate at the same rates. The authors discuss how, even though it is only receptor aggregates that trigger responses, differences in total ligand concentration can lead to subtle kinetic effects that yield qualitative differences in the levels of Syk activation. C1 [Nag, A.; Goldstein, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Faeder, J. R.] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Computat & Syst Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Nag, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bxg@lanl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R37 GM035556, R37-GM035556, R37 GM035556-26] NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 334 EP 347 DI 10.1049/iet-syb.2010.0006 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 678VB UT WOS:000284108800002 PM 21073233 ER PT J AU Munsky, B Khammash, M AF Munsky, B. Khammash, M. TI Identification from stochastic cell-to-cell variation: a genetic switch case study SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 05-09, 2009 CL St John Coll, Santa Fe, NM HO St John Coll ID BIOCHEMICAL NETWORKS; REGULATORY NETWORKS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MOMENT CLOSURE; TOGGLE SWITCH; NOISE; EXPRESSION; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM; EQUATION AB Owing to the inherently random and discrete nature of genes, RNAs and proteins within living cells, there can be a wide range of variability both over time in a single cell and from cell to cell in a population of genetically identical cells. Different mechanisms and reaction rates help shape this variability in different ways, and the resulting cell-to-cell variability can be quantitatively measured using techniques such as time-lapse microscopy and fluorescence activated cell sorting (or flow cytometry). It has been shown that these measurements can help to constrain the parameters and mechanisms of stochastic gene regulatory models. In this work, finite state projection approaches are used to explore the possibility of identifying the parameters of a specific stochastic model for the genetic toggle switch consisting of mutually inhibiting proteins: LacI and lambda cI. This article explores the possibility of identifying the model parameters from different types of statistical information, such as mean expression levels, LacI protein distributions and LacI-lambda cI multivariate distributions. It is determined that although the toggle model parameters cannot be uniquely identified from measurements that track just the LacI variability, the parameters could be identified from measurements of the cell-to-cell variability in both regulatory proteins. Based upon the simulated data and the computational investigations of this study, experiments are proposed that could enable this identification. C1 [Munsky, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Comp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Munsky, B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat & Stat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Khammash, M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Ctr Control Dynam Syst & Computat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Khammash, M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Munsky, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies & Comp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brian.munsky@gmail.com RI Munsky, Brian/A-1947-2016 OI Munsky, Brian/0000-0001-6147-7329 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 356 EP 366 DI 10.1049/iet-syb.2010.0013 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 678VB UT WOS:000284108800004 PM 21073235 ER PT J AU Sinitsyn, NA Nemenman, I AF Sinitsyn, N. A. Nemenman, I. TI Time-dependent corrections to effective rate and event statistics in Michaelis-Menten kinetics SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 05-09, 2009 CL St John Coll, Santa Fe, NM HO St John Coll ID NONCYCLIC GEOMETRIC PHASE; DISSIPATIVE SYSTEMS; SHIFTS AB n The authors generalise the concept of the geometric phase in stochastic kinetics to a non-cyclic evolution. Its application is demonstrated on kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten reaction. It is shown that the non-periodic geometric phase is responsible for the correction to the Michaelis-Menten law when parameters, such as a substrate concentration, are changing with time. The authors apply these ideas to a model of chemical reactions in a bacterial culture of a growing size, where the geometric correction qualitatively changes the outcome of the reaction kinetics. C1 [Sinitsyn, N. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sinitsyn, N. A.] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Nemenman, I.] Emory Univ, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nemenman, I.] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Nemenman, I.] Emory Univ, Computat & Life Sci Strateg Initiat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sinitsyn, NA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM nsinitsyn@lanl.gov OI Nemenman, Ilya/0000-0003-3024-4244 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 409 EP 415 DI 10.1049/iet-syb.2010.0064 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 678VB UT WOS:000284108800008 PM 21073239 ER PT J AU Yang, J Meng, X Hlavacek, WS AF Yang, J. Meng, X. Hlavacek, W. S. TI Rule-based modelling and simulation of biochemical systems with molecular finite automata SO IET SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd q-bio Conference on Cellular Information Processing CY AUG 05-09, 2009 CL St John Coll, Santa Fe, NM HO St John Coll ID PROTEIN-INTERACTION DOMAINS; FC-EPSILON-RI; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; COMBINATORIAL COMPLEXITY; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; STATE MACHINES; NETWORKS; BIOLOGY; EFFICIENT; SOFTWARE AB The authors propose a theoretical formalism, molecular finite automata (MFA), to describe individual proteins as rule-based computing machines. The MFA formalism provides a framework for modelling individual protein behaviours and systems-level dynamics via construction of programmable and executable machines. Models specified within this formalism explicitly represent the context-sensitive dynamics of individual proteins driven by external inputs and represent protein-protein interactions as synchronised machine reconfigurations. Both deterministic and stochastic simulations can be applied to quantitatively compute the dynamics of MFA models. They apply the MFA formalism to model and simulate a simple example of a signal-transduction system that involves an MAP kinase cascade and a scaffold protein. C1 [Yang, J.; Meng, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Max Plank Soc Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. [Hlavacek, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hlavacek, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hlavacek, W. S.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Max Plank Soc Partner Inst Computat Biol, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. EM jinyang2004@gmail.com FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR18754, P20 RR018754]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM076570, GM076570, GM085273, P50 GM085273] NR 61 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8849 J9 IET SYST BIOL JI IET Syst. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 453 EP 466 DI 10.1049/iet-syb.2010.0015 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Cell Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 678VB UT WOS:000284108800012 PM 21073243 ER PT J AU Ochoa, MT Teles, R Haas, BE Zaghi, D Li, HY Sarno, EN Rea, TH Modlin, RL Lee, DJ AF Ochoa, Maria T. Teles, Rosane Haas, Blake E. Zaghi, Danny Li, Huiying Sarno, Euzenir N. Rea, Thomas H. Modlin, Robert L. Lee, Delphine J. TI A role for interleukin-5 in promoting increased immunoglobulin M at the site of disease in leprosy SO IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B cells; interleukin-5; immunoglobulin; leprosy ID ERYTHEMA-NODOSUM LEPROSUM; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; HUMAN MONOCYTES; B-CELLS; IGA PRODUCTION; SERUM IGA; ANTIBODIES; LYMPHOCYTES; INFECTION; RECEPTOR AB P>Leprosy is an infectious disease in which the clinical manifestations correlate with the type of immune response mounted to the pathogen, Mycobacterium leprae. To investigate which biological pathways or gene sets are over-represented in lepromatous (L-Lep) versus tuberculoid (T-Lep) patients that might be relevant in disease pathogenesis, we compared the gene expression profiles of L-lep versus T-lep skin lesions using knowledge-guided bioinformatic analysis, incorporating data on likely biological functions, including gene ontology information and regulatory data. Analysis of probe sets comparatively increased in expression in L-lep versus T-lep revealed multiple pathways and functional groups involving B-cell genes (P values all < 0 center dot 005) relevant to the dataset. Further pathways analysis of B-cell genes comparatively increased in expression in L-lep versus T-lep lesions revealed a potential network linking the expression of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). Analysis of the leprosy lesions by immunohistology indicated that there was approximately 8% more IgM-positive cells in L-lep lesions than in T-lep lesions. Furthermore, IL-5 synergized in vitro with M. leprae to enhance total IgM secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This pathways analysis of leprosy in combination with our in vitro studies implicates a role for IL-5 in the increased IgM at the site of disease in leprosy. C1 [Ochoa, Maria T.; Teles, Rosane; Modlin, Robert L.; Lee, Delphine J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Dermatol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Haas, Blake E.; Li, Huiying] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol & Med Pharmacol, Crump Inst Mol Imaging, UCLA DOE Inst Genom & Prote, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zaghi, Danny] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. [Sarno, Euzenir N.] Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Leprosy Lab, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Rea, Thomas H.] Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Modlin, Robert L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Dermatol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dellee@mednet.ucla.edu RI Teles, Rosane/E-9607-2017; OI Teles, Rosane/0000-0003-2908-3244; Modlin, Robert/0000-0003-4720-031X FU National Institutes of Health [AI022553, AR053104] FX We thank Dr Matthew Schibler and the Advanced Light Microscopy core facility at the UCLA California Nanosystem Institute for use of the confocal laser microscope and the UCLA Flow Cytometry core laboratories for use of the flow cytometer. We acknowledge the financial support received from the National Institutes of Health (AI022553 to R.L.M. and AR053104 to D.J.L.). NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0019-2805 J9 IMMUNOLOGY JI Immunology PD NOV PY 2010 VL 131 IS 3 BP 405 EP 414 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03314.x PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 660ZN UT WOS:000282690500012 PM 20561085 ER PT J AU Creutz, C Chou, MH Hou, H Muckerman, JT AF Creutz, Carol Chou, Mei H. Hou, Hua Muckerman, James T. TI Hydride Ion Transfer from Ruthenium(II) Complexes in Water: Kinetics and Mechanism SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; HALF-SANDWICH COMPLEXES; ACID-BASE-EQUILIBRIUM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FORMIC-ACID; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CATALYZED HYDROGENATION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POLYPYRIDYL COMPLEXES; ELECTRON-TRANSFER AB Reactions of hydride complexes of ruthenium(II) with hydride acceptors have been examined for Ru(terpy)(bpy)H(+), Ru(terpy)(dmb)H(+), and Ru(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6))(bpy)(H)(+) in aqueous media at 25 degrees C (terpy = 2,2';6',2 ''-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine). The acceptors include CO(2), CO, CH(2)O, and H(3)O(+).CO reacts with Ru(terpy)(dmb)H(+) with a rate constant of 1.2 (0.2) x 10(1) M(-1) s(-1), but for Ru(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6))(bpy)(H)(+), the reaction was very slow, k <= 0.1 M(-1) s(-1) Ru(terpy)(bpy)H(+) and Ru(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6))(bpy)(H)(+) react with CH(2)O with rate constants of (6 +/- 4) x 10(6) and 1.1 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. The reaction of Ru(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6))(bpy)(H)(+) with acid exhibits straightforward, second-order kinetics, with the rate proportional to [Ru(eta(6)-C(6)Me(6))(bpy)(H)(+)] and [H(3)O] and k = 2.2 x 10(1) M(-1) s(-1) (mu = 0.1 M, Na(2)SO(4) medium). However, for the case of Ru(terpy)(bpy)(H)(+), the protonation step is very rapid, and only the formation of the product Ru(terpy)(bpy)(H(2)O)(2+) (presumably via a dihydrogen or dihydride complex) is observed with a k(obs) of ca 4 s(-1). The hydricities of HCO(2)(-), HCO(-), and H(3)CO(-) in water are estimated as +1.48, -0.76, and +1.57 eV/molecule (+34, -17.5, +36 kcal/mol), respectively. Theoretical studies of the reactions with CO(2) reveal a "product-like" transition state with short C-H and long M-H distances. (Reactant) Ru-H stretched 0.68 angstrom (product) C-H stretched only 0.04 angstrom. The role of water solvent was explored by including one, two, or three water molecules in the calculation. C1 [Creutz, Carol; Chou, Mei H.; Muckerman, James T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hou, Hua] Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. RP Creutz, C (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ccreutz@bnl.gov RI Muckerman, James/D-8752-2013 NR 116 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 21 BP 9809 EP 9822 DI 10.1021/ic101124q PG 14 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 668OR UT WOS:000283279800016 PM 20931977 ER PT J AU Moore, EG Xu, JD Jocher, CJ Corneillie, TM Raymond, KN AF Moore, Evan G. Xu, Jide Jocher, Christoph J. Corneillie, Todd M. Raymond, Kenneth N. TI Eu(III) Complexes of Functionalized Octadentate 1-Hydroxypyridin-2-ones: Stability, Bioconjugation, and Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRIPLET-STATE ENERGY; MRI CONTRAST AGENTS; LANTHANIDE(III) LUMINESCENCE; ASSAY; 1-HYDROXY-2-PYRIDINONES; SENSITIZATION; DISTANCES; EMISSION; CHELATE; LIGANDS AB The synthesis, stability, and photophysical properties of several Eu(III) complexes featuring the 1-hydroxypyridin-2-one (1,2-HOPO) chelate group in tetradentate and octadentate ligands are reported. These complexes pair highly efficient emission with exceptional stabilities (pEu similar to 20.7-21.8) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. Further analysis of their solution behavior has shown the observed luminescence intensity is significantly diminished below about pH similar to 6 because of an apparent quenching mechanism involving protonation of the amine backbones. Nonetheless, under biologically relevant conditions, these complexes are promising candidates for applications in Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) assays and synthetic methodology to prepare derivatives with either a terminal amine or a carboxylate group suitable for bioconjugation has been developed. Lastly, we have demonstrated the use of these compounds as the energy donor in a Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) biological assay format. C1 [Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Raymond, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM raymond@socrates.berkeley.edu FU NM [HL69832]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL [DE-ACO2-05CH11231]; German Research Foundation (DFG) FX This work was partially supported by the NM (Grant HL69832) and supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL under Contract No. DE-ACO2-05CH11231. This technology is licensed to Lumiphore, Inc. in which some of the authors have a financial interest. Financial support was provided to C.J.J. by the German Research Foundation (DFG). NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 21 BP 9928 EP 9939 DI 10.1021/ic101133w PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 668OR UT WOS:000283279800028 PM 20873782 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Meyer, G Corbett, JD AF Gupta, Shalabh Meyer, Gerd Corbett, John D. TI Contrasts in Structural and Bonding Representations among Polar Intermetallic Compounds. Strongly Differentiated Hamilton Populations for Three Related Condensed Cluster Halides of the Rare-Earth Elements SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METALS; PHASES; IODIDES AB The crystal and electronic structures of three related R(3)TnX(3) phases (R = rare-earth metal, Tn = transition metal, X = Cl, I) containing extended mixed-metal chains are compared and contrasted: (1) Pr(3)RuI(3) (P2(1)/m), (2) Gd(3)MnI(3) (P21/m), and (3) Pr(3)RuCI(3) (Pnma). The structures all feature double chains built of pairs of condensed R(6)(Tn) octahedral chains encased by halogen atoms. Pr(3)RuI(3) (1) lacks significant Ru-Ru bonding, evidently because of packing restrictions imposed by the large closed-shell size of iodine. However, the vertex Pr2 atoms on the chain exhibit a marked electronic differentiation. These are strongly bound to the central Ru (and to four l), but very little to four neighboring Pr in the cluster according to bond populations, in contrast to Pr2-Pr "bond" distances that are very comparable to those elsewhere. In Gd(3)MnI(3) (2), the smaller metal atoms allow substantial distortions and Mn-Mn bonding. Pr(3)RuCI(3) (3), in contrast to the iodide (1), can be described in terms of a more tightly bound superstructure of (2) in which both substantial Ru-Ru bonding and an increased number of Pr-CI contacts in very similar mixed-metal chains are favored by the smaller closed-shell contacts of chlorine. Local Spin Density Approximation (LSDA) Linearized Muffin-Tin Orbital (LMTO)-ASA calculations and Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) analyses show that the customary structural descriptions in terms of condensed, Tn-stuffed, R-R bonded polyhedral frameworks are poor representations of the bonding in all. Hamilton bond populations (-ICOHP) for the polar mixed-metal R-Tn and the somewhat smaller R-X interactions account for 75-90% of the total populations in each of these phases, together with smaller contributions and variations for R-R and Tn-Tn interactions. The strength of such R-Tn contributions in polar intermetallics was first established or anticipated by Brewer. The rare-earth-metal atoms are significantly oxidized in these compounds. C1 [Corbett, John D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Gupta, Shalabh] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Meyer, Gerd] Univ Cologne, Dept Chem, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. RP Corbett, JD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jcorbett@iastate.edu RI Gupta, Shalabh/H-6214-2012; Meyer, Gerd/B-2391-2014 FU Office of the Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE by Iowa State University [DE-ACO2-07CH11358] FX The authors thank Gordie Miller for his advice and insights on several matters during this venture, including the need for spin-density calculations. This research was supported by the Office of the Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and was carried out in the facilitates of the Ames Laboratory. The Ames Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Iowa State University under contract No. DE-ACO2-07CH11358. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 21 BP 9949 EP 9957 DI 10.1021/ic101216z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 668OR UT WOS:000283279800030 PM 20886870 ER PT J AU Walensky, JR Martin, RL Ziller, JW Evans, WJ AF Walensky, Justin R. Martin, Richard L. Ziller, Joseph W. Evans, William J. TI Importance of Energy Level Matching for Bonding in Th3+-Am3+ Actinide Metallocene Amidinates, (C5Me5)(2)[(PrNC)-Pr-i(Me)(NPr)-Pr-i]An SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SOLVENT DEOXYGENATION; URANIUM COMPLEX; GROUND-STATE; THORIUM; CLEAVAGE; DINITROGEN; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY; ORBITALS AB The synthesis of a rare trivalent Th3+ complex, (C5Me5)(2)[(PrNC)-Pr-i(Me)(NPr)-Pr-i]Th, initiated a density functional theory analysis on the electronic and molecular structures of trivalent actinide complexes of this type for An = Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, and Am. While the 6d orbital is found to accommodate the unpaired spin in the Th3+ species, the next member of the series, Pa, is characterized by an f(2) ground state, and later actinides successively fill the 5f shell. In this report, we principally examine the evolution of the bonding as one advances along the actinide row. We find that the early actinides (Pa-Np) are characterized by localized f orbitals and essentially ionic bonding, whereas the f orbitals in the later members of the series (Pu, Am) exhibit significant interaction and spin delocalization into the carbon- and nitrogen-based ligand orbitals. This is perhaps counter-intuitive since the f orbital radius and hence metal-ligand overlap decreases with increasing Z, but this trend is counter-acted by the fact that the actinide contraction also leads to a stabilization of the f orbital manifold that leads to a near degeneracy between the An 5f and cyclopentadienyl pi-orbitals for Pu and Am, causing a significant orbital interaction. C1 [Walensky, Justin R.; Martin, Richard L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Walensky, Justin R.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Evans, William J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Martin, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rlmartin@lanl.gov; wevans@uci.edu FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy; Glenn T. Scaborg Institute at LANL; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX We thank the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, and the Heavy Element Chemistry program of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy for support of this research. We also thank Dr. Michael K. Takase for assistance with X-ray crystallography and Nathan A. Siladke for assistance with the UV visible spectroscopy. The Glenn T. Scaborg Institute at LANL is gratefully acknowledged for funding (J. R.W.). This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 30 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 21 BP 10007 EP 10012 DI 10.1021/ic1013285 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 668OR UT WOS:000283279800038 PM 20883019 ER PT J AU Moreno, JMC Pol, VG Suh, SH Popa, M AF Moreno, Jose M. Calderon Pol, Vilas G. Suh, Soong-Hyuck Popa, Monica TI Autogenic Synthesis of Green- and Red-Emitting Single-Phase Pr2O2CO3 and PrO1.833 Luminescent Nanopowders SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH SESQUIOXIDES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; PRASEODYMIUM OXIDE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FACILE SYNTHESIS; SPECTRA; NANOPARTICLES; OXYCARBONATE; SYSTEM; SIZE AB This Article reveals a rare synthesis of pure Pr2O2CO3 (POC) nanopowder by thermolysis (700 degrees C) of a single chemical precursor in an autogenic reaction. The autogenic thermolysis of praseodymium acetate is a solvent-free, efficient, and straightforward approach yielding luminescent POC nanoparticles. The as-prepared POC nanopowder converted to PrO1.833 (PO) powder via combustion. Methodical morphological, structural, and compositional characterizations of POC and PO powders are carried out, supported by mechanistic elucidation and the photoluminescent properties. C1 [Moreno, Jose M. Calderon; Popa, Monica] Acad Romana, Inst Phys Chem Ilie Murgulescu, Bucharest 060021, Romania. [Pol, Vilas G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Suh, Soong-Hyuck] Keimyung Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taegu 704701, South Korea. RP Moreno, JMC (reprint author), Acad Romana, Inst Phys Chem Ilie Murgulescu, Splaiul Independentei 202, Bucharest 060021, Romania. EM josecalderonmoreno@yahoo.com RI Calderon Moreno, Jose/B-2867-2008; Popa, Monica/C-4370-2011 OI Calderon Moreno, Jose/0000-0001-8376-9082; Popa, Monica/0000-0002-5661-5931 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 21 BP 10067 EP 10073 DI 10.1021/ic101414x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 668OR UT WOS:000283279800044 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Aydin, A AF Berryman, James G. Aydin, Atilla TI Quasi-static analysis of elastic behavior for some systems having higher fracture densities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE joints; fractures; effective medium theory ID VARIATIONAL APPROACH; RANDOM POLYCRYSTALS; CONSTANTS; ROCKS; ANISOTROPY; BOUNDS; CRACKS; MEDIA AB Elastic behavior of geomechanical systems with interacting (but not intersecting) fractures is treated using generalizations of the Backus and the Schoenberg-Muir methods for analyzing layered systems whose layers are intrinsically anisotropic due to locally aligned fractures. By permitting the axis of symmetry of the locally anisotropic compliance matrix for individual layers to differ from that of the layering direction, we derive analytical formulas for interacting fractured regions with arbitrary orientations to each other. This procedure provides a systematic tool for studying how contiguous, but not yet intersecting, fractured domains interact, and provides a direct (though approximate) means of predicting when and how such interactions lead to more dramatic weakening effects and ultimately to failure of these complicated systems. The method permits decomposition of the system elastic behavior into specific eigenmodes that can all be analyzed, and provides a better understanding about which of these specific modes are expected to be most important to the evolving failure process. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Berryman, James G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aydin, Atilla] Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jgberryman@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-04ER15588] FX Contract/grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; contract/grant number: DE-AC02-05CH11231; Contract/grant sponsor: DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; Contract/grant sponsor: Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences; contract/grant number: DE-FG02-04ER15588 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0363-9061 J9 INT J NUMER ANAL MET JI Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 16 BP 1687 EP 1724 DI 10.1002/nag.874 PG 38 WC Engineering, Geological; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 679PQ UT WOS:000284173700002 ER PT J AU Hibbard, K Janetos, A van Vuuren, DP Pongratz, J Rose, SK Betts, R Herold, M Feddema, JJ AF Hibbard, Kathy Janetos, Anthony van Vuuren, Detlef P. Pongratz, Julia Rose, Steven K. Betts, Richard Herold, Martin Feddema, Johannes J. TI Research priorities in land use and land-cover change for the Earth system and integrated assessment modelling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE land use; land cover; Earth system models; integrated assessment models; research priorities ID CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; GLOBAL VEGETATION MODELS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; USE/LAND COVER; SURFACE ALBEDO; IMPACTS; 21ST-CENTURY; NITROGEN; ENERGY AB This special issue has highlighted recent and innovative methods and results that integrate observations and modelling analyses of regional to global aspect of biophysical and biogeochemical interactions of land-cover change with the climate system. Both the Earth System and the Integrated Assessment modeling communities recognize the importance of an accurate representation of land use and land-cover change to understand and quantify the interactions and feedbacks with the climate and socio-economic systems, respectively. To date, cooperation between these communities has been limited. Based on common interests, this work discusses research priorities in representing land use and land-cover change for improved collaboration across modelling, observing and measurement communities. Major research topics in land use and land-cover change are those that help us better understand (1) the interaction of land use and land cover with the climate system (e.g. carbon cycle feedbacks), (2) the provision of goods and ecosystem services by terrestrial (natural and anthropogenic) land-cover types (e.g. food production), (3) land use and management decisions and (4) opportunities and limitations for managing climate change (for both mitigation and adaptation strategies). Copyright (C) 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright. C1 [Hibbard, Kathy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Janetos, Anthony] Univ Maryland, Joint Global Change Res Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [van Vuuren, Detlef P.] Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Pongratz, Julia] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Betts, Richard] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Herold, Martin] Wageningen Univ, Ctr Geoinformat, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Feddema, Johannes J.] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Hibbard, K (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kathy.hibbard@pnl.gov RI Feddema, Johannes/J-4400-2012; Herold, Martin/F-8553-2012; van Vuuren, Detlef/A-4764-2009; Betts, Richard/P-8976-2015 OI Feddema, Johannes/0000-0002-0800-0908; Herold, Martin/0000-0003-0246-6886; van Vuuren, Detlef/0000-0003-0398-2831; FU International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP); World Climate Research Programmes' Working Group on Coupled Models (WCRP/WGCM) FX The authors wish to thank the Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium (IAMC) and the Analysis, Integration and Modeling of the Earth System (AIMES) core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and the World Climate Research Programmes' Working Group on Coupled Models (WCRP/WGCM) for their support in organizing the workshops that contributed to this work. Specifically, the work was developed from the joint AIMES-IAMC meeting in preparation of scenario analysis for climate change assessment held in Washington DC, 6-8 February 2008, and the IAMC-EMF meeting held in Snowmass, 2008. The authors are grateful for the insights of the other workshop participants during these workshops and for reviews from three anonymous referees. NR 69 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 30 IS 13 BP 2118 EP 2128 DI 10.1002/joc.2150 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 680CZ UT WOS:000284211300018 ER PT J AU Miller, EL Gaillard, N Kaneshiro, J DeAngelis, A Garland, R AF Miller, E. L. Gaillard, N. Kaneshiro, J. DeAngelis, A. Garland, R. TI Progress in new semiconductor materials classes for solar photoelectrolysis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; photoelectrochemical; photoelectrolysis; semiconductor; solar; water-splitting ID TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; WATER; FILMS; HYDROGEN; CELLS AB For several decades, the main body of research in photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production has centered on a small number of semiconductor materials classes, including stable but inefficient metal-oxides, as well as some more efficient materials such as III-V compounds which suffer from high cost and poor stability. While demonstrating some limited success in meeting the rigorous PEC demands in terms of bandgap, optical absorption, band-edge alignment, surface energetics, surface kinetics, stability, manufacturability and cost, none of the 'traditional' PEC semiconductors are adequate for application in water-splitting devices with high performance (greater than 15% solar-to-hydrogen conversion) and long durability (greater than 200 h life). As a result, it is widely held that new semiconductor classes and configurations need to be identified and developed specifically for practical implementation of solar water-splitting. Examples include ternary and quaternary metal-oxide compounds, as well as non-oxide semiconductor materials, such as silicon-carbide and the copper-chalcopyrites. This paper describes recent progress at the University of Hawaii to develop improved semiconductor absorbers and interfaces for solar photoelectrolysis based on polycrystalline tungsten trioxide and polycrystalline copper-gallium-diselenide. Specific advantages and disadvantages of both materials classes in terms of meeting long-term PEC hydrogen production goals are detailed. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Miller, E. L.; Gaillard, N.; Kaneshiro, J.; DeAngelis, A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Garland, R.] US DOE, Off Hydrogen Fuel Cells & Infrastruct Technol, Off Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP DeAngelis, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Nat Energy Inst, 1680 East West Rd,POST 109, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM zeruff@hotmail.com RI Gaillard, Nicolas/M-3713-2016 NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 43 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0363-907X J9 INT J ENERG RES JI Int. J. Energy Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 34 IS 14 BP 1215 EP 1222 DI 10.1002/er.1660 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Energy & Fuels; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 680DL UT WOS:000284212500001 ER PT J AU Hund, SJ Antaki, JF Massoudi, M AF Hund, Samuel J. Antaki, James F. Massoudi, Mehrdad TI On the representation of turbulent stresses for computing blood damage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; Blood hemolysis; Damage; Dissipation ID COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS; K-EPSILON MODEL; SHEAR-STRESS; EXTENDED THERMODYNAMICS; CENTRIFUGAL PUMP; AORTIC VALVES; CELL DAMAGE; FLOW; HEMOLYSIS; PREDICTION AB Computational prediction of blood damage has become a crucial tool for evaluating blood-wetted medical devices and pathological hemodynamics. A difficulty arises in predicting blood damage under turbulent flow conditions because the total stress is indeterminate. Common practice uses the Reynolds stress as an estimation of the total stress causing damage to the blood cells. This study investigates the error introduced by making this substitution, and further shows that energy dissipation is a more appropriate metric of blood trauma. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hund, Samuel J.; Antaki, James F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. [Massoudi, Mehrdad] US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Antaki, JF (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, 700 Technol Dr, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM antaki@cmu.edu RI Antaki, James/S-3051-2016 OI Antaki, James/0000-0002-5430-7353 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 HL089456-01A2] FX The authors express their gratitude to Dr. K.R. Rajagopal for his tutelage, inspiration, dedication, and pursuit of perfection. This work was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (R01 HL089456-01A2). NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 SI SI BP 1325 EP 1331 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.09.003 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 703DX UT WOS:000285955400029 PM 21318093 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, Mehrdad TI A Mixture Theory formulation for hydraulic or pneumatic transport of solid particles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mixture Theory; Continuum mechanics; Solids transport; Coal slurries; Two phase flows; Parallel plates; Multi-phase ID MACROSCOPIC RIGID SPHERES; NON-LINEAR DIFFUSION; GRANULAR-MATERIALS; FLUIDIZED-BEDS; INTERACTING CONTINUA; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; 2-PHASE FLOW; PARTICULATE SUSPENSION; MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION; STRESS CALCULATIONS AB In this paper, we discuss the importance of constitutive modeling of the stress tensors in certain engineering issues, related to the pressure drop and skin friction, encountered in solids transport. To study this problem, we first give a brief account of the formulation of a two-component mixture based on the theory proposed by Massoudi, Rajagopal and co-workers. The mixture consists of a linearly viscous fluid infused with solid particles. The solids particles are modeled as a granular media and it is assumed that the mixture is dense enough so that we can use the theory of interacting continua. The subsequent boundary value problem, flow between two flat plates, is then solved numerically and results for various dimensionless numbers are presented for velocities and volume fraction profiles. The engineering quantities of interests discussed are related to the pressure drop and skin friction at the walls. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US DOE, NETL, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, NETL, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM massoudi@netl.doe.gov NR 124 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 SI SI BP 1440 EP 1461 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.08.005 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 703DX UT WOS:000285955400038 ER PT J AU Shyam, A Lara-Curzio, E AF Shyam, Amit Lara-Curzio, Edgar TI A model for the formation of fatigue striations and its relationship with small fatigue crack growth in an aluminum alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Fatigue striations; Fatigue crack growth; Metals and alloys; Plastic deformation; Modeling ID BULK METALLIC-GLASS; CAST-ALUMINUM; PROPAGATION; MECHANISMS; HEIGHT; WIDTH AB The fatigue crack growth process involves damage accumulation and crack extension. The two sub-processes that lead to fatigue crack extension were quantified separately in a recent model for small fatigue crack growth applicable to engineering alloys. Here, we report the results of an experimental investigation to assess the assumptions of that model. The fatigue striation formation in an aluminum alloy is modeled, and it is verified that the number of cycles required for striation formation is related to the cyclic crack-tip opening displacement. The striation spacing is related to the value of the monotonic crack-tip displacement. It is concluded that extensive crack-tip geometry changes due to plasticity in the aluminum alloy causes a reduction in the slope of the fatigue crack propagation curves. The implications of these results on the fatigue crack propagation lifetime calculations are identified. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shyam, Amit; Lara-Curzio, Edgar] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shyam, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, 1 Bethel Valley Rd,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM shyama@ornl.gov OI Shyam, Amit/0000-0002-6722-4709 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The authors thank Prof. J. Wayne Jones and Dr. Xiaoxia Zhu of the University of Michigan for the femtosecond laser machining experiments. The authors also thank Carl Boehlert (Michigan State University) and Peter Blau (ORNL) for reviewing the manuscript. The research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Temperature Materials Laboratory was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. A portion of this research was conducted at the SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV PY 2010 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1843 EP 1852 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.05.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 634VX UT WOS:000280615000011 ER PT J AU Nath, R Tomov, S Dongarra, J AF Nath, Rajib Tomov, Stanimire Dongarra, Jack TI An Improved Magma Gemm For Fermi Graphics Processing Units SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE GPU BLAS; CUDA matrix mutiply; Fermi; dense linear algebra; hybrid computing AB We present an improved matrix-matrix multiplication routine (General Matrix Multiply [GEMM]) in the MAGMA BLAS library that targets the NVIDIA Fermi graphics processing units (GPUs) using Compute Unified Data Architecture (CUDA). We show how to modify the previous MAGMA GEMM kernels in order to make a more efficient use of the Fermi's new architectural features, most notably their extended memory hierarchy and memory sizes. The improved kernels run at up to 300 GFlop/s in double precision and up to 645 GFlop/s in single precision arithmetic (on a C2050), which is correspondingly 58% and 63% of the theoretical peak. We compare the improved kernels with the currently available version in CUBLAS 3.1. Further, we show the effect of the new kernels on higher-level dense linear algebra (DLA) routines such as the one-sided matrix factorizations, and compare their performances with corresponding, currently available routines running on homogeneous multicore systems. C1 [Nath, Rajib; Tomov, Stanimire; Dongarra, Jack] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dongarra, Jack] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Tomov, S (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, 1122 Volunteer Blvd,Suite 203, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM tomov@eecs.utk.edu RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 FU U.S. National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy; NVIDIA; Microsoft FX This work was supported by NVIDIA, Microsoft, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy. We thank Everett Phillips and Massimiliano Fatica from NVIDIA for the useful discussions and optimization suggestions regarding the Fermi architecture. NR 12 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1094-3420 J9 INT J HIGH PERFORM C JI Int. J. High Perform. Comput. Appl. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 24 IS 4 BP 511 EP 515 DI 10.1177/1094342010385729 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 681XE UT WOS:000284356600008 ER PT J AU Zomorrodian, A Salamati, H Lu, ZG Chen, X Wu, NJ Ignatiev, A AF Zomorrodian, Ali Salamati, Hadi Lu, Zigui Chen, Xin Wu, Naijuan Ignatiev, Alex TI Electrical conductivity of epitaxial La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Epitaxial thin film; Electrical conductivity; Surface exchange coefficient; Relaxation ID CHEMICAL DIFFUSION; SURFACE EXCHANGE; OXYGEN-EXCHANGE; FUEL-CELL; RELAXATION; TRANSPORT; ION; COEFFICIENT; YSZ AB Epitaxial La0 6Sr0 Co-4(0) Fe-2(0) O-8(3-delta) (LSCF) thin films have been grown successfully on single crystal LaAlO3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) AFM micrographs have shown a rms roughness of 5A for the 550 degrees C deposited films The films further exhibited electrical conductivities of as high as 2 3 x 10(3) S cm(-1) at 600 degrees C with an activation energy of 0 09 eV The surface exchange coefficient (k(chem)) of the epitaxial LSCF thin film determined by electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) technique increased with the increasing temperature and reached a value of similar to 5 1 x 10(-6) S cm(-1) at temperatures above 620 C (C) 2010 Professor T Nejat Veziroglu Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Zomorrodian, Ali; Chen, Xin; Wu, Naijuan; Ignatiev, Alex] Univ Houston, Ctr Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Salamati, Hadi] Isfahan Univ Technol, Dept Phys, Esfahan 8415683111, Iran. [Lu, Zigui] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Energy Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zomorrodian, A (reprint author), Univ Houston, Ctr Adv Mat, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RI Chen, Xin/C-7667-2012; OI Chen, Xin/0000-0003-0271-2784; Lu, Zigui/0000-0001-9848-7088 FU R A Welch Foundation [E 632]; State of Texas under the Center for Advanced Materials FX The authors wish to acknowledge the partial support of this work by the R A Welch Foundation under grant E 632, and by the State of Texas under the Center for Advanced Materials NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 22 SI SI BP 12443 EP 12448 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.100 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 681GA UT WOS:000284298200034 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Lee, SHD Papadias, DD AF Ahmed, Shabbir Lee, Sheldon H. D. Papadias, Dionissios D. TI Analysis of trace impurities in hydrogen: Enrichment of impurities using a H-2 selective permeation membrane SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen quality; Trace contaminants; Analytical methods; Impurity enrichment; Dense metal membrane ID SULFIDE; METHANATION; STABILITY; CATALYSTS; CO AB A laboratory scale gas sampling and impurity enrichment device (GSIED) using a Pd/Cu coated Pd-Ag alloy hydrogen selective permeation membrane has been designed, fabricated, and tested to show that such a device provides an effective method to enrich trace impurity species in hydrogen by factors of 10-100 or greater The enrichment process will allow analysis of these impurities in hydrogen using simpler and less expensive analytical instruments that can be deployed in the fields A series of experiments was conducted with the device using a hydrogen analyte gas containing N-2 CH4 and CO2 at similar to 0 1% each, CO at similar to 100 ppm and H2S at similar to 2 ppm Chemical analyses of the impurity enriched sample showed that for the non sulfur species the measured enrichment factors were 14 5-14 9 which closely matched the calculated enrichment factors of 14 8-14 9 The elemental material balances indicated a good accounting of the non sulfur impurity species For the sulfur species some initial sulfur loss was observed presumably due to interaction with the surfaces and/or analytical deficiencies The impurity enrichment factors for such sampling devices are functions of the sampler size and the sample vessel pressures before and after enrichment Depending on the volume of the enriched sample needed for analysis the device can be designed to enrich the impurities in hydrogen by more than a factor of two orders of magnitude for practical and economical field applications (C) 2010 Professor T Nejat Veziroglu Published by Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Ahmed, Shabbir; Lee, Sheldon H. D.; Papadias, Dionissios D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Papadias, DD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. FU U S Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies and Fuel Cell Technologies Program Offices; U S Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE AC 02 06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U S Department of Energy's Vehicle Technologies and Fuel Cell Technologies Program Offices. Argonne National Laboratory is managed for the U S Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE AC 02 06CH11357 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 22 SI SI BP 12480 EP 12490 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.08.042 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 681GA UT WOS:000284298200039 ER PT J AU Groenewold, GS van Stipdonk, MJ Oomens, J de Jong, WA Gresham, GL McIlwain, ME AF Groenewold, Gary S. van Stipdonk, Michael J. Oomens, Jos de Jong, Wibe A. Gresham, Garold L. McIlwain, Michael E. TI Vibrational spectra of discrete UO22+ halide complexes in the gas phase SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Ion spectroscopy; IRMPD; Coordination complex ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; IR-SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; PHOTON DISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-ADJUSTED PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; URANYL COMPLEXES; AB-INITIO; CATION HYDRATION AB The intrinsic binding of halide ions to the metal center in the uranyl molecule is a topic of ongoing research interest in both the actinide separations and theoretical communities. Investigations of structure in the condensed phases are frequently obfuscated by solvent interactions that can alter ligand binding and spectroscopic properties. The approach taken in this study is to move the uranyl halide complexes into the gas phase where they are free from solvent interactions, and then interrogate their vibrational spectroscopy using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD). The spectra of cationic coordination complexes having the composition [UO2(X)(ACO)(3)](+) (where X = F, Cl, Br and I; ACO = acetone) were acquired using electrospray for ion formation, and monitoring the ion signal from the photoelimination of ACO ligands. The studies showed that the asymmetric nu(3) UO2 frequency was insensitive to halide identity as X was varied from Cl to I, suggesting that in these pseudo-octahedral complexes, changing the nucleophilicity of the halide did not appreciably alter its binding in the complex. The nu(3) peak in the spectrum of the F-containing complex was 9 cm(-1) lower indicating stronger coordination in this complex. Similarly the ACO carbonyl stretches showed that the C=O frequency was relatively insensitive to the identity of the halide, although a modest shift to higher wavenumber was seen for the complexes with the more nucleophilic anions, consistent with the idea that they loosen solvent binding. Surprisingly, the vi stretch was activated when the softer anions Cl, Br and I were present in the complexes. IR studies of the anionic complexes [UO2X3](-) (where X =Cl-, Br- and I-) compared the nu(3) UO2 modes versus halide, and showed that the nu(3) values decreased with increasing anion nucleophilicity. This observation was consistent with DFT calculations that indicated that [UO2X2](-) -X-center dot and [UO2X2](center dot)-X- dissociation energies decreased on the order F > Cl > Br > I. The tri-fluoro complex could not be photodissociated in these experiments. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Groenewold, Gary S.; Gresham, Garold L.; McIlwain, Michael E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. [van Stipdonk, Michael J.] Wichita State Univ, Dept Chem, Wichita, KS 67208 USA. [Oomens, Jos] FOM Inst Plasmaphys, Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [de Jong, Wibe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Groenewold, GS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2151 North Blvd, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM gary.groenewold@inl.gov; michael.vanstipdonk@wsu.edu; joso@rijnh.nl; wibe.dejong@pnl.gov RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008; Oomens, Jos/F-9691-2015 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315; FU U.S. Department of Energy; INL Laboratory under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-051D14517]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [CAREER-0239800]; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO); National High Magnetic Field Laboratory [CHE-9909502]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX Work by G.S. Groenewold, G.L. Gresham and M.E. Mcllwain was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, and the INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517. M.J. Van Stipdonk was supported through a grant from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF grant CAREER-0239800).J. Oomens was supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO). The skillful assistance by the FELIX staff, in particular Dr. B. Redlich, is gratefully acknowledged. Construction and shipping of the FT-ICR-MS instrument was made possible through funding from the National High Field FT-ICR Facility (grant CHE-9909502) at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL. A portion of W.A. de Jong's research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 64 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 297 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.06.013 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 685WA UT WOS:000284657600011 ER PT J AU Luo, WH Hu, WY Xiao, SF Deng, HQ Gao, F AF Luo, Wenhua Hu, Wangyu Xiao, Shifang Deng, Huiqiu Gao, Fei TI Phase transition in nanocrystalline iron: Atomistic-level simulations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Sino-German Symposium on Computational Thermodynamics and Kinetics and their Applications to Solidification CY JUN 08-12, 2009 CL Old Benedictine Monastery, Kornelimunster, GERMANY SP RWTH Aachen Univ, Cent S Univ HO Old Benedictine Monastery DE Phase transformation; Nanocrystalline; Molecular dynamics; Gibbs tree energy ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS METHOD; FE-NI ALLOYS; MELTING-POINT; FREE-ENERGY; TEMPERATURE; POTENTIALS; STABILITY; METALS; NUCLEATION; CLUSTERS AB Molecular dynamics simulations, along with the modified analytic embedded atom method, have been employed to study the bcc -> fcc phase transition of nanocrystalline iron The Gibbs free energies of bulk fcc and bcc iron phases are calculated as a function of temperature, and used to determine the bulk phase-transition temperature Furthermore, the transformation temperature in the nanocrystalline iron, with a mean grain size of 3 nm, is determined to be 975 +/- 25 K using the bond-order parameter method The radial-distribution function and common neighbor analysis are used to understand the phase structure of the nanocrystalline iron and the evolution of local atomic structure The snapshots of a two atomic layer thick slice provide a visible scenario of structural evolution during phase transition C1 [Luo, Wenhua; Hu, Wangyu; Xiao, Shifang; Deng, Huiqiu] Hunan Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect Sci, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Luo, Wenhua] Hunan Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Elect Sci, Yueyang, Peoples R China. [Gao, Fei] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental Sci Directory, Washington, DC USA. RP Hu, WY (reprint author), Hunan Univ, Sch Phys & Microelect Sci, Changsha 410082, Hunan, Peoples R China. RI Hu, Wangyu/B-5762-2009; Shifang, Xiao/I-3868-2012; Deng, Huiqiu/A-9530-2009 OI Hu, Wangyu/0000-0001-7416-3994; Deng, Huiqiu/0000-0001-8986-104X NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 EI 2195-8556 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 101 IS 11 BP 1361 EP 1368 DI 10.3139/146.110418 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 686BO UT WOS:000284672000006 ER PT J AU Rieken, JR Anderson, IE Kramer, MJ AF Rieken, Joel R. Anderson, Iver E. Kramer, Matthew J. TI GRAND PRIZE GAS-ATOMIZED CHEMICAL RESERVOIR ODS FERRITIC STAINLESS STEELS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POWDER METALLURGY LA English DT Article AB Gas-atomization reaction synthesis was used to surface oxidize ferritic stainless steel powders resulting in an ultrathin (<100 nm) metastable chromium-enriched oxide shell. Subsequently, the shell was dissociated and served as an oxygen reservoir for the formation of uniformly dispersed nanoscale Y-(Ti, Hf) oxide precipitates during heat treatment of the as-consolidated powders. Powders in the as-atomized and heat-treated conditions were characterized and compared using several electron microscopy techniques. Scanning (SEM), auger (AES), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy were used in conjunction with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) to effectively characterize the oxide layers and the size, shape, location, and chemical composition of the precipitates formed during heat treatment. The goal of these analyses was to determine the composition of the oxide shell and to confirm the exchange of oxygen from the shell to a distribution of finely spaced and highly stable nanoscale oxide particles. Selected examples of the use of these techniques are shown. C1 [Rieken, Joel R.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Anderson, Iver E.; Kramer, Matthew J.] US DOE, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rieken, JR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jrieken@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER POWDER METALLURGY INST PI PRINCETON PA 105 COLLEGE ROAD EAST, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0888-7462 J9 INT J POWDER METALL JI Int. J. Powder Metall. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 46 IS 6 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 696GO UT WOS:000285430100004 ER PT J AU He, Q He, ZL Joyner, DC Joachimiak, M Price, MN Yang, ZK Yen, HCB Hemme, CL Chen, WQ Fields, MW Stahl, DA Keasling, JD Keller, M Arkin, AP Hazen, TC Wall, JD Zhou, JZ AF He, Qiang He, Zhili Joyner, Dominique C. Joachimiak, Marcin Price, Morgan N. Yang, Zamin K. Yen, Huei-Che Bill Hemme, Christopher L. Chen, Wenqiong Fields, Matthew W. Stahl, David A. Keasling, Jay D. Keller, Martin Arkin, Adam P. Hazen, Terry C. Wall, Judy D. Zhou, Jizhong TI Impact of elevated nitrate on sulfate-reducing bacteria: a comparative Study of Desulfovibrio vulgaris SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Desulfovibrio; nitrate; stress response; sulfate-reducing bacteria; functional genomics; systems biology ID SULFIDE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA; GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; PYRUVATE FORMATE-LYASE; HYBRID-CLUSTER PROTEIN; URANIUM-MILL-TAILINGS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; VULGATIS HILDENBOROUGH; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY AB Sulfate-reducing bacteria have been extensively studied for their potential in heavy-metal bioremediation. However, the occurrence of elevated nitrate in contaminated environments has been shown to inhibit sulfate reduction activity. Although the inhibition has been suggested to result from the competition with nitrate-reducing bacteria, the possibility of direct inhibition of sulfate reducers by elevated nitrate needs to be explored. Using Desulfovibrio vulgaris as a model sulfate-reducing bacterium, functional genomics analysis reveals that osmotic stress contributed to growth inhibition by nitrate as shown by the upregulation of the glycine/betaine transporter genes and the relief of nitrate inhibition by osmoprotectants. The observation that significant growth inhibition was effected by 70mM NaNO3 but not by 70mM NaCl suggests the presence of inhibitory mechanisms in addition to osmotic stress. The differential expression of genes characteristic of nitrite stress responses, such as the hybrid cluster protein gene, under nitrate stress condition further indicates that nitrate stress response by D. vulgaris was linked to components of both osmotic and nitrite stress responses. The involvement of the oxidative stress response pathway, however, might be the result of a more general stress response. Given the low similarities between the response profiles to nitrate and other stresses, less-defined stress response pathways could also be important in nitrate stress, which might involve the shift in energy metabolism. The involvement of nitrite stress response upon exposure to nitrate may provide detoxification mechanisms for nitrite, which is inhibitory to sulfate-reducing bacteria, produced by microbial nitrate reduction as a metabolic intermediate and may enhance the survival of sulfate-reducing bacteria in environments with elevated nitrate level. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 1386-1397; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.59; published online 6 May 2010 C1 [He, Zhili; Hemme, Christopher L.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Oklahoma, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, IEG, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [He, Qiang] Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [He, Qiang] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [He, Zhili; Joyner, Dominique C.; Joachimiak, Marcin; Price, Morgan N.; Yang, Zamin K.; Yen, Huei-Che Bill; Hemme, Christopher L.; Chen, Wenqiong; Fields, Matthew W.; Stahl, David A.; Keasling, Jay D.; Keller, Martin; Arkin, Adam P.; Hazen, Terry C.; Wall, Judy D.; Zhou, Jizhong] Univ Missouri, Virtual Inst Microbial Stress & Survival, Columbia, SC USA. [Joyner, Dominique C.; Hazen, Terry C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Joachimiak, Marcin; Price, Morgan N.; Keasling, Jay D.; Arkin, Adam P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA USA. [Yang, Zamin K.; Keller, Martin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Yen, Huei-Che Bill; Wall, Judy D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. [Yen, Huei-Che Bill; Wall, Judy D.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. [Chen, Wenqiong] Diversa Corp, San Diego, CA USA. [Fields, Matthew W.] Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Stahl, David A.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Arkin, Adam P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Stephenson Res & Technol Ctr, IEG, Dept Bot & Microbiol, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jzhou@ou.edu RI He, Qiang/G-9061-2011; Keller, Martin/C-4416-2012; Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; He, Zhili/C-2879-2012; Arkin, Adam/A-6751-2008; Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012; OI He, Qiang/0000-0002-7155-6474; Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Arkin, Adam/0000-0002-4999-2931; Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993; Price, Morgan/0000-0002-4251-0362 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX This work was a part of the Environmental Stress Pathway Project (ESPP) of the Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival (http://vimss.lbl.gov) supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Genomics: GTL Program, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 55 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1386 EP 1397 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.59 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 701DE UT WOS:000285793700004 PM 20445634 ER PT J AU Singer, SW Erickson, BK VerBerkmoes, NC Hwang, M Shah, MB Hettich, RL Banfield, JF Thelen, MP AF Singer, Steven W. Erickson, Brian K. VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Hwang, Mona Shah, Manesh B. Hettich, Robert L. Banfield, Jillian F. Thelen, Michael P. TI Posttranslational modification and sequence variation of redox-active proteins correlate with biofilm life cycle in natural microbial communities SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE metagenomics; proteomics; cytochrome; variation; redox ID ACID-MINE DRAINAGE; ACIDITHIOBACILLUS-FERROOXIDANS; GROUP-II; BACTERIA; PROTEOMICS; GENOMES AB Characterizing proteins recovered from natural microbial communities affords the opportunity to correlate protein expression and modification with environmental factors, including species composition and successional stage. Proteogenomic and biochemical studies of pellicle biofilms from subsurface acid mine drainage streams have shown abundant cytochromes from the dominant organism, Leptospirillum Group II. These cytochromes are proposed to be key proteins in aerobic Fe(II) oxidation, the dominant mode of cellular energy generation by the biofilms. In this study, we determined that posttranslational modification and expression of amino-acid sequence variants change as a function of biofilm maturation. For Cytochrome(579) (Cyt(579)), the most abundant cytochrome in the biofilms, late developmental-stage biofilms differed from early-stage biofilms in N-terminal truncations and decreased redox potentials. Expression of sequence variants of two monoheme c-type cytochromes also depended on biofilm development. For Cyt(572), an abundant membrane-bound cytochrome, the expression of multiple sequence variants was observed in both early and late developmental-stage biofilms; however, redox potentials of Cyt(572) from these different sources did not vary significantly. These cytochrome analyses show a complex response of the Leptospirillum Group II electron transport chain to growth within a microbial community and illustrate the power of multiple proteomics techniques to define biochemistry in natural systems. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 1398-1409; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.64; published online 20 May 2010 C1 [Singer, Steven W.; Hwang, Mona; Thelen, Michael P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA USA. [Erickson, Brian K.; VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.; Hettich, Robert L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Shah, Manesh B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erickson, Brian K.] Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Singer, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90-R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM SWSinger@lbl.gov RI Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; Thelen, Michael/C-6834-2008; Thelen, Michael/G-2032-2014 OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480; Thelen, Michael/0000-0002-2479-5480 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE Office of Science [DE-FG02-05ER64134] FX We are grateful to the Banfield laboratory members at the University of California, Berkeley, for obtaining biofilm samples, and to TW Arman, President, Iron Mountain Mines, R Sugarek, EPA, and R Carver for site access and on-site assistance. We thank Mary Ann Gawinowicz at the Columbia University Protein Core Facility for N-terminal sequence analysis, and Stephanie Malfatti at LLNL for DNA sequencing. This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and was funded by the DOE Office of Science, Genomics: GTL Program grant DE-FG02-05ER64134 to JFB, RLH and MPT. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1398 EP 1409 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.64 PG 12 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 701DE UT WOS:000285793700005 PM 20485387 ER PT J AU Wrighton, KC Virdis, B Clauwaert, P Read, ST Daly, RA Boon, N Piceno, Y Andersen, GL Coates, JD Rabaey, K AF Wrighton, Kelly C. Virdis, Bernardino Clauwaert, Peter Read, Suzanne T. Daly, Rebecca A. Boon, Nico Piceno, Yvette Andersen, Gary L. Coates, John D. Rabaey, Korneel TI Bacterial community structure corresponds to performance during cathodic nitrate reduction SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microbial fuel cell; bioelectrochemical system; nitrate; chemolithotrophic; PhyloChip ID MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS; NITRIFIER DENITRIFICATION; NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA; FUNCTIONAL REDUNDANCY; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ELECTRICITY; ECOLOGY; URANIUM; SLUDGE; BIODIVERSITY AB Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have applications other than electricity production, including the capacity to power desirable reactions in the cathode chamber. However, current knowledge of the microbial ecology and physiology of biocathodes is minimal, and as a result more research dedicated to understanding the microbial communities active in cathode biofilms is required. Here we characterize the microbiology of denitrifying bacterial communities stimulated by reducing equivalents generated from the anodic oxidation of acetate. We analyzed biofilms isolated from two types of cathodic denitrification systems: (1) a loop format where the effluent from the carbon oxidation step in the anode is subjected to a nitrifying reactor which is fed to the cathode chamber and (2) an alternative non-loop format where anodic and cathodic feed streams are separated. The results of our study indicate the superior performance of the loop reactor in terms of enhanced current production and nitrate removal rates. We hypothesized that phylogenetic or structural features of the microbial communities could explain the increased performance of the loop reactor. We used PhyloChip with 16S rRNA (cDNA) and fluorescent in situ hybridization to characterize the active bacterial communities. Our study results reveal a greater richness, as well as an increased phylogenetic diversity, active in denitrifying biofilms than was previously identified in cathodic systems. Specifically, we identified Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi members that were dominant in denitrifying cathodes. In addition, our study results indicate that it is the structural component, in terms of bacterial richness and evenness, rather than the phylogenetic affiliation of dominant bacteria, that best corresponds to cathode performance. The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 1443-1455; doi: 10.1038/ismej.2010.66; published online 3 June 2010 C1 [Virdis, Bernardino; Read, Suzanne T.; Rabaey, Korneel] Univ Queensland, Adv Water Management Ctr, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Wrighton, Kelly C.; Daly, Rebecca A.; Coates, John D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Clauwaert, Peter; Boon, Nico] Univ Ghent, Lab Microbial Ecol & Technol, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Piceno, Yvette; Andersen, Gary L.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rabaey, K (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Adv Water Management Ctr, Level 4,Gehrmann 60, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM k.rabaey@uq.edu.au RI Boon, Nico/B-4083-2011; Virdis, Bernardino/B-2665-2014; Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016; OI Boon, Nico/0000-0002-7734-3103; Virdis, Bernardino/0000-0001-8036-8937; Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699; Clauwaert, Peter/0000-0003-0439-5081; Rabaey, Korneel/0000-0001-8738-7778 FU UC Berkeley Chang Tien Fellowship for Biodiversity research; US Environmental Protection Agency [FP-916933]; University of Cagliari, Italy; Australian Research Council [DP0666927, DP0879245] FX We thank Cameron Thrash for discussions pertaining to bacterial physiology as well as Eoin Brodie and Todd DeSantis for informative discussions pertaining to the analysis of PhyloChip data. Funding for KW was through the UC Berkeley Chang Tien Fellowship for Biodiversity research. RAD was supported under a STAR Research Assistance Agreement no. FP-916933 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. BV was supported by the International PhD program in Engineering and Environmental Sciences granted by the University of Cagliari, Italy. BV, SR and KR thank the Australian Research Council for funding (Grant nos. DP0666927 and DP0879245). NR 48 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 11 U2 80 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 1443 EP 1455 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.66 PG 13 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 701DE UT WOS:000285793700009 PM 20520654 ER PT J AU Kucheyev, SO Hamza, AV AF Kucheyev, S. O. Hamza, A. V. TI Condensed hydrogen for thermonuclear fusion SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASTICITY; SOLID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM; NIF IGNITION TARGETS; POROUS VYCOR GLASS; MATRIX-ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY; LIQUID-FUEL LAYER; RADIOACTIVELY INDUCED SUBLIMATION; MULTIPLE SHADOWGRAPH VIEWS; CRYOGENIC ICF TARGET AB Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) power, in either pure fusion or fission-fusion hybrid reactors, is a possible solution for future world's energy demands. Formation of uniform layers of a condensed hydrogen fuel in ICF targets has been a long standing materials physics challenge. Here, we review the progress in this field. After a brief discussion of the major ICF target designs and the basic properties of condensed hydrogens, we review both liquid and solid layering methods, physical mechanisms causing layer nonuniformity, growth of hydrogen single crystals, attempts to prepare amorphous and nanostructured hydrogens, and mechanical deformation behavior. Emphasis is given to current challenges defining future research areas in the field of condensed hydrogens for fusion energy applications. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3489943] C1 [Kucheyev, S. O.; Hamza, A. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kucheyev, SO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kucheyev@llnl.gov FU U.S. DOE by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We are grateful to a number of people involved in this work through collaboration and discussion, including L. J. Atherton, T. van Buuren, A. A. Chernov, G. H. Gilmer, S. W. Haan, T. Y. J. Han, M. A. Johnson, J. A. Koch, B. J. Kozioziemski, J. I. R. Lee, J. B. Lugten, E. R. Mapoles, J. D. Moody, B. Sadigh, J. D. Sater, and T. M. Willey. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 241 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 091101 DI 10.1063/1.3489943 PG 28 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900001 ER PT J AU Liang, LY Li, YL Hu, SY Chen, LQ Lu, GH AF Liang, Linyun Li, Y. L. Hu, S. Y. Chen, Long-Qing Lu, Guang-Hong TI Piezoelectric anisotropy of a KNbO3 single crystal SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PEROVSKITE CRYSTALS; CERAMICS; TEMPERATURE; POLARIZATION; BATIO3 AB Orientation dependence of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficients (d*(33)) of a KNbO3 single crystal has been investigated as a function of temperature by using the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire phenomenological theory. It is shown that the maximum of d(33)* is not always along the polarization direction of the ferroelectric phase. The enhancement of d(33)* along a nonpolar direction is attributed to a ferroelectric phase transition at which a polarization changes its direction. In the tetragonal phase, the maximum of d(33)(t)* at high temperatures is along the tetragonal polar direction and then changes its direction toward the polar direction of the orthorhombic phase when the temperature is close to the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition. The maximum of d(33)(o)* of the orthorhombic phase depends on both the high-temperature and low temperature ferroelectric phase transitions. In the rhombohedral phase, the maximum of d(33)(r)* is relatively insensitive to temperature due to the absence of any further phase transitions in the low temperature regime. These results can be generalized to the phase transitions induced by external electric field, pressure, and composition variations. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3511336] C1 [Liang, Linyun; Lu, Guang-Hong] Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dept Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Li, Y. L.; Hu, S. Y.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Liang, Linyun; Chen, Long-Qing] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Liang, LY (reprint author), Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dept Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM lgh@buaa.edu.cn RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012; OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781; HU, Shenyang/0000-0002-7187-3082 FU NSF [ECCS-0708759, DMR-0507146] FX The work is partially supported by NSF under Grant No. ECCS-0708759 and DMR-0507146. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 094111 DI 10.1063/1.3511336 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900112 ER PT J AU Luo, SN Germann, TC Tonks, DL An, Q AF Luo, Sheng-Nian Germann, Timothy C. Tonks, Davis L. An, Qi TI Shock wave loading and spallation of copper bicrystals with asymmetric Sigma 3 < 110 > tilt grain boundaries SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; METALS; SIMULATIONS AB We investigate the effect of asymmetric grain boundaries (GBs) on the shock response of Cu bicrystals with molecular dynamics simulations. We choose a representative Sigma 3 < 110 > tilt GB type, (110)(1)/(114)(2), and a grain size of about 15 nm. The shock loading directions lie on the GB plane and are along [00 (1) over bar] and [22 (1) over bar] for the two constituent crystals. The bicrystal is characterized in terms of local structure, shear strain, displacement, stress and temperature during shock compression, and subsequent release and tension. The shock response of the bicrystal manifests pronounced deviation from planar loading as well as strong stress and strain concentrations, due to GBs and the strong anisotropy in elasticity and plasticity. We explore incipient to full spallation. Voids nucleate either at GBs or on GB-initiated shear planes, and the spall damage also depends on grain orientation. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3506707] C1 [Luo, Sheng-Nian; Germann, Timothy C.; Tonks, Davis L.; An, Qi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [An, Qi] CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI An, Qi/G-4517-2011; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; An, Qi/I-6985-2012 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; FU Advanced Simulation and Computation (ASC) and Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work is supported by the Advanced Simulation and Computation (ASC) and Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) programs at LANL. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. We have benefited from discussions with M. Demkowicz, C. Brandl, A. Koskelo, and D. Dennis-Koller. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 093526 DI 10.1063/1.3506707 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900055 ER PT J AU Park, H Beresford, R Hong, S Xu, J AF Park, Hongsik Beresford, Roderic Hong, Seungbum Xu, Jimmy TI Geometry- and size-dependence of electrical properties of metal contacts on semiconducting nanowires SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SILICON NANOWIRES; RESISTANCE; JUNCTIONS; BARRIERS; DEVICES AB We report on a theoretical study of the geometry-and size-dependent effects of metal-semiconductor contacts to understand the origins of significant contact effects on nanowire (NW) devices. The difference in metal-semiconductor barrier width and height for a planar and NW device is calculated based on the differences in depletion-layer width and image-force barrier-lowering effects. We calculate the ratio of the specific contact resistance of a NW contact to that of a planar contact assuming the two systems have been made of the same material set. Using a modified cylindrical transmission line model, we compare the effects of contacts in the two systems and discuss the reasons for larger contact effects in NW devices. The study suggests that the formation of a higher doping concentration in the contact regions is essential for better NW transistors. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3499698] C1 [Park, Hongsik; Beresford, Roderic; Xu, Jimmy] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Hong, Seungbum] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, H (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM hongsik_park@brown.edu RI Hong, Seungbum/B-7708-2009 OI Hong, Seungbum/0000-0002-2667-1983 FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-07-1-1131]; SNU; NRI/NSF [DMR0520651]; UChicago Argonne, a U.S. DOE Office of Science Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N00014-07-1-1131) and the WCU program at SNU. RB is supported by an NRI/NSF Supplement to the NSF MRSEC under Award No. DMR0520651. S.H. acknowledges financial support by UChicago Argonne, a U.S. DOE Office of Science Laboratory, operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 094308 DI 10.1063/1.3499698 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900123 ER PT J AU Raitses, Y Merino, E Fisch, NJ AF Raitses, Yevgeny Merino, Enrique Fisch, Nathaniel J. TI Cylindrical Hall thrusters with permanent magnets SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-FIELD TRANSPORT AB The use of permanent magnets instead of electromagnet coils for low power Hall thrusters can offer a significant reduction in both the total electric power consumption and the thruster mass. Two permanent magnet versions of the miniaturized cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) of different overall dimensions were operated in the power range of 50-300 W. The discharge and plasma plume measurements revealed that the CHT thrusters with permanent magnets and electromagnet coils operate rather differently. In particular, the angular ion current density distribution from the permanent magnet thrusters has an unusual halo shape, with a majority of high energy ions flowing at large angles with respect to the thruster centerline. Differences in the magnetic field topology outside the thruster channel and in the vicinity of the channel exit are likely responsible for the differences in the plume characteristics measured for the CHTs with electromagnets and permanent magnets. It is shown that the presence of the reversing-direction or cusp-type magnetic field configuration inside the thruster channel without a strong axial magnetic field outside the thruster channel does not lead to the halo plasma plume from the CHT. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3499694] C1 [Raitses, Yevgeny; Merino, Enrique; Fisch, Nathaniel J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Raitses, Y (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM yraitses@pppl.gov FU AFOSR; U.S. Department of Energy [AC02-76CH0-3073] FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Kevin Diamant of the Aerospace Corporation and Dr. Kurt Polzin of NASA Marshall SFC for fruitful discussions. The authors are grateful to Mr. Jean Carlos Gayoso of the PPPL for his assistance with simulations and measurements of the magnetic field. This work was supported by the AFOSR and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. AC02-76CH0-3073. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 093307 DI 10.1063/1.3499694 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900026 ER PT J AU Teixeira, FS Salvadori, MC Cattani, M Brown, IG AF Teixeira, F. S. Salvadori, M. C. Cattani, M. Brown, I. G. TI Structure of disordered gold-polymer thin films using small angle x-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; PMMA MATRIX; NANOPARTICLES; POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; DEPOSITION; FIELD AB We have investigated the structure of disordered gold-polymer thin films using small angle x-ray scattering and compared the results with the predictions of a theoretical model based on two approaches-a structure form factor approach and the generalized Porod law. The films are formed of polymer-embedded gold nanoclusters and were fabricated by very low energy gold ion implantation into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The composite films span (with dose variation) the transition from electrically insulating to electrically conducting regimes, a range of interest fundamentally and technologically. We find excellent agreement with theory and show that the PMMA-Au films have monodispersive or polydispersive characteristics depending on the implanted ion dose. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3493241] C1 [Teixeira, F. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Polytech Sch, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Salvadori, M. C.; Cattani, M.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Brown, I. G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Teixeira, FS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Polytech Sch, Ave Prof Luciano Gualberto,Travessa R-158, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM mcsalvadori@if.usp.br RI Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013; Teixeira, Fernanda/A-9395-2013; Cattani, Mauro/N-9749-2013 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil FX This work was supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazil. We thank the Laboratorio de Cristalografia (LCr-IFUSP) for the use of SAXS Nanostar (Bruker) equipment as well the support given by Professor Dr. M. C. A. Fantini and A. C. Franco. We also thank the Ms. Virginia Paiva for support at the IFUSP library. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 108 IS 9 AR 093505 DI 10.1063/1.3493241 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680XN UT WOS:000284270900034 ER PT J AU Amat, F Comolli, LR Nomellini, JF Moussavi, F Downing, KH Smit, J Horowitz, M AF Amat, Fernando Comolli, Luis R. Nomellini, John F. Moussavi, Farshid Downing, Kenneth H. Smit, John Horowitz, Mark TI Analysis of the Intact Surface Layer of Caulobacter crescentus by Cryo-Electron Tomography SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARACRYSTALLINE S-LAYER; C-TERMINAL SECRETION; ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; PROTEIN SECRETION; FRESH-WATER; MORPHOGENESIS; LOCALIZATION; ATTACHMENT; ALIGNMENT; BACTERIA AB The surface layers (S layers) of those bacteria and archaea that elaborate these crystalline structures have been studied for 40 years. However, most structural analysis has been based on electron microscopy of negatively stained S-layer fragments separated from cells, which can introduce staining artifacts and allow rearrangement of structures prone to self-assemble. We present a quantitative analysis of the structure and organization of the S layer on intact growing cells of the Gram-negative bacterium Caulobacter crescentus using cryo-electron tomography (CET) and statistical image processing. Instead of the expected long-range order, we observed different regions with hexagonally organized subunits exhibiting short-range order and a broad distribution of periodicities. Also, areas of stacked double layers were found, and these increased in extent when the S-layer protein (RsaA) expression level was elevated by addition of multiple rsaA copies. Finally, we combined high-resolution amino acid residue-specific Nanogold labeling and subtomogram averaging of CET volumes to improve our understanding of the correlation between the linear protein sequence and the structure at the 2-nm level of resolution that is presently available. The results support the view that the U-shaped RsaA monomer predicted from negative-stain tomography proceeds from the N terminus at one vertex, corresponding to the axis of 3-fold symmetry, to the C terminus at the opposite vertex, which forms the prominent 6-fold symmetry axis. Such information will help future efforts to analyze subunit interactions and guide selection of internal sites for display of heterologous protein segments. C1 [Amat, Fernando; Moussavi, Farshid; Horowitz, Mark] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Comolli, Luis R.; Downing, Kenneth H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nomellini, John F.; Smit, John] Univ British Columbia, Inst Life Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Amat, F (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM famat@stanford.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Basic Research Grants under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231 to Harley McAdams and K.H.D. and from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to J.S. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 192 IS 22 BP 5855 EP 5865 DI 10.1128/JB.00747-10 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 672BZ UT WOS:000283559300001 PM 20833802 ER PT J AU Elkins, JG Lochner, A Hamilton-Brehm, SD Davenport, KW Podar, M Brown, SD Land, ML Hauser, LJ Klingeman, DM Raman, B Goodwin, LA Tapia, R Meincke, LJ Detter, JC Bruce, DC Han, CS Palumbo, AV Cottingham, RW Keller, M Graham, DE AF Elkins, James G. Lochner, Adriane Hamilton-Brehm, Scott D. Davenport, Karen Walston Podar, Mircea Brown, Steven D. Land, Miriam L. Hauser, Loren J. Klingeman, Dawn M. Raman, Babu Goodwin, Lynne A. Tapia, Roxanne Meincke, Linda J. Detter, J. Chris Bruce, David C. Han, Cliff S. Palumbo, Anthony V. Cottingham, Robert W. Keller, Martin Graham, David E. TI Complete Genome Sequence of the Cellulolytic Thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47T SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis OB47T (ATCC BAA-2073, JCM 16842) is an extremely thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium capable of hydrolyzing plant-derived polymers through the expression of multidomain/multifunctional hydrolases. The complete genome sequence reveals a diverse set of carbohydrate-active enzymes and provides further insight into lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis at high temperatures. C1 [Elkins, James G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Davenport, Karen Walston; Goodwin, Lynne A.; Tapia, Roxanne; Meincke, Linda J.; Bruce, David C.; Han, Cliff S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Detter, J. Chris] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Elkins, JG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, BioEnergy Sci Ctr, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM elkinsjg@ornl.gov RI Graham, David/F-8578-2010; Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Klingeman, Dawn/B-9415-2012; Keller, Martin/C-4416-2012; Hauser, Loren/H-3881-2012; Elkins, James/A-6199-2011; Land, Miriam/A-6200-2011; Brown, Steven/A-6792-2011; OI Graham, David/0000-0001-8968-7344; Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Klingeman, Dawn/0000-0002-4307-2560; Elkins, James/0000-0002-8052-5688; Land, Miriam/0000-0001-7102-0031; Brown, Steven/0000-0002-9281-3898; Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; U.S. DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research; University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX The BioEnergy Science Center is a U.S. DOE Bioenergy Research Center supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Work at the JGI is performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research Program and by the University of California Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-06NA25396. NR 10 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 192 IS 22 BP 6099 EP 6100 DI 10.1128/JB.00950-10 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 672BZ UT WOS:000283559300028 PM 20851897 ER PT J AU Miller, TR Delcher, AL Salzberg, SL Saunders, E Detter, JC Halden, RU AF Miller, Todd R. Delcher, Arthur L. Salzberg, Steven L. Saunders, Elizabeth Detter, John C. Halden, Rolf U. TI Genome Sequence of the Dioxin-Mineralizing Bacterium Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAIN RW1 AB Pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins pose a serious threat to human and environmental health. Natural attenuation of these compounds by microorganisms provides one promising avenue for their removal from contaminated areas. Over the past 2 decades, studies of the bacterium Sphingomonas wittichii RW1 have provided a wealth of knowledge about how bacteria metabolize chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Here we describe the finished genome sequence of S. wittichii RW1 and major findings from its annotation. C1 [Halden, Rolf U.] Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Miller, Todd R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Delcher, Arthur L.; Salzberg, Steven L.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Bioinformat & Computat Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Saunders, Elizabeth; Detter, John C.] US DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. RP Halden, RU (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Biodesign Inst, 1001 S McAllister Ave,POB 875701, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM halden@asu.edu RI Halden, Rolf/F-9562-2010; Salzberg, Steven/F-6162-2011 OI Halden, Rolf/0000-0001-5232-7361; Salzberg, Steven/0000-0002-8859-7432 FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [R01ES015445] FX The project described was supported in part by the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) and by award number R01ES015445 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIEHS or the National Institutes of Health. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 192 IS 22 BP 6101 EP 6102 DI 10.1128/JB.01030-10 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 672BZ UT WOS:000283559300029 PM 20833805 ER PT J AU Katan, C Blanchard-Desce, M Tretiak, S AF Katan, Claudine Blanchard-Desce, Mireille Tretiak, Sergei TI Position Isomerism on One and Two Photon Absorption in Multibranched Chromophores: A TDDFT Investigation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL PROPERTIES; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; PUSH-PULL CHROMOPHORES; PHENYLACETYLENE DENDRIMERS; CLICK CHEMISTRY; CHARGE-TRANSFER; LARGE MOLECULES; EXCITED-STATES; HYPERBRANCHED POLYTRIAZOLES; COOPERATIVE ENHANCEMENT AB Recently, branching and click chemistry strategies have been combined to design a series of optically active chromophores built from triazole moieties. These triazole-based multipolar chromophores have been shown to be promising candidates for two-photon absorption (TPA) transparency optimization in perspective of optical limiting in the visible region. In this work, the nature of one- and two-photon absorption properties in a family of triazole-based chromophores has been investigated using hybrid time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We use recent extensions of TD-DFT to determine nonlinear optical responses and natural transition orbitals to analyze the underlying electronic processes. Our results are also interpreted in the framework of the Frenkel exciton model. In agreement with experimental data, we found that introducing a triazole moiety into multibranched chromophores substantially modifies their optical behavior due to changes in electronic delocalization and charge-transfer properties between donating end groups and the branching center that can be controlled by the triazole ring. Structural conformations via modulation of the torsion between phenyl and triazole rings significantly alter the excited state electronic structure. Moreover, isomer positioning also greatly influences both linear and nonlinear optical responses such as TPA. Our theoretical findings allow elucidation of these differences and contribute to the general understanding of structure property relations. Consequently, the interplay of donor/acceptor strength, triazole regioisomerism, and branching are shown to provide flexible means allowing for precise tuning of both linear and nonlinear optical responses, thus opening new perspectives toward synergic TPA architectures. C1 [Katan, Claudine; Blanchard-Desce, Mireille] Univ Rennes 1, Univ Europeenne Bretagne, CNRS Chim & Photon Mol CPM, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Katan, Claudine] Univ Europeenne Bretagne, CNRS Fonct Opt Technol Informat FOTON, INSA Rennes, CS70839, F-35708 Rennes, France. [Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tretiak, Sergei] Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Katan, C (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Univ Europeenne Bretagne, CNRS Chim & Photon Mol CPM, F-35042 Rennes, France. EM claudine.katan@insa-rennes.fr; serg@lanl.gov RI Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; KATAN, Claudine/I-9446-2012 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; KATAN, Claudine/0000-0002-2017-5823 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We wish to thank Dr. Olivier Mongin and Manuel Parent for stimulating discussions. This work was performed in part at the U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL; contract DE-AC52-06NA25396). This work was granted access to the HPC resources of CINES under the allocation 2005-[c20050822414] and 2008-[x20080825087] made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). NR 74 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 SI 3285 BP 3410 EP 3426 DI 10.1021/ct1004406 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 676BE UT WOS:000283884300014 PM 26617095 ER PT J AU Haranczyk, M Sethian, JA AF Haranczyk, Maciej Sethian, James A. TI Automatic Structure Analysis in High-Throughput Characterization of Porous Materials SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR SIMULATION; CH4/N-2 SEPARATION; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ZEOLITES; ADSORPTION; CAVITIES; CO2/N-2 AB Inspection of the structure and the void space of a porous material is a critical step in most computational studies involving guest molecules. Some sections of the void space, like inaccessible pockets, have to be identified and blocked in molecular simulations. These pockets are typically detected by visual analysis of the geometry, potential or free energy landscapes, or a histogram of an initial molecular simulation. Such visual analysis is time-consuming and inhibits characterization of large sets of materials required in studies focused on identification of the best materials for a given application. We present an automatic approach that bypasses manual visual analysis of this kind, thereby enabling execution of molecular simulations in an unsupervised, high-throughput manner. In our approach, we used a partial differential equations-based front propagation technique to segment out channels and inaccessible pockets of a periodic unit cell of a material. We cast the problem as a path planning problem in 3D space representing a periodic fragment of porous material, and solve the resulting Eikonal equation by using Fast Marching Methods. One attractive feature of this approach is that the to-be-analyzed data can be of varying types, including, for example, a 3D grid representing the distance to the material's surface, the potential or free energy of a molecule inside the material, or even a histogram (a set of snapshots) from a molecular simulation showing areas which were visited by the molecule during the simulation. C1 [Haranczyk, Maciej] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sethian, James A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haranczyk, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mharanczyk@lbl.gov RI Haranczyk, Maciej/A-6380-2014 OI Haranczyk, Maciej/0000-0001-7146-9568 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research [CSNEW918]; Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Division of Mathematical Sciences of the National Science Foundation; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX M.H. is a 2008 Glenn T. Seaborg Fellow at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. M.H. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. M.H. is also supported jointly by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research through SciDAC project CSNEW918 entitled "Knowledge guided screening tools for identification of porous materials for CO2 separations". J.A.S. is supported by the Applied Mathematical Sciences subprogram of the Office of Energy Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098, and the Division of Mathematical Sciences of the National Science Foundation. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 SI 3285 BP 3472 EP 3480 DI 10.1021/ct100433z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 676BE UT WOS:000283884300018 PM 26617098 ER PT J AU Chandra, AS Kollias, P Giangrande, SE Klein, SA AF Chandra, Arunchandra S. Kollias, Pavlos Giangrande, Scott E. Klein, Stephen A. TI Long-Term Observations of the Convective Boundary Layer Using Insect Radar Returns at the SGP ARM Climate Research Facility SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; VERTICAL-VELOCITY SKEWNESS; SUBCLOUD-LAYER; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; DIURNAL CYCLE; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; AIR VELOCITIES; DOPPLER RADAR; CLOUD RADAR AB A long-term study of the turbulent structure of the convective boundary layer (CBL) at the U. S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility is presented. Doppler velocity measurements from insects occupying the lowest 2 km of the boundary layer during summer months are used to map the vertical velocity component in the CBL. The observations cover four summer periods (2004-08) and are classified into cloudy and clear boundary layer conditions. Profiles of vertical velocity variance, skewness, and mass flux are estimated to study the daytime evolution of the convective boundary layer during these conditions. A conditional sampling method is applied to the original Doppler velocity dataset to extract coherent vertical velocity structures and to examine plume dimension and contribution to the turbulent transport. Overall, the derived turbulent statistics are consistent with previous aircraft and lidar observations. The observations provide unique insight into the daytime evolution of the convective boundary layer and the role of increased cloudiness in the turbulent budget of the subcloud layer. Coherent structures (plumes-thermals) are found to be responsible for more than 80% of the total turbulent transport resolved by the cloud radar system. The extended dataset is suitable for evaluating boundary layer parameterizations and testing large-eddy simulations (LESs) for a variety of surface and cloud conditions. C1 [Chandra, Arunchandra S.; Kollias, Pavlos; Giangrande, Scott E.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Klein, Stephen A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Earth & Energy Div, Livermore, CA USA. RP Chandra, AS (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 805 Sherbrooke St, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. EM arunchandra.chandra@mail.mcgill.ca RI Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Liver-more National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX Support for this research was funded by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. The contribution of S. A. Klein to this work is performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Liver-more National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank Dr. Margaret A. LeMone of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and Dr. Robin Hogan of the University of Reading for generously providing the data for comparison. NR 78 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 21 BP 5699 EP 5714 DI 10.1175/2010JCLI3395.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 683HG UT WOS:000284463700009 ER PT J AU Moritz, TJ Polage, CR Taylor, DS Krol, DM Lane, SM Chan, JW AF Moritz, Tobias J. Polage, Christopher R. Taylor, Douglas S. Krol, Denise M. Lane, Stephen M. Chan, James W. TI Evaluation of Escherichia coli Cell Response to Antibiotic Treatment by Use of Raman Spectroscopy with Laser Tweezers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIAL AB Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the cellular response of Escherichia coli cells to penicillin G-streptomycin and cefazolin. Time-dependent intensity changes of several Raman peaks at 729, 1,245, and 1,660 cm(-1) enabled untreated cells and cells treated with the different antibiotic drugs to be distinguished. C1 [Moritz, Tobias J.; Polage, Christopher R.; Taylor, Douglas S.; Krol, Denise M.; Lane, Stephen M.; Chan, James W.] Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Moritz, Tobias J.; Krol, Denise M.] Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Polage, Christopher R.] UC Davis Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Taylor, Douglas S.] UC Davis Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. [Krol, Denise M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Chan, James W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chan, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, NSF Ctr Biophoton Sci & Technol, 2700 Stockton Blvd,Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. EM jwjchan@ucdavis.edu RI Chan, James/J-3829-2014; OI Polage, Christopher/0000-0003-1433-6886 FU Children's Miracle Network; Keaton-Raphael Memorial Fund; National Science Foundation; University of California, Davis [PHY 0120999] FX This work has been supported in part by funding from the Children's Miracle Network, the Keaton-Raphael Memorial Fund, and the National Science Foundation. The Center for Biophotonics, an NSF Science and Technology Center, is managed by the University of California, Davis, under cooperative agreement no. PHY 0120999. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 48 IS 11 BP 4287 EP 4290 DI 10.1128/JCM.01565-10 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 672MK UT WOS:000283588500074 PM 20861343 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Baker, NA Wei, GW AF Chen, Zhan Baker, Nathan A. Wei, G. W. TI Differential geometry based solvation model I: Eulerian formulation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Generalized Poisson-Boltzmann equation; Biomolecular surface formation and evolution; Potential driving geometric flows; Solvation free energy; Multiscale models ID POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; GENERALIZED-BORN MODEL; IMPLICIT SOLVENT MODELS; BOUNDARY MIB METHOD; PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; STATE SMOLUCHOWSKI EQUATION; COMPUTING MINIMAL-SURFACES; FINITE-ELEMENT-ANALYSIS AB This paper presents a differential geometry based model for the analysis and computation of the equilibrium property of solvation. Differential geometry theory of surfaces is utilized to define and construct smooth interfaces with good stability and differentiability for use in characterizing the solvent-solute boundaries and in generating continuous dielectric functions across the computational domain. A total free energy functional is constructed to couple polar and nonpolar contributions to the solvation process. Geometric measure theory is employed to rigorously convert a Lagrangian formulation of the surface energy into an Eulerian formulation so as to bring all energy terms into an equal footing. By optimizing the total free energy functional, we derive coupled generalized Poisson-Boltzmann equation (GPBE) and generalized geometric flow equation (GGFE) for the electrostatic potential and the construction of realistic solvent-solute boundaries, respectively. By solving the coupled GPBE and GGFE, we obtain the electrostatic potential, the solvent-solute boundary profile, and the smooth dielectric function, and thereby improve the accuracy and stability of implicit solvation calculations. We also design efficient second-order numerical schemes for the solution of the GPBE and GGFE. Matrix resulted from the discretization of the GPBE is accelerated with appropriate preconditioners. An alternative direct implicit (ADI) scheme is designed to improve the stability of solving the GGFE. Two iterative approaches are designed to solve the coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations. Extensive numerical experiments are designed to validate the present theoretical model, test computational methods, and optimize numerical algorithms. Example solvation analysis of both small compounds and proteins are carried out to further demonstrate the accuracy, stability, efficiency and robustness of the present new model and numerical approaches. Comparison is given to both experimental and theoretical results in the literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Chen, Zhan; Wei, G. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Baker, Nathan A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wei, G. W.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wei, GW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Math, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM wei@math.msu.edu RI Wei, Guowei /E-1852-2011; Baker, Nathan/A-8605-2010 OI Baker, Nathan/0000-0002-5892-6506 FU NSF [DMS-0616704, CCF-0936830]; NIH [CA-127189, R01 GM-090208, R01 GM069702-01] FX The authors thank Weitao Yang for useful discussions of solvation modeling. This work was supported in part by NSF Grants DMS-0616704 and CCF-0936830, and NIH Grants CA-127189 and R01 GM-090208. The work of Baker was supported by NIH R01 GM069702-01. NR 188 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 22 BP 8231 EP 8258 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.06.036 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 659EL UT WOS:000282549700002 PM 20938489 ER PT J AU Kadioglu, SY Knoll, DA Lowrie, RB Rauenzahn, RM AF Kadioglu, Samet Y. Knoll, Dana A. Lowrie, Robert B. Rauenzahn, Rick M. TI A second order self-consistent IMEX method for radiation hydrodynamics SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Self-consistent IMEX method; Radiation hydrodynamics ID PARTIAL-DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; EQUILIBRIUM DIFFUSION LIMIT; OPERATOR-SPLITTING METHODS; IMPLICIT EXPLICIT METHODS; TIME-INTEGRATION METHODS; SHOCK-CAPTURING SCHEMES; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; KRYLOV METHODS; STABILITY; SYSTEMS AB We present a second order self-consistent implicit/explicit (methods that use the combination of implicit and explicit discretizations are often referred to as IMEX (implicit/explicit) methods [2,1,3]) time integration technique for solving radiation hydrodynamics problems. The operators of the radiation hydrodynamics are splitted as such that the hydrodynamics equations are solved explicitly making use of the capability of well-understood explicit schemes. On the other hand, the radiation diffusion part is solved implicitly. The idea of the self-consistent IMEX method is to hybridize the implicit and explicit time discretizations in a nonlinearly consistent way to achieve second order time convergent calculations. In our self-consistent IMEX method, we solve the hydrodynamics equations inside the implicit block as part of the nonlinear function evaluation making use of the Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method [5,20,17]. This is done to avoid order reductions in time convergence due to the operator splitting. We present results from several test calculations in order to validate the numerical order of our scheme. For each test, we have established second order time convergence. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kadioglu, Samet Y.] Idaho Natl Lab, Fuels Modeling & Simulat Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Lowrie, Robert B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kadioglu, SY (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Fuels Modeling & Simulat Dept, POB 1625,MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM samet.kadioglu@inl.gov; nol@lanl.gov; lowrie@lanl.gov; rick@lanl.gov OI Lowrie, Robert/0000-0001-5537-9183 FU US Government [DEAC07-051D14517, INL/JOU-09-17158] FX The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DEAC07-051D14517 (INL/JOU-09-17158). Accordingly, the US Government retains a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 229 IS 22 BP 8313 EP 8332 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.07.019 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 659EL UT WOS:000282549700006 ER PT J AU Mirghani, BY Tryby, ME Ranjithan, RS Karonis, NT Mahinthakumar, KG AF Mirghani, Baha Y. Tryby, Michael E. Ranjithan, Ranji S. Karonis, Nicholas T. Mahinthakumar, Kumar G. TI Grid-Enabled Simulation-Optimization Framework for Environmental Characterization SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Simulation models ID GROUNDWATER INVERSE PROBLEMS; IMPLEMENTATION; ALGORITHM AB Many engineering and environmental problems that involve the determination of unknown system characteristics from observation data can be categorized as inverse problems. A common approach undertaken to solve such problems is the simulation-optimization approach where simulation models are coupled with optimization or search methods. Simulation-optimization approaches, particularly in environmental characterization involving natural systems, are computationally expensive due to the complex three-dimensional simulation models required to represent these systems and the large number of such simulations involved. Emerging grid computing environments (e.g., TeraGrid) show promise for improving the computational tractability of these approaches. However, harnessing grid resources for most computational applications is a nontrivial problem due to the complex hierarchy of heterogeneous and geographically distributed resources involved in a grid. This paper reports and discusses the development and evaluation of a grid-enabled simulation-optimization framework for solving environmental characterization problems. The framework is designed in a modular fashion that simplifies coupling with simulation model executables, allowing application of simulation-optimization approaches across problem domains. The framework architecture utilizes standard communications protocols and the message passing interface with an application programming interface to establish a connection between a centralized search application and simulation models running on TeraGrid resources. Sets of performance and scalability results for solving a groundwater source history reconstruction (SHR) problem are presented. The results show that for a given set of resources, parameters controlling the granularity at various levels of parallelism play an important role in the overall parallel performance. A production run for solving the SHR problem using three geographically distributed grid resources indicates that even in a cross-site grid environment a factor of 90 speedup is possible using 140 computer processors. C1 [Ranjithan, Ranji S.; Mahinthakumar, Kumar G.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mirghani, Baha Y.] Brown & Caldwell, Union Pk Ctr 6955, Midvale, UT 84047 USA. [Tryby, Michael E.] US EPA, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Karonis, Nicholas T.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Comp Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Karonis, Nicholas T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mahinthakumar, KG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Civil Construct & Environm Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bahamirghani@gmail.com; trybymichael@epa.gov; ranji@ncsu.edu; karonis@niu.edu; gmkumar@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [BES-0238623, BES-0312841, ANI-0222983, ANI-0330664, SCI-0503697] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Nos. BES-0238623, BES-0312841, ANI-0222983, ANI-0330664, and SCI-0503697. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The writers would also like to acknowledge NSF TeraGrid sites at National Center for Supercomputing Applications, San Diego Supercomputing Center, and Argonne National Laboratory for providing the resources needed for this paper. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 EI 1943-5487 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 24 IS 6 BP 488 EP 498 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000052 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 667LR UT WOS:000283195300004 ER PT J AU Bartolo, N Dimastrogiovanni, E Vallinotto, A AF Bartolo, Nicola Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela Vallinotto, Alberto TI One-loop corrections to the power spectrum in general single-field inflation SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE inflation; cosmological perturbation theory; physics of the early universe ID K-INFLATION; MAPS; PERTURBATIONS AB We perfom a thorough computation of the one-loop corrections from both scalar and tensor degrees of freedom to the power spectrum of curvature fluctuations for non-canonical Lagrangians in single-field inflation. We consider models characterized by a small sound speed c(s), which produce large non-Gaussianities. As expected, the corrections turn out to be inversely proportional to powers of cs; evaluating their amplitudes it is then possible to derive some theoretical bounds on the sound speed by requesting the conditions necessary for perturbation theory to hold. C1 [Bartolo, Nicola; Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Bartolo, Nicola; Dimastrogiovanni, Emanuela] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Vallinotto, Alberto] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bartolo, N (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, Via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy. EM nicola.bartolo@pd.infn.it; dimastro@pd.infn.it; avalli@fnal.gov FU ASI [I/016/07/0 COFIS]; ASI/INAF [I/072/09/0]; DOE at Fermilab FX We are happy to thank Peter Adshead, Xingang Chen, Richard Easther, Eugene A. Lim, Sabino Matarrese and Massimo Pietroni for useful discussions. We especially thank David Seery and Sarah Shandera for important correspondence. This research has been partially supported by the ASI Contract No. I/016/07/0 COFIS and by the ASI/INAF Agreement I/072/09/0 for the Planck LFI Activity of Phase E2. AV is supported by the DOE at Fermilab. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 003 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/11/003 PG 40 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 688BS UT WOS:000284825100003 ER PT J AU Cooray, A Holz, DE Caldwell, R AF Cooray, Asantha Holz, Daniel E. Caldwell, Robert TI Measuring dark energy spatial inhomogeneity with supernova data SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE supernova type Ia - standard candles; weak gravitational lensing; dark energy theory ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; CONSTRAINTS; DISCOVERIES; UNIVERSE; MAPS AB The gravitational lensing distortion of distant sources by the matter in the Universe has been extensively studied. In contrast, very little is known about the effects due to the large-scale distribution of dark energy. We discuss the use of Type Ia supernovae as probes of the spatial inhomogeneity and anisotropy of dark energy. We show that a shallow, almost all-sky survey can limit rms dark energy fluctuations at the horizon scale down to similar to 10(-3) of the energy density. C1 [Cooray, Asantha] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Holz, Daniel E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Caldwell, Robert] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Cooray, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM acooray@uci.edu; abc@lanl.gov; robert.r.caldwell@dartmouth.edu FU LANL IGPP [Astro-1603-07]; NSF [AST-0645427, AST-0349213] FX This work was supported by LANL IGPP Astro-1603-07 (DEH & AC), NSF CAREER AST-0645427 (AC), and AST-0349213 (RRC). AC and DEH thank the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality while this paper was initiated. AC and RRC thank Caltech for hospitality while this paper was completed. This paper was initially prepared in summer of 2008 and was made available as a preprint. The recent paper by by Blomqvist et al. [46] contains an application of the ideas presented in this paper to the existing Type Ia SNe data set, placing first constraints on the dark energy fluctuations. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 015 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/11/015 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 688BS UT WOS:000284825100015 ER PT J AU Dalal, N Pen, UL Seljak, U AF Dalal, Neal Pen, Ue-Li Seljak, Uros TI Large-scale BAO signatures of the smallest galaxies SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE power spectrum; high redshift galaxies; reionization; baryon acoustic oscillations ID INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; HIGH-REDSHIFT; REIONIZATION; UNIVERSE; MATTER AB Recent work has shown that at high redshift, the relative velocity between dark matter and baryonic gas is typically supersonic. This relative velocity suppresses the formation of the earliest baryonic structures like minihalos, and the suppression is modulated on large scales. This effect imprints a characteristic shape in the clustering power spectrum of the earliest structures, with significant power on similar to 100 Mpc scales featuring highly pronounced baryon acoustic oscillations. The amplitude of these oscillations is orders of magnitude larger at z similar to 20 than previously expected. This characteristic signature can allow us to distinguish the effects of minihalos on intergalactic gas at times preceding and during reionization. We illustrate this effect with the example of 21 cm emission and absorption from redshifts during and before reionization. This effect can potentially allow us to probe physics on kpc scales using observations on 100 Mpc scales. We present sensitivity forecasts for FAST and Arecibo. Depending on parameters, this enhanced structure may be detectable by Arecibo at z similar to 15 - 20, and with appropriate instrumentation FAST could measure the BAO power spectrum with high precision. In principle, this effect could also pose a serious challenge for efforts to constrain dark energy using observations of the BAO feature at low redshift. C1 [Dalal, Neal; Pen, Ue-Li] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seljak, Uros] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland. [Seljak, Uros] Ewha Womans Univ, Inst Early Universe, Seoul 120750, South Korea. RP Dalal, N (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. EM neal@cita.utoronto.ca; pen@cita.utoronto.ca; useljak@berkeley.edu FU Swiss National Foundation [200021-116696/1]; WCU [R32-2009-000-10130-0] FX We thank Chris Hirata for useful discussions. The calculations presented in this paper have made use of publicly available software, including CAMB1, CUBA2, FFTLog3 and GSL4. We thank the authors of these libraries for making their software public. This work is supported by the Swiss National Foundation under contract 200021-116696/1 and WCU grant R32-2009-000-10130-0. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 007 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2010/11/007 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 688BS UT WOS:000284825100007 ER PT J AU Budiman, AS Hau-Riege, CS Baek, WC Lor, C Huang, A Kim, HS Neubauer, G Pak, J Besser, PR Nix, WD AF Budiman, A. S. Hau-Riege, C. S. Baek, W. C. Lor, C. Huang, A. Kim, H. S. Neubauer, G. Pak, J. Besser, P. R. Nix, W. D. TI Electromigration-Induced Plastic Deformation in Cu Interconnects: Effects on Current Density Exponent, n, and Implications for EM Reliability Assessment SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Phase Stability, Phase Transformation and Reactive Phase Formation in Electronic Materials VII CY FEB 14-18, 2010 CL Seattle, WA DE Electromigration; plasticity; current density exponent ID THIN-FILMS; FAILURE AB While Black's equation for electromigration (EM) in interconnects with n =1 is rigorously based on the principles of electrotransport, n > 1 is more commonly observed empirically. This deviation is usually attributed to Joule heating. An alternative explanation is suggested by the recent discovery of EM plasticity. To examine this possibility, we have retested samples that had been previously subjected to a predamaging phase of high temperature and current densities to determine whether the loss of median time to failure (MTF) is retained. We find that the predamaged samples exhibit MTFs that are permanently reduced, which is a characteristic of EM plasticity. C1 [Budiman, A. S.] LANL, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Hau-Riege, C. S.] Qualcomm, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Budiman, A. S.; Baek, W. C.; Lor, C.; Huang, A.; Kim, H. S.; Neubauer, G.; Pak, J.] Spansion Inc, TRE, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. [Besser, P. R.] Unity Semicond, Copper Integrat & Rehabil, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. [Nix, W. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Budiman, AS (reprint author), LANL, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 39 IS 11 SI SI BP 2483 EP 2488 DI 10.1007/s11664-010-1356-4 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 665AV UT WOS:000283007300020 ER PT J AU Yoon, IH Moon, DH Kim, KW Lee, KY Lee, JH Kim, MG AF Yoon, In-Ho Moon, Deok Hyun Kim, Kyoung-Woong Lee, Keun-Young Lee, Ji-Hoon Kim, Min Gyu TI Mechanism for the stabilization/solidification of arsenic-contaminated soils with Portland cement and cement kiln dust SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Arsenic (As); Stabilization/solidification (S/S); Korean Standard Test (KST); X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD); X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES); Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FLY-ASH; IMMOBILIZATION MECHANISM; IRON HYDROXIDE; WASTE; SPECIATION; SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION; ADSORPTION; GOETHITE; CALCITE AB In this study, the mechanism for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of arsenic (As)-contaminated soils with Portland cement (PC), and cement kiln dust (CKD) using 1 N HCl extraction fluid, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray absorption fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was investigated. The degree of As immobilization after stabilization was assessed using a 1 N HCl extraction on the basis of the Korean Standard Test (KST). After 1 day of curing with 30 wt% PC and 7 days of curing with 50 wt% CKD, the concentration of As leached from the amended soils was less than the Korean countermeasure standard (3 mg L-1). The As concentrations in the leachate treated with PC and CKD were significantly decreased at pH > 3, indicating that pH had a prevailing influence on As mobility. XRPD results indicated that calcium arsenite (Ca-As-O) and sodium calcium arsenate hydrate (NaCaAsO4 center dot 7.5H(2)O) were present in the PC- and CKD-treated slurries as the key phases responsible for As(III) and As(V) immobilization, respectively. The XANES spectroscopy confirmed that the As(III) and As(V) oxidation states of the PC and CKD slurry samples were consistent with the speciated forms in the crystals identified by XRPD. EXAFS spectroscopy showed As-Ca bonding in the As(III)-PC and As(III)-CKD slurries. The main mechanism for the immobilization of As-contaminated soils with PC and CKD was strongly associated with the bonding between As(III) or As(V) and Ca. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moon, Deok Hyun] Chosun Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kwangju 501759, South Korea. [Yoon, In-Ho; Kim, Kyoung-Woong; Lee, Keun-Young; Lee, Ji-Hoon] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Lee, Ji-Hoon] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kim, Min Gyu] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang, South Korea. RP Moon, DH (reprint author), Chosun Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Kwangju 501759, South Korea. EM dmoon10@hotmail.com; kwkim@gist.ac.kr RI Kim, Min-Gyu/D-8949-2013; OI Kim, Min-Gyu/0000-0002-2366-6898; Yoon, In-Ho/0000-0001-8740-0573; Kim, Kyoung-Woong/0000-0002-1864-3392 FU Korea Ministry of Environment [173-091-003] FX This study was supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment as "The GAIA Projects No. 173-091-003". The authors would like to thank the members of Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), South Korea for their integral help with XANES and EXAFS analyses. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 91 IS 11 BP 2322 EP 2328 DI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.06.018 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 645LN UT WOS:000281459400026 PM 20643499 ER PT J AU Unrine, JM Tsyusko, OV Hunyadi, SE Judy, JD Bertsch, PM AF Unrine, Jason M. Tsyusko, Olga V. Hunyadi, Simona E. Judy, Jonathan D. Bertsch, Paul M. TI Effects of Particle Size on Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability of Copper to Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Exposed to Copper Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; TOXICITY; SOIL; BIOACCUMULATION; NANOMATERIALS; ANTIFUNGAL; MICROSCOPY AB To investigate the role of particle size on the oxidation, bioavailability, and adverse effects of manufactured Cu nanoparticles (NPs) in soils, we exposed the earthworm Eisenia fetida to a series of concentrations of commercially produced NPs labeled as 20- to 40-nm or <100-nm Cu in artificial soil media. Effects on growth, mortality, reproduction, and expression of a variety of genes associated with metal homeostasis, general stress, and oxidative stress were measured. We also used X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy to characterize changes in chemical speciation and spatial distribution of the NPs in soil media and earthworm tissues. Exposure concentrations of Cu NPs up to 65 mg kg(-1) caused no adverse effects on ecologically relevant endpoints. Increases in metallothionein expression occurred at concentrations exceeding 20 mg kg(-1) of Cu NPs and concentrations exceeding 10 mg kg(-1) of CuSO(4). Based on the relationship of Cu tissue concentration to metallothionein expression level and the spatial distribution and chemical speciation of Cu in the tissues, we conclude that Cu ions and oxidized Cu NPs were taken up by the earthworms. This study suggests that oxidized Cu NPs may enter food chains from soil but that adverse effects in earthworms are likely to occur only at relatively high concentrations (>65 mg Cu kg(-1) soil). C1 [Unrine, Jason M.; Tsyusko, Olga V.; Judy, Jonathan D.; Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Kentucky, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Hunyadi, Simona E.] USDA, Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Unrine, JM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM jason.unrine@uky.edu RI Judy, Jonathan/J-3749-2014; OI Unrine, Jason/0000-0003-3012-5261 FU United States Environmental Protection Agency [RD-833335]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; DOE-Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Div [DE-FC09-96-SR18546]; DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of W. Rao and A. Lanzirotti at the National Synchrotron Light Source, D. Addis at the Medical College of Georgia, and J. Mohandas and G. Jacobs at the University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research. We also acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through the Science to Achieve Results grant number RD-833335 to the University of Kentucky. Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X26A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory. X26A is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS) and DOE-Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Div. (DE-FC09-96-SR18546 to the University of Kentucky). The use of the NSLS was supported by DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 45 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 70 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1942 EP 1953 DI 10.2134/jeq2009.0387 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 676FU UT WOS:000283897200008 PM 21284291 ER PT J AU Leishear, RA Guerrero, HN Restivo, ML Sherwood, DJ AF Leishear, Robert A. Guerrero, Hector N. Restivo, Michael L. Sherwood, David J. TI Mass Transfer Coefficients for a Non-Newtonian Fluid and Water With and Without Antifoam Agents SO JOURNAL OF FLUIDS ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE mass transfer coefficient; non-Newtonian fluid; Newtonian fluid; antifoam agent; dissolved oxygen ID BUBBLE COLUMN; FERMENTERS AB Mass transfer rates were measured in a large scale system, which is consisted of an 8.4 m tall by 0.76 m diameter column, containing one of the three fluids: water with an antifoam agent, water without an antifoam agent, and AZ101 simulant, which simulated a non-Newtonian nuclear waste. The testing contributed to the evaluation of large scale mass transfer of hydrogen in nuclear waste tanks. Due to its radioactivity, the waste was chemically simulated and due to flammability concerns, oxygen was used in lieu of hydrogen. Different liquids were used to better understand the mass transfer processes, where each of the fluids was saturated with oxygen, and the oxygen was then removed from the solution as air bubbled up or sparged through the solution from the bottom of the column. Air sparging was supplied by a single tube, which was co-axial to the column; the decrease in oxygen concentration was recorded, and oxygen measurements were then used to determine the mass transfer coefficients to describe the rate of oxygen transfer from solution. Superficial, average, sparging velocities of 2 mm/s, 5mm/s, and 10 mm/s were applied to each of the liquids at three different column fill levels, and mass transfer coefficient test results are presented here for combinations of superficial velocities and fluid levels. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002704] C1 [Leishear, Robert A.; Guerrero, Hector N.; Restivo, Michael L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. [Sherwood, David J.] Hanford Waste Treatment & Immobilizat Plant Proje, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Leishear, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. EM robert.leishear@srnl.doe.gov; hector.guerrero@srs.gov; michael.restivo@srnl.doe.gov FU Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC [DE-AC09-08SR22470]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This manuscript has been authored by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0098-2202 J9 J FLUID ENG-T ASME JI J. Fluids Eng.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 2010 VL 132 IS 11 AR 114501 DI 10.1115/1.4002704 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 682AE UT WOS:000284366500012 ER PT J AU Shustova, NB Kareev, IE Kuvychko, IV Whitaker, JB Lebedkin, SF Popov, AA Dunsch, L Chen, YS Seppelt, K Strauss, SH Boltalina, OV AF Shustova, Natalia B. Kareev, Ivan E. Kuvychko, Igor V. Whitaker, James B. Lebedkin, Sergey F. Popov, Alexey A. Dunsch, Lothar Chen, Yu-Sheng Seppelt, Konrad Strauss, Steven H. Boltalina, Olga V. TI High-temperature and photochemical syntheses of C-60 and C-70 fullerene derivatives with linear perfluoroalkyl chains SO JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fullerene; C-60; C-70; Perfluoroalkylation; Perfluoroalkyl iodide; Electrochemistry; Thermal heating; Flow reactor; Sealed ampules ID TRIFLUOROMETHYL DERIVATIVES; STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION; CAGE ISOMERS; X-RAY; DFT; BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; C-60(CF3)(N); C-84; NMR; N=2 AB New experimental results on perfluoroalkylation of C-60 and C-70 with the use of RfI (R-f = CF3 C2F5 n-C3F7 n-C4F9 and n-C6F13) along with a critical overview of the existing synthetic methods are presented For the selected new fullerene (R-f)(n) compounds we report spectroscopic electrochemical and structural data including improved crystallographic data for the isomers of C-70(C2F5)(10) and C-60(C2F5)(10) and the first X-ray structural data for the dodecasubstituted perfluoethylated C-70 fullerene C-70(C2F5)(12) which possesses unprecedented addition pattern (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Shustova, Natalia B.; Kuvychko, Igor V.; Whitaker, James B.; Strauss, Steven H.; Boltalina, Olga V.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kareev, Ivan E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Problems Chem Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. [Kareev, Ivan E.; Lebedkin, Sergey F.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nanotechnol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Popov, Alexey A.; Dunsch, Lothar] Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res, Dept Electrochem & Conducting Polymers, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Chen, Yu-Sheng] Univ Chicago, Adv Photon Source, ChemMatCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Seppelt, Konrad] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. RP Strauss, SH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Chem, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Popov, Alexey/A-9937-2011; OI Popov, Alexey/0000-0002-7596-0378; Shustova, Natalia/0000-0003-3952-1949 FU German Academic Exchange Service; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Volkswagen Foundation [I-77/855]; US National Science Foundation [CHE-0707223, NSF/CHE-0822838]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [CHE-0822838]; U S Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by German Academic Exchange Service (Fellowship to N B S) Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (F Bessel award to O V B and Humboldt Research Award to AAP O V B and J B W) Volkswagen Foundation (I-77/855) and the US National Science Foundation (CHE-0707223 and NSF/CHE-0822838) ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under Grant CHE-0822838 Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U S Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 We gratefully acknowledge the beam time obtained at the 11 3 1 beamline at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory which is supported by the Director Office of Science Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U S Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-1139 J9 J FLUORINE CHEM JI J. Fluor. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 131 IS 11 SI SI BP 1198 EP 1212 DI 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.08.001 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 687YD UT WOS:000284813500021 ER PT J AU Smith, VA Christensen, AM Myers, SW AF Smith, Victoria A. Christensen, Angi M. Myers, Sarah W. TI The Reliability of Visually Comparing Small Frontal Sinuses SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 16-21, 2009 CL Denver, CO SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; forensic anthropology; frontal sinus; personal identification ID HUMAN REMAINS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS; RADIOGRAPHS; TOMOGRAPHY; PATTERNS AB Several studies have investigated frontal sinus comparison for personal identification. One study addressed the statistical reliability of correct identification using automated digital methods and resulted in a 96% accuracy rate. Missed matches with the digital methods generally involved small, less featured sinuses. This study investigates the hypothesis that human examiners may be able to more accurately identify correct matches than digital methods, even when the comparisons involve small frontal sinuses. Participants were provided two sets of 28 radiographs and were instructed to identify matching radiographs and list the radiographs that did not have a corresponding match. Overall, error rates were low, with correct associations identified at a rate of 0.983. No incorrect associations ("false positives") were made. Correct association rates were highest among participants "experienced" examining radiographs. Results support previous assertions that frontal sinus radiographs are a reliable means of personal identification even when the frontal sinuses are small. C1 [Smith, Victoria A.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Christensen, Angi M.] Fed Bur Invest Acad, Lab Div, Wuantico, VA 22135 USA. [Myers, Sarah W.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Smith, VA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 724 S St Asaph St,B-312, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. EM victoria.smith@orise.orau.gov NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1413 EP 1415 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01493.x PG 3 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 674HH UT WOS:000283727700001 PM 20629903 ER PT J AU Connatser, RM Prokes, SM Glembocki, OJ Schuler, RL Gardner, CW Lewis, SA Lewis, LA AF Connatser, R. Maggie Prokes, Sharka M. Glembocki, Orest J. Schuler, Rebecca L. Gardner, Charles W. Lewis, Samuel A., Sr. Lewis, Linda A. TI Toward Surface-Enhanced Raman Imaging of Latent Fingerprints SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; latent fingerprints; fingerprint degradation; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy; enhancement factor; dispersible Raman substrates; dielectric core-metal shell nanowires; macro-Raman chemical imaging ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; SERS; ACIDS AB Exposure to light or heat, or simply a dearth of fingerprint material, renders some latent fingerprints undetectable using conventional methods. We begin to address such elusive fingerprints using detection targeting photo- and thermally stable fingerprint constituents: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS can give descriptive vibrational spectra of amino acids, among other robust fingerprint constituents, and good sensitivity can be attained by improving metal-dielectric nanoparticle substrates. With SERS chemical imaging, vibrational bands' intensities recreate a visual of fingerprint topography. The impact of nanoparticle synthesis route, dispersal methodology-deposition solvent, and laser wavelength are discussed, as are data from enhanced vibrational spectra of fingerprint components. SERS and Raman chemical images of fingerprints and realistic contaminants are shown. To our knowledge, this represents the first SERS imaging of fingerprints. In conclusion, this work progresses toward the ultimate goal of vibrationally detecting latent prints that would otherwise remain undetected using traditional development methods. C1 [Connatser, R. Maggie; Lewis, Samuel A., Sr.; Lewis, Linda A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Prokes, Sharka M.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Glembocki, Orest J.; Schuler, Rebecca L.; Gardner, Charles W.] ChemImage Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15208 USA. RP Connatser, RM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, NTRC Bldg,2360 Cherahala Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. EM connatserrm@ornl.gov FU High Temperature Materials Laboratory at Oak Ridge National Lab; National Institute of Justice; Office of Naval Research; Technical Support Working Group FX We gratefully acknowledge microscopy support by Jane Y. Howe at the High Temperature Materials Laboratory at Oak Ridge National Lab.; Supported by grants from the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Naval Research, and the Technical Support Working Group. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 10 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 55 IS 6 BP 1462 EP 1470 DI 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01484.x PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 674HH UT WOS:000283727700008 PM 20629909 ER PT J AU Abramowicz, H Abt, I Adamczyk, L Adamus, M Aggarwal, R Antonelli, S Antonioli, P Antonov, A Arneodo, M Aushev, V Aushev, Y Bachynska, O Bamberger, A Barakbaev, AN Barbagli, G Bari, G Barreiro, F Bartsch, D Basile, M Behnke, O Behr, J Behrens, U Bellagamba, L Bertolin, A Bhadra, S Bindi, M Blohm, C Bold, T Boos, EG Borodin, M Borras, K Boscherini, D Bot, D Boutle, SK Brock, I Brownson, E Brugnera, R Brummer, N Bruni, A Bruni, G Brzozowska, B Bussey, PJ Butterworth, JM Bylsma, B Caldwell, A Capua, M Carlin, R Catterall, CD Chekanov, S Chwastowski, J Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Cooper-Sarkar, AM Coppola, N Corradi, M Corriveau, F Costa, M D'Agostini, G Dal Corso, F de Favereau, J del Peso, J Dementiev, RK De Pasquale, S Derrick, M Devenish, RCE Dobur, D Dolgoshein, BA Doyle, AT Drugakov, V Durkin, LS Dusini, S Eisenberg, Y Ermolov, PF Eskreys, A Fang, S Fazio, S Ferrando, J Ferrero, MI Figiel, J Forrest, M Foster, B Fourletov, S Gach, G Galas, A Gallo, E Garfagnini, A Geiser, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Gladkov, D Glasman, C Gogota, O Golubkov, YA Gottlicher, P Grabowska-Bold, I Grebenyuk, J Gregor, I Grigorescu, G Grzelak, G Gwenlan, C Haas, T Hain, W Hamatsu, R Hart, JC Hartmann, H Hartner, G Hilger, E Hochman, D Holm, U Hori, R Horton, K Huttmann, A Iacobucci, G Ibrahim, ZA Iga, Y Ingbir, R Ishitsuka, M Jakob, HP Januschek, F Jimenez, M Jones, TW Jungst, M Kadenko, I Kahle, B Kamaluddin, B Kananov, S Kanno, T Karshon, U Karstens, F Katkov, II Kaur, M Kaur, P Keramidas, A Khein, LA Kim, JY Kisielewska, D Kitamura, S Klanner, R Klein, U Koffeman, E Kollar, D Kooijman, P Korol, I Korzhavina, IA Kotanski, A Kotz, U Kowalski, H Kulinski, P Kuprash, O Kuze, M Lee, A Levchenko, BB Levy, A Libov, V Limentani, S Ling, TY Lisovyi, M Lobodzinska, E Lohmann, W Lohr, B Lohrmann, E Loizides, JH Long, KR Longhin, A Lontkovskyi, D Lukina, OY Luzniak, P Maeda, J Magill, S Makarenko, I Malka, J Mankel, R Margotti, A Marini, G Martin, JF Mastroberardino, A Matsumoto, T Mattingly, MCK Melzer-Pellmann, IA Miglioranzi, S Idris, FM Monaco, V Montanari, A Morris, JD Musgrave, B Nagano, K Namsoo, T Nania, R Nicholass, D Nigro, A Ning, Y Noor, U Notz, D Nowak, RJ Nuncio-Quiroz, AE Oh, BY Okazaki, N Oliver, K Olkiewicz, K Onishchuk, Y Ota, O Papageorgiu, K Parenti, A Paul, E Pawlak, JM Pawlik, B Pelfer, PG Pellegrino, A Perlanski, W Perrey, H Piotrzkowski, K Plucinski, P Pokrovskiy, NS Polini, A Proskuryakov, AS Przybycien, M Raval, A Reeder, DD Reisert, B Ren, Z Repond, J Ri, YD Robertson, A Roloff, P Ron, E Rubinsky, I Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Salii, A Samson, U Sartorelli, G Savin, AA Saxon, DH Schioppa, M Schlenstedt, S Schleper, P Schmidke, WB Schneekloth, U Schonberg, V Schorner-Sadenius, T Schwartz, J Sciulli, F Shcheglova, LM Shehzadi, R Shimizu, S Singh, I Skillicorn, IO Slominski, W Smith, WH Sola, V Solano, A Son, D Sosnovtsev, V Spiridonov, A Stadie, H Stanco, L Stern, A Stewart, TP Stifutkin, A Stopa, P Suchkov, S Susinno, G Suszycki, L Sztuk, J Szuba, D Szuba, J Tapper, AD Tassi, E Terron, J Theedt, T Tiecke, H Tokushuku, K Tomalak, O Tomaszewska, J Tsurugai, T Turcato, M Tymieniecka, T Uribeestrada, C Vazquez, M Verbytskyi, A Viazlo, O Vlasov, NN Volynets, O Walczak, R Abdullah, WATW Whitmore, JJ Whyte, J Wiggers, L Wing, M Wlasenko, M Wolf, G Wolfe, H Wrona, K Yagues-Molina, AG Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y Yoshida, R Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zawiejski, L Zenaiev, O Zeuner, W Zhautykov, BO Zhmak, N Zhou, C Zichichi, A Zolko, M Zotkin, DS Zulkapli, Z AF Abramowicz, H. Abt, I. Adamczyk, L. Adamus, M. Aggarwal, R. Antonelli, S. Antonioli, P. Antonov, A. Arneodo, M. Aushev, V. Aushev, Y. Bachynska, O. Bamberger, A. Barakbaev, A. N. Barbagli, G. Bari, G. Barreiro, F. Bartsch, D. Basile, M. Behnke, O. Behr, J. Behrens, U. Bellagamba, L. Bertolin, A. Bhadra, S. Bindi, M. Blohm, C. Bold, T. Boos, E. G. Borodin, M. Borras, K. Boscherini, D. Bot, D. Boutle, S. K. Brock, I. Brownson, E. Brugnera, R. Bruemmer, N. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Brzozowska, B. Bussey, P. J. Butterworth, J. M. Bylsma, B. Caldwell, A. Capua, M. Carlin, R. Catterall, C. D. Chekanov, S. Chwastowski, J. Ciborowski, J. Ciesielski, R. Cifarelli, L. Cindolo, F. Contin, A. Cooper-Sarkar, A. M. Coppola, N. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Costa, M. D'Agostini, G. Dal Corso, F. de Favereau, J. del Peso, J. Dementiev, R. K. De Pasquale, S. Derrick, M. Devenish, R. C. E. Dobur, D. Dolgoshein, B. A. Doyle, A. T. Drugakov, V. Durkin, L. S. Dusini, S. Eisenberg, Y. Ermolov, P. F. Eskreys, A. Fang, S. Fazio, S. Ferrando, J. Ferrero, M. I. Figiel, J. Forrest, M. Foster, B. Fourletov, S. Gach, G. Galas, A. Gallo, E. Garfagnini, A. Geiser, A. Gialas, I. Gladilin, L. K. Gladkov, D. Glasman, C. Gogota, O. Golubkov, Yu. A. Goettlicher, P. Grabowska-Bold, I. Grebenyuk, J. Gregor, I. Grigorescu, G. Grzelak, G. Gwenlan, C. Haas, T. Hain, W. Hamatsu, R. Hart, J. C. Hartmann, H. Hartner, G. Hilger, E. Hochman, D. Holm, U. Hori, R. Horton, K. Huettmann, A. Iacobucci, G. Ibrahim, Z. A. Iga, Y. Ingbir, R. Ishitsuka, M. Jakob, H. -P. Januschek, F. Jimenez, M. Jones, T. W. Juengst, M. Kadenko, I. Kahle, B. Kamaluddin, B. Kananov, S. Kanno, T. Karshon, U. Karstens, F. Katkov, I. I. Kaur, M. Kaur, P. Keramidas, A. Khein, L. A. Kim, J. Y. Kisielewska, D. Kitamura, S. Klanner, R. Klein, U. Koffeman, E. Kollar, D. Kooijman, P. Korol, Ie. Korzhavina, I. A. Kotanski, A. Koetz, U. Kowalski, H. Kulinski, P. Kuprash, O. Kuze, M. Lee, A. Levchenko, B. B. Levy, A. Libov, V. Limentani, S. Ling, T. Y. Lisovyi, M. Lobodzinska, E. Lohmann, W. Loehr, B. Lohrmann, E. Loizides, J. H. Long, K. R. Longhin, A. Lontkovskyi, D. Lukina, O. Yu. Luzniak, P. Maeda, J. Magill, S. Makarenko, I. Malka, J. Mankel, R. Margotti, A. Marini, G. Martin, J. F. Mastroberardino, A. Matsumoto, T. Mattingly, M. C. K. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Miglioranzi, S. Idris, F. Mohamad Monaco, V. Montanari, A. Morris, J. D. Musgrave, B. Nagano, K. Namsoo, T. Nania, R. Nicholass, D. Nigro, A. Ning, Y. Noor, U. Notz, D. Nowak, R. J. Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E. Oh, B. Y. Okazaki, N. Oliver, K. Olkiewicz, K. Onishchuk, Yu. Ota, O. Papageorgiu, K. Parenti, A. Paul, E. Pawlak, J. M. Pawlik, B. Pelfer, P. G. Pellegrino, A. Perlanski, W. Perrey, H. Piotrzkowski, K. Plucinski, P. Pokrovskiy, N. S. Polini, A. Proskuryakov, A. S. Przybycien, M. Raval, A. Reeder, D. D. Reisert, B. Ren, Z. Repond, J. Ri, Y. D. Robertson, A. Roloff, P. Ron, E. Rubinsky, I. Ruspa, M. Sacchi, R. Salii, A. Samson, U. Sartorelli, G. Savin, A. A. Saxon, D. H. Schioppa, M. Schlenstedt, S. Schleper, P. Schmidke, W. B. Schneekloth, U. Schoenberg, V. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Schwartz, J. Sciulli, F. Shcheglova, L. M. Shehzadi, R. Shimizu, S. Singh, I. Skillicorn, I. O. Slominski, W. Smith, W. H. Sola, V. Solano, A. Son, D. Sosnovtsev, V. Spiridonov, A. Stadie, H. Stanco, L. Stern, A. Stewart, T. P. Stifutkin, A. Stopa, P. Suchkov, S. Susinno, G. Suszycki, L. Sztuk, J. Szuba, D. Szuba, J. Tapper, A. D. Tassi, E. Terron, J. Theedt, T. Tiecke, H. Tokushuku, K. Tomalak, O. Tomaszewska, J. Tsurugai, T. Turcato, M. Tymieniecka, T. Uribeestrada, C. Vazquez, M. Verbytskyi, A. Viazlo, O. Vlasov, N. N. Volynets, O. Walczak, R. Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan Whitmore, J. J. Whyte, J. Wiggers, L. Wing, M. Wlasenko, M. Wolf, G. Wolfe, H. Wrona, K. Yaguees-Molina, A. G. Yamada, S. Yamazaki, Y. Yoshida, R. Youngman, C. Zarnecki, A. F. Zawiejski, L. Zenaiev, O. Zeuner, W. Zhautykov, B. O. Zhmak, N. Zhou, C. Zichichi, A. Zolko, M. Zotkin, D. S. Zulkapli, Z. CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of D+ and Lambda(+)(c) production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lepton-Nucleon Scattering ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; CROSS-SECTIONS; D-ASTERISK; O(ALPHA-S) CORRECTIONS; CHARM FRAGMENTATION; PERTURBATION-THEORY; BEAUTY PRODUCTION; ELECTROPRODUCTION; PHOTOPRODUCTION AB Charm production in deep inelastic scattering has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb(-1). The hadronic decay channels D+ -> K-S(0)pi(+), Lambda(+)(c) -> pK(S)(0) and Lambda(+)(c) -> Lambda pi(+), and their charge conjugates, were reconstructed. The presence of a neutral strange hadron in the final state reduces the combinatorial background and extends the measured sensitivity into the low transverse momentum region. The kinematic range is 0 < p(T) ( D+, Lambda(+)(c)) < 10GeV, vertical bar eta( D+,Lambda(+)(c))vertical bar < 1.6, 1.5 < Q(2) < 1000GeV(2) and 0.02 < y < 0.7. Inclusive and differential cross sections for the production of D+ mesons are compared to next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. The fraction of c quarks hadronising into Lambda(+)(c) baryons is extracted. C1 [Chekanov, S.; Derrick, M.; Magill, S.; Musgrave, B.; Nicholass, D.; Repond, J.; Yoshida, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mattingly, M. C. K.] Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. [Antonelli, S.; Antonioli, P.; Bari, G.; Basile, M.; Bellagamba, L.; Bindi, M.; Boscherini, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Contin, A.; Corradi, M.; De Pasquale, S.; Iacobucci, G.; Margotti, A.; Nania, R.; Polini, A.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Antonelli, S.; Basile, M.; Bindi, M.; Cifarelli, L.; Contin, A.; De Pasquale, S.; Sartorelli, G.; Zichichi, A.] Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Bartsch, D.; Brock, I.; Hartmann, H.; Hilger, E.; Jakob, H. -P.; Juengst, M.; Nuncio-Quiroz, A. E.; Paul, E.; Samson, U.; Schoenberg, V.; Shehzadi, R.; Wlasenko, M.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Morris, J. D.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Aggarwal, R.; Kaur, M.; Kaur, P.] Panjab Univ, Dept Phys, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. [Capua, M.; Fazio, S.; Mastroberardino, A.; Schioppa, M.; Susinno, G.; Tassi, E.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. [Kim, J. Y.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Universe & Elementary Particles, Kwangju, South Korea. [Ibrahim, Z. A.; Kamaluddin, B.; Idris, F. Mohamad; Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan; Zulkapli, Z.] Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Ning, Y.; Ren, Z.; Sciulli, F.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chwastowski, J.; Eskreys, A.; Figiel, J.; Galas, A.; Olkiewicz, K.; Pawlik, B.; Stopa, P.; Zawiejski, L.] Polish Acad Sci, Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Adamczyk, L.; Bold, T.; Gach, G.; Grabowska-Bold, I.; Kisielewska, D.; Przybycien, M.; Suszycki, L.; Szuba, J.] AGH Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Phys & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. [Kotanski, A.; Slominski, W.] Jagellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. [Bachynska, O.; Behnke, O.; Behr, J.; Behrens, U.; Blohm, C.; Borras, K.; Bot, D.; Ciesielski, R.; Coppola, N.; Fang, S.; Geiser, A.; Goettlicher, P.; Grebenyuk, J.; Gregor, I.; Haas, T.; Hain, W.; Huettmann, A.; Januschek, F.; Kahle, B.; Katkov, I. I.; Klein, U.; Koetz, U.; Kowalski, H.; Libov, V.; Lisovyi, M.; Lobodzinska, E.; Loehr, B.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A.; Miglioranzi, S.; Montanari, A.; Namsoo, T.; Notz, D.; Parenti, A.; Raval, A.; Roloff, P.; Rubinsky, I.; Schneekloth, U.; Spiridonov, A.; Szuba, D.; Szuba, J.; Theedt, T.; Tomaszewska, J.; Verbytskyi, A.; Wolf, G.; Wrona, K.; Yaguees-Molina, A. G.; Youngman, C.; Zeuner, W.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Drugakov, V.; Lohmann, W.; Schlenstedt, S.] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. [Barbagli, G.; Gallo, E.; Pelfer, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. [Pelfer, P. G.] Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. [Bamberger, A.; Dobur, D.; Karstens, F.; Vlasov, N. N.] Univ Freiburg, Fac Phys, Freiburg, Germany. [Bussey, P. J.; Doyle, A. T.; Forrest, M.; Saxon, D. H.; Skillicorn, I. O.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. [Gialas, I.; Papageorgiu, K.] Univ Aegean, Dept Engn Management & Finance, Chios, Greece. [Holm, U.; Klanner, R.; Lohrmann, E.; Perrey, H.; Schleper, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Stadie, H.; Sztuk, J.; Turcato, M.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Long, K. R.; Tapper, A. D.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. [Matsumoto, T.; Nagano, K.; Tokushuku, K.; Yamada, S.; Yamazaki, Y.] High Energy Accelerator Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Barakbaev, A. N.; Boos, E. G.; Pokrovskiy, N. S.; Zhautykov, B. O.] Minist Educ & Sci Kazakhstan, Inst Phys & Technol, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. [Aushev, V.; Aushev, Y.; Borodin, M.; Gogota, O.; Kadenko, I.; Korol, Ie.; Kuprash, O.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Onishchuk, Yu.; Salii, A.; Tomalak, O.; Viazlo, O.; Volynets, O.; Zenaiev, O.; Zhmak, N.; Zolko, M.] Natl Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Kiev, Ukraine. [Aushev, V.; Aushev, Y.; Borodin, M.; Gogota, O.; Kadenko, I.; Korol, Ie.; Kuprash, O.; Lontkovskyi, D.; Makarenko, I.; Onishchuk, Yu.; Salii, A.; Tomalak, O.; Viazlo, O.; Volynets, O.; Zenaiev, O.; Zhmak, N.; Zolko, M.] Kiev Natl Univ, Kiev, Ukraine. [Son, D.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taegu, South Korea. [de Favereau, J.; Piotrzkowski, K.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Barreiro, F.; del Peso, J.; Glasman, C.; Jimenez, M.; Ron, E.; Terron, J.; Uribeestrada, C.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. [Corriveau, F.; Schwartz, J.; Zhou, C.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Tsurugai, T.] Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Antonov, A.; Dolgoshein, B. A.; Gladkov, D.; Sosnovtsev, V.; Stifutkin, A.; Suchkov, S.] Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. [Dementiev, R. K.; Ermolov, P. F.; Gladilin, L. K.; Golubkov, Yu. A.; Khein, L. A.; Korzhavina, I. A.; Levchenko, B. B.; Lukina, O. Yu.; Proskuryakov, A. S.; Shcheglova, L. M.; Zotkin, D. S.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Abt, I.; Caldwell, A.; Kollar, D.; Reisert, B.; Schmidke, W. B.] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffeman, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Grigorescu, G.; Keramidas, A.; Koffeman, E.; Kooijman, P.; Pellegrino, A.; Tiecke, H.; Vazquez, M.; Wiggers, L.] Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bruemmer, N.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Lee, A.; Ling, T. Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Devenish, R. C. E.; Ferrando, J.; Foster, B.; Gwenlan, C.; Horton, K.; Oliver, K.; Robertson, A.; Walczak, R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Bertolin, A.; Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Dal Corso, F.; Dusini, S.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.; Longhin, A.; Stanco, L.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Brugnera, R.; Carlin, R.; Garfagnini, A.; Limentani, S.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. [Oh, B. Y.; Whitmore, J. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Iga, Y.] Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. [D'Agostini, G.; Marini, G.; Nigro, A.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Hart, J. C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Abramowicz, H.; Ingbir, R.; Kananov, S.; Levy, A.; Stern, A.] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Ishitsuka, M.; Kanno, T.; Kuze, M.; Maeda, J.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Hori, R.; Okazaki, N.; Shimizu, S.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Hamatsu, R.; Kitamura, S.; Ota, O.; Ri, Y. D.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. [Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Costa, M.; Ferrero, M. I.; Monaco, V.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. [Arneodo, M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale, Turin, Italy. [Fourletov, S.; Martin, J. F.; Stewart, T. P.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Boutle, S. K.; Butterworth, J. M.; Jones, T. W.; Loizides, J. H.; Wing, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Brzozowska, B.; Ciborowski, J.; Grzelak, G.; Kulinski, P.; Luzniak, P.; Malka, J.; Nowak, R. J.; Pawlak, J. M.; Perlanski, W.; Zarnecki, A. F.] Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Adamus, M.; Plucinski, P.; Tymieniecka, T.] Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Eisenberg, Y.; Hochman, D.; Karshon, U.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. [Brownson, E.; Reeder, D. D.; Savin, A. A.; Smith, W. H.; Wolfe, H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bhadra, S.; Catterall, C. D.; Hartner, G.; Noor, U.; Whyte, J.] York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Abramowicz, H.; Kaur, P.; Singh, I.] Max Planck Inst, Munich, Germany. [Tassi, E.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Hamburg, Germany. [Chwastowski, J.] Cracow Univ Technol, Fac Phys Math & Appl Comp Sci, Krakow, Poland. [Spiridonov, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Szuba, D.] INP, Krakow, Poland. [Gialas, I.] DESY, Hamburg, Germany. [Ciborowski, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Tymieniecka, T.] Univ Podlasie, Siedlce, Poland. RP Abramowicz, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ferrando, James/A-9192-2012; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Fazio, Salvatore /G-5156-2010; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Levchenko, B./D-9752-2012; Dementiev, Roman/K-7201-2012; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; IBRAHIM, ZAINOL ABIDIN/C-1121-2010; Korzhavina, Irina/D-6848-2012; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Katkov, Igor/E-2627-2012; OI Ferrando, James/0000-0002-1007-7816; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Katkov, Igor/0000-0003-3064-0466; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132 NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 009 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)009 PG 27 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689XE UT WOS:000284963400072 ER PT J AU Acharya, BS Bobkov, K Kumar, P AF Acharya, Bobby Samir Bobkov, Konstantin Kumar, Piyush TI An M theory solution to the strong CP-problem, and constraints on the axivers SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Strings and branes phenomenology; Phenomenology of Field Theories in Higher Dimensions ID SUPERSTRING MODELS; INVISIBLE AXION; HARMLESS AXION; COSMOLOGY; DECAY; INVARIANCE; PARTICLES; SCALE AB We give an explicit realization of the "String Axiverse" discussed in Arvanitaki et. al [1] by extending our previous results on moduli stabilization in M theory to include axions. We extend the analysis of [1] to allow for high scale inflation that leads to a moduli dominated pre-BBN Universe. We demonstrate that an axion which solves the strong-CP problem naturally arises and that both the axion decay constants and GUT scale can consistently be around 2 x 10(16) GeV with a much smaller fine tuning than is usually expected. Constraints on the Axiverse from cosmological observations, namely isocurvature perturbations and tensor modes are described. Extending work of Fox et. al [2], we note that the observation of tensor modes at Planck will falsify the Axiverse completely. Finally we note that Axiverse models whose lightest axion has mass of order 10(-15) eV and with decay constants of order 5 x 10(14) GeV require no (anthropic) fine-tuning, though standard unification at 10(16) GeV is difficult to accommodate. C1 [Acharya, Bobby Samir] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Acharya, Bobby Samir] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Acharya, Bobby Samir] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bobkov, Konstantin] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43202 USA. [Bobkov, Konstantin] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kumar, Piyush] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kumar, Piyush] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Acharya, BS (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Str Costiera 11, Trieste, Italy. EM bacharya@cern.ch; bobkov@mps.ohio-state.edu; kpiyush@berkeley.edu FU DOE [DOE/ER/01545-885, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [PHY05-51164, PHY-04-57315] FX B.A. would like to thank R. Akhoury, G. Kane and A. Pierce for useful discussions and thank the MCTP for their hospitaility. P. K. and K. B. would like to thank A. Arvanitaki, S. Dubovsky, B. Dundee and S. Raby for useful discussions. K. B. is supported by DOE grant DOE/ER/01545-885 and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY05-51164. The work of PK is supported by DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and NSF grant PHY-04-57315. NR 59 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 105 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)105 PG 31 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689WW UT WOS:000284962600055 ER PT J AU Cheung, C Nomura, Y AF Cheung, Clifford Nomura, Yasunori TI Singlet portal to the hidden sector SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Supersymmetric Effective Theories; Supersymmetry Breaking ID MIRROR UNIVERSE; DARK-MATTER; SUPERGRAVITY; ENERGY; BOSON AB Ultraviolet physics typically induces a kinetic mixing between gauge singlets which is marginal and hence non-decoupling in the infrared. In singlet extensions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, e. g. the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model, this furnishes a well motivated and distinctive portal connecting the visible sector to any hidden sector which contains a singlet chiral superfield. In the presence of singlet kinetic mixing, the hidden sector acquires a light mass scale in the range 0.1 - 100 GeV induced by electroweak symmetry breaking. In theories with R-parity conservation, super-particles produced at the LHC cascade decay into hidden sector particles. Since the hidden sector singlet couples to the visible sector via the Higgs sector, these cascades produce a Higgs boson in an order 0.01 - 1 fraction of events. Furthermore, supersymmetric cascades typically produce highly boosted, low-mass hidden sector singlets decaying visibly, albeit with displacement, into the heaviest standard model particles which are kinematically accessible. We study experimental constraints on this broad class of theories, as well as the role of singlet kinetic mixing in direct detection of hidden sector dark matter. We also present related theories in which a hidden sector singlet interacts with the visible sector through kinetic mixing with right-handed neutrinos. C1 [Cheung, Clifford; Nomura, Yasunori] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cheung, Clifford; Nomura, Yasunori] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Nomura, Yasunori] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Cheung, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clifford.cheung@berkeley.edu; ynomura@lbl.gov OI Nomura, Yasunori/0000-0002-1497-1479 FU Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0555661, PHY-0855653] FX This work was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and in part by the National Science Foundation under grants PHY-0555661 and PHY-0855653. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 103 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)103 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689WW UT WOS:000284962600057 ER PT J AU Das, S Fox, PJ Kumar, A Weiner, N AF Das, Subinoy Fox, Patrick J. Kumar, Abhishek Weiner, Neal TI The dark side of the electroweak phase transition SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Higgs Physics; Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM ID HIGGS-BOSON; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MIXING ANGLE; LIGHT HIGGS; BARYOGENESIS; DECAYS; SYMMETRIES; SPHALERON; ENERGIES; EMISSION AB Recent data from cosmic ray experiments may be explained by a new GeV scale of physics. In addition the fine-tuning of supersymmetric models may be alleviated by new O(GeV) states into which the Higgs boson could decay. The presence of these new, light states can affect early universe cosmology. We explore the consequences of a light (similar to GeV) scalar on the electroweak phase transition. We find that trilinear interactions between the light state and the Higgs can allow a first order electroweak phase transition and a Higgs mass consistent with experimental bounds, which may allow electroweak baryogenesis to explain the cosmological baryon asymmetry. We show, within the context of a specific supersymmetric model, how the physics responsible for the first order phase transition may also be responsible for the recent cosmic ray excesses of PAMELA, FERMI etc. We consider the production of gravity waves from this transition and the possible detectability at LISA and BBO. C1 [Das, Subinoy] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Fox, Patrick J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Kumar, Abhishek; Weiner, Neal] NYU, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM subinoy@phas.ubc.ca; pjfox@fnal.gov; abhishek@nyu.edu; neal.weiner@nyu.edu OI das, subinoy/0000-0002-7771-180X FU NSF [PHY-0449818]; DOE [DE-FG02-06ER41417, DE-FGO2-96-ER40956]; Fermi Research Alliance, LLC; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX We thank Zoltan Ligeti, Gilad Perez, and Mark Wise for discussions. NW and AK are supported by NSF CAREER grant PHY-0449818 and DOE OJI grant # DE-FG02-06ER41417. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC, under Contract DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. The research of SD is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. PF and NW would like to thank the University of Washington's Workshop on Signatures of Long-Lived Exotic Particles at the LHC where part of this work was completed; this work was supported in part by the DOE under Task TeV of contract DE-FGO2-96-ER40956. NR 67 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 108 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)108 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689WW UT WOS:000284962600052 ER PT J AU Ellis, SD Vermilion, CK Walsh, JR Hornig, A Lee, C AF Ellis, Stephen D. Vermilion, Christopher K. Walsh, Jonathan R. Hornig, Andrew Lee, Christopher TI Jet shapes and jet algorithms in SCET SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Jets; QCD ID CROSS-SECTIONS; E+E-ANNIHILATION; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; HARD SCATTERING; LEADING ORDER; WILSON LOOPS; RESUMMATION; QCD; RENORMALIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Jet shapes are weighted sums over the four-momenta of the constituents of a and reveal details of its internal structure, potentially allowing discrimination of its partonic. In this work we make predictions for quark and gluon jet shape distributions N-jet final states in e(+)e(-) collisions, de fined with a cone or recombination algorithm, we measure some jet shape observable on a subset of these jets. Using the framework Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, we prove a factorization theorem for jet shape distriand demonstrate the consistent renormalization-group running of the functions in factorization theorem for any number of measured and unmeasured jets, any number quark and gluon jets, and any angular size R of the jets, as long as R is much smaller the angular separation between jets. We calculate the jet and soft functions for angujet shapes T-a to one-loop order (O(alpha(s))) and resum a subset of the large logarithms of needed for next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy for both cone and k(T)-type jets. We compare our predictions for the resummed T-a jet final state in e(+)e(-) annihilation to the output of a Monte Carlo event generator and find that the dependence on a R is very similar. C1 [Ellis, Stephen D.; Vermilion, Christopher K.; Walsh, Jonathan R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hornig, Andrew; Lee, Christopher] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hornig, Andrew; Lee, Christopher] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ellis, SD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Lee, Christopher/0000-0003-2385-7536 FU LHC Theory Initiative Graduate Fellowship; NSF [PHY-0705682]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, FG02-96ER40956]; National Science Foundation [PHY-0457315] FX We are grateful to C. Bauer for valuable discussions and review of the draft. The authors at the Berkeley CTP and in the Particle Theory Group at the University of Washington thank one another's groups for hospitality during portions of this work. AH was supported in part by an LHC Theory Initiative Graduate Fellowship, NSF grant number PHY-0705682. The work of AH and CL was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, and in part by the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-0457315. The work of SDE, CKV, and JRW was supported in part by the U S Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG02-96ER40956 NR 98 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 101 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)101 PG 83 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689WW UT WOS:000284962600059 ER PT J AU Gardi, E Laenen, E Stavenga, G White, CD AF Gardi, Einan Laenen, Eric Stavenga, Gerben White, Chris D. TI Webs in multiparton scattering using the replica trick SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE QCD; Renormalization Regularization and Renormalons ID SUDAKOV FORM-FACTOR; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM RESUMMATION; ABELIAN GAUGE-THEORIES; HIGGS-BOSON PRODUCTION; HEXAGON WILSON LOOP; CROSS-SECTIONS; LARGE-X; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; SPLITTING FUNCTIONS; THRUST DISTRIBUTION AB Soft gluon exponentiation in non-abelian gauge theories can be described in terms of webs. So far this description has been restricted to amplitudes with two hard partons, where webs were defined as the colour-connected subset of diagrams. Here we generalise the concept of webs to the multi-leg case, where the hard interaction involves non-trivial colour flow. Using the replica trick from statistical physics we solve the combinatorial problem of non-abelian exponentiation to all orders. In particular, we derive an algorithm for computing the colour factor associated with any given diagram in the exponent. The emerging result is exponentiation of a sum of webs, where each web is a linear combination of a subset of diagrams that are mutually related by permuting the eikonal gluon attachments to each hard parton. These linear combinations are responsible for partial cancellation of subdivergences, conforming with the renormalization of a multi-leg eikonal vertex. We also discuss the generalisation of exponentiation properties to beyond the eikonal approximation. C1 [Gardi, Einan] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Laenen, Eric] Univ Amsterdam, ITFA, NL-1090 GL Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Laenen, Eric] Univ Utrecht, ITF, NL-3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands. [Laenen, Eric] Nikhef Theory Grp, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Stavenga, Gerben] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [White, Chris D.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [White, Chris D.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Inst Particle Phys Phenomenol, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Gardi, E (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Kings Bldg,Mayfield Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Einan.Gardi@ed.ac.uk; Eric.Laenen@nikhef.nl; stavenga@fnal.gov; c.white@physics.gla.ac.uk FU Netherlands Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter (FOM); National Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); STFC FX We are grateful to George Sterman and Lorenzo Magnea for inspiring discussions. We would like to thank the Particle Physics group at the University of Manchester for organising a workshop on eikonal physics (November 2009), at which some of the ideas of this paper were first discussed. EL is supported by the Netherlands Foundation for Fundamental Research of Matter (FOM), and the National Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). CDW is funded by the STFC postdoctoral fellowship "Collider Physics at the LHC". He is grateful to Claude Duhr, Pietro Falgari and Paul Heslop for useful discussions. We have used JaxoDraw [132, 133] throughout the paper. NR 132 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 155 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)155 PG 83 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689WW UT WOS:000284962600005 ER PT J AU Lunghi, E Soni, A AF Lunghi, Enrico Soni, Amarjit TI An improved observable for the forward-backward asymmetry in B -> K*l(+)l(-) and B-s -> phi l(+)l(-) SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Rare Decays; B-Physics; Beyond Standard Model; QCD AB We study the decay B -> K*l(+)l(-) in the QCD factorization approach and propose a new integrated observable whose dependence on the form factors is almost negligible, consequently the non-perturbative error is significantly reduced and indeed its overall theoretical error is dominated by perturbative scale uncertainties. The new observable we propose is the ratio between the integrated forward-backward asymmetry (FBA) in the [4, 6] GeV2 and [1, 4] GeV2 dilepton invariant mass bins. This new observable is particularly interesting because, when compared to the location of the zero of the FBA spectrum, it is experimentally easier to measure and its theoretical uncertainties are almost as small; moreover it displays a very strong dependence on the phase of the Wilson coefficient C 10 that is otherwise only accessible through complicated CP violating asymmetries. We illustrate the new physics sensitivity of this observable within the context of few extensions of the Standard Model (SM), namely the SM with four generations (SM4), an MSSM with non-vanishing source of flavor changing neutral currents in the down squark sector and a Z' model with tree level flavor changing couplings. C1 [Lunghi, Enrico] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Soni, Amarjit] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lunghi, E (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM elunghi@indiana.edu; soni@bnl.gov FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886(BNL)] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. DOE contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886(BNL). NR 62 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 121 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)121 PG 21 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689WW UT WOS:000284962600039 ER PT J AU Rizzo, TG AF Rizzo, Thomas G. TI Lorentz violation in warped extra dimensions SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Phenomenology of Field Theories in Higher Dimensions ID HIGH-ENERGY; FIELDS; MODEL; RELATIVITY; INVARIANCE; HIERARCHY; PHYSICS AB Higher dimensional theories which address some of the problematic issues of the Standard Model (SM) naturally involve some form of D = 4 + n-dimensional Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). In such models the fundamental physics which leads to, e. g., field localization, orbifolding, the existence of brane terms and the compactification process all can introduce LIV in the higher dimensional theory while still preserving 4-d Lorentz invariance. In this paper, attempting to capture some of this physics, we extend our previous analysis of LIV in 5-d UED-type models to those with 5-d warped extra dimensions. To be specific, we employ the 5-d analog of the SM Extension of Kostelecky et al. which incorporates a complete set of operators arising from spontaneous LIV. We show that while the response of the bulk scalar, fermion and gauge fields to the addition of LIV operators in warped models is qualitatively similar to what happens in the flat 5-d UED case, the gravity sector of these models reacts very differently than in flat space. Specifically, we show that LIV in this warped case leads to a non-zero bulk mass for the 5-d graviton and so the would-be zero mode, which we identify as the usual 4-d graviton, must necessarily become massive. The origin of this mass term is the simultaneous existence of the constant non-zero AdS(5) curvature and the loss of general co-ordinate invariance via LIV in the 5-d theory. Thus warped 5-d models with LIV in the gravity sector are not phenomenologically viable. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Rizzo, TG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rizzo@slac.stanford.edu FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX Work supported in part by the Department of Energy, Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 IS 11 AR 156 DI 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)156 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 689WW UT WOS:000284962600004 ER PT J AU Pan, FF Peters-Lidard, CD King, AW AF Pan, Feifei Peters-Lidard, Christa D. King, Anthony W. TI Inverse Method for Estimating the Spatial Variability of Soil Particle Size Distribution from Observed Soil Moisture SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Soil particle size distribution (PSD); Soil moisture; Inverse method ID MAP UNITS; HETEROGENEOUS SOILS; WATER-BALANCE; VARIANCE; INFILTRATION; OPTIMIZATION; PARAMETERS; TEXTURE AB Soil particle size distribution (PSD) (i.e., clay, silt, sand, and rock contents) information is one of critical factors for understanding water cycle since it affects almost all of water cycle processes, e. g., drainage, runoff, soil moisture, evaporation, and evapotranspiration. With information about soil PSD, we can estimate almost all soil hydraulic properties (e.g., saturated soil moisture, field capacity, wilting point, residual soil moisture, saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-size distribution index, and bubbling capillary pressure) based on published empirical relationships. Therefore, a regional or global soil PSD database is essential for studying water cycle regionally or globally. At the present stage, three soil geographic databases are commonly used, i.e., the Soil Survey Geographic database, the State Soil Geographic database, and the National Soil Geographic database. Those soil data are map unit based and associated with great uncertainty. Ground soil surveys are a way to reduce this uncertainty. However, ground surveys are time consuming and labor intensive. In this study, an inverse method for estimating mean and standard deviation of soil PSD from observed soil moisture is proposed and applied to Throughfall Displacement Experiment sites in Walker Branch Watershed in eastern Tennessee. This method is based on the relationship between spatial mean and standard deviation of soil moisture. The results indicate that the suggested method is feasible and has potential for retrieving soil PSD information globally from remotely sensed soil moisture data. C1 [Pan, Feifei] Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [King, Anthony W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pan, FF (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Geog, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM feifei.pan@unt.edu RI Pan, Feifei/D-3370-2015; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Pan, Feifei/0000-0003-4373-7566; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) FX The writers would like to thank P. J. Hanson for providing soil moisture and soil texture data used in this study, and four anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions. This research was partially supported by the Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award (Pan). NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 15 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 15 IS 11 BP 931 EP 938 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000274 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 667ND UT WOS:000283199300010 ER PT J AU Ribeiro, RM Germanidis, G Powers, KA Pellegrin, B Nikolaidis, P Perelson, AS Pawlotsky, JM AF Ribeiro, Ruy M. Germanidis, Georgios Powers, Kimberly A. Pellegrin, Bertrand Nikolaidis, Paul Perelson, Alan S. Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel TI Hepatitis B Virus Kinetics under Antiviral Therapy Sheds Light on Differences in Hepatitis B e Antigen Positive and Negative Infections SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SERUM HBV-DNA; COMBINATION THERAPY; VIRAL DYNAMICS; PROMOTER VARIANTS; NATURAL-HISTORY; HALF-LIFE; C VIRUS; LAMIVUDINE; PRECORE; CORE AB Background. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B infection has a presentation and clinical course that is divergent from that of HBeAg-positive infection. The former usually presents with lower viral levels but faster progression to liver disease. We sought to better understand the balance between replication and the immune response against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods. Viral kinetics in 50 HBeAg-negative patients under various treatment protocols with interferon alpha and/or nucleoside or nucleotide analogs was analyzed. HBV DNA level was measured frequently and the data fitted to a viral dynamic model. A meta-analysis of all published studies of viral kinetics in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative infection was also conducted. Results. We found that the clearance of both HBV virions and infected cells was significantly faster in HBeAg-negative infection than in HBeAg-positive infection. In HBeAg-negative infection, there was also a negative correlation between baseline HBV DNA levels and infected cell half-life, suggesting that the higher the viral load the faster the turnover of infected cells. Conclusions. These results reveal the dual role played by the immune response in maintaining lower viral levels and inducing faster turnover of infected cells, the latter of which may be responsible for the more aggressive nature of HBeAg-negative infection. C1 [Ribeiro, Ruy M.; Powers, Kimberly A.; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Germanidis, Georgios] Papageorgiou Gen Hosp, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Pellegrin, Bertrand; Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel] Univ Paris 12, Henri Mondor Hosp, Dept Virol, Natl Reference Ctr Viral Hepatitis B C & Delta, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel] Hop Henri Mondor, INSERM, U955, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Nikolaidis, Paul] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Internal Med 1, Div Infect Dis, AHEPA Univ Hosp, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Ribeiro, RM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ruy@lanl.gov OI Ribeiro, Ruy/0000-0002-3988-8241 FU Gilead; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Institutes of Health [AI28433-19, RR06555-18, P20-RR18754]; European Union [LSHM-CT-2004-503359]; French National Agency for AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Research (ANRS) FX J.M.P. received research grants from Gilead and served as an advisor for Gilead, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Roche.; Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy (contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants AI28433-19 and RR06555-18 to A.S.P. and grant P20-RR18754 to R.M.R.). Portions of this work are part of the activity of the VIRGIL European Network of Excellence on Antiviral Drug Resistance (grant LSHM-CT-2004-503359) from the Priority 1 "Life Sciences, Genomics and Biotechnology for Health" programme in the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union and have been supported by the French National Agency for AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Research (ANRS). NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 202 IS 9 BP 1309 EP 1318 DI 10.1086/656528 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 656VB UT WOS:000282367900004 PM 20874517 ER PT J AU Abat, E Abdallah, JM Addy, TN Adragna, P Aharrouche, M Ahmad, A Akesson, TPA Aleksa, M Alexa, C Anderson, K Andreazza, A Anghinolfi, F Antonaki, A Arabidze, G Arik, E Atkinson, T Baines, J Baker, OK Banfi, D Baron, S Barr, AJ Beccherle, R Beck, HP Belhorma, B Bell, PJ Benchekroun, D Benjamin, DP Benslama, K Kuutmann, EB Bernabeu, J Bertelsen, H Binet, S Biscarat, C Boldea, V Bondarenko, VG Boonekamp, M Bosman, M Bourdarios, C Broklova, Z Chromek, DB Bychkov, V Callahan, J Calvet, D Canneri, M Garrido, MC Caprini, M Sas, LC Carli, T Carminati, L Carvalho, J Cascella, M Castillo, MV Catinaccio, A Cauz, D Cavalli, D Sforza, MC Cavasinni, V Cetin, SA Chen, H Cherkaoui, R Chevalier, L Chevallier, F Chouridou, S Ciobotaru, M Citterio, M Clark, A Cleland, B Cobal, M Cogneras, E Muino, PC Consonni, M Constantinescu, S Cornelissen, T Correard, S Radu, AC Costa, G Costa, MJ Costanzo, D Cuneo, S Cwetanski, P Da Silva, D Dam, M Dameri, M Danielsson, HO Dannheim, D Darbo, G Davidek, T De, K Defay, PO Dekhissi, B Del Peso, J Del Prete, T Delmastro, M Derue, F Di Ciaccio, L Di Girolamo, B Dita, S Dittus, F Djama, F Djobava, T Dobos, D Dobson, M Dolgoshein, BA Dotti, A Drake, G Drasal, Z Dressnandt, N Driouchi, C Drohan, J Ebenstein, WL Eerola, P Efthymiopoulos, I Egorov, K Eifert, TF Einsweiler, K El Kacimi, M Elsing, M Emelyanov, D Escobar, C Etienvre, AI Fabich, A Facius, K Fakhr-Edine, AI Fanti, M Farbin, A Farthouat, P Fassouliotis, D Fayard, L Febbraro, R Fedin, OL Fenyuk, A Fergusson, D Ferrari, P Ferrari, R Ferreira, BC Ferrer, A Ferrere, D Filippini, G Flick, T Fournier, D Francavilla, P Francis, D Froeschl, R Froidevaux, D Fullana, E Gadomski, S Gagliardi, G Gagnon, P Gallas, M Gallop, BJ Gameiro, S Gan, KK Garcia, R Garcia, C Gavrilenko, IL Gemme, C Gerlach, P Ghodbane, N Giakoumopoulou, V Giangiobbe, V Giokaris, N Glonti, G Goettfert, T Golling, T Gollub, N Gomes, A Gomez, MD Gonzalez-Sevilla, S Goodrick, MJ Gorfine, G Gorini, B Goujdami, D Grahn, KJ Grenier, P Grigalashvili, N Grishkevich, Y Grosse-Knetter, J Gruwe, M Guicheney, C Gupta, A Haeberli, C Haertel, R Hajduk, Z Hakobyan, H Hance, M Hansen, JD Hansen, PH Hara, K Harvey, A Hawkings, RJ Heinemann, FEW Correia, AH Henss, T Hervas, L Higon, E Hill, JC Hoffman, J Hostachy, JY Hruska, I Hubaut, F Huegging, F Hulsbergen, W Hurwitz, M Iconomidou-Fayard, L Jansen, E Plante, IJL Johansson, PDC Jon-And, K Joos, M Jorgensen, S Joseph, J Kaczmarska, A Kado, M Karyukhin, A Kataoka, M Kayumov, F Kazarov, A Keener, PT Kekelidze, GD Kerschen, N Kersten, S Khomich, A Khoriauli, G Khramov, E Khristachev, A Khubua, J Kittelmann, TH Klingenberg, R Klinkby, EB Kodys, P Koffas, T Kolos, S Konovalov, SP Konstantinidis, N Kopikov, S Korolkov, I Kostyukhin, V Kovalenko, S Kowalski, TZ Kruger, K Kramarenko, V Kudin, LG Kulchitsky, Y Lacasta, C Lafaye, R Laforge, B Lampl, W Lanni, F Laplace, S Lari, T Le Bihan, AC Lechowski, M Ledroit-Guillon, F Lehmann, G Leitner, R Lelas, D Lester, CG Liang, Z Lichard, P Liebig, W Lipniacka, A Lokajicek, M Louchard, L Lourerio, KF Lucotte, A Luehring, F Lund-Jensen, B Lundberg, B Ma, H Mackeprang, R Maio, A Maleev, VP Malek, F Mandelli, L Maneira, J Mangin-Brinet, M Manousakis, A Mapelli, L Marques, C Garcia, SMI Martin, F Mathes, M Mazzanti, M McFarlane, KW McPherson, R Mchedlidze, G Mehlhase, S Meirosu, C Meng, Z Meroni, C Mialkovski, V Mikulec, B Milstead, D Minashvili, I Mindur, B Mitsou, VA Moed, S Monnier, E Moorhead, G Morettini, P Morozov, SV Mosidze, M Mouraviev, SV Moyse, EWJ Munar, A Myagkov, A Nadtochi, AV Nakamura, K Nechaeva, P Negri, A Nemecek, S Nessi, M Nesterov, SY Newcomer, FM Nikitine, I Nikolaev, K Nikolic-Audit, I Ogren, H Oh, SH Oleshko, SB Olszowska, J Onofre, A Aranda, CP Paganis, S Pallin, D Pantea, D Paolone, V Parodi, F Parsons, J Parzhitskiy, S Pasqualucci, E Passmored, SM Pater, J Patrichev, S Peez, M Reale, VP Perini, L Peshekhonov, VD Petersen, J Petersen, TC Petti, R Phillips, PW Pina, J Pinto, B Podlyski, F Poggioli, L Poppleton, A Poveda, J Pralavorio, P Pribyl, L Price, MJ Prieur, D Puigdengoles, C Puzo, P Rohne, O Ragusa, F Rajagopalan, S Reeves, K Reisinger, I Rembser, C de Renstrom, PAB Reznicek, P Ridel, M Risso, P Riu, I Robinson, D Roda, C Roe, S Rohne, O Romaniouk, A Rousseau, D Rozanov, A Ruiz, A Rusakovich, N Rust, D Ryabov, YF Ryjov, V Salto, O Salvachua, B Salzburger, A Sandaker, H Rios, CS Santi, L Santoni, C Saraiva, JG Sarri, F Sauvage, G Says, LP Schaefer, M Schegelsky, VA Schiavi, C Schieck, J Schlager, G Schlereth, J Schmitt, C Schultes, J Schwemling, P Schwindling, J Seixas, JM Seliverstov, DM Serin, L Sfyrla, A Shalanda, N Shaw, C Shin, T Shmeleva, A Silva, J Simion, S Simonyan, M Sloper, JE Smirnov, SY Smirnova, L Solans, C Solodkov, A Solovianov, O Soloviev, I Sosnovtsev, VV Spano, F Speckmayer, P Stancu, S Stanek, R Starchenko, E Straessner, A Suchkov, SI Suk, M Szczygiel, R Tarrade, F Tartarelli, F Tas, P Tayalati, Y Tegenfeldt, F Teuscher, R Thioye, M Tikhomirov, VO Timmermans, CJWP Tisserant, S Toczek, B Tremblet, L Troncon, C Tsiareshka, P Tyndel, M Unel, MK Unal, G Unel, G Usai, G Van Berg, R Valero, A Valkar, S Valls, JA Vandelli, W Vannucci, F Vartapetian, A Vassilakopoulos, VI Vasilyeva, L Vazeille, F Vernocchi, F Vetter-Cole, Y Vichou, I Vinogradov, V Virzi, J Vivarelli, I de Vivie, JB Volpi, M Anh, TV Wang, C Warren, M Weber, J Weber, M Weidberg, AR Weingarten, J Wells, PS Werner, P Wheeler, S Wiessmann, M Wilkens, H Williams, HH Wingerter-Seez, I Yasu, Y Zaitsev, A Zenin, A Zenis, T Zenonos, Z Zhang, H Zhelezko, A Zhou, N AF Abat, E. Abdallah, J. M. Addy, T. N. Adragna, P. Aharrouche, M. Ahmad, A. Akesson, T. P. A. Aleksa, M. Alexa, C. Anderson, K. Andreazza, A. Anghinolfi, F. Antonaki, A. Arabidze, G. Arik, E. Atkinson, T. Baines, J. Baker, O. K. Banfi, D. Baron, S. Barr, A. J. Beccherle, R. Beck, H. P. Belhorma, B. Bell, P. J. Benchekroun, D. Benjamin, D. P. Benslama, K. Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas Bernabeu, J. Bertelsen, H. Binet, S. Biscarat, C. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V. G. Boonekamp, M. Bosman, M. Bourdarios, C. Broklova, Z. Chromek, D. Burckhart Bychkov, V. Callahan, J. Calvet, D. Canneri, M. Garrido, M. Capeans Caprini, M. Sas, L. Cardiel Carli, T. Carminati, L. Carvalho, J. Cascella, M. Castillo, M. V. Catinaccio, A. Cauz, D. Cavalli, D. Cavalli Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Cetin, S. A. Chen, H. Cherkaoui, R. Chevalier, L. Chevallier, F. Chouridou, S. Ciobotaru, M. Citterio, M. Clark, A. Cleland, B. Cobal, M. Cogneras, E. Conde Muino, P. Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Cornelissen, T. Correard, S. Radu, A. Corso Costa, G. Costa, M. J. Costanzo, D. Cuneo, S. Cwetanski, P. Da Silva, D. Dam, M. Dameri, M. Danielsson, H. O. Dannheim, D. Darbo, G. Davidek, T. De, K. Defay, P. O. Dekhissi, B. Del Peso, J. Del Prete, T. Delmastro, M. Derue, F. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Girolamo, B. Dita, S. Dittus, F. Djama, F. Djobava, T. Dobos, D. Dobson, M. Dolgoshein, B. A. Dotti, A. Drake, G. Drasal, Z. Dressnandt, N. Driouchi, C. Drohan, J. Ebenstein, W. L. Eerola, P. Efthymiopoulos, I. Egorov, K. Eifert, T. F. Einsweiler, K. El Kacimi, M. Elsing, M. Emelyanov, D. Escobar, C. Etienvre, A. I. Fabich, A. Facius, K. Fakhr-Edine, A. I. Fanti, M. Farbin, A. Farthouat, P. Fassouliotis, D. Fayard, L. Febbraro, R. Fedin, O. L. Fenyuk, A. Fergusson, D. Ferrari, P. Ferrari, R. Ferreira, B. C. Ferrer, A. Ferrere, D. Filippini, G. Flick, T. Fournier, D. Francavilla, P. Francis, D. Froeschl, R. Froidevaux, D. Fullana, E. Gadomski, S. Gagliardi, G. Gagnon, P. Gallas, M. Gallop, B. J. Gameiro, S. Gan, K. K. Garcia, R. Garcia, C. Gavrilenko, I. L. Gemme, C. Gerlach, P. Ghodbane, N. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giangiobbe, V. Giokaris, N. Glonti, G. Goettfert, T. Golling, T. Gollub, N. Gomes, A. Gomez, M. D. Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. Goodrick, M. J. Gorfine, G. Gorini, B. Goujdami, D. Grahn, K-J. Grenier, P. Grigalashvili, N. Grishkevich, Y. Grosse-Knetter, J. Gruwe, M. Guicheney, C. Gupta, A. Haeberli, C. Haertel, R. Hajduk, Z. Hakobyan, H. Hance, M. Hansen, J. D. Hansen, P. H. Hara, K. Harvey, A., Jr. Hawkings, R. J. Heinemann, F. E. W. Correia, A. Henriques Henss, T. Hervas, L. Higon, E. Hill, J. C. Hoffman, J. Hostachy, J. Y. Hruska, I. Hubaut, F. Huegging, F. Hulsbergen, W. Hurwitz, M. Iconomidou-Fayard, L. Jansen, E. Plante, I. Jen-La Johansson, P. D. C. Jon-And, K. Joos, M. Jorgensen, S. Joseph, J. Kaczmarska, A. Kado, M. Karyukhin, A. Kataoka, M. Kayumov, F. Kazarov, A. Keener, P. T. Kekelidze, G. D. Kerschen, N. Kersten, S. Khomich, A. Khoriauli, G. Khramov, E. Khristachev, A. Khubua, J. Kittelmann, T. H. Klingenberg, R. Klinkby, E. B. Kodys, P. Koffas, T. Kolos, S. Konovalov, S. P. Konstantinidis, N. Kopikov, S. Korolkov, I. Kostyukhin, V. Kovalenko, S. Kowalski, T. Z. Krueger, K. Kramarenko, V. Kudin, L. G. Kulchitsky, Y. Lacasta, C. Lafaye, R. Laforge, B. Lampl, W. Lanni, F. Laplace, S. Lari, T. Le Bihan, A-C. Lechowski, M. Ledroit-Guillon, F. Lehmann, G. Leitner, R. Lelas, D. Lester, C. G. Liang, Z. Lichard, P. Liebig, W. Lipniacka, A. Lokajicek, M. Louchard, L. Lourerio, K. F. Lucotte, A. Luehring, F. Lund-Jensen, B. Lundberg, B. Ma, H. Mackeprang, R. Maio, A. Maleev, V. P. Malek, F. Mandelli, L. Maneira, J. Mangin-Brinet, M. Manousakis, A. Mapelli, L. Marques, C. Marti i Garcia, S. Martin, F. Mathes, M. Mazzanti, M. McFarlane, K. W. McPherson, R. Mchedlidze, G. Mehlhase, S. Meirosu, C. Meng, Z. Meroni, C. Mialkovski, V. Mikulec, B. Milstead, D. Minashvili, I. Mindur, B. Mitsou, V. A. Moed, S. Monnier, E. Moorhead, G. Morettini, P. Morozov, S. V. Mosidze, M. Mouraviev, S. V. Moyse, E. W. J. Munar, A. Myagkov, A. Nadtochi, A. V. Nakamura, K. Nechaeva, P. Negri, A. Nemecek, S. Nessi, M. Nesterov, S. Y. Newcomer, F. M. Nikitine, I. Nikolaev, K. Nikolic-Audit, I. Ogren, H. Oh, S. H. Oleshko, S. B. Olszowska, J. Onofre, A. Aranda, C. Padilla Paganis, S. Pallin, D. Pantea, D. Paolone, V. Parodi, F. Parsons, J. Parzhitskiy, S. Pasqualucci, E. Passmored, S. M. Pater, J. Patrichev, S. Peez, M. Reale, V. Perez Perini, L. Peshekhonov, V. D. Petersen, J. Petersen, T. C. Petti, R. Phillips, P. W. Pina, J. Pinto, B. Podlyski, F. Poggioli, L. Poppleton, A. Poveda, J. Pralavorio, P. Pribyl, L. Price, M. J. Prieur, D. Puigdengoles, C. Puzo, P. Rohne, O. Ragusa, F. Rajagopalan, S. Reeves, K. Reisinger, I. Rembser, C. de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman Reznicek, P. Ridel, M. Risso, P. Riu, I. Robinson, D. Roda, C. Roe, S. Rohne, O. Romaniouk, A. Rousseau, D. Rozanov, A. Ruiz, A. Rusakovich, N. Rust, D. Ryabov, Y. F. Ryjov, V. Salto, O. Salvachua, B. Salzburger, A. Sandaker, H. Rios, C. Santamarina Santi, L. Santoni, C. Saraiva, J. G. Sarri, F. Sauvage, G. Says, L. P. Schaefer, M. Schegelsky, V. A. Schiavi, C. Schieck, J. Schlager, G. Schlereth, J. Schmitt, C. Schultes, J. Schwemling, P. Schwindling, J. Seixas, J. M. Seliverstov, D. M. Serin, L. Sfyrla, A. Shalanda, N. Shaw, C. Shin, T. Shmeleva, A. Silva, J. Simion, S. Simonyan, M. Sloper, J. E. Smirnov, S. Yu. Smirnova, L. Solans, C. Solodkov, A. Solovianov, O. Soloviev, I. Sosnovtsev, V. V. Spano, F. Speckmayer, P. Stancu, S. Stanek, R. Starchenko, E. Straessner, A. Suchkov, S. I. Suk, M. Szczygiel, R. Tarrade, F. Tartarelli, F. Tas, P. Tayalati, Y. Tegenfeldt, F. Teuscher, R. Thioye, M. Tikhomirov, V. O. Timmermans, C. J. W. P. Tisserant, S. Toczek, B. Tremblet, L. Troncon, C. Tsiareshka, P. Tyndel, M. Unel, M. Karagoez Unal, G. Unel, G. Usai, G. Van Berg, R. Valero, A. Valkar, S. Valls, J. A. Vandelli, W. Vannucci, F. Vartapetian, A. Vassilakopoulos, V. I. Vasilyeva, L. Vazeille, F. Vernocchi, F. Vetter-Cole, Y. Vichou, I. Vinogradov, V. Virzi, J. Vivarelli, I. de Vivie, J. B. Volpi, M. Anh, T. Vu Wang, C. Warren, M. Weber, J. Weber, M. Weidberg, A. R. Weingarten, J. Wells, P. S. Werner, P. Wheeler, S. Wiessmann, M. Wilkens, H. Williams, H. H. Wingerter-Seez, I. Yasu, Y. Zaitsev, A. Zenin, A. Zenis, T. Zenonos, Z. Zhang, H. Zhelezko, A. Zhou, N. TI Combined performance studies for electrons at the 2004 ATLAS combined test-beam SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Particle tracking detectors; Transition radiation detectors; Calorimeters; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics ID ELECTROMAGNETIC BARREL CALORIMETER AB In 2004 at the ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) combined test beam, one slice of the ATLAS barrel detector (including an Inner Detector set-up and the Liquid Argon calorimeter) was exposed to particles from the H8 SPS beam line at CERN. It was the first occasion to test the combined electron performance of ATLAS. This paper presents results obtained for the momentum measurement p with the Inner Detector and for the performance of the electron measurement with the LAr calorimeter (energy E linearity and resolution) in the presence of a magnetic field in the Inner Detector for momenta ranging from 20 GeV/c to 100 GeV/c. Furthermore the particle identification capabilities of the Transition Radiation Tracker, Bremsstrahlungs-recovery algorithms relying on the LAr calorimeter and results obtained for the E/p ratio and a way how to extract scale parameters will be discussed. C1 Univ Alberta, Ctr Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Drake, G.; Fullana, E.; Salvachua, B.; Schlereth, J.; Stanek, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lampl, W.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [De, K.; Farbin, A.; Vartapetian, A.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. 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[Hoffman, J.; Liang, Z.; Vetter-Cole, Y.] So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Dobos, D.; Klingenberg, R.; Reisinger, I.; Weber, J.] Univ Dortmund, DE-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Straessner, A.] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Kern & Teilchenphys, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Benjamin, D. P.; Ebenstein, W. L.; Klinkby, E. B.; Oh, S. H.; Wang, C.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Biscarat, C.] CNRS, Ctr Calcul, IN2P3, Lyon, France. [Clark, A.; Ferrere, D.; Gadomski, S.; Gomez, M. D.; Mangin-Brinet, M.; Mikulec, B.; Moed, S.; Riu, I.; Sfyrla, A.; Anh, T. Vu] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Shaw, C.] Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Addy, T. N.; Harvey, A., Jr.; McFarlane, K. W.; Shin, T.] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Mehlhase, S.] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. 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[Binet, S.; Bourdarios, C.; Fayard, L.; Fournier, D.; Iconomidou-Fayard, L.; Kado, M.; Lechowski, M.; Lelas, D.; Poggioli, L.; Puzo, P.; Rousseau, D.; Serin, L.; Simion, S.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, LAL, IN2P3, Orsay, France. [Rohne, O.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Barr, A. J.; Heinemann, F. E. W.; de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman; Unel, M. Karagoez; Weidberg, A. R.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Ferrari, R.; Negri, A.] INFN Pavia, IT-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Ferrari, R.; Negri, A.] Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Fis Nucl & Teor, IT-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Dressnandt, N.; Hance, M.; Keener, P. T.; Martin, F.; Munar, A.; Newcomer, F. M.; Van Berg, R.; Williams, H. H.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Fedin, O. L.; Kazarov, A.; Khristachev, A.; Kovalenko, S.; Kudin, L. G.; Maleev, V. P.; Nadtochi, A. V.; Nesterov, S. Y.; Oleshko, S. B.; Patrichev, S.; Ryabov, Y. F.; Schegelsky, V. A.; Seliverstov, D. 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[Lokajicek, M.; Nemecek, S.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Lokajicek, M.; Nemecek, S.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Comp Sci, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Broklova, Z.; Davidek, T.; Drasal, Z.; Hruska, I.; Kodys, P.; Leitner, R.; Reznicek, P.; Suk, M.; Tas, P.; Valkar, S.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Fenyuk, A.; Karyukhin, A.; Kopikov, S.; Myagkov, A.; Nikitine, I.; Solodkov, A.; Solovianov, O.; Starchenko, E.; Zaitsev, A.; Zenin, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Fed Agcy Atom, Protvino 142284, Russia. [Adragna, P.] Univ London, London E1 4N5, England. [Cherkaoui, R.] Univ Mohammed 5, Fac Sci, Mo Rabat, Morocco. [Jansen, E.; Timmermans, C. J. W. P.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, Dept Exp High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Baines, J.; Emelyanov, D.; Gallop, B. J.; Phillips, P. W.; Prieur, D.; Tyndel, M.; Weber, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Benslama, K.] Univ Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada. [Da Silva, D.; Ferreira, B. C.; Seixas, J. M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Ilha Fundao, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Pasqualucci, E.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, IT-00185 Rome, Italy. [Pasqualucci, E.] INFN Roma I, IT-00185 Rome, Italy. [Boonekamp, M.; Chevalier, L.; Etienvre, A. I.; Schwindling, J.] CEA, Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Meng, Z.] Shandong Univ, Sch Phys, Jinan 250100, Shandong, Peoples R China. [Ahmad, A.; Meng, Z.] Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Tw Taipei 11529, Taiwan. [Costanzo, D.; Johansson, P. D. C.; Kerschen, N.; Paganis, S.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Jon-And, K.; Milstead, D.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Jon-And, K.; Milstead, D.] Oskar Klein Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Thioye, M.] Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Phys & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Djobava, T.; Mchedlidze, G.; Mosidze, M.] Tbilisi State Univ, Inst High Energy Phys, GE-380086 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Teuscher, R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Hara, K.; Nakamura, K.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Pure & Appl Sci, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 3058571, Japan. [Ciobotaru, M.; Kolos, S.; Stancu, S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Drohan, J.; Konstantinidis, N.; Warren, M.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Chouridou, S.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Vichou, I.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernabeu, J.; Castillo, M. V.; Costa, M. J.; Escobar, C.; Ferrer, A.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Higon, E.; Lacasta, C.; Marti i Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Ruiz, A.; Solans, C.; Valero, A.; Valls, J. A.] Inst Fis Corpuscular IFIC, Ctr Mixto UVEG CSIC, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Bernabeu, J.; Castillo, M. V.; Costa, M. J.; Escobar, C.; Ferrer, A.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Higon, E.; Lacasta, C.; Marti i Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Ruiz, A.; Solans, C.; Valero, A.; Valls, J. A.] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis At Mol & Nucl, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Bernabeu, J.; Castillo, M. V.; Costa, M. J.; Escobar, C.; Ferrer, A.; Garcia, C.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Higon, E.; Lacasta, C.; Marti i Garcia, S.; Mitsou, V. A.; Ruiz, A.; Solans, C.; Valero, A.; Valls, J. A.] IMB CNM CSIC, Inst Microelect Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [McPherson, R.] Univ Victoria, Dept Phys & Astron, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. [Poveda, J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Flick, T.; Gerlach, P.; Henss, T.; Kersten, S.; Reeves, K.; Schultes, J.] Bergische Univ, DE-42097 Wuppertal, Germany. [Baker, O. K.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Hakobyan, H.] Yerevan Phys Inst, AM-375036 Yrevan, Armenia. RP Froeschl, R (reprint author), CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM robert.froesch1@cern.ch RI De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Morozov, Sergey/C-1396-2014; Nemecek, Stanislav/G-5931-2014; Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/K-4686-2014; Bosman, Martine/J-9917-2014; Riu, Imma/L-7385-2014; Ferrer, Antonio/H-2942-2015; Bernabeu, Jose/H-6708-2015; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/M-6194-2015; kayumov, fred/M-6274-2015; Shmeleva, Alevtina/M-6199-2015; Suchkov, Sergey/M-6671-2015; Gavrilenko, Igor/M-8260-2015; Carvalho, Joao/M-4060-2013; Konovalov, Serguei/M-9505-2015; vasilyeva, lidia/M-9569-2015; Maneira, Jose/D-8486-2011; Mindur, Bartosz/A-2253-2017; Solodkov, Alexander/B-8623-2017; Zaitsev, Alexandre/B-8989-2017; Karyukhin, Andrey/J-3904-2014; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/A-5629-2016; Mitsou, Vasiliki/D-1967-2009; Andreazza, Attilio/E-5642-2011; Szczygiel, Robert/B-5662-2011; Alexa, Calin/F-6345-2010; Marti-Garcia, Salvador/F-3085-2011; Cascella, Michele/B-6156-2013; Pina, Joao /C-4391-2012; Conde Muino, Patricia/F-7696-2011; Smirnova, Lidia/D-8089-2012; Smirnov, Sergei/F-1014-2011; Kramarenko, Victor/E-1781-2012; Moorhead, Gareth/B-6634-2009; Delmastro, Marco/I-5599-2012 OI De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Morozov, Sergey/0000-0002-6748-7277; Santamarina Rios, Cibran/0000-0002-9810-1816; Bosman, Martine/0000-0002-7290-643X; Riu, Imma/0000-0002-3742-4582; Ferrer, Antonio/0000-0003-0532-711X; Bernabeu, Jose/0000-0002-0296-9988; Tikhomirov, Vladimir/0000-0002-9634-0581; Mendes Saraiva, Joao Gentil/0000-0002-7006-0864; Beck, Hans Peter/0000-0001-7212-1096; Lacasta, Carlos/0000-0002-2623-6252; PAGANIS, STATHES/0000-0002-1950-8993; Carvalho, Joao/0000-0002-3015-7821; Maneira, Jose/0000-0002-3222-2738; Mindur, Bartosz/0000-0002-5511-2611; Solodkov, Alexander/0000-0002-2737-8674; Zaitsev, Alexandre/0000-0002-4961-8368; Maio, Amelia/0000-0001-9099-0009; Karyukhin, Andrey/0000-0001-9087-4315; Tartarelli, Giuseppe Francesco/0000-0002-4244-502X; Gomes, Agostinho/0000-0002-5940-9893; Mitsou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-1533-8886; Andreazza, Attilio/0000-0001-5161-5759; Cascella, Michele/0000-0003-2091-2501; Pina, Joao /0000-0001-8959-5044; Conde Muino, Patricia/0000-0002-9187-7478; Smirnov, Sergei/0000-0002-6778-073X; Moorhead, Gareth/0000-0002-9299-9549; Delmastro, Marco/0000-0003-2992-3805 NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 5 AR P11006 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/11/P11006 PG 68 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 691AE UT WOS:000285051500031 ER PT J AU Baden, D Frahm, E Freeman, J Grassi, T Los, S Mans, J Shaw, T Tully, C Whitmore, J Zimmerman, T AF Baden, D. Frahm, E. Freeman, J. Grassi, T. Los, S. Mans, J. Shaw, T. Tully, C. Whitmore, J. Zimmerman, T. TI Developments for the upgrade of the CMS HCAL front-end electronics SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics CY SEP 20-24, 2010 CL Aachen, GERMANY DE Front-end electronics for detector readout; Data acquisition concepts; Radiation-hard electronics AB We present a scheme to upgrade the CMS HCAL front-end electronics in 2015-16. The HCAL upgrade is required to handle a major luminosity increase of LHC which is expected for 2017. This paper focuses on the requirements for the new electronics and on the proposed solutions. The requirements include increased channel count, additional timing capabilities, and additional redundancy in a harsh environment which is constrained by the existing system. The proposed solutions span from chip level to system level. They include the development of a new ADC ASIC, the evaluation and use of circuits from other developments, evaluation of commercial FPGAs, better thermal design and improvements in the overall architecture. C1 [Freeman, J.; Grassi, T.; Los, S.; Shaw, T.; Whitmore, J.; Zimmerman, T.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Baden, D.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Frahm, E.; Mans, J.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Tully, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Grassi, T (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tullio.grassi@cern.ch NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 5 AR C11005 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/11/C11005 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 691AE UT WOS:000285051500005 ER PT J AU Gironi, L Arnaboldi, C Beeman, JW Cremonesi, O Danevich, FA Degoda, VY IvIeva, LI Nagornaya, LL Pavan, M Pessina, G Pirro, S Tretyak, VI Tupitsyna, IA AF Gironi, L. Arnaboldi, C. Beeman, J. W. Cremonesi, O. Danevich, F. A. Degoda, V. Ya. IvIeva, L. I. Nagornaya, L. L. Pavan, M. Pessina, G. Pirro, S. Tretyak, V. I. Tupitsyna, I. A. TI Performance of ZnMoO(4) crystal as cryogenic scintillating bolometer to search for double beta decay of molybdenum SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Cryogenic detectors; Gamma detectors (scintillators, CZT, HPG, Hgt etc); Particle identification methods ID RARE EVENTS; LI2MOO4 CRYSTAL; DETECTORS; SENSITIVITY; NEUTRINOS; MOLYBDATE; CUORICINO; MO-100; LIGHT; MASS AB Zinc molybdate (ZnMoO(4)) single crystals were grown for the first time by the Czochralski method and their luminescence was measured under X-ray excitation in the temperature range 85-400 K. Properties of ZnMoO(4) crystal as cryogenic low temperature scintillator were checked for the first time. Radioactive contamination of the ZnMoO(4) crystal was estimated as <= 0.3 mBq/kg ((228)Th) and 8 mBq/kg ((226)Ra). Thanks to the simultaneous measurement of the scintillation light and the phonon signal, the alpha particles can be discriminated from the gamma/beta interactions, making this compound extremely promising for the search of neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of (100)Mo. We also report on the ability to discriminate the alpha-induced background without the light measurement, thanks to a different shape of the thermal signal that characterizes gamma/beta and alpha particle interactions. C1 [Gironi, L.; Arnaboldi, C.; Cremonesi, O.; Pavan, M.; Pessina, G.; Pirro, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Gironi, L.; Pavan, M.] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis, I-20126 Milan, Italy. [Beeman, J. W.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Danevich, F. A.; Tretyak, V. I.] Inst Nucl Res, MSP, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [Degoda, V. Ya.] Kyiv Natl Taras Shevchenko Univ, MSP, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. [IvIeva, L. I.] Inst Gen Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Nagornaya, L. L.; Tupitsyna, I. A.] Inst Scintillat Mat, UA-61001 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Pirro, S (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano Bicocca, I-20126 Milan, Italy. EM Stefano.Pirro@mib.infn.it RI Gironi, Luca/P-2860-2016; OI Gironi, Luca/0000-0003-2019-0967; pavan, maura/0000-0002-9723-7834; Pessina, Gianluigi Ezio/0000-0003-3700-9757; Tretyak, Vladimir/0000-0002-2369-0679; Ivleva, Liudmila/0000-0002-1643-9179 FU National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine FX The results reported here have been obtained in the framework of the Bolux R&D Experiment funded by INFN, aiming at the optimization of a cryogenic DBD Experiment for a next generation experiment. Thanks are due to E. Tatananni, A. Rotilio, A. Corsi and B. Romualdi for continuous and constructive help in the overall setup construction. Finally, we are especially grateful to Maurizio Perego for his invaluable help in the development and improvement of the Data Acquisition software. The work of F.A. Danevich and V.I. Tretyak was partially supported by the Project "Kosmomikrofizyka-2" (Astroparticle physics) of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. NR 43 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 5 AR P11007 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/11/P11007 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 691AE UT WOS:000285051500032 ER PT J AU Kline, JL Montgomery, DS Johnson, RP Shimada, T AF Kline, J. L. Montgomery, D. S. Johnson, R. P. Shimada, T. TI Measuring electron heat conduction in non-uniform laser-produced plasmas using imaging Thomson scattering SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Plasma generation (laser-produced, RF, x ray-produced); Plasma diagnostics - inter-ferometry, spectroscopy and imaging ID DETAILED CHARACTERIZATION; FACILITY; WAVES AB Spatial profiles of the electron temperature have been measured via imaging Thomson scattering from ion acoustic waves near the critical surface of a laser-produced plasma. Thomson scattered light from a 351 nm probe beam, pointed normal to target surface, is collected and imaged along the direction of the probe beam. From the scattered light, the electron temperature, plasma flow, and electron drifts of the blow off plasma are determined. The experiment is performed with and without a 1053 nm heater beam used to deposit energy near the critical surface and modify the electron temperature. The effect of the heating is observed in the electron temperature profiles on both the high and low density side of the critical surface. Using the configuration demonstrated in this manuscript, it may be possible to measure heat flow in future experiments to directly determine the electron heat conduction. C1 [Kline, J. L.; Montgomery, D. S.; Johnson, R. P.; Shimada, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kline, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jkline@lanl.gov OI Kline, John/0000-0002-2271-9919 FU U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Trident team as well as the target fabrication team. The authors would also like to acknowledge useful discussions with Dr. Siegfried Glenzer, Dr. Dustin Froula, and Dr. Laurent Divol. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 5 AR P11005 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/5/11/P11005 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 691AE UT WOS:000285051500030 ER PT J AU Zotev, VS Owens, T Matlashov, AN Savukov, IM Gomez, JJ Espy, MA AF Zotev, Vadim S. Owens, Tuba Matlashov, Andrei N. Savukov, Igor M. Gomez, John J. Espy, Michelle A. TI Microtesla MRI with dynamic nuclear polarization SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE DNP; Overhauser; MRI; Microtesla MRI; SQUID; Carbon-13 ID LIQUID-STATE NMR; ULTRA-LOW FIELD; EARTHS MAGNETIC-FIELD; TO-NOISE RATIO; SURFACE-COIL; RESONANCE; C-13; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION; TIMES AB Magnetic resonance imaging at microtesla fields is a promising imaging method that combines the prepolarization technique and broadband signal reception by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensors to enable in vivo MRI at microtesla-range magnetic fields similar in strength to the Earth magnetic field. Despite significant advances in recent years, the potential of microtesla MRI for biomedical imaging is limited by its insufficient signal-to-noise ratio due to a relatively low sample polarization. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a widely used approach that allows polarization enhancement by 2-4 orders of magnitude without an increase in the polarizing field strength. In this work, the first implementation of microtesla MRI with Overhauser DNP and SQUID signal detection is described. The first measurements of carbon-13 NMR spectra at microtesla fields are also reported. The experiments were performed at the measurement field of 96 mu T, corresponding to Larmor frequency of 4 kHz for protons and 1 kHz for carbon-13. The Overhauser DNP was carried out at 3.5-5.7 mT fields using rf irradiation at 120 MHz. Objects for imaging included water phantoms and a cactus plant. Aqueous solutions of metabolically relevant sodium bicarbonate, pyruvate, alanine, and lactate, labeled with carbon-13, were used for NMR studies. All the samples were doped with TEMPO free radicals. The Overhauser DNP enabled nuclear polarization enhancement by factor as large as -95 for protons and as large as -200 for carbon-13, corresponding to thermal polarizations at 0.33 T and 1.1 T fields, respectively. These results demonstrate that SQUID-based microtesla MRI can be naturally combined with Overhauser DNP in one system, and that its signal-to-noise performance is greatly improved in this case. They also suggest that microtesla MRI can become an efficient tool for in vivo imaging of hyperpolarized carbon-13, produced by low-temperature dissolution DNP. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Zotev, Vadim S.; Owens, Tuba; Matlashov, Andrei N.; Savukov, Igor M.; Gomez, John J.; Espy, Michelle A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Modern Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zotev, VS (reprint author), Laureate Inst Brain Res, 6655 S Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK 74136 USA. EM vzotev@laureateinstitute.org OI Savukov, Igor/0000-0003-4190-5335 FU US National Institutes of Health [R01-EB006456]; US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research [KP1503020] FX We would like to thank Joe Bradley, John Galbraith, Kevin Henderson, Tom Lopez, Mark Peters, Dale Tupa, and Algis Urbaitis for their technical help. We also gratefully acknowledge the support of the US National Institutes of Health Grant R01-EB006456 and of the US Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research Grant KP1503020. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 207 IS 1 BP 78 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.08.015 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 673AU UT WOS:000283631400010 PM 20843715 ER PT J AU Fowler, DJ Khalifah, PG Thompson, LK AF Fowler, Daniel J. Khalifah, Peter G. Thompson, Lynmarie K. TI Design and characterization of a calixarene inclusion compound for calibration of long-range carbon-fluorine distance measurements by solid-state NMR SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Carbon-fluorine distance measurements; REDOR; Rotational echo double resonance; Magic angle spinning; Calixarene ID DOUBLE-RESONANCE NMR; ROTATIONAL-ECHO; PULSE IMPERFECTIONS; REDOR AB An inexpensive, easily synthesized calixarene:fluorotoluene host:guest inclusion complex has been designed for optimization and calibration of solid-state NMR measurements of carbon-fluorine distances using Rotational Echo DOuble Resonance (REDOR). Complexation of the fluorotoluene with the calixarene host separates the molecules such that simple two-spin behavior is observed for one site with a 4.08 angstrom carbon-fluorine distance. Fluorotoluene dynamics within the calixarene matrix cause motional averaging of the dipolar couplings, which makes it possible to easily optimize REDOR experiments and test their accuracy for relatively long distance measurements (>6.6 angstrom). This provides a new tool for accurate REDOR measurements of long carbon- fluorine distances, which have important applications in the characterization of fluorine-containing drugs, proteins, and polymers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fowler, Daniel J.; Thompson, Lynmarie K.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Khalifah, Peter G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Khalifah, Peter G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Thompson, LK (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, 710 N Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM thompson@chem.umass.edu FU University of Massachusetts and the National Science Foundation [CHE-9974648]; US Public Health Service [GM47601]; National Institutes of Health [T32 GM08515] FX We thank A. Chandrasekaran and Weiguo Hu for helpful discussions, and Bob Herbst for work on an initial crystal structure. The X-ray Structural Characterization Lab in the UMass Department of Chemistry is supported by the University of Massachusetts and the National Science Foundation (Grant CHE-9974648). This research was supported by US Public Health Service Grant GM47601. DJF was partially supported by National Research Service Award T32 GM08515 from the National Institutes of Health. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 207 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.08.008 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 673AU UT WOS:000283631400018 PM 20822943 ER PT J AU Mun, ED Bud'ko, SL Ko, H Miller, GJ Canfield, PC AF Mun, E. D. Bud'ko, S. L. Ko, H. Miller, G. J. Canfield, P. C. TI Physical properties and anisotropies of the RNiGe3 series (R = Y, Ce-Nd, Sm, Gd-Lu) SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE RNiGe3; Anisotropy-magnetic; Metamagnetism; Superzone gap; CEF effect ID CRYSTALLINE ELECTRIC-FIELD; EARTH RHODIUM BORIDES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; RARE-EARTH; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GADOLINIUM COMPOUNDS; POWDER DIFFRACTION; NI-GE; LA-ND; RESISTIVITY AB We have studied RNiGe3 (R=Y, CeNd, Sm, GdLu) single crystals by measuring crystal structure and stoichiometry, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, and specific heat. Clear anisotropies as well as antiferromagnetic ordering in the RNiGe3 series (R=CeNd, Sm, GdTm) have been observed above 1.8 K from the magnetic susceptibility. A metamagnetic transition in this family (except for R=Sm) was detected at 2 K for applied magnetic fields below 70 kOe. The electrical resistivity of this series follows metallic behavior in the high temperature region. Below the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature a significant anisotropy is exhibited in the resistivity and magnetoresistance for different current directions. The anisotropic magnetic, transport, and thermal properties of RNiGe3 compounds are discussed in terms of Ni site occupancy as well as a combination of the effect of formation of a magnetic superzone gap and the crystalline electric field. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mun, E. D.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Ko, H.; Miller, G. J.; Canfield, P. C.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Mun, E. D.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ko, H.; Miller, G. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mun, ED (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM edmun@iastate.edu; canfield@ameslab.gov RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We would like to thank A. Kreyssig for help with X-ray analysis, V. Smetana for additional X-ray diffraction analysis, and B. K. Cho for help with CEF analysis. Work at Ames Laboratory was supported by the Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 322 IS 21 BP 3527 EP 3543 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.06.057 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 640OR UT WOS:000281061400057 ER PT J AU Eriksen, MB Jorgensen, LB Krarup, H Laursen, AL Christensen, PB Moller, A Schlichting, P Kuiken, C Bukh, J Weis, N AF Eriksen, Mette Brandt Jorgensen, Louise Bruun Krarup, Henrik Laursen, Alex Lund Christensen, Peer Brehm Moller, Axel Schlichting, Poul Kuiken, Carla Bukh, Jens Weis, Nina CA DANHEP Grp TI Molecular and Epidemiological Profiles of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in Denmark SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HCV; genotype 4; intravenous drug use; core/E1 region; phylogenetic analysis ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; LINE PROBE ASSAY; HIGH PREVALENCE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; INFECTION; SUBTYPES; SPREAD AB The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 has increased throughout Europe. This is an epidemiological study of patients infected chronically with HCV genotype 4 in Denmark. The HCV strains analyzed originated from patient samples collected between 1999 and 2007 as part of the national Danish hepatitis B and C network, DANHEP. Sequence analyses were based on the envelope 1 region of HCV. Results from a total of 72 patients indicated a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Fifty-six patients (78%) were infected with one of the three dominating sub-types: 4d, 4a, or 4r. The remaining 16 patients (22%) were infected with subtypes 4h, 4k, 4l, 4n, 4o, or 4Unclassified. Three epidemiological profiles were identified: (1) patients infected with HCV by intravenous drug use were infected solely with subtype 4d. They were all of European origin, and 15 of the 16 patients were ethnic Danes. No single transmission event could be confirmed, but the pairwise nucleotide identity within the patients of Danish origin was relatively high (similar to 95%), suggesting a recent introduction into Denmark. (2) The 21 patients infected with subtype 4a all came from Northern Africa, Egypt, Pakistan, or the Middle East. (3) Patients from Southern Africa dominated among patients infected with subtype 4r (10 of 12 patients). This study demonstrates that HCV genotype 4d has been introduced in and spread among Danish intravenous drug users. The remaining subtypes show restricted distribution, infecting almost exclusively patients from geographical areas with a relatively high prevalence of HCV genotype 4 infections. J. Med. Virol. 82: 1869-1877, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Eriksen, Mette Brandt; Jorgensen, Louise Bruun] Statens Serum Inst, Dept Virol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Krarup, Henrik] Aalborg Univ Hosp, Unit Mol Diagnost, Dept Gastroenterol, Aalborg, Denmark. [Krarup, Henrik] Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Aalborg, Denmark. [Laursen, Alex Lund] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. [Christensen, Peer Brehm] Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. [Moller, Axel] Kolding Cty Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Kolding, Denmark. [Schlichting, Poul] Herlev Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. [Kuiken, Carla] Los Alamos Natl Lab, HCV Database, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Bukh, Jens] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Copenhagen Hepatitis Program CO HEP C, Dept Infect Dis, Hvidovre, Denmark. [Bukh, Jens] Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Clin Res Ctr, Hvidovre, Denmark. [Bukh, Jens] Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Int Hlth Immunol & Microbiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Jorgensen, LB (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Virol, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM lob@ssi.dk RI Christensen, Peer/B-8042-2015; OI Brandt Eriksen, Mette/0000-0001-6785-261X; Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, Ove B/0000-0003-1969-2329 FU Danish Research Counsel; Hartmann Foundation; A. P. Moller Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science; Lundbeck Foundation FX Grant sponsor: Danish Research Counsel; Grant sponsor: The Hartmann Foundation (to M. B. E.); Grant sponsor: A. P. Moller Foundation for the Advancement of Medical Science (to N.W.).; We thank laboratory technicians Lone Sandbjerg Hindbaek, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Anne Bentzen-Pedersen, Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Clinical Chemistry, Unit for Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark, for their dedicated work. Jens Bukh is the recipient of a professorship at the University of Copenhagen with external funding from the Lundbeck Foundation. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 82 IS 11 BP 1869 EP 1877 DI 10.1002/jmv.21896 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 655RJ UT WOS:000282266900009 PM 20872713 ER PT J AU Becquart, CS Barbu, A Bocquet, JL Caturla, MJ Domain, C Fu, CC Golubov, SI Hou, M Malerba, L Ortiz, CJ Souidi, A Stoller, RE AF Becquart, C. S. Barbu, A. Bocquet, J. L. Caturla, M. J. Domain, C. Fu, C-C. Golubov, S. I. Hou, M. Malerba, L. Ortiz, C. J. Souidi, A. Stoller, R. E. TI Modeling the long-term evolution of the primary damage in ferritic alloys using coarse-grained methods SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID KINETIC MONTE-CARLO; NEUTRON-IRRADIATED IRON; HEAVY-ION IRRADIATION; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DISLOCATION LOOPS; INTERSTITIAL LOOPS; RADIATION-DAMAGE; DEFECT CLUSTERS; ALPHA-IRON; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AB Knowledge of the long-term evolution of the microstructure after introduction of primary damage is an essential ingredient in understanding mechanical property changes that occur during irradiation. Within the European integrated project "PERFECT," different techniques have been developed or improved to model microstructure evolution of Fe alloys under irradiation. This review paper aims to present the current state of the art of these techniques, as developed in the project, as well as the main results obtained. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Becquart, C. S.] Univ Lille 1, UMR 8207, Unite Mat & Tech UMET, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Barbu, A.; Bocquet, J. L.; Fu, C-C.] CEA Saclay, Serv Rech Met Phys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Caturla, M. J.; Ortiz, C. J.] Univ Alicante, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-03690 Alicante, Spain. [Domain, C.] EDF R&D, Dept MMC, F-77818 Les Renardieres, Moret Sur Loing, France. [Golubov, S. I.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Mat Proc, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Hou, M.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Phys Solides Irradies & Nanostruct CP234, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Malerba, L.] CEN SCK, Nucl Mat Sci Inst, Struct Mat Grp, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. [Ortiz, C. J.] CIEMAT, Lab Fus Confinamiento Magnet, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Souidi, A.] Ctr Univ Saida, Saida 20000, Algeria. [Golubov, S. I.; Stoller, R. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Becquart, CS (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, UMR 8207, Unite Mat & Tech UMET, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM charlotte.becquart@univ-lillel.fr RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; Ortiz, Christophe/H-3295-2015 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; Ortiz, Christophe/0000-0002-5146-0651 FU European Commission [FI60-CT-2003-508840]; Office of Fusion Sciences, US Department of Energy FX This work was performed in the framework of the Perfect IP, partially funded by the European Commission within the 6th Framework Program (contract nr. FI60-CT-2003-508840). Support for Stoller and Golubov was provided by the Office of Fusion Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 88 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 406 IS 1 BP 39 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.05.019 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 682YT UT WOS:000284439600005 ER PT J AU Hou, DB Ma, YZ Du, JG Yan, JY Ji, C Zhu, HY AF Hou, Dongbin Ma, Yanzhang Du, Jianguo Yan, Jinyuan Ji, Cheng Zhu, Hongyang TI High pressure X-ray diffraction study of ReS2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Semiconductors; High pressure; X-ray diffraction; Crystal structure; Phase transitions ID RHENIUM DISULFIDE; DICHALCOGENIDES; CRYSTALS; TECHNETIUM; ANISOTROPY AB The high-pressure behavior of rhenium disulfide (ReS2) has been investigated to 51.0 GPa by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. The results demonstrate that the ReS2 triclinic phase is stable up to 11.3 GPa, at which pressure the ReS2 transforms to a new high-pressure phase, which is tentatively identified with a hexagonal lattice in space group P (6) over bar m2. The high-pressure phase is stable up to the highest pressure in this study (51.0 GPa) and not quenchable upon decompression to ambient pressure. The compressibility of the triclinic phase exhibits anisotropy, meaning that it is more compressive along interlayer directions than intralayer directions, which demonstrates the properties of the weak interlayer van der Waals interactions and the strong intralayer covalent bonds. The largest change in the unit cell angles with increasing pressures is the increase of beta, which indicates a rotation of the sulfur atoms around the rhenium atoms during the compression. Fitting the experimental data of the triclinic phase to the third-order Birch-Murnaghan EOS yields a bulk modulus of K-OT=23 +/- 4 GPa with its pressure derivative K-OT' = 29 +/- 8, and the second-order yields K-OT=49 +/- 3 GPa. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hou, Dongbin; Ma, Yanzhang; Du, Jianguo; Ji, Cheng; Zhu, Hongyang] Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Du, Jianguo] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Earthquake Sci, Beijing 100036, Peoples R China. [Yan, Jinyuan] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ma, YZ (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM y.ma@ttu.edu RI Zhu, Hongyang/R-6854-2016; OI Du, Jianguo/0000-0002-8331-0359 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-0034]; Army Research Office [W911NF-09-1-0001]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0619215] FX This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-09-0034), the Army Research Office (W911NF-09-1-0001), and the National Science Foundation (DMR-0619215). NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2010 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1571 EP 1575 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.08.002 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 667OZ UT WOS:000283204700011 ER PT J AU Iikubo, S Koyanaka, H Shamoto, S Takeuchi, K Kohara, S Kodama, K Loong, CK AF Iikubo, Satoshi Koyanaka, Hideki Shamoto, Shin-ichi Takeuchi, Ken Kohara, Shinji Kodama, Katsuaki Loong, Chun-Keung TI Local crystal structure of nano-manganese-oxide gold adsorbent SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE Nanostructure; Oxides; Neutron scattering; X-ray diffraction; Crystal structure ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; NANOPARTICLES; REFINEMENT; BEAMLINE; SPRING-8; DIOXIDE; BL04B2 AB The local crystal structure of dried and deuterated nano-manganese-oxide powder samples was studied via atomic pair distribution function analysis of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data. The protonated sample shows ultrahigh efficiency as a gold adsorbent even from ppt-level aqueous solutions such as seawater. We show that the nano-manganese-oxide particles have an R-MnO(2)-type local crystal structure. The possible role of the protons on the surface of the nano-particles is discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shamoto, Shin-ichi] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nanomat Synth Grp, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Naka Ku, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Koyanaka, Hideki] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. [Takeuchi, Ken] Tokyo Univ Sci, Yamakoshi, Hokkaido 0493514, Japan. [Kohara, Shinji] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Loong, Chun-Keung] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Shamoto, S (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Nanomat Synth Grp, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Naka Ku, Shirakata 2-4, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. EM shamoto.shinichi@jaea.go.jp FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; US. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Science [W-31-109-Eng-38]; US. Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG-36] FX This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The experiments have benefited from the use of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source at Argonne National Laboratory, funded by the US. Department of Energy, BES-Materials Science, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, and the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, funded by the US. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-36. We thank Prof. Y. Kameda for providing D2O PDF data. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 2010 VL 71 IS 11 BP 1603 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2010.08.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 667OZ UT WOS:000283204700017 ER PT J AU Souchlas, N AF Souchlas, N. TI A dressed quark propagator representation in the Bethe-Salpeter description of mesons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; HADRON PHYSICS; PION; FORM; QCD; GLUON AB Using a non-perturbative approach that involves the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD and an effective interaction within their rainbow-ladder truncation scheme, we explore the effectiveness of a parametrization of dressed quark propagators in studying meson properties. The propagator parametrization is also used to extract useful information about a possible constituent-like behavior of the dynamical solution in the heavy quark mass limit and the effect on physical observables. Other benefits of this approach are also discussed and analyzed. C1 [Souchlas, N.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Souchlas, N.] Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Souchlas, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM nsouchlas@bnl.gov FU US National Science Foundation [NSF-PHY-0610129, NSF-PHY-0903991] FX I am deeply indebted to Dr Simos for his support. I am also grateful to P Tandy for his support and Pieter Maris for some useful ideas. This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under grants NSF-PHY-0610129 and NSF-PHY-0903991. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 37 IS 11 AR 115001 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/37/11/115001 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 662KU UT WOS:000282807000002 ER PT J AU Pineda-Porras, O Ordaz, M AF Pineda-Porras, Omar Ordaz, Mario TI Seismic Fragility Formulations for Segmented Buried Pipeline Systems Including the Impact of Differential Ground Subsidence SO JOURNAL OF PIPELINE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Ground subsidence; Segmented pipelines; Mexico City; Pipeline fragility functions AB Though differential ground subsidence (DGS) impacts the seismic response of segmented buried pipelines and increases their vulnerability, there are no fragility formulations that estimate repair rates under such conditions found in the literature. Although physical models that estimate pipeline seismic damage considering other cases of permanent ground subsidence (e. g., faulting, tectonic uplift, liquefaction, and landslides) have been extensively reported, this is not the case for DGS. The refinement of the study of two important phenomena in Mexico City-the 1985 Michoacan earthquake and the sinking of the city due to ground subsidence-has contributed to the analysis of the interrelation of pipeline damage, ground motion intensity, and DGS. From the analysis of the 122 cm (48 in.) diameter pipeline network of the Mexico City water system, fragility formulations for segmented buried pipeline systems for two DGS levels are proposed. The novel parameter PGV(2)/PGA (composite parameter in terms of peak ground velocity (PGV) and peak ground acceleration has been used as a seismic parameter in these formulations because in previous studies it has shown better correlation to pipeline damage than PGV alone. By comparing the proposed fragility formulations, it is concluded that a change in the DGS level (from low-medium to high) could increase the pipeline repair rates (number of repairs per kilometer) by factors ranging from 1.3 to 2.0, with a higher seismic intensity corresponding to a lower factor. C1 [Pineda-Porras, Omar] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ordaz, Mario] UNAM, Inst Ingn, Coyoacan 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Pineda-Porras, O (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K557, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM opp@lanl.gov FU Direccion General de Estudios de Posgrado at UNAM; D-4 Research Group (Energy and Infrastructure Analysis) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) FX This research was conducted at the Institute of Engineering of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) during the Ph.D. studies of the first writer. The support by the Direccion General de Estudios de Posgrado at UNAM is greatly appreciated. We thank Professors Gustavo Ayala and Michael O'Rourke for their comments on the results of this study. The writers want to thank D-4 Research Group (Energy and Infrastructure Analysis) of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for partially sponsoring this study. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1949-1190 EI 1949-1204 J9 J PIPELINE SYST ENG JI J. Pipel. Syst. Eng. Pract. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 4 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000061 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA V31SU UT WOS:000208904100002 ER PT J AU Liu, WN Sun, X Pederson, LR Marina, OA Khaleel, MA AF Liu, Wenning Sun, Xin Pederson, Larry R. Marina, Olga A. Khaleel, Moe A. TI Effect of nickel-phosphorus interactions on structural integrity of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Ni-YSZ anode degradation; SOFC structural integrity; Coal gas impurity; Phosphorus-nickel interaction; Mechanical properties ID COAL SYNGAS; SOFC ANODES; GAS; NI AB An integrated experimental/modeling approach was utilized to assess the structural integrity of Ni-yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) porous anode supports during the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation on coal gas containing trace amounts of phosphorus impurities. Phosphorus was chosen as a typical impurity exhibiting strong interactions with the nickel followed by second phase formation. Tests were performed using Ni-YSZ anode-supported button cells exposed to 0.5-10 ppm of phosphine in synthetic coal gas at 700-800 degrees C. The extent of Ni-P interactions was determined by a post-test scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Severe damage to the anode support due to nickel phosphide phase formation and extensive crystal coalescence was revealed, resulting in electric percolation loss. The subsequent finite element stress analyses were conducted using the actual anode support microstructures to assist in degradation mechanism explanation. Volume expansion induced by the Ni phase alteration was found to produce high stress levels such that local failure of the Ni-YSZ anode became possible under the operating conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Wenning; Sun, Xin; Pederson, Larry R.; Marina, Olga A.; Khaleel, Moe A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM xin.sun@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL); United States Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX We would like to acknowledge Dr. D.J. Edwards and A. Schemer-Kohrn for performing SEM and EBSD analyses and fruitful discussions. The work was funded as part of the Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Core Technology Program and Coal-Based Systems Core Research Program by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 21 SI SI BP 7140 EP 7145 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.015 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 634GR UT WOS:000280569000002 ER PT J AU Hongsirikarn, K Goodwin, JG Greenway, S Creager, S AF Hongsirikarn, Kitiya Goodwin, James G., Jr. Greenway, Scott Creager, Stephen TI Effect of cations (Na+, Ca2+, Fe3+) on the conductivity of a Nafion membrane SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE PEMFC; Ionic impurities; Cationic contaminants; Nafion; Conductivity; Two-probe impedance spectroscopy ID WATER TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS; ELECTROLYTE FUEL-CELLS; PERFLUOROSULFONATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; OXYGEN REDUCTION KINETICS; PROTON-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; PERFLUORINATED IONOMER; IMPURITY CATIONS; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; PEMFC PERFORMANCE; IONIC-RADII AB It is known that trace amounts of cations have a detrimental effect on the liquid-phase conductivity of perfluorosulfonated membranes at room temperature. However, the conditions used were very different from typical fuel cell conditions. Recent research has shown the impact of conductivity measurement conditions on NH4+ contaminated membranes. In this study, the impact of nonproton-containing cations (Mn+ = Na+,Ca2+, and Fe3+) on Nation membrane (N-211) conductivity was investigated both in deionized (DI) water at room temperature (similar to 25 degrees C) and in the gas phase at 80 degrees C under conditions similar to in a PEMFC. These conductivities were compared with those of Nation membranes contaminated with NH4+ ions. Under the same conditions, the conductivity of a metal cationic-contaminated membrane having the same proton composition (y(H+m)) was similar, but slightly lower than that of an NH4+-contaminated membrane. The conductivity in the purely H+-form of N-211 was more than 12 times greater than the Mn+-form form at 25 C in DI water. At 80 C. the gas-phase conductivity was 6 times and 125 times greater at 100%RH and 30%RH. respectively. The quantitative results for conductivity and activation energy of contaminated membranes under typical fuel cell conditions are reported here for the first time. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hongsirikarn, Kitiya; Goodwin, James G., Jr.] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Greenway, Scott] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Creager, Stephen] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Goodwin, JG (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 128 Earle Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM jgoodwi@clemson.edu RI Greenway, Scott/A-8084-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG36-07GO17011] FX We gratefully acknowledge the funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (Award No. DE-FG36-07GO17011). K.H. thanks Professor Christopher L. Kitchens, Mr. Wittawat Kositwattanarerk, and the staff of the EM Lab (Clemson University). NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 21 SI SI BP 7213 EP 7220 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.05.005 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 634GR UT WOS:000280569000013 ER PT J AU Xu, W Canfield, NL Wang, DY Xiao, J Nie, ZM Zhang, JG AF Xu, Wu Canfield, Nathan L. Wang, Deyu Xiao, Jie Nie, Zimin Zhang, Ji-Guang TI A three-dimensional macroporous Cu/SnO2 composite anode sheet prepared via a novel method SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE SnO2; Composite; Anode material; Porous sheet; Li-ion battery ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; HIGH-CAPACITY; THIN-FILM; PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION; ELECTRODES; STORAGE AB A three-dimensional macroporous Cu/SnO2 composite anode sheet for lithium ion batteries was prepared via a novel method that is based on selective reduction of metal oxides at appropriate temperatures. SnO2 particles were imbedded on the Cu particles within the three-dimensionally interconnected Cu substrate, and the whole composite sheet was used directly as an electrode without adding extra conductive carbons and binders. Compared with the SnO2-based electrode prepared via the conventional tape-casting method on Cu foil, the porous Cu/SnO2 composite electrode shows significantly improved battery performance. This methodology produces limited wastes and is also adaptable to many other materials. It is a promising approach to make macroporous electrode for Li-ion batteries. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Wu; Canfield, Nathan L.; Wang, Deyu; Xiao, Jie; Nie, Zimin; Zhang, Ji-Guang] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Xu, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wu.xu@pnl.gov RI Deyu, Wang/J-9496-2014; OI Xu, Wu/0000-0002-2685-8684 FU Pacific Northwest National laboratory (PNNL); Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project of Pacific Northwest National laboratory (PNNL) and the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy. The authors thank Dr. Bradley R. Johnson and Mr. Jarrod V. Crum of PNNL for helping the dot map test. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 21 SI SI BP 7403 EP 7408 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.05.054 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 634GR UT WOS:000280569000042 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Xu, W Liu, W AF Zhang, Jian Xu, Wu Liu, Wei TI Oxygen-selective immobilized liquid membranes for operation of lithium-air batteries in ambient air SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Lithium-air battery; Immobilized liquid membrane; O(2) selective membrane; Water barrier membrane; Silicone oil ID LI/AIR BATTERIES; SILICONE OILS; OPTIMIZATION; ELECTRODE; CARRIERS AB In this work, nonaqueous electrolyte-based Li-air batteries with an O(2)-selective membrane have been developed for operation in ambient air of 20-30% relative humidity (RH). The O(2) gas is continuously supplied through a membrane barrier layer at the interface of the cathode and ambient air. The membrane allows O(2) to permeate through while blocking moisture. Such membranes can be prepared by loading O(2)-selective silicone oils into porous supports such as porous metal sheets and Teflon (PTFE) films. It was found that the silicone oil of high viscosity shows better performance. The immobilized silicone oil membrane in the porous FTFE film enabled the Li-air batteries with carbon black air electrodes to operate in ambient air (at 20% RH) for 16.3 days with a specific capacity of 789 mAh g(-1) carbon and a specific energy of 2182 Wh kg(-1) carbon. Its performance is much better than a reference battery assembled with a commercial, porous PTFE diffusion membranes as the moisture barrier layer on the cathode, which only had a discharge time of 5.5 days corresponding to a specific capacity of 267 mAh g(-1) carbon and a specific energy of 704 Wh kg(-1) carbon. The Li-air battery with the present selective membrane barrier layer even showed better performance in ambient air operation (20% RH) than the reference battery tested in the dry air box (<1% RH). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Jian; Xu, Wu; Liu, Wei] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, W (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM wei.liu@pnl.gov OI Xu, Wu/0000-0002-2685-8684 FU U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). We would like to thank Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory (EMSL) of Pacific Northwest National Lab for providing clean room work space and analytical facilities. EMSL is DOE's user facility. We also like to acknowledge our colleagues, Mr. Nathan Canfield, Drs. Ji-Guang Zhang, Deyu Wang, and Jie Xiao for all the helps. NR 14 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 8 U2 79 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 195 IS 21 SI SI BP 7438 EP 7444 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.05.028 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 634GR UT WOS:000280569000047 ER PT J AU Chandrasekaran, A Bharadwaj, R Park, JI Sapra, R Adams, PD Singh, AK AF Chandrasekaran, Aarthi Bharadwaj, Rajiv Park, Joshua I. Sapra, Rajat Adams, Paul D. Singh, Anup K. TI A Microscale Platform for Integrated Cell-Free Expression and Activity Screening of Cellulases SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cell-free cellulase expression; cellulase screening; thermophilic microorganisms; integrated microscale platform ID FREE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS; BIOMASS; ETHANOL; HYDROLYSIS; PROTEOMICS; SYSTEMS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; PRETREATMENT; BIOETHANOL AB Recent advances in production of cellulases by genetic engineering and isolation from natural microbial communities have necessitated the development of high-throughput analytical technologies for cellulase expression and screening. We have developed a novel cost-effective microscale approach based on in vitro protein synthesis, which seamlessly integrates cellulase expression with activity screening without the need for any protein purification procedures. Our platform achieves the entire process of transcription, translation, and activity screening within 2-3 hours in microwell arrays compared with days needed for conventional cell-based cellulase expression, purification, and activity screening. Highly sensitive fluorescence-based detection permits activity screening in volumes as low as 2-3 mu L with minimal evaporation (even at temperatures as high as 95 degrees C) leading to two orders of magnitude reduction in reagent usage and cost. The platform was used for rapid expression and screening of beta-glucosidases (BGs) and cellohiohydrolases (CBHs) isolated from thermophilic microorganisms. Furthermore, it was also used to determine optimum temperatures for BG and CBH activities and to study product inhibition of CBHs. The approach described here is well suited for first-pass screening of large libraries to identify cellulases with desired properties that can subsequently be produced on a large scale for detailed structural and functional characterization. C1 [Chandrasekaran, Aarthi; Bharadwaj, Rajiv; Park, Joshua I.; Sapra, Rajat; Singh, Anup K.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Chandrasekaran, Aarthi; Bharadwaj, Rajiv; Park, Joshua I.; Sapra, Rajat; Adams, Paul D.; Singh, Anup K.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singh, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9292,POB 969,7011 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aksingh@sandia.gov RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; United States Department of Energy's Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank Dr. Masood Z. Hadi for useful discussions regarding cell-free protein expression. This work was part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 11 BP 5677 EP 5683 DI 10.1021/pr1003938 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 675FA UT WOS:000283810500017 PM 20735086 ER PT J AU Zhou, JY Schepmoes, AA Zhang, X Moore, RJ Monroe, ME Lee, JH Camp, DC Smith, RD Qian, WJ AF Zhou, Jian-Ying Schepmoes, Athena A. Zhang, Xu Moore, Ronald J. Monroe, Matthew E. Lee, Jung Hwa Camp, David C., II Smith, Richard D. Qian, Wei-Jun TI Improved LC-MS/MS Spectral Counting Statistics by Recovering Low-Scoring Spectra Matched to Confidently Identified Peptide Sequences SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spectral count; LC-MS/MS; false negative; quantification ID QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; SHOTGUN PROTEOMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LABEL-FREE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; ABUNDANCE; STRATEGY AB Spectral counting has become a popular method for LC-MS/MS based proteome quantification; however, this methodology is often not reliable when proteins are identified by a small number of spectra. Here, we present a simple strategy to improve spectral counting based quantification for low-abundance proteins by recovering low-quality or low-scoring spectra for confidently identified peptides. In this approach, stringent data filtering criteria were initially applied to achieve confident peptide identifications with low false discovery rate (e.g., < 1% at peptide level) after LC-MS/MS analysis and database search by SEQUEST. Then, all low-scoring MS/MS spectra that matched to this set of confidently identified peptides were recovered, leading to more than 20% increase of total identified spectra. The validity of these recovered spectra was assessed by the parent ion mass measurement error distribution, retention time distribution, and by comparing the individual low score and high score spectra that correspond to the same peptides. The results support that the recovered low-scoring spectra have similar confidence levels in peptide identifications as the spectra passing the initial stringent filter. The application of this strategy of recovering low-scoring spectra significantly improved the spectral count quantification statistics for low-abundance proteins, as illustrated in the identification of mouse brain region specific proteins. C1 [Zhou, Jian-Ying; Schepmoes, Athena A.; Zhang, Xu; Moore, Ronald J.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Lee, Jung Hwa; Camp, David C., II; Smith, Richard D.; Qian, Wei-Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Zhou, Jian-Ying; Schepmoes, Athena A.; Zhang, Xu; Moore, Ronald J.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Lee, Jung Hwa; Camp, David C., II; Smith, Richard D.; Qian, Wei-Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lee, Jung Hwa] Korea Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Lee, Jung Hwa] Korea Univ, Ctr Electro & Photo Respons Mol, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Qian, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,,MSIN K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Weijun.Qian@pnl.gov RI Zhou, Jian-Ying/B-1336-2011; Qian, Weijun/C-6167-2011; Zhou, Jian-Ying/D-1308-2012; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01 DK074795]; NIH National Center for Research Resources [0010522]; DOE [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX The authors thank Dr. Desmond Smith (University of California, Los Angeles) for providing the brain tissue sample. Portions of this research were supported by the NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK074795) and NIH National Center for Research Resources (0010522). Experimental work was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy (DUO Office of Biological and Environmental Research national scientific user facility on the Pacific No National Laboratory (PNNL) campus in Richland, Washington. PNNL is multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 11 BP 5698 EP 5704 DI 10.1021/pr100508p PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 675FA UT WOS:000283810500019 PM 20812748 ER PT J AU Webb-Robertson, BJM McCue, LA Waters, KM Matzke, MM Jacobs, JM Metz, TO Varnum, SM Pounds, JG AF Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M. McCue, Lee Ann Waters, Katrina M. Matzke, Melissa M. Jacobs, Jon M. Metz, Thomas O. Varnum, Susan M. Pounds, Joel G. TI Combined Statistical Analyses of Peptide Intensities and Peptide Occurrences Improves Identification of Significant Peptides from MS-Based Proteomics Data SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Missing data; peak intensity comparison; quantitative statistical analysis; qualitative statistical analysis; imputation ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based (LC-MS) proteomics uses peak intensities of proteolytic peptides to infer the differential abundance of peptides/proteins. However, substantial run-to-run variability in intensities and observations (presence/absence) of peptides makes data analysis quite challenging. The missing observations in LC-MS proteomics data are difficult to address with traditional imputation-based approaches because the mechanisms by which data are missing are unknown a priori. Data can be missing due to random mechanisms such as experimental error or nonrandom mechanisms such as a true biological effect. We present a statistical approach that uses a test of independence known as a G-test to test the null hypothesis of independence between the number of missing values across experimental groups. We pair the G-test results, evaluating independence of missing data (IMD) with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) that uses only means and variances computed from the observed data. Each peptide is therefore represented by two statistical confidence metrics, one for qualitative differential observation and one for quantitative differential intensity. We use three LC-MS data sets to demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of the IMD-ANOVA approach. C1 [Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; McCue, Lee Ann; Waters, Katrina M.; Matzke, Melissa M.; Jacobs, Jon M.; Metz, Thomas O.; Varnum, Susan M.; Pounds, Joel G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Webb-Robertson, BJM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM bj@pnl.gov OI Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566; McCue, Lee Ann/0000-0003-4456-517X; Metz, Tom/0000-0001-6049-3968 FU National Institutes of Health [1R011GM-084892]; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [U54 016015]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease through the Environmental Biomarkers Initiative [HHSN272200800060C]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under grant 1R011GM-084892 (BJWR) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under grant U54 016015 (JGP), from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease under contract number HHSN272200800060C (KMW), and through the Environmental Biomarkers Initiative under Laboratory Directed Research and Development. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The proteomics data presented were processed by the Instrument Development Laboratory at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL). EMSL. is a national scientific user facility supported by the DOE. We thank Thomas Taverner and Yuliya Karpievitch from the Biological Separations and Mass Spectrometry group at PNNL. for providing the model-based filtering routine and assistance with its application. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 11 BP 5748 EP 5756 DI 10.1021/pr1005247 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 675FA UT WOS:000283810500024 PM 20831241 ER PT J AU Devi, VM Benner, DC Rinsland, CP Smith, MAH Sams, RL Blake, TA Flaud, JM Sung, K Brown, LR Mantz, AW AF Devi, V. Malathy Benner, D. Chris Rinsland, C. P. Smith, M. A. H. Sams, R. L. Blake, T. A. Flaud, Jean-Marie Sung, Keeyoon Brown, L. R. Mantz, A. W. TI Multispectrum measurements of spectral line parameters including temperature dependences of N-2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients in the region of the v(9) band of (C2H6)-C-12 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Ethane; Positions; Intensities; Line shapes; Fourier transform spectra; Pressure-broadened widths; Self broadening; Nitrogen broadening; Temperature dependence ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; INTERNAL-ROTATION; ETHANE; ATMOSPHERE; SPLITTINGS; GAS AB Ethane is a prominent contributor to the spectrum of Titan, particularly in the V-9 region centered near 822 cm(-1) To improve the spectroscopic line parameters at 12 mu m, 41 high-resolution (0 0016-0 005 cm(-1)) absorption spectra of C2H6 were obtained at sample temperatures between 211 and 298 K with the Bruker IFS 120HR at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland. Washington Two additional spectra were later recorded at similar to 150 K using a new temperature-stabilized cryogenic cell designed for the sample compartment of the Brukei IFS 125HR at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting program was applied simultaneously to all 43 spectra to measure the line positions, intensities. N-2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients and their temperature dependences. Reliable pressure-induced shift coefficients could not be obtained, however, because of the high congestion of spectral lines (due to torsional-split components. hot-band transitions as well as blends). Existing theoretical modeling of this very complicated v(9) region permitted effective control of the multispectrum fitting technique. some constraints were applied using predicted intensity ratios, doublet separations, half-width coefficients and their temperature dependence exponents in order to determine reliable parameters for each of the two torsional-split components For (C2H6)-C-12, the resulting retrievals included 17 (P)Q and (r)Q sub-bands of v9 (as well as some P-p, R-r sub-bands). Positions and intensities were measured for 3771 transitions, and a puzzling difference between previously measured v9 intensities was clarified. In addition, line positions and intensities were obtained for two (C2H6)-C-12 hot bands (v(9) + v(4) - v(4,) v(9) + 2v(4)-2v(4)) and the v(9) band of (CCH6)-C-13-C-12, as well as several hundred presently unidentified transitions N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients were determined for over 1700 transitions, along with 1350 corresponding temperature dependence exponents Similar to N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients, their temperature dependence exponents were also found to follow distinctively different patterns However, while the self- and N-2-broaded widths differed by 40%. the temperature dependence exponents of the two broadening gases were similar The variations of the observed half-width coefficients and their temperature dependences with respect to J, K quantum numbers were modeled with a set of linear equations for each K. The present broadening coefficients compared well with some of the prior measurements. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved C1 [Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Rinsland, C. P.; Smith, M. A. H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Sci Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Sams, R. L.; Blake, T. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Flaud, Jean-Marie] Univ Paris Est, CNRS, UMR 7583, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, Jean-Marie] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, UMR 7583, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Sung, Keeyoon; Brown, L. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Mantz, A. W.] Connecticut Coll, Dept Phys Astron & Geophys, New London, CT 06320 USA. RP Devi, VM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Sung, Keeyoon/I-6533-2015 FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NASA Langley Research Center; College of William and Mary; NASA FX Most of the experimental spectra for the present study were recorded at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for the United States Department of Energy by the Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA's Planetary Atmospheres program supported the work performed at NASA Langley Research Center and the College of William and Mary. The research at the Connecticut College was performed under contracts and grants with NASA NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 111 IS 17-18 BP 2481 EP 2504 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.07.010 PG 24 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 670FA UT WOS:000283405400001 ER PT J AU Heifetz, A Chien, HT Liao, S Gopalsami, N Raptis, AC AF Heifetz, A. Chien, H. T. Liao, S. Gopalsami, N. Raptis, A. C. TI Millimeter-wave scattering from neutral and charged water droplets SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Millimeter waves; Surface charge; Rayleigh scattering; Charged water droplets ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; RADIATION AB We investigated 94 GHz millimeter-wave (MMW) scattering from neutral and charged water mist produced in the laboratory with an ultrasonic atomizer Diffusion charging of the mist was accomplished with a negative ion generator (NIG) We observed increased forward- and backscattering of MMW from charged mist, as compared to MMW scattering from an uncharged mist In order to interpret the experimental results, we developed a model based on classical electrodynamics theory of scattering from a dielectric sphere with diffusion-deposited mobile surface charge. In this approach, scattering and extinction cross-sections are calculated for a charged Rayleigh particle with effective dielectric constant consisting of the volume dielectric function of the neutral sphere and surface dielectric function due to the oscillation of the surface charge in the presence of applied electric field. For small droplets with radius smaller than 100 nm, this model predicts increased MMW scattering from charged mist, which is qualitatively consistent with the experimental observations. The objective of this work is to develop indirect remote sensing of radioactive gases via their charging action on atmospheric humid air. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved C1 [Heifetz, A.; Chien, H. T.; Liao, S.; Gopalsami, N.; Raptis, A. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heifetz, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Non-proliferation and Verification Research and Development. U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Argonne National Laboratory's Center for Nanoscale Materials [CNM 951] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Non-proliferation and Verification Research and Development. U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 Computational resources were provided in part by the Argonne National Laboratory's Center for Nanoscale Materials CNM 951 Grant. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 111 IS 17-18 BP 2550 EP 2557 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.08.001 PG 8 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 670FA UT WOS:000283405400007 ER PT J AU Kolb, GJ Diver, RB AF Kolb, Gregory J. Diver, Richard B. TI Conceptual Design of a 2x Trough for Use Within Salt and Oil-Based Parabolic Trough Power Plants SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE parabolic trough; large aperture; molten salt; optics; economics AB Recent studies in the United States suggest that parabolic trough levelized energy costs (LECs) can be reduced 10-15% through integration of a large salt energy storage system coupled with the direct heating of molten salt in the solar field. While noteworthy, this relatively small predicted improvement may not justify the increased technical risks. Examples of potential issues include increased design complexity, higher maintenance costs, and salt freezing in the solar field. To make a compelling argument for development of this new system, we believe that additional technical advances beyond that previously reported will be required to achieve significant LEC reduction, greater than 25%. The new technical advances described include the development of a high-concentration trough that has double aperture and optical concentration of current technology. This trough is predicted to be more cost-effective than current technology because its cost ($/m(2)) and thermal losses (W/m(2)) are significantly lower. Recent trough optical performance improvements, such as more accurate facets and better alignment techniques, suggest a 2x trough is possible. Combining this new trough with a new low-melting point salt now under development suggests that a LEC cost reduction of similar to 25% is possible for a 50 MW, 2x salt plant relative to a conventional (1x) 50 MW oil plant. However, the 2x trough will also benefit plants that use synthetic oil in the field. A LEC comparison of 2x plants at sizes >= 200 MW shows only a 6% advantage of salt over oil. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4002080] C1 [Kolb, Gregory J.; Diver, Richard B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kolb, GJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1127, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM gjkolb@sandia.gov; rbdiver@sandia.gov NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 2010 VL 132 IS 4 AR 041003 DI 10.1115/1.4002080 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 667JP UT WOS:000283189600003 ER PT J AU Forbes, TZ Nyman, M Rodriguez, MA Navrotsky, A AF Forbes, Tori Z. Nyman, May Rodriguez, Mark A. Navrotsky, Alexandra TI The energetics of lanthanum tantalate materials SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Rare earth; Lanthanum; Tantalate; Calorimetry ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE CALORIMETRY; LAYERED PEROVSKITE COMPOUND; RARE-EARTH NIOBATES; WATER; TA; ND; LA; SM; LN; CONDUCTIVITY AB Lanthanum tantalates are important refractory materials with application in photocatalysis, solid oxide fuel cells, and phosphors. Soft-chemical synthesis utilizing the Lindqvist ion, [Ta(6)O(19)](8-), has yielded a new phase, La(2)Ta(2)O(7)(OH)(2). Using the hydrated phase as a starting material, a new lanthanum orthotantalate polymorph was formed by heating to 850 degrees C, which converts to a previously reported LaTaO(4) polymorph at 1200 degrees C. The stabilities of La(2)Ta(2)O(7)(OH)(2) (LaTa-OH), the intermediate LaTaO(4) polymorph (LaTa-850), and the high temperature phase (LaTa-1200) were investigated using high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. The enthalpy of formation from the oxides were calculated from the enthalpies of drop solution to be -87.1 +/- 9.6, -94.9 +/- 8.8, and -93.1 +/- 8.7 kJ/mol for LaTa-OH, LaTa-850, and LaTa-1200, respectively. These results indicate that the intermediate phase, LaTa-850, is the most stable. This pattern of energetics may be related to cation-cation repulsion of the tantalate cations. We also investigated possible LnTaO(4) and Ln(2)Ta(2)O(7)(OH)(2) analogues of Ln=Pr, Nd to examine the relationship between cation size and the resulting phases. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Forbes, Tori Z.; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Forbes, Tori Z.; Navrotsky, Alexandra] Univ Calif Davis, NEAT ORU, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Nyman, May; Rodriguez, Mark A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Navrotsky, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Peter A Rock Thermochem Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM tmforbes@ucdavis.edu; mdnyman@sandia.gov; marodri@sandia.gov; anavrotsky@ucdavis.edu FU DOE [DE-FG02-03ER46053]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The work at U.C. Davis was supported by DOE Grant DE-FG02-03ER46053. We thank Dr. Sarah Roeske and Brian Joy (U.C. Davis) for their assistance on the electron microprobe. Work at Sandia National Laboratories was supported by Sandia's Solid-State-Lighting Science Energy Frontier Research Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences.; Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 183 IS 11 BP 2516 EP 2521 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2010.08.024 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 679RZ UT WOS:000284179800002 ER PT J AU Chernyak, VY Chertkov, M AF Chernyak, Vladimir Y. Chertkov, Michael TI Planar graphical models which are easy SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE rigorous results in statistical mechanics; analysis of algorithms; gauge theories ID ISING-MODEL; SPIN STRUCTURES; SURFACE GRAPHS; DIMER PROBLEM; STATISTICS; LATTICE; COMPLEXITY; ENTROPY; ICE AB We describe a rich family of binary variables statistical mechanics models on a given planar graph which are equivalent to Gaussian Grassmann graphical models (free fermions) defined on the same graph. Calculation of the partition function (weighted counting) for such a model is easy (of polynomial complexity) as it is reducible to evaluation of a Pfaffian of a matrix of size equal to twice the number of edges in the graph. In particular, this approach touches upon holographic algorithms of Valiant and utilizes the gauge transformations discussed in our previous works. C1 [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.; Chertkov, Michael] LANL, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chernyak, Vladimir Y.; Chertkov, Michael] LANL, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Chertkov, Michael] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Chernyak, VY (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM chernyak@chem.wayne.edu; chertkov@lanl.gov RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; Chernyak, Vladimir/F-5842-2016; OI Chernyak, Vladimir/0000-0003-4389-4238; Chertkov, Michael/0000-0002-6758-515X FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0808910, CCF-0829945]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; KITP at UCSB FX We are grateful to David Gamarnik for drawing our attention to the holographic algorithms of [1]-[3], to John R Klein, Jason Johnson and Vicenc Gomez for useful discussions and comments, and also to an anonymous referee whose comments forced us to reconsider (and hopefully improve) the presentation sequence. This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under CHE-0808910 (VC) and CCF-0829945 (MC via NMC). The work at LANL was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. MC also acknowledges partial support of KITP at UCSB, where some part of this work was done. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD NOV PY 2010 AR P11007 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2010/11/P11007 PG 39 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 709VD UT WOS:000286468600008 ER PT J AU Nukala, PKVV Barai, P Sampath, R AF Nukala, Phani K. V. V. Barai, Pallab Sampath, Rahul TI An algorithm for simulating fracture of cohesive-frictional materials SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT LA English DT Article DE fracture (theory); heterogeneous materials (theory) ID SPARSE CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION; RANDOM FUSE MODEL; SURFACES; ROUGHNESS; CRACKS; INTERFACE; WOOD AB Fracture of disordered frictional granular materials is dominated by interfacial failure response that is characterized by de-cohesion followed by frictional sliding response. To capture such an interfacial failure response, we introduce a cohesive-friction random fuse model (CFRFM), wherein the cohesive response of the interface is represented by a linear stress-strain response until a failure threshold, which is then followed by a constant response at a threshold lower than the initial failure threshold to represent the interfacial frictional sliding mechanism. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for simulating fracture of such disordered frictional granular materials using the CFRFM. We note that, when applied to perfectly plastic disordered materials, our algorithm is both theoretically and numerically equivalent to the traditional tangent algorithm (Roux and Hansen 1992 J. Physique II 2 1007) used for such simulations. However, the algorithm is general and is capable of modeling discontinuous interfacial response. Our numerical simulations using the algorithm indicate that the local and global roughness exponents (zeta(loc) and zeta, respectively) of the fracture surface are equal to each other, and the two-dimensional crack roughness exponent is estimated to be zeta(loc) = zeta = 0.69 +/- 0.03. C1 [Nukala, Phani K. V. V.; Barai, Pallab; Sampath, Rahul] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nukala, PKVV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nukalapk@ornl.gov; baraip@ornl.gov; sampathrs@ornl.gov RI Sampath, Rahul/G-3396-2011 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC FX This research is sponsored by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-5468 J9 J STAT MECH-THEORY E JI J. Stat. Mech.-Theory Exp. PD NOV PY 2010 AR P11004 DI 10.1088/1742-5468/2010/11/P11004 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA 709VD UT WOS:000286468600005 ER PT J AU Mikhailov, MM Burtseva, TA Lapin, AN Andriyanov, DI AF Mikhailov, M. M. Burtseva, T. A. Lapin, A. N. Andriyanov, D. I. TI Influence of synthesis temperature on the granulometric composition of a Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3 pigment and the optical properties and radiation resistance of pigment-based coatings SO JOURNAL OF SURFACE INVESTIGATION-X-RAY SYNCHROTRON AND NEUTRON TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB The influence of synthesis temperature on the granulometric composition of a Ba0.65Sr0.35Ti O-3 pigment and the optical properties and radiation resistance of pigment-based coatings has been analyzed. It has been found that a rise in synthesis temperature decreases the sizes of pigment particles, deteriorates the reflectance of the coatings, and enhances their radiation resistance. C1 [Mikhailov, M. M.; Lapin, A. N.; Andriyanov, D. I.] Tomsk State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk, Russia. [Burtseva, T. A.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mikhailov, MM (reprint author), Tomsk State Univ Control Syst & Radioelect, Tomsk, Russia. RI Mikhailov, Mikhail/H-3313-2016 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1027-4510 J9 J SURF INVEST-X-RAY+ JI J. Surf. Ingestig.-X-Ray Synchro. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 1002 EP 1007 DI 10.1134/S1027451010060212 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 695FN UT WOS:000285356100021 ER PT J AU Bohon, J Muller, E Smedley, J AF Bohon, Jen Muller, Erik Smedley, John TI Development of diamond-based X-ray detection for high-flux beamline diagnostics SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE diamond; detector; monitor; position-sensitive; quadrant; white beam; photoconduction; BPM ID CVD-DIAMOND; RADIATION; POSITION; MONITOR; PROFILE AB High-quality single-crystal and polycrystalline chemical-vapor-deposition diamond detectors with platinum contacts have been tested at the white-beam X28C beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source under high-flux conditions. The voltage dependence of these devices has been measured under both DC and pulsed-bias conditions, establishing the presence or absence of photoconductive gain in each device. Linear response consistent with the theoretically determined ionization energy has been achieved over eleven orders of magnitude when combined with previous low-flux studies. Temporal measurements with single-crystal diamond detectors have resolved the nanosecond-scale pulse structures of both the NSLS and the APS. Prototype single-crystal quadrant detectors have provided the ability to simultaneously resolve the X-ray beam position and obtain a quantitative measurement of the flux. C1 [Bohon, Jen] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Muller, Erik] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Smedley, John] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bohon, J (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jbohon@bnl.gov RI Muller, Erik/A-9790-2008 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-08ER41547, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P30-EB-09998]; DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors wish to thank John Walsh for design and fabrication of sample mounts, Xiangyun Chang for assistance with metallization and Bin Dong for technical assistance. The team is further indebted to Veljko Radeka, Pavel Rehak and Jeffrey W. Keister for discussion and guidance over the course of this work, to Klaus Attenkofer and the team at APS 11-ID-D for their assistance with the timing experiments, and to Mark Chance for providing access to the resources at the Case Center for Synchrotron Biosciences. The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) under grant DE-FG02-08ER41547 and the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering under P30-EB-09998. This manuscript has been authored by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the US DOE. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source beamlines X28C, U3C and X6B was also supported by the DOE under the aforementioned contract. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 BP 711 EP 718 DI 10.1107/S0909049510031420 PN 6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 672PS UT WOS:000283599600001 PM 20975215 ER PT J AU Classen, S Rodic, I Holton, J Hura, GL Hammel, M Tainer, JA AF Classen, Scott Rodic, Ivan Holton, James Hura, Greg L. Hammel, Michal Tainer, John A. TI Software for the high-throughput collection of SAXS data using an enhanced Blu-Ice/DCS control system SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE SAXS; software; beamline; control system; Blu-Ice; DCS; SIBYLS; GUI ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL-ANALYSES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; REPAIR; MECHANISM; PROTEINS AB Biological small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides powerful complementary data for macromolecular crystallography (MX) by defining shape, conformation and assembly in solution. Although SAXS is in principle the highest throughput technique for structural biology, data collection is limited in practice by current data collection software. Here the adaption of beamline control software, historically developed for MX beamlines, for the efficient operation and high-throughput data collection at synchrotron SAXS beamlines is reported. The Blu-Ice GUI and Distributed Control System (DCS) developed in the Macromolecular Crystallography Group at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory has been optimized, extended and enhanced to suit the specific needs of the biological SAXS endstation at the SIBYLS beamline at the Advanced Light Source. The customizations reported here provide a potential route for other SAXS beamlines in need of robust and efficient beamline control software. As a great deal of effort and optimization has gone into crystallographic software, the adaption and extension of crystallographic software may prove to be a general strategy to provide advanced SAXS software for the synchrotron community. In this way effort can be put into optimizing features for SAXS rather than reproducing those that have already been successfully implemented for the crystallographic community. C1 [Classen, Scott; Holton, James; Hura, Greg L.; Hammel, Michal; Tainer, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rodic, Ivan; Tainer, John A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holton, James] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. RP Classen, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sclassen@lbl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Cancer Institute [CA92584]; US Department of Energy FX We thank the Experimental Support Group at the Advanced Light Source for design and construction of the SIBYLS beamline and Ed Domning for providing the underlying LabVIEW code for controlling many of the beamline motors. We also thank Scott McPhillips, Penjit Moorhead and Jinhu Song from the SMB group at SSRL for sharing the MX Blu-Ice/DCS code and providing feedback on development efforts, and Rob Rambo for helping with figures. X-ray scattering and diffraction technologies and their applications to the determination of macromolecular shapes and conformations at the SIBYLS beamline at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, are supported in part by the DOE program Integrated Diffraction Analysis Technologies (IDAT) and the DOE program Molecular Assemblies Genes and Genomics Integrated Efficiently (MAGGIE) under Contract Number DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the US Department of Energy. Efforts to apply SAXS and crystallography to characterize eukaryotic pathways relevant to human cancers are supported in part by National Cancer Institute grant CA92584. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 BP 774 EP 781 DI 10.1107/S0909049510028566 PN 6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 672PS UT WOS:000283599600009 PM 20975223 ER PT J AU Soelberg, N Enneking, J AF Soelberg, Nick Enneking, Joe TI Carbon Bed Mercury Emissions Control for Mixed Waste Treatment SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Mercury has various uses in nuclear fuel reprocessing and other nuclear processes, and so it is often present in radioactive and mixed (radioactive and hazardous) wastes. Compliance with air emission regulations such as the Hazardous Waste Combustor (HWC) Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards can require off-gas mercury removal efficiencies up to 99.999% for thermally treating some mixed waste streams. Test programs have demonstrated this level of off-gas mercury control using fixed beds of granular sulfur-impregnated activated carbon. Other results of these tests include (1) the depth of the mercury control mass transfer zone was less than 15-30 cm for the operating conditions of these tests; (2) MERSORB (R) carbon can sorb mercury up to 19 wt % of the carbon mass; and (3) the spent carbon retained almost all (98.3-99.99%) of the mercury during Toxicity Characteristic Leachability Procedure (TCLP) tests, but when even a small fraction of the total rnercury dissolves, the spent carbon can fail the TCLP test when the spent carbon contains high mercury concentrations. C1 [Soelberg, Nick] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Enneking, Joe] NUCON Int Inc, Columbus, OH USA. RP Soelberg, N (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM nick.soelberg@inl.gov FU DOE under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by DOE under DOE Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1341 EP 1352 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.60.11.1341 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 677EL UT WOS:000283971800007 PM 21141428 ER PT J AU Thazhe, L Shereef, A Shukla, S Reshmi, CP Varma, MR Suresh, KG Patil, K Warrier, KG AF Thazhe, Lajina Shereef, Anas Shukla, Satyajit Reshmi, Chalappurath Pattelath Varma, Manoj Raama Suresh, Krishna Gopinatha Patil, Kashinath Warrier, Krishna Gopakumar TI Magnetic Dye-Adsorbent Catalyst: Processing, Characterization, and Application SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; TIO2 PHOTOCATALYST; ANATASE-TITANIA; NANOTUBES; NANOPARTICLES; ADSORPTION; SILICA AB A magnetic dye-adsorbent catalyst has been processed by subjecting the conventional magnetic photocatalyst to a hydrothermal process followed by typical washing and thermal treatments. It has been characterized using the transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope for analyzing its morphology, structure, and surface chemistry. It consists of a composite particle having a "core-shell"structure, with a magnetic particle as a core and nanotubes of dye adsorbent as a shell. The dye-adsorption behavior of magnetic dye-adsorbent catalyst and the conventional magnetic photocatalyst has been measured, under the dark condition, using methylene blue (MB) as a model catalytic dye agent. It has been demonstrated that, due to its higher specific surface area, the magnetic dye-adsorbent catalyst removes an organic textile dye from an aqueous solution via surface adsorption mechanism, which is in contrast to the photocatalytic degradation mechanism, under the ultraviolet radiation exposure, associated with the conventional magnetic photocatalyst. It has been shown that, the magnetic dye-adsorbent catalyst removes >99% of MB dye from an aqueous solution in just 30 min via surface adsorption mechanism. The magnetic dye-adsorbent catalyst also possesses magnetic properties, which makes its removal from an aqueous solution possible using an external magnetic field after the dye-adsorption process. C1 [Thazhe, Lajina; Shereef, Anas; Shukla, Satyajit; Reshmi, Chalappurath Pattelath; Varma, Manoj Raama; Warrier, Krishna Gopakumar] CSIR, NIIST, MMD, Ceram Technol Dept, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India. [Suresh, Krishna Gopinatha] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India. [Patil, Kashinath] Natl Chem Lab NCL CSIR, Ctr Mat Characterizat, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. RP Shukla, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Ceram Sect, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sshukla@anl.gov RI TVM, NIIST/E-5132-2012; Varma, Manoj/N-4918-2015; OI TVM, NIIST/0000-0002-5814-466X; Shukla, Satyajit/0000-0002-7947-8095 FU CSIR, India [NWP0010, P81113] FX The authors thank CSIR, India for funding the ceramics, photocatalysis, and nano-technology research at NIIST-CSIR, India through the Projects # NWP0010 and # P81113. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 93 IS 11 BP 3642 EP 3650 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03949.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 677JL UT WOS:000283987400029 ER PT J AU Poyneer, LA Veran, JP AF Poyneer, Lisa A. Veran, Jean-Pierre TI Kalman filtering to suppress spurious signals in adaptive optics control SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID QUADRATIC-GAUSSIAN CONTROL; WAVE-FRONT CONTROL; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; CONTROL LAW; SYSTEMS; RECONSTRUCTION; VALIDATION; TURBULENCE; MODEL AB In many scenarios, an adaptive optics (AO) control system operates in the presence of temporally non-white noise. We use a Kalman filter with a state space formulation that allows suppression of this colored noise, hence improving residual error over the case where the noise is assumed to be white. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this new filter in the case of the estimated Gemini Planet Imager tip-tilt environment, where there are both common-path and non-common-path vibrations. We discuss how this same framework can also be used to suppress spatial aliasing during predictive wavefront control assuming frozen flow in a low-order AO system without a spatially filtered wavefront sensor, and present experimental measurements from Altair that clearly reveal these aliased components. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Poyneer, Lisa A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Veran, Jean-Pierre] Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada. RP Poyneer, LA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM poyneer1@llnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center for Adaptive Optics; University of California at Santa Cruz [AST-9876783] FX We thank the reviewers for their detailed and perceptive commentary, in particular regarding our stability analysis. Thanks to Bruce Macintosh for guidance on system-level specifications and tolerances for GPI. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The document number is LLNL-JRNL-426892. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Science and Technology Center for Adaptive Optics managed by the University of California at Santa Cruz under cooperative agreement No. AST-9876783. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 27 IS 11 BP A223 EP A234 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 674GC UT WOS:000283723400022 PM 21045883 ER PT J AU Katayama, N Ji, SD Louca, D Lee, S Fujita, M Sato, TJ Wen, JS Xu, ZJ Gu, GD Xu, GY Lin, ZW Enoki, M Chang, S Yamada, K Tranquada, JM AF Katayama, Naoyuki Ji, Sungdae Louca, Despina Lee, Seunghun Fujita, Masaki Sato, Taku J. Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Zhijun Gu, Genda Xu, Guangyong Lin, Ziwei Enoki, Masanori Chang, Sung Yamada, Kazuyoshi Tranquada, John M. TI Investigation of the Spin-Glass Regime between the Antiferromagnetic and Superconducting Phases in Fe1+ySexTe1-x SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE Fe based superconductivity; neutron scattering; spin glass; phase diagram; Fe(Se,Te) ID SMFEASO1-XFX; MAGNETISM; ORDER; STATE AB Using bulk magnetization along with elastic and inelastic neutron scattering techniques, we have investigated the phase diagram of Fe1+ySexTe1-x and the nature of magnetic correlations in three nonsuperconducting samples of Fe1.01Se0.1Te0.9, Fe1.01Se0.15Te0.85, and Fe1.02Se0.3Te0.7. A cusp and hysteresis in the temperature dependence of the magnetization for the x = 0.15 and 0.3 samples indicates spin-glass (SG) ordering below T-sg = 23 K. Neutron scattering measurements indicate that the spin-glass behavior is associated with short-range spin density wave (SDW) ordering characterized by a static component and a low-energy dynamic component with a characteristic incommensurate wave vector of Q(m) = (0.46, 0, 0.50) and an anisotropy gap of similar to 2.5 meV. Our high Q-resolution data also show that the systems undergo a glassy structural distortion that coincides with the short-range SDW order. C1 [Katayama, Naoyuki; Ji, Sungdae; Louca, Despina; Lee, Seunghun] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Fujita, Masaki; Enoki, Masanori; Yamada, Kazuyoshi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Sato, Taku J.; Tranquada, John M.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Zhijun; Gu, Genda; Xu, Guangyong; Lin, Ziwei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chang, Sung] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Katayama, N (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Yamada, Kazuyoshi/C-2728-2009; Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; Fujita, Masaki/D-8430-2013; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; Ji, Sungdae/G-3808-2010 OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Ji, Sungdae/0000-0001-6736-3103 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-07ER45384, DE-FG02-01ER45927, DE-AC02-98CH110886]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX Work at the University of Virginia (Brookhaven) is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Contract Nos. DE-FG02-07ER45384 and DE-FG02-01ER45927 (DE-AC02-98CH110886). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 28 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 79 IS 11 AR 113702 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.79.113702 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671OE UT WOS:000283514600004 ER PT J AU Thiel, PA Shen, MM Liu, DJ Evans, JW AF Thiel, Patricia A. Shen, Mingmin Liu, Da-Jiang Evans, James W. TI Adsorbate-enhanced transport of metals on metal surfaces: Oxygen and sulfur on coinage metals SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SELF-DIFFUSION; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; 2-DIMENSIONAL ISLANDS; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; CO(110) FILMS; DECAY; AU(111); AG(111); AG AB Coarsening (i.e., ripening) of single-atom-high, metal homoepitaxial islands provides a useful window on the mechanism and kinetics of mass transport at metal surfaces. This article focuses on this type of coarsening on the surfaces of coinage metals (Cu, Ag, Au), both clean and with an adsorbed chalcogen (O, S) present. For the clean surfaces, three aspects are summarized: (1) the balance between the two major mechanisms-Ostwald ripening (the most commonly anticipated mechanism) and Smoluchowski ripening-and how that balance depends on island size; (2) the nature of the mass transport agents, which are metal adatoms in almost all known cases; and (3) the dependence of the ripening kinetics on surface crystallography. Ripening rates are in the order (110) > (111) > (100), a feature that can be rationalized in terms of the energetics of key processes. This discussion of behavior on the clean surfaces establishes a background for understanding why coarsening can be accelerated by adsorbates. Evidence that O and S accelerate mass transport on Ag, Cu, and Au surfaces is then reviewed. The most detailed information is available for two specific systems, S/Ag (111) and S/Cu (111). Here, metal-chalcogen clusters are clearly responsible for accelerated coarsening. This conclusion rests partly on deductive reasoning, partly on calculations of key energetic quantities for the clusters (compared with quantities for the clean surfaces), and partly on direct experimental observations. In these two systems, it appears that the adsorbate, S, must first decorate-and, in fact, saturate-the edges of metal islands and steps, and then build up at least slightly in coverage on the terraces before acceleration begins. Acceleration can occur at coverages as low as a few thousandths to a few hundredths of a monolayer. Despite the significant recent advances in our understanding of these systems, many open questions remain. Among them is the identification of the agents of mass transport on crystallographically different surfaces e.g., 111, 110, and 100. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3490017] C1 [Thiel, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, Patricia A.; Liu, Da-Jiang; Evans, James W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, USDOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Evans, James W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Dept Math, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Thiel, PA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM thiel@ameslab.gov RI Shen, Mingmin/A-9293-2012 FU NSF [CHE-0809472]; Division of Chemical Sciences, BES, U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE); USDOE [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX The authors thank Professor Karina Morgenstern for making data available to us on Ag island decay on Ag (110), used in Fig. 4 (a). They also thank her for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the NSF Grant No. CHE-0809472. D.J.L. was supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, BES, U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE). The work was performed at Ames Laboratory which is operated for the USDOE by Iowa State University under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 81 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 27 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1298 DI 10.1116/1.3490017 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 674LL UT WOS:000283745300004 ER PT J AU Choi, SG Zuniga-Perez, J Munoz-Sanjose, V Norman, AG Perkins, CL Levi, DH AF Choi, S. G. Zuniga-Perez, J. Munoz-Sanjose, V. Norman, A. G. Perkins, C. L. Levi, D. H. TI Complex dielectric function and refractive index spectra of epitaxial CdO thin film grown on r-plane sapphire from 0.74 to 6.45 eV SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AL2O3 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CONSTANTS; BATIO3; ZNO AB The authors report ellipsometrically determined optical properties of epitaxial cadmium oxide thin film grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on r-plane sapphire substrate. The ellipsometric data were collected from 0.74 to 6.45 eV with the sample at room temperature. Artifacts from the surface overlayers were reduced as far as possible by the premeasurement surface treatment procedures. Complex dielectric function epsilon = epsilon(1)+i epsilon(2) and refractive index N=n+ik spectra were extracted from multilayer modeling of the data with the B-spline functions. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3498755] C1 [Choi, S. G.; Norman, A. G.; Perkins, C. L.; Levi, D. H.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zuniga-Perez, J.; Munoz-Sanjose, V.] Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada & Electromagnetismo, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain. RP Choi, SG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM sukgeun.choi@nrel.gov RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; Choi, Sukgeun/J-2345-2014; Munoz-Sanjose, Vicente/L-6206-2014 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; Munoz-Sanjose, Vicente/0000-0002-3482-6957 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [MAT2007-66129] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. The work done at the Universitat de Valencia was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant No. MAT2007-66129. The authors gratefully acknowledge R. France of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for x-ray diffraction analysis. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1120 EP 1124 DI 10.1116/1.3498755 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690OX UT WOS:000285015200135 ER PT J AU Naulleau, PP Gallatin, GM AF Naulleau, Patrick P. Gallatin, Gregg M. TI Effect of resist on the transfer of line-edge roughness spatial metrics from mask to wafer SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; EFFICIENCY; RESOLUTION; ALIGNMENT; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; MODEL AB Mask contributors to line-edge roughness (LER) have recently been shown to be an issue of concern for extreme ultraviolet lithography both in terms of the accuracy of current resist evaluation tests and in terms of the ultimate LER requirements for the 22 nm production node and beyond. More recently, it has been shown that the power spectral density of the mask-induced roughness is markedly different from that of intrinsic resist roughness and thus potentially serves as a mechanism for distinguishing mask effects from resist effects in experimental results. However, the evaluation of stochastic effects in the resist itself demonstrates that such a test would only be viable in cases where the resist effects are negligible in terms of their contribution to the total LER compared with the mask effects. Moreover, the results presented here lead the authors to the surprising conclusion that it is indeed possible for mask contributors to be the dominant source of LER while the spatial characteristics of the LER remain indistinguishable from the fractal characteristics of resist-induced LER. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3509437] C1 [Naulleau, Patrick P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gallatin, Gregg M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Naulleau, PP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pnaulleau@lbl.gov RI Gallatin, Gregg/H-1998-2012 FU SEMATECH; Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded in part by SEMATECH; the authors are grateful to Warren Montgomery for program support. This work was partially carried out at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1266 DI 10.1116/1.3509437 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690OX UT WOS:000285015200159 ER PT J AU Bae, M Gemeinhart, RA Divan, R Suthar, KJ Mancini, DC AF Bae, Misuk Gemeinhart, Richard A. Divan, Ralu Suthar, Kamlesh J. Mancini, Derrick C. TI Fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel structures for pharmaceutical applications using electron beam and optical lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID DRUG-DELIVERY; SHAPE; SIZE; POLYMERIZATION; MONODISPERSE; PARTICLES; NANOPARTICLES; SURFACES; CELL AB Soft-polymer based microparticles are currently being applied in many biomedical applications, ranging from bioimaging and bioassays to drug delivery carriers. As one class of soft polymers, hydrogels are materials that can be used for delivering drug cargoes and can be fabricated in controlled sizes. Among the various hydrogel-forming polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogel systems are widely used due to their negligible toxicity and limited immunogenic recognition. Physical and chemical properties of particles (i.e., particle size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophobicity) are known to play an important role in cell-particle recognition and response. To understand the role of physicochemical properties of PEG-based hydrogel structures on cells, it is important to have geometrically precise and uniform hydrogel structures. To fabricate geometrically uniform structures, the authors have employed electron beam lithography and ultraviolet optical lithography using PEG or PEG diacrylate polymers. These hydrogel structures have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confirming control of chemistry, size, and shape. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3517716] C1 [Bae, Misuk; Gemeinhart, Richard A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, Dept Bioengn, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Gemeinhart, Richard A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. [Divan, Ralu; Suthar, Kamlesh J.; Mancini, Derrick C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bae, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, Dept Bioengn, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM rag@uic.edu RI Gemeinhart, Richard/B-8017-2008 OI Gemeinhart, Richard/0000-0002-1580-7304 FU NCRR NIH HHS [C06 RR015482, C06 RR015482-01]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS055095, R01 NS055095-01A2, R01 NS055095-02, R01 NS055095-03, R01 NS055095-04] NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP C6P24 EP C6P29 DI 10.1116/1.3517716 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690OX UT WOS:000285015200108 PM 21423572 ER PT J AU Weiss, DN Yuan, HC Lee, BG Branz, HM Meyers, ST Grenville, A Keszler, DA AF Weiss, Dirk N. Yuan, Hao-Chih Lee, Benjamin G. Branz, Howard M. Meyers, Stephen T. Grenville, Andrew Keszler, Douglas A. TI Nanoimprinting for diffractive light trapping in solar cells SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALLINE SILICON; ENHANCEMENT; ABSORPTION; GRATINGS AB The authors investigate the light-trapping efficiency of nanoimprinted ceramic grating reflectors for crystal silicon photovoltaic cells. Using 25 mu m silicon wafers as a model system and hemispherical reflection measurements, they demonstrate a 4%-6% increase in AM 1.5 solar-photon absorption for one-dimensional square and sinusoidal gratings compared to flat reflectors. The extrapolated increase in a short-circuit current for a 2 mu m thick silicon film cell due to diffractive light trapping is 20%. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI:10.1116/1.3498754] C1 [Weiss, Dirk N.] Univ Washington, Washington Technol Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Yuan, Hao-Chih; Lee, Benjamin G.; Branz, Howard M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Meyers, Stephen T.; Grenville, Andrew] Inpria Corp, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Keszler, Douglas A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Weiss, DN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Washington Technol Ctr, 300 Fluke Hall,POB 352140, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dnweiss@uw.edu OI Keszler, Douglas/0000-0002-7112-1171 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 6 BP C6M98 EP C6M103 DI 10.1116/1.3498754 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 690OX UT WOS:000285015200086 ER PT J AU Brown, JN Palermo, RE Baskin, CR Gritsenko, M Sabourin, PJ Long, JP Sabourin, CL Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H Garcia-Sastre, A Albrecht, R Tumpey, TM Jacobs, JM Smith, RD Katze, MG AF Brown, Joseph N. Palermo, Robert E. Baskin, Carole R. Gritsenko, Marina Sabourin, Patrick J. Long, James P. Sabourin, Carol L. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo Albrecht, Randy Tumpey, Terrence M. Jacobs, Jon M. Smith, Richard D. Katze, Michael G. TI Macaque Proteome Response to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and 1918 Reassortant Influenza Virus Infections SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TRANSMISSION EFFICIENCY; FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS; INNATE IMMUNITY; NS1 PROTEIN; REPLICATION; LUNG; IMPLEMENTATION; POLYMERASE AB The host proteome response and molecular mechanisms that drive disease in vivo during infection by a human isolate of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) and 1918 pandemic influenza virus remain poorly understood. This study presents a comprehensive characterization of the proteome response in cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) lung tissue over 7 days of infection with HPAI (the most virulent), a reassortant virus containing 1918 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface proteins (intermediate virulence), or a human seasonal strain (least virulent). A high-sensitivity two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy strategy and functional network analysis were implemented to gain insight into response pathways activated in macaques during influenza virus infection. A macaque protein database was assembled and used in the identification of 35,239 unique peptide sequences corresponding to approximately 4,259 proteins. Quantitative analysis identified an increase in expression of 400 proteins during viral infection. The abundance levels of a subset of these 400 proteins produced strong correlations with disease progression observed in the macaques, distinguishing a "core" response to viral infection from a "high" response specific to severe disease. Proteome expression profiles revealed distinct temporal response kinetics between viral strains, with HPAI inducing the most rapid response. While proteins involved in the immune response, metabolism, and transport were increased rapidly in the lung by HPAI, the other viruses produced a delayed response, characterized by an increase in proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, RNA processing, and translation. Proteomic results were integrated with previous genomic and pathological analysis to characterize the dynamic nature of the influenza virus infection process. C1 [Palermo, Robert E.; Baskin, Carole R.; Katze, Michael G.] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Brown, Joseph N.; Gritsenko, Marina; Jacobs, Jon M.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Brown, Joseph N.; Gritsenko, Marina; Jacobs, Jon M.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sabourin, Patrick J.; Long, James P.; Sabourin, Carol L.] Battelle Biomed Res Ctr, W Jefferson, OH 43201 USA. [Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle] Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Albrecht, Randy] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Albrecht, Randy] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Albrecht, Randy] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Emerging Pathogens Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. [Tumpey, Terrence M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katze, MG (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Washington Natl Primate Res Ctr, Box 358070, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM honey@u.washington.edu RI Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle/A-3686-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827; Albrecht, Randy/0000-0003-4008-503X FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC06-76RL0]; Battelle Internal Research and Development funds; National Institutes of Health [R01AI46954, P01AI58113, U54AI057158, U19AI083025, R24 RR16354-04, P51 RR00166-45, R01 AI022646-20A1, K08 AI059106-02, R03 AI075019-01, RR018522] FX Portions of this research were performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract nos. DEAC06-76RL0. Portions of this work were supported by Battelle Internal Research and Development funds and by National Institutes of Health grants R01AI46954, P01AI58113, U54AI057158, and U19AI083025 (to A.G.-S.); R24 RR16354-04, P51 RR00166-45, and R01 AI022646-20A1 (to M. G. K.); K08 AI059106-02 (to Cambridge Research Biochemicals); R03 AI075019-01 (to H.B.-O.); and RR018522 (to R.D.S.). NR 55 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 84 IS 22 BP 12058 EP 12068 DI 10.1128/JVI.01129-10 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 670KM UT WOS:000283420500045 PM 20844032 ER PT J AU Hart, WE Murray, R AF Hart, William E. Murray, Regan TI Review of Sensor Placement Strategies for Contamination Warning Systems in Drinking Water Distribution Systems SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Optimization; Drinking water; Security; Sensors ID DETECTING ACCIDENTAL CONTAMINATIONS; MONITORING STATIONS; DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS; IMPERFECT SENSORS; OPTIMIZATION; QUALITY; DESIGN; MODELS; ALGORITHMS; SECURITY AB Contamination warning systems (CWSs) are a promising approach for the mitigation of contamination risks in drinking water distribution systems. A critical aspect of the design of a CWS is the strategic placement of online sensors that rapidly detect contaminants. This paper reviews the array of optimization-based sensor placement strategies that have been recently proposed. These strategies are critiqued and several key issues are identified that need to be addressed in future work. C1 [Hart, William E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Murray, Regan] US EPA, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Hart, WE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wehart@sandia.gov; Murray.Regan@epa.gov FU U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development [DW8992192801]; DOE, Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The U.S. EPA through its Office of Research and Development funded and collaborated in the research described here under Interagency Agreement No. DW8992192801 with the DOE, Sandia National Laboratories. This paper has been subjected to the Agency's review and has been approved for publication. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the Agency, the U.S. Government, or the Sandia Corporation. NR 87 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 33 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 136 IS 6 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000081 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 670HK UT WOS:000283411600002 ER PT J AU Jepsen, R Roberts, J Gailani, J AF Jepsen, Richard Roberts, Jesse Gailani, Joseph TI Effects of Bed Load and Suspended Load on Separation of Sands and Fines in Mixed Sediment SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Bed load; Sediment; Sand; Silt; Separation; Transport; Suspension ID BULK-DENSITY; EROSION; TRANSPORT; THRESHOLD; FLUME; SEA AB An adjustable shear stress straight flume commonly used to measure cohesive sediment erosion rates has been modified to include downstream bed load traps. The new flume can be used not only to measure erosion rates, but also to analyze and quantify the modes of transport for this complex problem. The new device was used to study transport modes of quartz particles ranging in size from 19 to 1,250 mu m. As expected, the traps captured the coarse material (bed load) and the fine material bypassed the traps (suspended load). Transport properties of natural sediments from three locations were also studied. Fine sediments with little or no sand eroded as aggregates which maintained their integrity in the flume channel while moving as bed load into the traps. Natural sediments that included high percentage of sand also eroded as aggregates. However, these aggregates quickly disaggregated. Sand moved as bed load and fell into the traps while fine particles moved predominately in suspension. C1 [Jepsen, Richard] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Roberts, Jesse] Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. [Gailani, Joseph] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Jepsen, R (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rajepse@sandia.gov; jdrober@sandia.gov; Joe.Z.Gailani@usace.army.mil FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Research and Development Center; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company FX This research was supported by the Dredging Operations and Environmental Research Program of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Research and Development Center. Permission to publish was granted by the office, Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X J9 J WATERW PORT C-ASCE JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng.-ASCE PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 136 IS 6 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000054 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 670HL UT WOS:000283411700003 ER PT J AU Chipperfield, LE Robinson, JS Knight, PL Marangos, JP Tisch, JWG AF Chipperfield, Luke E. Robinson, Joseph S. Knight, Peter L. Marangos, Jonathan P. Tisch, John W. G. TI The generation and utilization of half-cycle cut-offs in high harmonic spectra SO LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE High-order harmonic generation; carrier-envelope phase; phase matching; few-cycle pulses; attosecond; HHG; CEP ID CARRIER-ENVELOPE PHASE; ABOVE-THRESHOLD IONIZATION; LASER-PULSES; NONLINEAR OPTICS; ATTOSECOND CONTROL; ULTRASHORT-PULSE; ABSOLUTE-PHASE; INTENSE-LASER; FIELD; FREQUENCY AB High-order harmonic spectra are composed of a coherent sum of half-cycle emissions, the cut-off energy of which depend sensitively on different sub-cycle portions of the driving laser field. By selecting the correct focal geometry the half-cycle cut-off emissions can be preferentially selected over the lower energy plateau emissions through phase matching, such that they form macroscopic half-cycle cut-off features in the far-field spectrum. The energy of these macroscopic half-cycle cut-offs can then be used to retrieve the waveform of the driving laser field. The processes through which these macroscopic half-cycle cut-offs are formed and their applications, both for measuring the laser waveform and the generation of wavelength tunable isolated attosecond pulses, are reviewed in detail. A wavelet transform of the simulated on-axis harmonic field generated by an atomic gas jet driven by an intense few-cycle laser pulse. The focal geometry has been selected to only phase match the half-cycle cut-offs. The energies of these half-cycle cut-offs form a "fingerprint" of the laser field, which can be used to determine important properties of the field waveform. (C) 2010 by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Chipperfield, Luke E.; Knight, Peter L.; Marangos, Jonathan P.; Tisch, John W. G.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. [Robinson, Joseph S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chipperfield, LE (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2BW, England. EM luke.chipperfield@imperial.ac.uk RI Chipperfield, Luke/B-6896-2012 OI Chipperfield, Luke/0000-0001-8501-8776 FU EPSRC [EP/E028063, EP/F034601] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the EPSRC (grants EP/E028063 and EP/F034601). The simulations within this work were conducted on the Imperial College High Performance Computing Service facilities. NR 76 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-8880 J9 LASER PHOTONICS REV JI Laser Photon. Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 6 BP 697 EP 719 DI 10.1002/lpor.200900028 PG 23 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Physics GA 677UR UT WOS:000284017900002 ER PT J AU Majors, RE Wang, XL Carr, PW Stoll, DR AF Majors, Ronald E. Wang, Xiaoli Carr, Peter W. Stoll, Dwight R. TI A Simple Approach to Performance Optimization in HPLC and Its Application in Ultrafast Separation Development SO LC GC NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; PARTICLES; COLUMNS; SPEED; EFFICIENCY; SIZE C1 [Majors, Ronald E.] Agilent Technol, Columns & Supplies Div, Wilmington, DE USA. [Carr, Peter W.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Carr, Peter W.] Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Carr, Peter W.] Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Carr, Peter W.; Stoll, Dwight R.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Majors, Ronald E.] Column Watch, Iselin, NJ 08830 USA. RP Majors, RE (reprint author), Column Watch, LCGC Woodbridge Corp Plaza,485 Route 1 S,Bldg F 1, Iselin, NJ 08830 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS INC PI DULUTH PA 131 W 1ST STREET, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 1527-5949 J9 LC GC N AM JI LC GC N. AM. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 28 IS 11 BP 932 EP 942 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 696PE UT WOS:000285452500001 ER PT J AU Kholkin, AL Kiselev, DA Bdikin, IK Sternberg, A Dkhil, B Jesse, S Ovchinnikov, O Kalinin, SV AF Kholkin, Andrei L. Kiselev, Dmitry A. Bdikin, Igor K. Sternberg, Andris Dkhil, Brahim Jesse, Stephen Ovchinnikov, Oleg Kalinin, Sergei V. TI Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE PLZT; relaxors; Piezoresponse Force Microscopy; domains; grains ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; PLZT CERAMICS; GRAIN-SIZE; THIN-FILMS AB Relaxors constitute a large class of ferroelectrics where disorder is introduced by doping with ions of different size and valence, in order to maximize their useful properties in a broad temperature range. Polarization disorder in relaxors is typically studied by dielectric and scattering techniques that do not allow direct mapping of relaxor parameters, such as correlation length or width of the relaxation time spectrum. In this paper, we introduce a novel method based on measurements of local vibrations by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) that detects nanoscale polarization on the relaxor surface. Random polarization patterns are then analyzed via local Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the FFT PFM parameters, such as amplitude, correlation radius and width of the spectrum of spatial correlations, are mapped along with the conventional topography. The results are tested with transparent (Pb, La) (Zr, Ti)O-3 ceramics where local disorder is due to doping with La3+. The conclusions are made about the distribution of the defects responsible for relaxor behavior and the role of the grain boundaries in the macroscopic response. C1 [Kholkin, Andrei L.; Kiselev, Dmitry A.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Kholkin, Andrei L.; Kiselev, Dmitry A.] Univ Aveiro, CICECO, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Bdikin, Igor K.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Mech Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Bdikin, Igor K.] Univ Aveiro, TEMA, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Sternberg, Andris] Latvian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia. [Dkhil, Brahim] Ecole Cent Paris, CNRS, Lab Struct Proprietes & Modelisat Solides, UMR 8580, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. [Jesse, Stephen; Ovchinnikov, Oleg; Kalinin, Sergei V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37922 USA. RP Kholkin, AL (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. EM kholkin@ua.pt; dmitry@ua.pt; bdikin@ua.pt; stern@latnet.lv; brahim.dkhil@ecp.fr; sjesse@ornl.gov; ovchinnikov1@ornl.gov; sergei2@ornl.gov RI Sternberg, Andris/H-8154-2016; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Research Unit, TEMA/H-9264-2012; Bdikin, Igor/J-4898-2013; Division, Nanotechnology/O-2342-2013; Kiselev, Dmitry/A-4359-2014; Dkhil, Brahim/O-8939-2014; Kholkin, Andrei/G-5834-2010; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016 OI Kiselev, Dmitry/0000-0003-1047-3007; Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Bdikin, Igor/0000-0001-6318-1425; Dkhil, Brahim/0000-0001-6155-059X; Kholkin, Andrei/0000-0003-3432-7610; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483 FU Portuguese project [PTDC/FIS/81442/2006]; Scientific User Facilities Division [CNMS2009-090]; Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) [SFRH/BD/22391/2005] FX The work was done within the Portuguese project PTDC/FIS/81442/2006. A part of this research was performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division (contract CNMS2009-090). DAK is grateful to Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) for the financial support via his PhD grant (SFRH/BD/22391/2005). IKB would like to thank the Ciencia 2008 Program of the FCT. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 36 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA ST ALBAN-ANLAGE 66, CH-4052 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD NOV PY 2010 VL 3 IS 11 BP 4860 EP 4870 DI 10.3390/ma3114860 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 864MB UT WOS:000298243100001 ER PT J AU Keiser, DD Gan, J Jue, JF Miller, BD Clark, CR AF Keiser, Dennis D., Jr. Gan, J. Jue, J. F. Miller, B. D. Clark, C. R. TI Electron microscopy characterization of an as-fabricated research reactor fuel plate comprised of U-7Mo particles dispersed in an Al-2Si alloy matrix SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Nuclear fuel; Research reactor; U-Mo alloy; Si diffusion ID MO; POWDERS AB To understand the microstructural development of nuclear fuel plates during irradiation it is imperative to know the microstructure of a fuel plate after all the fabrication steps have been completed and before it is inserted into the reactor To this end a U-7 wt % Mo alloy research reactor dispersion fuel plate with Al-2 wt % Si matrix was destructively examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy to characterize the developed microstructure after fabrication Of particular interest for this study was how the Si that was added to the fuel matrix partitioned between the various fuel plate phases during fabrication Si was added to the matrix so that the microstructure that developed during fuel fabrication would exhibit good irradiation behavior SEM analysis was used to identify the representative microstructure, the compositions of the various phases and the partitioning behavior of the fuel and matrix constituents TEM analysis was employed to definitively identify the phases in the U-7Mo alloy and the phases that formed due to diffusional interactions between the fuel particles and matrix during fuel plate fabrication The TEM results are the first reported for an as fabricated U-7 wt % Mo dispersion fuel plate with an Al alloy matrix SEM results showed that a significant portion of the original gamma (U-Mo) fuel particles had transformed to a lamellar microstructure comprised of alpha U and either gamma or gamma phases and the fuel/matrix interaction layers were enriched in Si TEM analysis identified an ordered fcc (U-Mo)(Al-Si)(3) type of phase which formed at the decomposed U-7Mo/matrix interface and extended into the lamellar microstructure Some regions of the U-7Mo particles retained the single phase gamma (U-Mo) Small precipitate phases were observed in the fuel meat matrix that contained Fe Al and Si The Si that is added to the matrix of a U-Mo dispersion fuel plate to improve irradiation performance appears to result in the creation of a Si rich (U-Mo)(Al-Si), type of fuel/matrix interaction layer during fabrication that appears to exhibit favorable behavior during irradiation compared to the behavior of the layers that form in U-Mo dispersion fuel plates without Si in the matrix (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Keiser, Dennis D., Jr.; Gan, J.; Jue, J. F.; Clark, C. R.] Idaho Natl Lab, Scoville, ID 83415 USA. [Miller, B. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Keiser, DD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. FU U S Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Materials Threat Reduction [NA 212]; National Nuclear Security Administration under DOE NE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE [AC07 05ID14517]; agency of the U S Government FX This work was supported by the U S Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Materials Threat Reduction (NA 212), National Nuclear Security Administration, under DOE NE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE AC07 05ID14517; This information was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U S Government Neither the U S Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U S Government or any agency thereof The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U S Government or any agency thereof NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 EI 1873-4189 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1157 EP 1166 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2010.07.010 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 681IQ UT WOS:000284305000016 ER PT J AU Janney, DE Kennedy, JR AF Janney, Dawn E. Kennedy, J. Rory TI As-cast microstructures in U-Pu-Zr alloy fuel pins with 5-8 wt.% minor actinides and 0-1.5 wt% rare-earth elements SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE Actinide alloys; Nuclear fuels; Microstructure; Scanning electron microscopy ID FAST-REACTOR FUEL; PHASE CHARACTERISTICS; NP-ZR; REDISTRIBUTION; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is investigating U-Pu-Zr alloys with low concentrations of minor actinides (Np and Am) and rare earth elements (La Ce Pr, and Nd) as possible nuclear fuels to be used to transmute minor actinides Alloys with compositions 60U-20Pu-3Am-2Np-15Zr 42U-30Pu-5Am-3Np-20Zr 59U-20Pu-3Am-2Np-1RE-15Zr, 58 5U-20Pu-3Am-2Np-1 5RE-15Zr 41U-30Pu-5Am-3Np-1RE-20Zr and 40 5U-30Pu-5Am-3Np-1 5RE-20zr (where numbers represent weight percents of each element and RE is a rare earth alloy consisting of 6% La 16% Pr 25% Ce and 53% Nd by weight) were arc melted and vacuum cast as fuel pins approximately 4 mm in diameter The as cast pins were sectioned, polished and examined by scanning electron microscopy Each alloy contains high Zr inclusions surrounded by a high actinide matrix Alloys with rare earth elements also contain inclusions that are high in these elements Within the matrix, concentrations of U and Zr vary inversely while concentrations of Np and Pu appear approximately constant Am occurs in the matrix and with some high rare earth inclusions and occasionally as high Am inclusions in samples without rare earth elements (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Janney, Dawn E.; Kennedy, J. Rory] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Janney, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Mail Stop 6188, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. FU U S Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-051D14517] FX This work was supported by the U S Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-051D14517 The authors would like to thank Dr Tom O'Holleran at the Electron Microscopy Laboratory at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for his assistance in making this work possible All of the samples were cast in the Casting Laboratory or Fuel Manufacturing Facility at INL Chemical analyses were carried out at the Analytical Laboratory at INL, and we would like to thank Dr Jeff Giglio for his assistance Ms Cynthia Papesch provided invaluable assistance with sample preparation logistics and project organization Sample preparation was done by Mr Jim Morrison Mr John Wey, and Mr Bryan Forsmann at INL NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 61 IS 11 BP 1194 EP 1202 DI 10.1016/j.matchar.2010.07.012 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 681IQ UT WOS:000284305000019 ER PT J AU Brumbach, MT Alam, TM Nilson, RH Kotula, PG McKenzie, BB Tissot, RG Bunker, BC AF Brumbach, Michael T. Alam, Todd M. Nilson, Robert H. Kotula, Paul G. McKenzie, Bonnie B. Tissot, Ralph G. Bunker, Bruce C. TI Ruthenium oxide-niobium hydroxide composites for pseudocapacitor electrodes SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Ruthenium oxide; Mixed oxide; Ultracapacitor; Electrical energy storage ID ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY-STORAGE; CHARGE STORAGE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; FILM ELECTRODES; ACID-SOLUTIONS; HYDROUS RUO2; POLYMERIC PRECURSOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ACTIVE SURFACE; WATER-CONTENT AB A simple solution-based method has been developed to vary the composition of redox active ruthenium oxide with highly proton-conducting niobium hydroxide to create stable, high capacitance electrodes at elevated temperatures. This method presents a dramatic departure from most other ruthenium oxide systems, which are prepared through annealing of hydrous ruthenium oxide. Typically RuO(2) processed at high temperature only exhibits high electrical conductivity and suffers from poor proton conduction, giving low overall capacitances. Here, the optimized Ru/Nb oxide composition can be used to achieve high power densities, high capacitances, and stabilized electrodes while significantly reducing ruthenium content. Extensive materials characterization including high-resolution cross-sectional TEM, elemental mapping, XRD, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and proton NMR were used to evaluate the structure of the material system. The electrochemically inert niobium oxide serves as a network former enhancing accessibility to redox active ruthenium oxide. The dispersion of RuO(2) in the NbO(OH) matrix results in reduced RuO(2) particle size, as observed via TEM and XRD, while also increasing the proton concentration in the material. Interconnected RuO(2) particles provide electrically conducting pathways, even at low Ru contents, where percolation networks remain intact. Ruthenium is more efficiently utilized in the Ru/Nb composites and ruthenium content can be significantly reduced without decreasing capacitive performance. In addition, the composite electrodes, with the fine mixing of Ru and Nb, give higher power performance than for RuO(2) alone. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brumbach, Michael T.; Alam, Todd M.; Kotula, Paul G.; McKenzie, Bonnie B.; Tissot, Ralph G.; Bunker, Bruce C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nilson, Robert H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brumbach, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0886, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mtbrumb@sandia.gov RI Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank Michael Rye and Garry Bryant for FIB-SEM cross-section analyses, and Erik Spoerke, Mark Roberts, Dave Wheeler, and Geoff Brennecka for thoughtful discussions. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program for support. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 79 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 124 IS 1 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.06.047 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 660AB UT WOS:000282607900069 ER PT J AU Ding, B Wang, MR Wang, XF Yu, JY Sun, G AF Ding, Bin Wang, Moran Wang, Xianfeng Yu, Jianyong Sun, Gang TI Electrospun nanomaterials for ultrasensitive sensors SO MATERIALS TODAY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; GAS-SENSING PROPERTIES; NANOFIBROUS MEMBRANES; SNO2 NANOFIBERS; POLYMER COMPOSITE; CHEMICAL SENSOR; GLUCOSE SENSOR; FIBER MATS; FABRICATION; SURFACE AB Increasing demands for ever more sensitive sensors for global environmental monitoring, food inspection and medical diagnostics have led to an upsurge of interests in nanostructured materials such as nanofibers and nanowebs. Electrospinning exhibits the unique ability to produce diverse forms of fibrous assemblies. The remarkable specific surface area and high porosity bring electrospun nanomaterials highly attractive to ultrasensitive sensors and increasing importance in other nanotechnological applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress in developments of the electrospun nanomaterials with applications in some predominant sensing approaches such as acoustic wave, resistive, photoelectric, optical, amperometric, and so on, illustrate with examples how they work, and discuss their intrinsic fundamentals and optimization designs. We are expecting the review to pave the way for developing more sensitive and selective nanosensors. C1 [Ding, Bin; Wang, Xianfeng; Sun, Gang] Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Ding, Bin; Wang, Xianfeng; Yu, Jianyong] Donghua Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Modern Text Inst, Shanghai 200051, Peoples R China. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ding, B (reprint author), Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. EM binding@dhu.edu.cn; mwang@lanl.gov RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010; Wang, Xianfeng/I-9846-2014 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50803009, 10872048]; Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China [10JC1400600] FX This work is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 50803009 and 10872048. Support from the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 10JC1400600) is appreciated. NR 101 TC 246 Z9 248 U1 27 U2 208 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7021 J9 MATER TODAY JI Mater. Today PD NOV PY 2010 VL 13 IS 11 BP 16 EP 27 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 673GH UT WOS:000283646800011 ER PT J AU Wilmes, P Bowen, BP Thomas, BC Mueller, RS Denef, VJ VerBerkmoes, NC Hettich, RL Northen, TR Banfield, JF AF Wilmes, Paul Bowen, Benjamin P. Thomas, Brian C. Mueller, Ryan S. Denef, Vincent J. VerBerkmoes, Nathan C. Hettich, Robert L. Northen, Trent R. Banfield, Jillian F. TI Metabolome-Proteome Differentiation Coupled to Microbial Divergence SO MBIO LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY PROTEOMICS; BACTERIA; BIOFILMS AB Tandem high-throughput proteomics and metabolomics were employed to functionally characterize natural microbial biofilm communities. Distinct molecular signatures exist for each analyzed sample. Deconvolution of the high-resolution molecular data demonstrates that identified proteins and detected metabolites exhibit organism-specific correlation patterns. These patterns are reflective of the functional differentiation of two bacterial species that share the same genus and that co-occur in the sampled microbial communities. Our analyses indicate that the two species have similar niche breadths and are not in strong competition with one another. IMPORTANCE Natural microbial assemblages represent dynamic consortia that exhibit extensive complexity at all levels. In the present study, we demonstrate that correlations between protein and metabolite abundances allow the deconvolution of complex molecular data sets into shared and organism-specific contingents. We demonstrate that evolutionary divergence is associated with the restructuring of cellular metabolic networks, which in turn allows bacterial species to occupy distinct ecological niches. The apparent lack of interspecific competition may explain the extensive population-level genetic heterogeneity observed extensively within microbial communities. The reported findings have broad implications for the in-depth investigation of the ecology and evolution of distinct microbial community members and for leveraging the solution of cryptic metabolic processes in the future. C1 [Wilmes, Paul; Thomas, Brian C.; Mueller, Ryan S.; Denef, Vincent J.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bowen, Benjamin P.; Northen, Trent R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [VerBerkmoes, Nathan C.; Hettich, Robert L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Banfield, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbanfield@berkeley.edu RI Northen, Trent/K-3139-2012; Hettich, Robert/N-1458-2016; OI Hettich, Robert/0000-0001-7708-786X; Northen, Trent/0000-0001-8404-3259; Wilmes, Paul/0000-0002-6478-2924 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FG02-05ER64134, DE-SC0004665, DE-SC0004918]; Luxembourg National Research Fund [FNR/A09/03] FX This work is funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research through the Genomic Sciences: ENIGMA Science Focus Area Program (contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231), GTL program (contract number DE-FG02-05ER64134) and programs in Carbon-Cycling (contract number DE-SC0004665) and Systems Biology Knowledgebase (contract number DE-SC0004918). P.W. was partially supported by a Luxembourg National Research Fund ATTRACT grant (FNR/A09/03). NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 2150-7511 J9 MBIO JI mBio PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 1 IS 5 AR e00246-10 DI 10.1128/mBio.00246-10 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 734XD UT WOS:000288374300008 ER PT J AU Garlea, E Choo, H Wang, GYY Liaw, PK Clausen, B Brown, DW Park, J Rack, PD Kenik, EA AF Garlea, Elena Choo, Hahn Wang, Gongyao Y. Liaw, Peter K. Clausen, Bjorn Brown, Donald W. Park, Jungwon Rack, Philip D. Kenik, Edward A. TI Hydride-Phase Formation and its Influence on Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in a Zircaloy-4 Alloy SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE; GROWTH BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; HYDROGEN CONTENT; TEMPERATURE; STRESS; STRAIN; BETA; TIP; TRANSFORMATION AB The hydride-phase formation and its influence on the fatigue behavior of a Zircaloy-4 alloy charged with hydrogen gas are investigated. First, the microstructure and fatigue crack propagation rate of the alloy in the as-received condition are studied. Second, the formation and homogeneous distribution of the delta zirconium hydride in the bulk and its effect on the fatigue crack propagation rate are presented. The results show that in the presence of hydrides, the zirconium alloy exhibits reduced toughness and enhanced crack growth rates. Finally, the influence of a preexisting fatigue crack in the specimen and the subsequent hydride formation are examined. The residual lattice strain profile around the fatigue crack tip is measured using neutron diffraction. It is observed that the combined effects of residual strains and hydride precipitation on the fatigue behavior are more severe leading to propagation of the crack under near threshold loading. C1 [Garlea, Elena; Choo, Hahn; Wang, Gongyao Y.; Liaw, Peter K.; Park, Jungwon; Rack, Philip D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Choo, Hahn] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Clausen, Bjorn] Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE LC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kenik, Edward A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garlea, E (reprint author), Appl Technol Div, Y-12 Natl Secur Complex, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM garleae@y12.doe.gov; hchoo@utk.edu RI Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015; OI Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X; Rack, Philip/0000-0002-9964-3254 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0231320]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Department of Energy); DOE [De-AC52-06NA25396]; Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Tennessee Advanced Materials Laboratory FX E. Garlea acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) International Materials Institutes (IMI) Program (DMR-0231320) and the Tennessee Advanced Materials Laboratory Fellowship Program. E. Garlea is grateful to Drs. D. A. Smith and S.J. Randolph for valuable suggestions regarding the nickel sputtering. This work has benefited from the use of Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (Department of Energy). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract De-AC52-06NA25396. EBSD analysis was conducted at the SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41A IS 11 BP 2816 EP 2828 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0342-z PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 669TA UT WOS:000283371900007 ER PT J AU Chandross, M Holm, EA AF Chandross, Michael Holm, Elizabeth A. TI Measuring Grain Junction Angles in Discretized Microstructures SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID 5 MACROSCOPIC PARAMETERS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY; GROWTH; POLYCRYSTALS; ENERGIES; GEOMETRY; MAGNESIA AB Grain junction angles control microstructural morphology and evolution, but because they are difficult to measure, they are reported rarely. We have developed a method, based on the optimization of the Pearson's correlation coefficient, to measure grain junction angles in planar discretized microstructures without converting or remeshing the original data. We find that the grain junction angle distribution of equiaxed, relatively isotropic, three-dimensional (3D) microstructures is a Gaussian distribution centered about 120 deg, with a larger width than predicted primarily because of boundary energy anisotropy. Short boundary segments, which occur primarily in sections of 3D microstructures, cause anomalous peaks in the grain junction angle distribution that provide a marker for sample dimensionality. The grain junction angle distribution is a characterization metric for digitized microstructures, revealing the effects of grain boundary energy anisotropy, simulation parameters, and dimensionality. C1 [Chandross, Michael; Holm, Elizabeth A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Mat Sci & Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chandross, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Computat Mat Sci & Engn, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eaholm@sandia.gov RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016 OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC0494AL85000]; Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC0494AL85000. This work was supported by Sandia's Laboratory Directed Research and Development program and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences core program. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41A IS 11 BP 3018 EP 3025 DI 10.1007/s11661-010-0355-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 669TA UT WOS:000283371900025 ER PT J AU Kelly, LC Cockell, CS Piceno, YM Andersen, GL Thorsteinsson, T Marteinsson, V AF Kelly, Laura C. Cockell, Charles S. Piceno, Yvette M. Andersen, Gary L. Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn Marteinsson, Viggo TI Bacterial Diversity of Weathered Terrestrial Icelandic Volcanic Glasses SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY SUCCESSION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DISSOLUTION RATES; BASALTIC GLASS; CLONE LIBRARY; FLOOR BASALT; OCEAN CRUST; SEA; POPULATIONS AB The diversity of microbial communities inhabiting two terrestrial volcanic glasses of contrasting mineralogy and age was characterised. Basaltic glass from a <0.8 Ma hyaloclastite deposit (Valafell) harboured a more diverse Bacteria community than the younger rhyolitic glass from similar to 150-300 AD (Domadalshraun lava flow). Actinobacteria dominated 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from both sites, however, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria were also numerically abundant in each. A significant proportion (15-34%) of the sequenced clones displayed <85% sequence similarities with current database sequences, thus suggesting the presence of novel microbial diversity in each volcanic glass. The majority of clone sequences shared the greatest similarity to uncultured organisms, mainly from soil environments, among these clones from Antarctic environments and Hawaiian and Andean volcanic deposits. Additionally, a large number of clones within the Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were more similar to sequences from other lithic environments, included among these Icelandic clones from crystalline basalt and rhyolite, however, no similarities to sequences reported from marine volcanic glasses were observed. PhyloChip analysis detected substantially greater numbers of phylotypes at both sites than the corresponding clone libraries, but nonetheless also identified the basaltic glass community as the richer, containing approximately 29% unique phylotypes compared to rhyolitic glass. C1 [Kelly, Laura C.; Cockell, Charles S.] Open Univ, Geomicrobiol Res Grp, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Piceno, Yvette M.; Andersen, Gary L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Dept Ecol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Thorsteinsson, Thorsteinn] Natl Energy Author, Hydrol Div, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Marteinsson, Viggo] Matis Ohf Iceland Food & Biotech R&D, IS-113 Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Kelly, LC (reprint author), Open Univ, Geomicrobiol Res Grp, Planetary & Space Sci Res Inst, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. EM laura.kelly@open.ac.uk RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015; Piceno, Yvette/I-6738-2016 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827; Piceno, Yvette/0000-0002-7915-4699 FU Leverhulme Trust [F/00 269/N] FX This work was made possible and supported by the Leverhulme Trust (project number F/00 269/N). We thank Andy Tindle for the provision of the microprobe facilities (Department of Earth Science, Open University, UK). The authors are also grateful to Steve Blake and Steve Self (Earth and Environmental Sciences, Open University, UK) for helpful discussions and advice, and to Steve Summers for performing the analysis of similarity (Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, UK). NR 54 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 60 IS 4 BP 740 EP 752 DI 10.1007/s00248-010-9684-8 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 680SW UT WOS:000284255700005 PM 20473490 ER PT J AU Porat, I Vishnivetskaya, TA Mosher, JJ Brandt, CC Yang, ZMK Brooks, SC Liang, LY Drake, MM Podar, M Brown, SD Palumbo, AV AF Porat, Iris Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A. Mosher, Jennifer J. Brandt, Craig C. Yang, Zamin K. Brooks, Scott C. Liang, Liyuan Drake, Meghan M. Podar, Mircea Brown, Steven D. Palumbo, Anthony V. TI Characterization of Archaeal Community in Contaminated and Uncontaminated Surface Stream Sediments SO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; RICE FIELD SOIL; SP NOV.; GEN. NOV.; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; LAKE SEDIMENT; WATER AB Archaeal communities from mercury and uranium-contaminated freshwater stream sediments were characterized and compared to archaeal communities present in an uncontaminated stream located in the vicinity of Oak Ridge, TN, USA. The distribution of the Archaea was determined by pyrosequencing analysis of the V4 region of 16S rRNA amplified from 12 streambed surface sediments. Crenarchaeota comprised 76% of the 1,670 archaeal sequences and the remaining 24% were from Euryarchaeota. Phylogenetic analysis further classified the Crenarchaeota as a Freshwater Group, Miscellaneous Crenarchaeota group, Group 13, Rice Cluster VI and IV, Marine Group I and Marine Benthic Group B; and the Euryarchaeota into Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales, Methanobacteriales, Rice Cluster III, Marine Benthic Group D, Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota 1 and Eury 5. All groups were previously described. Both hydrogen- and acetate-dependent methanogens were found in all samples. Most of the groups (with 60% of the sequences) described in this study were not similar to any cultivated isolates, making it difficult to discern their function in the freshwater microbial community. A significant decrease in the number of sequences, as well as in the diversity of archaeal communities was found in the contaminated sites. The Marine Group I, including the ammonia oxidizer Nitrosopumilus maritimus, was the dominant group in both mercury and uranium/nitrate-contaminated sites. The uranium-contaminated site also contained a high concentration of nitrate, thus Marine Group 1 may play a role in nitrogen cycle. C1 [Porat, Iris; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana A.; Mosher, Jennifer J.; Brandt, Craig C.; Yang, Zamin K.; Brooks, Scott C.; Liang, Liyuan; Drake, Meghan M.; Podar, Mircea; Brown, Steven D.; Palumbo, Anthony V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Palumbo, AV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM palumboav@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; Drake, Meghan/A-6446-2011; Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012; Liang, Liyuan/O-7213-2014; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/A-4488-2008; Brown, Steven/A-6792-2011; OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; Drake, Meghan/0000-0001-7969-4823; Podar, Mircea/0000-0003-2776-0205; Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788; Liang, Liyuan/0000-0003-1338-0324; Vishnivetskaya, Tatiana/0000-0002-0660-023X; Brown, Steven/0000-0002-9281-3898; Mosher, Jennifer/0000-0001-6976-2036 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy's Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Remediation Sciences Program. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 62 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-3628 J9 MICROB ECOL JI Microb. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 60 IS 4 BP 784 EP 795 DI 10.1007/s00248-010-9734-2 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 680SW UT WOS:000284255700009 PM 20725722 ER PT J AU Jernberg, C Lofmark, S Edlund, C Jansson, JK AF Jernberg, Cecilia Lofmark, Sonja Edlund, Charlotta Jansson, Janet K. TI Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Review ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FECAL MICROBIOTA; RESISTANCE GENE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; COLONIC MICROBIOTA; BACTEROIDES SPP.; COMMENSAL FLORA AB Although it is known that antibiotics have short-term impacts on the human microbiome, recent evidence demonstrates that the impacts of some antibiotics remain for extended periods of time. In addition, antibiotic-resistant strains can persist in the human host environment in the absence of selective pressure. Both molecular- and cultivation-based approaches have revealed ecological disturbances in the microbiota after antibiotic administration, in particular for specific members of the bacterial community that are susceptible or alternatively resistant to the antibiotic in question. A disturbing consequence of antibiotic treatment has been the long-term persistence of antibiotic resistance genes, for example in the human gut. These data warrant use of prudence in the administration of antibiotics that could aggravate the growing battle with emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogenic strains. C1 [Jernberg, Cecilia] Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Bacteriol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. [Lofmark, Sonja] Stockholm Univ, Dept Genet Microbiol & Toxicol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Edlund, Charlotta] Karolinska Inst, Dept Lab Med, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden. [Edlund, Charlotta] Med Prod Agcy, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden. [Jansson, Janet K.] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. [Jansson, Janet K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jernberg, C (reprint author), Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Dept Bacteriol, SE-17182 Solna, Sweden. EM cecilia.jernberg@smi.se FU Swedish Strategic Research Foundation (SSF); US Department of Energy [DE-ACO2-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Swedish Strategic Research Foundation (SSF) Microbes and Man (MICMAN) program and in part by the US Department of Energy Contract DE-ACO2-05CH11231 with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. NR 49 TC 243 Z9 253 U1 15 U2 114 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD NOV PY 2010 VL 156 SI SI BP 3216 EP 3223 DI 10.1099/mic.0.040618-0 PN 11 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 685XC UT WOS:000284660400003 PM 20705661 ER PT J AU Sriram, V Yang, JM Ye, J Minor, AM AF Sriram, Vinay Yang, Jenn-Ming Ye, Jia Minor, Andrew M. TI In-situ metrology and testing of nanotwinned copper pillars for potential air gap applications SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Nanotwinned copper pillars; Air gap; In-situ deformation; Nanometrology; Dislocations ID RATE SENSITIVITY; CROSS-SLIP; NANOINDENTATION; INTERCONNECTS; CHALLENGES; PLASTICITY; DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; STRENGTH; CRYSTAL AB We have performed in-situ nanocompression testing in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) of copper pillars having dimensions of the same order of typical via and line structures used in the semiconductor industry. We show direct evidence that twin boundaries can withstand extensive plastic deformation and still retain their structure when compared to regular grain boundaries. Through real-time TEM observations we have verified the deformation mechanisms of twin boundaries predicted by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Our quantitative in-situ stress measurements are also in close agreement with those reported by MD and energetics based calculations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sriram, Vinay; Yang, Jenn-Ming] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Ye, Jia; Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ye, Jia; Minor, Andrew M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sriram, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM vinayks@ucla.edu FU NSF/NIRT [0506841]; Scientific User Facilities Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is supported by NSF/NIRT-0506841: "Nanostructured Materials for Interconnect and Packaging Technology", Dr. Ken Chong is the program monitor. Research at the National Center for Electron Microscopy was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract # DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2046 EP 2049 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2010.04.019 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 644ZO UT WOS:000281420900004 ER PT J AU Cruz-Campa, JL Okandan, M Busse, ML Nielson, GN AF Cruz-Campa, J. L. Okandan, M. Busse, M. L. Nielson, G. N. TI Micro lens rapid prototyping technique with capability for wide variation in lens diameter and focal length SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Microlenses; Polymer; Surface tension; Rapid prototyping ID ARRAYS; FABRICATION; SENSOR; PDMS AB A "mold-less" method for rapid prototyping spherical microlenses using the surface tension of a transparent, temperature sensitive polymer is presented. The lens size can be varied with the volume of the polymer dispensed, with a diameter range of 450 mu m-4 mm. The focal length can be varied with the deposition/curing temperature, and can have values in the range of 2-25 mm. Mechanical profilometry and custom software was used to measure the lens profile. Parameters such as curvature, focal length, diameter, contact angle, and F-number were extracted from the measurements. Finally, an empirical model that predicts these variables as a function of temperature and volume deposited is proposed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cruz-Campa, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Core Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Okandan, M.; Nielson, G. N.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv MEMS, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Busse, M. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, MESAFab Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Cruz-Campa, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS Core Technol, 1515 Eubank Blvd SE,MS 1080, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM jlcruzc@sandia.gov; mokanda@sandia.gov; mlbusse@sandia.gov; gnniels@sandia.gov OI Busse, Matthias/0000-0003-2083-9973 FU United States Department of Energy's NNSA [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's NNSA under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was sponsored by the DOE Solar Program Seed Fund. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 87 IS 11 BP 2376 EP 2381 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2010.04.012 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 644ZO UT WOS:000281420900063 ER PT J AU Davis, ES Murray, TE Fitzpatrick, U Brown, MJF Paxton, RJ AF Davis, Emily S. Murray, Tomas E. Fitzpatrick, Una Brown, Mark J. F. Paxton, Robert J. TI Landscape effects on extremely fragmented populations of a rare solitary bee, Colletes floralis SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation; dispersal; landscape genetics; management unit; mining bee; population structure ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; PLANT-POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS; LAND-USE; MICROSATELLITE DATA; F-STATISTICS; BUMBLE BEES; HYMENOPTERA; CONSERVATION; APIDAE; DIVERSITY AB Globally, there is concern over the decline of bees, an ecologically important group of pollinating insects. Genetic studies provide insights into population structure that are crucial for conservation management but that would be impossible to obtain by conventional ecological methods. Yet conservation genetic studies of bees have primarily focussed on social species rather than the more species-rich solitary bees. Here, we investigate the population structure of Colletes floralis, a rare and threatened solitary mining bee, in Ireland and Scotland using nine microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity was surprisingly as high in Scottish (Hebridean island) populations at the extreme northwestern edge of the species range as in mainland Irish populations further south. Extremely high genetic differentiation among populations was detected; multilocus F-ST was up to 0.53, and G'(ST) and D-est were even higher (maximum: 0.85 and 1.00, respectively). A pattern of isolation by distance was evident for sites separated by land. Water appears to act as a substantial barrier to gene flow yet sites separated by sea did not exhibit isolation by distance. C. floralis populations are extremely isolated and probably not in regional migration-drift equilibrium. GIS-based landscape genetic analysis reveals urban areas as a potential and substantial barrier to gene flow. Our results highlight the need for urgent site-specific management action to halt the decline of this and potentially other rare solitary bees. C1 [Davis, Emily S.; Murray, Tomas E.; Paxton, Robert J.] Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. [Murray, Tomas E.] TEAGASC, Crops Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. [Fitzpatrick, Una; Brown, Mark J. F.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dept Zool, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Fitzpatrick, Una] Natl Biodivers Data Ctr, Carriganore, Waterford, Ireland. [Brown, Mark J. F.] Univ London, Sch Biol Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Paxton, Robert J.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Biol, D-06099 Halle, Saale, Germany. RP Davis, ES (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Biol Sci, 97 Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland. EM edavis01@qub.ac.uk RI Murray, Tomas/C-5540-2013; Paxton, Robert/D-7082-2015 OI Paxton, Robert/0000-0003-2517-1351 FU Department of Education and Learning (Northern Ireland); Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA); Natural Heritage Research Partnership (NHRP) with Queen's University Belfast; Higher Education Authority (Ireland) FX Thanks to Andrew Byrne, Cathy Fiedler, Mike Edwards, George Else, Michael Kuhlmann, Stuart Roberts and Nico Vereecken for bees and identification of specimens, to Jim Provan and Neil Reid for useful discussions and help with ARCGIS, to the editor and referees for helpful comments on the manuscript and to the Department of Education and Learning (Northern Ireland), the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) through their Natural Heritage Research Partnership (NHRP) with Queen's University Belfast and the Higher Education Authority (Ireland) under their North-South Programme for Collaborative Research for financial support. Our thanks also go to Janet Hunter and Jane Sears of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), NIEA, Ulster Wildlife Trust (UWT), Ministry of Defence (MOD), National Parks and Wildlife Service of the Republic of Ireland, Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) and private landowners for support and permission to carry out fieldwork. NR 79 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 22 BP 4922 EP 4935 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04868.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 677JH UT WOS:000283986700009 PM 21040051 ER PT J AU Graham, DE AF Graham, David E. TI A new role for coenzyme F-420 in aflatoxin reduction by soil mycobacteria SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOSYNTHESIS; MYCOTOXINS; SMEGMATIS AB P>Hepatotoxic aflatoxins have found a worthy adversary in two new families of bacterial oxidoreductases. These enzymes use the reduced coenzyme F-420 to initiate the degradation of furanocoumarin compounds, including the major mycotoxin products of Aspergillus flavus. Along with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthases and aryl nitroreductases, these proteins form a large and versatile superfamily of flavin and deazaflavin-dependent oxidoreductases. F-420-dependent members of this family appear to share a common mechanism of hydride transfer from the reduced, low-potential deazaflavin to the electron-deficient ring systems of their substrates. C1 [Graham, David E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Graham, David E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37966 USA. RP Graham, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM grahamde@ornl.gov RI Graham, David/F-8578-2010 OI Graham, David/0000-0001-8968-7344 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 78 IS 3 BP 533 EP 536 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07358.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 669VF UT WOS:000283377600001 PM 21038477 ER PT J AU Brandley, MC Guiher, TJ Pyron, RA Winne, CT Burbrink, FT AF Brandley, Matthew C. Guiher, Tim J. Pyron, R. Alexander Winne, Christopher T. Burbrink, Frank T. TI Does dispersal across an aquatic geographic barrier obscure phylogeographic structure in the diamond-backed watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer)? SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Coalescence; Mississippi River; Molecular divergence dating; Natricinae; Nerodia; Phylogeography ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; GENE FLOW; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; LINEAGE DIVERSIFICATION; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; THAMNOPHIINE SNAKES; COALESCENT APPROACH; ELAPHE OBSOLETA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DIVERGENCE AB The impact of barriers to dispersal and gene flow is often inferred to be the primary cause of lineage divergence and phylogeographic structure in terrestrial organisms. In particular, the Mississippi River has been implicated as a barrier to gene flow in many species, including aquatic taxa. However, if barriers are permeable to organisms, then phylogeographic structure may be difficult to detect due to gene flow between lineages. Using time-calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA, and phylogeographic coalescent simulations, we determine if the Mississippi River operates as a barrier to gene flow in the aquatic diamond-backed watersnake (Nerodia rhombifer). The phylogenetic analyses support a basal division within N. rhombifer mtDNA lineages that coincides with populations generally east and west of the Mississippi River. These results, and that of the divergence dating analyses, therefore suggest that the river was a significant barrier to gene flow in the Pleistocene similar to 1.4 million years ago, presumably during an interglacial period when the river was much wider. However, we also detect western haplotypes in the eastern clade, and vice versa, thereby indicating that this barrier has not been complete. Nonetheless, the coalescent simulations that account for limited migration suggest that the Mississippi River was an important feature that shaped the phylogeographic history of this aquatic snake in the USA despite limited gene flow. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Brandley, Matthew C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guiher, Tim J.; Pyron, R. Alexander; Burbrink, Frank T.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY USA. [Guiher, Tim J.; Pyron, R. Alexander; Burbrink, Frank T.] CUNY, Grad Sch, Univ Ctr, New York, NY USA. [Winne, Christopher T.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. RP Brandley, MC (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Heydon Laurence Bldg A08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM mbrandley@gmail.com RI Pyron, Robert/F-1681-2014 OI Pyron, Robert/0000-0003-2524-1794 FU American Museum of Natural History; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology; UC Berkeley FX Our gratitude goes to the many landowners and fisheries who allowed us access to their facilities, and to the following individuals and institutions for generous tissue loans, without which, this project would not have been possible: S. Arnold, S. Ballard, R. Brown, J. Boundy, B. Crother, J. Dixon, T. Esker, O. Flores, M. Keck, S. Lewis, R. Makowsky, F. Mendoza Quijano, M. Mills, A. Nieto Montes de Oca, T. Papenfuss, J. Petzing, M. Pfrender, S. Richter, T. Reeder, S. Secor, D. Shepard, J. Tucker, P. Ustach, J. Willson, American Museum of Natural History (D. Kizirian), California Academy of Sciences (J. Vindum), Field Museum of Natural History, Illinois Natural History Survey (C. Phillips), Louisiana State University Museum of Natural History (D. Dittmann), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (Carol Spencer), and Southwest Texas State University tissue collections (M. Forstner). We also thank J. Boundy, W. Fair, A. Seago, and B. Smith and Harvey (USA Army Corps of Engineers, Demopolis, Alabama) for fieldwork assistance, L Seago and H. Voris for access to field equipment, and M. Keck for photos. The J. McGuire lab group, A. Seago, D. Warren, and two anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on the manuscript. Portions of this study were funded by the American Museum of Natural History Theodore Roosevelt grant, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology Koford grant, and UC Berkeley Integrative Biology summer research grant awarded to MCB. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 57 IS 2 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.015 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 679QV UT WOS:000284176800007 PM 20688180 ER PT J AU Cooper, MC Coil, AL Gerke, BF Newman, JA Bundy, K Conselice, CJ Croton, DJ Davis, M Faber, SM Guhathakurta, P Koo, DC Lin, L Weiner, BJ Willmer, CNA Yan, RB AF Cooper, Michael C. Coil, Alison L. Gerke, Brian F. Newman, Jeffrey A. Bundy, Kevin Conselice, Christopher J. Croton, Darren J. Davis, Marc Faber, S. M. Guhathakurta, Puragra Koo, David C. Lin, Lihwai Weiner, Benjamin J. Willmer, Christopher N. A. Yan, Renbin TI Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence: the colour-density relation at fixed stellar mass persists to z similar to 1 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; formation; statistics; large-scale structure of Universe ID GALAXY REDSHIFT SURVEY; VLT DEEP SURVEY; STAR-FORMATION; ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EVOLUTION; FIELD; Z-SIMILAR-TO-1; ZCOSMOS; MORPHOLOGY AB We use data drawn from the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey to investigate the relationship between local galaxy density, stellar mass and rest-frame galaxy colour. At z similar to 0.9, we find that the shape of the stellar mass function at the high-mass [log(10)(M-*/h(-2) M-circle dot) > 10.1] end depends on the local environment, with high-density regions favouring more massive systems. Accounting for this stellar mass-environment relation (i.e. working at fixed stellar mass), we find a significant colour-density relation for galaxies with 10.6 < log(10)(M*/h(-2) M-circle dot) < 11.1 and 0.75 < z < 0.95. This result is shown to be robust to variations in the sample selection and to extend to even lower masses [down to log(10)(M*/h(-2) M-circle dot) similar to 10.4]. We conclude by discussing our results in comparison to recent works in the literature, which report no significant correlation between galaxy properties and environment at fixed stellar mass for the same redshift and stellar mass domain. The non-detection of environmental dependence found in other data sets is largely attributable to their smaller sample sizes and lower sampling density, as well as systematic effects such as inaccurate redshifts and biased analysis techniques. Ultimately, our results based on DEEP2 data illustrate that the evolutionary state of a galaxy at z similar to 1 is not exclusively determined by the stellar mass of the galaxy. Instead, we show that local environment appears to play a distinct role in the transformation of galaxy properties at z > 1. C1 [Cooper, Michael C.; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Willmer, Christopher N. A.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Coil, Alison L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Coil, Alison L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gerke, Brian F.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94725 USA. [Newman, Jeffrey A.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Bundy, Kevin; Davis, Marc] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Astron, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Conselice, Christopher J.] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Croton, Darren J.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Ctr Astrophys & Super Comp, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Davis, Marc; Guhathakurta, Puragra] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 92720 USA. [Faber, S. M.; Koo, David C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, UCO Lick Observ, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Faber, S. M.; Koo, David C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Lin, Lihwai] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Yan, Renbin] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. RP Cooper, MC (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM cooper@as.arizona.edu; bgerke@slac.stanford.edu; janewman@pitt.edu; kbundy@astro.berkeley.edu; conselice@nottingham.ac.uk; dcro-ton@astro.swin.edu.au; marc@astro.berkeley.edu; faber@ucolick.org; raja@ucolick.org; koo@ucolick.org; lihwailin@asiaa.sinica.edu.tw; bjw@as.arizona.edu; cnaw@as.arizona.edu; yan@astro.utoronto.ca RI Conselice, Christopher/B-4348-2013; OI Conselice, Christopher/0000-0003-1949-7638 FU NASA [HF-01215, NAS 5-26555]; NSF [AST-0507428, AST-0507483, AST-0071048, AST-0071198, AST-0808133, AST-0806732]; Hubble Space Telescope Archival grant [HST-AR-10947.01]; Space Telescope Science Institute FX Support for this work was provided by NASA through the Spitzer Space Telescope Fellowship Programme. This work was also supported in part by NSF grants AST-0507428, AST-0507483, AST-0071048, AST-0071198, AST-0808133 and AST-0806732 as well as Hubble Space Telescope Archival grant, HST-AR-10947.01. KB acknowledges support for this work provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant #HF-01215, awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. MCC thanks Greg Wirth and the entire Keck Observatory staff for their help in the acquisition of the DEEP2 Keck/DEIMOS data. NR 45 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17312.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681CP UT WOS:000284285500029 ER PT J AU Cameron, E Carollo, CM Oesch, P Aller, MC Bschorr, T Cerulo, P Aussel, H Capak, P Le Floc'h, E Ilbert, O Kneib, JP Koekemoer, A Leauthaud, A Lilly, SJ Massey, R McCracken, HJ Rhodes, J Salvato, M Sanders, DB Scoville, N Sheth, K Taniguchi, Y Thompson, D AF Cameron, E. Carollo, C. M. Oesch, P. Aller, M. C. Bschorr, T. Cerulo, P. Aussel, H. Capak, P. Le Floc'h, E. Ilbert, O. Kneib, J. -P. Koekemoer, A. Leauthaud, A. Lilly, S. J. Massey, R. McCracken, H. J. Rhodes, J. Salvato, M. Sanders, D. B. Scoville, N. Sheth, K. Taniguchi, Y. Thompson, D. TI Bars in early- and late-type discs in COSMOS SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: structure ID BARRED SPIRAL GALAXIES; ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; HUBBLE SEQUENCE; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SECULAR EVOLUTION; HIGH-REDSHIFT; STELLAR MASS; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS AB We investigate the (large-scale) bar fraction in a mass-complete sample of M > 10(10.5) M-circle dot disc galaxies at 0.2 < z < 0.6 in the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. The fraction of barred discs strongly depends on mass, disc morphology and specific star formation rate (SSFR). At intermediate stellar mass (10(10.5) < M < 10(11) M-circle dot) the bar fraction in early-type discs is much higher, at all redshifts, by a factor of similar to 2, than that in late-type discs. This trend is reversed at higher stellar mass (M > 10(11) M-circle dot), where the fraction of bars in early-type discs becomes significantly lower, at all redshifts, than that in late-type discs. The bar fractions for galaxies with low and high SSFRs closely follow those of the morphologically selected early-and late-type populations, respectively. This indicates a close correspondence between morphology and SSFR in disc galaxies at these earlier epochs. Interestingly, the total bar fraction in 10(10.5) < M < 10(11) M-circle dot discs is built up by a factor of similar to 2 over the redshift interval explored, while for M > 10(11) M-circle dot discs it remains roughly constant. This indicates that, already by z similar to 0.6, spectral and morphological transformations in the most massive disc galaxies have largely converged to the familiar Hubble sequence that we observe in the local Universe, while for intermediate-mass discs this convergence is ongoing until at least z similar to 0.2. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of employing mass-limited samples for quantifying the evolution of barred galaxies. Finally, the evolution of the barred galaxy populations investigated does not depend on the large-scale environmental density (at least, on the scales which can be probed with the available photometric redshifts). C1 [Cameron, E.; Carollo, C. M.; Oesch, P.; Aller, M. C.; Bschorr, T.; Cerulo, P.; Lilly, S. J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Aussel, H.; Le Floc'h, E.] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, CNRS, AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Capak, P.; Sheth, K.] CALTECH, Spitzer Space Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ilbert, O.; Kneib, J. -P.] Univ Aix Marseille 1, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Marseille, F-13388 Marseille 13, France. [Koekemoer, A.] STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leauthaud, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, BCCP, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Massey, R.] Royal Observ, Inst Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, Midlothian, Scotland. [McCracken, H. J.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France. [Rhodes, J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Sanders, D. B.] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Taniguchi, Y.] Ehime Univ, Res Ctr Space & Cosm Evolut, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Thompson, D.] Univ Arizona, LBT Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Cameron, E (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. EM cameron@phys.ethz.ch RI Kneib, Jean-Paul/A-7919-2015; OI Kneib, Jean-Paul/0000-0002-4616-4989; Oesch, Pascal/0000-0001-5851-6649; Koekemoer, Anton/0000-0002-6610-2048; Massey, Richard/0000-0002-6085-3780 NR 77 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 409 IS 1 BP 346 EP 354 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17314.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 681CP UT WOS:000284285500030 ER PT J AU Israel, GL Esposito, P Rea, N Dall'Osso, S Senziani, F Romano, P Mangano, V Gotz, D Zane, S Tiengo, A Palmer, DM Krimm, H Gehrels, N Mereghetti, S Stella, L Turolla, R Campana, S Perna, R Angelini, L De Luca, A AF Israel, G. L. Esposito, P. Rea, N. Dall'Osso, S. Senziani, F. Romano, P. Mangano, V. Goetz, D. Zane, S. Tiengo, A. Palmer, D. M. Krimm, H. Gehrels, N. Mereghetti, S. Stella, L. Turolla, R. Campana, S. Perna, R. Angelini, L. De Luca, A. TI The 2008 October Swift detection of X-ray bursts/outburst from the transient SGR-like AXP 1E 1547.0-5408 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE stars: neutron; X-rays: bursts; X-rays: individual: 1E 1547; 0-5408 ID MAGNETAR XTE J1810-197; PULSAR XTE-J1810-197; NEUTRON-STARS; INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; INTERNAL TEMPERATURE; SPECTRAL EVOLUTION; TORQUE VARIATIONS; VORTEX CREEP; EMISSION; TELESCOPE AB We report on the detailed study of the 2008 October outburst from the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1547.0-5408 discovered through the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) detection of soft gamma-ray repeater like short X-ray bursts on 2008 October 3. The Swift/X-ray Telescope (XRT) started observing the source after less than 100 s since the BAT trigger, when the flux (similar to 6 x 10-11 erg cm-2 s-1 in the 2-10 keV range) was > 50 times higher than its quiescent level. Swift monitored the outbursting activity of 1E 1547.0-5408 on a daily basis for approximately three weeks. This strategy allowed us to find a phase-coherent solution for the source pulsations after the burst, which, besides P and , requires a positive term (spin-down increase). The time evolution of the pulse shape is complex and variable, with the pulsed fraction increasing from 20 to 50 per cent within the Swift observational window. The XRT spectra can be fitted well by means of a single component, either a power law (PL) or a blackbody. During the very initial phases of the outburst the spectrum is hard, with a PL photon index Gamma similar to 2 (or kT similar to 1.4 keV), which steepens to Gamma similar to 4 (or kT similar to 0.8 keV) within one day from the BAT trigger, though the two components are likely present simultaneously during the first-day spectra. An INTEGRAL observation carried out five days after the trigger provided an upper limit of similar to 2 x 10-11 erg cm-2 s-1 to the emission of 1E 1547.0-5408 in the 18-60 keV band. C1 [Israel, G. L.; Dall'Osso, S.; Stella, L.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. [Esposito, P.; Senziani, F.; Tiengo, A.; Mereghetti, S.; De Luca, A.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Milano, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Esposito, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Rea, N.] CSIC, ICE, IEEC, Barcelona 08193, Spain. [Rea, N.] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Senziani, F.; De Luca, A.] IUSS, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Romano, P.; Mangano, V.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm Palermo, INAF, I-90146 Palermo, Italy. [Goetz, D.] CEA Saclay, DSM, Irfu, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zane, S.; Turolla, R.] Univ Coll London, Mullard Space Sci Lab, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, England. [Palmer, D. M.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Krimm, H.; Gehrels, N.; Angelini, L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Krimm, H.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21044 USA. [Turolla, R.] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. [Campana, S.] Osserv Astron Brera, INAF, I-23807 Merate, Lc, Italy. [Perna, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Israel, GL (reprint author), Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, Via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. EM gianluca@mporzio.astro.it RI Gehrels, Neil/D-2971-2012; Rea, Nanda/I-2853-2015; OI Rea, Nanda/0000-0003-2177-6388; Campana, Sergio/0000-0001-6278-1576; Tiengo, Andrea/0000-0002-6038-1090; MEREGHETTI, SANDRO/0000-0003-3259-7801; Israel, GianLuca/0000-0001-5480-6438; De Luca, Andrea/0000-0001-6739-687X; Esposito, Paolo/0000-0003-4849-5092 FU ASI (ASI/INAF) [I/088/06/0, I/011/07/0, AAE TH-058, AAE DA-044, AAE DA-006]; Osio Sotto city council; STFC; Ramon y Cajal fellowship; CNES FX This research is based on observations with the NASA/UK/ASI Swift mission. We thank the Swift duty scientists and science planners for making these observations possible. The Italian authors acknowledge the partial support from ASI (ASI/INAF contracts I/088/06/0, I/011/07/0, AAE TH-058, AAE DA-044 and AAE DA-006). PE thanks the Osio Sotto city council for support with a G. Petrocchi fellowship. SZ acknowledges support from STFC. NR is supported by a Ramon y Cajal fellowship. DG acknowledges the CNES for financial support. NR 57 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 1387 EP 1395 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17001.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 667AS UT WOS:000283165600004 ER PT J AU Natoli, P De Troia, G Hikage, C Komatsu, E Migliaccio, M Ade, PAR Bock, JJ Bond, JR Borrill, J Boscaleri, A Contaldi, CR Crill, BP de Bernardis, P de Gasperis, G de Oliveira-Costa, A Di Stefano, G Hivon, E Kisner, TS Jones, WC Lange, AE Masi, S Mauskopf, PD MacTavish, CJ Melchiorri, A Montroy, TE Netterfield, CB Pascale, E Piacentini, F Polenta, G Ricciardi, S Romeo, G Ruhl, JE Tegmark, M Veneziani, M Vittorio, N AF Natoli, P. De Troia, G. Hikage, C. Komatsu, E. Migliaccio, M. Ade, P. A. R. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Borrill, J. Boscaleri, A. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. de Bernardis, P. de Gasperis, G. de Oliveira-Costa, A. Di Stefano, G. Hivon, E. Kisner, T. S. Jones, W. C. Lange, A. E. Masi, S. Mauskopf, P. D. MacTavish, C. J. Melchiorri, A. Montroy, T. E. Netterfield, C. B. Pascale, E. Piacentini, F. Polenta, G. Ricciardi, S. Romeo, G. Ruhl, J. E. Tegmark, M. Veneziani, M. Vittorio, N. TI BOOMERanG constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity from analytical Minkowski functionals SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE methods: analytical; methods: statistical; early Universe; cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations ID PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MAP-MAKING ALGORITHM; 2003 FLIGHT; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; TEMPERATURE ANISOTROPY; INFLATIONARY MODELS; MICROWAVE; BISPECTRUM AB We use Minkowski functionals (MFs) to constrain a primordial non-Gaussian contribution to the cosmic microwave background intensity field as observed in the 150- and 145-GHz BOOMERanG maps from the 1998 and 2003 flights, respectively, performing for the first time a joint analysis of the two data sets. A perturbative expansion of the MF formulae in the limit of a weakly non-Gaussian field yields analytical formulae, derived by Hikage et al., which can be used to constrain the coupling parameter f(NL) without the need for non-Gaussian simulations. We find -770 < f(NL) < 500 at 95 per cent CL, significantly improving the previous constraints by De Troia et al. on the BOOMERanG 2003 data set. These are the best f(NL) limits to date for suborbital probes. C1 [Natoli, P.; De Troia, G.; Migliaccio, M.; de Gasperis, G.; Vittorio, N.] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Natoli, P.] INFN, Sez Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Hikage, C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hikage, C.; Ade, P. A. R.; Mauskopf, P. D.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Komatsu, E.] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bond, J. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Borrill, J.; Kisner, T. S.; Ricciardi, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Computat Res Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Borrill, J.; Kisner, T. S.; Ricciardi, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Boscaleri, A.] IFAC CNR, I-50127 Florence, Italy. [Contaldi, C. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Theoret Phys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. [de Bernardis, P.; Masi, S.; Melchiorri, A.; Piacentini, F.; Polenta, G.; Veneziani, M.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [de Oliveira-Costa, A.; Tegmark, M.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Di Stefano, G.; Romeo, G.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, I-00143 Rome, Italy. [Hivon, E.] Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. [Jones, W. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [MacTavish, C. J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Astrophys Grp, London SW7 2BZ, England. [Melchiorri, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 1, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.; Pascale, E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Polenta, G.] ASI Sci Data Ctr, ESRIN, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. [Polenta, G.] Osserv Astron Roma, INAF, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy. RP Natoli, P (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Fis, Via Ric Sci 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy. EM paolo.natoli@gmail.com RI de Gasperis, Giancarlo/C-8534-2012; Komatsu, Eiichiro/A-4361-2011; Piacentini, Francesco/E-7234-2010; OI Ricciardi, Sara/0000-0002-3807-4043; de Gasperis, Giancarlo/0000-0003-2899-2171; Melchiorri, Alessandro/0000-0001-5326-6003; Piacentini, Francesco/0000-0002-5444-9327; Masi, Silvia/0000-0001-5105-1439; de Bernardis, Paolo/0000-0001-6547-6446; ROMEO, Giovanni/0000-0002-5535-7803; Polenta, Gianluca/0000-0003-4067-9196; Hivon, Eric/0000-0003-1880-2733 FU CIAR; CSA; NSERC in Canada; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; University La Sapienza; Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide in Italy; PPARC; Leverhulme Trust in the UK; NASA [NAG5-9251, NAG5-12723]; NSF in the USA [OPP-9980654, OPP-0407592]; DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; CASPUR (Rome, Italy); ASI [I/016/07/0]; Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council [PP/C501692/1]; SPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) FX The BOOMERanG team gratefully acknowledges support from the CIAR, CSA and NSERC in Canada; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, University La Sapienza and Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide in Italy; PPARC and the Leverhulme Trust in the UK and NASA (awards NAG5-9251 and NAG5-12723) and NSF (awards OPP-9980654 and OPP-0407592) in the USA. Additional support for detector development was provided by CIT and JPL. Field, logistical and flight support were supplied by USAP and NSBF. This research used resources at NERSC, supported by the DOE under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098, and CASPUR (Rome, Italy; special thanks are due to M. Botti and F. Massaioli). We also acknowledge partial support from ASI Contract I/016/07/0 'COFIS' and ASI Contract Planck LFI activity of Phase E2. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPIX package (Gorski et al. 2005). CH acknowledges support from the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council grant number PP/C501692/1 and a JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) fellowship. We thank an anonymous referee for useful suggestions. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 408 IS 3 BP 1658 EP 1665 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17228.x PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 667AS UT WOS:000283165600026 ER PT J AU Mirocha, JD Lundquist, JK Kosovic, B AF Mirocha, J. D. Lundquist, J. K. Kosovic, B. TI Implementation of a Nonlinear Subfilter Turbulence Stress Model for Large-Eddy Simulation in the Advanced Research WRF Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; DISPERSION AB Two formulations of a nonlinear turbulence subfilter-scale (SFS) stress model were implemented into the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model (ARW-WRF) version 30 for improved large-eddy simulation performance The new models were evaluated against the WRF model's standard Smagorinsky and 1 5-order turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) linear eddy viscosity SFS stress models in simulations of geostroplucally forced, neutral boundary layer flow over both flat terrain and a shallow, symmetric transverse ridge Comparisons of simulation results with similarity profiles indicate that the nonlinear models significantly Improve agreement with the expected profiles near the surface reducing the overprediction of near surface stress characteristic of linear eddy-viscosity models with no near wall damping Comparisons of simulations conducted using different mesh sizes Indicate that the nonlinear model simulations at coarser resolutions agree more closely with the higher-resolution results than corresponding lower-resolution simulations using the standard WRF SFS stress models The nonlinear models produced flows featuring a broader range of eddy sizes with less spectral power at lower frequencies and more spectral power at higher frequencies In simulated flow over the transverse ridge, distributions of flow separation and reversal near the surface simulated at higher resolution were likewise better depicted in coarser resolution simulations using the nonlinear models C1 [Mirocha, J. D.; Lundquist, J. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kosovic, B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Mirocha, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L 103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU U S Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL [06-ERD-026, 09-ERD-038]; LDRD FX The authors thank F K Chow and K A Lundquist for many helpful discussions This work was performed under the auspices of the U S Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 Staff effort at LLNL and UC Berkeley was supported by the LLNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program, Projects 06-ERD-026 and 09-ERD-038 Computations at LLNL's Livermore Computing were also supported by LDRD NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 138 IS 11 BP 4212 EP 4228 DI 10.1175/2010MWR3286.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 690WG UT WOS:000285039700013 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Marianetti, CA Lander, GH AF Moore, Kevin T. Marianetti, Chris A. Lander, Gerard H. TI Emerging areas of actinide science SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETISM; URU2SI2; METALS; ORDER AB Actinide materials, which are the backbone of nuclear energy, are being examined with growing interest due to the pressing need for carbon-free energy production Prospects for advanced fuels for next-generation reactors demand a solid understanding of the physical properties of actinide materials, including thermodynamics and quantum mechanics In this issue of MRS Bulletin, six articles give a broad overview of the current state of actinide science, illustrating current advances and emerging areas of interest in this class of materials, and how this fundamental understanding supports nuclear energy C1 [Moore, Kevin T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Marianetti, Chris A.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lander, Gerard H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lander, Gerard H.] Commiss European Communities, Inst Transuranium Elements ITU, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 841 EP 843 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688OS UT WOS:000284861500009 ER PT J AU Neu, MP Boukhalfa, H Merroun, ML AF Neu, Mary P. Boukhalfa, Hakim Merroun, Mohamed L. TI Biomineralization and biotransformations of actinide materials SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID METAL-REDUCING BACTERIA; POLYPHOSPHATE METABOLISM; BIOLOGICAL REDUCTION; BACILLUS-SPHAERICUS; BIOGENIC URANINITE; URANIUM; COMPLEXES; ACCUMULATION; SIDEROPHORES; SPECIATION AB Microorganisms moderate local chemical conditions and alter forms of metals indirectly or directly to meet their cellular, species, and consortia needs The diversity of microorganisms and the complexity of biogeochemical systems ensures that bacterially mediated processes yield a wide range of products, which await discovery by material scientists Few types of materials produced by environmental bacteria have been analyzed by modern chemical and material science methods Research on actinide biomaterials has focused on the biomineralization of a few chemical forms of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium The materials produced are molecular complexes, microcrystalline minerals (most commonly oxides and phosphates) within cells and biofilms, and mineral adsorbates The actinide biomaterials that emerge from this new research area will impact nuclear waste isolation and increase our understanding of environmental and geological metal cycles and may yield new bioremediation methods and industrially useful materials C1 [Neu, Mary P.; Boukhalfa, Hakim] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Merroun, Mohamed L.] Univ Granada, Dept Microbiol, Fac Sci, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Neu, MP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Merroun, Mohamed /L-4514-2014 OI Merroun, Mohamed /0000-0003-4553-5976 FU U S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research FX We acknowledge Dr Gary Icopini, Professor Teresa Gonzalez-Munoz, Dr Steven Conradson, Dr Sonja Selenska-Pobell, Professor Gert Bernhard, Dr Henry Moll, and our research groups who have conducted actinide biomineralization research with us We thank the U S Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research for funding projects that pioneered biomineralization research, including some of the work described herein The U biomineralization experiments done by Dr Merroun were performed at the Institute of Radiochemistry, Forchungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany We acknowledge the assistance of Maria del Mar Abad Ortega and Concepcion Hernandez Castillo (Electron Microscopy Services), University of Granada, Spain, with the TEM measurements NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 32 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 849 EP 857 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.711 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688OS UT WOS:000284861500010 ER PT J AU Ewing, RC Runde, W Albrecht-Schmitt, TE AF Ewing, Rodney C. Runde, Wolfgang Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E. TI Environmental impact of the nuclear fuel cycle: Fate of actinides SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE COMPLEXATION; URANIUM MINERALOGY; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; WASTE DISPOSAL; PLUTONIUM; IMMOBILIZATION; SOLUBILITY; NEPTUNIUM; CHEMISTRY; AM(III) AB The resurgence of nuclear power as a strategy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has, in parallel, revived interest in the environmental impact of actinides(1) Just as GHG emissions are the main environmental impact of the combustion of fossil fuels, the fate of actinides, consumed and produced by nuclear reactions, determines whether nuclear power is viewed as an environmentally "friendly" source of energy In this article, we summarize the sources of actinides in the nuclear fuel cycle, how actinides are separated by chemical processing, the development of actinide-bearing materials, and the behavior of actinides in the environment At each stage, actinides present a unique and complicated behavior because of the 5f electronic configurations(2) (3) C1 [Ewing, Rodney C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Runde, Wolfgang] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Albrecht-Schmitt, Thomas E.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Ewing, RC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Geol Sci, 1006 CC Little Bldg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU Office of Science [DE-SC0001089]; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U S Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER16026, DE-FG02-06ER15783] FX R C Ewing and T E Albrecht-Schmitt acknowledge support from the Energy Frontier Research Center, Materials Science of Actinides, funded by the Office of Science (DE-SC0001089) Albrecht-Schmitt and Ewing also acknowledge support from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, Heavy Elements Program, U S Department of Energy, under grants DE-FG02-01ER16026 and DE-FG02-06ER15783, respectively NR 58 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 48 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 859 EP 866 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.712 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688OS UT WOS:000284861500011 ER PT J AU Sarrao, JL Haga, Y Ward, RCC AF Sarrao, J. L. Haga, Y. Ward, R. C. C. TI New surprises "down below": Recent successes in the synthesis of actinide materials SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; PLUTONIUM; URANIUM; METAL AB Recent discoveries of novel electronic states, including relatively high-temperature superconductivity, in the actinides point to exciting prospects for future discoveries at the bottom of the periodic table A key ingredient in all of the successes discussed here is the role of high-quality synthesis in enabling advances Results on PuCoGa(5), NpPd(5)Al(2), and single crystal uranium are discussed C1 [Sarrao, J. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Haga, Y.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Ward, R. C. C.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Sarrao, JL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS A127, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 877 EP 882 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.714 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688OS UT WOS:000284861500013 ER PT J AU Soderlind, P Kotliar, G Haule, K Oppeneer, PM Guillaumont, D AF Soderlind, Per Kotliar, G. Haule, K. Oppeneer, P. M. Guillaumont, D. TI Computational modeling of actinide materials and complexes SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; METALS; PU; URANIUM; TRANSITION; SPECTRA AB In spite of being rare, actinide elements provide the building blocks for many fascinating condensed-matter systems, both from an experimental and theoretical perspective Experimental observations of actinide materials are difficult because of rarity, toxicity, radioactivity, and even safety and security Theory, on the other hand, has its own challenges Complex crystal and electronic structures are often encountered in actinide materials, as well as pronounced electron correlation effects Consequently, theoretical modeling of actinide materials and their 5f electronic states is very difficult Here, we review recent theoretical efforts to describe and sometimes predict the behavior of actinide materials and complexes, such as phase stability, including density functional theory (DFT), DFT in conjunction with an additional Coulomb repulsion U(DFT+U), and DFT in combination with dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT) C1 [Soderlind, Per] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Kotliar, G.; Haule, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Oppeneer, P. M.] Uppsala Univ, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. [Guillaumont, D.] French Atom Energy Commiss, Marcoule, France. RP Soderlind, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA USA. RI Guillaumont, Dominique/H-2508-2015 OI Guillaumont, Dominique/0000-0002-9329-5623 FU U S DOE by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE-BES [DE-FG02-99ER45761] FX This work performed under the auspices of the U S DOE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 G K was supported by DOE-BES DE-FG02-99ER45761 NR 76 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 41 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.715 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688OS UT WOS:000284861500014 ER PT J AU Caciuffo, R Buck, EC Clark, DL van der Laan, G AF Caciuffo, R. Buck, E. C. Clark, D. L. van der Laan, G. TI Spectroscopic characterization of actinide materials SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DELTA-PLUTONIUM; PHOTOEMISSION; VALENCE; URANIUM; METALS; FIELD; SCATTERING; STATE AB Advanced spectroscopic techniques provide new and unique tools for unraveling the nature of the electronic structure of actinide materials Inelastic neutron scattering experiments, which address temporal aspects of lattice and magnetic fluctuations, probe electromagnetic multipole interactions and the coupling between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom Nuclear magnetic resonance clearly demonstrates different magnetic ground states at low temperature Photoemission spectroscopy provides information on the occupied part of the electronic density of states and has been used to investigate the momentum-resolved electronic structure and the topology of the Fermi surface in a variety of actinide compounds Furthermore, x-ray absorption and electron energy-loss spectroscopy have been used to probe the relativistic nature, occupation number, and degree of localization of 5f electrons across the actinide series More recently, element- and edge-specific resonant and non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments have provided the opportunity of measuring elementary electronic excitations with higher resolution than traditional absorption techniques Here, we will discuss results from these spectroscopic techniques and what they tell us of the electronic and magnetic properties of selected actinide materials C1 [Caciuffo, R.] Inst Transuranium Elements, Actinide Res Dept, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Buck, E. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Clark, D. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Low Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [van der Laan, G.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Caciuffo, R (reprint author), Inst Transuranium Elements, Actinide Res Dept, Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Clark, David/A-9729-2011; Buck, Edgar/D-4288-2009; Buck, Edgar/N-7820-2013; van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015; OI Buck, Edgar/0000-0001-5101-9084; van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495; Caciuffo, Roberto G. M./0000-0002-8708-6219 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U S DOE FX D C acknowledges support for actinide research from the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U S DOE NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 35 IS 11 BP 889 EP 895 DI 10.1557/mrs2010.716 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 688OS UT WOS:000284861500015 ER PT J AU Guffey, MJ Scherer, NF AF Guffey, Mason J. Scherer, Norbert F. TI All-Optical Patterning of Au Nanoparticles on Surfaces Using Optical Traps SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Optical trapping; optical tweezers; plasmonic; Au; nanoparticle; nanopatterning; directed assembly ID SINGLE GOLD NANORODS; DIELECTRIC PARTICLES; PLASMON RESONANCES; QUANTUM DOTS; TWEEZERS; SUPERLATTICES; MANIPULATION; FORCES; SIZE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The fabrication of nanoscale devices would be greatly enhanced by "nanomanipulators" that can position single and few objects rapidly with nanometer precision and without mechanical damage. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility and precision of an optical laser tweezer, or optical trap, approach to place single gold (Au) nanoparticles on surfaces with high precision (approximately 100 rim standard deviation). The error in the deposition process is rather small but is determined to be larger than the thermal fluctuations of single nanoparticles within the optical trap. Furthermore, areas of tens of square micrometers could be patterned in a matter of minutes. Since the method does not rely on lithography, scanning probes or a specialized surface, it is versatile and compatible with a variety of systems. We discuss active feedback methods to improve positioning accuracy and the potential for multiplexing and automation. C1 [Guffey, Mason J.; Scherer, Norbert F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Guffey, Mason J.; Scherer, Norbert F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Scherer, Norbert F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Scherer, NF (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0616663]; Dreyfus Foundation; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Center For Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Dr. Matthew Pelton and Jelena Pesic for helpful discussions and Dr. Julian Sweet for experimental assistance. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (CHE-0616663) and the Dreyfus Foundation Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry. Additional support was obtained from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (from a SISGR grant) and the Center For Nanoscale Materials at Argonne National Laboratory, both under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dr. Qiti Otto for assistance with the use of central facilities of the NSF-Materials Research Science and Engineer Center (MRSEC: no. 0820054). NR 54 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4302 EP 4308 DI 10.1021/nl904167t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600003 PM 20925400 ER PT J AU Hippalgaonkar, K Huang, BL Chen, RK Sawyer, K Ercius, P Majumdar, A AF Hippalgaonkar, Kedar Huang, Baoling Chen, Renkun Sawyer, Karma Ercius, Peter Majumdar, Arun TI Fabrication of Microdevices with Integrated Nanowires for Investigating Low-Dimensional Phonon Transport SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Silicon nanowires; electron-beam lithography; heat transfer; phonon; thermal conductivity ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMOELECTRIC-MATERIALS; SILICON NANOWIRES; NANOSTRUCTURES; PERFORMANCE; DEVICES; MERIT AB Phonons in low-dimensional structures with feature sizes on the order of the phonon wavelength may be coherently scattered by the boundary. This may give rise to a new regime of heat conduction, which can impact thermal energy transport and conversion. Traditional methods used to investigate phonon transport in one-dimensional structures suffer from uncertainty due to contact resistance, defects, and limited control over sample dimensions, We have developed a new batch-fabrication technique for suspended microdevices with integrated silicon nanowires from silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. The nanowires are defect-free and have extremely high aspect ratios (length/critical dimension >2000). The nanowire dimensions (length and critical dimension) can be precisely controlled during fabrication. With these novel devices, phonon transport in silicon nanowires is systematically investigated. The room temperature thermal conductivity of nanowires with critical width around 80 nm is about 20 W/(m K) and much lower than that in smooth VLS wires. This suggests that the surface morphology of the structures has a significant effect on the thermal conductivity, but, this phenomenon is not currently understood. This fabrication technique can also be used For thermal transport investigation in a wide-range of low-dimensional structures. C1 [Hippalgaonkar, Kedar; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huang, Baoling; Sawyer, Karma; Majumdar, Arun] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chen, Renkun] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ercius, Peter] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Huang, Baoling] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Majumdar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Arun.Majumdar@hq.doe.gov RI Chen, Renkun/J-2400-2014; Huang, Baoling/G-8685-2011; Hippalgaonkar, Kedar/K-2196-2015 OI Chen, Renkun/0000-0001-7526-4981; Huang, Baoling/0000-0001-7507-5371; FU AFOSR MURI [FA9550-08-1-0407]; Office of Basic Energy Science, DOE [DE-AC02-05-CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; A*STAR, Singapore FX We acknowledge support from AFOSR MURI under Grant Number FA9550-08-1-0407 toward thermal measurements and the Office of Basic Energy Science, DOE under Grant DE-AC02-05-CH11231 for fabrication as well as the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank the UC Berkeley Micro/Nanofabrication Facility where most of the clean room Fabrication was performed. We also acknowledge Professor Peidong Yang and his group members Dr. Hung-Ta Wang and Dr. Jinyao Tang for helpful discussions. K.H. thanks A*STAR, Singapore for funding of his graduate studies. NR 21 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4341 EP 4348 DI 10.1021/nl101671r PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600009 PM 20939585 ER PT J AU Tselev, A Luk'yanchuk, IA Ivanov, IN Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Strelcov, E Kolmakov, A Kalinin, SV AF Tselev, A. Luk'yanchuk, I. A. Ivanov, I. N. Budai, J. D. Tischler, J. Z. Strelcov, E. Kolmakov, A. Kalinin, S. V. TI Symmetry Relationship and Strain-Induced Transitions between Insulating M1 and M2 and Metallic R phases of Vanadium Dioxide SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Vanadium dioxide; metal-insulator phase transition; structural transformations; symmetry relationships; Landau-Ginzburg theory; stress-induced phase stabilization ID STRUCTURAL ASPECTS; MOTT TRANSITION; VO2; ORGANIZATION; NANOBEAMS; DOMAINS; DIAGRAM; STRESS AB The ability to synthesize VO2 in the form of single-crystalline nanobeams and nano- and microcrystals uncovered a number of previously unknown aspects of the metal insulator transition (MIT) in this oxide. In particular, several reports demonstrated that the MIT can proceed through competition between two monoclinic (insulating) phases M1 and M2 and the tetragonal (metallic) R phase under influence of strain. The nature of such phase behavior has been not identified. Here we show that the competition between M1 and M2 phases is purely lattice-symmetry-driven. Within the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, both M phases correspond to different directions of the same four-component structural order parameter, and as a consequence, the M2 phase can appear under a small perturbation of the M1 structure such as doping or stress. We analyze the strain-controlled phase diagram of VO2 in the vicinity of the R-M2-M1 triple point using the Ginzburg-Landau formalism and identify and experimentally verify the pathways for strain-control of the transition, These insights open the door toward more systematic approaches to synthesis of VO2 nanostructures in desired phase states and to use of external Fields in the control of the VO2 phase states. Additionally, we report observation of the triclinic T phase at the heterophase domain boundaries in strained quasi-two-dimensional VO2 nanoplatelets, and theoretically predict phases that, have not been previously observed. C1 [Tselev, A.; Ivanov, I. N.; Budai, J. D.; Tischler, J. Z.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luk'yanchuk, I. A.] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, Lab Condensed Matter Phys, F-80039 Amiens, France. [Luk'yanchuk, I. A.] LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Strelcov, E.; Kolmakov, A.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Tselev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tseleva@ornl.gov RI Kolmakov, Andrei/A-9095-2011; Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Strelcov, Evgheni/H-1654-2013; ivanov, ilia/D-3402-2015; Tselev, Alexander/L-8579-2015; Igor, Lukyanchuk/C-4206-2008; Budai, John/R-9276-2016; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; ivanov, ilia/0000-0002-6726-2502; Tselev, Alexander/0000-0002-0098-6696; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE; ANR; NSF [ECCS-0925837]; SISGR-DOE [ERKCM67]; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE; Scientific User Facilities Division of BES, U.S. DOE FX Research at ORNL's Center for Nano-phase Materials Sciences was sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. The work of I.L. was supported by ANR project LOMACOQU. The research at SIUC was supported through NSF ECCS-0925837 and SISGR-DOE ERKCM67. J.D.B. and J.Z.T. were supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. DOE. Use of the APS beamline 34-1D-E was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division of BES, U.S. DOE. NR 41 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 10 U2 107 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4409 EP 4416 DI 10.1021/nl1020443 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600020 PM 20939599 ER PT J AU Xiong, HM Sfeir, MY Gang, O AF Xiong, Huiming Sfeir, Matthew Y. Gang, Oleg TI Assembly, Structure and Optical Response of Three-Dimensional Dynamically Tunable Multicomponent Superlattices SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Assembly; DNA; nanoparticles; plasmonic; fluorescence ID NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLIES; DNA; CRYSTALLIZATION; NANOCRYSTALS; ARRAYS AB We report the successful fabrication of optically active three-dimensional (3D) superlattices that incorporate DNA-encoded components, metallic nanoparticles. and molecular chromophores in well-defined positions. A DNA linker with three distinct binding sites serves as an assembly agent and dynamically tunable structural element for the superlattice. Using small angle X-ray scattering we have revealed the organization of particle-chromophore 3D arrays and monitored their reversible contractions and expansions that were modulated by ionic strength changes. As the distance between the molecular chromophores and plasmonic nanoparticles in the superlactice was regulated in situ, we were able to uncover the relationship between experimentally determined structure and optical response of the system. This dynamical tunability of superlattice results in a dramatic optical response: nearly a three times change of emission rate of the chromophore. The evolution of lifetime with structural changes reasonably agrees with the calculations based on a cumulitative coupling of chromophores with metallic nanoparticles in different coordination shells. C1 [Xiong, Huiming; Sfeir, Matthew Y.; Gang, Oleg] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xiong, Huiming] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. RP Gang, O (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ogang@bnl.gov OI Sfeir, Matthew/0000-0001-5619-5722 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC-02-98CH10866]; Shanghai Pujiang Program [10PJ1405400] FX We are grateful to A. Shytov for the help with calculations, M. Hybertsen for stimulating discussion, D. van der Lelie for suggestions on DNA work, M. Cutlet For advice on confocal microscopy, and A. Govorov for helpful discussion. We thank the Center for Functional Nanomaterials and to the National Synchrotron light Source at Brookhaven National Laborary for use of their facilities. Research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under contract No. DE-AC-02-98CH10866. H.X. thanks support from Shanghai Pujiang Program (10PJ1405400). NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4456 EP 4462 DI 10.1021/nl102273c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600027 PM 20879781 ER PT J AU Chen, P Xu, XS Koenigsmann, C Santulli, AC Wong, SS Musfeldt, JL AF Chen, Peng Xu, Xiaoshan Koenigsmann, Christopher Santulli, Alexander C. Wong, Stanislaus S. Musfeldt, Janice L. TI Size-Dependent Infrared Phonon Modes and Ferroelectric Phase Transition in BiFeO3 Nanoparticles SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Bismuth ferrite; ferroelectric transition; finite size effects; soft mode; lattice dynamics; photovoltaics ID PBTIO3 ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SOFT MODES; BATIO3; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURES; SYSTEMS; FILMS AB One emergent property of ferroelectric nanoparticles is the sized-induced structural distortion to a high-symmetry paraelectric phase at small particle sizes. Finite length scale effects cars thus be advantageously employed to elucidate ferroelectric transition mechanisms. in this work, we combine infrared spectroscopy with group theory and lattice dynamics calculations to reveal the displacive nature of the ferroelectric transition in BiFeO3, a room temperature multiferroic. Systematic intensity and frequency trends in selected vibrational modes show that the paraelectric phase is Pm (3) over barm and the lowest frequency A(1) feature is the soft mode that drives Me first order transition. Finite length scale effects are also evident in the electronic structure with a red-shifted band gap in nanoscale BiFeO3 compared with that of the rhombohedral film, a result that can impact the development of ferroelectric photovoltaics and oxide-based electronics. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the foundational importance of size effects for enhancing the rich functionality and broad utility of transition metal oxides. C1 [Chen, Peng; Xu, Xiaoshan; Musfeldt, Janice L.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Koenigsmann, Christopher; Santulli, Alexander C.; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Musfeldt, JL (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM musfeldt@utk.edu RI Xu, Xiaoshan/B-1255-2009; Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 OI Xu, Xiaoshan/0000-0002-4363-392X; FU Materials Science Division, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45885, DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Materials Science Division, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy (Contract Nos. DE-FG02-01ER45885 at UT and DE-AC02-98CH10886 at SB/BNL). We thank S.-W. Cheong and R. N. Compton for useful discussions. NR 48 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 7 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4526 EP 4532 DI 10.1021/nl102470f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600039 PM 20929203 ER PT J AU Folven, E Tybell, T Scholl, A Young, A Retterer, ST Takamura, Y Grepstad, JK AF Folven, Erik Tybell, Thomas Scholl, Andreas Young, Anthony Retterer, Scott T. Takamura, Yayoi Grepstad, Jostein K. TI Antiferromagnetic Domain Reconfiguration in Embedded LaFeO3 Thin Film Nanostructures SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antiferromagnetic nanostructures; domain engineering; edge effects; XMLD-PEEM ID EXCHANGE BIAS; NICKEL-OXIDE; ANISOTROPY; SURFACE; MODEL AB Using photoemission electron microscopy in combination with X-ray magnetic linear dichroism, we report reconfiguration upon nanostructuring of the antiferromagnetic domain structure in epitaxial LaFeO3 thin films. Antiferromagnetic (AFM) nanoislands were synthesized using a dedicated process. devised to define nanostructures with magnetic order embedded in a paramagnetic matrix. Significant impact on the AFM domain configuration was observed. Extended domains were found to form along edges parallel to the in-plane < 100 > crystalline axes of the cubic substrate, with their AFM spin axis parallel to the edge. No such edge-imposed domain configuration was found for nanoislands defined with the edges at 45 degrees with the in-plane crystalline axes. Epitaxial constraints on the film crystalline structure appear to play an important role in the formation of the edge-bound extended AFM domains. The data indicate a magnetostatic origin of this domain reconfiguration. C1 [Folven, Erik; Tybell, Thomas; Grepstad, Jostein K.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Telecommun, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Scholl, Andreas; Young, Anthony] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Retterer, Scott T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Takamura, Yayoi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Folven, E (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect & Telecommun, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM folven@iei.ninu.no RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Tybell, Thomas/B-8297-2013; Folven, Erik/D-5218-2013; Scholl, Andreas/K-4876-2012 OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Tybell, Thomas/0000-0003-0787-8476; Folven, Erik/0000-0003-4036-0505; FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy; Norwegian Research Council [176656] FX The authors thank Professor N. Spaldin for stimulating discussions and Professor Y. Suzuki and Dr. E.-J. Kim for help with the MFM measurements. We are grateful for access to the PEEM-3 beamline at the Advanced Light Source (LBNL) and the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (ORNL), sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. Partial funding for these experiments was obtained From the Norwegian Research Council under Contract No. 176656. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4578 EP 4583 DI 10.1021/nl1025908 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600048 PM 20942384 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Torres, CM Song, EB Tang, JS Bai, JW Duan, XF Zhang, YG Wang, KL AF Xu, Guangyu Torres, Carlos M., Jr. Song, Emil B. Tang, Jianshi Bai, Jingwei Duan, Xiangfeng Zhang, Yuegang Wang, Kang L. TI Enhanced Conductance Fluctuation by Quantum Confinement Effect in Graphene Nanoribbons SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene nanoribbon; quantum transport; low-frequency noise; electrical probing; band structure ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; CHANNEL; DEVICES; WIRES AB Conductance fluctuation is usually unavoidable in graphene nanoribbons (GNR) due to the presence of disorder along its edges. By measuring the low-frequency noise in GNR devices, we find that the conductance fluctuation is strongly correlated with the density-of-states of GNR. In single-layer GNR, the gate-dependence of noise shows peaks whose positions quantitatively match the subband positions in the band structures of GNR. This correlation provides a robust mechanism to electrically probe the band structure of GNR, especially when the subband structures are smeared out. in conductance measurement. C1 [Xu, Guangyu; Torres, Carlos M., Jr.; Song, Emil B.; Tang, Jianshi; Wang, Kang L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bai, Jingwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Duan, Xiangfeng] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zhang, Yuegang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM guangyu@ee.ucla.edu; yzhang5@lbl.gov RI Bai, Jingwei/G-4245-2012; Zhang, Y/E-6600-2011; Tang, Jianshi/I-5543-2014 OI Zhang, Y/0000-0003-0344-8399; Tang, Jianshi/0000-0001-8369-0067 FU MARCO Focus Center on Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are thankful for helpful discussions with F. Miao. Y. Zhou, X. Zhang. and I. Ovchinnikov and experimental support from S. Aloni and T. Kuy-Kendall. This work was in part supported by MARCO Focus Center on Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics and the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4590 EP 4594 DI 10.1021/nl1025979 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600050 PM 20939609 ER PT J AU Holt, JM Ferguson, AJ Kopidakis, N Larsen, BA Bult, J Rumbles, G Blackburn, JL AF Holt, Josh M. Ferguson, Andrew J. Kopidakis, Nikos Larsen, Brian A. Bult, Justin Rumbles, Garry Blackburn, Jeffrey L. TI Prolonging Charge Separation in P3HT-SWNT Composites Using Highly Enriched Semiconducting Nanotubes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Single-walled carbon nanotubes; P3HT; charge generation; charge recombination; time-resolved microwave conductivity; organic photovoltaic; polythiophene ID CARBON NANOTUBES; FILMS; EFFICIENCY AB Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have potential as electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but the currently low-power conversion efficiencies of devices remain largely unexplained. We demonstrate effective redispersion of isolated, highly enriched semiconducting and metallic SWNTs into poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). We use these enriched blends to provide the first experimental evidence of the negative impact of metallic nanotubes. Time-resolved microwave conductivity reveals that the long-lived carrier population can be significantly increased by incorporating highly enriched semiconducting SWNTs into semiconducting polymer composites. C1 [Holt, Josh M.; Ferguson, Andrew J.; Kopidakis, Nikos; Larsen, Brian A.; Bult, Justin; Rumbles, Garry; Blackburn, Jeffrey L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Blackburn, JL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jeffrey.blackburn@nrel.gov RI Holt, Josh/G-8094-2011; Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012; Larsen, Brian/B-4807-2008; Rumbles, Garry/A-3045-2014; Kopidakis, Nikos/N-4777-2015; OI Rumbles, Garry/0000-0003-0776-1462; Ferguson, Andrew/0000-0003-2544-1753 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work was funded by the Solar Photochemistry program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 to NREL. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 54 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4627 EP 4633 DI 10.1021/nl102753z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600056 PM 20939586 ER PT J AU See, KC Feser, JP Chen, CE Majumdar, A Urban, JJ Segalman, RA AF See, Kevin C. Feser, Joseph P. Chen, Cynthia E. Majumdar, Arun Urban, Jeffrey J. Segalman, Rachel A. TI Water-Processable Polymer-Nanocrystal Hybrids for Thermoelectrics SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Thermoelectrics; nanocomposites; conducting polymer; nanocrystals; solution process ID OPTIMIZATION; ENHANCEMENT; PERFORMANCE; TRANSISTORS; NANOWIRES; ANTIMONY; BISMUTH; DEVICES; ALLOYS; PEDOT AB We report the synthesis and thermoelectric characterization of composite nanocrystals composed of a tellurium core functionalized with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). Solution processed nanocrystal films electronically out perform both PEDOT:PSS and unfunctionalized Te nanorods while retaining a polymeric thermal conductivity, resulting in a room temperature ZT similar to 0.1. This combination of electronic and thermal transport indicates the potential for tailored transport in nanoscale organic/inorganic heterostructures. C1 [See, Kevin C.; Urban, Jeffrey J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [See, Kevin C.; Chen, Cynthia E.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Feser, Joseph P.; Majumdar, Arun] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, Arun] US DOE, ARPA E, Washington, DC 20585 USA. [See, Kevin C.; Majumdar, Arun; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Urban, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 67 R4110, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jjurban@lbl.gov; segalman@berkeley.edu OI Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU Department of Energy BES-LBL; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231s] FX We gratefully acknowledge support through the Department of Energy BES-LBL Thermoelectrics Program. This work was partially performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231s. We also gratefully acknowledge Dr. Shaul Aloni for assistance in obtaining the High-Resolution TEM images and associated EELS mapping. NR 32 TC 180 Z9 183 U1 22 U2 218 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4664 EP 4667 DI 10.1021/nl102880k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600062 PM 20923178 ER PT J AU Wells, NP Lessard, GA Goodwin, PM Phipps, ME Cutler, PJ Lidke, DS Wilson, BS Werner, JH AF Wells, Nathan P. Lessard, Guillaume A. Goodwin, Peter M. Phipps, Mary E. Cutler, Patrick J. Lidke, Diane S. Wilson, Bridget S. Werner, James H. TI Time-Resolved Three-Dimensional Molecular Tracking in Live Cells SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Quantum dot; single molecule; fluorescence; tracking; microscopy; cell ID QUANTUM-DOT TRACKING; PARTICLE-TRACKING; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; LIVING CELLS; FLUORESCENCE; DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; MEMBRANE; LOCALIZATION; MICROSCOPY AB We report a method for tracking individual quantum dot (QD) labeled proteins inside of live cells that uses four overlapping confocal volume elements and active feedback once every 5 ms to follow three-dimensional molecular motion. This method has substantial advantages over three-dimensional molecular tracking methods based upon charge-coupled device cameras, including increased Z-tracking range (10 mu m demonstrated here), substantially lower excitation powers (15 mu W used here), and the ability to perform time-resolved spectroscopy (such as fluorescence lifetime measurements or fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) on the molecules being tracked. In particular, we show For the First time fluorescence photon antibunching of individual QD labeled proteins in live cells and demonstrate the ability to track individual dye-labeled nucleotides (Cy5-dUTP) at biologically relevant transport rates. To demonstrate the power of these methods for exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of live cells, we follow individual QD-labeled IgE-Fc epsilon RI receptors both on and inside rat mast cells. Trajectories of receptors on the plasma membrane reveal three-dimensional, nanoscale features of the cell surface topology. During later stages of the signal transduction cascade, clusters of QED labeled IgE-Fc epsilon RI were captured in the act of ligand-mediated endocytosis and tracked during rapid (similar to 950 nm/s) vesicular transit through the cell. C1 [Wells, Nathan P.; Lessard, Guillaume A.; Goodwin, Peter M.; Phipps, Mary E.; Werner, James H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Cutler, Patrick J.; Lidke, Diane S.; Wilson, Bridget S.] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Werner, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jwerner@lanl.gov RI Wells, Nathan/B-8744-2014; OI Werner, James/0000-0002-7616-8913 FU National Institutes of Health [R21AI07707, A1051575, P50GM065794]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health (No. R21AI07707 to J.H.W., A1051575 to and P50GM065794) and was performed at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility, Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 34 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 49 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 10 IS 11 BP 4732 EP 4737 DI 10.1021/nl103247v PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 676JQ UT WOS:000283907600074 PM 20957984 ER PT J AU Li, C Li, G Shen, CM Hui, C Tian, JF Du, SX Zhang, ZY Gao, HJ AF Li, Chen Li, Guo Shen, Chengmin Hui, Chao Tian, Jifa Du, Shixuan Zhang, Zhenyu Gao, Hong-Jun TI Atomic-scale tuning of self-assembled ZnO microscopic patterns: from dendritic fractals to compact island SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION; GROWTH; NANOBELTS; FLUCTUATIONS; NANORINGS AB How nature uses water molecules to create fascinating patterns ranging from snowflakes to ice cubes has intrigued mankind for centuries. Here we use ZnO to mimic nature's versatility in creating microscopic patterns with tunable morphology. During growth of ZnO on Zn-dominant spheres via chemical vapor deposition, highly regular and symmetric dendritic snowflake patterns and smooth compact islands can be obtained at different growth conditions. We reproduce the dendritic patterns using atomistic Monte Carlo simulations. These findings not only improve understanding of how water molecules form various patterns, but may also be instrumental in tailoring ZnO nanostructures for desirable functionality. C1 [Li, Chen; Li, Guo; Shen, Chengmin; Hui, Chao; Tian, Jifa; Du, Shixuan; Gao, Hong-Jun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Zhang, Zhenyu] Univ Sci & Technol China, ICQD, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Gao, HJ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM hjgao@iphy.ac.cn RI IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013; Du, Shixuan/K-7145-2012; Li, Chen/C-4019-2014; Shen, Chengmin/M-6697-2014; Hui, Chao/G-2769-2013; Li, Guo/H-1096-2015; Tian, Jifa/C-4047-2013 OI Du, Shixuan/0000-0001-9323-1307; Li, Chen/0000-0001-9839-6100; Shen, Chengmin/0000-0003-4716-9367; Hui, Chao/0000-0002-2886-4957; Li, Guo/0000-0003-4884-3843; Tian, Jifa/0000-0003-2921-470X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China; National "863" program of China; National "973" program of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-0906025] FX We thank Brandon Bell for a critical reading of the ms. The project was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, National "863" and "973" programs of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in part by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, and by the U.S. National Science Foundation with grant # DMR-0906025. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 12 BP 2557 EP 2560 DI 10.1039/c0nr00421a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 705UY UT WOS:000286167400006 PM 20714657 ER PT J AU Bruning, JB Parent, AA Gil, G Zhao, M Nowak, J Pace, MC Smith, CL Afonine, PV Adams, PD Katzenellenbogen, JA Nettles, KW AF Bruning, John B. Parent, Alexander A. Gil, German Zhao, Min Nowak, Jason Pace, Margaret C. Smith, Carolyn L. Afonine, Pavel V. Adams, Paul D. Katzenellenbogen, John A. Nettles, Kendall W. TI Coupling of receptor conformation and ligand orientation determine graded activity SO NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; STRUCTURAL BASIS; TYROSINE KINASE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; BINDING DOMAIN; X RECEPTOR; PROTEIN; ANTAGONISM; AGONISTS AB Small molecules stabilize specific protein conformations from a larger ensemble, enabling molecular switches that control diverse cellular functions. We show here that the converse also holds true: the conformational state of the estrogen-receptor can direct distinct orientations of the bound ligand. 'Gain-of-allostery' mutations that mimic the effects of ligand in driving protein conformation allowed crystallization of the partial agonist ligand WAY-169916 with both the canonical active and inactive-conformations of the estrogen receptor. The intermediate transcriptional activity induced by WAY-169916 is-associated with the ligand binding differently to the active and inactive conformations of the receptor. Analyses of a series of chemical derivatives demonstrated that altering the ensemble of ligand binding orientations changes signaling output. The coupling of different ligand binding orientations to distinct active and inactive protein conformations defines a new mechanism for titrating allosteric signaling activity. C1 [Bruning, John B.; Gil, German; Zhao, Min; Nowak, Jason; Nettles, Kendall W.] Scripps Florida, Scripps Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Jupiter, FL USA. [Parent, Alexander A.; Katzenellenbogen, John A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Pace, Margaret C.; Smith, Carolyn L.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Afonine, Pavel V.; Adams, Paul D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bruning, JB (reprint author), Scripps Florida, Scripps Res Inst, Dept Canc Biol, Jupiter, FL USA. EM knettles@scripps.edu RI Adams, Paul/A-1977-2013 OI Adams, Paul/0000-0001-9333-8219 FU US National Institutes of Health [PHS R37 DK15556, DK53002, CA132022, DK077085]; Frenchman's Creek Women for Cancer Research FX This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health PHS R37 DK15556 (J.A.K.), DK53002 (C.L.S.), CA132022 and DK077085 (K.W.N.) and the Frenchman's Creek Women for Cancer Research (G.G.). We would like to thank J. Cleveland for comments on the manuscript, L. Potterton and S. McNicholas (University of York) for help with CCP4MG and K. Carlson (University of Illinois) for performing the ER alpha ligand-binding assays. NR 48 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1552-4450 J9 NAT CHEM BIOL JI Nat. Chem. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 BP 837 EP 843 DI 10.1038/NCHEMBIO.451 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 667MP UT WOS:000283197800013 PM 20924370 ER PT J AU Goldman, N Reed, EJ Fried, LE Kuo, IFW Maiti, A AF Goldman, Nir Reed, Evan J. Fried, Laurence E. Kuo, I. -F. William Maiti, Amitesh TI Synthesis of glycine-containing complexes in impacts of comets on early Earth SO NATURE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMINO-ACIDS; SHOCK-WAVES; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; DENSITY; WATER; COMPRESSION; SIMULATION; PEPTIDES; PRESSURE; DELIVERY AB Delivery of prebiotic compounds to early Earth from an impacting comet is thought to be an unlikely mechanism for the origins of life because of unfavourable chemical conditions on the planet and the high heat from impact. In contrast, we find that impact-induced shock compression of cometary ices followed by expansion to ambient conditions can produce complexes that resemble the amino acid glycine. Our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that shock waves drive the synthesis of transient C-N bonded oligomers at extreme pressures and temperatures. On post impact quenching to lower pressures, the oligomers break apart to form a metastable glycine-containing complex. We show that impact from cometary ice could possibly yield amino acids by a synthetic route independent of the pre-existing atmospheric conditions and materials on the planet. C1 [Goldman, Nir; Reed, Evan J.; Fried, Laurence E.; Kuo, I. -F. William; Maiti, Amitesh] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goldman, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM goldman14@llnl.gov RI Fried, Laurence/L-8714-2014 OI Fried, Laurence/0000-0002-9437-7700 FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL [06-ERD-037] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The project 06-ERD-037 was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL. Computations were performed at LLNL using the massively parallel computers Thunder, ATLAS, uP, UM, UV, Gauss and Prism. We acknowledge L. Krauss for help with constructing the graphics in Figs 2 and 4. NR 50 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 22 U2 128 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1755-4330 J9 NAT CHEM JI Nat. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 2 IS 11 BP 949 EP 954 DI 10.1038/NCHEM.827 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 669MG UT WOS:000283354300014 PM 20966951 ER PT J AU Zeng, B Mu, G Luo, HQ Xiang, T Mazin, II Yang, H Shan, L Ren, C Dai, PC Wen, HH AF Zeng, B. Mu, G. Luo, H. Q. Xiang, T. Mazin, I. I. Yang, H. Shan, L. Ren, C. Dai, P. C. Wen, H. -H. TI Anisotropic structure of the order parameter in FeSe0.45Te0.55 revealed by angle-resolved specific heat SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID D-WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; VORTEX STATE AB The central issues for understanding iron (Fe)-based superconductors are the symmetry and structure of the superconducting gap. So far the experimental data and theoretical models have been highly controversial. Some experiments favor two or more constant or nearly constant gaps, others indicate strong anisotropy and yet others suggest gap zeros ('nodes'). A unique method for addressing this issue, and one of very few methods that are bulk and angle resolved, is measuring the electronic-specific heat in a rotating magnetic field. In this study, we present the first such measurement for an Fe-based high-T-c superconductor. We observed a fourfold oscillation of the specific heat as a function of the in-plane magnetic field direction. Our results are consistent with the expectations for an extended s-wave model, with a significant gap anisotropy on the electron pockets and the gap minima along the Gamma M (Fe-Fe bond) direction. C1 [Zeng, B.; Mu, G.; Luo, H. Q.; Xiang, T.; Yang, H.; Shan, L.; Ren, C.; Dai, P. C.; Wen, H. -H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Zeng, B.; Mu, G.; Luo, H. Q.; Xiang, T.; Yang, H.; Shan, L.; Ren, C.; Dai, P. C.; Wen, H. -H.] Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Mazin, I. I.] USN, Code 6391, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, H.; Wen, H. -H.] Nanjing Univ, Natl Lab Solid State Microstruct, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Yang, H.; Wen, H. -H.] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Dai, P. C.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dai, P. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wen, HH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Natl Lab Superconduct, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM hhwen@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Mu, Gang/G-9407-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Luo, Huiqian/F-4049-2012; Zeng, Bin/O-3370-2013 OI Mu, Gang/0000-0001-5676-4702; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Zeng, Bin/0000-0002-0090-4371 FU Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB605900, 2006CB921802]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Office of the Naval Research; US DOE, BES, through DOE [DE-FG02-05ER46202]; Division of Scientific User Facilities FX We thank A. Chubukov, P. Hirschfeld, K. Kuroki, D. H. Lee, Y. Matsuda, T. Shibauchi, I. Vekhter and F. Wang for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (973 Projects No. 2011CB605900, No. 2006CB921802), and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Project ITSNEM). I. I. M. was supported by the Office of the Naval Research. P. C. D. was supported by the US DOE, BES, through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202 and Division of Scientific User Facilities. NR 47 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 38 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 AR 112 DI 10.1038/ncomms1115 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 732YE UT WOS:000288224800010 ER PT J AU Jones, MR Macfarlane, RJ Lee, B Zhang, JA Young, KL Senesi, AJ Mirkin, CA AF Jones, Matthew R. Macfarlane, Robert J. Lee, Byeongdu Zhang, Jian Young, Kaylie L. Senesi, Andrew J. Mirkin, Chad A. TI DNA-nanoparticle superlattices formed from anisotropic building blocks SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL CRYSTALLIZATION; GOLD NANORODS; ORGANIZATION; NANOCRYSTALS; MOLECULES AB Directional bonding interactions in solid-state atomic lattices dictate the unique symmetries of atomic crystals, resulting in a diverse and complex assortment of three-dimensional structures that exhibit a wide variety of material properties. Methods to create analogous nanoparticle superlattices are beginning to be realized(1-5), but the concept of anisotropy is still largely underdeveloped in most particle assembly schemes(6). Some examples provide interesting methods to take advantage of anisotropic effects(7-11), but most are able to make only small clusters or lattices that are limited in crystallinity and especially in lattice parameter programmability(12-17). Anisotropic nanoparticles can be used to impart directional bonding interactions on the nanoscale(6,18), both through face-selective functionalization of the particle with recognition elements to introduce the concept of valency(19-21), and through anisotropic interactions resulting from particle shape(13,22). In this work, we examine the concept of inherent shape-directed crystallization in the context of DNA-mediated nanoparticle assembly. Importantly, we show how the anisotropy of these particles can be used to synthesize one-, two-and three-dimensional structures that cannot be made through the assembly of spherical particles. C1 [Jones, Matthew R.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Jones, Matthew R.; Macfarlane, Robert J.; Zhang, Jian; Young, Kaylie L.; Senesi, Andrew J.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Macfarlane, Robert J.; Zhang, Jian; Young, Kaylie L.; Senesi, Andrew J.; Mirkin, Chad A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jones, MR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM chadnano@northwestern.edu RI Zhang, Jian/A-5133-2010; Mirkin, Chad/E-3911-2010; OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805; Jones, Matthew/0000-0002-9289-291X FU NSF-NSEC; AFOSR; DOE Office through the NU Nonequilibrium Energy Research Center [DE-SC0000989]; DoD; Northwestern University; NSF; NDSEG; E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co.; Dow Chemical Company; State of Illinois; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NU Office for Research FX C.A.M. acknowledges the NSF-NSEC and the AFOSR for grant support, and the DOE Office (Award No. DE-SC0000989) for support through the NU Nonequilibrium Energy Research Center. He is also grateful for an NSSEF Fellowship from the DoD. M.R.J. acknowledges Northwestern University for a Ryan Fellowship and the NSF for a Graduate Research Fellowship. R.J.M. acknowledges Northwestern University for a Ryan Fellowship. K.L.Y. acknowledges the NSF and the NDSEG for Graduate Research Fellowships. Portions of this work were carried out at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) beamline located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and the State of Illinois. Use of the APS was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The transmission electron microscope work was carried out in the EPIC facility of NUANCE Center at Northwestern University. NUANCE Center is supported by NSF-NSEC, NSF-MRSEC, Keck Foundation, the State of Illinois and Northwestern University. Ultrathin sectioning was carried out at the Northwestern University Biological Imaging Facility supported by the NU Office for Research. NR 32 TC 335 Z9 338 U1 23 U2 258 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 11 BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.1038/NMAT2870 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 669MA UT WOS:000283353700021 PM 20890281 ER PT J AU Zhang, CJ Grass, ME McDaniel, AH DeCaluwe, SC El Gabaly, F Liu, Z McCarty, KF Farrow, RL Linne, MA Hussain, Z Jackson, GS Bluhm, H Eichhorn, BW AF Zhang, Chunjuan Grass, Michael E. McDaniel, Anthony H. DeCaluwe, Steven C. El Gabaly, Farid Liu, Zhi McCarty, Kevin F. Farrow, Roger L. Linne, Mark A. Hussain, Zahid Jackson, Gregory S. Bluhm, Hendrik Eichhorn, Bryan W. TI Measuring fundamental properties in operating solid oxide electrochemical cells by using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; REFERENCE ELECTRODE; AMBIENT-PRESSURE; OXYGEN VACANCIES; CERIA; ANODE; OXIDATION; SURFACES; CATHODES; SPECTRA AB Photoelectron spectroscopic measurements have the potential to provide detailed mechanistic insight by resolving chemical states, electrochemically active regions and local potentials or potential losses in operating solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs), such as fuel cells. However, high-vacuum requirements have limited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of electrochemical cells to ex situ investigations. Using a combination of ambient-pressure XPS and CeO(2-x)/YSZ/Pt single-chamber cells, we carry out in situ spectroscopy to probe oxidation states of all exposed surfaces in operational SOCs at 750 degrees C in 1 mbar reactant gases H(2) and H(2)O. Kinetic energy shifts of core-level photoelectron spectra provide a direct measure of the local surface potentials and a basis for calculating local overpotentials across exposed interfaces. The mixed ionic/electronic conducting CeO(2-x) electrodes undergo Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) oxidation-reduction changes with applied bias. The simultaneous measurements of local surface Ce oxidation states and electric potentials reveal the active ceria regions during H(2) electro-oxidation and H(2)O electrolysis. The active regions extend similar to 150 mu m from the current collectors and are not limited by the three-phase-boundary interfaces associated with other SOC materials. The persistence of the Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) shifts in the similar to 150 mu m active region suggests that the surface reaction kinetics and lateral electron transport on the thin ceria electrodes are co-limiting processes. C1 [Zhang, Chunjuan; Eichhorn, Bryan W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grass, Michael E.; Liu, Zhi; Hussain, Zahid] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McDaniel, Anthony H.; El Gabaly, Farid; McCarty, Kevin F.; Farrow, Roger L.; Linne, Mark A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [DeCaluwe, Steven C.; Jackson, Gregory S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bluhm, Hendrik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, CJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gsjackso@umd.edu; hbluhm@lbl.gov; eichhorn@umd.edu RI DeCaluwe, Steven/B-6074-2011; McCarty, Kevin/F-9368-2012; Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009; Jackson, Gregory/N-9919-2014 OI McCarty, Kevin/0000-0002-8601-079X; Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561; Jackson, Gregory/0000-0002-8928-2459 FU ONR [N000140510711]; University of Maryland Nanocenter; University of Maryland Energy Research Center (UMERC); Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was financially supported by the ONR through Contract number N000140510711. We thank the University of Maryland Nanocenter and the University of Maryland Energy Research Center (UMERC) for support. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Work at Sandia National Laboratories is supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development programme under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000 of the United States Department of Energy NR 44 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 17 U2 236 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 9 IS 11 BP 944 EP 949 DI 10.1038/nmat2851 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 669MA UT WOS:000283353700026 PM 20871607 ER PT J AU Gerhard, L Yamada, TK Balashov, T Takacs, AF Wesselink, RJH Dane, M Fechner, M Ostanin, S Ernst', A Mertig, I Wulfhekel, W AF Gerhard, L. Yamada, T. K. Balashov, T. Takacs, A. F. Wesselink, R. J. H. Daene, M. Fechner, M. Ostanin, S. Ernst', A. Mertig, I. Wulfhekel, W. TI Magnetoelectric coupling at metal surfaces SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; NANOSTRUCTURES; FERROMAGNETS; DENSITY; ENERGY AB Magnetoelectric coupling allows the magnetic state of a material to be changed by an applied electric field. To date, this phenomenon has mainly been observed in insulating materials such as complex multiferroic oxides. Bulk metallic systems do not exhibit magnetoelectric coupling, because applied electric fields are screened by conduction electrons. We demonstrate strong magnetoelectric coupling at the surface of thin iron films using the electric field from a scanning tunnelling microscope, and are able to write, store and read information to areas with sides of a few nanometres. Our work demonstrates that high-density, non-volatile information storage is possible in metals. C1 [Gerhard, L.; Yamada, T. K.; Balashov, T.; Wesselink, R. J. H.; Wulfhekel, W.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Takacs, A. F.] Univ Babes Bolyai, Fac Phys, Cluj Napoca 400084, Romania. [Yamada, T. K.] Chiba Univ, Grad Sch Adv Integrat Sci, Chiba 2638522, Japan. [Daene, M.; Fechner, M.; Ostanin, S.; Ernst', A.; Mertig, I.] Max Planck Inst Mikrostrukturphys, D-06120 Halle, Germany. [Daene, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mertig, I.] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Phys, D-06099 Halle, Germany. RP Gerhard, L (reprint author), Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, Wolfgang Gaede Str 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM wulf.wulfhekel@kit.edu RI Takacs, Albert /B-7280-2011; Wulfhekel, Wulf/E-2533-2011; Ernst, Arthur/K-1836-2012; Dane, Markus/H-6731-2013; OI Wulfhekel, Wulf/0000-0001-6890-643X; Dane, Markus/0000-0001-9301-8469; Balashov, Timofey/0000-0003-0966-7920 FU Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; CNCSIS-UEFISCSU; [Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 762] FX This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the CNCSIS-UEFISCSU and the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 762, 'Functionality of Oxidic Interfaces'. The authors thank P.J. Kelly for careful reading of the manuscript, and H.L. Meyerheim, Z. Szotek and W.M. Temmerman for many stimulating discussions. A.E. thanks V.M. Kuznetsov and T.A. Shabunina for their help and support during his stay at the Tomsk State University. Calculations were performed at the John von Neumann Institute in Julich and Rechenzentrum Garching of the Max Planck Society (Germany). NR 29 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 5 IS 11 BP 792 EP 797 DI 10.1038/NNANO.2010.214 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 675RH UT WOS:000283847800015 PM 21037573 ER PT J AU Wray, LA Xu, SY Xia, YQ Hor, YS Qian, D Fedorov, AV Lin, H Bansil, A Cava, RJ Hasan, MZ AF Wray, L. Andrew Xu, Su-Yang Xia, Yuqi Hor, Yew San Qian, Dong Fedorov, Alexei V. Lin, Hsin Bansil, Arun Cava, Robert J. Hasan, M. Zahid TI Observation of topological order in a superconducting doped topological insulator SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Experimental observation of topological order in three-dimensional bulk solids has recently led to a flurry of research activity(1-21). Unlike the two-dimensional electron gas or quantum Hall systems, three-dimensional topological insulators can harbour superconductivity and magnetism, making it possible to study the interplay between topologically ordered phases and broken-symmetry states. One outcome of this interplay is the possible realization of Majorana fermions-quasiparticles that are their own antiparticles-on topological surfaces, which is of great interest in fundamental physics(9-13,22-24). Here we present measurements of the bulk and surface electron dynamics in Bi2Se3 doped with copper with a transition temperature T-c up to 3.8 K, observing its topological character for the first time. Our data show that superconductivity occurs in a bulk relativistic quasiparticle regime where an unusual doping mechanism causes the spin-polarized topological surface states to remain well preserved at the Fermi level of the superconductor where Cooper pairing takes place. These results suggest that the electron dynamics in superconducting Bi2Se3 are suitable for trapping non-Abelian Majorana fermions. Details of our observations constitute important clues for developing a general theory of topological superconductivity in doped topological insulators. C1 [Wray, L. Andrew; Xu, Su-Yang; Xia, Yuqi; Qian, Dong; Hasan, M. Zahid] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wray, L. Andrew] Princeton Univ, Princeton Ctr Comples Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wray, L. Andrew; Fedorov, Alexei V.; Hasan, M. Zahid] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94305 USA. [Hor, Yew San; Cava, Robert J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, Hsin; Bansil, Arun] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hasan, M. Zahid] Princeton Univ, Princeton Inst Sci & Technol Mat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hasan, MZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Joseph Henry Labs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mzhasan@Princeton.edu RI HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012; Qian, Dong/O-1028-2015; Lin, Hsin/F-9568-2012 OI Lin, Hsin/0000-0002-4688-2315 FU Basic Energy Sciences of the US DOE [DE-FG-02-05ER46200, AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-07ER46352]; NSF [NSF/DMR-0819860]; A.P. Sloan Foundation FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with L. Fu, A. Kitaev, F. D. M. Haldane and A. Ludwig. The synchrotron X-ray-based measurements and theoretical computations are supported by the Basic Energy Sciences of the US DOE (DE-FG-02-05ER46200, AC03-76SF00098 and DE-FG02-07ER46352). We are grateful for beamline support from S.K. Mo, D. Lu and R. Moore. Materials growth and characterization are supported by NSF/DMR-0819860. M.Z.H. acknowledges additional support from the A.P. Sloan Foundation. NR 30 TC 192 Z9 193 U1 17 U2 123 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 BP 855 EP 859 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1762 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674EC UT WOS:000283715900015 ER PT J AU Nazin, G Zhang, Y Zhang, L Sutter, E Sutter, P AF Nazin, G. Zhang, Y. Zhang, L. Sutter, E. Sutter, P. TI Visualization of charge transport through Landau levels in graphene SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM HALL REGIME; EDGE CHANNELS; TRANSISTOR AB Band bending and the associated spatially inhomogeneous population of Landau levels play a central role in the physics of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) by constraining the pathways for charge-carrier transport and scattering(1). Recent progress in understanding such effects in low-dimensional carrier gases in conventional semiconductors has been achieved by real-space mapping using local probes(2,3). Here, we use spatially resolved photocurrent measurements in the QHE regime to study the correlation between the distribution of Landau levels and the macroscopic transport characteristics in graphene. Spatial maps show that the net photocurrent is determined by hot carriers transported to the periphery of the graphene channel, where QHE edge states provide efficient pathways for their extraction to the contacts. The photocurrent is sensitive to the local filling factor, which allows us to reconstruct the local charge density in the entire conducting channel of a graphene device. C1 [Nazin, G.; Sutter, E.; Sutter, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Zhang, Y.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Zhang, L.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutter, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM psutter@bnl.gov RI Zhang, Liyuan/L-8616-2016 OI Zhang, Liyuan/0000-0001-7968-3294 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH1-886]; NSF [DMR-0705131] FX Work carried out under the auspices of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-98CH1-886. Y.Z. acknowledges financial support from NSF contract DMR-0705131. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 BP 870 EP 874 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1745 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674EC UT WOS:000283715900018 ER PT J AU Holzner, C Feser, M Vogt, S Hornberger, B Baines, SB Jacobsen, C AF Holzner, Christian Feser, Michael Vogt, Stefan Hornberger, Benjamin Baines, Stephen B. Jacobsen, Chris TI Zernike phase contrast in scanning microscopy with X-rays SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MICROPROBE; AMPLITUDE AB Scanning X-ray microscopy focuses radiation to a small spot and probes the sample by raster scanning. It allows information to be obtained from secondary signals such as X-ray fluorescence, which yields an elemental mapping of the sample not available in full-field imaging. The analysis and interpretation from these secondary signals can be considerably enhanced if these data are coupled with structural information from transmission imaging. However, absorption often is negligible and phase contrast has not been easily available. Originally introduced with visible light, Zernike phase contrast(1) is a well-established technique in full-field X-ray microscopes for visualization of weakly absorbing samples(2-7). On the basis of reciprocity, we demonstrate the implementation of Zernike phase contrast in scanning X-ray microscopy, revealing structural detail simultaneously with hard-X-ray trace-element measurements. The method is straightforward to implement without significant influence on the resolution of the fluorescence images and delivers complementary information. We show images of biological specimens that clearly demonstrate the advantage of correlating morphology with elemental information. C1 [Holzner, Christian; Jacobsen, Chris] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Feser, Michael; Hornberger, Benjamin] Xradia Inc, Concord, CA 94520 USA. [Vogt, Stefan] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Baines, Stephen B.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Holzner, C (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM cholzner@xray1.physics.sunysb.edu RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015; Vogt, Stefan/B-9547-2009; Vogt, Stefan/J-7937-2013 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513; Vogt, Stefan/0000-0002-8034-5513 FU National Institutes of Health [5R21EB006134-02]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Many thanks to J. Kirz for discussions, L. Finney for assistance with the experiment and Xradia for providing optical components. C.H. was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Grant 5R21EB006134-02. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 BP 883 EP 887 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1765 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674EC UT WOS:000283715900021 PM 21544232 ER PT J AU Fournier, D Levy, G Pennec, Y McChesney, JL Bostwick, A Rotenberg, E Liang, R Hardy, WN Bonn, DA Elfimov, IS Damascelli, A AF Fournier, D. Levy, G. Pennec, Y. McChesney, J. L. Bostwick, A. Rotenberg, E. Liang, R. Hardy, W. N. Bonn, D. A. Elfimov, I. S. Damascelli, A. TI Loss of nodal quasiparticle integrity in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; SURFACE; LIQUID; ARPES AB A central question in the study of high-temperature superconductivity is whether this phenomenon is linked to the doped antiferromagnetic Mott insulator or whether it emerges from a Fermi-liquid state across the whole cuprate phase diagram. Discriminating between these orthogonal cases hinges on the quantitative determination of the elusive quasiparticle strength Z as a function of hole-doping p, from the heavily overdoped to the deeply underdoped regime. Here we show, by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and an in situ doping technique, that the electronic structure of the overdoped metal (0.24 <= p <= 0.37) is in remarkable agreement with density functional theory and Fermi-liquid-like descriptions. However, below p approximate to 0.10-0.15, we observe the loss of nodal quasiparticle integrity. This marks a clear departure from Fermi-liquid behaviour and a more rapid than expected crossover to Mott physics, indicating that the physical properties of underdoped cuprates are dominated by incoherent excitations. C1 [Fournier, D.; Levy, G.; Pennec, Y.; Hardy, W. N.; Bonn, D. A.; Damascelli, A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [McChesney, J. L.; Bostwick, A.; Rotenberg, E.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liang, R.; Hardy, W. N.; Bonn, D. A.; Elfimov, I. S.; Damascelli, A.] Univ British Columbia, QMI, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Fournier, D (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM dfournie@physics.ubc.ca; damascelli@physics.ubc.ca RI Fournier, David/A-4667-2011; Bostwick, Aaron/E-8549-2010; Levy, Giorgio/F-6154-2012; McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013; Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; damascelli, andrea/P-6329-2014 OI Levy, Giorgio/0000-0003-2980-0805; McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088; Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; damascelli, andrea/0000-0001-9895-2226 FU Killam Program; A. P. Sloan Foundation; CRC Program; NSERC; CFI; CIFAR Quantum Materials; BCSI; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We gratefully acknowledge W. A. Atkinson, J. P. Carbotte, D. Munzar, M. R. Norman, G. A. Sawatzky, T. Senthil and D. van der Marel for discussions. This work was supported by the Killam Program (A.D.), the A. P. Sloan Foundation (A.D.), the CRC Program (A.D.), NSERC, CFI, CIFAR Quantum Materials and BCSI. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 46 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 53 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 BP 905 EP 911 DI 10.1038/NPHYS1763 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 674EC UT WOS:000283715900025 ER PT J AU McMurray, CT AF McMurray, Cynthia T. TI Mechanisms of trinucleotide repeat instability during human development SO NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; KNOCK-IN MICE; CAG REPEAT; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE; MYOTONIC-DYSTROPHY; MISMATCH-REPAIR; CTG REPEAT AB Trinucleotide expansion underlies several human diseases. Expansion occurs during multiple stages of human development in different cell types, and is sensitive to the gender of the parent who transmits the repeats. Repair and replication models for expansions have been described, but we do not know whether the pathway involved is the same under all conditions and for all repeat tract lengths, which differ among diseases. Currently, researchers rely on bacteria, yeast and mice to study expansion, but these models differ substantially from humans. We need now to connect the dots among human genetics, pathway biochemistry and the appropriate model systems to understand the mechanism of expansion as it occurs in human disease. C1 [McMurray, Cynthia T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McMurray, Cynthia T.] Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [McMurray, Cynthia T.] Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP McMurray, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,83R0101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ctmcmurray@lbl.gov FU US National Institutes of Health [NS062384, NS40738, GM066359, NS060115, NS069177, CA092584] FX I would like to thank J. Majka, V. Platt, W. Lang, E. Xun, C. Canaria and S. Bernstein for critical discussions and comments. This work is supported by US National Institutes of Health grants NS062384, NS40738, GM066359, NS060115, NS069177 and CA092584. NR 125 TC 171 Z9 172 U1 6 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1471-0056 J9 NAT REV GENET JI Nat. Rev. Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 11 IS 11 BP 786 EP 799 DI 10.1038/nrg2828 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 665RI UT WOS:000283052800012 PM 20953213 ER PT J AU Wang, T Darwin, KH Li, HL AF Wang, Tao Darwin, K. Heran Li, Huilin TI Binding-induced folding of prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein on the Mycobacterium proteasomal ATPase targets substrates for degradation SO NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS PROTEASOME; TRANSMEMBRANE HELICES; STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS; MOLECULAR-GRAPHICS; RECOGNITION; MECHANISM; GENES; PUP; MPA AB Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses a proteasome system that is analogous to the eukaryotic ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and is required for pathogenesis. However, the bacterial analog of ubiquitin, prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup), is an intrinsically disordered protein that bears little sequence or structural resemblance to the highly structured ubiquitin. Thus, it was unknown how pupylated proteins were recruited to the proteasome. Here, we show that the Mycobacterium proteasomal ATPase (Mpa) has three pairs of tentacle-like coiled coils that recognize Pup. Mpa bound unstructured Pup through hydrophobic interactions and a network of hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of an alpha-helix in Pup. Our work describes a binding-induced folding recognition mechanism in the Pup-proteasome system that differs mechanistically from substrate recognition in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This key difference between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems could be exploited for the development of a small molecule-based treatment for tuberculosis. C1 [Wang, Tao; Li, Huilin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Darwin, K. Heran] NYU, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Li, Huilin] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Li, HL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM heran.darwin@med.nyu.edu; hli@bnl.gov RI li, lianbo/H-1152-2011 FU Offices of Biological and Environmental Research and of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy; National Center for Research Resources of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH [AI070285, HL092774]; Brookhaven National Laboratory LDRD; Burroughs Wellcome Investigator in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases award FX We thank K. Burns for reviewing this manuscript and C. Nathan for advice and encouragement. X-ray diffraction data for this study were collected at beamlines X25 and X29 of the National Synchrotron Light Source. Financial support was principally from the Offices of Biological and Environmental Research and of Basic Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy, and from the National Center for Research Resources of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). This work was supported by NIH grant AI070285 and Brookhaven National Laboratory LDRD grant 10-016 to H.L. and by NIH grant HL092774 to K.H.D.K.H.D. was also supported by a Burroughs Wellcome Investigator in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases award. NR 34 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1545-9993 J9 NAT STRUCT MOL BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1352 EP U208 DI 10.1038/nsmb.1918 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 674TQ UT WOS:000283773200013 PM 20953180 ER PT J AU Valles, F Fiandaca, MS Eberling, JL Starr, PA Larson, PS Christine, CW Forsayeth, J Richardson, RM Su, XM Aminoff, MJ Bankiewicz, KS AF Valles, Francisco Fiandaca, Massimo S. Eberling, Jamie L. Starr, Philip A. Larson, Paul S. Christine, Chadwick W. Forsayeth, John Richardson, R. Mark Su, Xiaomin Aminoff, Michael J. Bankiewicz, Krystot S. TI Qualitative Imaging of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 2-Human Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Gene Therapy in a Phase I Study for the Treatment of Parkinson Disease SO NEUROSURGERY LA English DT Article DE AAV2-hAADC; Convection-enhanced delivery; Gene therapy; Magnetic resonance imaging; Parkinson disease; Positron emission tomography ID CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY; PRIMATE BRAIN; AAV-HAADC; MONKEYS; LIPOSOMES; NONHUMAN; VECTOR; SAFETY; TYPE-2 AB BACKGROUND: Putaminal convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of an adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector, containing the human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (hAADC) gene for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD), has completed a phase I clinical trial. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) data from the phase I trial, correlate those data with similar nonhuman primate (NHP) data, and present how such information may improve future PD gene therapy trials in preparation for the initiation of the phase II trial. METHODS: Ten patients with PD had been treated with bilateral MRI-guided putaminal infusions of AAV2-hAADC. MRI and PET scans were obtained at baseline (before vector administration) and at various intervals after treatment. Three normal adult NHPs received similar infusions into the thalamus. Imaging studies for both groups are presented, as well as hAADC immunohistochemistry for the NHPs. RESULTS: Early post-CED MRI confirmed the stereotactic targeting accuracy and revealed T2 hyperintensity around the distal cannula tracts, best seen within 4 hours of surgery. Coregistration of post-CED MRI and PET scans revealed increased PET uptake at the sites of T2 hyperintensity. Similar T2 hyperintensities in NHP MRI correlated with hAADC immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: Our analysis confirms the correct targeting of the CED cannula tracts within the target human putamen. Coregistration of MRI and PET confirms colocalization of T2 hyperintensities and increased PET uptake around the distal cannula tracts. Because PET uptake closely correlates with hAADC transgene expression and NHP data confirm this relationship between T2 hyperintensity and hAADC immunohistochemistry, we believe that T2-weighted MRI allows visualization of a significant part of the distribution volume of the hAADC gene therapy. Recommendations for future protocols based on these data are presented. C1 [Valles, Francisco; Fiandaca, Massimo S.; Forsayeth, John; Richardson, R. Mark; Su, Xiaomin; Bankiewicz, Krystot S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, Movement Disorders Res Program, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Eberling, Jamie L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mol Imaging & Neurosci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Starr, Philip A.; Larson, Paul S.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, Movement Disorders Clin, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. [Christine, Chadwick W.; Aminoff, Michael J.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Bankiewicz, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Neurol Surg, Movement Disorders Res Program, 1855 Folsom St,MCB 226, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. EM krystof.bankiewicz@ucsf.edu RI Richardson, Robert/C-6819-2016 OI Richardson, Robert/0000-0003-2620-7387 FU Genzyme Corporation; National Institutes of Health FX The Genzyme Corporation supported the clinical study of AAV2-hAADC at the University of California San Francisco. Nonclinical studies were supported by a National Institutes of Health U54 grant. The authors have no personal or institutional interest in any of the drugs, materials, or devices described in this article. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-396X J9 NEUROSURGERY JI Neurosurgery PD NOV PY 2010 VL 67 IS 5 BP 1377 EP 1385 DI 10.1227/NEU.0b013e3181f53a5c PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Surgery SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Surgery GA 671DF UT WOS:000283479500047 PM 20871425 ER PT J AU King, WE Bradley, K Jones, ED Kramer, KJ Latkowski, JF Robel, M Sleaford, BW AF King, Wayne E. Bradley, Keith Jones, Edwin D. Kramer, Kevin J. Latkowski, Jeffery F. Robel, Martin Sleaford, Brad W. TI The application of a figure of merit for nuclear explosive utility as a metric for material attractiveness in a nuclear material theft scenario SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID FISSION ENERGY LIFE; FUSION ENERGY; ENGINE; DESIGN AB Effective integration of nonproliferation management into the design process is key to the broad deployment of advanced nuclear energy systems, and is an explicit goal of the Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The nuclear explosives utility of a nuclear material to a state (proliferator) or sub-state (terrorist) is a critical factor to be assessed and is one aspect of material attractiveness. In this work, we approached nuclear explosives utility through the calculation of a "figure of merit" (FOM) that has recently been developed to capture the relative viability and difficulty of constructing nuclear explosives starting from various nuclear material forms and compositions. We discuss the integration of the figure of merit into an assessment of a nuclear material theft scenario and its use in the assessment. This paper demonstrates that material attractiveness is a multidimensional concept that embodies more than the FOM. It also seeks to propose that other attributes may be able to be quantified through analogous FOMs (e.g., transformation) and that, with quantification, aggregation may be possible using concepts from the risk community. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [King, Wayne E.; Jones, Edwin D.; Robel, Martin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Bradley, Keith] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Global Secur Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Kramer, Kevin J.; Latkowski, Jeffery F.; Sleaford, Brad W.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Engn Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP King, WE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Life Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM weking@llnl.gov FU Office of the Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nonproliferation, Research & Development of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the overall nonproliferation assessment; Laboratory Directed Research and Development [08-ERD-056]; U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors acknowledge the support of the Office of the Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nonproliferation, Research & Development of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the overall nonproliferation assessment (King, 2009). The study of the use of the FOM in that larger study that is presented in this paper was funded as part of project 08-ERD-056 by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL. The authors acknowledge technical discussions with Ryan Abbott (LLNL), Tom Anklam (LLNL), George Arizelon (LLNL), David Beddingfield (LANL), Jim Blink (LLNL), Jennifer Burch (LLNL), Gray Chang (INL), Virginia Cleary (SNL), Emory Collins (ORNL), Mona Dreicer (LLNL), Bart Ebbinghaus (LLNL), Leonard Gray (LLNL), James Hassberger (LLNL), Ron Lehman (LLNL), James McNeese (LLNL), Ralph Moir (LLNL), Abderrafi Ougouag (INL), Per Peterson (University of California at Berkeley), David Petti (INL), Jean de Pruneda (LLNL), Gary Rochau (SNL), Dana Rowley (LLNL), Shiva Sitaraman (LLNL), Johan Slabber (PBMR (Pty) Ltd), Lance Snead (ORNL), Barry Spencer (ORNL), and Mike West (LLNL). The authors acknowledge the support of LIFE principals Ed Moses and Tomas Diaz de la Rubia, and LIFE management including Erik Storm and Joe Farmer. This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 240 IS 11 BP 3699 EP 3707 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.09.015 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 688AN UT WOS:000284820000001 ER PT J AU Hu, JW Hayes, AC Wilson, WB Rizwan-uddin AF Hu, Jianwei Hayes, A. C. Wilson, W. B. Rizwan-uddin TI Fission gas production in reactor fuels including the effects of ternary fission SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article AB An understanding of gas bubble formation and migration in nuclear fuel and its impacts on fuel and cladding materials requires knowledge of the isotopic composition of the gases and their generation rates. In this paper, we present results of simulations for the production of the dominant noble gases (helium, xenon, krypton) in nuclear fuels for different reactor core configurations and fuel compositions. The calculations were performed using detailed nuclear burn simulations with Monte Carlo nuclear transport, and included ternary fission to ensure an accurate treatment of helium production. For all reactor designs and fuels considered xenon was found to be the most dominant gas produced. Variation in the composition of fission gases is quantified for: (1) the burn time, (2) the composition of the fuel, and (3) the neutron energy spectrum. These three factors determine the relative fraction of each gas and its transmutation into or from stable gas by subsequent neutron capture. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hu, Jianwei; Hayes, A. C.; Wilson, W. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hu, Jianwei; Rizwan-uddin] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hu, JW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS ES 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hellojianwei@gmail.com NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 240 IS 11 BP 3751 EP 3757 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.08.020 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 688AN UT WOS:000284820000006 ER PT J AU Berry, RA Saurel, R LeMetayer, O AF Berry, Ray A. Saurel, Richard LeMetayer, Olivier TI The discrete equation method (DEM) for fully compressible, two-phase flows in ducts of spatially varying cross-section SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID PHASE AB For the simulation of light water nuclear reactor coolant flows, general two-phase models (valid for all volume fractions) have been generally used which, while allowing for velocity disequilibrium, normally force pressure equilibrium between the phases (see, for example, the numerous models of this type described in (Stadtke, 2006)). These equations are not hyperbolic, their physical wave dynamics are incorrect, and their solution algorithms rely on dubious truncation error induced artificial viscosity to render them numerically well-posed over a portion of the computational spectrum. The inherent problems of the traditional approach to multiphase modeling, which begins with an averaged system of (ill-posed) partial differential equations (PDEs) which are then discretized to form a numerical scheme, are avoided by employing a new homogenization method known as the discrete equation method (DEM) (Abgrall and Saurel, 2003). This method results in well-posed hyperbolic systems, this property being important for transient flows. This also allows a clear treatment of non-conservative terms (terms involving interfacial variables and volume fraction gradients) permitting the solution of interface problems without conservation errors, this feature being important for the direct numerical simulation of two-phase flows. Unlike conventional methods, the averaged system of PDEs for the mixture are not used, and the DEM method directly obtains a well-posed discrete equation system from the single-phase conservation laws, producing a numerical scheme which accurately computes fluxes for arbitrary number of phases. The method effectively uses a sequence of single-phase Riemann problem solutions. Phase interactions are accounted for by Riemann solvers at each interface. Non-conservative derivative product terms are correctly approximated. Some of the closure relations missing from the traditional approach are automatically obtained. Lastly, the continuous equation system resulting from the discrete equations can be identified by taking the continuous limit with weak-wave assumptions. In this work, this approach is tested by constructing a DEM model for the flow of two compressible phases in 1-D ducts of spatially varying cross-section with explicit time integration. An analytical equation of state is included for both water vapor and liquid phases, and a realistic interphase mass transfer model is developed based on interphase heat transfer. A robust compliment of boundary conditions is developed and discussed. Though originally conceived as a first step toward implict time integration of the DEM method (to relieve time step size restrictions due to stiffness and to achieve tighter coupling of equations) in multidimensions, this model offers some unique capabilities for incorporation into next generation light water reactor safety analysis codes. We demonstrate, on a converging-diverging two-phase nozzle, that this well-posed, 2-pressure, 2-velocity DEM model can be integrated to a realistic and meaningful steady state with both phases treated as compressible. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Berry, Ray A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Saurel, Richard; LeMetayer, Olivier] Univ Aix Marseille 1, Polytech Marseille, UMR CNRS 6595, IUSTI SMASH, F-13453 Marseille 13, France. RP Berry, RA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM ray.berry@inl.gov OI Saurel, Richard/0000-0001-7338-7371 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy at Idaho National Laboratory under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX The authors acknowledge the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, for funding this research through the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at the Idaho National Laboratory under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 240 IS 11 BP 3797 EP 3818 DI 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.08.003 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 688AN UT WOS:000284820000010 ER PT J AU Commaux, N Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Hollmann, EM Parks, PB Humphreys, DA Wesley, JC Yu, JH AF Commaux, N. Baylor, L. R. Jernigan, T. C. Hollmann, E. M. Parks, P. B. Humphreys, D. A. Wesley, J. C. Yu, J. H. TI Demonstration of rapid shutdown using large shattered deuterium pellet injection in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID RUNAWAY ELECTRONS AB A severe consequence of a disruption on large tokamaks such as ITER could be the generation of multi-megaelectronvolt electron beams that could damage the vacuum vessel and the structures of the machine if they hit the wall unmitigated. The mitigation of runaway electron beams is thus a key requirement for reliable operation of ITER. In order to achieve reliable disruption mitigation, a new fast shutdown technique has been developed: the injection of a large shattered cryogenic pellet in the plasma, which is expected to increase the electron density up to levels where the beam generation processes are mitigated by collisional losses. This technique has been implemented and tested for the first time ever on DIII-D. The first tests show evidence of an almost instantaneous deposition of more than 260 Pa m(3) of deuterium deep in the core. Record local densities during the thermal quench were observed for each injection with a very high reliability. Pellet mass and plasma energy content scans show an improvement of the assimilation of the particles for higher plasma energy and larger pellet mass. C1 [Commaux, N.; Baylor, L. R.; Jernigan, T. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hollmann, E. M.; Yu, J. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Parks, P. B.; Humphreys, D. A.; Wesley, J. C.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Commaux, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG02-95ER54309, DE-FC02-04ER54698] FX This work was supported in part by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the US Department of Energy under DE-AC05-00OR22725 and partially supported by the US Department of Energy under DE-FG02-07ER54917, DE-FG02-95ER54309 and DE-FC02-04ER54698. NR 8 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 2010 VL 50 IS 11 AR 112001 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/50/11/112001 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 674DY UT WOS:000283715500001 ER PT J AU Spieler, H AF Spieler, Helmuth TI Recent topics in front-end electronics-Systems considerations in high energy physics and other fields SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Electronics; Electron microscopy; X-ray spectroscopy; CCD; Gamma ray spectroscopy; Bolometer; SQUID; Multiplexing ID APEX-SZ; READOUT; PERFORMANCE; DETECTORS; SENSORS; SILICON; ARRAYS AB Front-end electronics for future high-energy physics experiments are driven primarily by systems considerations. Minimizing material is a key aspect in both the ILC and sLHC upgrades. This requires minimizing power dissipation in the front-end electronics, as this can reduce material in the cabling and cooling systems. Various techniques to reduce power dissipation and material are discussed. Current systems, however, have developed successful technologies for large-scale highly segmented detectors that are being applied to other applications such as electron microscopy and high-rate X-ray imaging. In closing, the paper discusses multiplexing technologies for large-scale cryogenic bolometer arrays as could be applied to precision gamma spectroscopy. Current frequency-domain multiplexers are operating reliably, but the challenges associated with SQUID front-ends are discussed and a more robust alternative is presented. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Spieler, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM spieler@LBL.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.151 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800011 ER PT J AU Tschirhart, R AF Tschirhart, R. TI Trigger and data acquisition: The bytes start and stop here! SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Trigger; Data acquisition; Computing AB The modern trigger and data acquisition systems that instrument discovery experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN are very complex digital systems that select, reduce, and process enormous volumes of data in real-time to match the resources of state-of-the-art distributed computing available to researchers. Never before in particle physics have such powerful digital reconstruction and filtering systems been matched to a world-wide distributed system of computing of unprecedented scale. The goal of these massive aggregate computing systems is to extract as much physical information as possible from collision events at the LHC with well understood selection criteria and biases. Current strategies and future challenges in providing these aggregate real-time and offline computing systems are described. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tschirhart, R (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM tsch@fnal.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 72 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.152 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800012 ER PT J AU Biesiada, J AF Biesiada, Jedrzej CA ATLAS Collaboration TI Results from the commissioning of the ATLAS Pixel detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Silicon pixel detector; ATLAS detector commissioning AB The ATLAS Pixel detector is a high-resolution, low-noise silicon-based device designed to provide tracking and vertexing information within a distance of 12 cm from the LHC beam axis. It consists of approximately 80 million pixel channels with radiation-hard front-end electronics connected through optical fibers to a custom-controlled DAQ system away from the detector. Following the successful installation of the detector in June 2007, an intense commissioning period was conducted in the year 2008 and more than 400,000 cosmic-ray tracks were recorded in conjunction with other ATLAS sub-detectors. By the end of the year, 96% of the detector was tuned, calibrated, and taking data at 99.8% tracking hit efficiency and with noise occupancy at the 10(-1) level. We present here the results of the commissioning, calibration, and data-taking as well as the outlook for future performance with LHC collision-based data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Biesiada, Jedrzej] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Biesiada, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, MS50B-6222,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jbiesiada@lbl.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 144 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.176 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800036 ER PT J AU Deptuch, G AF Deptuch, Grzegorz TI Monolithic pixel detectors in a deep submicron SOI process SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE SoI; Monolithic active pixel sensors; Charge sensitive amplifier; X-ray; Radiation detection AB A compact charge-signal processing chain, composed of a two-stage semi-Gaussian preamplifier-signal shaping filter, a discriminator and a binary counter, implemented in a prototype pixel detector using 0.20 mu m CMOS silicon-on-insulator process, is presented. The gain of the analog chain was measured 0.76 V/fC at the signal peaking time about 300 ns and the equivalent noise charge referred to the input of 80 e(-). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Deptuch, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 222, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM deptuch@ieee.erg NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 183 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.189 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800049 ER PT J AU Arai, Y Miyoshi, T Unno, Y Tsuboyama, T Terada, S Ikegami, Y Kohriki, T Tauchi, K Ikemoto, Y Ichimiya, R Ikeda, H Hara, K Miyake, H Kochiyama, M Sega, T Hanagaki, K Hirose, M Hatsui, T Kudo, T Hirono, T Yabashi, M Furukawa, Y Varner, G Cooney, M Hoedlmoser, H Kennedy, J Sahoo, H Battaglia, M Denes, P Vu, C Contarato, D Giubilato, P Glesener, L Yarema, R Lipton, R Deptuch, G Trimpl, M Ohno, M Fukuda, K Komatsubara, H Ida, J Okihara, M Hayashi, H Kawai, Y Ohtomo, A AF Arai, Y. Miyoshi, T. Unno, Y. Tsuboyama, T. Terada, S. Ikegami, Y. Kohriki, T. Tauchi, K. Ikemoto, Y. Ichimiya, R. Ikeda, H. Hara, K. Miyake, H. Kochiyama, M. Sega, T. Hanagaki, K. Hirose, M. Hatsui, T. Kudo, T. Hirono, T. Yabashi, M. Furukawa, Y. Varner, G. Cooney, M. Hoedlmoser, H. Kennedy, J. Sahoo, H. Battaglia, M. Denes, P. Vu, C. Contarato, D. Giubilato, P. Glesener, L. Yarema, R. Lipton, R. Deptuch, G. Trimpl, M. Ohno, M. Fukuda, K. Komatsubara, H. Ida, J. Okihara, M. Hayashi, H. Kawai, Y. Ohtomo, A. TI Developments of SOI monolithic pixel detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE SOI; Pixel; X-ray imaging; Particle tracking AB A monolithic pixel detector with 0.2 mu m silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology has been developed. It has both a thick high-resistivity sensor layer and thin LSI circuit layer on a single chip. Integration-type and counting-type pixel detectors are fabricated and tested with light and X-rays. The process is open to many researchers through Multi Project Wafer (MPW) runs operated by KEK. Further improvements of the fabrication technologies are also under investigation by using a buried p-well and 3D integration technologies. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Arai, Y.; Miyoshi, T.; Unno, Y.; Tsuboyama, T.; Terada, S.; Ikegami, Y.; Kohriki, T.; Tauchi, K.; Ikemoto, Y.; Ichimiya, R.] High Energy Accelerator Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Ikeda, H.] JAXA, Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. [Hara, K.; Miyake, H.; Kochiyama, M.; Sega, T.] Univ Tsukuba, Inst Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. [Hanagaki, K.; Hirose, M.] Osaka Univ, Osaka 5600043, Japan. [Hatsui, T.; Kudo, T.; Hirono, T.; Yabashi, M.; Furukawa, Y.] RIKEN, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Varner, G.; Cooney, M.; Hoedlmoser, H.; Kennedy, J.; Sahoo, H.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Battaglia, M.; Denes, P.; Vu, C.; Contarato, D.; Giubilato, P.; Glesener, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yarema, R.; Lipton, R.; Deptuch, G.; Trimpl, M.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Fukuda, K.; Komatsubara, H.; Ida, J.] Oki Semicond Co Ltd, Higashiasakawa, Tokyo 1938550, Japan. [Okihara, M.; Hayashi, H.; Kawai, Y.; Ohtomo, A.] Oki Semicond Miyagi Co Ltd, Ohira, Miyagi 9813693, Japan. RP Arai, Y (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Org, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM yasuo.arai@kek.jp RI Hatsui, Takaki/J-4429-2014; Yabashi, Makina/A-2832-2015; OI Hatsui, Takaki/0000-0001-8144-3484; Yabashi, Makina/0000-0002-2472-1684; Giubilato, Piero/0000-0003-4358-5355 NR 7 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 186 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.190 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800050 ER PT J AU Chen, H AF Chen, H. CA ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter Grp TI R&D studies of the ATLAS LAr calorimeter readout electronics for super-LHC SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Liquid argon calorimeter; Readout electronics; Readout driver; Radiation hardness AB The ATLAS Liquid Argon (LAr) calorimeters are high precision, high sensitivity and high granularity detectors. A total of 182,468 signals are digitized and processed real-time on detector, to provide energy and time deposited in each detector element at every occurrence of the L1-trigger. The current readout electronics will need to be upgraded to sustain the higher radiation levels expected with the increase of a factor 10 in luminosity at the LHC in the years similar to 2017. A completely innovative readout scheme is being developed. The front-end readout will send out data continuously at each bunch crossing through high speed radiation resistant optical links, the data will be processed real-time with the possibility of implementing trigger algorithms. This article is an overview of the R&D activities and architectural studies the ATLAS LAr Calorimeter Group is developing: front-end analog and mixed-signal ASIC design, radiation resistance optical-links in SOS, highspeed back-end processing units based on FPGA architectures and power supply distribution schemes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, H.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM chc@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.215 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800075 ER PT J AU Ramberg, E AF Ramberg, Erik CA PSEC Collaboration TI Testing picosecond level timing detectors at Fermilab's Meson Test Beam Facility SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Time-of-flight detection; Particle identification AB The PSEC collaboration is actively pursuing the development of large area photodetectors with fast resolution timing characteristics. As part of that program we are characterizing the timing properties of microchannel plate photomultipliers (MCP/PMT). We report here on the timing resolution for several devices tested in Fermilab's Test Beam Facility. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ramberg, Erik] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ramberg, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ramberg@fnal.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 316 EP 317 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.233 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800093 ER PT J AU Taketani, A Akiba, Y Apdula, N Atomssa, ET Boyle, K de Cassagnac, RG Cianciolo, V Deshpande, A Dion, A Drapier, O Drees, A Enokizono, A Fujiwara, K Gastaldi, F Haki, Y Hashimoto, K Ichimiya, R Kanaya, J Kasai, M Kurita, K Kurosawa, M Lebedev, A Li, Z Mannel, E Nakano, K Nouicer, R Ogilvie, CA Onuki, Y Pak, R Pancake, C Pei, H Shafto, E Sondheim, WE Togawa, M AF Taketani, A. Akiba, Y. Apdula, N. Atomssa, E. T. Boyle, K. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Cianciolo, V. Deshpande, A. Dion, A. Drapier, O. Drees, A. Enokizono, A. Fujiwara, K. Gastaldi, F. Haki, Y. Hashimoto, K. Ichimiya, R. Kanaya, J. Kasai, M. Kurita, K. Kurosawa, M. Lebedev, A. Li, Z. Mannel, E. Nakano, K. Nouicer, R. Ogilvie, C. A. Onuki, Y. Pak, R. Pancake, C. Pei, H. Shafto, E. Sondheim, W. E. Togawa, M. TI Silicon vertex tracker for RHIC PHENIX experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE RHIC; PHENIX; Vertex tracker; Pixel; Stripixel; Silicon sensor ID DETECTOR AB The PHENIX experiment at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider will be equipped with Silicon Vertex tracker to enhance its physics capability. There are four layers of silicon sensor to reconstruct charged tracks with 50 mu m resolution of decay length measurement. The VTX surrounds the collision point. The inner two layers and the outer two layers are composed of 30 pixel ladders and 44 stripixel ladders, respectively. We have been developing these detectors and done a performance test with 120 GeV proton beam. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Taketani, A.; Akiba, Y.; Fujiwara, K.; Ichimiya, R.; Kanaya, J.; Kurosawa, M.; Nakano, K.; Onuki, Y.] RIKEN, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. [Taketani, A.; Akiba, Y.; Boyle, K.; Deshpande, A.; Togawa, M.] RIKEN, BNL Res Ctr, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Apdula, N.; Deshpande, A.; Drees, A.; Pancake, C.; Shafto, E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Atomssa, E. T.; de Cassagnac, R. Granier; Drapier, O.; Gastaldi, F.] Ecole Polytech, LLR, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Cianciolo, V.; Enokizono, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dion, A.; Lebedev, A.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Pei, H.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA USA. [Haki, Y.; Hashimoto, K.; Kasai, M.; Kurita, K.] Rikkyo Univ, Toshima Ku, Tokyo 1718501, Japan. [Mannel, E.] Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. [Sondheim, W. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taketani, A (reprint author), RIKEN, Nishina Ctr Accelerator Based Sci, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. EM taketani@riken.jp RI Taketani, Atsushi/E-1803-2017 OI Taketani, Atsushi/0000-0002-4776-2315 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 374 EP 376 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.02.253 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800113 ER PT J AU Chen, H De Geronimo, G Fried, J Lanni, F Makowiecki, D Radeka, V Rescia, S Vernon, E AF Chen, H. De Geronimo, G. Fried, J. Lanni, F. Makowiecki, D. Radeka, V. Rescia, S. Vernon, E. TI Cryogenic readout electronics R&D for MicroBooNE and beyond SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Liquid argon detector; Time projection chamber; Front-End readout; Cryogenic electronics AB Large Liquid Argon (LAr) Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) are becoming very attractive for long baseline neutrino and proton decay experiments because of their imaging capabilities and their excellent energy resolution. To optimize the detector performance and boost its signal-to-noise ratio we are developing within the MicroBooNE collaboration front-end readout electronics operating at LAr temperatures. Some preliminary results are presented here. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Chen, H.; De Geronimo, G.; Fried, J.; Lanni, F.; Makowiecki, D.; Radeka, V.; Rescia, S.; Vernon, E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lanni, F (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM flanni@bnl.gov RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903 NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 391 EP 393 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.012 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800119 ER PT J AU Sinnis, G AF Sinnis, Gus CA Milagro Collaboration HAWC Collaboration TI Water Cherenkov technology in gamma-ray astrophysics SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Water Cherenkov; Gamma-ray astrophysics ID GALACTIC PLANE; SOURCE LIST; MILAGRO; EMISSION AB Traditional extensive air shower (EAS) arrays consisted of a sparse array of plastic scintillation counters dispersed over a large area. Typically 1-2% of the enclosed detector area was sensitive to the passage of electromagnetic particles. The resulting telescopes had energy thresholds above 100 TeV and did not detect any astrophysical sources of gamma rays. The advent of water Cherenkov technology allowed for the construction of an EAS array that was fully active over 100% of the enclosed area. This lead to the dramatic reduction of the energy threshold of such instruments (near 1 TeV) and the subsequent detection of sources of gamma rays. The Milagro detector in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico was the first such instrument built. Milagro discovered the Galactic diffuse emission at 10 TeV and at least 3 new sources of TeV gamma rays. These observations have established the role of all-sky instruments in the Tera-Volt energy band. These instruments are uniquely sensitive to transient phenomena, such as gamma-ray bursts and flaring active galaxies. A next generation water Cherenkov detector, HAWC (for High Altitude Water Cherenkov) has now been proposed. In this paper I will discuss the water Cherenkov technique and its use in gamma-ray astrophysics. I will touch upon the physics observations that an instrument such as HAWC can enable and elaborate on the technological advances needed to support further work in this area. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sinnis, Gus] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sinnis, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gus@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 410 EP 412 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.019 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800126 ER PT J AU Ramberg, E AF Ramberg, Erik CA COUPP Collaboration TI Developing a 60 kg bubble chamber for dark matter detection SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE Dark matter; Bubble chamber; Direct detection AB The COUPP collaboration is developing the technology of continuously sensitive bubble chambers in the pursuit of direct detection of galactic dark matter. We have built and operated a 2 kg device in an underground area at Fermilab. From that run we obtained competitive spin-dependent interaction dark matter limits. Currently we are building a 60 kg detector, which will eventually be situated deep underground. This paper describes the design of that detector and discusses the challenges associated with it. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ramberg, Erik] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ramberg, E (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM ramberg@fnal.gov NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 454 EP 456 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.034 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800141 ER PT J AU Turqueti, M Rivera, R Prosser, A Kwan, S AF Turqueti, Marcos Rivera, Ryan Prosser, Alan Kwan, Simon TI A generic readout environment for prototype pixel detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 09) CY MAR 12-17, 2009 CL Tsukuba, JAPAN DE CAPTAN; Readout; Pixel; Distributed; Detector; Network AB Pixel detectors for experimental particle physics research have been implemented with a variety of readout formats and potentially generate massive amounts of data. Examples include the PSI46 device for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment which implements an analog readout, the Fermilab FPIX2.1 device with a digital readout, and the Fermilab Vertically Integrated Pixel device. The Electronic Systems Engineering Department of the Computing Division at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory has developed a data acquisition system flexible and powerful enough to meet the various needs of these devices to support laboratory test bench as well as test beam applications. The system is called CAPTAN (Compact And Programmable daTa Acquisition Node) and is characterized by its flexibility, versatility and scalability by virtue of several key architectural features. These include a vertical bus that permits the user to stack multiple boards, a gigabit Ethernet link that permits high speed communications to the system and a core group of boards that provide specific processing and readout capabilities for the system. System software based on distributed computing techniques supports an expandable network of CAPTANs. In this paper, we describe the system architecture and give an overview of its capabilities. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Turqueti, Marcos; Rivera, Ryan; Prosser, Alan; Kwan, Simon] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Turqueti, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Kirk & Wilson Rd, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM turqueti@fnal.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 623 IS 1 BP 531 EP 533 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.060 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 676YF UT WOS:000283954800167 ER PT J AU Thomas, AW AF Thomas, Anthony W. TI Symmetries and the search for physics beyond the standard model SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics CY JUN 02-05, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN ID NUCLEON; DISTRIBUTIONS; SCATTERING; TESTS; EMC AB Beginning with an introduction to its significance, we briefly review the status of our knowledge of the strangeness content of the nucleon, both experimental and theoretical. We then recall how the success of the corresponding experimental program at JLab led to an unanticipated improvement in the precision with which we constrain the possible existence of parity violating lepton-quark interactions beyond the Standard Model. This leads naturally to the consideration of the major outstanding discrepancy in the evolution of sin(2) theta(w). In particular; we explain how the nuclear modification of parton distributions, combined with charge symmetry violation eliminate this discrepancy. C1 [Thomas, Anthony W.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Thomas, Anthony W.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RP Thomas, AW (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM awthomas@jlab.org OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 844 BP 19C EP 25C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.05.008 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 639VT UT WOS:000281004500005 ER PT J AU Holt, RJ Ahmad, I Bailey, K Graner, B Greene, JP Korsch, W Lu, ZT Mueller, P O'Connor, TP Sulai, IA Trimble, WL AF Holt, R. J. Ahmad, I. Bailey, K. Graner, B. Greene, J. P. Korsch, W. Lu, Z. -T. Mueller, P. O'Connor, T. P. Sulai, I. A. Trimble, W. L. TI Progress toward an EDM measurement in Ra-225 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics CY JUN 02-05, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT AB Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) in atoms or molecules are a signature of time-reversal and parity violation and represent an important window onto physics beyond the Standard Model. We are developing a next generation EDM search based on laser-cooled and trapped Ra-225 atoms. Due to octupole deformation of the nucleus, Ra-225 is predicted to be two to three orders of magnitude more sensitive to T-violating interactions than Hg-199, which currently sets the most stringent limits in the nuclear sector. We will discuss progress toward realizing a first EDM measurement for Ra-225. C1 [Holt, R. J.; Ahmad, I.; Bailey, K.; Graner, B.; Greene, J. P.; Lu, Z. -T.; Mueller, P.; O'Connor, T. P.; Sulai, I. A.; Trimble, W. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Graner, B.; Lu, Z. -T.; Sulai, I. A.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Graner, B.; Lu, Z. -T.; Sulai, I. A.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Korsch, W.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Holt, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM holt@anl.gov RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Trimble, William L./0000-0001-7029-2676; Sulai, Ibrahim/0000-0003-4631-7006 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 844 BP 53C EP 56C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.05.013 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 639VT UT WOS:000281004500010 ER PT J AU Wang, F Chen, XS Lu, XF Sun, WM Goldman, T AF Wang, Fan Chen, Xiang-Song Lue, Xiao-Fu Sun, Wei-Ming Goldman, T. TI Gauge invariance and canonical quantization applied in the study of internal structure of gauge field systems SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics CY JUN 02-05, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN AB It is unavoidable to deal with the quark and gluon momentum and angular momentum contributions to the nucleon momentum and spin in the study of nucleon internal structure. However, we never have the quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and gluon spin operators which satisfy both the gauge invariance and the canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relations. The conflicts between the gauge invariance and canonical quantization requirement of these operators are discussed. A new set of quark and gluon momentum, orbital angular momentum and spin operators, which satisfy both the gauge invariance and canonical momentum and angular momentum commutation relations, are proposed. The key point to achieve such a proper decomposition is to separate the gauge field into, the pure gauge and the gauge covariant parts. The same conflicts also exist in QED and quantum mechanics and have been solved in the same manner. The impacts of this new decomposition to the nucleon internal structure are discussed. C1 [Wang, Fan; Sun, Wei-Ming] Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wang, Fan; Sun, Wei-Ming] Nanjing Univ, J CPNPC, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Wang, Fan; Sun, Wei-Ming] Chinese Acad Sci, Purple Mt Observ, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. [Chen, Xiang-Song; Lue, Xiao-Fu] Sichuan Univ, Dept Phys, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Goldman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, Dept Phys, Nanjing 210093, Peoples R China. EM fgwang@chenwang.nju.edu.cn NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 844 BP 85C EP 94C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.05.019 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 639VT UT WOS:000281004500016 ER PT J AU Young, RD Thomas, AW AF Young, R. D. Thomas, A. W. TI Recent results on nucleon sigma terms in lattice QCD SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Symmetries in Subatomic Physics CY JUN 02-05, 2009 CL Taipei, TAIWAN ID BARYON MASSES; HADRON MASSES; FORM-FACTOR; COMMUTATOR; LIGHT AB It has proven a significant challenge to experiment and phenomenology to extract a precise values of the nucleon sigma terms. This difficulty opens the window for lattice QCD simulations to lead the field in resolving this aspect of nucleon structure. Here we report on recent advances in the extraction of nucleon sigma terms in lattice QCD. In particular, the strangeness component is now being resolved to a precision that far surpasses best phenomenological estimates. C1 [Young, R. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Thomas, A. W.] Univ Adelaide, Sch Chem & Phys, CSSM, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RP Young, RD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; Young, Ross/H-8207-2012 OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 844 BP 266C EP 271C DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.05.048 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 639VT UT WOS:000281004500045 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Azmy, YY Morel, JE AF Rosa, Massimiliano Azmy, Yousry Y. Morel, Jim E. TI On the Degradation of Cell-Centered Diffusive Preconditioners for Accelerating S-N Transport Calculations in the Periodic Horizontal Interface Configuration SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LINEAR ALGEBRAIC ANALYSIS; SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION; NEUTRON-TRANSPORT; ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS; INHOMOGENEOUS-MEDIA; ITERATIVE METHODS; OPTICALLY THICK; SLAB GEOMETRY; EQUATIONS; REGIMES AB We investigate the degraded effectiveness of diffusion-based acceleration schemes in terms of the adjacent-cell preconditioner (AP) in a periodically heterogeneous limit devised for the two-dimensional (2-D) periodic horizontal interface (PHI) configuration. Specifically, we demonstrate that the diffusive low-order operator employed in the AP scheme lacks the structure of the integral transport operator in the above asymptotic limit since it (1) ignores cross-derivative coupling and (2) incorrectly estimates the strength of intra-layer coupling in the optically thin layers. In order to prove propositions 1 and 2, we derive expressions for the elements of the matrix representing a certain angular (S-N) and spatially discretized form of the 2-D neutron transport integral operator. This is the transport operator that produces the full scalar flux solution if it is directly inverted on the once-collided particle source. The properties of this operator's elements are then investigated in the asymptotic limit for PHI. The results of the asymptotic analysis point to a sparse but nonlocal matrix structure due to long-range coupling of a cell's average flux with its neighboring cells, independent of the distance between the cells in the spatial mesh. In particular, for a cell in a thin layer, cross-derivative coupling of the cell's flux to its diagonal neighbors is of the same asymptotic order as self-coupling and coupling with its north/south Cartesian neighbors. Similarly, its coupling with the fluxes in the same thin layer is of the same order, independent of the distance between the cells in the layer, as the coupling with the east/west Cartesian neighbors. We also show that modifying the standard diffusion-based AP can lead to effective acceleration in PHI. Specifically, we devise three novel acceleration schemes, named APB, Optimized-AP (OAP), and Hybrid-AP (HAP), obtained by modifying the original AP formalism in 2-D. In the APB the five-point AP operator is extended to a nine-point stencil that accounts for cross-derivative coupling by including the matrix elements of the integral transport operator B, which couple a cell-averaged scalar flux to its first diagonal neighbors. In the OAP the five-point stencil of the original AP operator is retained while optimizing the value of the elements in the preconditioner that affect the coupling of a cell with its east/west Cartesian neighbors. Specifically, the optimum elements are obtained by minimizing the iteration :c spectral radius and offer a more correct estimate of the strength of intra-layer coupling in a thin layer. Finally, the nine-point HAP operator represents a "hybrid" of the APB and OAP approaches, in the sense that the spectral properties of the optimized jive-point OAP are further improved via the inclusion of cross-derivative terms. Fourier analysis of the novel acceleration schemes indicates that robustness of the accelerated iterations can be recovered, in spite of sharp material discontinuities, by accounting tar cross-derivative coupling and by optimizing the preconditioner elements. The new acceleration schemes have also been implemented in a 2-D transport code, and numerical tests successfully verify the predictions of the Fourier analysis. However, it is important to emphasize that the modifications attempted in this work are specific to the selected asymptotic limit for PHI and do not translate into new low-order operators for the general heterogeneous-material case. Rather, the above modified operators suggest that it may be possible to eventually derive such a general low-order unconditionally robust operator. C1 [Rosa, Massimiliano] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Azmy, Yousry Y.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Morel, Jim E.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rosa, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K784, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM maxrosa@lanl.gov FU U.S. Government [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was performed under U.S. Government contract DE-AC52-06NA25396 for Los Alamos National Laboratory, which is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. The first author performed this work in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at The Pennsylvania State University. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 166 IS 3 BP 218 EP 238 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670XE UT WOS:000283462400003 ER PT J AU Talou, P Kawano, T Madland, DG Kahler, AC Parsons, DK White, MC Little, RC Chadwick, MB AF Talou, P. Kawano, T. Madland, D. G. Kahler, A. C. Parsons, D. K. White, M. C. Little, R. C. Chadwick, M. B. TI Uncertainty Quantification of Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum for n(0.5 MeV)+Pu-239 SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-DATA LIBRARY; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEMS AB Uncertainties associated with the prompt fission neutron spectrum (PFNS) of n(0.5 MeV) + Pu-239 evaluated for the ENDF/B-VII.0 library are estimated using known experimental information and model parameter uncertainties in the framework of the Madland-Nix model. The model parameters used for the ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation are also used in the present work. A covariance matrix is obtained, and its eigenvalues are estimated. Sampled spectra are then used in PARTISN transport simulations to infer the impact of PFNS uncertainties on the calculation of the multiplication factor k(eff) in the Jezebel critical assembly. The present evaluated PFNS uncertainties lead to similar to 0.24% uncertainty in the Jezebel k(eff). multigroup covariance matrices are produced in 33- and 590-group structures. C1 [Talou, P.; Kawano, T.; Madland, D. G.; Kahler, A. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T2, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Parsons, D. K.; White, M. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp X1, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Chadwick, M. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, XCP, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Talou, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T2, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM talou@lanl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 166 IS 3 BP 254 EP 266 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670XE UT WOS:000283462400005 ER PT J AU Habert, B De Saint Jean, C Noguere, G Leal, L Rugama, Y AF Habert, B. De Saint Jean, C. Noguere, G. Leal, L. Rugama, Y. TI Retroactive Generation of Covariance Matrix of Nuclear Model Parameters Using Marginalization Techniques SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE REGION; UNCERTAINTIES; CAPTURE; PROPAGATION AB An uncertainty propagation methodology relying on marginalization techniques was recently developed to produce covariance matrices between existing model parameters involved in describing neutron-induced reactions. This work has been implemented in the nuclear data assimilation tool CONRAD. The performance of the code was demonstrated through simplified test cases based on a Reich-Moore description of the (155)Gd(n,gamma) reaction. Results are compared with those produced via Monte Carlo techniques. C1 [Habert, B.; De Saint Jean, C.; Noguere, G.] DEN Cadarache, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Leal, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Rugama, Y.] Nucl Energy Agcy, Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, F-92130 Issy Les Moulineaux, France. RP Habert, B (reprint author), DEN Cadarache, CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. EM benoit.habert@cea.fr RI De Saint Jean, Cyrille/E-8853-2011 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 166 IS 3 BP 276 EP 287 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 670XE UT WOS:000283462400007 ER PT J AU Solbrig, CW Bateman, KJ AF Solbrig, Charles W. Bateman, Kenneth J. TI MODELING SOLIDIFICATION-INDUCED STRESS IN CERAMIC WASTE FORMS CONTAINING NUCLEAR WASTES SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE solidification stress; ceramic waste forms; nuclear wastes ID PRODUCTS AB The goal of this work is to produce a ceramic waste form that permanently occludes radioactive waste. This is accomplished by absorbing radioactive salts into zeolite, mixing with glass frit, heating to a molten state at 915 degrees C to form a socialite glass matrix, and solidifying for long-term storage. Less long-term leaching is expected if the solidifying cooling rate does not cause cracking. In addition to thermal stress, this paper proposes a mathematical model for the stress formed during solidification, which is very large for fast cooling rates during solidification and can cause severe cracking. A solidifying glass or ceramic cylinder forms a dome on the cylinder top end. The temperature distribution during solidification causes the solidification stress and the dome resulting in an axial length deficit. The axial stress, determined by the length deficit, remains when the solid is at room temperature with the outer region in compression and the inner region in tension. Large tensions will cause cracking of the specimen. The temperature deficit, derived by dividing the length deficit by the coefficient of thermal expansion, allows solidification stress theory to be extended to the circumferential stress. This paper derives the solidification stress model, gives examples, explains how to induce beneficial stresses, and compares theory to experimental data. C1 [Solbrig, Charles W.; Bateman, Kenneth J.] Idaho Natl Lab, Pyroproc Technol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Solbrig, CW (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Pyroproc Technol Dept, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM charles.solbrig@inl.gov RI lee, yunzhu/G-1723-2011 FU U.S. DOE, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517] FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Nuclear Energy, under DOE Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 172 IS 2 BP 189 EP 203 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 672VI UT WOS:000283614600008 ER PT J AU Jue, JF Park, BH Clark, CR Moore, GA Keiser, DD AF Jue, Jan-Fong Park, Blair H. Clark, Curtis R. Moore, Glenn A. Keiser, Dennis D., Jr. TI FABRICATION OF MONOLITHIC RERTR FUELS BY HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uranium; molybdenum; nuclear fuels ID DU-XMO ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAYER GROWTH; DISPERSION FUELS; URANIUM; INTERDIFFUSION; DIFFUSION; SYSTEM; AL AB The Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program develops advanced nuclear fuels for high-power test reactors. Monolithic fuel design provides higher uranium loading than that of the traditional dispersion fuel design. Hot isostatic pressing is a promising process for low-cost batch fabrication of monolithic RERTR fuel plates for these high-power reactors. Bonding U-Mo fuel foil and 6061-Al cladding by hot isostatic press bonding was successfully developed at Idaho National Laboratory. Because of the relatively high processing temperature, the interaction between fuel meat and aluminum cladding is a concern. Two different methods were employed to mitigate this effect: a diffusion barrier and a doping addition to the interface. Both types of fuel plates have been fabricated by hot isostatic press bonding. Preliminary results show that the direct fuel/cladding interaction during the bonding process was eliminated by introducing a thin zirconium diffusion barrier layer between the fuel and the cladding. Fuel plates were also produced and characterized with a silicon-rich interlayer between fuel and cladding. This paper reports the recent progress of this developmental effort and identifies the areas that need further attention. C1 [Jue, Jan-Fong; Park, Blair H.; Clark, Curtis R.; Moore, Glenn A.; Keiser, Dennis D., Jr.] Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Jue, JF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Jan-Fong.Jue@inl.gov FU National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Materials Threat Reduction, under U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office [DE-AC07-05ID14517, NA-212] FX The authors wish to thank all RERTR fuel fabrication engineers and technicians for their great teamwork in developing the HIP bonding process at INL and also the radiological control personnel in the Electron Microscopy Laboratory and the Fuels and Applied Science Building. This work was supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Materials Threat Reduction (NA-212), under U.S. Department of Energy Idaho Operations Office contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 172 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 672VI UT WOS:000283614600009 ER PT J AU Gowda, M Nunes, CC Sailsbery, J Xue, MF Chen, F Nelson, CA Brown, DE Oh, Y Meng, SW Mitchell, T Hagedorn, CH Dean, RA AF Gowda, Malali Nunes, Cristiano C. Sailsbery, Joshua Xue, Minfeng Chen, Feng Nelson, Cassie A. Brown, Douglas E. Oh, Yeonyee Meng, Shaowu Mitchell, Thomas Hagedorn, Curt H. Dean, Ralph A. TI Genome-wide characterization of methylguanosine-capped and polyadenylated small RNAs in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION PARTICLE RNA; NONCODING RNAS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; BIDIRECTIONAL PROMOTERS; PERVASIVE TRANSCRIPTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNAS; HUMAN-CELLS; ADENYLATION; ARABIDOPSIS AB Small RNAs are well described in higher eukaryotes such as mammals and plants; however, knowledge in simple eukaryotes such as filamentous fungi is limited. In this study, we discovered and characterized methylguanosine-capped and polyadenylated small RNAs (CPA-sRNAs) by using differential RNA selection, full-length cDNA cloning and 454 transcriptome sequencing of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. This fungus causes blast, a devastating disease on rice, the principle food staple for over half the world's population. CPA-sRNAs mapped primarily to the transcription initiation and termination sites of protein-coding genes and were positively correlated with gene expression, particularly for highly expressed genes including those encoding ribosomal proteins. Numerous CPA-sRNAs also mapped to rRNAs, tRNAs, snRNAs, transposable elements and intergenic regions. Many other 454 sequence reads could not be mapped to the genome; however, inspection revealed evidence for non-template additions and chimeric sequences. CPA-sRNAs were independently confirmed using a high affinity variant of eIF-4E to capture 5'-methylguanosine-capped RNA followed by 3'-RACE sequencing. These results expand the repertoire of small RNAs in filamentous fungi. C1 [Gowda, Malali; Nunes, Cristiano C.; Sailsbery, Joshua; Xue, Minfeng; Brown, Douglas E.; Oh, Yeonyee; Dean, Ralph A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Fungal Genom Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Gowda, Malali] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Xue, Minfeng] China Agr Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Chen, Feng] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [Nelson, Cassie A.; Hagedorn, Curt H.] Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Nelson, Cassie A.; Hagedorn, Curt H.] Huntsman Canc Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. [Mitchell, Thomas] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Dean, RA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Fungal Res, Fungal Genom Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ralph_dean@ncsu.edu FU United States Department of Agriculture [2005-04936]; National Institutes of Health [CA63640] FX Funding for open access charge: United States Department of Agriculture (Award #2005-04936 to R.A.D.); National Institutes of Health grant (CA63640 to C.H.H.). NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 38 IS 21 BP 7558 EP 7569 DI 10.1093/nar/gkq583 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 689TK UT WOS:000284952000024 PM 20660015 ER PT J AU Tian, Z Singh, R Han, JG Gu, JQ Xing, QR Wu, J Zhang, WL AF Tian, Zhen Singh, Ranjan Han, Jiaguang Gu, Jianqiang Xing, Qirong Wu, Judy Zhang, Weili TI Terahertz superconducting plasmonic hole array SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; SUBWAVELENGTH APERTURES; SURFACE POLARITONS; ANISOTROPIC MEDIA; TRANSMISSION; RADIATION; FILMS; THIN AB We demonstrate a superconductor array of subwavelength holes with active thermal control over the resonant transmission induced by surface plasmon polaritons. The array was lithographically fabricated on a high-temperature yttrium barium copper oxide superconductor and characterized by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. We observe a clear transition from a virtual excitation of the surface plasmon mode to a real surface plasmon mode. The highly controllable superconducting plasmonic crystals may find promising applications in the design of low-loss, large-dynamic-range amplitude modulation and surface-plasmon-based terahertz devices. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Tian, Zhen; Han, Jiaguang; Gu, Jianqiang; Xing, Qirong; Zhang, Weili] Tianjin Univ, Ctr Terahertz Waves, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Tian, Zhen; Gu, Jianqiang; Zhang, Weili] Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Singh, Ranjan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Han, Jiaguang] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. [Wu, Judy] Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Tian, Zhen; Han, Jiaguang; Gu, Jianqiang; Xing, Qirong; Zhang, Weili] Tianjin Univ, Coll Precis Instrument & Optoelect Engn, Tianjin, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, WL (reprint author), Tianjin Univ, Ctr Terahertz Waves, Tianjin, Peoples R China. EM weili.zhang@okstate.edu RI Singh, Ranjan/B-4091-2010; Zhang, Weili/C-5416-2011; Tian, Zhen/D-8707-2015 OI Singh, Ranjan/0000-0001-8068-7428; Zhang, Weili/0000-0002-8591-0200; Tian, Zhen/0000-0002-2861-4325 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61028011]; National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China [2007CB310403, 2007CB310408]; MOE 111 Program of China; MOE Academic Research Fund of Singapore; Lee Kuan Yew Fund FX The authors thank J. Zhang for helpful discussions. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (grant No. 61028011), the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China (grant Nos. 2007CB310403 and 2007CB310408), the MOE 111 Program of China, the MOE Academic Research Fund of Singapore, and the Lee Kuan Yew Fund. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Nanoscale Science Research Center operated jointly by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 21 BP 3586 EP 3588 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 673IW UT WOS:000283653900017 PM 21042358 ER PT J AU Allison, TK Wright, TW Stooke, AM Khurmi, C van Tilborg, J Liu, Y Falcone, RW Belkacem, A AF Allison, T. K. Wright, T. W. Stooke, A. M. Khurmi, C. van Tilborg, J. Liu, Y. Falcone, R. W. Belkacem, A. TI Femtosecond spectroscopy with vacuum ultraviolet pulse pairs SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-ORDER HARMONICS; 162 NM; DYNAMICS; ETHYLENE AB We combine different wavelengths from an intense high-order harmonics source with variable delay at the focus of a split-mirror interferometer to conduct pump-probe experiments on gas-phase molecules. We report measurements of the time resolution (<44 fs) and spatial profiles (4 mu m x 12 mu m) at the focus of the apparatus. We demonstrate the utility of this two-color, high-order-harmonic technique by time resolving molecular hydrogen elimination from C(2)H(4) excited into its absorption band at 161 nm. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Allison, T. K.; Stooke, A. M.; Liu, Y.; Falcone, R. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Allison, T. K.; Wright, T. W.; Khurmi, C.; van Tilborg, J.; Liu, Y.; Falcone, R. W.; Belkacem, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ultrafast Xray Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wright, T. W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Allison, TK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM tka3@jila.colorado.edu FU United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences [AC02-05CH1123, DE-FG-52-06NA26212]; Fannie and John Hertz Foundation FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract numbers DE-AC02-05CH1123 and DE-FG-52-06NA26212. A. M. Stooke gratefully acknowledges the full support of the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation. We thank A. Stolow, H. Tao, and T. J. Martinez for helpful discussions. We acknowledge C. Caleman, M. Bergh, H. Merdji, and M. P. Hertlein for help with the apparatus in its early stages. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 15 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 35 IS 21 BP 3664 EP 3666 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 673IW UT WOS:000283653900043 PM 21042384 ER PT J AU Xi, YY Holladay, JE Frye, JG Oberg, AA Jackson, JE Miller, DJ AF Xi, Yaoyan Holladay, Jonathan E. Frye, John G. Oberg, Aaron A. Jackson, James E. Miller, Dennis J. TI A Kinetic and Mass Transfer Model for Glycerol Hydrogenolysis in a Trickle-Bed Reactor SO ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE HYDROGENOLYSIS; PROPYLENE-GLYCOL; HIGH-PRESSURE; HYDROGENATION; CATALYSTS; CARBON; 1,2-PROPANEDIOL; SIMULATION; OXIDATION; PHENOL AB A detailed model of glycerol hydrogenolysis in a trickle-bed reactor is presented that includes a mechanistically based kinetic rate expression, energy transport, mass transport across the gas-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces, intraparticle catalyst mass transfer, and partial wetting of the bed. Optimal kinetic parameters for the glycerol hydrogenolysis rate expression were determined via nonlinear regression analysis on the basis of experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale trickle-bed reactor over a broad range of operating conditions. Model predictions agree well with experimental data and accurately predict trends in reactor performance with liquid flow rate, temperature, hydrogen pressure, and base promoter concentration. The model is thus a useful tool for predicting laboratory reactor performance and for design of commercial-scale trickle-bed systems. C1 [Xi, Yaoyan; Oberg, Aaron A.; Miller, Dennis J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Jackson, James E.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Holladay, Jonathan E.; Frye, John G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miller, DJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM millerd@egr.msu.edu RI Jackson, James/B-7380-2013; OI Jackson, James/0000-0002-4506-7415 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the Biomass Program; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of the Biomass Program, to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. Michigan State University acknowledges the support of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for their part of the work. We thank Alan Zacher for thoughtful contributions in reviewing this manuscript prior to submission. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1083-6160 J9 ORG PROCESS RES DEV JI Org. Process Res. Dev. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1304 EP 1312 DI 10.1021/op900336a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 683SF UT WOS:000284494800003 ER PT J AU Kim, K Regan, W Geng, BS Aleman, B Kessler, BM Wang, F Crommie, MF Zettl, A AF Kim, Kwanpyo Regan, William Geng, Baisong Aleman, Benjamin Kessler, B. M. Wang, Feng Crommie, M. F. Zettl, A. TI High-temperature stability of suspended single-layer graphene SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE graphene; high temperature; in situ; transmission electron microscope; Joule heating AB We report in situ Joule heating on suspended single-layer graphene in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Thermally-driven degradation of pre-deposited nanoparticles on the membrane is monitored and used for local temperature estimation. By extrapolating the Joule heating power and temperature relation, we find that the suspended single-layer graphene has exceptional thermal stability up to at least 2600 K. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Kim, Kwanpyo; Regan, William; Geng, Baisong; Aleman, Benjamin; Kessler, B. M.; Wang, Feng; Crommie, M. F.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Kwanpyo; Aleman, Benjamin; Wang, Feng; Crommie, M. F.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Integrated Nanomech Syst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Kwanpyo; Regan, William; Aleman, Benjamin; Kessler, B. M.; Wang, Feng; Crommie, M. F.; Zettl, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Geng, Baisong] Lanzhou Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu RI Kim, Kwanpyo/D-9121-2011; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016; wang, Feng/I-5727-2015; OI Kim, Kwanpyo/0000-0001-8497-2330; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X; Regan, William/0000-0003-0143-9827 FU Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation within the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems [EEC-0832819]; Samsung; National Science Foundation; UC Berkeley FX This research was supported in part by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231, which provided for CVD graphene synthesis and sample preparation, and by the National Science Foundation within the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems, under Grant EEC-0832819, which provided for in situ TEM experiments. K. K. acknowledges further support from a Samsung Scholarship, W. R. acknowledges support through a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, and B. A. acknowledges support from the UC Berkeley Anselmo John Macchi Fellowship Fund in the Physical Sciences. NR 10 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 42 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6254 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI-R JI Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 4 IS 11 BP 302 EP 304 DI 10.1002/pssr.201000244 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 680BO UT WOS:000284206700002 ER PT J AU Deng, JK Ding, XD Lookman, T Suzuki, T Saxena, A Otsuka, K Sun, J Ren, XB AF Deng, Junkai Ding, Xiangdong Lookman, Turab Suzuki, Tetsuro Saxena, Avadh Otsuka, Kazuhiro Sun, Jun Ren, Xiaobing TI Origin of ultrafast annihilation effect of martensite aging: Atomistic simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RUBBER-LIKE BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CD-ALLOYS; TRANSFORMATION; STABILIZATION; MODEL AB Martensite aging effects, e.g., martensitic stabilization and rubberlike behavior, have attracted considerable attention in the past decades. It is known that martensite aging effects can be quickly eliminated once the aged martensite is brought into the parent phase even for a very short time, i.e., the annihilating effect of martensite aging (AEMA). However, the underlying mechanism of AEMA remains unclear due to the lack of an effective tool to probe the atomic processes during AEMA. It is unclear (1) whether AEMA is caused by a mere diffusionless transformation into the parent phase or by a diffusional process in the parent phase and (2) why long-time aging in martensite can be so easily eliminated in the parent phase. In this paper we use combined molecular-dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations to show that the origin of AEMA is related to atomic diffusion in the parent phase, not merely the reverse phase transformation. The open structure in the B2 parent phase and high-temperature result in a significantly higher diffusivity of point defects in the parent phase compared with that in the martensite; this explains the ultrafast annihilation of martensite aging. We attribute the driving force of AEMA to the symmetry-conforming short-range ordering tendency of point defects. C1 [Deng, Junkai; Ding, Xiangdong; Sun, Jun] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Multidisciplinary Mat Res Ctr, Frontier Inst Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Deng, Junkai; Suzuki, Tetsuro; Otsuka, Kazuhiro; Ren, Xiaobing] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Ferro Phys Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Ding, Xiangdong; Lookman, Turab; Saxena, Avadh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ding, XD (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Multidisciplinary Mat Res Ctr, Frontier Inst Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. EM dingxd@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; ren.xiaobing@nims.go.jp RI Ren, Xiaobing/B-6072-2009; Deng, Junkai/E-2315-2012; Ding, Xiangdong/K-4971-2013; OI Ren, Xiaobing/0000-0002-4973-2486; Ding, Xiangdong/0000-0002-1220-3097; Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 FU KAKENHI; NSFC [50771079, 50720145101]; 973 Program of China [2010CB631003]; 111 project of China [B06025]; U.S. DOE at LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX The authors are grateful to Y. Wang and Z. Zhang for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by KAKENHI (X.R.), NSFC (Grants No. 50771079 and No. 50720145101), the 973 Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB631003) and 111 project of China (Grant No. B06025) as well as the support from the U.S. DOE at LANL (Grant No. DE-AC52-06NA25396). NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 18 AR 184101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.184101 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673GL UT WOS:000283647300003 ER PT J AU Frontzek, M Tang, F Link, P Schneidewind, A Hoffman, JU Mignot, JM Loewenhaupt, M AF Frontzek, Matthias Tang, Fei Link, Peter Schneidewind, Astrid Hoffman, Jens-Uwe Mignot, Jean-Michel Loewenhaupt, Michael TI Correlation between crystallographic superstructure and magnetic structures in finite magnetic fields: A neutron study on a single crystal of Ho2PdSi3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; ANISOTROPY; TB2PDSI3; BEHAVIOR; ER2PDSI3; GD2PDSI3; TB; ER AB We present results of neutron-diffraction experiments on a Ho2PdSi3 single crystal in the magnetically ordered state at T=1.5 K for magnetic fields applied in the easy (0,0, L) direction. Moderate fields of less than 0.8 T are sufficient to wipe out the antiferromagnetic order in the basal plane of the AlB2-type hexagonal lattice structure. Concurrently strong magnetic reflections along the (0,0, L) direction develop with increasing fields that are closely related to the nuclear superstructure reflections found in the single crystal at all temperatures. The field dependence of the intensity of these reflections is rather unusual: after a maximum at 0.6 T and a shallow minimum at 2 T a further increase in intensity for fields up to 5 T is observed. A phase transition into a field induced, saturated ferromagnetic state is expected only at very high fields (>13 T) as inferred from magnetization data. For the origin of the high-field magnetic structure two models are proposed and the corresponding model calculations are compared to our experimental results. Furthermore, the experimental data in low fields (<0.8 T) are used to clarify the hitherto unsolved zero-field magnetic structure of Ho2PdSi3. The relevance of our findings with respect to other members of the R2PdSi3 series (R=Tb, Er, Tm, and others) is emphasized. C1 [Frontzek, Matthias] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Frontzek, Matthias; Tang, Fei; Schneidewind, Astrid; Loewenhaupt, Michael] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Link, Peter] Tech Univ Munich, FRM II, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Schneidewind, Astrid; Hoffman, Jens-Uwe] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Mignot, Jean-Michel] CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Frontzek, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM frontzekmd@ornl.gov RI Frontzek, Matthias/C-5146-2012; Hoffmann, Jens-Uwe/J-6035-2013; Mignot, Jean-Michel/A-8305-2008; OI Frontzek, Matthias/0000-0001-8704-8928; Hoffmann, Jens-Uwe/0000-0002-3651-958X; Mignot, Jean-Michel/0000-0001-8503-6712; Schneidewind, Astrid/0000-0002-7239-9888 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX We acknowledge the technical and scientific support from the staff at the neutron scattering centers Helmholtz-Zentrum for Materialien und Energie GmbH, Laboratoire Leon Brillouin, and Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz-Maier Leibniz (FRM-II). The Ho2PdSi3 single crystal was grown in the Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden by H. Bitterlich and W. Loeser. One author (M.F.) acknowledges the sponsorship of this research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 17 AR 174401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.174401 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 673GG UT WOS:000283646700004 ER PT J AU Horava, P AF Horava, Petr TI Quantum criticality and Yang-Mills gauge theory SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE Quantum criticality; Gauge theory; Anisotropic scaling ID STOCHASTIC QUANTIZATION AB We present a family of nonrelativistic Yang-Mills gauge theories in D + 1 dimensions whose free field limit exhibits quantum critical behavior with gapless excitations and dynamical critical exponent z = 2 The ground state wavefunction is intimately related to the partition function of relativistic Yang-Mills in D dimensions The gauge couplings exhibit logarithmic scaling and asymptotic freedom in the upper critical spacetime dimension equal to 4 + 1 The theories can be deformed in the infrared by a relevant operator that restores Poincare invariance as an accidental symmetry In the large-N limit our nonrelativistic gauge theories can be expected to have weakly curved gravity duals (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Horava, Petr] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Horava, Petr] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Horava, Petr] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Horava, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Theoret Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NSF [PHY-0555662]; DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics FX This work has been supported by NSF Grant PHY-0555662 DOE Grant DE-AC03-76SF00098 and the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics NR 20 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 694 IS 2 BP 172 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.physletb.2010.09.055 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 677HA UT WOS:000283978500013 ER PT J AU Petersen, MR Livescu, D AF Petersen, Mark R. Livescu, Daniel TI Forcing for statistically stationary compressible isotropic turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID DIRECT-NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; SHEAR-FLOW; HOMOGENEOUS TURBULENCE; ISOTHERMAL TURBULENCE; GROWTH; RESOLUTION; VORTICITY; DNS AB Linear forcing has been proposed as a useful method for forced isotropic turbulence simulations because it is a physically realistic forcing method with a straightforward implementation in physical-space numerical codes [T S Lundgren, "Linearly forced isotropic turbulence," Annual Research Briefs (Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, CA, 2003), p 461, C Rosales and C Meneveau, "Linear forcing in numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence Physical space implementations and convergence properties," Phys Fluids 17, 095106 (2005)] Here, extensions to the compressible case are discussed It is shown that, unlike the incompressible case, separate solenoidal and dilatational parts for the forcing term are necessary for controlling the stationary state of the compressible case In addition, the forcing coefficients can be cast in a form that allows the control of the stationary state values of the total dissipation (and thus the Kolmogorov microscale) and the ratio of dilatational to solenoidal dissipation Linear full spectrum forcing is also compared to its low wavenumber restriction Low wavenumber forcing achieves much larger Taylor Reynolds number at the same resolution Thus, high Reynolds number asymptotics can be more readily probed with low wavenumber forced simulations Since, in both cases, a solenoidal/dilatational decomposition of the velocity field is required, the simplicity of the full spectrum linear forcing implementation in physical-space numerical codes is lost Nevertheless, low wavenumber forcing can be implemented without using a full Fourier transform, and so is computationally less demanding (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [doi 10 1063/1 3488793] C1 [Petersen, Mark R.; Livescu, Daniel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Petersen, MR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Livescu, Daniel/0000-0003-2367-1547; Petersen, Mark/0000-0001-7170-7511 FU DOE FX This work was performed under the auspices of DOE We are grateful for the use of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Roadrunner system during the open science allocations, San Diego Supercomputer Center's Blue Gene system, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's ASC Purple, where these simulations were performed We appreciate the assistance of Mahidhar Tatineni of SDSC Finally, we thank Mark Taylor of Sandia National Laboratories for providing the code and assistance to compute angle-averaged structure functions NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 2010 VL 22 IS 11 AR 116101 DI 10.1063/1.3488793 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 697BC UT WOS:000285486600057 ER PT J AU Stoitsov, M AF Stoitsov, M. TI Nuclear density functional theory SO PHYSICS OF PARTICLES AND NUCLEI LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Bogolyubov Conference on Modern Problems of Mathematical and Theoretical Physics CY SEP 15-18, 2009 CL Kyiv, UKRAINE SP Russian Acad Sci ID HARTREE-FOCK; MATRIX AB An understanding of atomic nuclei is crucial for a complete nuclear theory, for the nuclear astrophysics, for performing new experimental tasks, and for various other applications. Within a density functional theory, the total binding energy of the nucleus is given by a functional of the nuclear density matrices and their derivatives. The variation of the energy density functional with respect to particle and pairing densities leads to the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equations. The "Universal Nuclear Energy Density Functional" (UNEDF) SciDAC project to develop and optimize the energy density functional for atomic nuclei using state-of-the-art computational infrastructure, is briefly described. The ultimate goal is to replace current phenomenological models of the nucleus with a well-founded microscopic theory with minimal uncertainties, capable of describing nuclear data and extrapolating to unknown regions. C1 [Stoitsov, M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Stoitsov, M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stoitsov, M.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Stoitsov, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7796 J9 PHYS PART NUCLEI+ JI Phys. Part. Nuclei PD NOV PY 2010 VL 41 IS 6 BP 868 EP 873 DI 10.1134/S1063779610060092 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 687KI UT WOS:000284777000009 ER PT J AU Benisti, D Morice, O Gremillet, L Siminos, E Strozzi, DJ AF Benisti, Didier Morice, Olivier Gremillet, Laurent Siminos, Evangelos Strozzi, David J. TI Nonlinear kinetic description of Raman growth using an envelope code, and comparisons with Vlasov simulations (vol 17, 102311, 2010) SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Correction C1 [Benisti, Didier; Morice, Olivier; Gremillet, Laurent; Siminos, Evangelos] CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Strozzi, David J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, AX Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benisti, D (reprint author), CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 119904 DI 10.1063/1.3523623 PG 1 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500131 ER PT J AU Ellison, CL Fuchs, J AF Ellison, C. L. Fuchs, J. TI Optimizing laser-accelerated ion beams for a collimated neutron source SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PULSE; EMISSION AB High-flux neutrons for imaging and materials analysis applications have typically been provided by accelerator- and reactor-based neutron sources A novel approach is to use ultraintense (>10(18) W/cm(2)) lasers to generate picosecond, collimated neutrons from a dual target configuration In this article, the production capabilities of the present and upcoming laser facilities are estimated while independently maximizing neutron yields and minimizing beam divergence A Monte Carlo code calculates angular and energy distributions of neutrons generated by D D fusion events occurring within a deuterated target for a given incident beam of D+ ions Tailoring of the incident distribution via laser parameters and microlens focusing modifies the emerging neutrons Projected neutron yields and distributions are compared to conventional sources, yielding comparable on-target fluxes per discharge, shorter time resolution, larger neutron energies, and greater collimation (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [doi 10 1063/1 3497011] C1 [Ellison, C. L.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Fuchs, J.] Univ Paris 06, Ecole Polytech, CEA, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses,CNRS,UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Ellison, CL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016 OI Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 113105 DI 10.1063/1.3497011 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500080 ER PT J AU McDevitt, CJ Diamond, PH Gurcan, OD Hahm, TS AF McDevitt, C. J. Diamond, P. H. Gurcan, O. D. Hahm, T. S. TI Poloidal rotation and its relation to the potential vorticity flux SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSPORT BARRIER; GYROKINETIC EQUATIONS; MAGNETIC FIELD; TURBULENCE; TOKAMAKS; PLASMA; WAVE; INSTABILITIES; VELOCITY; MOMENTUM AB A kinetic generalization of a Taylor identity appropriate to a strongly magnetized plasma is derived This relation provides an explicit link between the radial mixing of a four-dimensional (4D) gyrocenter fluid and the poloidal Reynolds stress This kinetic analog of a Taylor identity is subsequently utilized to link the turbulent transport of poloidal momentum to the mixing of potential vorticity A quasilinear calculation of the flux of potential vorticity is earned out, yielding diffusive, turbulent equipartition, and thermoelectric convective components Self-consistency is enforced via the quasineutrality relation, revealing that for the case of a stationary small amplitude wave population, deviations from neoclassical predictions of poloidal rotation can be closely linked to the growth/damping profiles of the underlying drift wave microturbulence (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [doi:10.1063/1.3490253] C1 [McDevitt, C. J.; Diamond, P. H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Diamond, P. H.] Natl Fus Res Inst, WCI Ctr Fus Theory, Taejon 305333, South Korea. [Gurcan, O. D.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Phys Plasmas, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Hahm, T. S.] Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP McDevitt, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Astrophys & Space Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Gurcan, Ozgur/A-1362-2013; OI Gurcan, Ozgur/0000-0002-2278-1544; McDevitt, Christopher/0000-0002-3674-2909 FU U S Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER54738, DE-FG02-08ER54959, DE-AC02-09CH11466] FX The authors would like to thank F Hinton, X Garbet, and G Dif-Pradalier for fruitful discussions This research was supported by U S Department of Energy Contract Nos DE-FG02-04ER54738, DE-FG02-08ER54959, and DE-AC02-09CH11466 This work was initiated at the Festival de Theorie in Aix-en-Provence, 2009 NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 112509 DI 10.1063/1.3490253 PG 17 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500056 ER PT J AU Perez, F Baton, SD Koenig, M Chen, CD Hey, D Key, MH Le Pape, S Ma, T McLean, HS MacPhee, AG Patel, PK Ping, Y Beg, FN Higginson, DP Murphy, CW Sawada, H Westover, B Yabuuchi, T Akli, KU Giraldez, E Hoppe, M Shearer, C Stephens, RB Gremillet, L Lefebvre, E Freeman, RR Kemp, GE Krygier, AG van Woerkom, LD Fedosejevs, R Friesen, RH Tsui, YY Turnbull, D AF Perez, F. Baton, S. D. Koenig, M. Chen, C. D. Hey, D. Key, M. H. Le Pape, S. Ma, T. McLean, H. S. MacPhee, A. G. Patel, P. K. Ping, Y. Beg, F. N. Higginson, D. P. Murphy, C. W. Sawada, H. Westover, B. Yabuuchi, T. Akli, K. U. Giraldez, E. Hoppe, M., Jr. Shearer, C. Stephens, R. B. Gremillet, L. Lefebvre, E. Freeman, R. R. Kemp, G. E. Krygier, A. G. van Woerkom, L. D. Fedosejevs, R. Friesen, R. H. Tsui, Y. Y. Turnbull, D. TI Single-shot divergence measurements of a laser-generated relativistic electron beam SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; IGNITION; IMPACT AB The relativistic electron transport induced by an ultraintense picosecond laser is experimentally investigated using an x-ray two-dimensional imaging system Previous studies of the electron beam divergence [R B Stephens et al Phys Rev E 69, 066414 (2004), for instance] were based on an x-ray imaging of a fluorescence layer buried at different depths in the target along the propagation axis This technique required several shots to be able to deduce the divergence of the beam Other experiments produced single-shot images in a one-dimensional geometry The present paper describes a new target design producing a single-shot, two-dimensional image of the electrons propagating in the target Several characteristics of the electron beam are extracted and discussed and Monte Carlo simulations provide a good understanding of the observed beam shape The proposed design has proven to be efficient, reliable, and promising for further similar studies (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [dot 10 1063/1 3514595] C1 [Perez, F.; Baton, S. D.; Koenig, M.] UPMC, Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CEA,CNRS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Chen, C. D.; Hey, D.; Key, M. H.; Le Pape, S.; Ma, T.; McLean, H. S.; MacPhee, A. G.; Patel, P. K.; Ping, Y.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Beg, F. N.; Higginson, D. P.; Murphy, C. W.; Sawada, H.; Westover, B.; Yabuuchi, T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Akli, K. U.; Giraldez, E.; Hoppe, M., Jr.; Shearer, C.; Stephens, R. B.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Gremillet, L.; Lefebvre, E.] CEA, DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Freeman, R. R.; Kemp, G. E.; Krygier, A. G.; van Woerkom, L. D.] Ohio State Univ, Coll Math & Phys Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Fedosejevs, R.; Friesen, R. H.; Tsui, Y. Y.] Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Turnbull, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Perez, F (reprint author), UPMC, Ecole Polytech, Lab Utilisat Lasers Intenses, CEA,CNRS, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RI Lefebvre, Erik/B-9835-2009; Patel, Pravesh/E-1400-2011; Koenig, Michel/A-2167-2012; Ma, Tammy/F-3133-2013; Higginson, Drew/G-5942-2016; Sawada, Hiroshi/Q-8434-2016 OI Stephens, Richard/0000-0002-7034-6141; Ma, Tammy/0000-0002-6657-9604; Higginson, Drew/0000-0002-7699-3788; Sawada, Hiroshi/0000-0002-7972-9894 FU U S Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The expert support of the Jupiter laser facility team, the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, and the General Atomics target fabrication teams is gratefully acknowledged This work was performed under the auspices of the U S Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No DE-AC52-07NA27344 NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 113106 DI 10.1063/1.3514595 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500081 ER PT J AU Podesta, JJ Borovsky, JE AF Podesta, J. J. Borovsky, J. E. TI Scale invariance of normalized cross-helicity throughout the inertial range of solar wind turbulence SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID INCOMPRESSIBLE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC TURBULENCE; MHD TURBULENCE; MAGNETIC HELICITY; 1 AU; INTERMITTENCY; SIMULATIONS; SPACECRAFT; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; PLASMA AB Solar wind measurements over the period from 1995 through 2006 are used to study fluctuations in the plasma bulk velocity and magnetic field over the range of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) scales commonly referred to as the inertial range Power spectra of the solar wind velocity, magnetic field, proton density, total energy (kinetic plus magnetic), and cross-helicity are analyzed for 176 time intervals in which the interplanetary magnetic field is restricted to a single magnetic sector The data yield measurements of the normalized cross-helicity sigma(c), the ratio of the cross-helicity spectrum to the energy spectrum, that span the entire inertial range at 1 AU and extend previous measurements by more than one decade in wavenumber The results show that sigma(c) is approximately constant throughout the inertial range, independent of wavenumber, consistent with existing theoretical ideas At the highest frequencies measured, vertical bar sigma(c)vertical bar is observed to decrease toward zero, however, this decrease is caused by measurement noise and is not a real physical effect Other new results obtained in this study are (1) the average spectral index for the total energy-kinetic plus magnetic-is found to be closer to 3/2 than 5/3 with an average value 1 540 +/- 0 033 for highly Alfvenic wind, in agreement with simulations of incompressible MHD turbulence with a strong ambient magnetic field, (2) the spectral index for the total energy is a function of vertical bar sigma(c)vertical bar that vanes from roughly 5/3 when sigma(c) approximate to 0 to approximately 3/2 when vertical bar sigma(c)vertical bar approximate to 1 (3) the spectral index for the total energy exhibits a solar cycle dependence during solar cycle 23 with above average values (steeper spectra) in the early rising phase of the cycle and below average values (shallower spectra) during the declining phase of the cycle-the controlling parameter for this solar cycle dependence appears to be vertical bar sigma(c)vertical bar (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [doi:10.1063/1.3505092] C1 [Podesta, J. J.; Borovsky, J. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Podesta, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NASA; NSF FX Helpful discussions with Peter Gary and Davin Larson are gratefully acknowledged We are also grateful to Adam Szabo for answering questions about the Wind MFI instrument and to Bob Lin and Peter Schroeder for answering questions about particular aspects of the Wind 3DP instrument This work was supported by the NASA Solar and Heliospheric Physics Program, the NASA Heliosphenc Guest Investigator Program, and the NSF SHINE Program NR 47 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 112905 DI 10.1063/1.3505092 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500075 ER PT J AU Richardson, AS Finn, JM Delzanno, GL AF Richardson, A. S. Finn, J. M. Delzanno, G. L. TI Control of ideal and resistive magnetohydrodynamic modes in reversed field pinches with a resistive wall SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SELF-ORGANIZATION; POLOIDAL CURRENT DRIVE; ACTIVE MHD CONTROL; SINGLE-HELICITY; INTELLIGENT SHELL; RFX-MOD; CONFINEMENT; PARADIGM; PLASMAS; STATES AB Numerical studies of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities with feedback control in reversed field pinches (RFPs) are presented Specifically, investigations are performed of the stability of m=1 modes in RFPs with control based on sensing the normal and tangential magnetic fields at the resistive wall and applying two-parameter feedback proportional to these fields The control scheme is based on that of [J M Finn, Phys Plasmas 13, 082504 (2006)], which is here modified to use a more realistic plasma model The plasma model now uses full resistive MHD rather than reduced MHD, and it uses three realistic classes of equilibrium parallel current density profiles appropriate to RFPs Results with these modifications are in qualitative agreement with [J M Finn, Phys Plasmas 13, 082504 (2006)] the feedback can stabilize tearing modes (with resistive or ideal-wall) and resistive wall ideal modes The limit for stabilization is again found to be near the threshold for ideal modes with an ideal-wall In addition to confirming these predictions, the nature of the instabilities limiting the range of feedback stabilization near the ideal-wall ideal-plasma threshold are studied, and the effects of viscosity, resistive wall time, and plasma resistivity are reported (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [doi:10.1063/1.3506819] C1 [Richardson, A. S.; Finn, J. M.; Delzanno, G. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Richardson, AS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-3056-6334 FU DOE Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We wish to thank F Ebrahimi, S Cappello, L Marrelli, R Paccagnella, P Zanca, and S Guo for useful discussions This research was supported by the DOE Office of Science, Fusion Energy Sciences and performed under the auspices of the NNSA of the U S DOE by LANL, operated by LANS LLC under Contract No DE-AC52-06NA25396 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 112511 DI 10.1063/1.3506819 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500058 ER PT J AU Shelkovenko, TA Pikuz, SA Cahill, AD Knapp, PF Hammer, DA Sinars, DB Tilikin, IN Mishin, SN AF Shelkovenko, T. A. Pikuz, S. A. Cahill, A. D. Knapp, P. F. Hammer, D. A. Sinars, D. B. Tilikin, I. N. Mishin, S. N. TI Hybrid X-pinch with conical electrodes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; EXPLODING WIRES; RAY SOURCE; PLASMA; GENERATOR; EMISSION; DYNAMICS; ARRAY AB A hybrid X-pinch configuration consisting of solid conical electrodes connected by a wire has been tested on a 45 ns risetime, 500 kA peak current pulsed power generator Wires of different materials were loaded through holes in the cones, wire lengths were varied from 0 6 to 2 mm Most of these hybrid X-pinches generated an intense single burst of soft x-rays and developed a single hot spot that was of micron-scale size Hybrid X-pinches generate less hard x-ray intensity than standard X-pinches (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics [doi:10.1063/1.3504226] C1 [Shelkovenko, T. A.; Pikuz, S. A.; Cahill, A. D.; Knapp, P. F.; Hammer, D. A.] Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sinars, D. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tilikin, I. N.] Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Dolgoprudnyi 141700, Moscow Region, Russia. [Mishin, S. N.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. RP Shelkovenko, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Plasma Studies Lab, 439 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Pikuz, Sergey/M-8231-2015; Shelkovenko, Tatiana/M-8254-2015; Tilikin, Ivan/E-9388-2014 FU National Nuclear Security Administration under DOE [DE-FC03-02NA00057]; RFBR [09-02-00715]; Russian Ministry of Science and Education [GK 02 740 11 0447, 2 1 1/5470] FX We would like to acknowledge J Todd Blanchard for the expert manufacture of several special components used in these experiments This work was partially supported by the Stewardship Sciences Academic Alliances program of the National Nuclear Security Administration under DOE Cooperative Agreement No DE-FC03-02NA00057, RFBR (Project No 09-02-00715), and programs of Russian Ministry of Science and Education under Program Nos GK 02 740 11 0447 and 2 1 1/5470 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 2010 VL 17 IS 11 AR 112707 DI 10.1063/1.3504226 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 697BB UT WOS:000285486500068 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, SD Liu, ZX Ballaran, TB Littlefield, EF Ehm, L Hemley, RJ AF Jacobsen, Steven D. Liu, Zhenxian Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa Littlefield, Elizabeth F. Ehm, Lars Hemley, Russell J. TI Effect of H2O on upper mantle phase transitions in MgSiO3: Is the depth of the seismic X-discontinuity an indicator of mantle water content? SO PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS LA English DT Article DE X-discontinuity; Water; MgSiO3; Enstatite; Clinoenstatite ID NOMINALLY ANHYDROUS MINERALS; HIGH-PRESSURE; HYDROGEN INCORPORATION; CLAPEYRON SLOPES; EARTHS INTERIOR; ORTHO-PYROXENE; ORTHOENSTATITE; CLINOENSTATITE; SPECTROSCOPY; STISHOVITE AB The mantle X-discontinuity, usually assigned to positive seismic velocity reflectors in the 260-330 km depth range, has proved difficult to explain in terms of a single mineralogical phase transformation in part because of its depth variability. The coesite to stishovite transition of SiO2 matches deeper X-discontinuity depths but requires 5-10% free silica in the mantle to match observed impedance contrast. The orthoenstatite (OEn) to high-pressure clinoenstatite (HPCen) transformation of MgSiO3 also broadly coincides with depths of the X but requires chemically depleted and orthoenstatite-rich lithology at 300 km depth in order to match observed seismic impedance contrast. On the basis of high-pressure infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, we show that 1300 ppm variation of H2O content in MgSiO3 can displace the transition of low-pressure clinoenstatite (LPCen) to HPCen by up to 2 GPa, similar to previous quench experiments on the OEn to HPCen phase transition, where about 30-45 km (1.0-1.5 GPa) of deflection could occur per 0.1 wt% H2O. If the mantle X-discontinuity results from pyroxene transitions in a depleted harzburgite layer, because of the strong influence of minor amounts of water on the transformation boundary, the depth of the mantle X-discontinuity could serve as a potentially sensitive indicator of water content in the upper mantle. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacobsen, Steven D.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Liu, Zhenxian; Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. [Littlefield, Elizabeth F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Geol Sci & Engn, Reno, NV 89503 USA. [Ehm, Lars] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jacobsen, SD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 1850 Campus Dr, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM steven@earth.northwestern.edu RI Jacobsen, Steven/F-3443-2013 OI Jacobsen, Steven/0000-0002-9746-958X FU Carnegie Institution of Washington through NSF-REU [EAR-0353877]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; COMPRES; Consortium for Material Properties Research in the Earth Sciences under NSF [EAR01-35554]; U.S. Department of Energy through the Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) [DE-FC03-03N00144]; U.S. National Science Foundation [EAR-0748707]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX We thank T. Withers and an anonymous reviewer for constructive feedback on this paper. SDJ acknowledges D. Suetsugu, H. Kawakatsu, and C.R. Bina for the opportunity to visit Japan in 2009 for the Stagnant Slab Project International Symposium on Deep Slab and Mantle Dynamics in Kyoto, and T. Irifune and T. Inoue for discussions at the Geodynamics Research Centre (GRC) at Ehime University in Matsuyama during that trip. SDJ thanks D.J. Frost, H. Keppler, and D. Rubie for hosting visits to Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Germany, where several of the experiments in this paper were preformed, and F. Langenhorst for help with TEM in Bayreuth. J.R. Smyth is acknowledged for extensive discussion about the potentially critical role of water in the mantle. E. Littlefield was supported by the Carnegie Institution of Washington Undergraduate Research Program through NSF-REU grant EAR-0353877 to S.A. Gramsch. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Operation of beamline U2A at the NSLS is supported by COMPRES, the Consortium for Material Properties Research in the Earth Sciences under NSF Cooperative Agreement Grant No. EAR01-35554, and by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center (CDAC) contract DE-FC03-03N00144. Funding for this research was provided in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation award EAR-0748707 (CAREER) and by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to SDJ. NR 60 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0031-9201 J9 PHYS EARTH PLANET IN JI Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 183 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 234 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.pepi.2010.06.015 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 701EY UT WOS:000285798300024 ER PT J AU Cohen, ML Zettl, A AF Cohen, Marvin L. Zettl, Alex TI The physics of boron nitride nanotubes SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID C-60; CARBON C1 [Cohen, Marvin L.; Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cohen, Marvin L.; Zettl, Alex] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Cohen, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEAC02-05CH11231]; NSF [DMR07-05941, EEC-0832819] FX The authors acknowledge support by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DEAC02-05CH11231, and by NSF under grants DMR07-05941 (MLC) and EEC-0832819 (AZ). NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 680SI UT WOS:000284254300027 ER PT J AU Crease, RP AF Crease, Robert P. TI Critical Point Bronx physics SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Crease, Robert P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Crease, Robert P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Crease, RP (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Philosophy, Stony Brook, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 11 BP 19 EP 19 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 687YE UT WOS:000284813600020 ER PT J AU Gu, LH Pallardy, SG Tu, K Law, BE Wullschleger, SD AF Gu, Lianhong Pallardy, Stephen G. Tu, Kevin Law, Beverly E. Wullschleger, Stan D. TI Reliable estimation of biochemical parameters from C-3 leaf photosynthesis-intercellular carbon dioxide response curves SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE A; Ci curve fitting; change-point model; leaf gas exchange measurements; leafweb; photosynthesis ID MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; REGRESSION-MODELS; JOIN POINTS; LEAVES; CO2; ASSIMILATION; LIMITATIONS; INFERENCE; EXCHANGE AB The Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model of photosynthesis is a change-point model and structurally overparameterized for interpreting the response of leaf net assimilation (A) to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). The use of conventional fitting methods may lead not only to incorrect parameters but also several previously unrecognized consequences. For example, the relationships between key parameters may be fixed computationally and certain fits may be produced in which the estimated parameters result in contradictory identification of the limitation states of the data. Here we describe a new approach that is better suited to the FvCB model characteristics. It consists of four main steps: (1) enumeration of all possible distributions of limitation states; (2) fitting the FvCB model to each limitation state distribution by minimizing a distribution-wise cost function that has desirable properties for parameter estimation; (3) identification and correction of inadmissible fits; and (4) selection of the best fit from all possible limitation state distributions. The new approach implemented theoretical parameter resolvability with numerical procedures that maximally use the information content of the data. It was tested with model simulations, sampled A/Ci curves, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of different tree species. The new approach is accessible through the automated website leafweb.ornl.gov. C1 [Gu, Lianhong; Wullschleger, Stan D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Pallardy, Stephen G.] Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Tu, Kevin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Law, Beverly E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gu, LH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lianhong-gu@ornl.gov RI Wullschleger, Stan/B-8297-2012; Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014; OI Wullschleger, Stan/0000-0002-9869-0446; Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-FG02-03ER63683]; Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; AmeriFlux network [FG0204ER63917] FX We thank Dr Graham Farquhar for pointing out to us a number of important issues regarding the FvCB model, for providing specific comments to improve the paper, and for appointing two very helpful reviewers whose comments and suggestions proved to be of great value to this paper. We are grateful to Dr David Weston and Mr Ben Runkle for commenting on the manuscript. The study was carried out in Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with support from the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. Department of Energy under the contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. US Department of Energy support for the University of Missouri (Grant DE-FG02-03ER63683) and for A/Ci data synthesis in support of the AmeriFlux network (Grant DE-FG0204ER63917) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 30 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 7 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1852 EP 1874 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02192.x PG 23 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 669UH UT WOS:000283375200007 PM 20561254 ER PT J AU Edlund, EM Porkolab, M Kramer, GJ Lin, L Lin, Y Tsujii, N Wukitch, SJ AF Edlund, E. M. Porkolab, M. Kramer, G. J. Lin, L. Lin, Y. Tsujii, N. Wukitch, S. J. TI Experimental study of reversed shear Alfven eigenmodes during the current ramp in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID WAVES; PLASMAS; INSTABILITY; EXCITATION; PROFILE AB Experiments conducted in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak have explored the physics of reversed shear Alfven eigenmodes (RSAEs) during the current ramp. The frequency evolution of the RSAEs during the current ramp provides a constraint on the evolution of q(min), a result which is important in transport modeling and for comparison with other diagnostics which directly measure the magnetic field line structure. Additionally, a scaling of the RSAE minimum frequency with the sound speed is used to derive bounds on the adiabatic index, a measure of the plasma compressibility. This scaling places the adiabatic index at 1.40+/-0.15 and supports the kinetic calculation of separate electron and ion compressibilities with an ion adiabatic index close to 7/4. C1 [Edlund, E. M.; Kramer, G. J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Porkolab, M.; Lin, Y.; Tsujii, N.; Wukitch, S. J.] MIT Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lin, L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Edlund, EM (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM eedlund@pppl.gov RI Lin, Liang/H-2255-2011 FU US DOE [DE-FC02-99-ER54512, DE-FC02-04ER54698]; Alcator C-Mod team FX The authors wish to thank the Alcator C-Mod team for supporting these studies. This work was funded by the US DOE under contract numbers DE-FC02-99-ER54512 and DE-FC02-04ER54698. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 11 AR 115003 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/52/11/115003 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 680BX UT WOS:000284208000003 ER PT J AU Ochman, H Worobey, M Kuo, CH Ndjango, JBN Peeters, M Hahn, BH Hugenholtz, P AF Ochman, Howard Worobey, Michael Kuo, Chih-Horng Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N. Peeters, Martine Hahn, Beatrice H. Hugenholtz, Philip TI Evolutionary Relationships of Wild Hominids Recapitulated by Gut Microbial Communities SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; RARE BIOSPHERE; DIVERSITY; BACTERIAL; TRANSMISSION; CHIMPANZEES; CORE; LEAD AB Multiple factors over the lifetime of an individual, including diet, geography, and physiologic state, will influence the microbial communities within the primate gut. To determine the source of variation in the composition of the microbiota within and among species, we investigated the distal gut microbial communities harbored by great apes, as present in fecal samples recovered within their native ranges. We found that the branching order of host-species phylogenies based on the composition of these microbial communities is completely congruent with the known relationships of the hosts. Although the gut is initially and continuously seeded by bacteria that are acquired from external sources, we establish that over evolutionary timescales, the composition of the gut microbiota among great ape species is phylogenetically conserved and has diverged in a manner consistent with vertical inheritance. C1 [Ochman, Howard; Worobey, Michael; Kuo, Chih-Horng] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ USA. [Kuo, Chih-Horng] Acad Sinica, Inst Plant & Microbial Biol, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N.] Univ Kisangani, Fac Sci, Kisangani, Zaire. [Peeters, Martine] Univ Montpellier I, IRD, Montpellier, France. [Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hahn, Beatrice H.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hugenholtz, Philip] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. RP Ochman, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, West Haven, CT USA. EM howard.ochman@yale.edu RI Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Kuo, Chih-Horng/E-2045-2013 OI Kuo, Chih-Horng/0000-0002-2857-0529 FU National Institutes of Health [GM56120, GM74735, AI065371, AI50529, AI58715, AI27767]; US Department of Energy's Office of Science; University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants GM56120 and GM74735 to HO; AI065371 to MW; and AI50529, AI58715, and AI27767 to BHH. This was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory contract number DE-AC52-07NA27344, and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract number DE-AC02-06NA25396. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 6 U2 60 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1545-7885 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 8 IS 11 AR e1000546 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000546 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 687ES UT WOS:000284762300018 PM 21103409 ER PT J AU Bauer, AL Hlavacek, WS Unkefer, PJ Mu, FP AF Bauer, Amy L. Hlavacek, William S. Unkefer, Pat J. Mu, Fangping TI Using Sequence-Specific Chemical and Structural Properties of DNA to Predict Transcription Factor Binding Sites SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNIQUE TETRANUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI K-12; INDIRECT READOUT; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; BASE-PAIR; PROTEIN; RECOGNITION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; PROMOTERS AB An important step in understanding gene regulation is to identify the DNA binding sites recognized by each transcription factor (TF). Conventional approaches to prediction of TF binding sites involve the definition of consensus sequences or position-specific weight matrices and rely on statistical analysis of DNA sequences of known binding sites. Here, we present a method called SiteSleuth in which DNA structure prediction, computational chemistry, and machine learning are applied to develop models for TF binding sites. In this approach, binary classifiers are trained to discriminate between true and false binding sites based on the sequence-specific chemical and structural features of DNA. These features are determined via molecular dynamics calculations in which we consider each base in different local neighborhoods. For each of 54 TFs in Escherichia coli, for which at least five DNA binding sites are documented in RegulonDB, the TF binding sites and portions of the non-coding genome sequence are mapped to feature vectors and used in training. According to cross-validation analysis and a comparison of computational predictions against ChIP-chip data available for the TF Fis, SiteSleuth outperforms three conventional approaches: Match, MATRIX SEARCH, and the method of Berg and von Hippel. SiteSleuth also outperforms QPMEME, a method similar to SiteSleuth in that it involves a learning algorithm. The main advantage of SiteSleuth is a lower false positive rate. C1 [Bauer, Amy L.; Hlavacek, William S.; Mu, Fangping] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Unkefer, Pat J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Stable Isotope Resource, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bauer, AL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fmu@lanl.gov OI Hlavacek, William/0000-0003-4383-8711 FU NIH [GM080216]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported in part by the NIH, under grant GM080216, and by the DOE, under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1553-734X EI 1553-7358 J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 AR e1001007 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001007 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 684WH UT WOS:000284585400018 PM 21124945 ER PT J AU Vaidya, NK Rong, LB Marconi, VC Kuritzkes, DR Deeks, SG Perelson, AS AF Vaidya, Naveen K. Rong, Libin Marconi, Vincent C. Kuritzkes, Daniel R. Deeks, Steven G. Perelson, Alan S. TI Treatment-Mediated Alterations in HIV Fitness Preserve CD4(+) T Cell Counts but Have Minimal Effects on Viral Load SO PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ENFUVIRTIDE RESISTANCE; IN-VIVO; HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS; REPLICATIVE FITNESS; INFECTED PATIENTS; FUSION INHIBITOR; DRUG-RESISTANCE; DYNAMICS AB For most HIV-infected patients, antiretroviral therapy controls viral replication. However, in some patients drug resistance can cause therapy to fail. Nonetheless, continued therapy with a failing regimen can preserve or even lead to increases in CD4(+) T cell counts. To understand the biological basis of these observations, we used mathematical models to explain observations made in patients with drug-resistant HIV treated with enfuvirtide (ENF/T-20), an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor. Due to resistance emergence, ENF was removed from the drug regimen, drug-sensitive virus regrown, and ENF was re-administered. We used our model to study the dynamics of plasma-viral RNA and CD4(+) T cell levels, and the competition between drug-sensitive and resistant viruses during therapy interruption and re-administration. Focusing on resistant viruses carrying the V38A mutation in gp41, we found ENF-resistant virus to be 17 +/- 3% less fit than ENF-sensitive virus in the absence of the drug, and that the loss of resistant virus during therapy interruption was primarily due to this fitness cost. Using viral dynamic parameters estimated from these patients, we show that although re-administration of ENF cannot suppress viral load, it can, in the presence of resistant virus, increase CD4(+) T cell counts, which should yield clinical benefits. This study provides a framework to investigate HIV and T cell dynamics in patients who develop drug resistance to other antiretroviral agents and may help to develop more effective strategies for treatment. C1 [Vaidya, Naveen K.; Perelson, Alan S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Rong, Libin] Oakland Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Rochester, MI 48063 USA. [Marconi, Vincent C.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kuritzkes, Daniel R.] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sect Retroviral Therapeut, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kuritzkes, Daniel R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div AIDS, Boston, MA USA. [Deeks, Steven G.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. [Deeks, Steven G.] San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Vaidya, NK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM asp@lanl.gov RI Marconi, Vincent/N-3210-2014 OI Marconi, Vincent/0000-0001-8409-4689 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NIH [AI28433, RR06555, P30-EB011339]; Centers for AIDS Research at UCSF [PO AI27763]; UCSF Clinical and Translational Science Institute [UL1 RR024131]; NIAID [K24AI069994, AI052745, AI055273]; State of California [ID01-SF-049] FX Portions of this work were done under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396, and supported by NIH grants AI28433, RR06555, and P30-EB011339. This work was also supported in part by the Centers for AIDS Research at UCSF (PO AI27763) and the UCSF Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UL1 RR024131). Additional support was provided by NIAID (K24AI069994, AI052745, AI055273), and the State of California (ID01-SF-049). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-734X J9 PLOS COMPUT BIOL JI PLoS Comput. Biol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 AR e1001012 DI 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001012 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 684WH UT WOS:000284585400007 PM 21124866 ER PT J AU Capra, EJ Perchuk, BS Lubin, EA Ashenberg, O Skerker, JM Laub, MT AF Capra, Emily J. Perchuk, Barrett S. Lubin, Emma A. Ashenberg, Orr Skerker, Jeffrey M. Laub, Michael T. TI Systematic Dissection and Trajectory-Scanning Mutagenesis of the Molecular Interface That Ensures Specificity of Two-Component Signaling Pathways SO PLOS GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; RESPONSE REGULATORS; KINASE; EVOLUTION; RECEPTOR; GROWTH; PHOB AB Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense and respond to a wide range of environmental stimuli. Sensor histidine kinases transmit signals to their cognate response regulators via phosphorylation. The faithful transmission of information through two-component pathways and the avoidance of unwanted cross-talk require exquisite specificity of histidine kinase-response regulator interactions to ensure that cells mount the appropriate response to external signals. To identify putative specificity-determining residues, we have analyzed amino acid coevolution in two-component proteins and identified a set of residues that can be used to rationally rewire a model signaling pathway, EnvZ-OmpR. To explore how a relatively small set of residues can dictate partner selectivity, we combined alanine-scanning mutagenesis with an approach we call trajectory-scanning mutagenesis, in which all mutational intermediates between the specificity residues of EnvZ and another kinase, RstB, were systematically examined for phosphotransfer specificity. The same approach was used for the response regulators OmpR and RstA. Collectively, the results begin to reveal the molecular mechanism by which a small set of amino acids enables an individual kinase to discriminate amongst a large set of highly-related response regulators and vice versa. Our results also suggest that the mutational trajectories taken by two-component signaling proteins following gene or pathway duplication may be constrained and subject to differential selective pressures. Only some trajectories allow both the maintenance of phosphotransfer and the avoidance of unwanted cross-talk. C1 [Capra, Emily J.; Perchuk, Barrett S.; Lubin, Emma A.; Ashenberg, Orr; Laub, Michael T.] MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA USA. [Perchuk, Barrett S.; Laub, Michael T.] MIT, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Cambridge, MA USA. [Skerker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Skerker, Jeffrey M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Capra, EJ (reprint author), MIT, Dept Biol, Cambridge, MA USA. EM laub@mit.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF) FX MTL is an Early Career Scientist at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) CAREER award to MTL and an NSF Graduate Fellowship to EJC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 28 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7390 J9 PLOS GENET JI PLoS Genet. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 6 IS 11 AR e1001220 DI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001220 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 684WX UT WOS:000284587100034 PM 21124821 ER PT J AU Zwers, J Holman, R Kamph, B AF Zwers, Jow Holman, Richard Kamph, Brad TI An Education-Industry Partnership to Create the Workforce of Tomorrow SO POWER ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Holman, Richard] Idaho Natl Lab, Energy Workforce Initiat, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO ENERGY GROUP PI TULSA PA 1421 S SHERIDAN RD PO BOX 1260, TULSA, OK 74112 USA SN 0032-5961 J9 POWER ENG-US JI Power Eng. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 114 IS 11 BP 162 EP + PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 694RT UT WOS:000285316000031 ER PT J AU Sharma, AK Smedley, J Tsang, T Rao, T AF Sharma, A. K. Smedley, J. Tsang, T. Rao, T. TI A 10-Hz terawatt class Ti:sapphire laser system: Development and applications SO PRAMANA-JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT DAE-BRNS National Laser Symposium CY JAN 13-16, 2010 CL Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Mumbai, INDIA HO Bhabha Atom Res Ctr DE Femtosecond pulse generation and amplification; Ti:sapphire laser; surface nanostructuring of materials; laser-induced periodic nanostructures; nonlinear optical processes ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; MULTIPASS AMPLIFIER; AMPLIFICATION; AIR AB We developed a two-stage Ti:sapphire laser system to generate 16 mJ/80 fs laser pulses at a pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz. The key deriver for the present design is implementing a highly efficient symmetric confocal pre-amplifier and employing a simple, inexpensive synchronization scheme relying only on a commercial digital delay generator. We characterized the amplified pulses in spatial, spectral and temporal domains. The laser system was used to investigate various nonlinear optical processes, and to modify the optical properties of metal and semiconductor surfaces. We are currently building a third amplifier to boost the laser power to the multi-terawatt range. C1 [Sharma, A. K.; Smedley, J.; Tsang, T.; Rao, T.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sharma, AK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dravnishsharma@gmail.com NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INDIAN ACAD SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B #8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0304-4289 J9 PRAMANA-J PHYS JI Pramana-J. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 75 IS 5 SI SI BP 875 EP 881 DI 10.1007/s12043-010-0169-6 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 686UL UT WOS:000284721600011 ER PT J AU Bixby, RJ Zeek, EC AF Bixby, Rebecca J. Zeek, Erik C. TI A simple method for calculating valve curvature SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA LA English DT Article DE methods; shape analysis; diatom morphology; curvature AB Many closely related diatom species are differentiated by simple morphometric characters such as length, width, and striae density. In addition, simple shape descriptors, such as curvature of the valve, can also be distinguishing morphometric characters. The curvature calculation described here is an intermediate technique between simple, direct measurements (i.e., length, width) and more complex descriptors of shape. The goal of this work is to develop a simple technique to calculate diatom curvature. Curvature is calculated from the length of a chord and the length of its sagitta (the perpendicular segment between the chord to the midpoint of the arc). These parameters correspond to diatom valve length and valve deflection from the chord and are incorporated into the equation: kappa = 2h(l(2)+h(2))(-1) (where kappa = curvature, l = half of the chord length, and h = sagitta length). This equation can be utilized to estimate the curvature of the valve margin, valve margin asymmetry, and other morphological structures including apices and central area shape, and complex valve shapes. C1 [Bixby, Rebecca J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Bixby, Rebecca J.] Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Zeek, Erik C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bixby, RJ (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM bbixby@unm.edu NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACAD NATURAL SCIENCES PHILA PI PHILADELPHIA PA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PKWY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0097-3157 J9 P ACAD NAT SCI PHILA JI Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 160 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1635/053.160.0108 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V24LY UT WOS:000208413100008 ER PT J AU Kornreich, DE Bowen, DG Parsons, DK AF Kornreich, Drew E. Bowen, Douglas G. Parsons, D. Kent TI Examination of uranium and plutonium solution criticality in high-concentration solutions SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Review DE Plutonium; Uranium; Solution; Critical; Density AB It all comes down to physics. This paper describes calculations using the discrete-ordinates codes PARTISN and DANTSYS as well as the stochastic code MCNP and various cross section sets to examine the critical mass of highly enriched uranium and high-grade plutonium solutions in the concentration range of up to a few hundred grams per liter. When considering these solutions, uranium solutions have a slightly smaller critical mass in some concentration regions; a key goal is therefore to discern the underlying reasons for the differences in these solutions' critical masses. The differences in the critical masses between these two materials are primarily the result of parasitic absorption by Pu-240 in the plutonium solutions. However, even with solutions of pure U-235 and Pu-239 isotopes, the U-235 solutions still have a slightly smaller critical mass than Pu-239 solutions. This possibly counterintuitive result (at least from the non-practitioner's point of view) is primarily because U-235 is a more efficient neutron producer than Pu-239 in epithermal systems as demonstrated by an analysis of the parameter eta. Thus, these results serve as a reminder to the criticality safety community and as a point of interest to those outside of the community to avoid preconceptions when considering criticality safety in solutions of U-235 and Pu-239; these results also provide the criticality safety community with a review of the key parameters that drive neutronic behavior as found in the latest ENDF/B cross section sets and how these results compare to other cross section sets. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kornreich, Drew E.; Bowen, Douglas G.; Parsons, D. Kent] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kornreich, DE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E548, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM drewek@lanl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PD NOV PY 2010 VL 52 IS 8 BP 830 EP 836 DI 10.1016/j.pnucene.2010.07.004 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 657YJ UT WOS:000282455000016 ER PT J AU Mehere, P Han, Q Lemkul, JA Vavricka, CJ Robinson, H Bevan, DR Li, JY AF Mehere, Prajwalini Han, Qian Lemkul, Justin A. Vavricka, Christopher J. Robinson, Howard Bevan, David R. Li, Jianyong TI Tyrosine aminotransferase: biochemical and structural properties and molecular dynamics simulations SO PROTEIN & CELL LA English DT Article DE tyrosine aminotransferase; crystal structure; substrate specificity; tyrosine; tyrosinemia AB Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) catalyzes the transamination of tyrosine and other aromatic amino acids. The enzyme is thought to play a role in tyrosinemia type II, hepatitis and hepatic carcinoma recovery. The objective of this study is to investigate its biochemical and structural characteristics and substrate specificity in order to provide insight regarding its involvement in these diseases. Mouse TAT (mTAT) was cloned from a mouse cDNA library, and its recombinant protein was produced using Escherichia coli cells and purified using various chromatographic techniques. The recombinant mTAT is able to catalyze the transamination of tyrosine using a-ketoglutaric acid as an amino group acceptor at neutral pH. The enzyme also can use glutamate and phenylalanine as amino group donors and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, phenylpyruvate and alpha-ketocaproic acid as amino group acceptors. Through macromolecular crystallography we have determined the mTAT crystal structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution. The crystal structure revealed the interaction between the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor and the enzyme, as well as the formation of a disulphide bond. The detection of disulphide bond provides some rational explanation regarding previously observed TAT inactivation under oxidative conditions and reactivation of the inactive TAT in the presence of a reducing agent. Molecular dynamics simulations using the crystal structures of Trypanosoma cruzi TAT and human TAT provided further insight regarding the substrate-enzyme interactions and substrate specificity. The biochemical and structural properties of TAT and the binding of its cofactor and the substrate may help in elucidation of the mechanism of TAT inhibition and activation. C1 [Mehere, Prajwalini; Han, Qian; Lemkul, Justin A.; Vavricka, Christopher J.; Bevan, David R.; Li, Jianyong] Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Vavricka, Christopher J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Microbiol, CAS Key Lab Pathogenic Microbiol & Immunol, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, JY (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM lij@vt.edu RI Han, Qian/J-8696-2014; OI Han, Qian/0000-0001-6245-5252; Lemkul, Justin/0000-0001-6661-8653 FU NINDS [NS062836] FX This work was supported in part by a research grant from NINDS (NS062836) and carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory. We are grateful to Stephanie N. Lewis for helping with molecular docking. NR 57 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS PI BEIJING PA SHATANHOU ST 55, BEIJING 100009, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1674-800X J9 PROTEIN CELL JI Protein Cell PD NOV PY 2010 VL 1 IS 11 BP 1023 EP 1032 DI 10.1007/s13238-010-0128-5 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA V25XX UT WOS:000208511800009 PM 21153519 ER PT J AU Sampathkumar, P Lu, F Zhao, X Li, ZZ Gilmore, J Bain, K Rutter, ME Gheyi, T Schwinn, KD Bonanno, JB Pieper, U Fajardo, JE Fiser, A Almo, SC Swaminathan, S Chance, MR Baker, D Atwell, S Thompson, DA Emtage, JS Wasserman, SR Sali, A Sauder, JM Burley, SK AF Sampathkumar, Parthasarathy Lu, Frances Zhao, Xun Li, Zhenzhen Gilmore, Jeremiah Bain, Kevin Rutter, Marc E. Gheyi, Tarun Schwinn, Kenneth D. Bonanno, Jeffrey B. Pieper, Ursula Fajardo, J. Eduardo Fiser, Andras Almo, Steven C. Swaminathan, Subramanyam Chance, Mark R. Baker, David Atwell, Shane Thompson, Devon A. Emtage, J. Spencer Wasserman, Stephen R. Sali, Andrej Sauder, J. Michael Burley, Stephen K. TI Structure of a putative BenF-like porin from Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 at 2.6 angstrom resolution SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE BenF-like; substrate-specific porin; OprD superfamily; OprD subfamily; OpdK subfamily; benzoate; Pseudomonas; integral membrane protein ID COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE; OUTER-MEMBRANE; AERUGINOSA; PUTIDA; DIMENSIONS; PROTEINS; DATABASE; CHANNEL; MODELS; TOOLS C1 [Sampathkumar, Parthasarathy; Lu, Frances; Zhao, Xun; Li, Zhenzhen; Gilmore, Jeremiah; Bain, Kevin; Rutter, Marc E.; Gheyi, Tarun; Schwinn, Kenneth D.; Atwell, Shane; Thompson, Devon A.; Emtage, J. Spencer; Sauder, J. Michael; Burley, Stephen K.] Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Biotechnol Ctr, New York SGX Res Ctr Struct Genom NYSGXRC, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Bonanno, Jeffrey B.; Fajardo, J. Eduardo; Fiser, Andras; Almo, Steven C.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Pieper, Ursula; Sali, Andrej] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Pieper, Ursula; Sali, Andrej] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Pieper, Ursula; Sali, Andrej] Univ Calif San Francisco, Calif Inst Quantitat Biosci, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Fajardo, J. Eduardo; Fiser, Andras] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Syst & Computat Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. [Swaminathan, Subramanyam] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chance, Mark R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Prote & Bioinformat, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Baker, David] Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wasserman, Stephen R.] Eli Lilly & Co, LRL CAT, Adv Photon Source, Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sampathkumar, P (reprint author), Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Biotechnol Ctr, New York SGX Res Ctr Struct Genom NYSGXRC, 10300 Campus Point Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. EM sampathkumarpa@lilly.com RI Baker, David/K-8941-2012 OI Baker, David/0000-0001-7896-6217 FU NIH [U54 GM074945, NIH R01 GM54762]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Grant sponsor: NIH; Grant number: U54 GM074945, NIH R01 GM54762; Grant sponsor: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Access to the LRL-CAT beam-line facilities at Sector 31 of the advanced photon source was provided by Eli Lilly and Company, which operates the facility. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Atomic coordinates and structure factors of PflBenF were deposited to the PDB (www.rcsb.org) on 14 September 2009 with PDB accession code 3JTY. The NYSGXRC target identifier for PflBenF in TargetDB (http://targetdb.pdb.org) is "NYSGXRC-10383p.'' Expression clone sequences and selected interim experimental results are available in PepcDB (http://pepcdb.pdb.org/). NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 78 IS 14 BP 3056 EP 3062 DI 10.1002/prot.22829 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 660TA UT WOS:000282665900016 PM 20737437 ER PT J AU Bhatti, P Yong, LC Doody, MM Preston, DL Kampa, DM Ramsey, MJ Ward, EM Edwards, AA Ron, E Tucker, JD Sigurdson, AJ AF Bhatti, Parveen Yong, Lee C. Doody, Michele M. Preston, Dale L. Kampa, Diane M. Ramsey, Marilyn J. Ward, Elizabeth M. Edwards, Alan A. Ron, Elaine Tucker, James D. Sigurdson, Alice J. TI Diagnostic X-ray examinations and increased chromosome translocations: evidence from three studies SO RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS; US RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS; INCREASED FREQUENCY; IONIZING-RADIATION; MEDICAL RADIATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; CANCER-RISKS; EXPOSURE; CT; COHORT AB Controversy regarding potential health risks from increased use of medical diagnostic radiologic examinations has come to public attention. We evaluated whether chromosome damage, specifically translocations, which are a potentially intermediate biomarker for cancer risk, was increased after exposure to diagnostic X-rays, with particular interest in the ionizing radiation dose-response below the level of approximately 50 mGy. Chromosome translocation frequency data from three separately conducted occupational studies of ionizing radiation were pooled together. Studies 1 and 2 included 79 and 150 medical radiologic technologists, respectively, and study 3 included 83 airline pilots and 50 university faculty members (total = 155 women and 207 men; mean age = 62 years, range 34-90). Information on personal history of radiographic examinations was collected from a detailed questionnaire. We computed a cumulative red bone marrow (RBM) dose score based on the numbers and types of X-ray examinations reported with 1 unit approximating 1 mGy. Poisson regression analyses were adjusted for age and laboratory method. Mean RBM dose scores were 49, 42, and 11 for Studies 1-3, respectively (overall mean = 33.5, range 0-303). Translocation frequencies significantly increased with increasing dose score (P < 0.001). Restricting the analysis to the lowest dose scores of under 50 did not materially change these results. We conclude that chromosome damage is associated with low levels of radiation exposure from diagnostic X-ray examinations, including dose scores of approximately 50 and lower, suggesting the possibility of long-term adverse health effects. C1 [Bhatti, Parveen] Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA USA. [Bhatti, Parveen; Doody, Michele M.; Ron, Elaine; Sigurdson, Alice J.] NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Yong, Lee C.] NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. [Preston, Dale L.] HiroSoft Int Corp, Seattle, WA USA. [Kampa, Diane M.] Univ Minnesota, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Ramsey, Marilyn J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Ward, Elizabeth M.] Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Edwards, Alan A.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Tucker, James D.] Wayne State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Bhatti, P (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Program Epidemiol, POB 19024,M4-B874, Seattle, WA USA. EM pbhatti@fhcrc.org FU Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; National Cancer Institute [Y1CP802904]; US DOE by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-ENG-48] FX This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute and in part by an interagency agreement between the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the National Cancer Institute (contract Y1CP802904). Work was performed in part under the auspices of the US DOE by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract no. W-7405-ENG-48. We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0301-634X J9 RADIAT ENVIRON BIOPH JI Radiat. Environ. Biophys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 49 IS 4 BP 685 EP 692 DI 10.1007/s00411-010-0307-z PG 8 WC Biology; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 671KS UT WOS:000283504900015 PM 20602108 ER PT J AU Peintler-Krivan, E Van Berkel, GJ Kertesz, V AF Peintler-Krivan, Emese Van Berkel, Gary J. Kertesz, Vilmos TI Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole)-modified emitter electrode for substitution of homogeneous redox buffer agent hydroquinone in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID ION-SOURCE; ANALYTE OXIDATION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; NANOSPRAY C1 [Peintler-Krivan, Emese; Van Berkel, Gary J.; Kertesz, Vilmos] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kertesz, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Organ & Biol Mass Spectrometry Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kerteszv@ornl.gov RI Kertesz, Vilmos/M-8357-2016 OI Kertesz, Vilmos/0000-0003-0186-5797 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 24 IS 22 BP 3368 EP 3371 DI 10.1002/rcm.4770 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 677VZ UT WOS:000284023400019 PM 20973013 ER PT J AU Jakubowski, AR Casler, MD Jackson, RD AF Jakubowski, Andrew R. Casler, Michael D. Jackson, Randall D. TI The Benefits of Harvesting Wetland Invaders for Cellulosic Biofuel: An Ecosystem Services Perspective SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive species; novel ecosystems; nutrient management; Phalaris arundinacea; restoration ID PHALARIS-ARUNDINACEA L; REED CANARY-GRASS; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; ECONOMIC COSTS; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; CONSERVATION; AGRICULTURE; ENERGY AB The emerging interest in cellulosic biofuel production has led the call for alternative cropping systems that maximize production along with the accompanying regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services. We evaluate the potential for biomass harvested from invaded wetlands to achieve these goals. The ecosystem service trade-offs associated with a wetland invader harvest are evaluated followed by a case study estimating the energy production and nutrient removal of harvesting Phalaris arundinacea from invaded wetlands in Wisconsin, United States. Estimates for energy production from this single species harvest dwarf current renewable energy sources for the state of Wisconsin and offer the potential to recapture approximately 50-200% of the excess nitrogen and phosphorus annually applied as fertilizer. This restoration technique would not only generate income from biomass sales to subsidize the cost of restoration, but also has the potential to shift the system toward more desirable environmental conditions by removing nutrients annually, reducing downstream eutrophication, and enhancing the ability of more desirable vegetation to establish by removing the litter layer created by the invasive species. C1 [Jakubowski, Andrew R.; Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Casler, Michael D.] USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jackson, Randall D.] Univ Wisconsin, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jakubowski, AR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Jakubowski@wisc.edu RI Jakubowski, Andrew/F-4905-2010 FU GLCI [941-3]; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX This work was funded in part by GLCI grant 941-3 and by the DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science BER DE-FC02-07ER64494). NR 59 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 18 IS 6 BP 789 EP 795 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00738.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 674EW UT WOS:000283718000002 ER PT J AU Antici, P Chen, SN Gremillet, L Grismayer, T Mora, P Audebert, P Fuchs, J AF Antici, P. Chen, S. N. Gremillet, L. Grismayer, T. Mora, P. Audebert, P. Fuchs, J. TI Time and space resolved interferometry for laser-generated fast electron measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SOLID INTERACTIONS; WAVE MECHANICS; PLASMA; PULSES; TRANSPORT; IGNITION; INCREASE; TARGET; MATTER AB A technique developed to measure in time and space the dynamics of the electron populations resulting from the irradiation of thin solids by ultraintense lasers is presented. It is a phase reflectometry technique that uses an optical probe beam reflecting off the target rear surface. The phase of the probe beam is sensitive to both laser-produced fast electrons of low-density streaming into vacuum and warm solid density electrons that are heated by the fast electrons. A time and space resolved interferometer allows to recover the phase of the probe beam sampling the target. The entire diagnostic is computationally modeled by calculating the probe beam phase when propagating through plasma density profiles originating from numerical calculations of plasma expansion. Matching the modeling to the experimental measurements allows retrieving the initial electron density and temperature of both populations locally at the target surface with very high temporal and spatial resolution (similar to 4 ps, 6 mu m). Limitations and approximations of the diagnostic are discussed and analyzed. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3499250] C1 [Antici, P.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-4000044 Frascati, Italy. [Antici, P.] ILE Ecole Polytech CNRS ENSTA Iogs UP Sud, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. [Antici, P.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Sci Base & Applicate Ingn, I-00161 Rome, Italy. [Antici, P.; Audebert, P.; Fuchs, J.] UPMC, LULI, Ecole Polytech, CNRS,CEA, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Chen, S. N.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Gremillet, L.] DIF, CEA, DAM, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Grismayer, T.; Mora, P.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Ctr Phys Theor, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. RP Antici, P (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Via E Fermi, I-4000044 Frascati, Italy. EM patrizio.antici@polytechnique.edu; julien.fuchs@polytechnique.fr RI Grismayer, Thomas/J-4850-2013; Fuchs, Julien/D-3450-2016; OI Grismayer, Thomas/0000-0002-0045-389X; Fuchs, Julien/0000-0001-9765-0787; chen, sophia n./0000-0002-3372-7666 FU Region Ile-de-France [E1127]; EU [HPRI CT 1999-0052]; ANR-France [ANR-06-BLAN-0392]; Marie Curie Actions; British Council/Egide/Alliance FX We acknowledge the expert support of the LULI laser team and the help and useful discussions with J.P. Geindre. This work was supported by Marie Curie Actions, British Council/Egide/Alliance, Grant No. E1127 from Region Ile-de-France, the EU Program No. HPRI CT 1999-0052, projects ELI and SPARX-FEL, and ANR-06-BLAN-0392 from ANR-France. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 81 IS 11 AR 113302 DI 10.1063/1.3499250 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 690LO UT WOS:000285006500011 PM 21133464 ER PT J AU Yong, GJ Kolagani, RM Adhikari, S Drury, OB Gardner, C Bionta, RM Friedrich, S AF Yong, G. J. Kolagani, Rajeswari M. Adhikari, S. Drury, O. B. Gardner, C. Bionta, R. M. Friedrich, S. TI Heteroepitaxy of Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3 on silicon for bolometric x-ray detector application SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY; THIN-FILMS; LASER; SILVER AB We have recently reported the design concept and sensor fabrication for a novel bolometric x-ray detector based on a rare earth manganite material for application as a total energy monitor for the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free electron laser at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The detector employs epitaxial thin films of Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3 grown on Si by pulsed laser deposition. In this paper we report details of the fabrication of the actual detector, its response characteristics under photon illumination from LCLS, and improvements in the growth scheme of the sensor material on Si using a buffer/template layer scheme that employs yttria-stabilized zirconia, cerium oxide (CeO2), and bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12). The thermal sensor response changes linearly with the energy of an optical calibration laser as expected, and the signals from optical and x-ray pulses at LCLS are very similar, thereby validating the design concept. To the best of our knowledge, the LCLS detector application reported here is the first practical use of colossal magnetoresistive manganite bolometers. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3499244] C1 [Yong, G. J.; Kolagani, Rajeswari M.; Adhikari, S.] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Drury, O. B.; Gardner, C.; Bionta, R. M.; Friedrich, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yong, GJ (reprint author), Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. EM gyong@towson.edu; rkolagani@towson.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University; Cottrell College Science; Research Corporation [CC 6291] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. We acknowledge the support from the undergraduate research grants to Sanjay Adhikari from the Jess and Mildred Fisher College of Science and Mathematics, Towson University. Thanks are due to Jeff Klupt for help with laboratory instrumentation. R.M.K. acknowledges the support from the Cottrell College Science Award from the Research Corporation through Grant No. CC 6291. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 81 IS 11 AR 113906 DI 10.1063/1.3499244 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 690LO UT WOS:000285006500032 PM 21133485 ER PT J AU Nakel, K Hartung, SA Bonneau, F Eckmann, CR Conti, E AF Nakel, Katharina Hartung, Sophia A. Bonneau, Fabien Eckmann, Christian R. Conti, Elena TI Four KH domains of the C. elegans Bicaudal-C ortholog GLD-3 form a globular structural platform SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE post-translational control; germline development; RNA-binding protein; protein-protein interaction; SAXS ID HUMAN POLY(C)-BINDING PROTEIN-2; X-RAY SOLUTION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; POLY(A) POLYMERASE; SCATTERING SAXS; BINDING PROTEIN; RNA; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; GERMLINE AB Caenorhabditis elegans GLD-3 is a five K homology (KH) domain-containing protein involved in the translational control of germline-specific mRNAs during embryogenesis. GLD-3 interacts with the cytoplasmic poly(A)-polymerase GLD-2. The two proteins cooperate to recognize target mRNAs and convert them into a polyadenylated, translationally active state. We report the 2.8-angstrom-resolution crystal structure of a proteolytically stable fragment encompassing the KH2, KH3, KH4, and KH5 domains of C. elegans GLD-3. The structure reveals that the four tandem KH domains are organized into a globular structural unit. The domains are involved in extensive side-by-side interactions, similar to those observed in previous structures of dimeric KH domains, as well as head-to-toe interactions. Small-angle X-ray scattering reconstructions show that the N-terminal KH domain (KH1) forms a thumb-like protrusion on the KH2-KH5 unit. Although KH domains are putative RNA-binding modules, the KH region of GLD-3 is unable in isolation to cross-link RNA. Instead, the KH1 domain mediates the direct interaction with the poly(A)-polymerase GLD-2, pointing to a function of the KH region as a protein-protein interaction platform. C1 [Nakel, Katharina; Bonneau, Fabien; Conti, Elena] Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Struct Cell Biol, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. [Hartung, Sophia A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eckmann, Christian R.] Max Planck Inst Mol Cell Biol & Genet, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. RP Conti, E (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biochem, Dept Struct Cell Biol, Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. EM conti@biochem.mpg.de FU Max Planck Gesellschaft; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [FOR855]; [Sonderforschungsbereich SFB646] FX We thank the staff of the PX beamlines at the Swiss Light Source (Villigen, Switzerland) for assistance during data collection; C. Basquin for fluorescence anisotropy and static light scattering experiments; the MPI-Biochemistry Core Facility for mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing; and K. Valer-Saldana, S. Pleyer, and J. Basquin at the MPI-Biochemistry crystallization facility. We also thank members of our laboratories for comments and critical reading of the manuscript and Monika Krause for the drawing in Figure 1B. This study was supported by the Max Planck Gesellschaft (E. C., C. E.), the Sonderforschungsbereich SFB646, and the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (E. C.), a FOR855 (DFG) grant (C. R. E.), and a DFG grant (K.N.). (former Buttner). NR 34 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2058 EP 2067 DI 10.1261/rna.2315010 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 665PM UT WOS:000283047900003 PM 20823118 ER PT J AU Edwards, AL Reyes, FE Heroux, A Batey, RT AF Edwards, Andrea L. Reyes, Francis E. Heroux, Annie Batey, Robert T. TI Structural basis for recognition of S-adenosylhomocysteine by riboswitches SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE riboswitch; S-adenosylhomocysteine; X-ray crystallography; isothermal titration calorimetry; chemical probing ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE RESOLUTION; RNA STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; SHAPE CHEMISTRY; MOLECULAR-REPLACEMENT; TERTIARY INTERACTIONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HEAT-CAPACITY; ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION AB S-adenosyl-(L)-homocysteine (SAH) riboswitches are regulatory elements found in bacterial mRNAs that up-regulate genes involved in the S-adenosyl-(L)-methionine (SAM) regeneration cycle. To understand the structural basis of SAH-dependent regulation by RNA, we have solved the structure of its metabolite-binding domain in complex with SAH. This structure reveals an unusual pseudoknot topology that creates a shallow groove on the surface of the RNA that binds SAH primarily through interactions with the adenine ring and methionine main chain atoms and discriminates against SAM through a steric mechanism. Chemical probing and calorimetric analysis indicate that the unliganded RNA can access bound-like conformations that are significantly stabilized by SAH to direct folding of the downstream regulatory switch. Strikingly, we find that metabolites bearing an adenine ring, including ATP, bind this aptamer with sufficiently high affinity such that normal intracellular concentrations of these compounds may influence regulation of the riboswitch. C1 [Edwards, Andrea L.; Reyes, Francis E.; Batey, Robert T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heroux, Annie] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Batey, RT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.batey@colorado.edu RI Batey, Robert/A-8265-2009 OI Batey, Robert/0000-0002-1384-6625 FU National Institutes of Health [R01 GM083953] FX We are grateful to members of the Batey laboratory, Sunny Gilbert, Colby Stoddard, Jeffrey Kieft, and Jennifer Pfingsten, for their critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 GM083953). NR 57 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2144 EP 2155 DI 10.1261/rna.2341610 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 665PM UT WOS:000283047900011 PM 20864509 ER PT J AU Chaulk, S Lu, J Tan, KM Arthur, DC Edwards, RA Frost, LS Joachimiak, A Glover, JNM AF Chaulk, Steven Lu, Jun Tan, Kemin Arthur, David C. Edwards, Ross A. Frost, Laura S. Joachimiak, Andrzej Glover, J. N. Mark TI N. meningitidis 1681 is a member of the FinO family of RNA chaperones SO RNA BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE FinO; plasmid conjugation; RNA chaperone; sRNA; antisense RNA ID F-LIKE PLASMIDS; ANTISENSE RNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; PROTEIN; REPRESSOR; BINDING; SYSTEM; TRAJ; HFQ AB The conjugative transfer of F-like plasmids between bacteria is regulated by the plasmid-encoded RNA chaperone, FinO, which facilitates sense-antisense RNA interactions to regulate plasmid gene expression. FinO was thought to adopt a unique structure, however many putative homologs have been identified in microbial genomes and are considered members of the FinO_conjugation_repressor superfamily. We were interested in determining whether other members were also able to bind RNA and promote duplex formation, suggesting that this motif does indeed identify a putative RNA chaperone. We determined the crystal structure of the N. meningitidis MC58 protein NMB1681. It revealed striking similarity to FinO, with a conserved fold and a large, positively charged surface that could function in RNA interactions. Using assays developed to study FinO-FinP sRNA interactions, NMB1681, like FinO, bound tightly to FinP RNA stem-loops with short 5' and 3' single-stranded tails but not to ssRNA. It also was able to catalyze strand exchange between an RNA duplex and a complementary single-strand, and facilitated duplexing between complementary RNA hairpins. Finally, NMB1681 was able to rescue a finO deficiency and repress F plasmid conjugation. This study strongly suggests that NMB1681 is a FinO-like RNA chaperone that likely regulates gene expression through RNA-based mechanisms in N. meningitidis. C1 [Chaulk, Steven; Lu, Jun; Arthur, David C.; Edwards, Ross A.; Glover, J. N. Mark] Univ Alberta, Sch Mol & Syst Med, Dept Biochem, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Frost, Laura S.] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Tan, Kemin; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Midwest Ctr Struct Genom, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tan, Kemin; Joachimiak, Andrzej] Argonne Natl Lab, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Glover, JNM (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Sch Mol & Syst Med, Dept Biochem, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM mark.glover@ualberta.ca FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); National Institutes of Health [GM074942]; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute FX The authors wish to thank members of Structural Biology Center at Argonne National Laboratory for their help with data collection at the 19ID beamline. We also thank Min Zhou, Erika Duggan and James Abdullah for helps in cloning, protein expression, purification and crystallization. This work was supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) to J.N.M.G. and National Institutes of Health grant GM074942 and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357 to A.J. J.N.M.G. acknowledges the support of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute International Scholar program. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1547-6286 J9 RNA BIOL JI RNA Biol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 7 IS 6 SI SI BP 812 EP 819 DI 10.4161/rna.7.6.13688 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 736JN UT WOS:000288490500019 PM 21045552 ER PT J AU Holm, EA Olmsted, DL Foiles, SM AF Holm, Elizabeth A. Olmsted, David L. Foiles, Stephen M. TI Comparing grain boundary energies in face-centered cubic metals: Al, Au, Cu and Ni SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary energy; Grain boundary structure; Misorientation; MD-simulations ID INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS AB The energy of 388 grain boundaries in Al, Au, Cu and Ni were calculated using atomistic simulations. Grain boundary energies in different elements are strongly correlated. Consistent with a dislocation model for grain boundary structure, the boundary energy scales with the shear modulus. Boundaries with substantial stacking fault character scale with the stacking fault energy. There is more scatter in the data for Al, which has a high stacking fault energy, than for the low stacking fault energy elements. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holm, Elizabeth A.; Olmsted, David L.; Foiles, Stephen M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Mat Sci & Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM eaholm@sandia.gov RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016; OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769; Foiles, Stephen/0000-0002-1907-454X FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Sandia National Laboratories; US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Support for this work was provided by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 49 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 9 BP 905 EP 908 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.06.040 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 652GD UT WOS:000281990300001 ER PT J AU Lin, ZJ Wang, L Zhang, JZ Guo, XY Yang, WG Mao, HK Zhao, YS AF Lin, Z. J. Wang, Lin Zhang, Jianzhong Guo, Xiang-Yun Yang, Wenge Mao, Ho-Kwang Zhao, Yusheng TI Nanoscale twinning-induced elastic strengthening in silicon carbide nanowires SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nano-twin; High pressure; Synchrotron; Silicon carbide ID SIZE-INDUCED STIFFNESS; CRITICAL PRESSURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; NANOCRYSTALS; NITRIDE; CARBON AB Compressibility of periodically twinned silicon carbide nanowires is studied using in situ high pressure X-ray diffraction. Twinned SiC nanowires displayed a bulk modulus of 316 GPa, similar to 20-40% higher than previously reported values for SiC of other morphologies. This finding provides direct evidence of a significant effect of twinned structures on the elastic properties of SiC on the nano scale and supports previous molecular dynamics simulations of twin boundary/stacking fault-induced strengthening. Both experiments and simulations indicate that nanoscale twinning is an effective pathway by which to tailor the mechanical properties of nanostructures. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lin, Z. J.; Zhang, Jianzhong; Zhao, Yusheng] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Lin; Yang, Wenge; Mao, Ho-Kwang] Carnegie Inst Washington, HPSynC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Wang, Lin] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Superhard Mat, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Guo, Xiang-Yun] Inst Coal Chem, State Key Lab Coal Convers, Taiyuan 030001, Peoples R China. RP Lin, ZJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM zlin@lanl.gov RI Lin, Zhijun/A-5543-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; WANG, LIN/G-7884-2012; OI Zhang, Jianzhong/0000-0001-5508-1782 FU DOE [M68008855]; Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE, Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001057]; US DOE, Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Stanislav V. Sinogeikin for experimental help. This research was supported by DOE/EERE-ITP Program No. M68008855 and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work was also supported as part of Efree, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the DOE, Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0001057. Use of the HPCAT facility was supported by DOE-BES, DOE-NNSA, the NSF and the W.M. Keck Foundation. Use of the APS was supported by the US DOE, Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 10 BP 981 EP 984 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.07.023 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 658AU UT WOS:000282461800008 ER PT J AU Myers, M Fu, EG Myers, M Wang, HY Xie, GQ Wang, X Chu, WK Shao, L AF Myers, Michael Fu, E. G. Myers, Michelle Wang, Haiyan Xie, Guoqiang Wang, X. Chu, W-K Shao, Lin TI An experimental and modeling study on the role of damage cascade formation in nanocrystalization of ion-irradiated Ni52.5Nb10Zr15Ti15Pt7.5 metallic glass SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Finite element analysis; Metallic glass; Ion irradiation; Crystallization ID BULK AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR; NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; TRANSFORMATION AB We have shown that I MeV Ni+ ion irradiation can cause nanocrystal formation in Ni52.5Nb10Zr15Ti15Pt7.5 metallic glass (MG). The process requires precipitate formation and subsequent crystal growth within the precipitates. Temperature evolution modeling of damage cascades suggests a locally melted region within the damage cascade with substantial temperature gradients and rapid energy dissipation, with a quenching rate much larger than MG's critical cooling rate. Thus, the damage cascade regions do not directly develop nanocrystals. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Myers, Michael; Shao, Lin] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fu, E. G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Myers, Michelle; Wang, Haiyan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Xie, Guoqiang] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Wang, X.; Chu, W-K] Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Wang, X.; Chu, W-K] Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Shao, L (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM lshao@mailaps.org RI Xie, Guoqiang/A-8619-2011; Wang, Haiyan/P-3550-2014 OI Wang, Haiyan/0000-0002-7397-1209 FU NRC; National Science Foundation [0846835] FX L.S. acknowledge the support from NRC Early Career Development Program and National Science Foundation under Career Award CMMI-0846835. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1045 EP 1048 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.07.027 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 663EV UT WOS:000282866700003 ER PT J AU Tonks, M Millett, P Cai, W Wolf, D AF Tonks, Michael Millett, Paul Cai, Wei Wolf, Dieter TI Analysis of the elastic strain energy driving force for grain boundary migration using phase field simulation SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Grain boundary migration; Elastic deformation; Phase field model; Microstructure evolution AB We investigate elastic energy-driven grain boundary migration in a strained copper bicrystal using an atomistically informed phase field model. In a bicrystal experiencing a uniform strain, the softer grain has a lower energy density and grows at the expense of the harder grain. In a bicrystal experiencing heterogeneous strain, the softer grain has a higher energy density, yet it still grows. Our findings suggest that the softer grain will grow, irrespective of the difference in the energy densities. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Tonks, Michael; Wolf, Dieter] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Cai, Wei] Stanford Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tonks, M (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Modeling & Simulat, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Michael.Tonks@inl.gov OI Cai, Wei/0000-0001-5919-8734 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy; US Department of Energy [DE-AC07-05ID14517, INL/JOU-10-18575] FX The authors wish to thank Anter El-Azab of Florida State University for useful discussions on how to include the effects of stress in phase field models. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Advanced Modeling and Simulation program. This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the US Department of Energy (INL/JOU-10-18575). NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1049 EP 1052 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.07.034 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 663EV UT WOS:000282866700004 ER PT J AU Wayne, L Krishnan, K DiGiacomo, S Kovvali, N Peralta, P Luo, SN Greenfield, S Byler, D Paisley, D McClellan, KJ Koskelo, A Dickerson, R AF Wayne, L. Krishnan, K. DiGiacomo, S. Kovvali, N. Peralta, P. Luo, S. N. Greenfield, S. Byler, D. Paisley, D. McClellan, K. J. Koskelo, A. Dickerson, R. TI Statistics of weak grain boundaries for spall damage in polycrystalline copper SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Misorientation; Copper; Grain boundaries; Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD); Spall AB Correlations between spall damage and local microstructure were investigated using polycrystalline copper samples via laser-driven plate impacts at low pressures. Electron backscattering diffraction was used to relate the presence of porosity to microstructural features such as grain boundaries and triple points. Preferred void-nucleation sites were identified in terms of their crystallography via statistical sampling in serial sectioned specimens. Results indicate that terminated twins and grain boundaries with misorientations between 25 and 500 are the preferred locations for intergranular damage localization. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wayne, L.; Krishnan, K.; DiGiacomo, S.; Kovvali, N.; Peralta, P.] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Luo, S. N.; Greenfield, S.; Byler, D.; Paisley, D.; McClellan, K. J.; Koskelo, A.; Dickerson, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peralta, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM pperalta@asu.edu RI Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; Dickerson, Robert/C-9237-2013 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; FU LANL under LDRD [20060021DR]; Department of Energy, NNSA under SSAA [DE-FG52-06NA26169, DE-FG52-10NA29653]; AFOSR [FA95550-06-1-0309] FX This research work was funded by LANL under LDRD # 20060021DR, and by the Department of Energy, NNSA, under SSAA Grants # DE-FG52-06NA26169 and DE-FG52-10NA29653. N. Kovvali was funded by AFOSR Grant FA95550-06-1-0309. Eric Loomis, Pat Dickerson (LANL), Damian Swift (LLNL), David Wright, and Dallas Kingsbury (ASU) are thanked for their help during the various phases of the research work. Access to the TRIDENT Facility & Electron Microscopy Laboratory at LANL, as well as the Center for High Resolution Electron Microscopy and the Mechanical Testing Laboratory at ASU is gratefully acknowledged. NR 12 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1065 EP 1068 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.003 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 663EV UT WOS:000282866700008 ER PT J AU Zhou, CZ Biner, S LeSar, R AF Zhou, Caizhi Biner, S. LeSar, Richard TI Simulations of the effect of surface coatings on plasticity at small scales SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Dislocation dynamics; Plastic deformation; Small scales; Cross-slip ID PARAMETRIC DISLOCATION DYNAMICS; NICKEL MICROCRYSTALS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; MICRO-PILLARS; DEFORMATION; COMPRESSION; STRENGTH; MICROPILLARS; BEHAVIOR; FLOW AB Three-dimensional dislocation dynamics simulations were employed to examine how hard coatings affect plastic deformation in micron- and submicron-sized, single-crystal pillars ("micropillars") of nickel. Cross-slip of dislocations in the coated samples was found to be necessary for the formation of banded structures and subcells. Our simulations thus offer an explanation for both the significant increases in compressive strength and the higher strain-hardening rate as well as formation of banded structures in coated micropillars. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Zhou, Caizhi; LeSar, Richard] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhou, Caizhi; Biner, S.; LeSar, Richard] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP LeSar, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM lesar@iastate.edu RI Zhou, Caizhi/A-7983-2012; LeSar, Richard/G-1609-2012 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1096 EP 1099 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.012 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 663EV UT WOS:000282866700016 ER PT J AU Yu, ZZ Choo, H Feng, ZL Vogel, SC AF Yu, Zhenzhen Choo, Hahn Feng, Zhili Vogel, Sven C. TI Influence of thermo-mechanical parameters on texture and tensile behavior of friction stir processed Mg alloy SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Magnesium; Friction stir processing; Texture; Tensile behavior ID AL-ZN ALLOY; MAGNESIUM ALLOY; GRAIN-SIZE; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; HOT-WORKING; DEFORMATION; AZ31 AB The influence of strain rate and temperature during friction stir processing (FSP) on the texture and tensile behavior of a Mg alloy has been investigated. By varying key processing parameters systematically, i.e. rotation and travel rates of the tool, a series of FSP specimens were prepared with a wide range of thermo-mechanical inputs in terms of the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z). Neutron diffraction results showed a dramatic change in texture as Z increased. The resulting tensile behavior in the stir zone also illustrates the influence of Z. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yu, Zhenzhen; Choo, Hahn] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Feng, Zhili] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Vogel, Sven C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Choo, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hchoo@utk.edu RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012; Yu, Zhenzhen/A-5650-2013; Choo, Hahn/A-5494-2009; OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933; Choo, Hahn/0000-0002-8006-8907; Vogel, Sven C./0000-0003-2049-0361 FU NSF [DMR.0421219]; US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This research was supported by NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) program under contract DMR.0421219. This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the US Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. This work has also benefited from the Automotive Light-weighting Materials Program, Office of Freedom Car and Vehicle Technologies, Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy, under contract with UT-Battelle, LLC. The authors are grateful to A.D. Frederick, D.E. Fielden and G. Wang for their help during the experiments. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1112 EP 1115 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.016 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 663EV UT WOS:000282866700020 ER PT J AU Sansoz, F Dupont, V AF Sansoz, Frederic Dupont, Virginie TI Nanoindentation and plasticity in nanocrystalline Ni nanowires: A case study in size effect mitigation SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Nanowire; Nanocrystalline microstructure; Nanoindentation; Plasticity ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; GOLD NANOWIRES; STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; INDENTATION; METAL; NUCLEATION; NANOSCALE; MECHANISM AB We examine the processes of spherical indentation and tension in Ni nanowires and thin films containing random distributions of nanoscale grains by molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the resistance to nanoindentation of nanocrystalline Ni nanowires with diameters of 12 and 30 nm tends not to depend on the wire diameter and free surfaces, contrary to nanoindentation in single-crystalline nanowires. Accommodation of plastic deformation by grain boundary sliding suggests a mitigation strategy for sample boundary effects in nanoscale plasticity. (C) 2010 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sansoz, Frederic] Univ Vermont, Sch Engn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Sansoz, Frederic] Univ Vermont, Mat Sci Program, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Dupont, Virginie] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sansoz, F (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Engn, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM frederic.sansoz@uvm.edu RI Rollin, Virginie/G-5147-2010; Sansoz, Frederic/A-3204-2008 OI Rollin, Virginie/0000-0003-2572-5967; Sansoz, Frederic/0000-0002-2782-1832 FU NSF [DMR-0747658]; Vermont Advanced Computing Center (NASA) [NNX06AC88G] FX Support from NSF CAREER program (grant DMR-0747658) and the computational resources provided by the Vermont Advanced Computing Center (NASA grant NNX06AC88G) are gratefully acknowledged. The simulations shown in this work were performed using LAMMPS [31]. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 63 IS 11 BP 1136 EP 1139 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.028 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 663EV UT WOS:000282866700026 ER PT J AU Miller, DC Foster, RR Jen, SH Bertrand, JA Cunningham, SJ Morris, AS Lee, YC George, SM Dunn, ML AF Miller, David C. Foster, Ross R. Jen, Shih-Hui Bertrand, Jacob A. Cunningham, Shawn J. Morris, Arthur S. Lee, Yung-Cheng George, Steven M. Dunn, Martin L. TI Thermo-mechanical properties of alumina films created using the atomic layer deposition technique SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE Thin film; Mechanical properties; Reliability; Robustness ID INDENTATION FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; THIN-FILMS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PART I; ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; COATED SYSTEMS; RF MEMS AB Interdigitated humidity sensors with atomic layer deposited (ALD) coatings of aluminum oxide demonstrated no leakage current relative to uncoated sensors stored in the ambient indicating Al(2)O(3) may be used to limit the effects of H(2)O and other chemical species in miniaturized mechanical- and electronic-devices The long term durability of such coatings is not known but may be predicted from the related material characteristics The modulus and hardness of Al(2)O(3) were therefore measured by nanoindentation using a Berkovich tip Because the coatings are brittle and possess a significant tensile stress the influence of film stress on the indentation measurements was quantified using a numerical analysis protocol which also considered the effect of substrate compliance The film stress and coefficient of thermal expansion for Al(2)O(3) were determined using the wafer curvature method Film stress was characterized using thermal cycling up to 500 C Separate Si/SiO(2)/Si microcantilever arrays demonstrated a stress variation according to the thickness of Al(2)O(3) coatings Fracture toughness was examined by indentation with a cube-corner tip the estimates are subject to film stress and the material-dependent geometry factor (c) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Miller, David C.; Foster, Ross R.; Lee, Yung-Cheng; Dunn, Martin L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jen, Shih-Hui; Bertrand, Jacob A.; George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cunningham, Shawn J.; Morris, Arthur S.] WiSpry Inc, Irvine, CA 92618 USA. [Miller, David C.; Foster, Ross R.; Jen, Shih-Hui; Bertrand, Jacob A.; Cunningham, Shawn J.; Morris, Arthur S.; Lee, Yung-Cheng; George, Steven M.; Dunn, Martin L.] Univ Colorado, DARPA Ctr Integrated Micro Nano Electromech Trans, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Miller, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Ctr Photovolta, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3214, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013; OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184; DUNN, MARTIN/0000-0002-4531-9176 FU DARPAN/MEMS [HR0011-06-1-0048]; National Science Foundation [IIP-0741177] FX The authors are grateful to Harkirat Guron of WiSpry Inc for his help characterizing the interdigitated leakage current sensors Dr James Knapp of Sandia National Laboratories for his help with numerical analysis of indentation data Dr Dylan Morris of the National Institute of Standards and Technology for discussion concerning indentation toughness measurement Mr Fumio Kuruta and Dave Hurlbut of the Toho Technology Corporation for the use of the FLX2320 wafer curvature instrument Dr Byunghoon Yoon of the University of Colorado and Dr Arrelaine Dameron of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for feedback and discussion regarding the ALD and MLD techniques Dr Michael Dugger of Sandia National Laboratories for determination of the surface topology of the SUMMIT polycrystalline Si as well as David Reyes of Block MEMS LLC for the SUMMIT microcantilever specimens This work was supported through the DARPA Center on NanoscaleScience and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPAN/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (HR0011-06-1-0048) (Dr DL Polla Program Manager) Study here is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No IIP-0741177 Additional support was provided by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research NR 99 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 164 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2010.09.018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 689ZH UT WOS:000284969100009 ER PT J AU Ryutova, M Berger, T Frank, Z Tarbell, T Title, A AF Ryutova, M. Berger, T. Frank, Z. Tarbell, T. Title, A. TI Observation of Plasma Instabilities in Quiescent Prominences SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE The Sun: prominences; instabilities ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLAR PROMINENCES; DYNAMICS; STABILITY; FLUX; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM; POLARITY; MISSION AB We study dynamics of quiescent prominences using several data sets taken with the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on Hinode. We find a number of processes occurring at different stages of prominence evolution that are common for all of our chosen cases and, having universal character, can be related to fundamental plasma instabilities. We combine the observational evidence and theory to identify these instabilities. Here we discuss three examples: i) prominence cavity formation and its evolution, associated with a screw-pinch instability; ii) development of a regular series of plumes and spikes typical to the Rayleigh Taylor (RT) instability; and iii) the appearance of growing ripples at the prominence/corona interface, often followed by a sudden collimated mass upflow, attributed to the Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) instability. The conditions for transition from a linear (rippling mode) to nonlinear stage of the KH instability, known to have an explosive character, are specified. Given excellent Hinode data, all three aspects of prominence dynamics allow quantitative analysis. C1 [Ryutova, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Berger, T.; Frank, Z.; Tarbell, T.; Title, A.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Ryutova, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM ryutova1@llnl.gov FU US DOE by UC, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; NASA [NNM07AA01C]; Lockheed Martin (Solar-B) FX We thank Dick Shine, the SOT team and Liza Ryutov for their help. We are grateful to an anonymous referee for many helpful comments and suggestions. This work was performed under the auspices of the US DOE by UC, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 and supported by NASA contract number NNM07AA01C with Lockheed Martin (Solar-B). Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in co-operation with ESA and NSC (Norway). NR 44 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 267 IS 1 BP 75 EP 94 DI 10.1007/s11207-010-9638-9 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 682VG UT WOS:000284430500003 ER PT J AU Griffith, DT Carne, TG AF Griffith, D. Todd Carne, Thomas G. TI Experimental Modal Analysis of Research-Sized Wind Turbine Blades SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB Down-scaled wind turbine blades of innovative large blade designs have undergone a full series of structural tests including modal, static and fatigue. This article provides a summary of modal testing and structural model validation. The techniques are applicable to testing of other structures. C1 [Griffith, D. Todd] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Carne, Thomas G.] MannaTech Engn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Griffith, DT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dgriffi@sandia.gov RI Griffith, Daniel/C-2807-2014 OI Griffith, Daniel/0000-0002-7767-3700 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD, PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 USA SN 1541-0161 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 44 IS 11 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA V24YL UT WOS:000208445600002 ER PT J AU Feldmann, DM Holesinger, TG Maiorov, B Zhou, H Foltyn, SR Coulter, JY Apodoca, I AF Feldmann, D. M. Holesinger, T. G. Maiorov, B. Zhou, H. Foltyn, S. R. Coulter, J. Y. Apodoca, I. TI 1000 A cm(-1) in a 2 mu m thick YBa2Cu3O7-x film with BaZrO3 and Y2O3 additions SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEXTURED COATED CONDUCTORS; CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY AB We report here on significant improvements to the in-field and self-field critical current densities (J(c)) of multilayer and single-layer YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) thick films with BaZrO3 (BZO) and Y2O3 additions. In the former case, the composite film consisted of a five-layer architecture with three YBCO layers and two Y2O3 interlayers in a total thickness of 1.8 mu m. The multilayer film produced a J(c) (75.6 K, self-field) of 4.3 MA cm(-2) (775 A cm(-1)) and a minimum J(c) (75.6 K, 1 T) of 1.0 MA cm(-2) (175 A cm(-1)) over all field orientations in the maximum Lorentz force configuration. We achieved in a single-layer 2.0 mu m thick film a J(c) (75.6 K, self-field) of 5.2 MA cm(-2) (1010 A/cm-w) and a minimum J(c) (75.6 K, 1 T) of 1.2 MA cm(-2) (234 A/cm-w) in the same measurement configuration. For both kinds of films, scanning transmission electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging were used to identify a uniformly dispersed second-phase microstructure consisting of short, tilted BZO nanorods and tilted Y2O3 nanoparticle layers. We attribute the enhanced performance of the thick YBCO films to the uniformity of the microstructure and the interaction of two different second-phase materials during film growth. C1 [Feldmann, D. M.; Holesinger, T. G.; Maiorov, B.; Zhou, H.; Foltyn, S. R.; Coulter, J. Y.; Apodoca, I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feldmann, DM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 11 AR 115016 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/11/115016 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 681JM UT WOS:000284308000016 ER PT J AU Jia, Y Hua, J Crabtree, GW Kwok, WK Welp, U Malozemoff, AP Rupich, M Fleshler, S AF Jia, Y. Hua, J. Crabtree, G. W. Kwok, W. K. Welp, U. Malozemoff, A. P. Rupich, M. Fleshler, S. TI C-axis critical current density of second-generation YBCO tapes SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We report on measurements of the temperature and field dependence of the c-axis critical current density (J(c)(c)) obtained on mesa structures that were patterned into the YBCO layer of second-generation HTS tapes. We find the J(c)(c)-values of similar to 4 kA cm(-2) at 77 K and self-field, corresponding to an unexpectedly high anisotropy in the critical current density J(c)(ab)//J(c)(c) of 500-600. C-axis current flow is expected to arise in applications such as the helically wound wires in HTS cables. A simple estimate is given of the fraction of tape width for such a c-axis flow; while in our samples this fraction is approximately 5% for a typical geometry, the fraction will grow linearly with increasing current density anisotropy and could affect the current-carrying ability of the tape. C1 [Jia, Y.; Hua, J.; Crabtree, G. W.; Kwok, W. K.; Welp, U.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Malozemoff, A. P.; Rupich, M.; Fleshler, S.] Amer Superconductor Corp, Devens, MA 01434 USA. RP Jia, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM welp@anl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC0298CH1088]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-AC0298CH1088 (YJ, GWC, WKK) and by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (JH, UW). NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 23 IS 11 AR 115017 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/23/11/115017 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 681JM UT WOS:000284308000017 ER PT J AU Biegon, A Kim, SW Alexoff, DL Jayne, M Carter, P Hubbard, B King, P Logan, J Muench, L Pareto, D Schlyer, D Shea, C Telang, F Wang, GJ Xu, YW Fowler, JS AF Biegon, Anat Kim, Sung Won Alexoff, David L. Jayne, Millard Carter, Pauline Hubbard, Barbara King, Payton Logan, Jean Muench, Lisa Pareto, Deborah Schlyer, David Shea, Colleen Telang, Frank Wang, Gene-Jack Xu, Youwen Fowler, Joanna S. TI Unique Distribution of Aromatase in the Human Brain: In Vivo Studies With PET and [N-Methyl-C-11]Vorozole SO SYNAPSE LA English DT Article DE estrogen; testosterone; androgens; steroidogenesis; imaging ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CYTOCHROME-P450 AROMATASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; HUMAN FOREBRAIN; EXPRESSION; INHIBITOR; CYP19; RAT AB Aromatase catalyzes the last step in estrogen biosynthesis. Brain aromatase is involved in diverse neurophysiological and behavioral functions including sexual behavior, aggression, cognition, and neuroprotection. Using positron emission tomography (PET) with the radiolabeled aromatase inhibitor [N-methyl-C-11]vorozole, we characterized the tracer distribution and kinetics in the living human brain. Six young, healthy subjects, three men and three women, were administered the radiotracer alone on two separate occasions. Women were scanned in distinct phases of the menstrual cycle. Specificity was confirmed by pretreatment with a pharmacological (2.5 mg) dose of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. PET data were acquired over a 90-min period and regions of interest placed over selected brain regions. Brain and plasma time activity curves, corrected for metabolites, were used to derive kinetic parameters. Distribution volume (V-T) values in both men and women followed the following rank order: thalamus > amygdala = preoptic area > medulla (inferior olive) > accumbens, pons, occipital and temporal cortex, putamen, cerebellum, and white matter. Pretreatment with letrozole reduced V-T in all regions, though the size of the reduction was region-dependent, ranging from similar to 70% blocking in thalamus and preoptic area to similar to 10% in cerebellum. The high levels of aromatase in thalamus and medulla (inferior olive) appear to be unique to humans. These studies set the stage for the noninvasive assessment of aromatase involvement in various physiological and pathological processes affecting the human brain. Synapse 64:801-807, 2010. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 [Biegon, Anat; Alexoff, David L.; Jayne, Millard; Carter, Pauline; Hubbard, Barbara; King, Payton; Logan, Jean; Schlyer, David; Shea, Colleen; Telang, Frank; Wang, Gene-Jack; Xu, Youwen; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kim, Sung Won; Muench, Lisa] Natl Inst Alcoholism & Alcohol Abuse, Bethesda, MD USA. [Pareto, Deborah] CIBER BBN, Inst Alta Tecnol, Barcelona, Spain. [Wang, Gene-Jack; Fowler, Joanna S.] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, New York, NY USA. [Fowler, Joanna S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Biegon, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM biegon@bnl.gov OI Logan, Jean/0000-0002-6993-9994 FU US Department of Energy OBER [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; NIH [R01 NS050285, K05DA020001]; General Clinical Research Center of Stony Brook University (NIH) [MO1RR10710] FX Contract grant sponsor: US Department of Energy OBER; Contract grant number: DE-AC02-98CH10886; Contract grant sponsor: NIH; Contract grant numbers: R01 NS050285 (to AB), K05DA020001 (to JSF); Contract grant sponsor: General Clinical Research Center of Stony Brook University (NIH); Contract grant number: MO1RR10710. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-4476 EI 1098-2396 J9 SYNAPSE JI Synapse PD NOV PY 2010 VL 64 IS 11 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1002/syn.20791 PG 7 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 659AI UT WOS:000282539000001 PM 20842717 ER PT J AU Abshire, JB Riris, H Allan, GR Weaver, CJ Mao, JP Sun, XL Hasselbrack, WE Kawa, SR Biraud, S AF Abshire, James B. Riris, Haris Allan, Graham R. Weaver, Clark J. Mao, Jianping Sun, Xiaoli Hasselbrack, William E. Kawa, S. Randoph Biraud, Sebastien TI Pulsed airborne lidar measurements of atmospheric CO2 column absorption SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; REFLECTED SUNLIGHT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MIXING-RATIO; SPACE; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMITTER; SENSITIVITY; SYSTEM; BUDGET AB We report initial measurements of atmospheric CO2 column density using a pulsed airborne lidar operating at 1572 nm. It uses a lidar measurement technique being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center as a candidate for the CO2 measurement in the Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days and Seasons (ASCENDS) space mission. The pulsed multiple-wavelength lidar approach offers several new capabilities with respect to passive spectrometer and other lidar techniques for high-precision CO2 column density measurements. We developed an airborne lidar using a fibre laser transmitter and photon counting detector, and conducted initial measurements of the CO2 column absorption during flights over Oklahoma in December 2008. The results show clear CO2 line shape and absorption signals. These follow the expected changes with aircraft altitude from 1.5 to 7.1 km, and are in good agreement with column number density estimates calculated from nearly coincident airborne in-situ measurements. C1 [Abshire, James B.; Riris, Haris; Sun, Xiaoli; Kawa, S. Randoph] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Allan, Graham R.; Hasselbrack, William E.] Sigma Space Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Weaver, Clark J.; Mao, Jianping] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Biraud, Sebastien] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Abshire, JB (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM James.B.Abshire@nasa.gov RI Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Sun, Xiaoli/B-5120-2013; Riris, Haris/D-1004-2013; Abshire, James/I-2800-2013; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Allan, Graham/D-3905-2013 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; FU NASA Earth Science Technology Office; NASA; Goddard IRAD program FX We acknowledge the support of the NASA Earth Science Technology Office's Advanced Instrument Technology and Instrument Incubator Programs, the NASA Carbon Cycle Science Program, and the Goddard IRAD program. We appreciate the collaboration with the NASA Glenn Aircraft Operation office, and with Marc Fischer of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory on the airborne in situ CO2 measurements. We also appreciate the valuable work of other members of the Goddard CO2 Sounder team, and the many suggestions from the reviewers. NR 43 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 24 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 62 IS 5 SI SI BP 770 EP 783 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00502.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 667BJ UT WOS:000283167300036 ER PT J AU Higdon, D AF Higdon, Dave TI Comments on: A general science-based framework for dynamical spatio-temporal models SO TEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPUTER-MODEL C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Higdon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM dhigdon@lanl.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1133-0686 J9 TEST JI Test PD NOV PY 2010 VL 19 IS 3 BP 462 EP 465 DI 10.1007/s11749-010-0213-3 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 679JE UT WOS:000284156900005 ER PT J AU Kaspar, TC Droubay, TC Chambers, SA AF Kaspar, T. C. Droubay, T. C. Chambers, S. A. TI Atomic oxygen flux determined by mixed-phase Ag/Ag2O deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Quartz crystal microbalance; Silver oxidation; Atomic oxygen flux ID SILVER FILMS; HIGH-DENSITY; GROWTH; PLASMA; DETECTOR; TARNISH AB The flux of atomic oxygen generated in an electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma source was quantified by two different methods The commonly applied approach of monitoring the frequency change of a silver-coated quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) deposition rate monitor as the silver is oxidized was found to underestimate the atomic oxygen flux by an order of magnitude compared to a more direct deposition approach In the mixed-phase Ag/Ag2O deposition method silver films were deposited in the presence of atomic oxygen such that the films were partially oxidized to Ag2O X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was utilized for quantification of the oxidized fraction The inaccuracy of the QCM oxidation method was tentatively attributed to efficient catalytic recombination of O atoms on the silver surface (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Kaspar, T. C.; Droubay, T. C.; Chambers, S. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kaspar, TC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016 OI Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 519 IS 2 BP 635 EP 640 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.08.081 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 683UA UT WOS:000284499500015 ER PT J AU Singh, DRP Deng, X Chawla, N Bai, J Hubbard, C Tang, G Shen, YL AF Singh, D. R. P. Deng, X. Chawla, N. Bai, J. Hubbard, C. Tang, G. Shen, Y-L TI Residual stress characterization of Al/SiC nanoscale multilayers using X-ray synchrotron radiation SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Residual stress; Metal ceramic multilayers; X ray synchrotron ID METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITES; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; DIFFRACTION; MECHANICS; COATINGS; GROWTH; WEAR AB Nanolayered composites are used in a variety of applications such as wear resistant coatings thermal barrier coatings optical and magnetic thin films and biological coatings Residual stresses produced in these materials during processing play an Important role in controlling their microstructure and properties In this paper we have studied the residual stresses in model metal-ceramic Al/SiC nanoscale multilayers produced by physical vapor deposition (magnetron sputtering) X-ray synchrotron radiation was used to measure stresses in the multilayers using the sin(2)Psi technique The stresses were evaluated as a function of layer thicknesses of Al and SIC and also as a function of the number of layers The stress state of Al in the multilayer was largely compressive compared to single layer Al stresses This is attributed to a peening mechanism due to bombardment of the Al layers by SIC and Ar neutrals during deposition The stress evolution was numerically modeled by a simplified peening process to qualitatively explain the Al thickness-dependent residual stresses (c) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Singh, D. R. P.; Deng, X.; Chawla, N.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bai, J.; Hubbard, C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tang, G.; Shen, Y-L] Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Chawla, N (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Chawla, Nikhilesh/A-3433-2008; Shen, Yu-Lin/C-1942-2008; Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 OI Chawla, Nikhilesh/0000-0002-4478-8552; FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0504781]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of FreedomCAR; U S Department of Energy [DE-AC05-000R22725] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support for this research from the National Science Foundation(DMR-0504781) We also acknowledge the HTML-ORNL user program for enabling us to use the synchrotron facility at Brookhaven National Lab The synchrotron stress analysis conducted at beamline X14A was sponsored by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies as part of the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the U S Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-000R22725 DRPS and NC acknowledge the use of processing and microscopy facilities at the LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science at the Arizona State University GT and YLS acknowledge DL Sulsky for providing the computational code NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 1 PY 2010 VL 519 IS 2 BP 759 EP 765 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.08.148 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 683UA UT WOS:000284499500036 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Ozanich, RM Warner, MG Marks, JD Bruckner-Lea, CJ AF Grate, Jay W. Ozanich, Richard M., Jr. Warner, Marvin G. Marks, James D. Bruckner-Lea, Cynthia J. TI Advances in assays and analytical approaches for botulinum-toxin detection SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Biodetection; Biosensor; Biothreat; Botulinum; Flow cytometry; Immunoassay; In vitro assay; Neurotoxin; Screening assay; Toxin ID NEUROTOXIN TYPE-A; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; COLORIMETRIC CAPTURE ELISAS; ANTIBODY-BASED IMMUNOASSAY; IN-VITRO ASSAYS; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; B NEUROTOXIN; SEROTYPE-A; SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION; INFANT BOTULISM AB We review methods to detect botulinum toxin, the most poisonous substance known. Current assays are being developed with two main objectives in mind: (1) to obtain sufficiently low limits of detection to replace the mouse bioassay with an in vitro assay; and, (2) to develop for screening purposes rapid assays that are as sensitive as possible while requiring an hour or less to process the sample and to obtain the result. We emphasize the diverse analytical approaches and devices that have been developed over the past decade. Also, to provide background and context, we briefly review representative older immunoassays. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grate, Jay W.; Ozanich, Richard M., Jr.; Warner, Marvin G.; Bruckner-Lea, Cynthia J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Marks, James D.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anesthesia, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. RP Grate, JW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jwgrate@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NIAID [U01 AI075443, U54 AI065359] FX The research was performed in part at the W.R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. The PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. The antibody-development work at UCSF was partially supported by NIAID U01 AI075443 and U54 AI065359. NR 114 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 EI 1879-3142 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 29 IS 10 BP 1137 EP 1156 DI 10.1016/j.trac.2010.07.005 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 683TT UT WOS:000284498800011 ER PT J AU Brown, RS Duguay, CR Mueller, RP Moulton, LL Doucette, PJ Tagestad, JD AF Brown, Richard S. Duguay, Claude R. Mueller, Robert P. Moulton, Larry L. Doucette, Peter J. Tagestad, Jerry D. TI Use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to Identify and Characterize Overwintering Areas of Fish in Ice-Covered Arctic Rivers: A Demonstration with Broad Whitefish and Their Habitats in the Sagavanirktok River, Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPACEBORNE IMAGING RADAR; BACKSCATTER CHARACTERISTICS; WINTER MOVEMENTS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; COASTAL WATERS; BEAUFORT SEA; NORTH SLOPE; LAKES; MANITOBA; ALBERTA AB In northern climates, locating overwintering fish can be very challenging due to thick ice cover. Areas near the coast of the Beaufort Sea provide valuable overwintering habitat for both resident and anadromous fish species; identifying them and understanding their use of overwintering areas is of special interest. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from two spaceborne satellites was examined as an alternative to radiotelemetry for identifying anadromous fish overwintering. The presence of water and ice were sampled at 162 sites, and fish were sampled at 16 of these sites. From SAR imagery alone, we successfully identified large pools inhabited by overwintering fish in the ice-covered Sagavanirktok River, Alaska. In addition, the imagery was able to identify all of the larger pools (mean minimum length = 138 m, SD = 131, range = 15-470 m) of water located by field sampling. The effectiveness of SAR in identifying these pools varied from 31% to 100%, depending on imagery polarization, the incidence angle range, and the orbit. Horizontal transmit-vertical receive (HV) polarization appeared to be best. The accuracy of SAR was also assessed at a finer pixel-by-pixel scale (30 x 30 m). The best correspondence at this finer scale was obtained with an image having HV polarization. The levels of agreement ranged from 54% to 69%. The presence of broad whitefish Coregonus nasus (the only anadromous species present) was associated with salinity and pool size (estimated with SAR imagery); fish were more likely to be found in larger pools with low salinity. This research illustrates that SAR imaging has great potential for identifying under-ice overwintering areas of riverine fish. These techniques should allow managers to identify critical overwintering areas more easily and at lower cost than traditional techniques permit. C1 [Brown, Richard S.; Mueller, Robert P.; Doucette, Peter J.; Tagestad, Jerry D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Moulton, Larry L.] MJM Res, Lopez Isl, WA 98261 USA. [Duguay, Claude R.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Geog & Environm Management, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Duguay, Claude R.] Univ Waterloo, Interdisciplinary Ctr Climate Change, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rich.brown@pnl.gov RI Duguay, Claude/G-5682-2011 OI Duguay, Claude/0000-0002-1044-5850 FU U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service FX Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service; Melissa Roundtree and Sharon Teger were the contracting officers, and Kate Wedemeyer was the contracting office technical representative. The authors thank Brent Seavey for help with field work. We also thank Nora Agiak, Thomas Napageak, Joash Tukle, Sarah Kunaknana, Ruth Nukapigak, Joeb Woods, Sr., Fred Tagarook, Maggie Kovalsky, Enrique Fernandez, and Bruni Warrick for assistance identifying potential overwintering areas of fish. We also acknowledge assistance from Glenn Ruckhaus, John Stephenson, Jennifer Panther, Abby Welch, Jim Boyd, David Geist, and Patrick Cobb. We thank Al Garcia for assistance with contracting and Andrea Currie and Terrie Gilbride for editing. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 139 IS 6 BP 1711 EP 1722 DI 10.1577/T09-176.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 704ZE UT WOS:000286095500008 ER PT J AU Jung, KH Cao, PJ Seo, YS Dardick, C Ronald, PC AF Jung, Ki-Hong Cao, Peijian Seo, Young-Su Dardick, Christopher Ronald, Pamela C. TI The Rice Kinase Phylogenomics Database: a guide for systematic analysis of the rice kinase super-family SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESSES; PROTEIN; MAP; IDENTIFICATION; MUTATIONS; GENE AB Determination of gene function is particularly problematic when studying large-gene families because redundancy limits the ability to assess the contributions of individual genes experimentally Phylogenomics is a phylogenetic approach used in comparative genomics to predict the biological functions of members of large gene-families by assessing the similarity among gene products In this report, we describe the application of the Rice for elucidating functions of individual members of this gene family C1 [Jung, Ki-Hong; Cao, Peijian; Seo, Young-Su; Ronald, Pamela C.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Jung, Ki-Hong; Cao, Peijian; Ronald, Pamela C.] Joint Bioenergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94710 USA. [Jung, Ki-Hong; Ronald, Pamela C.] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Plant Mol Syst Biotechnol, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Jung, Ki-Hong; Ronald, Pamela C.] Kyung Hee Univ, Crop Biotech Inst, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Dardick, Christopher] USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Ronald, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU Department of Energy [DE AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [DBI0313887]; National Research Foundation of Korea [2010 0981] FX We thank Dr Blake Meyers and Dr Kan Nobuta for providing MPSS signatures data, Dr Gynheung An for providing the information about T-DNA insertional lines developed in Kyung Hee University, Korea and Dr Harkamal Walia for useful discussions This work was supported by a Department of Energy grant to the Joint Bioenergy Institute (Grant no DE AC02-05CH11231) and a National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (Grant no DBI0313887) to PCR, and a Young Scientist Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant no 2010 0981) to KHJ NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 2010 VL 15 IS 11 BP 595 EP 599 DI 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.08.004 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 689ZV UT WOS:000284970600002 PM 20832349 ER PT J AU Allison, DP Mortensen, NP Sullivan, CJ Doktycz, MJ AF Allison, David P. Mortensen, Ninell P. Sullivan, Claretta J. Doktycz, Mitchel J. TI Atomic force microscopy of biological samples SO WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ION CONDUCTANCE MICROSCOPY; IMAGING SOFT SAMPLES; LIVING CELLS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY; NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; TUNNELLING MICROSCOPY; PULMONARY SURFACTANT AB The ability to evaluate structural functional relationships in real time has allowed scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to assume a prominent role in post genomic biological research. In this mini-review, we highlight the development of imaging and ancillary techniques that have allowed SPM to permeate many key areas of contemporary research. We begin by examining the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by Binnig and Rohrer in 1982 and discuss how it served to team biologists with physicists to integrate high-resolution microscopy into biological science. We point to the problems of imaging nonconductive biological samples with the STM and relate how this led to the evolution of the atomic force microscope (AFM) developed by Binnig, Quate, and Gerber, in 1986. Commercialization in the late 1980s established SPM as a powerful research tool in the biological research community. Contact mode AFM imaging was soon complemented by the development of non-contact imaging modes. These non-contact modes eventually became the primary focus for further new applications including the development of fast scanning methods. The extreme sensitivity of the AFM cantilever was recognized and has been developed into applications for measuring forces required for indenting biological surfaces and breaking bonds between biomolecules. Further functional augmentation to the cantilever tip allowed development of new and emerging techniques including scanning ion-conductance microscopy (SICM), scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) and scanning near field ultrasonic holography (SNFUH). (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 618-634 C1 [Allison, David P.; Mortensen, Ninell P.; Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sullivan, Claretta J.] Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Dept Surg, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. [Allison, David P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Doktycz, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM doktyczmj@ornl.gov RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 FU US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy [DEAC05-00OR22725]; Lundbeck Fonden FX The authors acknowledge research support from the US DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. Ninell P. Mortensen would like to thank Lundbeck Fonden for financial support. NR 161 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 11 U2 122 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1939-5116 J9 WIRES NANOMED NANOBI JI Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.-Nanomed. Nanobiotechnol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2010 VL 2 IS 6 BP 618 EP 634 DI 10.1002/wnan.104 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 669YU UT WOS:000283387000004 PM 20672388 ER PT J AU Jokic, B Drmanic, S Radetic, T Krstic, J Petrovic, R Orlovic, A Janackovic, D AF Jokic, B. Drmanic, S. Radetic, T. Krstic, J. Petrovic, R. Orlovic, A. Janackovic, Dj. TI Synthesis of submicron carbon spheres by the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Powder technology; Porosity; Nanomaterials ID FORMATION MECHANISM; POWDERS; HOLLOW AB Submicron carbon spherical particles were obtained by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde in a solution and subsequent ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of the prepared sol. Microscopic characterization indicates the regular spherical shape of the obtained particles and sphere diameters in 200-700 nm range. The carbon spheres are amorphous as confirmed by electron diffraction, EELS, XRD and HREM characterization. Activation procedure was performed with H(2)O in a nitrogen flow for 15 and 30 min at 800 degrees C. The activation procedure preserved the initial spherical shapes of the particles while the particle porosity and specific surface area were increased. The amount of surface oxygen functionalities was also increased by activation procedure as indicated by FTIR analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jokic, B.; Drmanic, S.; Radetic, T.; Petrovic, R.; Orlovic, A.; Janackovic, Dj.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Belgrade 11120, Serbia. [Krstic, J.] Inst Chem Technol & Met, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Radetic, T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Janackovic, D (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Karnegijeva 4,POB 3503, Belgrade 11120, Serbia. EM nht@tmf.bg.ac.rs FU Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia [142070]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The financial support of the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia through the project 142070 is gratefully acknowledged. This work was performed in part at the National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 20 BP 2173 EP 2176 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.06.066 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 652IR UT WOS:000281997900009 ER PT J AU Han, LB An, Q Luo, SN Goddard, WA AF Han, L. B. An, Q. Luo, S. N. Goddard, W. A., III TI Ultra-elastic and inelastic impact of Cu nanoparticles SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Ultra-elastic; Inelastic; Molecular dynamics; Impact ID CLUSTERS; COLLISIONS; DYNAMICS C1 [An, Q.; Luo, S. N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Han, L. B.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Sch Earth & Space Sci, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [An, Q.; Goddard, W. A., III] CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Han, L. B.] China Earthquake Adm, Inst Geophys, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Luo, SN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI An, Qi/G-4517-2011; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; An, Qi/I-6985-2012 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; FU NSFC [40574043, 40537033]; U.S. DOE [DE-FC52-08NA28613, DMR-0520547, DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Energy Frontier Research Center: Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes FX L.B.H. acknowledges the support from NSFC Grant Nos. 40574043 and 40537033. This work is a part of the PSAAP project funded by the U.S. DOE contract DE-FC52-08NA28613 under grant DMR-0520547. S.N.L. is grateful for the support from a DOE Energy Frontier Research Center: Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes. LANL is under the auspices of U.S. DOE under contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD OCT 31 PY 2010 VL 64 IS 20 BP 2230 EP 2232 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.07.015 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 652IR UT WOS:000281997900025 ER PT J AU Yang, Y Huang, HC Zinkle, SJ AF Yang, Yi Huang, Hanchen Zinkle, Steven J. TI Anomaly in dependence of radiation-induced vacancy accumulation on grain size SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM DEPOSITION; ATOMISTIC SIMULATOR; 3 DIMENSIONS; DIFFUSION; METALS AB According to conventional steady-state rate theory predictions of displacement damage evolution in irradiated materials the accumulation of vacancies decreases as grain size decreases Using atomistic simu lations the authors report a transient anomaly in the dependence of radiation produced vacancy accumulation on grain size Contrary to the conventional wisdom the accumulation of vacancies can be higher in smaller grams than in larger grains during a transient stage The anomaly is a result of competition between two atomic-level processes grain boundary absorption and bulk recombination of point defects each of which has characteristic length and time scales Copper is used as the prototype of face-centered-cubic material and Frenkel pair production mimicking electron radiation is the source of non-cascade defect introduction both choices aiming at clarity for identifying physical mechanisms (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Huang, Hanchen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yang, Yi; Huang, Hanchen] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Aerosp & Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Zinkle, Steven J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Huang, HC (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RI Huang, Hanchen/A-9323-2008; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [HDTRA1-09-1-0027]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0625602, DMR-0906349] FX Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-09-1-0027) and National Science Foundation (CMMI-0625602 and DMR-0906349) and thank Stas Golubov Roger Stoller Sidney Yip and Dieter Wolf for discussions on radiation damage and Shree Krishna and Suvranu De for enlightening discussions on FEM analyses NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT 30 PY 2010 VL 405 IS 3 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.08.014 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 681HW UT WOS:000284303000006 ER PT J AU Periasamy, P Hurley, MF Marx, BM Simpson, MF Butt, DP AF Periasamy, Prakash Hurley, Michael F. Marx, Brian M. Simpson, Michael F. Butt, Darryl P. TI Compatibility of ZrN and HfN with molten LiCl-KCl-NaCl-UCl3 SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID APPARENT ACTIVATION-ENERGY; CERAMIC MATERIALS; CORROSION; DISSOLUTION; SALTS; METAL AB The reaction kinetics of ZrN and HfN immersed in a quaternary salt of composition of 28 5% LiCl-36 3% KCl-29 4% NaCl-5 8% UCl3 (in weight percent) were assessed Coupons of ZrN and HfN were exposed to the quaternary salt at 525-900 degrees C for 4-485 h The reaction kinetics of the salt-refractory interactions were assessed through physical and microstructural characterization including scanning electron microscopy X-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry The results indicated that ZrN and HfN lose weight under all conditions investigated While multiple mechanisms were evident It is proposed that dissolution and oxidation were the dominant reactions that influence the weight loss For the overall reaction negative apparent activation energy values of -46 and -28 kJ/mol were observed in ZrN and HfN respectively These seemingly anomalous activation energies were associated with the simultaneous occurrence of electrochemical dissolution and surface oxide formation (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Periasamy, Prakash; Hurley, Michael F.; Marx, Brian M.; Butt, Darryl P.] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Simpson, Michael F.] Idaho Natl Lab, Pyroproc Technol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Butt, DP (reprint author), Boise State Univ, 1910 Univ Dr, Boise, ID 83725 USA. RI Periasamy, Prakash/B-9041-2009; Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 FU Boise State University; Idaho National Laboratory; Department of Energy; Center for Advanced Energy Studies FX The authors would like to thank Gordon Balfour at Boise State University for help with the experimental setup Special thanks to Franklin Bailey Dr Thomas Williams and Dr Banc Pesic at University of Idaho for allowing to use their SEM Charles Knaack at Geological laboratory Washington State University for his help in ICP-MS and Darin Ray at Ceramatec Inc for his help in hot-pressing of the nitrides The primary author [PP] gratefully acknowledges Boise State University which provided him with a Graduate Residential Scholars Fellowship This work was supported by Idaho National Laboratory the Department of Energy and the Center for Advanced Energy Studies NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD OCT 30 PY 2010 VL 405 IS 3 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.08.015 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 681HW UT WOS:000284303000007 ER PT J AU Schmalian, J AF Schmalian, Joerg TI FAILED THEORIES OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SO MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Review DE Superconductivity; history of physics; BCS theory ID ELECTRON THEORY; METALS; SYSTEMS AB Almost half a century passed between the discovery of superconductivity by Kamerlingh Onnes and the theoretical explanation of the phenomenon by Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer. During the intervening years the brightest minds in theoretical physics tried and failed to develop a microscopic understanding of the effect. A summary of some of those unsuccessful attempts to understand superconductivity not only demonstrates the extraordinary achievement made by formulating the BCS theory, but also illustrates that mistakes are a natural and healthy part of scientific discourse, and that inapplicable, even incorrect theories can turn out to be interesting and inspiring. C1 [Schmalian, Joerg] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Schmalian, Joerg] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Schmalian, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Schmalian, Joerg/H-2313-2011 NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9849 J9 MOD PHYS LETT B JI Mod. Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 30 PY 2010 VL 24 IS 27 BP 2679 EP 2691 DI 10.1142/S0217984910025280 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 657UO UT WOS:000282441900001 ER PT J AU Kojo, T Hidaka, Y McLerran, L Pisarski, RD AF Kojo, Toru Hidaka, Yoshimasa McLerran, Larry Pisarski, Robert D. TI Quarkyonic chiral spirals SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE Dense quark matter; Chiral symmetry breaking; Large N-c expansion ID NON-ABELIAN BOSONIZATION; NEUTRON-STAR MATTER; KAON-NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS; LARGE N-C; PION-CONDENSATION; 2 DIMENSIONS; GAUGE-THEORIES; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING AB We consider the formation of chiral density waves in Quarkyonic matter, which is a phase where cold, dense quarks experience confining forces. We model confinement following Gribov and Zwanziger, taking the gluon propagator, in Coulomb gauge and momentum space, as similar to 1((p) over right arrow (2))(2). We assume that the number of colors, N-c, is large, and that the quark chemical potential. p, is much larger than renormalization mass scale, Lambda(QCD). To leading order in 1/N-c and Lambda(QCD/)mu, a gauge theory with N-f flavors of massless quarks in 3 + 1 dimensions naturally reduces to a gauge theory in 1 + I dimensions, with an enlarged flavor symmetry of SU(2N(f)). Through an anomalous chiral rotation, in two dimensions a Fermi sea of massless quarks maps directly onto the corresponding theory in vacuum. A chiral condensate forms locally, and varies with the spatial position. z. as <(psi) over bar exp(2i mu zy(0)gamma(z))psi >. Following Schon and Thies, we term this two-dimensional pion condensate a (Quarkyonic) chiral spiral. Massive quarks also exhibit chiral spirals, with the magnitude of the oscillations decreasing smoothly with increasing mass. The power law correlations of the Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten model in 1 + 1 dimensions then generate strong infrared effects in 3 + 1 dimensions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kojo, Toru; McLerran, Larry] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Hidaka, Yoshimasa] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [McLerran, Larry; Pisarski, Robert D.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kojo, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM torujj@quark.phy.bnl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan; Special Posdoctoral Research Program of RIKEN FX The research of R.D. Pisarski and L. McLerran is supported under DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. R.D. Pisarski also thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for their support. This research of Y. Hidaka is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for the Global COE Program "The Next Generation of Physics, Spun from Universality and Emergence" from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan. T. Kojo is supported by Special Posdoctoral Research Program of RIKEN. L. McLerran gratefully acknowledges conversation with Thomas Schafer, who insisted that chiral symmetry breaking must occur in the form of chiral density waves at large Nc. We also thank Gokce Basar, Barak Bringoltz, Michael Buchoff, Aleksey Cherman, Thomas Cohen, Gerald Dunne, Robert Konik, Alex Kovner, Dominik Nickel, and Alexei Tsvelik for useful discussions and comments. NR 157 TC 105 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 30 PY 2010 VL 843 BP 37 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2010.05.053 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 626PR UT WOS:000279979400003 ER PT J AU Hayes, AB Cline, D Moody, KJ Ragnarsson, I Wu, CY Becker, JA Carpenter, MP Carroll, JJ Gohlke, D Greene, JP Hecht, AA Janssens, RVF Karamian, SA Lauritsen, T Lister, CJ Macri, RA Propri, R Seweryniak, D Wang, X Wheeler, R Zhu, S AF Hayes, A. B. Cline, D. Moody, K. J. Ragnarsson, I. Wu, C. Y. Becker, J. A. Carpenter, M. P. Carroll, J. J. Gohlke, D. Greene, J. P. Hecht, A. A. Janssens, R. V. F. Karamian, S. A. Lauritsen, T. Lister, C. J. Macri, R. A. Propri, R. Seweryniak, D. Wang, X. Wheeler, R. Zhu, S. TI Coulomb excitation of a Am-242 isomeric target: E2 and E3 strengths, rotational alignment, and collective enhancement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EVEN-EVEN NUCLIDES; NUCLEAR ISOMERS; GAMMA-EMISSION; GAMMASPHERE; PARTICLE; MOMENTS; STATES; HEAVY; BAND AB A 98% pure Am-242m ( K = 5(-), t(1/2) = 141 years) isomeric target was Coulomb excited with a 170.5-MeV Ar-40 beam. The selectivity of Coulomb excitation, coupled with the sensitivity of Gammasphere plus CHICO, was sufficient to identify 46 new states up to spin 18h in at least four rotational bands; 11 of these new states lie in the isomer band, 13 in a previously unknown yrast K-pi = 6(-) rotational band, and 13 in a band tentatively identified as the predicted yrast K-pi = 5(+) band. The rotational bands based on the K-pi = 5- isomer and the 6(-) bandhead were populated by Coulomb excitation with unexpectedly equal cross sections. The gamma-ray yields are reproduced by Coulomb excitation calculations using a two-particle plus rotor model (PRM), implying nearly complete Delta K = 1 mixing of the two almost-degenerate rotational bands, but recovering the Alaga rule for the unperturbed states. The degeneracy of the 5(-) and 6(-) bands allows for precise determination of the mixing interaction strength V, which approaches the strong-mixing limit; this agrees with the 50% attenuation of the Coriolis matrix element assumed in the model calculations. The fractional admixture of the I-K(pi) = 6(6)(-) state in the nominal 6(5)(-) isomer band state is measured within the PRM as 45.6(-1.1)(+0.3)%. The E2 and M1 strengths coupling the 5(-) and 6(-) bands are enhanced significantly by the mixing, while E1 and E2 couplings to other low-K bands are not measurably enhanced. The yields of the 5(+) band are reproduced by an E3 strength of approximate to 15 W.u., competitive with the interband E2 strength. Alignments of the identified two-particle Nilsson states in Am-242 are compared with the single-particle alignments in Am-241. C1 [Hayes, A. B.; Cline, D.] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Moody, K. J.; Wu, C. Y.; Becker, J. A.; Macri, R. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Ragnarsson, I.] Lund Inst Technol, Dept Math Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Carpenter, M. P.; Greene, J. P.; Hecht, A. A.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Lauritsen, T.; Lister, C. J.; Seweryniak, D.; Wang, X.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carroll, J. J.; Gohlke, D.; Propri, R.; Wheeler, R.] Youngstown State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Youngstown, OH 44555 USA. [Hecht, A. A.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Karamian, S. A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 141980, Russia. RP Hayes, AB (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM hayes@pas.rochester.edu RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-05-1-0022, FA9550-05-1-0486]; Swedish Science Research Council; DTRA [HDTRA1-08-1-0014]; National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; US Department of Energy in part by the University of California [W-7405-ENG-48]; LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors wish to thank A. O. Macchiavelli of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for advice and assistance with the detector electronics. We thank R. W. Hoff of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for correctly suggesting the identity of the 6- band and D. C. Radford for correctly identifying the doublets in the Kpi = (5+) band to be distinct from the 5- band transitions. This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract Nos. FA9550-05-1-0022 (Rochester) and FA9550-05-1-0486 (Youngstown and S.A.K.), the Swedish Science Research Council (I.R.), DTRA Contract No. HDTRA1-08-1-0014 (Youngstown and S.A.K.), the National Science Foundation (Rochester), and the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (ANL). The LLNL work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy in part by the University of California under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-48 and in part by the LLNL, operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 044319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.044319 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 673GV UT WOS:000283648400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, YF Buchko, GW Qin, L Robinson, H Varnum, SM AF Zhang, Yanfeng Buchko, Garry W. Qin, Ling Robinson, Howard Varnum, Susan M. TI Structural analysis of the receptor binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin serotype D SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Botulinum neurotoxin D; Crystal structure; Botulism; Phosphatidylethanolamine; Gangliosides ID CLOSTRIDIAL-NEUROTOXINS; PROTEIN-RECEPTOR; GANGLIOSIDE; TETANUS; SITES; SV2; NEUROEXOCYTOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; VALIDATION; INSIGHTS AB Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most toxic proteins known The mechanism for entry into neuronal cells for serotypes A B E F and G involves a well understood dual receptor (protein and ganglioside) process however the mechanism of entry for serotypes C and D remains unclear To provide structural insights into how BoNT/D enters neuronal cells the crystal structure of the receptor binding domain (S863-E1276) for this serotype (BoNT/D-HCR) was determined at 1 65 angstrom resolution While BoNT/D-HCR adopts an overall fold similar to that observed in other known BoNT HCRs several major structural differences are present These structural differences are located at or near putative receptor binding sites and may be responsible for BoNT/D host preferences Two loops S1195-I1204 and K1236-N1244 located on both sides of the putative protein receptor binding pocket are displaced >10 angstrom relative to the corresponding residues in the crystal structures of BoNT/B and G Obvious clashes were observed in the putative protein receptor binding site when the BoNT/B protein receptor synaptotagmin II was modeled into the BoNT/D-HCR structure Although a ganglioside binding site has never been unambiguously identified in BoNT/D-HCR a shallow cavity in an analogous location to the other BoNT serotypes HCR domains is observed in BoNT/D-HCR that has features compatible with membrane binding A portion of a loop near the putative receptor binding site K1236-N1244 is hydrophobic and solvent-exposed and may directly bind membrane lipids Liposome-binding experiments with BoNT/D-HCR demonstrate that this membrane lipid may be phosphatidylethanolamine (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved C1 [Zhang, Yanfeng; Buchko, Garry W.; Varnum, Susan M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Qin, Ling] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Biomass Sci & Convers Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Varnum, SM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Cell Biol & Biochem Grp, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Buchko, Garry/G-6173-2015 OI Buchko, Garry/0000-0002-3639-1061 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [U01AI081895]; US DOE [AC06-76RLO 1830]; National Center for Research Resources of the NIH; OBER; US Department of Energy (DOE) s Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) FX This work was supported by Award Number U01AI081895 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Portions of the research was performed at the W R Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory a national scientific user facility sponsored by US Department of Energy (DOE) s Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) program located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) PNNL is operated by Battelle for the US DOE under contract (AC06-76RLO 1830) Data for this study were measured on beamline X29A at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) located at Brookhaven National Laboratory Financial support for NSLS comes principally from OBER and the Basic Energy Sciences of the US DOE and from the National Center for Research Resources of the NIH We thank Drs Cheryl Baird and Keith Miller (PNNL) for discussion on the work NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X EI 1090-2104 J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 401 IS 4 BP 498 EP 503 DI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.063 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 677ER UT WOS:000283972400002 PM 20858456 ER PT J AU Vishik, IM Lee, WS He, RH Hashimoto, M Hussain, Z Devereaux, TP Shen, ZX AF Vishik, I. M. Lee, W. S. He, R-H Hashimoto, M. Hussain, Z. Devereaux, T. P. Shen, Z-X TI ARPES studies of cuprate Fermiology: superconductivity, pseudogap and quasiparticle dynamics SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; PHASE FLUCTUATIONS; SUPERFLUID DENSITY; UNDERDOPED BI2212; GAP ANISOTROPY; ENERGY GAPS; SELF-ENERGY; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPENDENCE AB We present our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors; these studies elucidate the relation between superconductivity and the pseudogap and highlight low-energy quasiparticle dynamics in the superconducting state. Our experiments suggest that the pseudogap and the superconducting gap represent distinct states that coexist below T-c. Studies of Bi-2212 demonstrate that the near-nodal and near-antinodal regions behave differently as a function of temperature and doping, implying that different orders dominate in different momentum-space regions. However, the ubiquity of sharp quasiparticles all around the Fermi surface in Bi-2212 indicates that superconductivity extends into the momentum-space region dominated by the pseudogap, revealing subtlety in this dichotomy. In Bi-2201, the temperature dependence of antinodal spectra reveals particle-hole asymmetry and anomalous spectral broadening, which may constrain the explanation for the pseudogap. Noting that electron-boson coupling is an important aspect of cuprate physics, we end the paper with a discussion of the multiple 'kinks' in the nodal dispersion. Understanding these will be useful in establishing which excitations are important for superconductivity. C1 [Vishik, I. M.; Lee, W. S.; He, R-H; Hashimoto, M.; Devereaux, T. P.; Shen, Z-X] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Vishik, I. M.; Lee, W. S.; He, R-H; Hashimoto, M.; Shen, Z-X] Stanford Univ, Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hashimoto, M.; Hussain, Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shen, ZX (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford Inst Mat & Energy Sci, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM zxshen@stanford.edu RI He, Ruihua/A-6975-2010 FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science [DE-FG03-01ER45929-A001, DE-AC02-76SF00515] FX The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource is operated by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Science. This work was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science, through contract numbers DE-FG03-01ER45929-A001 and DE-AC02-76SF00515. NR 61 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 6 U2 45 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 12 AR 105008 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/12/10/105008 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 687HV UT WOS:000284770500004 ER PT J AU Brahms, N Stamper-Kurn, DM AF Brahms, N. Stamper-Kurn, D. M. TI Spin optodynamics analog of cavity optomechanics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-PRESSURE; MICROMIRROR; MIRROR; SHIFTS; LIGHT AB The dynamics of a large quantum spin coupled parametrically to an optical resonator is treated in analogy with the motion of a cantilever in cavity optomechanics. Distinct spin optodynamic phenomena are predicted, such as cavity-spin bistability, optodynamic spin-precession frequency shifts, coherent amplification and damping of spin, and the spin optodynamic squeezing of light. C1 [Brahms, N.; Stamper-Kurn, D. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stamper-Kurn, D. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brahms, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmsk@berkeley.edu RI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/B-5442-2015 OI Stamper-Kurn, Dan/0000-0002-4845-5835 FU NSF; AFOSR; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science FX We thank H. Mabuchi and K. B. Whaley for inspiring discussions. This work was supported by the NSF and the AFOSR. D.M.S.-K. acknowledges support from the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 041804 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.041804 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 673FP UT WOS:000283644800002 ER PT J AU Haraldsen, JT Fishman, RS AF Haraldsen, J. T. Fishman, R. S. TI Effect of interlayer interactions and lattice distortions on the magnetic ground state and spin dynamics of a geometrically frustrated triangular-lattice antiferromagnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We investigate the effects of interlayer interactions and lattice distortions on the noncollinear ground state and spin dynamics of a geometrically frustrated triangular-lattice antiferromagnet with implications for the multiferroic phase of doped CuFeO2, where both lattice distortions and anisotropy introduce anharmonic components into the spin ground state. In contrast to the single turn angle of a simple spiral, the turn angles of the predicted ground state are distributed about Delta theta(1) and Delta theta(2). Using a Holstein-Primakoff expansion, we show that distinct features in the spin dynamics are associated with the anharmonic components of the spin ground state, which have recently been observed in Ga-doped CuFeO2. C1 [Haraldsen, J. T.; Fishman, R. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haraldsen, JT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Haraldsen, Jason/B-9809-2012; Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013 OI Haraldsen, Jason/0000-0002-8641-5412; FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Division of Materials Science and Engineering of the U.S. DOE; Division of Scientific User Facilities of the U.S. DOE FX We would like to acknowledge conversations with Feng Ye and Jaime Fernandez-Baca. This research was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 and by the Division of Materials Science and Engineering and the Division of Scientific User Facilities of the U.S. DOE. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144441 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144441 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA V25KQ UT WOS:000208477300001 ER PT J AU Ke, X Zhang, PP Baek, SH Zarestky, J Tian, W Eom, CB AF Ke, X. Zhang, P. P. Baek, S. H. Zarestky, J. Tian, W. Eom, C. B. TI Magnetic structure of epitaxial multiferroic BiFeO3 films with engineered ferroelectric domains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB We report on neutron scattering and piezoresponse force microscopy studies of multiferroic BiFeO3 films epitaxially grown on vicinal SrTiO3 substrates. We find that these BiFeO3 films exhibit a G-type antiferromagnetic structure modulated with cycloidal spiral magnetic ordering with the features of magnetic domains depending upon the ferroelectric domain states: a single antiferromagnetic domain for the films with a ferroelectric monodomain while two- or multiantiferromagnetic domains existing in the films displaying two- or four-ferroelectric variants, respectively. These results imply the correlation between ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters in the BiFeO3 films and the expected strong magnetoelectric coupling makes these multiferroic films promising candidates for device applications with the capability to tune the magnetism using an electric field. C1 [Ke, X.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, P. P.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Baek, S. H.; Eom, C. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Zarestky, J.; Tian, W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zarestky, J.; Tian, W.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ke, X (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM kex1@ornl.gov RI Baek, Seung-Hyub/B-9189-2013; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014; Zhang, Pengpeng/N-9952-2014 OI Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE; ORNL; Michigan State University; DOE [AC02-07CH111358]; Army Research Office [W911NF-10-1-0362]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0708759] FX Experimental work at ORNL was supported by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Clifford G. Shull Fellowship at ORNL (X.K.), the Start-up fund at Michigan State University (P.Z.), and DOE under Contract No. AC02-07CH111358 (J.Z. and W.T.). The work at UW-Madison was supported by the Army Research Office through Grant No. W911NF-10-1-0362 and the National Science Foundation through Grant No. ECCS-0708759 (C.B.E.) NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 134448 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134448 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 742UH UT WOS:000288970000004 ER PT J AU Krusin-Elbaum, L Shibauchi, T Kasahara, Y Okazaki, R Matsuda, Y McDonald, RD Mielke, CH Hasegawa, M AF Krusin-Elbaum, L. Shibauchi, T. Kasahara, Y. Okazaki, R. Matsuda, Y. McDonald, R. D. Mielke, C. H. Hasegawa, M. TI Interlayer magnetotransport in the overdoped cuprate Tl2Ba2CuO6+x: Quantum critical point and its downslide in an applied magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-T-C; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NORMAL-STATE; AXIS MAGNETORESISTANCE; COOPER PAIRS; FERMI-LIQUID; PSEUDOGAP; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PHASE; RESISTIVITY AB Fundamental explanations of high-temperature (high-T-c) superconductivity must account for the profound differences in the properties of the "normal" (nonsuperconducting) state at the two extremes of charge doping: heavy and light. On the light doping side, its properties clearly violate the standard Fermi-liquid theory of metals. The key to the nature of superconducting pairing lies in understanding the transition to a conventional behavior on the overdoped side. We report a convergence of the pseudogap energy scale and the boundary that separates unconventional from a conventional metal in the zero-temperature limit, both boundaries framing a V-shaped area of "strange metal" state in the temperature-doping phase space. By accessing the low-temperature regions of the phase diagram via a high-field interlayer magnetotransport in heavily doped Tl2Ba2CuO6+x, we show that the pseudogap boundary has the hallmarks of a quantum phase transition with a zero entropy jump. The critical doping (linkage) point consistently downshifts with magnetic field in unison with the suppression of T-c, suggesting that quantum critical fluctuations that destabilize the pseudogap are connected to the superconductivity with high-T-c. C1 [Krusin-Elbaum, L.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Shibauchi, T.; Okazaki, R.; Matsuda, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kasahara, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Quantum Phase Elect Ctr, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [McDonald, R. D.; Mielke, C. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hasegawa, M.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. [Krusin-Elbaum, L.] IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Krusin-Elbaum, L (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM krusin@sci.ccny.cuny.edu RI Shibauchi, Takasada/B-9349-2008; McDonald, Ross/H-3783-2013; Kasahara, Yuichi/N-8436-2013 OI Shibauchi, Takasada/0000-0001-5831-4924; McDonald, Ross/0000-0002-0188-1087; FU NSF through NHMFL [AL99424-A009]; MEXT, Japan; NSF [DMR-9527035] FX L.K.-E. and T.S. thank S. Chakravarty for his insightful and helpful comments and C.M. Varma for the vigorous stimulating discussions and his illuminating views regarding the data. This work was supported in part by NSF through NHMFL by Contract No. AL99424-A009, and in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research of MEXT, Japan. Measurements were performed at NHMFL, which is supported by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-9527035. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144530 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812YO UT WOS:000294331100001 ER PT J AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, David J. TI Structure and optical properties of high light output halide scintillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DOPED BAF2 CRYSTALS; RARE-EARTH-HALIDES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GROWTH; IODIDE; BR; CL; SPECTROSCOPY; ELPASOLITES AB Structural and optical properties of several high light output halide scintillators and closely related materials are presented based on first-principles calculations. The optical properties are based on the Engel-Vosko generalized gradient approximation and the recently developed density functional of Tran and Blaha. The materials investigated are BaBr(2), BaIBr, BaCl(2), BaF(2), BaI(2), BiI(3), CaI(2), Cs(2)LiYCl(6), CsBa(2)Br(5), CsBa(2)I(5), K(2)LaBr(5), K(2)LaCl(5), K(2)LaI(5), LaBr(3), LaCl(3), SrBr(2), and YI(3). For comparison results are presented for the oxide CdWO(4). We find that the Tran Blaha functional gives greatly improved band gaps and optical properties in this class of materials. Furthermore, we find that unlike CdWO(4), most of these halides are highly isotropic from an optical point of view even though in many cases the crystal structures and other properties are not. This general result is rationalized in terms of halide chemistry. Implications for the development of ceramic halide scintillators are discussed. C1 [Singh, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Singh, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 FU Department of Energy [NA-22] FX Work at ORNL was supported by the Department of Energy, Nonproliferation and Verification Research and Development, NA-22. NR 69 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 15 AR 155145 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.155145 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 708DW UT WOS:000286342900003 ER PT J AU Singh, Y Martin, C Bud'ko, SL Ellern, A Prozorov, R Johnston, DC AF Singh, Yogesh Martin, C. Bud'ko, S. L. Ellern, A. Prozorov, R. Johnston, D. C. TI Multigap superconductivity and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in single crystals of the layered boride OsB2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; DIBORIDE AB Single crystals of superconducting OsB2 [T-c=2.10(5) K] have been grown using a Cu-B eutectic flux. We confirm that OsB2 crystallizes in the reported orthorhombic structure (space group Pmmn) at room temperature. Both the normal and superconducting state properties of the crystals are studied using various techniques. Heat capacity versus temperature C(T) measurements yield the normal state electronic specific heat coefficient gamma=1.95(1) mJ/mol K-2 and the Debye temperature Theta(D)=539(2) K. The measured frequencies of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are in good agreement with those predicted by band structure calculations. Magnetic susceptibility chi(T, H), electrical resistivity rho(T), and C(T, H) measurements (H is the magnetic field) demonstrate that OsB2 is a bulk low-kappa [kappa(T-c)=2(1)] type-II superconductor that is intermediate between the clean and dirty limits [xi(T=0)/l=0.97)] with a small upper critical magnetic field H-c2(T=0) = 186(4) Oe. The penetration depth is lambda(T=0)=0.300 mu m. An anomalous (not single-gap BCS) T dependence of lambda was fitted by a two-gap model with Delta(1)(T=0)/k(B)T(c)=1.9 and Delta(2)(T=0)/k(B)T(c)=1.25, respectively. The discontinuity in the heat capacity at T-c, Delta C/gamma T-c=1.32, is smaller than the weak-coupling BCS value of 1.43, consistent with the two-gap nature of the superconductivity in OsB2. An anomalous increase in Delta C at T-c of unknown origin is found in finite H; e.g., Delta C/gamma T-c approximate to 2.5 for H approximate to 25 Oe. C1 [Singh, Yogesh; Martin, C.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Prozorov, R.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Singh, Yogesh; Martin, C.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Prozorov, R.; Johnston, D. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Ellern, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Singh, Y (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Prozorov, Ruslan/A-2487-2008; singh, yogesh/F-7160-2016; Gegenwart, Philipp/A-7291-2017 OI Prozorov, Ruslan/0000-0002-8088-6096; FU Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; NSF [DMR-05-53285]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. R. P. also acknowledges support from NSF under Grant No. DMR-05-53285 and from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144532 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144532 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 812YI UT WOS:000294330400001 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Wang, Y Zhang, XG Han, XF AF Zhang, Jia Wang, Yan Zhang, X. -G. Han, X. F. TI Inverse and oscillatory magnetoresistance in Fe(001)/MgO/Cr/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LAYER; CONDUCTION AB The effect of Cr(001) insertion layers in Fe(001)/MgO/Cr/Fe magnetic tunneling junctions is studied from first principles. It is shown that with the increase in the Cr(001) layer thickness, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) first decreases rapidly and then oscillates with a two-monolayer period. At some thicknesses, the oscillation leads to a sign reversal of the TMR. The oscillatory interfacial Cr moment at the Cr-MgO interface as a function of the Cr layer thickness, which arises from the layer-antiferromagnetic ordering of Cr, is the cause for the oscillatory TMR. C1 [Zhang, X. -G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, X. -G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Jia; Wang, Yan; Han, X. F.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, State Key Lab Magnetism, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, XG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xgz@ornl.gov; xfhan@aphy.iphy.ac.cn RI Wang, Yan/G-8061-2011; Zhang, Jia/A-7494-2016 OI Wang, Yan/0000-0002-8648-2172; FU Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST] [2006CB932200, 2010CB934400]; National Natural Science Foundation [NSFC] [10934099, 50928101, 50721001]; Beijing Municipal Commission of Education; K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors would like to thank S. Yuasa for helpful discussions. This project was supported by the State Key Project of Fundamental Research of Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST, Grants No. 2006CB932200 and No. 2010CB934400] and National Natural Science Foundation [NSFC, Grants No. 10934099, No. 50928101, and No. 50721001], and the partial support of Graduate Education Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education and K. C. Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 134449 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134449 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 742UH UT WOS:000288970000005 ER PT J AU Dawson, S Jaiswal, P AF Dawson, S. Jaiswal, P. TI Four generations, Higgs physics, and the MSSM SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB We consider the effects of a fourth generation of chiral fermions within the MSSM (minimal supersymmetric standard model). Such a model offers the possibility of having the lightest neutral Higgs boson significantly heavier than in the three generation MSSM. The model is highly constrained by precision electroweak data, along with Higgs searches at the Tevatron. In addition, the requirements of perturbative unitarity and direct searches for heavy quarks imply that the four generation MSSM is only consistent for tan beta similar to 1 and highly tuned 4th generation fermion masses. C1 [Dawson, S.; Jaiswal, P.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaiswal, P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Yang Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. RP Dawson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Jaiswal, Prerit/0000-0001-9208-419X; Dawson, Sally/0000-0002-5598-695X FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work is supported by the United States Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 073017 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.073017 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA V25JS UT WOS:000208474900003 ER PT J AU Liu, J Mendenhall, MP Holley, AT Back, HO Bowles, TJ Broussard, LJ Carr, R Clayton, S Currie, S Filippone, BW Garcia, A Geltenbort, P Hickerson, KP Hoagland, J Hogan, GE Hona, B Ito, TM Liu, CY Makela, M Mammei, RR Martin, JW Melconian, D Morris, CL Pattie, RW Galvan, AP Pitt, ML Plaster, B Ramsey, JC Rios, R Russell, R Saunders, A Seestrom, SJ Sondheim, WE Tatar, E Vogelaar, RB VornDick, B Wrede, C Yan, H Young, AR AF Liu, J. Mendenhall, M. P. Holley, A. T. Back, H. O. Bowles, T. J. Broussard, L. J. Carr, R. Clayton, S. Currie, S. Filippone, B. W. Garcia, A. Geltenbort, P. Hickerson, K. P. Hoagland, J. Hogan, G. E. Hona, B. Ito, T. M. Liu, C. -Y. Makela, M. Mammei, R. R. Martin, J. W. Melconian, D. Morris, C. L. Pattie, R. W., Jr. Galvan, A. Perez Pitt, M. L. Plaster, B. Ramsey, J. C. Rios, R. Russell, R. Saunders, A. Seestrom, S. J. Sondheim, W. E. Tatar, E. Vogelaar, R. B. VornDick, B. Wrede, C. Yan, H. Young, A. R. CA UCNA Collaboration TI Determination of the Axial-Vector Weak Coupling Constant with Ultracold Neutrons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BETA-DECAY; POLARIZED NEUTRONS; ASYMMETRY; PROTON; TESTS AB A precise measurement of the neutron decay beta asymmetry A(0) has been carried out using polarized ultracold neutrons from the pulsed spallation ultracold neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Combining data obtained in 2008 and 2009, we report A(0) = -0.119 66 +/- 0.000 89(-0.001 40)(+0.001 23), from which we determine the ratio of the axial- vector to vector weak coupling of the nucleon gA/gV = -1.275 90(-0.004 45)(+0.004 09). C1 [Liu, J.; Mendenhall, M. P.; Carr, R.; Filippone, B. W.; Hickerson, K. P.; Galvan, A. Perez; Russell, R.] CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Liu, J.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Holley, A. T.; Back, H. O.; Hoagland, J.; Pattie, R. W., Jr.; VornDick, B.; Young, A. R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Back, H. O.; Broussard, L. J.; Pattie, R. W., Jr.; Young, A. R.] Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Bowles, T. J.; Clayton, S.; Currie, S.; Hogan, G. E.; Ito, T. M.; Makela, M.; Morris, C. L.; Ramsey, J. C.; Rios, R.; Saunders, A.; Seestrom, S. J.; Sondheim, W. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Broussard, L. J.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Garcia, A.; Wrede, C.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Geltenbort, P.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Hona, B.; Plaster, B.; Yan, H.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Liu, C. -Y.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Mammei, R. R.; Pitt, M. L.; Vogelaar, R. B.] Virginia Tech, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Martin, J. W.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Phys, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Melconian, D.; Tatar, E.] Texas AM Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Rios, R.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI Melconian, Dan/A-1331-2011; Liu, Jianglai/P-2587-2015; OI Melconian, Dan/0000-0002-0142-5428; Liu, Jianglai/0000-0002-4563-3157; Broussard, Leah/0000-0001-9182-2808; Makela, Mark/0000-0003-0592-3683; Currie, Scott/0000-0002-6164-7321; Morris, Christopher/0000-0003-2141-0255; Ito, Takeyasu/0000-0003-3494-6796; Garcia, Alejandro/0000-0001-6056-6645; Clayton, Steven/0000-0002-1401-2761 FU Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics, National Science Foundation [NSF-0555674, NSF-0855538, NSF-0653222]; Los Alamos National Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physics, National Science Foundation (NSF-0555674, NSF-0855538, NSF-0653222), and the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD program. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the LANSCE and AOT divisions of Los Alamos National Lab. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 181803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.181803 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 673IF UT WOS:000283652100002 PM 21231098 ER PT J AU Mao, HK Shirley, EL Ding, Y Eng, P Cai, YQ Chow, P Xiao, YM Shu, JF Hemley, RJ Kao, CC Mao, WL AF Mao, Ho Kwang Shirley, Eric L. Ding, Yang Eng, Peter Cai, Yong Q. Chow, Paul Xiao, Yuming Shu, Jinfu Hemley, Russell J. Kao, Chichang Mao, Wendy L. TI Electronic Structure of Crystalline He-4 at High Pressures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Using inelastic x-ray scattering techniques, we have succeeded in probing the high-pressure electronic structure of helium at 300 K. Helium has the widest known valence-conduction band gap of all materials a property whose high-pressure response has been inaccessible to direct measurements. We observed a rich electron excitation spectrum, including a cutoff edge above 23 eV, a sharp exciton peak showing linear volume dependence, and a series of excitations and continuum at 26 to 45 eV. We determined the electronic dispersion along the Gamma-M direction over two Brillouin zones, and provided a quantitative picture of the helium exciton beyond the simplified Wannier-Frenkel description. C1 [Mao, Ho Kwang; Shu, Jinfu; Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. [Mao, Ho Kwang; Ding, Yang] Carnegie Inst Washington, HPSynC, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Mao, Ho Kwang; Chow, Paul; Xiao, Yuming] Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shirley, Eric L.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eng, Peter] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Eng, Peter] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cai, Yong Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kao, Chichang] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SSRL, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mao, Wendy L.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, SIMES, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Mao, Wendy L.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Mao, HK (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Mao, Wendy/D-1885-2009; Ding, Yang/K-1995-2014; Cai, Yong/C-5036-2008 OI Ding, Yang/0000-0002-8845-4618; Cai, Yong/0000-0002-9957-6426 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0001057]; Division of Material Science and Engineering [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX08AL27G]; NSF [DMR-0805056, EAR-0622171]; DOE-NNSA; DOE-BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DOE-Geosciences [DE-FG02-94ER14466]; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center; National Science Center of Taiwan FX This research was carried out as part of the EFree, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) under Grant No. DE-SC0001057, and the Division of Material Science and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant No. NNX08AL27G, and NSF Grant No. DMR-0805056. The use of HPCAT (Sector 16) is supported by CIW, CDAC, UNLV, and LLNL through funding from DOE-NNSA, DOE-BES, and NSF; the use of GSECARS is supported by the NSF EAR-0622171 and DOE-Geosciences DE-FG02-94ER14466; the use of BL12XU, SPring-8, is supported by the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center and National Science Center of Taiwan. APS is supported by DOE-BES, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 186404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.186404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 673IF UT WOS:000283652100003 PM 21231121 ER PT J AU Zhao, R Zhou, J Koschny, T Economou, EN Soukoulis, CM AF Zhao, R. Zhou, J. Koschny, Th. Economou, E. N. Soukoulis, C. M. TI Comment on "Repulsive Casimir Force in Chiral Metamaterials'' Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Zhao, R.; Zhou, J.; Koschny, Th.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhao, R.; Zhou, J.; Koschny, Th.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Zhao, R.] Beijing Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Appl Opt Beijing Area Major Lab, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Koschny, Th.; Economou, E. N.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Univ Crete, FORTH, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. [Koschny, Th.; Economou, E. N.; Soukoulis, C. M.] Univ Crete, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Iraklion 71110, Crete, Greece. RP Zhao, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Zhao, Rongkuo/B-5731-2008; Economou, Eleftherios /E-6374-2010; Soukoulis, Costas/A-5295-2008; Zhou, Jiangfeng/D-4292-2009 OI Zhou, Jiangfeng/0000-0002-6958-3342 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 189302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.189302 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 673IF UT WOS:000283652100010 ER PT J AU Cage, B McNeely, JH Davis, K Mihovilovich, AJ Gopalakrishnan, B Haferkamp, B Rajh, T Santarsiero, BD AF Cage, Brant McNeely, James Halley Davis, Kim Mihovilovich, Anthony J. Gopalakrishnan, Bhavani Haferkamp, Bonnie Rajh, Tijana Santarsiero, Bernard D. TI Magnetization and EPR of a series of Cr3+ squarate dimers SO POLYHEDRON LA English DT Article DE Magnetic susceptibility; Electron paramagnetic resonance; Cr(III); Contrast agent ID PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MULTIFREQUENCY EPR; SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; FIELD MAGNETIZATION; PHASE-TRANSITION; CONTRAST AGENTS; COMPLEXES; ACID AB A series of Cr(III) dimers were synthesized from a parent compound [Cr-2(mu-oxo)(2)(mu(1.2)-C4O4)(2)(H2O)(4)]center dot 2H(2)O (I) by ligand substitution. The compounds have been analyzed using variable frequency EPR (9110 GHz) and magnetic susceptibility as a function of field (0-9 T) and temperature (1.9-300 K) to obtain their electronic g-values, exchange energies, and zero-field parameters. The parent compound exhibits a broad maximum around 34 K characteristic of a dimer with antiferromagnetic coupling that fit the Van Vleck susceptibility model well. It was found that the maxima could be tuned from 34 to 80 K by ligand substitution of the waters. Each compound possesses a characteristic color spanning the range of teal to pink. The g-value of each compound was found to be similar to 1.98 using spectral simulation. The DMSO derivative is water soluble and has a high LC50 for PC3 cancer cells, suggesting its use as a magnetic resonance imaging agent. X-ray crystal structure of the DMSO derivative [Cr-2(mu-oxo)(2)(mu(1.2)-C4O4)(2)(C2H6SO)(4)]center dot 2H(2)O (II) revealed that the DMSO ligands are equatorial, and the squarate groups bridge the two chromiums. This is in contrast to the previously proposed structure of the parent compound where the water ligands were axial and the equatorial squarate groups did not bridge the chromiums. These compounds are interesting because of their ease of synthesis, and their wide range of magnetic behavior. The compounds are good probes into antiferromagnetic dimer exchange by controlling the ligand field surrounding the superexchange pathway present in the molecule. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cage, Brant; McNeely, James Halley; Davis, Kim; Mihovilovich, Anthony J.; Gopalakrishnan, Bhavani; Haferkamp, Bonnie] IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Rajh, Tijana] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, NanBio Interface Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Santarsiero, Bernard D.] Univ Illinois, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Cage, B (reprint author), IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM pcage@iit.edu NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-5387 J9 POLYHEDRON JI Polyhedron PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 16 BP 3021 EP 3027 DI 10.1016/j.poly.2010.07.021 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 682HN UT WOS:000284392100001 ER PT J AU Gozen, AO Gaines, MK Hamersky, MW Maniadis, P Rasmussen, KO Smith, SD Spontak, RJ AF Gozen, Arif O. Gaines, Michelle K. Hamersky, Mark W. Maniadis, Panagiotis Rasmussen, Kim O. Smith, Steven D. Spontak, Richard J. TI Controlling the phase behavior of block copolymers via sequential block growth SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE Block copolymer; Phase behavior; Mean-field theory ID TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; DIBLOCK; MELTS; NANOTECHNOLOGY AB Block copolymers remain one of the most extensively investigated classes of polymers due to their abilities to self-organize into various nanostructures and modify polymer/polymer interfaces. Despite fundamental and technological interest in these materials, only a handful of experimental phase diagrams exist due to the laborious task of preparing such diagrams. In this work, two copolymer series are each synthesized from a single macromolecule via sequential living anionic polymerization to yield molecularly asymmetric diblock and triblock copolymers systematically varying in composition. The phase behavior and morphology of these copolymers are experimentally interrogated and quantitatively compared with predictions from mean-field theories, which probe copolymer phase behavior beyond current experimental conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gozen, Arif O.; Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gaines, Michelle K.; Spontak, Richard J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hamersky, Mark W.; Smith, Steven D.] Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Innovat Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45061 USA. [Maniadis, Panagiotis; Rasmussen, Kim O.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Spontak, RJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM rich_spontak@ncsu.edu RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Maniadis, Panagiotis/A-7861-2012 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; FU Research Council of Norway; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies; GEM Fellowship; NOBCChE Procter Gamble; National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported, in part, by the Research Council of Norway under the NANOMAT Program and the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies. M. K. G. expresses her gratitude for a GEM Fellowship and a NOBCChE Procter & Gamble Fellowship. Research at Los Alamos National Laboratory is carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 51 IS 23 BP 5304 EP 5308 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.006 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 677XN UT WOS:000284029200003 ER PT J AU Evans, JW Thiel, PA AF Evans, James W. Thiel, Patricia A. TI A Little Chemistry Helps the Big Get Bigger SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURFACE SELF-DIFFUSION; METAL-SURFACES; GROWTH C1 [Evans, James W.] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Thiel, Patricia A.] Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Evans, JW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US Dept Energy, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM evans@ameslab.gov; thiel@ameslab.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6004 BP 599 EP 600 DI 10.1126/science.1191665 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 672KB UT WOS:000283580600026 PM 21030638 ER PT J AU Del Bene, F Wyart, C Robles, E Tran, A Looger, L Scott, EK Isacoff, EY Baier, H AF Del Bene, Filippo Wyart, Claire Robles, Estuardo Tran, Amanda Looger, Loren Scott, Ethan K. Isacoff, Ehud Y. Baier, Herwig TI Filtering of Visual Information in the Tectum by an Identified Neural Circuit SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEBRAFISH OPTIC TECTUM; SUPERIOR COLLICULUS; LARVAL ZEBRAFISH; IN-VIVO; ENHANCER; CELLS AB The optic tectum of zebrafish is involved in behavioral responses that require the detection of small objects. The superficial layers of the tectal neuropil receive input from retinal axons, while its deeper layers convey the processed information to premotor areas. Imaging with a genetically encoded calcium indicator revealed that the deep layers, as well as the dendrites of single tectal neurons, are preferentially activated by small visual stimuli. This spatial filtering relies on GABAergic interneurons (using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid) that are located in the superficial input layer and respond only to large visual stimuli. Photo-ablation of these cells with KillerRed, or silencing of their synaptic transmission, eliminates the size tuning of deeper layers and impairs the capture of prey. C1 [Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wyart, Claire; Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Helen Wills Neurosci Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Del Bene, Filippo; Robles, Estuardo; Tran, Amanda; Scott, Ethan K.; Baier, Herwig] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Looger, Loren] Howard Hughes Med Inst, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isacoff, Ehud Y.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Isacoff, EY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ehud@calmail.berkeley.edu; herwig.baier@ucsf.edu RI Scott, Ethan/F-6693-2015; Wyart, Claire/H-3783-2016; OI Wyart, Claire/0000-0002-1668-4975; Scott, Ethan/0000-0003-3150-9216; del bene, filippo/0000-0001-8551-2846 FU Human Frontier Science Program long-term postdoctoral fellowship; Marie Curie Outgoing International Fellowship [UMR5020]; CNRS [UMR5020]; NSF; NIH Nanomedicine Development Center for the Optical Control of Biological Function [PN2 EY018241]; NSF/FIBR [0623527]; Sandler Opportunity Award; Byers Basic Science Award; NIHR [R01 EY012406, R01 NS053358] FX We thank W. Staub for care of animals, T. Muller for the gad67 probe, K. Kawakami for Tol2 and TeTxLC-CFP reagents, L. Garner for advice on the visual setup, and J. Nakai for the GCaMP1.6 vector. F. D. B. and C. W. were supported, respectively, by a Human Frontier Science Program long-term postdoctoral fellowship and a Marie Curie Outgoing International Fellowship (with CNRS UMR5020 "Neurosciences Sensorielles, Comportement Cognition," Lyon, France). E. R. was supported by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship. This work was funded by the NIH Nanomedicine Development Center for the Optical Control of Biological Function (PN2 EY018241, E.Y.I. and H. B.), NSF/FIBR 0623527 (E.Y.I.), a Sandler Opportunity Award (H. B.), the Byers Basic Science Award (H. B.), and NIH grants R01 EY012406 and R01 NS053358 (H.B.). NR 28 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 6 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 330 IS 6004 BP 669 EP 673 DI 10.1126/science.1192949 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 672KB UT WOS:000283580600048 PM 21030657 ER PT J AU Kuchibhatla, S Rodak, LE Korakakis, D AF Kuchibhatla, S. Rodak, L. E. Korakakis, D. TI Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization of AlN thin films grown on sacrificial silicon oxide layers via metal organic vapor phase epitaxy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Aluminum nitride; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Wet etching; Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy; Air bridges ID SELECTIVE-AREA GROWTH; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; PIEZOELECTRIC COEFFICIENTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SURFACE; GAN; TEMPERATURE; MEMS; MICROBRIDGES AB Aluminum nitride (AlN) films were grown using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy techniques on Si (111) substrates patterned with silicon oxide (SiOx) stripes and the vibrational properties of these films were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The grown films contained a predominantly wurtzite AlN phase. The AlN film on SiOx was prone to corrosion when subjected to wet etching in buffered hydrofluoric acid solution thereby changing the material properties of the AlN film on SiOx. The change in the material properties of the AlN films on SiOx can be gauged from the decrease in the relative integrated areas under the A1 (TO) and E1 (TO) modes of the AlN film. The analysis shows that FTIR is a viable tool for investigating the material properties of AlN thin film structures with lateral dimensions as low as 100 mu m. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuchibhatla, S.; Rodak, L. E.; Korakakis, D.] W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Korakakis, D.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Kuchibhatla, S (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Lane Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM skuchibh@mix.wvu.edu FU AIXTRON; DOE/NETL RDS [DE-AC26-04NT41817]; NSF [EPS 0554328]; West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowship in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) FX This work was supported in part by AIXTRON, DOE/NETL RDS contract DE-AC26-04NT41817, and NSF RII contract EPS 0554328. L.E.R was supported by the West Virginia Graduate Student Fellowship in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). NR 60 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 519 IS 1 BP 117 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.07.076 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 676YI UT WOS:000283955200021 ER PT J AU Gorrie, CW Sigdel, AK Berry, JJ Reese, BJ van Hest, MFAM Holloway, PH Ginley, DS Perkins, JD AF Gorrie, Christopher W. Sigdel, Ajaya K. Berry, Joseph J. Reese, Brandon J. van Hest, Maikel F. A. M. Holloway, Paul H. Ginley, David S. Perkins, John D. TI Effect of deposition distance and temperature on electrical, optical and structural properties of radio-frequency magnetron-sputtered gallium-doped zinc oxide SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Gallium-doped zinc oxide; Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering; Structural properties; Optical properties; Electronic properties ID ZNO-GA FILMS; THIN-FILMS; IMPROVEMENT; VACUUM AB Films of gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) were deposited on glass substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering using a ceramic target of Ga:ZnO (4 at.% Ga vs. Zn). Both the substrate temperature (T(s)) and the target-substrate distance (d(ts)) were varied and the effect on electrical, optical and structural properties of the resulting films were measured. The highest conductivity of 3200 S/cm was obtained at a deposition temperature of 250 degrees C, at a d(ts) of 51 mm. This sample had the highest carrier concentration in this study, 9.6 x 10(20)/cm(3). Optical transmittance of all films was <90% in the visible range. The grain size of the film grown at d(ts) = 51 mm was smaller than the grain size for films grown with a shorter d(ts); moreover, the films with d(ts) = 51 mm exhibited the smoothest surface, with a root mean square surface roughness of 2.7 nm. Changes in T(s) have a more pronounced effect on conductivity compared to changes in d(ts); however, variations in structure do not appear to be well-correlated with conductivity for samples in the 2000-3200 S/cm range. These results suggest that incorporation and activation of Ga is of key importance when attempting to obtain GZO films with conductivities greater than 2000 S/cm. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Berry, Joseph J.; van Hest, Maikel F. A. M.; Ginley, David S.; Perkins, John D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Sigdel, Ajaya K.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO USA. [Gorrie, Christopher W.; Holloway, Paul H.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Reese, Brandon J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Berry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. EM joseph.berry@nrel.gov FU United States Department of Energy's (DOE); National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) [M6642866] FX This project was funded by the United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Building Technologies Solid State Lighting program and the Solar Energy Technologies Solar Photovoltaics program as well as the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) Laboratory Directed Research and Development program (LDRD) Award No. M6642866. We also acknowledge contributions and constructive conversations regarding this work with Daniel J. Gaspar and Dean Matson of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 519 IS 1 BP 190 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.07.098 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 676YI UT WOS:000283955200033 ER PT J AU Mann, JR Bhattacharya, RN AF Mann, Jonathan R. Bhattacharya, Raghu N. TI Thin film growth of epitaxial gadolinium oxide, gadolinium yttrium oxide, and gadolinium cerium oxide by electrodeposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Gadolinium; Yttrium; Cerium; Electrodeposition; Superconductors; Buffer; X-Ray Diffraction ID YBA2CU3O7-DELTA SUPERCONDUCTORS; BUFFER LAYERS; FUEL-CELLS; METAL; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; CORROSION; GD2ZR2O7; GD2O3 AB Thin films of gadolinium oxide, gadolinium yttrium oxide, and gadolinium cerium oxide were electrodeposited from non-aqueous baths. The films were on the order of 15 nm thick, and were grown epitaxially on textured nickel-tungsten substrates. The effect of deposition rate, annealing temperature and secondary metals on crystallinity and crystal orientation was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Slower rates, higher temperatures and low concentrations of yttrium improve the crystallinity of gadolinium oxide films, whereas the introduction of cerium induced polycrystallinity. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mann, Jonathan R.; Bhattacharya, Raghu N.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mann, JR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jonathan.mann@nrel.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX This work has been performed by employees of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, under contract number DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. The authors would like to thank Andrew Norman for help with the electron microscopy. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 29 PY 2010 VL 519 IS 1 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.07.109 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 676YI UT WOS:000283955200036 ER PT J AU Wilson, DC Aster, R Grand, S Ni, J Baldridge, WS AF Wilson, David C. Aster, Richard Grand, Stephen Ni, James Baldridge, W. Scott TI High-resolution receiver function imaging reveals Colorado Plateau lithospheric architecture and mantle-supported topography SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIO-GRANDE RIFT; SMALL-SCALE CONVECTION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; LOW-ANGLE SUBDUCTION; EVOLUTION; UPLIFT; MAGMATISM; HISTORY; BENEATH; CRUSTAL AB After maintaining elevations near sea level for over 500 million years, the Colorado Plateau (CP) has a present average elevation of 2 km. We compute new receiver function images from the first dense seismic transect to cross the plateau that reveal a central CP crustal thickness of 4250 km thinning to 30-35 km at the CP margins. Isostatic calculations show that only approximately 20% of central CP elevations can be explained by thickened crust alone, with the CP edges requiring nearly total mantle compensation. We calculate an uplift budget showing that CP buoyancy arises from a combination of crustal thickening, heating and alteration of the lithospheric root, dynamic support from mantle upwelling, and significant buoyant edge effects produced by small-scale convecting asthenosphere at its margins. Citation: Wilson, D. C., R. Aster, S. Grand, J. Ni, and W. S. Baldridge (2010), High-resolution receiver function imaging reveals Colorado Plateau lithospheric architecture and mantle-supported topography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20313, doi:10.1029/2010GL044799. C1 [Wilson, David C.] US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. [Aster, Richard] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Grand, Stephen] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ni, James] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Baldridge, W. Scott] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, DC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, POB 82010, Albuquerque, NM 87198 USA. EM dwilson@usgs.gov RI Grand, Stephen/B-4238-2011; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 FU National Science Foundation [EAR 9706094, 9707188, 9707190, 0207812, EAR-000430]; Los Alamos National Laboratory Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants EAR 9706094, 9707188, 9707190, and 0207812, and by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. Instruments and critical field and data assistance were provided by the PASSCAL facility of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) through the PASSCAL Instrument Center at New Mexico Tech. RISTRA data are openly available from the IRIS Data Management System under experiment codes XM 99-01 and XK 04-06. IRIS facilities are supported by Cooperative Agreement NSF EAR-000430 and the Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20313 DI 10.1029/2010GL044799 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 674LV UT WOS:000283747000004 ER PT J AU Apollonio, M Artamonov, A Bagulya, A Barr, G Blondel, A Bobisut, F Bogomilov, M Bonesini, M Booth, C Borghi, S Bunyatov, S Burguet-Castell, J Catanesi, MG Cervera-Villanueva, A Chimenti, P Coney, L Di Capua, E Dore, U Dumarchez, J Edgecock, R Ellis, M Ferri, F Gastaldi, U Giani, S Giannini, G Gibin, D Gilardoni, S Gorbunov, P Gossling, C Gomez-Cadenas, JJ Grant, A Graulich, JS Gregoire, G Grichine, V Grossheim, A Guglielmi, A Howlett, L Ivanchenko, A Ivanchenko, V Kayis-Topaksu, A Kirsanov, M Kolev, D Krasnoperov, A Martin-Albo, J Meurer, C Mezzetto, M Mills, GB Morone, MC Novella, P Orestano, D Palladino, V Panman, J Papadopoulos, I Pastore, F Piperov, S Polukhina, N Popov, B Prior, G Radicioni, E Schmitz, D Schroeter, R Skoro, G Sorel, M Tcherniaev, E Temnikov, P Tereschenko, V Tonazzo, A Tortora, L Tsenov, R Tsukerman, I Vidal-Sitjes, G Wiebusch, C Zucchelli, P AF Apollonio, M. Artamonov, A. Bagulya, A. Barr, G. Blondel, A. Bobisut, F. Bogomilov, M. Bonesini, M. Booth, C. Borghi, S. Bunyatov, S. Burguet-Castell, J. Catanesi, M. G. Cervera-Villanueva, A. Chimenti, P. Coney, L. Di Capua, E. Dore, U. Dumarchez, J. Edgecock, R. Ellis, M. Ferri, F. Gastaldi, U. Giani, S. Giannini, G. Gibin, D. Gilardoni, S. Gorbunov, P. Goessling, C. Gomez-Cadenas, J. J. Grant, A. Graulich, J. S. Gregoire, G. Grichine, V. Grossheim, A. Guglielmi, A. Howlett, L. Ivanchenko, A. Ivanchenko, V. Kayis-Topaksu, A. Kirsanov, M. Kolev, D. Krasnoperov, A. Martin-Albo, J. Meurer, C. Mezzetto, M. Mills, G. B. Morone, M. C. Novella, P. Orestano, D. Palladino, V. Panman, J. Papadopoulos, I. Pastore, F. Piperov, S. Polukhina, N. Popov, B. Prior, G. Radicioni, E. Schmitz, D. Schroeter, R. Skoro, G. Sorel, M. Tcherniaev, E. Temnikov, P. Tereschenko, V. Tonazzo, A. Tortora, L. Tsenov, R. Tsukerman, I. Vidal-Sitjes, G. Wiebusch, C. Zucchelli, P. CA HARP Collaboration TI Measurements of forward proton production with incident protons and charged pions on nuclear targets at the CERN Proton Synchroton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID 450 GEV/C PROTONS; ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINO FLUX; PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION; POSITIVE PIONS; BERYLLIUM; HARP; PI(+/-); COLLISIONS; DETECTOR; CASCADE AB Measurements of the double-differential proton production cross-section d(2 sigma)/dpd Omega in the range of momentum 0.5 GeV/c <= p < 8.0 GeV/c and angle 0.05 rad <= theta < 0.25 rad in collisions of charged pions and protons on beryllium, carbon, aluminium, copper, tin, tantalum, and lead are presented. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors and impinged on a target of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using the forward spectrometer of the HARP experiment. Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections mainly at four incident beam momenta (3, 5, 8, and 12 GeV/c). Measurements are compared with predictions of the GEANT4 and MARS Monte Carlo generators. C1 [Bonesini, M.; Ferri, F.] Sez INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. [Apollonio, M.; Chimenti, P.; Giannini, G.] Univ Sez INFN, Trieste, Italy. [Artamonov, A.; Giani, S.; Gilardoni, S.; Gorbunov, P.; Grant, A.; Grossheim, A.; Ivanchenko, A.; Ivanchenko, V.; Kayis-Topaksu, A.; Panman, J.; Papadopoulos, I.; Tcherniaev, E.; Tsukerman, I.; Wiebusch, C.; Zucchelli, P.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Bagulya, A.; Grichine, V.; Polukhina, N.] Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Inst Phys FIAN, Moscow, Russia. [Barr, G.] Univ Oxford, Nucl & Astrophys Lab, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Guglielmi, A.; Mezzetto, M.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. [Blondel, A.; Borghi, S.; Morone, M. C.; Prior, G.; Schroeter, R.] Univ Geneva, Sect Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Bobisut, F.; Gibin, D.] Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. [Bogomilov, M.; Kolev, D.; Tsenov, R.] Sofia Univ St Kliment Ohridski, Fac Phys, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Booth, C.; Howlett, L.; Skoro, G.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Bunyatov, S.; Krasnoperov, A.; Popov, B.; Tereschenko, V.] Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Catanesi, M. G.; Radicioni, E.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bari, Italy. [Burguet-Castell, J.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Martin-Albo, J.; Novella, P.; Sorel, M.] Univ Valencia, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. [Burguet-Castell, J.; Cervera-Villanueva, A.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Martin-Albo, J.; Novella, P.; Sorel, M.] CSIC, IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, Madrid, Spain. [Di Capua, E.; Vidal-Sitjes, G.] Univ Sez INFN, Ferrara, Italy. [Dore, U.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Dore, U.] Sez INFN Roma I, Rome, Italy. [Dumarchez, J.] Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. [Dumarchez, J.] Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. [Edgecock, R.; Ellis, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gastaldi, U.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Goessling, C.] Univ Dortmund, Inst Phys, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Graulich, J. S.; Gregoire, G.] Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Phys Nucl, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Kirsanov, M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Meurer, C.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Phys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Tortora, L.] Sez INFN Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. [Orestano, D.; Pastore, F.; Tonazzo, A.] Univ Roma Tre, Rome, Italy. [Palladino, V.] Univ Naples Federico 2, Naples, Italy. [Palladino, V.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Naples, Italy. [Piperov, S.; Temnikov, P.] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria. [Coney, L.; Schmitz, D.] Columbia Univ, MiniBooNE Coll, New York, NY USA. [Mills, G. B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MiniBooNE Coll, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Bonesini, M (reprint author), Sez INFN Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy. EM maurizio.bonesini@mib.infn.it RI Skoro, Goran/F-3642-2010; Chimenti, Pietro/F-9898-2012; Wiebusch, Christopher/G-6490-2012; Prior, Gersende/I-8191-2013; Bagulya, Alexander/D-4273-2014; Novella, Pau/K-2845-2014; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/L-2003-2014; Skoro, Goran/P-1229-2014; Polukhina, Natalia/E-1610-2014; Grichine, Vladimir/M-8526-2015; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/G-3453-2016; Morone, Maria Cristina/P-4407-2016; Temnikov, Petar/L-6999-2016; Booth, Christopher/B-5263-2016; OI Chimenti, Pietro/0000-0002-9755-5066; Wiebusch, Christopher/0000-0002-6418-3008; Novella, Pau/0000-0002-0923-3172; Gomez Cadenas, Juan Jose/0000-0002-8224-7714; Skoro, Goran/0000-0001-7745-9045; Tcherniaev, Evgueni/0000-0002-3685-0635; Morone, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-0200-0632; Temnikov, Petar/0000-0002-9559-3384; Bonesini, Maurizio/0000-0001-5119-1896; Prior, Gersende/0000-0002-6058-1420; Booth, Christopher/0000-0002-6051-2847; Sorel, Michel/0000-0003-2141-9508; Martin-Albo, Justo/0000-0002-7318-1469; Schmitz, David/0000-0003-2165-7389 FU Institut Interuniversitaire des Sciences Nucleaires; Interuniversitair Instituut voor Kernwetenschappen (Belgium); Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [FPA2003-06921-c02-02]; Generalitat Valenciana [GV00-054-1]; CERN (Geneva, Switzerland); German Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (Germany); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); INR RAS (Moscow); Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-02-00018]; Bulgarian Mational Science Fund [VU-F-205/2006]; Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (UK) FX The experiment was made possible by grants from the Institut Interuniversitaire des Sciences Nucleaires and the Interuniversitair Instituut voor Kernwetenschappen (Belgium), Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Grant No. FPA2003-06921-c02-02 and Generalitat Valenciana, Grant No. GV00-054-1, CERN (Geneva, Switzerland), the German Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), INR RAS (Moscow), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 08-02-00018), the Bulgarian Mational Science Fund (Contract No. VU-F-205/2006), and the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (UK). We gratefully acknowledge their support. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 045208 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.82.045208 PG 33 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 672JL UT WOS:000283579000005 ER PT J AU Wu, QS Rao, NSV Lu, XK Kwon, KH AF Wu, Qishi Rao, Nageswara S. V. Lu, Xukang Kwon, Ki-Hyeon TI Stabilizing transport dynamics of control channels over wide-area networks SO COMPUTER NETWORKS LA English DT Article DE Goodput stabilization; Stochastic approximation methods; Transport control AB The next generation large-scale computing applications require network support for interactive visualization, computational steering and instrument control over wide-area networks. In particular, these applications require stable transport streams over wide-area networks, which are not adequately supported by current transport methods. We propose a new class of protocols capable of stabilizing a transport channel at a specified throughput level in the presence of random network dynamics based on the classical Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation approach. These protocols dynamically adjust the window size or sleep time at the source to achieve stable throughput at the destination. The target throughput typically corresponds to a small fraction of the available connection bandwidth. This approach yields provably probabilistically stable protocols as a consequence of carefully adjusted step sizes. The superior and robust stabilization performance of the proposed approach is extensively evaluated in a simulated environment and further verified through real-life implementations and deployments over both Internet and dedicated connections under disparate network conditions in comparison with existing transport methods. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Qishi; Lu, Xukang; Kwon, Ki-Hyeon] Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kwon, Ki-Hyeon] Kangwon Natl Univ, Dept Informat & Commun Engn, Samcheok 245711, Gangwon, South Korea. RP Wu, QS (reprint author), Univ Memphis, Dept Comp Sci, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. EM qishiwu@memphis.edu; raons@ornl.gov; xlv@memphis.edu; kkwon@memphis.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science [DE-SC0002400]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy [PO 4000090164]; University of Memphis FX This research is sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science under Grant No. DE-SC0002400 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. PO 4000090164 with University of Memphis. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1389-1286 EI 1872-7069 J9 COMPUT NETW JI Comput. Netw. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 54 IS 15 BP 2728 EP 2743 DI 10.1016/j.comnet.2010.05.004 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 665MO UT WOS:000283039900010 ER PT J AU Yacovitch, TI Garand, E Neumark, DM AF Yacovitch, Tara I. Garand, Etienne Neumark, Daniel M. TI Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging of the i-Methylvinoxide Anion SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-IONS; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTROSCOPY; INTERNAL-ROTATION; ENOLATE RADICALS; VINOXY RADICALS; STATES; ENERGETICS; RESOLUTION; MOLECULES AB High-resolution photoelectron spectra of the i-methylvinoxide anion are obtained by slow electron velocity-map imaging. The transitions between the anion ground electronic state, (X) over tilde (1)A', and the radical (X) over tilde (2)A '', and (A) over tilde (2)A' states are measured. Franck-Condon simulations of the (X) over tilde (2)A '' <- (X) over tilde (1)A' transition are performed to aid in assigning peaks, yielding several vibrational frequencies for the first time. Additional structure in the spectrum of the (X) over tilde (2)A '' <- (X) over tilde (1)A' transition is attributed to hindered rotor motion of the methyl group. Simulation of methyl torsional states allows identification of the true origin peak, yielding the experimental adiabatic electron affinity, EA = 1.747 +/- 0.002 eV, and the (A) over tilde state term energy, T(0) = 1.037 +/- 0.002 eV. Comparison with the fully deuterated isotopologue further supports the assignment of hindered rotor progressions. The favored methyl rotor position is eclipsed in the radical (X) over tilde state and staggered in the anion (X) over tilde and radical (A) over tilde states. C1 [Yacovitch, Tara I.; Garand, Etienne; Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Neumark, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dneumark@berkeley.edu RI Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F49620-03-1-0085, FA9550-09-1-0343]; Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant nos. F49620-03-1-0085 and FA9550-09-1-0343. T.I.Y. thanks the Fonds Quebecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT) for a Master's scholarship. T.I.Y. and E.G. thank the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for post graduate scholarships. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 42 BP 11091 EP 11099 DI 10.1021/jp101930b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666HU UT WOS:000283106200010 PM 20443602 ER PT J AU Shubert, VA Pratt, ST AF Shubert, V. Alvin Pratt, Stephen T. TI Photodissociation of Acetaldehyde and the Absolute Photoionization Cross Section of HCO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ROAMING MECHANISM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THRESHOLD; COMBUSTION; PHOTOFRAGMENTS; CHEMISTRY; RADICALS; DYNAMICS; OXYGEN AB Photodissociation of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) at 266 nm produced CH3 and HCO radicals, and single-photon vacuum ultraviolet ionization was used to record velocity map ion images of both CH3+ and HCO+. Comparison of the translational energy distributions from both species indicates that secondary fragmentation of HCO is negligible for 266 nm photodissociation. Thus, the relative photoion signals for CH3+ and HCO+ in the mass spectrometer, combined with the recently measured absolute photoionization cross section of CH3, allowed the determination of the absolute photoionization cross section of HCO(sigma(HCO) = 4.8 +/- (2.0)(1.5), 5.9 (2.2)(1.6), and 3.7 +/- (1.6)(1.2) Mb at 10.257, 10.304, and 10.379 eV, respectively). The observed values are quite small but consistent with the similarly small value at threshold for the isoelectronic species NO. This behavior is discussed in terms of the character of the HOMO in both molecules. C1 [Shubert, V. Alvin; Pratt, Stephen T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pratt, ST (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Shubert, V. Alvin/C-6736-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-ACO2-06C1-111357] FX We thank S. T. Manson for helpful conversations about the photoionization cross sections of NO and HCO. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under Contract No. DE-ACO2-06C1-111357. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 42 BP 11238 EP 11243 DI 10.1021/jp102992b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666HU UT WOS:000283106200028 PM 20504034 ER PT J AU Wang, YL Wang, XB Xing, XP Wei, F Li, J Wang, LS AF Wang, Yi-Lei Wang, Xue-Bin Xing, Xiao-Peng Wei, Fan Li, Jun Wang, Lai-Sheng TI Photoelectron Imaging and Spectroscopy of MI2- (M = Cs, Cu, Au): Evolution from Ionic to Covalent Bonding SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER; PHOTODETACHMENT SPECTRA; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OXIDATION-STATES; GOLD HALIDES; SOLID-STATE; BASIS-SETS; GAS-PHASE; ELEMENTS; BR AB We report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of MI2- (M = Cs, Cu, Ag, Au) to explore the chemical bonding in the group IA and IB diiodide complexes. Both photoelectron imaging and low-temperature photoelectron spectroscopy are applied to MI2- (M = Cs, Cu, Au), yielding vibrationally resolved spectra for CuI2- and AuI2- and accurate electron affinities, 4.52 +/- 0.02, 4.256 +/- 0.010, and 4.226 +/- 0.010 eV for CsI2, CuI2, and AuI2, respectively. Spin-orbit coupling is found to be important in all the diiodide complexes and ab initio calculations including spin-orbit effects allow quantitative assignments of the observed photoelectron spectra. A variety of chemical bonding analyses (charge population, bond order, and electron localization functions) have been carried out, revealing a gradual transition from the expected ionic behavior in CsI2- to relatively strong covalent bonding in AuI2-. Both relativistic effects and electron correlation are shown to enhance the covalency in the gold diiodide complex. C1 [Wang, Yi-Lei; Wei, Fan; Li, Jun] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Yi-Lei; Wei, Fan; Li, Jun] Tsinghua Univ, Key Lab Organ Optoelect & Mol Engn, Minist Educ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xue-Bin; Xing, Xiao-Peng] Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Wang, Xue-Bin; Xing, Xiao-Peng] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Wang, Lai-Sheng] Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM junli@tsinghua.edu.cn; Lai-Sheng_Wang@brown.edu RI Li, Jun/E-5334-2011 OI Li, Jun/0000-0002-8456-3980 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1036387]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences; NKBRSF [2006CB932305, 2007CB815200]; NSFC in China [20933003] FX The experimental work was supported by the National Science Foundation (CHE-1036387) and by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences, and partly performed at the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated for the DOE by Battelle. The theoretical work was supported by NKBRSF (2006CB932305, 2007CB815200) and NSFC (20933003) in China. The calculations were performed using the DeepComp 7000 Supercomputer at the Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shanghai Supercomputing Center. NR 57 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 42 BP 11244 EP 11251 DI 10.1021/jp103173d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 666HU UT WOS:000283106200029 PM 20459148 ER PT J AU Polemi, A Wells, SM Lavrik, NV Sepaniak, MJ Shuford, KL AF Polemi, Alessia Wells, Sabrina M. Lavrik, Nickolay V. Sepaniak, Michael J. Shuford, Kevin L. TI Local Field Enhancement of Pillar Nanosurfaces for SERS SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; SURFACE; SPECTROSCOPY; MODES AB We present studies on the analysis and characterization of a unique nanosurface used for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. The optical properties of a nanostructure composed of dielectric pillars that support plasmonic nanoparticles have been investigated. A theoretical analysis has been performed to determine the structural properties that localize the electric field around the silver disk. We define an enhancement factor in terms of the local field integrated over the nanoparticle surface and find that this figure of merit varies considerably depending upon the pillar attributes. An analytic model is presented and validated via full wave analysis, which elucidates the optical effects occurring in the nanostructure. Starting from the basic phenomenology associated with a single pillar structure, we show that several different effects combine to create a global resonance. C1 [Polemi, Alessia; Shuford, Kevin L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Polemi, Alessia] Univ Modena, Dept Informat Engn, I-41100 Modena, Italy. [Wells, Sabrina M.; Sepaniak, Michael J.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Lavrik, Nickolay V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shuford, KL (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM shuford@drexel.edu RI Shuford, Kevin/L-2435-2014; Lavrik, Nickolay/B-5268-2011; OI Lavrik, Nickolay/0000-0002-9543-5634; POLEMI, Alessia/0000-0002-3620-6073 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy; Drexel University FX A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. KLS thanks Drexel University for start-up funding. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 114 IS 42 BP 18096 EP 18102 DI 10.1021/jp106540q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 666JJ UT WOS:000283110700012 ER PT J AU Wu, Y Wang, JG Krstic, PS Janev, RK AF Wu, Y. Wang, J. G. Krstic, P. S. Janev, R. K. TI Oscillation structures in elastic and electron capture cross sections for H+-H collisions in Debye plasmas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CI CALCULATIONS; DENSE-PLASMAS; ENERGY EXTRAPOLATION; COUPLED PLASMAS; HYDROGENIC IONS; PROBABILITIES; IONIZATION; STATES AB We find that the number of vibrational states in the ground potential of a H-2(+) molecular ion embedded in the Debye plasma and the number of Regge oscillations in the resonant charge transfer cross section of the H++H collision system in the plasma are quasi-conserved when the Debye radius D is larger than 1.4a(0). The elastic and resonant charge transfer processes in the H++H collision have been studied in the 0.1 meV-100 eV collision energy range for a wide range of Debye radii using a highly accurate calculation based on the modified ab initio multireference configuration interaction code. Remarkable plasma screening effects have been found in both the molecular structure and the collision dynamics of this system. Shape resonances, Regge and glory oscillations have been found in the integral cross sections in the considered energy range even for strong interaction screening, showing their ubiquitous nature. C1 [Wu, Y.; Wang, J. G.] Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. [Krstic, P. S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Janev, R. K.] Macedonian Acad Sci & Arts, Skopje 1000, Macedonia. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, POB 8009, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. EM krsticp@ornl.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10604011, 10734140, 10979007]; National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics Foundation [9140C6904030808]; US DOE, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences FX One of us (RKJ) thanks Professor S Abdullaev for several useful discussions on the invariance of the number of bound states in the Sigmag (D) potentials. This work was partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos 10604011, 10734140 and 10979007) and the National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics Foundation (no 9140C6904030808). PSK acknowledges support from the US DOE, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 43 IS 20 AR 201003 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/43/20/201003 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 658VF UT WOS:000282516800003 ER PT J AU Hong, H Upton, M Said, AH Lee, HS Jang, DJ Lee, SI Xu, R Chiang, TC AF Hong, Hawoong Upton, Mary Said, Ayman H. Lee, Hyun-Sook Jang, Dong-Jin Lee, Sung-Ik Xu, Ruqing Chiang, T. -C. TI Phonon dispersions and anomalies of MgCNi3 single-crystal superconductors determined by inelastic x-ray scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The intermetallic perovskite MgCNi3 superconducts at similar to 8 K despite its high Ni content; the underlying mechanism is thought to be pairing via phonons. Prior theoretical calculations of the phonon-dispersion relations showed soft modes, anomalies, and regions of imaginary frequencies possibly relevant to the superconducting transition, but there are large discrepancies among the calculations. To clarify this issue, we have performed inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the phonon-dispersion relations. The results confirm soft longitudinal acoustic modes near (0, 1/2, 1/2) and (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) but disprove a pronounced transverse acoustic anomaly near (1/4, 1/4, 1/4). C1 [Hong, Hawoong; Upton, Mary; Said, Ayman H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Sook; Jang, Dong-Jin] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Lee, Sung-Ik] Sogang Univ, Dept Phys, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Superconduct, Seoul, South Korea. [Xu, Ruqing; Chiang, T. -C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Xu, Ruqing; Chiang, T. -C.] Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hong, H (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM hhong@aps.anl.gov RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011; Xu, Ruqing/K-3586-2012; Jang, Dongjin/A-8148-2016 OI Xu, Ruqing/0000-0003-1037-0059; Jang, Dongjin/0000-0003-3875-7802 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-07ER46383]; NSF [DMR-0115852] FX We acknowledge helpful discussion with Ahmet Alatas and M.-Y Chou and wish to thank H. M. Tutuncu for providing the theoretical phonon-dispersion relations reproduced in our Fig. 2. This work and use of the Advanced Photon Source is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46383 (T.-C.C.). The construction of HERIX was partially supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0115852. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 134535 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134535 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672HL UT WOS:000283573500007 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, J Siemons, W Oh, DW Kardel, JT Chari, A Heijmerikx, H Scullin, ML Majumdar, A Ramesh, R Cahill, DG AF Ravichandran, J. Siemons, W. Oh, D. -W. Kardel, J. T. Chari, A. Heijmerikx, H. Scullin, M. L. Majumdar, A. Ramesh, R. Cahill, D. G. TI High-temperature thermoelectric response of double-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; POWER AB SrTiO3 is a promising n-type oxide semiconductor for thermoelectric energy conversion. Epitaxial thin films of SrTiO3 doped with both La and oxygen vacancies have been synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. The thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties of these films have been characterized at temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 K and are typical of a doped semiconductor. Thermopower values of double-doped films are comparable to previous studies of La-doped single crystals at similar carrier concentrations. The highest thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) was measured to be 0.28 at 873 K at a carrier concentration of 2.5 x 10(21) cm(-3). C1 [Ravichandran, J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ravichandran, J.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mat Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Siemons, W.; Heijmerikx, H.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Oh, D. -W.; Cahill, D. G.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Kardel, J. T.; Chari, A.; Scullin, M. L.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Majumdar, A.] US DOE, ARPA E, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Ravichandran, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jayakanth@berkeley.edu RI Siemons, Wolter/B-3808-2011; Ravichandran, Jayakanth/H-6329-2011; Cahill, David/B-3495-2014 OI Ravichandran, Jayakanth/0000-0001-5030-9143; FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46459]; Link Foundation FX The research at Berkeley was supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The research at Illinois was supported by a DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46459. J.R. acknowledges the support from the Link Foundation. W.S. acknowledges the Netherlands organization of scientific research (NWO). The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Kin Man Yu in the RBS measurements, Yee Kan Koh in thermal-conductivity measurements, Martin Gajek in Hall measurements and discussions with Subroto Mukerjee and Jay Sau. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 16 AR 165126 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.165126 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672JC UT WOS:000283578100003 ER PT J AU She, JH Zaanen, J Bishop, AR Balatsky, AV AF She, Jian-Huang Zaanen, Jan Bishop, Alan R. Balatsky, Alexander V. TI Stability of quantum critical points in the presence of competing orders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; FERMION SYSTEMS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SR3RU2O7; ELECTRON; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; CERH2SI2; DIAGRAM AB We investigate the stability of quantum critical points (QCPs) in the presence of two competing phases. These phases near QCPs are assumed to be either classical or quantum and assumed to repulsively interact via square-square interactions. We find that for any dynamical exponents and for any dimensionality strong enough interaction renders QCPs unstable and drives transitions to become first order. We propose that this instability and the onset of first-order transitions lead to spatially inhomogeneous states in practical materials near putative QCPs. Our analysis also leads us to suggest that there is a breakdown of conformal field theory scaling in the Anti de Sitter models, and in fact these models contain first-order transitions in the strong-coupling limit. C1 [She, Jian-Huang; Bishop, Alan R.; Balatsky, Alexander V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [She, Jian-Huang; Zaanen, Jan] Leiden Univ, Inst Lorentz Theoret Phys, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP She, JH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theory, MS B 262, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI She, Jian-Huang/B-1683-2013 FU U.S. DOE; BES; LDRD; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) FX We are grateful to G. Aeppli, E. D. Bauer, Y. Dubi, P. Littlewood, F. Ronning, T. Rosenbaum, and P. Wolfle for stimulating discussions over the years about stability of QCPs. J.-H.S. and J.Z. thank K. Schalm and V. Juricic for helpful discussions on AdS/CFT correspondence and the RG results. This work was supported by U.S. DOE, BES and LDRD. J.-H.S. and J.Z. are supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) via a Spinoza grant. NR 106 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 16 AR 165128 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.165128 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672JC UT WOS:000283578100005 ER PT J AU Xu, ZJ Wen, JS Xu, GY Stock, C Gardner, JS Gehring, PM AF Xu, Zhijun Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Stock, C. Gardner, J. S. Gehring, P. M. TI Two-component model of the neutron diffuse scattering in the relaxor ferroelectric PZN-4.5% PT SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3; SYSTEM AB We report measurements of the neutron diffuse scattering in a single crystal of the relaxor ferroelectric material 95.5% Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-4.5% PbTiO3. Our results suggest that the nanometer scale structure in this compound exhibits both < 100 > and < 110 > polarizations, which contribute to different portions of the total diffuse scattering intensity. These contributions can be distinguished by the differing responses to an electric field applied along [001]. While diffuse scattering intensities associated with < 110 > (T2-type) polarizations show little to no change in a [001] field, those associated with < 100 > (T1-type) polarizations are partially suppressed by the field at temperatures below the Curie temperature T-C similar to 475 K. Neutron spin-echo measurements show that the diffuse scattering at (0.05,0,1) is largely dynamic at high temperature and gradually freezes on cooling, becoming mostly static at 200 K. C1 [Xu, Zhijun; Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Xu, Zhijun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stock, C.; Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.; Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, ZJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013; OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) FX We wish to thank W. Ratcliff, S. M. Shapiro, and S. B. Vakhrushev for useful discussions. Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886 and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is also gratefully acknowledged. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 134124 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134124 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 672HL UT WOS:000283573500004 ER PT J AU Holt, RJ Roberts, CD AF Holt, Roy J. Roberts, Craig D. TI Nucleon and pion distribution functions in the valence region SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DRELL-YAN PROCESS; DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; LEPTON-PAIR PRODUCTION; LIGHT-QUARK SEA; ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; HIGH STATISTICS MEASUREMENT AB An experimental and theoretical perspective is provided on the behavior of unpolarized distribution functions for the nucleon and pion on the valence-quark domain, namely, Bjorken x greater than or similar to 0.4. This domain is a key to much of hadron physics; e. g., a hadron is defined by its flavor content and that is a valence-quark property. Furthermore, its accurate parametrization is crucial to the provision of reliable input for large collider experiments. The focus is on experimental extractions of distribution functions via electron and muon inelastic scattering, and from Drell-Yan interactions; and on theoretical treatments that emphasize an explanation of the distribution functions, providing an overview of major contemporary approaches and issues. Valence-quark physics is a compelling subject, which probes at the heart of our understanding of the standard model. There are numerous outstanding and unresolved challenges, which experiment and theory must confront. In connection with experiment, an explanation that an upgraded Jefferson Laboratory facility is well suited to provide new data on the nucleon is provided, while a future electron-ion collider could provide essential new data for the mesons. There is also great potential in using Drell-Yan interactions, at FNAL, CERN, J-PARC, and GSI, to push into the large-x domain for both mesons and nucleons. Furthermore, it is argued that explanation, in contrast to modeling and parametrization, requires a widespread acceptance of the need to adapt theory: to the lessons learnt already from the methods of nonperturbative quantum-field theory and a fuller exploitation of those methods. C1 [Holt, Roy J.; Roberts, Craig D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Roberts, Craig D.] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Holt, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM holt@anl.gov; cdroberts@anl.gov RI Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011; OI Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 FU Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX In preparing this paper we benefited greatly from constructive comments and input provided by J. Arrington, S. J. Brodsky, S. Capstick, I. C. Cloet, F. Coester, D. F. Geesaman, S. E. Kuhlmann, A. D. Martin, W. Melnitchouk, J.-C. Peng, P. E. Reimer, P. C. Tandy, R. D. Young, and J. M. Zanotti. This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 348 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 BP 2991 EP 3044 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.2991 PG 54 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 672KD UT WOS:000283580800001 ER PT J AU Uhoya, W Stemshorn, A Tsoi, G Vohra, YK Sefat, AS Sales, BC Hope, KM Weir, ST AF Uhoya, Walter Stemshorn, Andrew Tsoi, Georgiy Vohra, Yogesh K. Sefat, Athena S. Sales, Brian C. Hope, Kevin M. Weir, Samuel T. TI Collapsed tetragonal phase and superconductivity of BaFe2As2 under high pressure SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB High pressure x-ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements have been carried out on BaFe2As2 to a pressure of 35 GPa and temperature of 10 K using a synchrotron source and designer diamond anvils. At ambient temperature, a phase transition from the tetragonal phase to a collapsed tetragonal (CT) phase is observed at 17 GPa under nonhydrostatic conditions as compared to 22 GPa under hydrostatic conditions. The superconducting transition temperature increases rapidly with pressure up to 34 K at 1 GPa and decreases gradually with a further increase in pressure. Our results suggest that TC falls below 10 K in the pressure range of 16-30 GPa, where CT phase is expected to be stable under high-pressure and low-temperature conditions. C1 [Uhoya, Walter; Stemshorn, Andrew; Tsoi, Georgiy; Vohra, Yogesh K.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Sefat, Athena S.; Sales, Brian C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hope, Kevin M.] Univ Montevallo, Dept Biol Chem & Math, Montevallo, AL 35115 USA. [Weir, Samuel T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Uhoya, W (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012; Uhoya, Walter/D-5476-2014; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI Uhoya, Walter/0000-0002-3197-7629; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU Carnegie/Department of Energy (DOE) Alliance Center (CDAC) [DE-FC52-08NA28554]; Department of Education [P200A090143]; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Walter Uhoya acknowledges support from the Carnegie/Department of Energy (DOE) Alliance Center (CDAC) under Grant No. DE-FC52-08NA28554. Andrew Stemshorn acknowledges support from the Department of Education under Grant No. P200A090143. Research at ORNL is sponsored by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We greatly acknowledge discussions with Michael A. McGuire, and David Mandrus at ORNL. Portions of this work were performed at HPCAT (Sector 16), Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144118 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144118 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 778EC UT WOS:000291682400001 ER PT J AU Bishop, M Uhoya, W Tsoi, G Vohra, YK Sefat, AS Sales, BC AF Bishop, Matthew Uhoya, Walter Tsoi, Georgiy Vohra, Yogesh K. Sefat, Athena S. Sales, Brian C. TI Formation of collapsed tetragonal phase in EuCo2As2 under high pressure SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID THCR2SI2-TYPE STRUCTURE; TRANSITIONS; METAL AB The structural properties of EuCo2As2 have been studied up to 35 GPa, through the use of x-ray diffraction in a diamond anvil cell at a synchrotron source. At ambient conditions, EuCo2As2 (I4/mmm) has a tetragonal lattice structure with a bulk modulus of 48 +/- 4 GPa. With the application of pressure, the a axis exhibits negative compressibility with a concurrent sharp decrease in c-axis length. The anomalous compressibility of the a axis continues until 4.7 GPa, at which point the structure undergoes a second-order phase transition to a collapsed tetragonal (CT) state with a bulk modulus of 111 +/- 2 GPa. We found a strong correlation between the ambient pressure volume of 122 parents of superconductors and the corresponding tetragonal to collapsed tetragonal phase transition pressures. C1 [Bishop, Matthew] Univ W Georgia, Dept Phys, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. [Uhoya, Walter; Tsoi, Georgiy; Vohra, Yogesh K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Sefat, Athena S.; Sales, Brian C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bishop, M (reprint author), Univ W Georgia, Dept Phys, Carrollton, GA 30118 USA. RI Uhoya, Walter/D-5476-2014; Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI Uhoya, Walter/0000-0002-3197-7629; Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF-DMR-06446842]; Carnegie/Department of Energy (DOE) Alliance Center (CDAC) [DE-FC52-08NA28554]; Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX MB acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)-site under grant no. NSF-DMR-06446842. WU acknowledges support from the Carnegie/Department of Energy (DOE) Alliance Center (CDAC) under grant no. DE-FC52-08NA28554 Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is sponsored by the Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. Discussions with M A McGuire are appreciated. The synchrotron facility used was Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source (APS): HPCAT (Sector 16). NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 16 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 42 AR 425701 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/22/42/425701 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 660LX UT WOS:000282645600011 PM 21403314 ER PT J AU Biswas, K Zhang, QC Chung, I Song, JH Androulakis, J Freeman, AJ Kanatzidis, MG AF Biswas, Kanishka Zhang, Qichun Chung, In Song, Jung-Hwan Androulakis, John Freeman, Arthur J. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI Synthesis in Ionic Liquids: [Bi2Te2Br](AlCl4), a Direct Gap Semiconductor with a Cationic Framework SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IONOTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; METAL NANOPARTICLES; = K; CHALCOGENIDES; NANORODS; RB; CS; CHEMISTRY; FLUXES; SE AB The Lewis acidic ionic liquid EMIMBr-AlCl3 (EMIM = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) allows a novel synthetic route to the semiconducting layered metal chalcogenides halide [Bi2Te2Br](AlCl4) and its Sb analogue. [Bi2Te2Br](AlCl4) is a direct band gap, strongly anisotropic semiconductor and consists of cationic infinite layers of [Bi2Te2Br](+) and [AlCl4](-) anions inserted between the layers. C1 [Biswas, Kanishka; Zhang, Qichun; Chung, In; Androulakis, John; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Song, Jung-Hwan; Freeman, Arthur J.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu RI zhang, qichun/A-2253-2011; Chung, In/K-5036-2012 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0801855] FX Financial support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-0801855) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 35 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 42 BP 14760 EP 14762 DI 10.1021/ja107483g PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 670EE UT WOS:000283403200024 PM 20919739 ER PT J AU Bag, S Kanatzidis, MG AF Bag, Santanu Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. TI Chalcogels: Porous Metal-Chalcogenide Networks from Main-Group Metal Ions. Effect of Surface Polarizability on Selectivity in Gas Separation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MESOSTRUCTURED SEMICONDUCTORS; GERMANIUM SULFIDE; HYDROGEN PURIFICATION; PORE ORGANIZATION; HEXAGONAL ORDER; AEROGELS; CLUSTERS; FRAMEWORKS; MEMBRANES AB We report the synthesis of metal-chalcogenide gels and aerogels from anionic chalcogenide clusters and linking metal ions. Metal ions such as Sb(3+) and Sn(2+), respectively chelated with tartrate and acetate ligands, react in solution with the chalcogenide clusters to form extended polymeric networks that exhibit gelation phenomena. Chalcogenide cluster anions with different charge densities, such as [Sn(2)S(6)](4-) and [SnS(4)](4-), were employed. In situ rheological measurements during gelation showed that a higher charge density on the chalcogenide cluster favors formation of a rigid gel network. Aerogels obtained from the gels after supercritical drying have BET surface areas from 114 to 368 m(2)/g. Electron microscopy images coupled with nitrogen adsorption measurements showed the pores are micro (below 2 nm), meso (2-50 nm), and macro (above 50 nm) regions. These chalcogels possess band gaps in the range of 1.00-2.00 eV and selectively adsorb polarizable gases. A 2-fold increase in selectivity toward CO(2)/C(2)H(6) over H(2) was observed for the Pt/Sb/Ge(4)Se(10)-containing aerogel compared to aerogel containing Pt(2)Ge(4)S(10). The experimental results suggest that high selectivity in gas adsorption is achievable with high-surface-area chalcogenide materials containing heavy polarizable elements. C1 [Bag, Santanu; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Kanatzidis, Mercouri G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kanatzidis, MG (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM m-kanatzidis@northwestern.edu FU Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation [EEC-0647560] FX These studies were supported primarily by the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Initiative of the National Science Foundation under NSF Award Number EEC-0647560. We are also thankful to Dr. Peter J. Chupas at Argonne National Laboratory for collection of PDF data. We acknowledge Saswati Pujari and Prof. Wesley R. Burghardt of the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering at Northwestern University for help with the rheological measurements. ICP-AES measurements were performed using Analytical Service Laboratory facilities at Northwestern University. Electron microscopy images were taken using the facilities of the NUANCE at Northwestern. NR 57 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 8 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 132 IS 42 BP 14951 EP 14959 DI 10.1021/ja1059284 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 670EE UT WOS:000283403200044 PM 20925321 ER PT J AU Carpenter, MA Howard, CJ McKnight, REA Migliori, A Betts, JB Fanelli, VR AF Carpenter, Michael A. Howard, Christopher J. McKnight, Ruth E. A. Migliori, Albert Betts, Jon B. Fanelli, Victor R. TI Elastic and anelastic relaxations associated with the incommensurate structure of Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-ORDERED STATE; STRAIN/ORDER-PARAMETER RELATIONSHIPS; DYNAMICAL MECHANICAL ANALYSIS; JAHN-TELLER TRANSITIONS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; INTERNAL-FRICTION; DOMAIN-WALLS; COLOSSAL MAGNETORESISTANCE; TRANSFORMATION TWINS AB The elastic and anelastic properties of a polycrystalline sample of Pr0.48Ca0.52MnO3 have been investigated by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, as a function of temperature (10-1130 K) and magnetic field strength (0-15 T). Marked softening of the shear modulus as the Pnma <-> incommensurate phase transition at similar to 235 K in zero field is approached from either side is consistent with pseudoproper ferroelastic character, driven by an order parameter with Gamma(+)(3) symmetry associated with Jahn-Teller ordering. This is accompanied by an increase in attenuation just below the transition point. The attenuation remains relatively high down to similar to 80 K, where there is a distinct Debye peak. It is attributed to coupling of shear strain with the Gamma(+)(3) order parameter which, in turn, controls the repeat distance of the incommensurate structure. Kinetic data extracted from the Debye peak suggest that the rate-controlling process could be related to migration of polarons. Elastic softening and stiffening as a function of magnetic field at constant temperatures between 177 and similar to 225 K closely resembles the behavior as a function of temperature at 0, 5, and 10 T and is consistent with thermodynamically continuous behavior for the phase transition in both cases. This overall pattern can be rationalized in terms of linear/quadratic coupling between the Gamma(+)(3) order parameter and an order parameter with Sigma(1) or Sigma(2) symmetry. It is also consistent with a dominant role for spontaneous strains in determining the strength of coupling, evolution of the incommensurate microstructure, and equilibrium evolution of the Jahn-Teller ordered structure through multicomponent order-parameter space. C1 [Carpenter, Michael A.; Howard, Christopher J.; McKnight, Ruth E. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Migliori, Albert; Betts, Jon B.; Fanelli, Victor R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carpenter, MA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. RI Howard, Christopher/B-5138-2009; Fanelli, Victor/A-4375-2015; Carpenter, Michael/D-4860-2015 FU Natural Environment Research Council of Great Britain [NE/B505738/1]; National Science Foundation; State of Florida; U.S. Department of Energy FX The RUS facilities in Cambridge were established through a grant from the Natural Environment Research Council of Great Britain (Grant No. NE/B505738/1 to M.A.C.). Neil Mathur and Casey Israel are thanked for introducing M. A. C. to manganites. Work at NHMFL-PFF, Los Alamos was performed under the auspices of the National Science Foundation, the State of Florida, and U.S. Department of Energy. NR 129 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 13 AR 134123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.134123 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671UL UT WOS:000283536800002 ER PT J AU Abazov, VM Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adams, M Adams, T Alexeev, GD Alkhazov, G Alton, A Alverson, G Alves, GA Ancu, LS Aoki, M Arnoud, Y Arov, M Askew, A Asman, B Atramentov, O Avila, C BackusMayes, J Badaud, F Bagby, L Baldin, B Bandurin, DV Banerjee, S Barberis, E Baringer, P Barreto, J Bartlett, JF Bassler, U Bazterra, V Beale, S Bean, A Begalli, M Begel, M Belanger-Champagne, C Bellantoni, L Beri, SB Bernardi, G Bernhard, R Bertram, I Besancon, M Beuselinck, R Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, K Boehnlein, A Boline, D Bolton, TA Boos, EE Borissov, G Bose, T Brandt, A Brandt, O Brock, R Brooijmans, G Bross, A Brown, D Brown, J Bu, XB Buchholz, D Buehler, M Buescher, V Bunichev, V Burdin, S Burnett, TH Buszello, CP Calpas, B Camacho-Perez, E Carrasco-Lizarraga, MA Casey, BCK Castilla-Valdez, H Chakrabarti, S Chakraborty, D Chan, KM Chandra, A Chen, G Chevalier-Thery, S Cho, DK Cho, SW Choi, S Choudhary, B Christoudias, T Cihangir, S Claes, D Clutter, J Cooke, M Cooper, WE Corcoran, M Couderc, F Cousinou, MC Croc, A Cutts, D Cwiok, M Das, A Davies, G De, K De Jong, SJ De La Cruz-Burelo, E Deliot, F Demarteau, M Demina, R Denisov, D Denisov, SP Desai, S DeVaughan, K Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Dominguez, A Dorland, T Dubey, A Dudko, LV Duggan, D Duperrin, A Dutt, S Dyshkant, A Eads, M Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Enari, Y Eno, S Evans, H Evdokimov, A Evdokimov, VN Facini, G Ferbel, T Fiedler, F Filthaut, F Fisher, W Fisk, HE Fortner, M Fox, H Fuess, S Gadfort, T Garcia-Bellido, A Gavrilov, V Gay, P Geist, W Geng, W Gerbaudo, D Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Ginther, G Golovanov, G Goussiou, A Grannis, PD Greder, S Greenlee, H Greenwood, ZD Gregores, EM Grenier, G Gris, P Grivaz, JF Grohsjean, A Grunendahl, S Grunewald, MW Guo, F Guo, J Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Haas, A Hagopian, S Haley, J Han, L Harder, K Harel, A Hauptman, JM Hays, J Head, T Hebbeker, T Hedin, D Hegab, H Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hensel, C Heredia-De La Cruz, I Herner, K Hesketh, G Hildreth, MD Hirosky, R Hoang, T Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hohlfeld, M Hossain, S Hubacek, Z Huske, N Hynek, V Iashvili, I Illingworth, R Ito, AS Jabeen, S Jaffre, M Jain, S Jamin, D Jesik, R Johns, K Johnson, M Johnston, D Jonckheere, A Jonsson, P Joshi, J Juste, A Kaadze, K Kajfasz, E Karmanov, D Kasper, PA Katsanos, I Kehoe, R Kermiche, S Khalatyan, N Khanov, A Kharchilava, A Kharzheev, YN Khatidze, D Kirby, MH Kohli, JM Kozelov, AV Kraus, J Kumar, A Kupco, A Kurca, T Kuzmin, VA Kvita, J Lammers, S Landsberg, G Lebrun, P Lee, HS Lee, SW Lee, WM Lellouch, J Li, L Li, QZ Lietti, SM Lim, JK Lincoln, D Linnemann, J Lipaev, VV Lipton, R Liu, Y Liu, Z Lobodenko, A Lokajicek, M Love, P Lubatti, HJ Luna-Garcia, R Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Mackin, D Madar, R Magana-Villalba, R Malik, S Malyshev, VL Maravin, Y Martinez-Ortega, J McCarthy, R McGivern, CL Meijer, MM Melnitchouk, A Menezes, D Mercadante, PG Merkin, M Meyer, A Meyer, J Mondal, NK Muanza, GS Mulhearn, M Nagy, E Naimuddin, M Narain, M Nayyar, R Neal, HA Negret, JP Neustroev, P Novaes, SF Nunnemann, T Obrant, G Orduna, J Osman, N Osta, J Garzon, GJOY Owen, M Padilla, M Pangilinan, M Parashar, N Parihar, V Park, SK Parsons, J Partridge, R Parua, N Patwa, A Penning, B Perfilov, M Peters, K Peters, Y Petrillo, G Petroff, P Piegaia, R Piper, J Pleier, MA Podesta-Lerma, PLM Podstavkov, VM Pol, ME Polozov, P Popov, AV Prewitt, M Price, D Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quadt, A Quinn, B Rangel, MS Ranjan, K Ratoff, PN Razumov, I Renkel, P Rich, P Rijssenbeek, M Ripp-Baudot, I Rizatdinova, F Rominsky, M Royon, C Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Safronov, G Sajot, G Sanchez-Hernandez, A Sanders, MP Sanghi, B Santos, AS Savage, G Sawyer, L Scanlon, T Schamberger, RD Scheglov, Y Schellman, H Schliephake, T Schlobohm, S Schwanenberger, C Schwienhorst, R Sekaric, J Severini, H Shabalina, E Shary, V Shchukin, AA Shivpuri, RK Simak, V Sirotenko, V Skubic, P Slattery, P Smirnov, D Smith, KJ Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Soldner-Rembold, S Sonnenschein, L Sopczak, A Sosebee, M Soustruznik, K Spurlock, B Stark, J Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, E Strauss, M Strom, D Stutte, L Svoisky, P Takahashi, M Tanasijczuk, A Taylor, W Titov, M Tokmenin, VV Tsybychev, D Tuchming, B Tully, C Tuts, PM Uvarov, L Uvarov, S Uzunyan, S Van Kooten, R Van Leeuwen, WM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vasilyev, IA Verdier, P Vertogradov, LS Verzocchi, M Vesterinen, M Vilanova, D Vint, P Vokac, P Wahl, HD Wang, MHLS Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weber, M Welty-Rieger, L Wetstein, M White, A Wicke, D Williams, MRJ Wilson, GW Wimpenny, SJ Wobisch, M Wood, DR Wyatt, TR Xie, Y Xu, C Yacoob, S Yamada, R Yang, WC Yasuda, T Yatsunenko, YA Ye, Z Yin, H Yip, K Yoo, HD Youn, SW Yu, J Zelitch, S Zhao, T Zhou, B Zhu, J Zielinski, M Zieminska, D Zivkovic, L AF Abazov, V. M. Abbott, B. Abolins, M. Acharya, B. S. Adams, M. Adams, T. Alexeev, G. D. Alkhazov, G. Alton, A. Alverson, G. Alves, G. A. Ancu, L. S. Aoki, M. Arnoud, Y. Arov, M. Askew, A. Asman, B. Atramentov, O. Avila, C. BackusMayes, J. Badaud, F. Bagby, L. Baldin, B. Bandurin, D. V. Banerjee, S. Barberis, E. Baringer, P. Barreto, J. Bartlett, J. F. Bassler, U. Bazterra, V. Beale, S. Bean, A. Begalli, M. Begel, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bellantoni, L. Beri, S. B. Bernardi, G. Bernhard, R. Bertram, I. Besancon, M. Beuselinck, R. Bezzubov, V. A. Bhat, P. C. Bhatnagar, V. Blazey, G. Blessing, S. Bloom, K. Boehnlein, A. Boline, D. Bolton, T. A. Boos, E. E. Borissov, G. Bose, T. Brandt, A. Brandt, O. Brock, R. Brooijmans, G. Bross, A. Brown, D. Brown, J. Bu, X. B. Buchholz, D. Buehler, M. Buescher, V. Bunichev, V. Burdin, S. Burnett, T. H. Buszello, C. P. Calpas, B. Camacho-Perez, E. Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A. Casey, B. C. K. Castilla-Valdez, H. Chakrabarti, S. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. M. Chandra, A. Chen, G. Chevalier-Thery, S. Cho, D. K. Cho, S. W. Choi, S. Choudhary, B. Christoudias, T. Cihangir, S. Claes, D. Clutter, J. Cooke, M. Cooper, W. E. Corcoran, M. Couderc, F. Cousinou, M. -C. Croc, A. Cutts, D. Cwiok, M. Das, A. Davies, G. De, K. De Jong, S. J. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Deliot, F. Demarteau, M. Demina, R. Denisov, D. Denisov, S. P. Desai, S. DeVaughan, K. Diehl, H. T. Diesburg, M. Dominguez, A. Dorland, T. Dubey, A. Dudko, L. V. Duggan, D. Duperrin, A. Dutt, S. Dyshkant, A. Eads, M. Edmunds, D. Ellison, J. Elvira, V. D. Enari, Y. Eno, S. Evans, H. Evdokimov, A. Evdokimov, V. N. Facini, G. Ferbel, T. Fiedler, F. Filthaut, F. Fisher, W. Fisk, H. E. Fortner, M. Fox, H. Fuess, S. Gadfort, T. Garcia-Bellido, A. Gavrilov, V. Gay, P. Geist, W. Geng, W. Gerbaudo, D. Gerber, C. E. Gershtein, Y. Ginther, G. Golovanov, G. Goussiou, A. Grannis, P. D. Greder, S. Greenlee, H. Greenwood, Z. D. Gregores, E. M. Grenier, G. Gris, Ph. Grivaz, J. -F. Grohsjean, A. Gruenendahl, S. Gruenewald, M. W. Guo, F. Guo, J. Gutierrez, G. Gutierrez, P. Haas, A. Hagopian, S. Haley, J. Han, L. Harder, K. Harel, A. Hauptman, J. M. Hays, J. Head, T. Hebbeker, T. Hedin, D. Hegab, H. Heinson, A. P. Heintz, U. Hensel, C. Heredia-De La Cruz, I. Herner, K. Hesketh, G. Hildreth, M. D. Hirosky, R. Hoang, T. Hobbs, J. D. Hoeneisen, B. Hohlfeld, M. Hossain, S. Hubacek, Z. Huske, N. Hynek, V. Iashvili, I. Illingworth, R. Ito, A. S. Jabeen, S. Jaffre, M. Jain, S. Jamin, D. Jesik, R. Johns, K. Johnson, M. Johnston, D. Jonckheere, A. Jonsson, P. Joshi, J. Juste, A. Kaadze, K. Kajfasz, E. Karmanov, D. Kasper, P. A. Katsanos, I. Kehoe, R. Kermiche, S. Khalatyan, N. Khanov, A. Kharchilava, A. Kharzheev, Y. N. Khatidze, D. Kirby, M. H. Kohli, J. M. Kozelov, A. V. Kraus, J. Kumar, A. Kupco, A. Kurca, T. Kuzmin, V. A. Kvita, J. Lammers, S. Landsberg, G. Lebrun, P. Lee, H. S. Lee, S. W. Lee, W. M. Lellouch, J. Li, L. Li, Q. Z. Lietti, S. M. Lim, J. K. Lincoln, D. Linnemann, J. Lipaev, V. V. Lipton, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Lobodenko, A. Lokajicek, M. Love, P. Lubatti, H. J. Luna-Garcia, R. Lyon, A. L. Maciel, A. K. A. Mackin, D. Madar, R. Magana-Villalba, R. Malik, S. Malyshev, V. L. Maravin, Y. Martinez-Ortega, J. McCarthy, R. McGivern, C. L. Meijer, M. M. Melnitchouk, A. Menezes, D. Mercadante, P. G. Merkin, M. Meyer, A. Meyer, J. Mondal, N. K. Muanza, G. S. Mulhearn, M. Nagy, E. Naimuddin, M. Narain, M. Nayyar, R. Neal, H. A. Negret, J. P. Neustroev, P. Novaes, S. F. Nunnemann, T. Obrant, G. Orduna, J. Osman, N. Osta, J. Otero y Garzon, G. J. Owen, M. Padilla, M. Pangilinan, M. Parashar, N. Parihar, V. Park, S. K. Parsons, J. Partridge, R. Parua, N. Patwa, A. Penning, B. Perfilov, M. Peters, K. Peters, Y. Petrillo, G. Petroff, P. Piegaia, R. Piper, J. Pleier, M. -A. Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M. Podstavkov, V. M. Pol, M. -E. Polozov, P. Popov, A. V. Prewitt, M. Price, D. Protopopescu, S. Qian, J. Quadt, A. Quinn, B. Rangel, M. S. Ranjan, K. Ratoff, P. N. Razumov, I. Renkel, P. Rich, P. Rijssenbeek, M. Ripp-Baudot, I. Rizatdinova, F. Rominsky, M. Royon, C. Rubinov, P. Ruchti, R. Safronov, G. Sajot, G. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Sanders, M. P. Sanghi, B. Santos, A. S. Savage, G. Sawyer, L. Scanlon, T. Schamberger, R. D. Scheglov, Y. Schellman, H. Schliephake, T. Schlobohm, S. Schwanenberger, C. Schwienhorst, R. Sekaric, J. Severini, H. Shabalina, E. Shary, V. Shchukin, A. A. Shivpuri, R. K. Simak, V. Sirotenko, V. Skubic, P. Slattery, P. Smirnov, D. Smith, K. J. Snow, G. R. Snow, J. Snyder, S. Soeldner-Rembold, S. Sonnenschein, L. Sopczak, A. Sosebee, M. Soustruznik, K. Spurlock, B. Stark, J. Stolin, V. Stoyanova, D. A. Strauss, E. Strauss, M. Strom, D. Stutte, L. Svoisky, P. Takahashi, M. Tanasijczuk, A. Taylor, W. Titov, M. Tokmenin, V. V. Tsybychev, D. Tuchming, B. Tully, C. Tuts, P. M. Uvarov, L. Uvarov, S. Uzunyan, S. Van Kooten, R. Van Leeuwen, W. M. Varelas, N. Varnes, E. W. Vasilyev, I. A. Verdier, P. Vertogradov, L. S. Verzocchi, M. Vesterinen, M. Vilanova, D. Vint, P. Vokac, P. Wahl, H. D. Wang, M. H. L. S. Warchol, J. Watts, G. Wayne, M. Weber, M. Welty-Rieger, L. Wetstein, M. White, A. Wicke, D. Williams, M. R. J. Wilson, G. W. Wimpenny, S. J. Wobisch, M. Wood, D. R. Wyatt, T. R. Xie, Y. Xu, C. Yacoob, S. Yamada, R. Yang, W. -C. Yasuda, T. Yatsunenko, Y. A. Ye, Z. Yin, H. Yip, K. Yoo, H. D. Youn, S. W. Yu, J. Zelitch, S. Zhao, T. Zhou, B. Zhu, J. Zielinski, M. Zieminska, D. Zivkovic, L. TI Measurement of t(t)over-bar production in the tau plus jets topology using p(p)over-bar collisions root s=1.96 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TOP-QUARK; DECAY; IDENTIFICATION; TEVATRON; PHYSICS AB We present a measurement of the t (t) over bar production cross section multiplied by the branching ratio to tau lepton decaying semihadronically (tau(h)) plus jets, sigma(p (p) over bar -> t (t) over bar + X) center dot BR(t (t) over bar -> tau(h) + jets), at a center of mass energy root s = 1.96 TeV using 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected with the D0 detector. Assuming a top quark mass of 170 GeV, we measure sigma(t (t) over bar) center dot BR tau h (+ j) = 0.60(-0.22)(+0.23)(stat)(-0.14)(+0.15)(syst) +/- 0.04(lumi) pb. In addition, we extract the t (t) over bar production cross section using the t (t) over bar -> tau(h) + jets topology, with the result sigma(t (t) over bar) = 6.9(-1.2)(+1.2)(stat)(-0.7)(+0.8)(syst) +/- 0.4(lumi) pb. 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[Brandt, O.; Hensel, C.; Meyer, J.; Quadt, A.; Shabalina, E.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys 2, Gottingen, Germany. [Buescher, V.; Fiedler, F.; Hohlfeld, M.; Wicke, D.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. [Nunnemann, T.; Sanders, M. P.] Univ Munich, Munich, Germany. [Schliephake, T.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. [Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Dutt, S.; Joshi, J.; Kohli, J. M.] Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. [Choudhary, B.; Dubey, A.; Naimuddin, M.; Nayyar, R.; Ranjan, K.; Shivpuri, R. K.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Acharya, B. S.; Banerjee, S.; Mondal, N. K.] Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, Maharashtra, India. [Cwiok, M.; Gruenewald, M. W.] Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Cho, S. W.; Choi, S.; Lee, H. S.; Lim, J. K.; Park, S. K.] Korea Univ, Korea Detector Lab, Seoul, South Korea. [Camacho-Perez, E.; Carrasco-Lizarraga, M. A.; Castilla-Valdez, H.; De La Cruz-Burelo, E.; Heredia-De La Cruz, I.; Luna-Garcia, R.; Magana-Villalba, R.; Martinez-Ortega, J.; Orduna, J.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Sanchez-Hernandez, A.] CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. [Van Leeuwen, W. M.] NIKHEF, FOM Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Van Leeuwen, W. M.] Univ Amsterdam, NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ancu, L. S.; De Jong, S. J.; Filthaut, F.; Meijer, M. M.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Gavrilov, V.; Polozov, P.; Safronov, G.; Stolin, V.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Boos, E. E.; Bunichev, V.; Dudko, L. V.; Karmanov, D.; Kuzmin, V. A.; Merkin, M.; Perfilov, M.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Bezzubov, V. A.; Denisov, S. P.; Evdokimov, V. N.; Kozelov, A. V.; Lipaev, V. V.; Popov, A. V.; Razumov, I.; Shchukin, A. A.; Stoyanova, D. A.; Vasilyev, I. A.] Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. [Alkhazov, G.; Lobodenko, A.; Neustroev, P.; Obrant, G.; Scheglov, Y.; Uvarov, L.; Uvarov, S.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.] Stockholm Univ, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Asman, B.; Belanger-Champagne, C.] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Bertram, I.; Borissov, G.; Burdin, S.; Fox, H.; Love, P.; Ratoff, P. N.; Sopczak, A.; Williams, M. R. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, England. [Beuselinck, R.; Buszello, C. P.; Christoudias, T.; Davies, G.; Hays, J.; Jesik, R.; Jonsson, P.; Osman, N.; Scanlon, T.; Vint, P.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Harder, K.; Head, T.; Owen, M.; Peters, K.; Peters, Y.; Rich, P.; Schwanenberger, C.; Soeldner-Rembold, S.; Takahashi, M.; Vesterinen, M.; Wyatt, T. R.; Yang, W. -C.] Univ Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Das, A.; Johns, K.; Varnes, E. W.] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Ellison, J.; Heinson, A. P.; Li, L.; Padilla, M.; Wimpenny, S. J.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bandurin, D. V.; Blessing, S.; Hagopian, S.; Hoang, T.; Wahl, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Aoki, M.; Bagby, L.; Baldin, B.; Bartlett, J. F.; Bellantoni, L.; Bhat, P. C.; Boehnlein, A.; Bross, A.; Casey, B. C. K.; Cihangir, S.; Cooke, M.; Cooper, W. E.; Demarteau, M.; Denisov, D.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Diesburg, M.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, H. E.; Fuess, S.; Ginther, G.; Greenlee, H.; Gruenendahl, S.; Gutierrez, G.; Illingworth, R.; Ito, A. S.; Johnson, M.; Jonckheere, A.; Juste, A.; Kasper, P. A.; Khalatyan, N.; Lee, W. M.; Li, Q. Z.; Lincoln, D.; Lipton, R.; Lyon, A. L.; Penning, B.; Podstavkov, V. M.; Rominsky, M.; Rubinov, P.; Sanghi, B.; Savage, G.; Sirotenko, V.; Stutte, L.; Verzocchi, M.; Weber, M.; Xie, Y.; Yamada, R.; Yasuda, T.; Ye, Z.; Youn, S. W.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Adams, M.; Bazterra, V.; Gerber, C. E.; Strom, D.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Blazey, G.; Chakraborty, D.; Dyshkant, A.; Fortner, M.; Hedin, D.; Menezes, D.; Uzunyan, S.] No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Buchholz, D.; Kirby, M. H.; Schellman, H.; Welty-Rieger, L.; Yacoob, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Evans, H.; Lammers, S.; Parua, N.; Price, D.; Van Kooten, R.; Zieminska, D.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, IN 46323 USA. [Chan, K. M.; Hildreth, M. D.; Osta, J.; Ruchti, R.; Smirnov, D.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Hauptman, J. M.; Lee, S. W.] Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Chen, G.; Clutter, J.; McGivern, C. L.; Sekaric, J.; Wilson, G. W.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bolton, T. A.; Kaadze, K.; Maravin, Y.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Arov, M.; Greenwood, Z. D.; Sawyer, L.; Wobisch, M.] Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Eno, S.; Ferbel, T.; Wetstein, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bose, T.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Facini, G.; Haley, J.; Hesketh, G.; Wood, D. R.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Alton, A.; Herner, K.; Neal, H. A.; Qian, J.; Xu, C.; Zhou, B.; Zhu, J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Abolins, M.; Brock, R.; Edmunds, D.; Fisher, W.; Geng, W.; Kraus, J.; Linnemann, J.; Piper, J.; Schwienhorst, R.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Melnitchouk, A.; Quinn, B.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Claes, D.; DeVaughan, K.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Johnston, D.; Katsanos, I.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Atramentov, O.; Duggan, D.; Gershtein, Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Gerbaudo, D.; Tully, C.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Iashvili, I.; Jain, S.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Smith, K. J.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Brooijmans, G.; Haas, A.; Parsons, J.; Tuts, P. M.; Zivkovic, L.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Demina, R.; Ferbel, T.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Ginther, G.; Harel, A.; Petrillo, G.; Slattery, P.; Wang, M. H. L. S.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Boline, D.; Chakrabarti, S.; Grannis, P. D.; Guo, F.; Guo, J.; Hobbs, J. D.; McCarthy, R.; Rijssenbeek, M.; Schamberger, R. D.; Strauss, E.; Tsybychev, D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Begel, M.; Evdokimov, A.; Gadfort, T.; Patwa, A.; Pleier, M. -A.; Protopopescu, S.; Snyder, S.; Yip, K.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Snow, J.] Langston Univ, Langston, OK 73050 USA. [Abbott, B.; Gutierrez, P.; Hossain, S.; Severini, H.; Skubic, P.; Strauss, M.; Svoisky, P.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hegab, H.; Khanov, A.; Rizatdinova, F.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Cho, D. K.; Cutts, D.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.; Khatidze, D.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Pangilinan, M.; Parihar, V.; Partridge, R.; Yoo, H. D.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Brandt, A.; De, K.; Sosebee, M.; Spurlock, B.; White, A.; Yu, J.] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kehoe, R.; Renkel, P.] So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Chandra, A.; Corcoran, M.; Mackin, D.; Prewitt, M.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Buehler, M.; Hirosky, R.; Mulhearn, M.; Zelitch, S.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [BackusMayes, J.; Burnett, T. H.; Dorland, T.; Goussiou, A.; Lubatti, H. J.; Schlobohm, S.; Watts, G.; Zhao, T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Abazov, VM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. RI Li, Liang/O-1107-2015; Fisher, Wade/N-4491-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/F-1812-2010; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Deliot, Frederic/F-3321-2014; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/F-9057-2014; Lokajicek, Milos/G-7800-2014; Kupco, Alexander/G-9713-2014; Kozelov, Alexander/J-3812-2014; Christoudias, Theodoros/E-7305-2015; Guo, Jun/O-5202-2015; Gerbaudo, Davide/J-4536-2012; Santos, Angelo/K-5552-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Mercadante, Pedro/K-1918-2012; Yip, Kin/D-6860-2013; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Bolton, Tim/A-7951-2012; bu, xuebing/D-1121-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Perfilov, Maxim/E-1064-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012 OI Li, Liang/0000-0001-6411-6107; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Ancu, Lucian Stefan/0000-0001-5068-6723; Sharyy, Viatcheslav/0000-0002-7161-2616; Christoudias, Theodoros/0000-0001-9050-3880; Guo, Jun/0000-0001-8125-9433; Gerbaudo, Davide/0000-0002-4463-0878; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Yip, Kin/0000-0002-8576-4311; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; FU DOE; NSF (USA); CEA; CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI; Rosatom; RFBR (Russia); CNPq; FAPERJ; FAPESP; FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE; DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF; KOSEF (Korea); CONICET; UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC; Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT; GACR (Czech Republic); CRC; NSERC (Canada); BMBF; DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); Swedish Research Council (Sweden); CAS; CNSF (China) FX We thank the staffs at Fermilab and collaborating institutions, and acknowledge support from the DOE and NSF (USA); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); FASI, Rosatom and RFBR (Russia); CNPq, FAPERJ, FAPESP, and FUNDUNESP (Brazil); DAE and DST (India); Colciencias (Colombia); CONACyT (Mexico); KRF and KOSEF (Korea); CONICET and UBACyT (Argentina); FOM (The Netherlands); STFC and the Royal Society (United Kingdom); MSMT and GACR (Czech Republic); CRC Program and NSERC (Canada); BMBF and DFG (Germany); SFI (Ireland); The Swedish Research Council (Sweden); and CAS and CNSF (China). NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 071102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.071102 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 671VK UT WOS:000283539300001 ER PT J AU Berger, EL Cao, QH Chen, CR Shaughnessy, G Zhang, H AF Berger, Edmond L. Cao, Qing-Hong Chen, Chuan-Ren Shaughnessy, Gabe Zhang, Hao TI Color Sextet Scalars in Early LHC Experiments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HADRON COLLIDERS AB We explore the potential for discovery of an exotic color sextet scalar in same-sign top quark pair production in early running at the LHC. We present the first phenomenological analysis at colliders of color sextet scalars with full top quark spin correlations included. We demonstrate that one can measure the scalar mass, the top quark polarization, and confirm the scalar resonance with 1 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity. The top quark polarization can distinguish gauge triplet and singlet scalars. C1 [Berger, Edmond L.; Cao, Qing-Hong; Shaughnessy, Gabe] Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cao, Qing-Hong; Zhang, Hao] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Chen, Chuan-Ren] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Shaughnessy, Gabe] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zhang, Hao] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Hao] Peking Univ, State Key Lab Nucl Phys & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, High Energy Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Zhang, Hao/D-1695-2011; ZHANG, Hao/G-6430-2015 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-91ER40684]; Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago Joint Theory Institute [03921-07-137]; World Premier International Initiative, MEXT, Japan; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10975004]; China Scholarship Council [2009601282] FX The work by E. L. B., Q. H. C., and G. S. is supported in part by the U.S. DOE under Grants No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Q. H. C is also supported in part by the Argonne National Laboratory and University of Chicago Joint Theory Institute Grant 03921-07-137. C. R. C. is supported by World Premier International Initiative, MEXT, Japan. G. S. is also supported in part by the U.S. DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-91ER40684. H. Z. is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 10975004 and the China Scholarship Council File No. 2009601282. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 181802 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.181802 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671WK UT WOS:000283542500003 PM 21231097 ER PT J AU Blackburn, E Das, P Eskildsen, MR Forgan, EM Laver, M Niedermayer, C Petrovic, C White, JS AF Blackburn, E. Das, P. Eskildsen, M. R. Forgan, E. M. Laver, M. Niedermayer, C. Petrovic, C. White, J. S. TI Exploring the Fragile Antiferromagnetic Superconducting Phase in CeCoIn5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB CeCoIn5 is a heavy fermion type-II superconductor showing clear signs of Pauli-limited superconductivity. A variety of measurements give evidence for a transition at high magnetic fields inside the superconducting state, when the field is applied either parallel to or perpendicular to the c axis. When the field is perpendicular to the c axis, antiferromagnetic order develops on the high-field side of the transition. This order remains as the field is rotated out of the basal plane, but the associated moment eventually disappears above 17 degrees, indicating that anomalies seen with the field parallel to the c axis are not related to this magnetic order. We discuss the implications of this finding. C1 [Blackburn, E.; Forgan, E. M.; White, J. S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Das, P.; Eskildsen, M. R.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Laver, M.; Niedermayer, C.; White, J. S.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Laver, M.] Tech Univ Denmark, Riso DTU, Mat Res Div, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Laver, M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Nanosci Ctr, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Petrovic, C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Blackburn, E (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Eskildsen, Morten/E-7779-2011; Das, Pinaki/C-2877-2012; Blackburn, Elizabeth/C-2312-2014; Niedermayer, Christof/K-4436-2014; White, Jonathan/G-2742-2010; Petrovic, Cedomir/A-8789-2009 OI White, Jonathan/0000-0001-7738-0150; Petrovic, Cedomir/0000-0001-6063-1881 FU U.S. NSF [DMR-0804887]; DanScatt; U.S. Department of Energy and Brookhaven Science Associates [DE-Ac02-98CH10886]; Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research program "MaNEP'' FX This work is based on experiments performed at the Swiss spallation neutron source SINQ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. E. B. and E. M. F. acknowledge support from the U. K. EPSRC and the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme through the "Research Infrastructures'' action of the "Capacities'' Programme, Contract No. CP-CSA-INFRA-2008-1.1.1 No. 226507-NMI3. P. D. and M. R. E. acknowledge support by the U.S. NSF through Grant No. DMR-0804887. M. L. acknowledges support from DanScatt. Work carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory (C. P.) was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and Brookhaven Science Associates (No. DE-Ac02-98CH10886). J. S. W. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research program "MaNEP''. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 187001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.187001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671WK UT WOS:000283542500012 PM 21231126 ER PT J AU Isaev, L Ortiz, G Batista, CD AF Isaev, L. Ortiz, G. Batista, C. D. TI Superconductivity in Strongly Repulsive Fermions: The Role of Kinetic-Energy Frustration SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE; SYSTEMS AB We discuss a physical mechanism of a non-BCS nature which can stabilize a superconducting state in a strongly repulsive electronic system. By considering the two-dimensional Hubbard model with spatially modulated electron hoppings, we demonstrate how kinetic-energy frustration can lead to robust d-wave superconductivity at arbitrarily large on-site repulsion. This phenomenon should be observable in experiments using fermionic atoms, e. g. (40)K, in specially prepared optical lattices. C1 [Isaev, L.; Ortiz, G.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Batista, C. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Isaev, L (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 FU US DOE FX L. I. acknowledges the hospitality of the CNLS at LANL. C. D. B. is supported by US DOE. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 187002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.187002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671WK UT WOS:000283542500013 PM 21231127 ER PT J AU Norman, MR Kaminski, A Rosenkranz, S Campuzano, JC AF Norman, M. R. Kaminski, A. Rosenkranz, S. Campuzano, J. C. TI Comment on "Circular Dichroism in the Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectrum of the High-Temperature Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta Superconductor: Can These Measurements Be Interpreted as Evidence for Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking?" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR C1 [Norman, M. R.; Rosenkranz, S.; Campuzano, J. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kaminski, A.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kaminski, A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Campuzano, J. C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Norman, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 189701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.189701 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671WK UT WOS:000283542500020 PM 21231148 ER PT J AU Petkovic, A Chtchelkatchev, NM Baturina, TI Vinokur, VM AF Petkovic, A. Chtchelkatchev, N. M. Baturina, T. I. Vinokur, V. M. TI Out-of-Equilibrium Heating of Electron Liquid: Fermionic and Bosonic Temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We investigate out-of-the equilibrium properties of the electron liquid in a two-dimensional disordered superconductor subject to the electric bias and temperature gradient. We calculate kinetic coefficients and Nyquist noise, and find that they are characterized by distinct effective temperatures: T(e), characterizing single-particle excitations, T(Cp), describing the Cooper pairs, and T(eh), corresponding to electron-hole or dipole excitations. Varying the ratio between the electric j and thermal j(th) currents and boundary conditions one can heat different kinds of excitations tuning their corresponding temperatures. We propose the experiment to determine these effective temperatures. C1 [Petkovic, A.; Chtchelkatchev, N. M.; Baturina, T. I.; Vinokur, V. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chtchelkatchev, N. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. [Chtchelkatchev, N. M.] Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117940, Russia. [Baturina, T. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Semicond Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. [Baturina, T. I.] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RP Petkovic, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chtchelkatchev, Nikolay/L-1273-2013 OI Chtchelkatchev, Nikolay/0000-0002-7242-1483 FU U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; RFBR, Dynasty; RF President foundation [mk-7674.2010.2]; RAS FX The work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science through the contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, by RFBR, Dynasty, and by the RF President foundation (mk-7674.2010.2) and RAS programs. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 187003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.187003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671WK UT WOS:000283542500014 PM 21231128 ER PT J AU Witzel, WM Carroll, MS Morello, A Cywinski, L Das Sarma, S AF Witzel, Wayne M. Carroll, Malcolm S. Morello, Andrea Cywinski, Lukasz Das Sarma, S. TI Electron Spin Decoherence in Isotope-Enriched Silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE EXPERIMENTS AB Silicon is promising for spin-based quantum computation because nuclear spins, a source of magnetic noise, may be eliminated through isotopic enrichment. Long spin decoherence times T(2) have been measured in isotope-enriched silicon but come far short of the T(2) = 2T(1) limit. The effect of nuclear spins on T(2) is well established. However, the effect of background electron spins from ever present residual phosphorus impurities in silicon can also produce significant decoherence. We study spin decoherence decay as a function of donor concentration, (29)Si concentration, and temperature using cluster expansion techniques specifically adapted to the problem of a sparse dipolarly coupled electron spin bath. Our results agree with the existing experimental spin echo data in Si: P and establish the importance of background dopants as the ultimate decoherence mechanism in isotope-enriched silicon. C1 [Witzel, Wayne M.; Carroll, Malcolm S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Morello, Andrea] Univ New S Wales, CQCT, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Morello, Andrea] Univ New S Wales, Sch Elect Engn & Telecommun, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Cywinski, Lukasz] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Cywinski, Lukasz; Das Sarma, S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Witzel, WM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wwitzel@sandia.gov RI Morello, Andrea/B-6475-2008; Das Sarma, Sankar/B-2400-2009; Cywinski, Lukasz/E-5348-2010 OI Morello, Andrea/0000-0001-7445-699X; Das Sarma, Sankar/0000-0002-0439-986X; Cywinski, Lukasz/0000-0002-0162-7943 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; LPS-NSA; Homing programme of the Foundation for Polish Science; EEA Financial Mechanism; Australian Research Council; Australian Government; U.S. NSA; U.S. ARO [W911NF-08-1-0527] FX We thank A. Tyryshkin, S. Lyon, C. Tahan, R. Muller, E. Nielsen, R. Rahman, A. Ganti, and A. Landahl for comments. Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. S. D. S. and L. C. acknowledge LPS-NSA support; L. C. is also supported by the Homing programme of the Foundation for Polish Science and the EEA Financial Mechanism. A. M. is supported by the Australian Research Council, Australian Government, U.S. NSA, and U.S. ARO under Contract No. W911NF-08-1-0527. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 187602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.187602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671WK UT WOS:000283542500018 PM 21231138 ER PT J AU Wang, LW Qin, YL Ilchenko, S Bohon, J Shi, WX Cho, MW Takamoto, K Chance, MR AF Wang, Liwen Qin, Yali Ilchenko, Serguei Bohon, Jen Shi, Wuxian Cho, Michael W. Takamoto, Keiji Chance, Mark R. TI Structural Analysis of a Highly Glycosylated and Unliganded gp120-Based Antigen Using Mass Spectrometry SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Structural characterization of the HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 is very important for providing an understanding of the protein's immunogenicity and its binding to cell receptors. So far, the crystallographic structure of gp120 with an intact V3 loop (in the absence of a CD4 coreceptor or antibody) has not been determined. The third variable region (V3) of the gp120 is immunodominant and contains glycosylation signatures that are essential for coreceptor binding and entry of the virus into T-cells. In this study, we characterized the structure of the outer domain of gp120 with an intact V3 loop (gp120-OD8) purified from Drosophila S2 cells utilizing mass spectrometry-based approaches. We mapped the glycosylation sites and calculated the glycosylation occupancy of gp120-OD8; 11 sites from 15 glycosylation motifs were determined as having high-mannose or hybrid glycosylation structures. The specific glycan moieties of nine glycosylation sites from eight unique glycopeptides were determined by a combination of ECD and CID MS approaches. Hydroxyl radical-mediated protein footprinting coupled with mass spectrometry analysis was employed to provide detailed information about protein structure of gp120-OD8 by directly identifying accessible and hydroxyl radical-reactive side chain residues. Comparison of gp120-OD8 experimental footprinting data with a homology model derived from the ligated CD4 gp120-OD8 crystal structure revealed a flexible V3 loop structure in which the V3 tip may provide contacts with the rest of the protein while residues in the V3 base remain solvent accessible. In addition, the data illustrate interactions between specific sugar moieties and amino acid side chains potentially important to the gp120-OD8 structure. C1 [Chance, Mark R.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Prote & Bioinformat, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Qin, Yali; Cho, Michael W.] Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bohon, Jen; Shi, Wuxian; Chance, Mark R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Takamoto, Keiji] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Chance, MR (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Ctr Prote & Bioinformat, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mark.chance@case.edu FU National Institutes of Health [P01-AI-074286]; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P30-EB-09998]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (P01-AI-074286).; We acknowledge Janna Kiselar and Parminder Kaur for their discussion of this study. Use of the X28C beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P30-EB-09998) and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 42 BP 9032 EP 9045 DI 10.1021/bi1011332 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 668SC UT WOS:000283289000004 PM 20825246 ER PT J AU Kamath, G Howell, EE Agarwal, PK AF Kamath, Ganesh Howell, Elizabeth E. Agarwal, Pratul K. TI The Tail Wagging the Dog: Insights into Catalysis in R67 Dihydrofolate Reductase SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Plasmid-encoded R67 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) catalyzes a hydride transfer reaction between substrate dihydrofolate (DHF) and its cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). R67 DHFR is a homotetramer that exhibits numerous characteristics of a primitive enzyme, including promiscuity in binding of substrate and cofactor, formation of nonproductive complexes, and the absence of a conserved acid in its active site. Furthermore, R67's active site is a pore, which is mostly accessible by bulk solvent. This study uses a computational approach to characterize the mechanism of hydride transfer. Not surprisingly, NADPH remains fixed in one-half of the active site pore using numerous interactions with R67. Also, stacking between the nicotinamide ring of the cofactor and the pteridine ring of the substrate, DHF, at the hourglass center of the pore, holds the reactants in place. However, large movements of the p-aminobenzoylglutamate tail of DHF occur in the other half of the pore because of ion pair switching between symmetry-related K32 residues from two subunits. This computational result is supported by experimental results that the loss of these ion pair interactions (located > 13 angstrom from the center of the pore) by addition of salt or in asymmetric K32M mutants leads to altered enzyme kinetics [Hicks, S. N., et al. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 10569-10578; Hicks, S. N., et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 46995-47002]. The tail movement at the edge of the active site, coupled with the fixed position of the pteridine ring in the center of the pore, leads to puckering of the pteridine ring and promotes formation of the transition state. Flexibility coupled to R67 function is unusual as it contrasts with the paradigm that enzymes use increased rigidity to facilitate attainment of their transition states. A comparison with chromosomal DHFR indicates a number of similarities, including puckering of the nicotinamide ring and changes in the DHF tail angle, accomplished by different elements of the dissimilar protein folds. C1 [Kamath, Ganesh; Agarwal, Pratul K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Howell, Elizabeth E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Agarwal, PK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,MS 6016, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM agarwalpk@ornl.gov FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory; National Science Foundation [MCB-0817827] FX The contributions of G.K. and P.K.A. were supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Laboratory Directed Research and Development funds and the allocation of computing time by the National Center for Computational Sciences (BIP003). The contribution of E.E.H. was supported by National Science Foundation Grant MCB-0817827. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 49 IS 42 BP 9078 EP 9088 DI 10.1021/bi1007222 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 668SC UT WOS:000283289000009 PM 20795731 ER PT J AU Von Ruden, AL Cosimbescu, L Polikarpov, E Koech, PK Swensen, JS Wang, LA Darsell, JT Padmaperuma, AB AF Von Ruden, Amber L. Cosimbescu, Lelia Polikarpov, Evgueni Koech, Phillip K. Swensen, James S. Wang, Liang Darsell, Jens T. Padmaperuma, Asanga B. TI Phosphine Oxide Based Electron Transporting and Hole Blocking Materials for Blue Electrophosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORESCENT OLEDS; HOST MATERIAL; EFFICIENCY; PYRIDINES; EMISSION AB We report the design, synthesis, thermal, and photophysical properties of two phosphine oxide based electron transport/hole blocking materials, 2,6-bis(4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)pyridine (BM-A11) and 2,4-bis(4-(diphenyl-phosphoryl)phenyl)pyridine (BM-A10), for blue electrophosphorescent organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). The use of these materials in blue OLEDs with iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C(2)']picolinate (Firpic) as the phosphor was demonstrated. Using the dual host device architecture with BM-A10 as the electron transport material (ETM) yields a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 8.9% with a power efficiency of 21.5lm/W (4.0 V and 35 cd/m(2)). When BM-All is used as the ETM, the maximum EQE and power efficiency improves to 14.9% and 48.4 lm/W, respectively (3.0 V and 40 cd/m2). C1 [Von Ruden, Amber L.; Cosimbescu, Lelia; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Koech, Phillip K.; Swensen, James S.; Wang, Liang; Darsell, Jens T.; Padmaperuma, Asanga B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Padmaperuma, AB (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM asanga.padmaperuma@pnl.gov OI Koech, Phillip/0000-0003-2996-0593 FU U.S. Dept. of Energy [M68004043]; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work was funded by the Solid Sate Lighting Program of the U.S. Dept. of Energy, within the Building Technologies Program (BT), Award No. M68004043, and managed by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). We thank Dr. A. Joly for the assistance in collecting low temperature phosphorescence spectra. We would also like to thank Dr. S. Burton and Dr. R. Zhang for assistance in NMR and mass spectroscopy. A portion of this research was performed using the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), which is a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and is located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Computations were carried out using "NWChem, A Computational Chemistry Package for Parallel Computers, Version 5.1" (2007), developed at the High Performance Computational Chemistry Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352-0999, USA. Extensible Computational Chemistry Environment (ECCE), A Problem Solving Environment for Computational Chemistry, Software Version 6.0" (2009), as developed and distributed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA, and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, was used to obtain some of these results. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 20 BP 5678 EP 5686 DI 10.1021/cm1013653 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 665NO UT WOS:000283042700003 ER PT J AU Farrell, WM Kurth, WS Tokar, RL Wahlund, JE Gurnett, DA Wang, Z MacDowall, RJ Morooka, MW Johnson, RE Waite, JH AF Farrell, W. M. Kurth, W. S. Tokar, R. L. Wahlund, J. -E. Gurnett, D. A. Wang, Z. MacDowall, R. J. Morooka, M. W. Johnson, R. E. Waite, J. H., Jr. TI Modification of the plasma in the near-vicinity of Enceladus by the enveloping dust SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL MASS-SPECTROMETER; WAVE INSTRUMENT; CASSINI RADIO; E-RING; PARTICLES; PLUME; ATMOSPHERE; WATER; ION AB The plasma near Saturn's equator is quasi-corotating, but those fluid elements entering the near-vicinity of the moon Enceladus become uniquely modified. Besides the solid body, the Moon has a surrounding dust envelop that we show herein to be detected similar to 20 Enceladus radii (1 R(E) = 252 km) both north and south of the body. Previous reports indicate that corotating plasma slows down substantially in the near-vicinity of Enceladus. We show herein that the commencement of this plasma slow down matches closely with Cassini's entry into the dense portions of the enveloping dust in the northern hemisphere above the Moon. We also examine in detail the source of the dust about 400 km above the south polar fissures. We find that a large positive potential must exist between the south pole of the moon and the spacecraft to account for ions streaming away from the pole on connecting magnetic field lines. Citation: Farrell, W. M., W. S. Kurth, R. L. Tokar, J.-E. Wahlund, D. A. Gurnett, Z. Wang, R. J. MacDowall, M. W. Morooka, R. E. Johnson, and J. H. Waite Jr. (2010), Modification of the plasma in the near-vicinity of Enceladus by the enveloping dust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L20202, doi:10.1029/2010GL044768. C1 [Farrell, W. M.; MacDowall, R. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kurth, W. S.; Gurnett, D. A.; Wang, Z.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Johnson, R. E.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Wahlund, J. -E.; Morooka, M. W.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Tokar, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Waite, J. H., Jr.] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78228 USA. RP Farrell, WM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Solar Syst Explorat Div, Mail Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.farrell@gsfc.nasa.gov RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012; Farrell, William/I-4865-2013; OI Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202 NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 37 AR L20202 DI 10.1029/2010GL044768 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 674LS UT WOS:000283746600006 ER PT J AU Denton, RE Sonnerup, BUO Birn, J Teh, WL Drake, JF Swisdak, M Hesse, M Baumjohann, W AF Denton, R. E. Sonnerup, B. U. Oe. Birn, J. Teh, W. -L. Drake, J. F. Swisdak, M. Hesse, M. Baumjohann, W. TI Test of methods to infer the magnetic reconnection geometry from spacecraft data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB When analyzing data from a cluster of spacecraft (such as Cluster or MMS) crossing a site of magnetic reconnection, it is desirable to be able to determine the orientation of the reconnection site. If the reconnection is quasi-two dimensional, there are three key directions, the direction of inhomogeneity (direction across the reconnection site), the direction of the reconnecting component of the magnetic field, and the direction of rough invariance (the "out of plane" direction). Using simulated spacecraft observations of an MHD simulation of magnetic reconnection in the geomagnetic tail, we test a direction-finding method based on the gradient of the vector magnetic field and find that the directions can be well determined. The results from this method, however, can be in error if there are systematic calibration errors in the magnetic field measurements. We show that the effect of these errors can be eliminated if an average gradient is subtracted from a time series of gradient values before they are used for the analysis. We also test a method to determine the velocity of the reconnecting structure relative to the spacecraft using the time derivative and gradient of the magnetic field and show that this velocity can be well determined. Calibration errors can be eliminated in this case also if an average time derivative and gradient are subtracted from the time series of values before they are used for the analysis. C1 [Denton, R. E.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Sonnerup, B. U. Oe.] Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Birn, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Teh, W. -L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Drake, J. F.; Swisdak, M.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res & Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hesse, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Denton, RE (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM richard.e.denton@dartmouth.edu; bengt.u.o.sonnerup@dartmouth.edu; jbirn@lanl.gov; teh@lasp.Colorado.Edu; drake@umd.edu; swisdak@umd.edu; michael.hesse@nasa.gov; baumjohann@oeaw.ac.at RI Hesse, Michael/D-2031-2012; Baumjohann, Wolfgang/A-1012-2010; NASA MMS, Science Team/J-5393-2013 OI Baumjohann, Wolfgang/0000-0001-6271-0110; NASA MMS, Science Team/0000-0002-9504-5214 FU NASA [NNX08AV81G]; NSF [ATM-0120950] FX R.E.D. was supported primarily by NASA grant NNX08AV81G (MMS Theory Program) and to a lesser extent by NSF grant ATM-0120950 (Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM), funded by the NSF Science and Technology Centers Programs). J.B. acknowledges NASA support through the MMS and Solar-Heliophysics Theory programs. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 115 AR A10242 DI 10.1029/2010JA015420 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 674SY UT WOS:000283771300003 ER PT J AU Dumitriu, I Bilodeau, RC Gorczyca, TW Walter, CW Gibson, ND Pesic, ZD Rolles, D Berrah, N AF Dumitriu, I. Bilodeau, R. C. Gorczyca, T. W. Walter, C. W. Gibson, N. D. Pesic, Z. D. Rolles, D. Berrah, N. TI Inner-shell photodetachment from Ru- SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; THRESHOLD BEHAVIOR; AUGER TRANSITIONS; BINDING-ENERGIES; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NEGATIVE-IONS; METAL ATOMS; 4D METALS; SPECTROSCOPY; RUTHENIUM AB Inner-shell photodetachment from Ru- was studied near and above the 4p excitation region, 29-to-91-eV photon energy range, using a merged ion-photon-beam technique. The absolute photodetachment cross sections of Ru-([Kr] 4d(7)5s(2)) leading to Ru+, Ru2+, and Ru3+ ion production were measured. In the near-threshold region, a Wigner s-wave law, including estimated postcollision interaction effects, locates the 4p(3/2) detachment threshold between 40.10 and 40.27 eV. Additionally, the Ru2+ product spectrum provides evidence for simultaneous two-electron photodetachment (likely to the Ru+ 4p(5)4d(6)5s(2) state) located near 49 eV. Resonance effects are observed due to interference between transitions of the 4p electrons to the quasibound 4p(5)4d(8)5s(2) states and the 4d -> epsilon f continuum. Despite the large number of possible terms resulting from the Ru- 4d open shell, the cross section obtained from a 51-state LS-coupled R-matrix calculation agrees qualitatively well with the experimental data. C1 [Dumitriu, I.; Bilodeau, R. C.; Gorczyca, T. W.; Pesic, Z. D.; Rolles, D.; Berrah, N.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Bilodeau, R. C.; Pesic, Z. D.; Rolles, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Walter, C. W.; Gibson, N. D.] Denison Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Granville, OH 43023 USA. RP Dumitriu, I (reprint author), Gustavus Adolphus Coll, Dept Phys, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. OI Bilodeau, Rene/0000-0001-8607-2328 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical, Geoscience, and Biological Divisions; DoE, Scientific User Facilities Division; NSF [0456916, 0757976] FX This work was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical, Geoscience, and Biological Divisions. The ALS is funded by the DoE, Scientific User Facilities Division. N. D. Gibson and C. W. Walter acknowledge support from NSF Grants No. 0456916 and No. 0757976. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 043434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.043434 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 671FS UT WOS:000283486500013 ER PT J AU Fogle, M Bahati, EM Bannister, ME Deng, SHM Vane, CR Thomas, RD Zhaunerchyk, V AF Fogle, M. Bahati, E. M. Bannister, M. E. Deng, S. H. M. Vane, C. R. Thomas, R. D. Zhaunerchyk, V. TI Electron-impact dissociation of XH2+ (X = B, C, N, O, F): Absolute cross sections for production of XH+ and X+ fragment ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-IONS; CH2+; RECOMBINATION; IONIZATION; EXCITATION; COLLISION; H2O+ AB Absolute cross sections for electron-impact dissociation of XH2+ (X = B, C, N, O, F) producing XH+ and X+ ion fragments were measured in the 3- to 100-eV range using a crossed-electron-ion beams technique. Dissociative excitation of BD2+ and CH2+ producing B+ and C+, respectively, show a propensity toward a two-body dissociation while the remaining species all tend to show a three-body dissociation dynamic. The BD+ and CH+ dissociative excitation channels show a large resonant-type contribution to the cross sections at similar to 10eV. For the X+ fragment ion production cross sections, a clear dependence on the threshold energy, as it relates to the rate of rise in the cross section above threshold, is observed. C1 [Fogle, M.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Bahati, E. M.; Bannister, M. E.; Deng, S. H. M.; Vane, C. R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thomas, R. D.; Zhaunerchyk, V.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Fogle, M (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM fogle@physics.auburn.edu RI Deng, Shihu/H-8053-2012; Zhaunerchyk, Vitali/E-9751-2016; OI Bannister, Mark E./0000-0002-9572-8154 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences and the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy. One of the authors (S.D.) gratefully acknowledges support from the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program administered jointly by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 042720 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.042720 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 671FS UT WOS:000283486500010 ER PT J AU Pindzola, MS Robicheaux, F Colgan, J AF Pindzola, M. S. Robicheaux, F. Colgan, J. TI Single and double ionization in C6+ + He collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN MOLECULES; CROSS-SECTIONS; ION COLLISIONS; PROTON IMPACT; HELIUM AB Single- and double-ionization processes in C6+ collisions with the He atom at an incident energy of 100 MeV/amu are studied by direct solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation. A time-dependent close-coupling method based on an expansion of a one-electron three-dimensional wave function in the field of He+ is used to calculate single-ionization cross sections. A time-dependent close-coupling method based on an expansion of a two-electron six-dimensional wave function in the field of He2+ is used to calculate single-and double-ionization cross sections. Electron energy and angle differential cross sections for single ionization are presented for various projectile impact parameters. For relatively large impact parameters, the differential cross sections are in qualitative agreement with ion-atom experiments. Electron energy and angle differential cross sections for double ionization are also presented for a relatively large projectile impact parameter. C1 [Pindzola, M. S.; Robicheaux, F.] Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Colgan, J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pindzola, MS (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Robicheaux, Francis/F-4343-2014; OI Robicheaux, Francis/0000-0002-8054-6040; Colgan, James/0000-0003-1045-3858 FU US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC5206NA25396] FX We thank M. Schulz of the University of Missouri-Rolla for helpful comments. This work was supported in part by grants from the US Department of Energy and the US National Science Foundation. Computational work was carried out at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center in Oakland, CA, and at the National Institute for Computational Science in Knoxville, TN. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 4 AR 042719 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.042719 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 671FS UT WOS:000283486500009 ER PT J AU Arenholz, E van der Laan, G Fraile-Rodriguez, A Yu, P He, Q Ramesh, R AF Arenholz, E. van der Laan, G. Fraile-Rodriguez, A. Yu, P. He, Q. Ramesh, R. TI Probing ferroelectricity in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 with polarized soft x rays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2P ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; THIN-FILMS; SURFACES; PHYSICS AB The reduction in symmetry associated with the onset of ferroelectric order in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) thin films leads to a pronounced difference at the Ti L-3,L-2 absorption edges between spectra measured with the x-ray linear polarization perpendicular and parallel to the ferroelectric polarization. We introduce a general method to analyze the observed difference spectra using atomic multiplet calculations. Moreover, we find experimental evidence for structural changes in PZT induced by the reversal of the ferroelectric polarization. C1 [Arenholz, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van der Laan, G.] Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. [Fraile-Rodriguez, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Swiss Light Source, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Yu, P.; He, Q.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yu, P.; He, Q.; Ramesh, R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arenholz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fraile Rodriguez, Arantxa/A-2446-2009; He, Qing/E-3202-2010; Yu, Pu/F-1594-2014; van der Laan, Gerrit/Q-1662-2015 OI Fraile Rodriguez, Arantxa/0000-0003-2722-0882; van der Laan, Gerrit/0000-0001-6852-2495 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We gratefully acknowledge x-ray diffraction measurements by Wolter Siemons and Arturas Vailionis. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 140103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.140103 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671GG UT WOS:000283487900001 ER PT J AU Dioguardi, AP apRoberts-Warren, N Shockley, AC Bud'ko, SL Ni, N Canfield, PC Curro, NJ AF Dioguardi, A. P. apRoberts-Warren, N. Shockley, A. C. Bud'ko, S. L. Ni, N. Canfield, P. C. Curro, N. J. TI Local magnetic inhomogeneities in Ba(Fe1-xNix)(2)As-2 as seen via As-75 NMR SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BAFE2AS2; RELAXATION; METALS AB We report As-75 NMR measurements in BaFe2As2 doped with Ni. Like Co, Ni doping suppresses the antiferromagnetic and structural phase transitions and gives rise to superconductivity for sufficiently large Ni doping. The spin-lattice relaxation rate diverges at T-N with a critical exponent consistent with three-dimensional ordering of local moments. In the ordered state the spectra quickly broaden inhomogeneously with doping. We extract the average size of the ordered moment as a function of doping and show that a model in which the order remains commensurate but with local amplitude variations in the vicinity of the dopant fully explains our observations. C1 [Dioguardi, A. P.; apRoberts-Warren, N.; Shockley, A. C.; Curro, N. J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Canfield, P. C.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Canfield, P. C.] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dioguardi, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM curro@physics.ucdavis.edu RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Curro, Nicholas/D-3413-2009 OI Curro, Nicholas/0000-0001-7829-0237 FU University of California [UCOP-01-09]; U.S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358] FX We thank P. Hirschfeld, L. Kemper, M.-H. Julien, and M. Graf for stimulating discussions. This project was supported by the University of California under Grant No. UCOP-01-09. Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy-Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 140411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.140411 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671GG UT WOS:000283487900003 ER PT J AU Henry, A Chen, G Plimpton, SJ Thompson, A AF Henry, Asegun Chen, Gang Plimpton, Steven J. Thompson, Aidan TI 1D-to-3D transition of phonon heat conduction in polyethylene using molecular dynamics simulations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON NANOTUBES; LAYER GRAPHENE; TRANSPORT; HYDROCARBONS; NANOWIRES; DIAMOND; LATTICE AB The thermal conductivity of nanostructures generally decreases with decreasing size because of classical size effects. The axial thermal conductivity of polymer chain lattices, however, can exhibit the opposite trend, because of reduced chain-chain anharmonic scattering. This unique feature gives rise to an interesting one-dimensional-to-three-dimensional transition in phonon transport. We study this transition by calculating the thermal conductivity of polyethylene with molecular dynamics simulations. The results are important for designing inexpensive high thermal-conductivity polymers. C1 [Henry, Asegun; Chen, Gang] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Henry, Asegun] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Plimpton, Steven J.; Thompson, Aidan] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Henry, A (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM ase@gatech.edu; gchen2@mit.edu RI Chen, Gang/J-1325-2014 OI Chen, Gang/0000-0002-3968-8530 FU DOE; NSF [CBET-0755825] FX We acknowledge funding resources provided by the DOE to A. H., computing resources provided by Sandia National Laboratories, and NSF under Grant No. CBET-0755825. Our implementation of the AIREBO potential (Ref. 34) is now part of the open-source LAMMPS molecular dynamics package, which is available for download from lammps.sandia.gov. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144308 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144308 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671GG UT WOS:000283487900006 ER PT J AU Jarrige, I Cai, YQ Shieh, SR Ishii, H Hiraoka, N Karna, S Li, WH AF Jarrige, I. Cai, Y. Q. Shieh, S. R. Ishii, H. Hiraoka, N. Karna, S. Li, W-H TI Charge transfer in FeOCl intercalation compounds and its pressure dependence: An x-ray spectroscopic study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRE-EDGE; K-EDGE; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; IRON OXYCHLORIDE; OXIDATION-STATE; XANES; FE; POLYANILINE; MODEL AB We present a study of charge transfer in Na-intercalated FeOCl and polyaniline-intercalated FeOCl using high-resolution x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy at the Fe K edge. By comparing the experimental data with ab initio simulations, we are able to unambiguously distinguish the spectral changes which appear due to intercalation into those of electronic origin and those of structural origin. For both systems, we find that about 25% of the Fe sites are reduced to Fe(2+) via charge transfer between FeOCl and the intercalate. This is about twice as large as the Fe(2+) fraction reported in studies using Mossbauer spectroscopy. This discrepancy is ascribed to the fact that the charge transfer occurs on the same time scale as the Mossbauer effect itself. Our result suggests that every intercalated atom or molecule is involved in the charge-transfer process, thus making this process a prerequisite for intercalation. The Fe(2+) fraction is found to increase with pressure for polyaniline-FeOCl, hinting at an enhancement of the conductivity in the FeOCl intercalation compounds under pressure. C1 [Jarrige, I.] SPring 8, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Cai, Y. Q.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source 2, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Shieh, S. R.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Earth Sci, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. [Ishii, H.; Hiraoka, N.] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. [Karna, S.; Li, W-H] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. RP Jarrige, I (reprint author), SPring 8, Japan Atom Energy Agcy, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. EM jarrige@spring8.or.jp RI Cai, Yong/C-5036-2008; Jarrige, Ignace/M-6371-2016 OI Cai, Yong/0000-0002-9957-6426; Jarrige, Ignace/0000-0002-1043-5695 FU NSRRC [2004-3-074-1]; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 94-2112-M-213-012]; JASRI/SPring-8 [2005B4261] FX We thank C. C. Chen of NSRRC for his technical support, and S. Tsutsui and P. Kruger for helpful discussions about Mossbauer spectroscopy and FDMNES simulations, respectively. This work was performed with the approvals of JASRI/SPring-8 (Proposal No. 2005B4261) and NSRRC, Taiwan (Grant No. 2004-3-074-1), and is partly supported by NSRRC, the National Science Council of Taiwan (Grant No. NSC 94-2112-M-213-012). The crystal structure in Fig. 1 was drawn using the VESTA program (Ref. 38) NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 16 AR 165121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.165121 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671GP UT WOS:000283488900001 ER PT J AU Rotundu, CR Freelon, B Forrest, TR Wilson, SD Valdivia, PN Pinuellas, G Kim, A Kim, JW Islam, Z Bourret-Courchesne, E Phillips, NE Birgeneau, RJ AF Rotundu, C. R. Freelon, B. Forrest, T. R. Wilson, S. D. Valdivia, P. N. Pinuellas, G. Kim, A. Kim, J. -W. Islam, Z. Bourret-Courchesne, E. Phillips, N. E. Birgeneau, R. J. TI Heat capacity study of BaFe2As2: Effects of annealing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB Heat capacity, x-ray diffraction, and resistivity measurements on a high-quality BaFe2As2 sample show an evolution of the magnetostructural transition with successive annealing periods. After a 30-day anneal the resistivity in the (ab) plane decreases by more than an order of magnitude, to 12 mu Omega cm, with a residual resistance ratio similar to 36; the heat capacity anomaly at the transition sharpens, to an overall width of less than K, and shifts from 135.4 to 140.2 K. The heat capacity anomaly in both the as-grown sample and after the 30-day anneal shows a hysteresis of similar to 0.15 K, and is unchanged in a magnetic field mu H-0=14 T. The x-ray and heat capacity data combined suggest that there is a first-order jump in the structural order parameter. The entropy of the transition is reported. C1 [Rotundu, C. R.; Phillips, N. E.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Freelon, B.; Forrest, T. R.; Pinuellas, G.; Kim, A.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Wilson, S. D.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Valdivia, P. N.; Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, J. -W.; Islam, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Bourret-Courchesne, E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Phillips, N. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rotundu, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM crrotundu@lbl.gov OI Rotundu, Costel/0000-0002-1571-8352 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. DOE [DE-AC03-76SF008] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Office of Basic Energy Sciences U.S. DOE under Grant No. DE-AC03-76SF008. NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 14 AR 144525 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.144525 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671GG UT WOS:000283487900009 ER PT J AU Yang, LY Orenstein, J Lee, DH AF Yang, Luyi Orenstein, J. Lee, Dung-Hai TI Random walk approach to spin dynamics in a two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTOR AB We introduce and solve a semiclassical random walk (RW) model that describes the dynamics of spin polarization waves in zinc-blende semiconductor quantum wells. We derive the dispersion relations for these waves, including the Rashba, linear and cubic Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions, as well as the effects of an electric field applied parallel to the spin polarization wave vector. In agreement with calculations based on quantum kinetic theory [P. Kleinert and V. V. Bryksin, Phys. Rev. B 76, 205326 (2007)], the RW approach predicts that spin waves acquire a phase velocity in the presence of the field that crosses zero at a nonzero wave vector, q(0). In addition, we show that the spin-wave decay rate is independent of field at q0 but increases as (q-q(0))(2) for q not equal q(0). These predictions can be tested experimentally by suitable transient spin grating experiments. C1 [Yang, Luyi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, LY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Orenstein, Joseph/I-3451-2015 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 15 AR 155324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.155324 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 671GM UT WOS:000283488600007 ER PT J AU Cherry, JF Fuller, GM Carlson, J Duan, HY Qian, YZ AF Cherry, John F. Fuller, George M. Carlson, J. Duan, Huaiyu Qian, Yong-Zhong TI Multiangle simulation of flavor evolution in the neutronization neutrino burst from an O-Ne-Mg core-collapse supernova SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE SUPERNOVAE; OSCILLATIONS; GASES; EXPLOSIONS; CONVECTION; MATTER; CODE AB We report results of the first 3 x 3 "multiangle" simulation of the evolution of neutrino flavor in the core-collapse supernova environment. In particular, we follow neutrino flavor transformation in the neutronization neutrino burst of an O-Ne-Mg core-collapse event. Though in a qualitative sense our results are consistent with those obtained in 3 x 3 single-angle simulations, at least in terms of neutrino mass hierarchy dependence, performing multiangle calculations is found to reduce the adiabaticity of flavor evolution in the normal neutrino mass hierarchy, resulting in lower swap energies. Differences between single-angle and multiangle results are largest for the normal neutrino mass hierarchy. Our simulations also show that current uncertainties in the measured mass-squared and mixing angle parameters translate into uncertainties in neutrino swap energies. Our results show that at low theta(13) it may be difficult to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy using the O-Ne-Mg neutronization neutrino burst. C1 [Cherry, John F.; Fuller, George M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Carlson, J.; Duan, Huaiyu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Qian, Yong-Zhong] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Cherry, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NSF [PHY-06-53626]; DOE [DE-FG02-87ER40328]; DOE Office of Nuclear Physics; LANL; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics/LANL FX We would like to thank A. Friedland, C. Lunardini, G. Raffelt, and S. Skory for valuable conversations. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY-06-53626 at UCSD, DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-87ER40328 at the UMN, and by the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics, the LDRD Program and Open Supercomputing at LANL, and an Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics/LANL minigrant. In addition the research of H. D. is supported by the LANL Laboratory Dierected Research and Development program through the director's postdoctoral fellowship at LANL. NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 8 AR 085025 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.085025 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 671HD UT WOS:000283490800006 ER PT J AU Dumitru, A Jalilian-Marian, J AF Dumitru, Adrian Jalilian-Marian, Jamal TI Forward dijets in high-energy collisions: Evolution of QCD n-point functions beyond the dipole approximation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID COLOR GLASS CONDENSATE; NONLINEAR GLUON EVOLUTION; AZIMUTHAL CORRELATIONS; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP; BFKL EQUATION; PA-COLLISIONS; SMALL-X; SCATTERING; SINGULARITY; SATURATION AB Present knowledge of QCD n-point functions of Wilson lines at high energies is rather limited. In practical applications, it is therefore customary to factorize higher n-point functions into products of two-point functions (dipoles) which satisfy the Balitsky-Kovchegov-evolution equation. We employ the Jalilian-Marian-Iancu-McLerran-Weigert-Leonidov-Kovner formalism to derive explicit evolution equations for the 4- and 6-point functions of fundamental Wilson lines and show that if the Gaussian approximation is carried out before the rapidity evolution step is taken, then many leading order N(c) contributions are missed. Our evolution equations could specifically be used to improve calculations of forward dijet angular correlations, recently measured by the STAR Collaboration in deuteron-gold collisions at the RHIC collider. Forward dijets in proton-proton collisions at the LHC probe QCD evolution at even smaller light-cone momentum fractions. Such correlations may provide insight into genuine differences between the Jalilian-Marian-Iancu-McLerran-Weigert-Leonidov-Kovner and Balitsky-Kovchegov approaches. C1 [Dumitru, Adrian] Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Dumitru, Adrian; Jalilian-Marian, Jamal] CUNY, Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, New York, NY 10010 USA. [Dumitru, Adrian; Jalilian-Marian, Jamal] CUNY, Grad Sch, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Dumitru, Adrian; Jalilian-Marian, Jamal] CUNY, Univ Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Dumitru, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU DOE Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-FG02-09ER41620]; City University of New York [60060-3940, 62625-40]; [Department of Energy's] Institute for Nuclear Theory at the University of Washington; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University FX We thank F. Gelis and Yu. Kovchegov for useful discussions during the "High Energy Strong Interactions 2010'' workshop at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics in Kyoto, Japan. We gratefully acknowledge support by the DOE Office of Nuclear Physics through Grant No. DE-FG02-09ER41620 and from The City University of New York through the PSC-CUNY Research Program, Grants No. 60060-3940 (A. D.) and No. 62625-40 (J. J. M.). We further thank the [Department of Energy's] Institute for Nuclear Theory at the University of Washington and the Yukawa International Program for Quark-Hadron Sciences at the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, for their hospitality and partial support during the late stages of this work. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 074023 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.074023 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 671HA UT WOS:000283490400004 ER PT J AU Vecchi, L AF Vecchi, Luca TI Phenomenology of a light scalar: The dilaton SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGGS-BOSON; BULK FIELDS; SYMMETRY AB We make use of the language of nonlinear realizations to analyze electroweak symmetry breaking scenarios in which a light dilaton emerges from the breaking of a nearly conformal strong dynamics and compare the phenomenology of the dilaton to that of the well-motivated light composite Higgs scenario. We argue that-in addition to departures in the decay/production rates into massless gauge bosons mediated by the conformal anomaly-characterizing features of the light dilaton scenario are enhancements in off-shell events at high invariant mass involving two longitudinally polarized vector bosons and a dilaton, and tree-level flavor violating processes. Accommodating both electroweak precision measurements and flavor constraints appears especially challenging in the ambiguous scenario in which the Higgs and the dilaton fields strongly mix. We show that warped higgsless models of electroweak symmetry breaking are explicit and tractable realizations of this limiting case. The relation between the naive radion profile often adopted in the study of holographic realizations of the light dilaton scenario and the actual dynamical dilaton field is clarified in the Appendix. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vecchi, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T2, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vecchi@lanl.gov OI VECCHI, Luca/0000-0001-5254-8826 FU Italian INFN; MIUR; EU Network UniverseNet [MRTN-CT-2006-035863]; U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge Christophe Grojean and Andreas Weiler for stimulating discussions, Riccardo Rattazzi for bringing this topic to my attention, and Roberto Contino and Michael Graesser for comments on the manuscript. This work has been partially supported by the Italian INFN and MIUR under the program "Fundamental Constituents of the Universe'' and the EU Network UniverseNet (MRTN-CT-2006-035863), and by the U.S. Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 82 IS 7 AR 076009 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.82.076009 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 671HA UT WOS:000283490400009 ER PT J AU Aguilar-Arevalo, AA Anderson, CE Brice, SJ Brown, BC Bugel, L Conrad, JM Dharmapalan, R Djurcic, Z Fleming, BT Ford, R Garcia, FG Garvey, GT Mirabal, J Grange, J Green, JA Imlay, R Johnson, RA Karagiorgi, G Katori, T Kobilarcik, T Linden, SK Louis, WC Mahn, KBM Marsh, W Mauger, C Metcalf, W Mills, GB Moore, CD Mousseau, J Nelson, RH Nguyen, V Nienaber, P Nowak, JA Osmanov, B Pavlovic, Z Perevalov, D Polly, CC Ray, H Roe, BP Russell, AD Schirato, R Shaevitz, MH Sorel, M Spitz, J Stancu, I Stefanski, RJ Tayloe, R Tzanov, M Van de Water, RG Wascko, MO White, DH Wilking, MJ Zeller, GP Zimmerman, ED AF Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A. Anderson, C. E. Brice, S. J. Brown, B. C. Bugel, L. Conrad, J. M. Dharmapalan, R. Djurcic, Z. Fleming, B. T. Ford, R. Garcia, F. G. Garvey, G. T. Mirabal, J. Grange, J. Green, J. A. Imlay, R. Johnson, R. A. Karagiorgi, G. Katori, T. Kobilarcik, T. Linden, S. K. Louis, W. C. Mahn, K. B. M. Marsh, W. Mauger, C. Metcalf, W. Mills, G. B. Moore, C. D. Mousseau, J. Nelson, R. H. Nguyen, V. Nienaber, P. Nowak, J. A. Osmanov, B. Pavlovic, Z. Perevalov, D. Polly, C. C. Ray, H. Roe, B. P. Russell, A. D. Schirato, R. Shaevitz, M. H. Sorel, M. Spitz, J. Stancu, I. Stefanski, R. J. Tayloe, R. Tzanov, M. Van de Water, R. G. Wascko, M. O. White, D. H. Wilking, M. J. Zeller, G. P. Zimmerman, E. D. CA MiniBooNE Collaboration TI Event Excess in the MiniBooNE Search for (nu)over-bar(mu) -> (nu)over-bar(e) Oscillations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; LSND EXPERIMENT AB The MiniBooNE experiment at Fermilab reports results from a search for (nu) over bar (mu) -> (nu) over bar (e) oscillations, using a data sample corresponding to 5.66 x 10(20) protons on target. An excess of 20.9 +/- 14.0 events is observed in the energy range 475 < E-nu(QE) < 1250 MeV, which, when constrained by the observed <(nu)over bar>(mu) events, has a probability for consistency with the background-only hypothesis of 0.5%. On the other hand, fitting for (nu) over bar (mu) -> (nu) over bar (e) oscillations, the best-fit point has chi(2) probability of 8.7%. The data are consistent with (nu) over bar (mu) -> (nu) over bar (e) oscillations in the 0.1 to 1.0 eV(2) Delta m(2) range and with the evidence for antineutrino oscillations from the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector at Los Alamos National Laboratory. C1 [Dharmapalan, R.; Perevalov, D.; Stancu, I.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [Djurcic, Z.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Johnson, R. A.] Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Nelson, R. H.; Tzanov, M.; Wilking, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahn, K. B. M.; Shaevitz, M. H.; Sorel, M.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Brice, S. J.; Brown, B. C.; Ford, R.; Garcia, F. G.; Kobilarcik, T.; Marsh, W.; Moore, C. D.; Polly, C. C.; Russell, A. D.; Stefanski, R. J.; Zeller, G. P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Grange, J.; Mousseau, J.; Osmanov, B.; Ray, H.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Green, J. A.; Katori, T.; Tayloe, R.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Garvey, G. T.; Mirabal, J.; Green, J. A.; Louis, W. C.; Mauger, C.; Mills, G. B.; Pavlovic, Z.; Schirato, R.; Van de Water, R. G.; White, D. H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Metcalf, W.; Nowak, J. A.; Wascko, M. O.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Bugel, L.; Conrad, J. M.; Karagiorgi, G.; Katori, T.; Nguyen, V.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Aguilar-Arevalo, A. A.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Roe, B. P.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nienaber, P.] St Marys Univ Minnesota, Winona, MN 55987 USA. [Anderson, C. E.; Fleming, B. T.; Linden, S. K.; Spitz, J.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Aguilar-Arevalo, AA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RI Nowak, Jaroslaw/P-2502-2016; OI Nowak, Jaroslaw/0000-0001-8637-5433; Wascko, Morgan/0000-0002-8348-4447; Aguilar-Arevalo, Alexis A./0000-0001-9279-3375; Van de Water, Richard/0000-0002-1573-327X; Schirato, Richard/0000-0002-4216-0235 NR 36 TC 277 Z9 277 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 181801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.181801 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671HP UT WOS:000283492000002 PM 21231096 ER PT J AU Ellison, PA Gregorich, KE Berryman, JS Bleuel, DL Clark, RM Dragojevic, I Dvorak, J Fallon, P Fineman-Sotomayor, C Gates, JM Gothe, OR Lee, IY Loveland, WD McLaughlin, JP Paschalis, S Petri, M Qian, J Stavsetra, L Wiedeking, M Nitsche, H AF Ellison, P. A. Gregorich, K. E. Berryman, J. S. Bleuel, D. L. Clark, R. M. Dragojevic, I. Dvorak, J. Fallon, P. Fineman-Sotomayor, C. Gates, J. M. Gothe, O. R. Lee, I. Y. Loveland, W. D. McLaughlin, J. P. Paschalis, S. Petri, M. Qian, J. Stavsetra, L. Wiedeking, M. Nitsche, H. TI New Superheavy Element Isotopes: Pu-242(Ca-48, 5n)(285)114 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVIEST NUCLEI; HALF-LIVES; DECAY AB The new, neutron-deficient, superheavy element isotope (285)114 was produced in Ca-48 irradiations of Pu-242 targets at a center-of-target beam energy of 256 MeV (E* = 50 MeV). The alpha decay of (285)114 was followed by the sequential alpha decay of four daughter nuclides, (281)Cn, (277)Ds, (273)Hs, and (269)Sg. (265)Rf was observed to decay by spontaneous fission. The measured alpha-decay Q values were compared with those from a macroscopic-microscopic nuclear mass model to give insight into superheavy element shell effects. The Pu-242(Ca-48, 5n)(285)114 cross section was 0.6(-0.5)(+0.9) pb. C1 [Ellison, P. A.; Fineman-Sotomayor, C.; Gothe, O. R.; McLaughlin, J. P.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ellison, P. A.; Gregorich, K. E.; Berryman, J. S.; Clark, R. M.; Dragojevic, I.; Fallon, P.; Fineman-Sotomayor, C.; Gates, J. M.; Gothe, O. R.; Lee, I. Y.; McLaughlin, J. P.; Paschalis, S.; Petri, M.; Qian, J.; Nitsche, H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bleuel, D. L.; Wiedeking, M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Dvorak, J.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64550 Darmstadt, Germany. [Loveland, W. D.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Stavsetra, L.] Inst Energy Technol, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. RP Ellison, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qian, Jing/F-9639-2010; Petri, Marina/H-4630-2016; Paschalis, Stefanos/H-8758-2016 OI Petri, Marina/0000-0002-3740-6106; Paschalis, Stefanos/0000-0002-9113-3778 FU Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Physics Division; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-FC52-08NA28752, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to thank the ion source staff and operators of the 88-Inch Cyclotron for providing reliable and intense 48Ca ion beams as well as M. Cromaz and A. O. Macchiavelli for their assistance during the experiment. Financial support was provided by the Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Physics Division, and by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the National Nuclear Security Administration under Contracts No. DE-FC52-08NA28752 and No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 21 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 182701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.182701 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671HP UT WOS:000283492000003 PM 21231101 ER PT J AU Petkov, V Selbach, SM Einarsrud, MA Grande, T Shastri, SD AF Petkov, V. Selbach, S. M. Einarsrud, M-A Grande, T. Shastri, S. D. TI Melting of Bi Sublattice in Nanosized BiFeO3 Perovskite by Resonant X-Ray Diffraction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; FILMS AB Free-standing BiFeO3 perovskite particles with a size ranging from polycrystalline bulk down to 5 nm have been studied by high-energy resonant (Bi K edge) x-ray diffraction coupled to differential atomic pair distribution function analysis. Nanosized BiFeO3 particles are found to exhibit extra, i.e., beyond the usual thermal, structural disorder that increases progressively with diminishing their size. In particles of size smaller than approximately 18 nm the disorder destroys the structural coherence of the Bi sublattice and disturbs that of the Fe-based sublattice in the perovskite structure, substantially affecting the magnetoelectric properties it carries. The new structural information helps better understand the unusual behavior of perovskites structured at the nanoscale. C1 [Petkov, V.] Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. [Selbach, S. M.; Einarsrud, M-A; Grande, T.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Shastri, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petkov, V (reprint author), Cent Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859 USA. EM petkov@phy.cmich.edu RI Selbach, Sverre/D-5680-2014; Einarsrud, Mari-Ann/I-5085-2014; Grande, Tor/K-4125-2015 FU DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NTNU FX Work at APS is supported by DOE under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Financial support from NTNU is also acknowledged. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 105 IS 18 AR 185501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.185501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 671HP UT WOS:000283492000005 PM 21231114 ER PT J AU Meehan, TD Hurlbert, AH Gratton, C AF Meehan, Timothy D. Hurlbert, Allen H. Gratton, Claudio TI Bird communities in future bioenergy landscapes of the Upper Midwest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE agriculture; biofuel; diversity ID AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE; ARTHROPOD DIVERSITY; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; BIOFUELS; ENERGY; CONSERVATION; RICHNESS; BIOMASS AB Mandates for biofuel and renewable electricity are creating incentives for biomass production in agricultural landscapes of the Upper Midwest. Different bioenergy crops are expected to vary in their effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here, we use data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey to forecast the impact of potential bioenergy crops on avian species richness and the number of bird species of conservation concern in Midwestern landscapes. Our analysis suggests that expanded production of annual bioenergy crops (e. g., corn and soybeans) on marginal land will lead to declines in avian richness between 7% and 65% across 20% of the region, and will make managing at-risk species more challenging. In contrast, replacement of annual with diverse perennial bioenergy crops (e. g., mixed grasses and forbs) is expected to bring increases in avian richness between 12% and 207% across 20% of the region, and possibly aid the recovery of several species of conservation concern. C1 [Meehan, Timothy D.; Gratton, Claudio] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Meehan, Timothy D.; Gratton, Claudio] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hurlbert, Allen H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Meehan, TD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes Bioenergy Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tmeehan@wisc.edu OI Hurlbert, Allen/0000-0002-5678-9907 FU US Department of Energy; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Office of Science [DE-FC02-07ER64494] FX We thank D. Helmers for access to preprocessed land capability class data, and R. Jackson, T. Ives, V. Radeloff, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. This work was partially funded by US Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Office of Science Grant DE-FC02-07ER64494. NR 39 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 51 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 26 PY 2010 VL 107 IS 43 BP 18533 EP 18538 DI 10.1073/pnas.1008475107 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 673QG UT WOS:000283677400057 PM 20921398 ER PT J AU Welch, KD Dougherty, WG Kassel, WS DuBois, DL Bullock, RM AF Welch, Kevin D. Dougherty, William G. Kassel, W. Scott DuBois, Daniel L. Bullock, R. Morris TI Synthesis, Structures, and Reactions of Manganese Complexes Containing Diphosphine Ligands with Pendant Amines SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID UNCONVENTIONAL HYDROGEN-BONDS; 2ND COORDINATION SPHERE; MOLECULAR CATALYSTS; IRON(II) COMPLEXES; NITROGEN BASES; PROTON RELAYS; H-2 OXIDATION; DIHYDROGEN; CRYSTAL; HYDRIDE AB Addition of the pendant amine ligand PN(R)P (PN(R)P = Ph(2)PCH(2)NRCH(2)PPh(2); R = Me, Ph, n-Bu) to Mn(CO)(5)Br gives fac-Mn(PN(R)P)(CO)(3)Br. Photolysis of fac-Mn(PN(R)P)(CO)(3)Br with dppm [dppm = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane] provides mixed bis(diphosphine) complexes, trans-Mn(PN(R)P)(dppm)(CO)(Br). Reaction of trans-Mn(PN(R)P)(dppm)(CO)(Br) with LiAlH(4) leads to trans-Mn(PN(R)P)(dppm)(CO)(H), which has been characterized by crystallography. Mn(P(2)(Ph)N(2)(Bn))-(dppm)(CO)(H) [P(2)(Ph)N(2)(Bn) = 1,5-diphenyl-3,7-dibenzyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane] can be prepared in a similar manner; its structure has one chelate ring in a chair conformation and the second in a boat conformation. The boat-conformer ring directs the nitrogen of the ring toward the carbonyl ligand, and the N center dot center dot center dot C distance between one N of the P(2)(Ph)N(2)(Bn) ligand and CO is 3.171(4) angstrom, indicating a, weak interaction between the N of the pendant amine and the CO ligand. Reaction of NaBAr(4)(F) (Ar(F) = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) with Mn(P P)(dppm)(CO)(Br) produces the cations [Mn(P-P)(dppm)(CO)](+). The crystal structure of [Mn(PN(Me)P)(dppm)(CO)][BAr(4)(F)] shows two very weak agostic interactions between C-H bonds on the phenyl ring and the Mn. The cationic complexes [Mn(P-P)(dppm)(CO)](+) react with H(2) to form dihydrogen complexes [Mn(H(2))(P-P)(dppm)(CO)](+) (K(eq) = 1-90 atm(-1) in fluorobenzene, for a series of different P-P ligands). Similar equilibria with N(2) produce [Mn(N(2))(P-P)(dppm)(CO)](+) (K(eq) generally 1-3.5 atm(-1) in fluorobenzene). C1 [Welch, Kevin D.; DuBois, Daniel L.; Bullock, R. Morris] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Dougherty, William G.; Kassel, W. Scott] Villanova Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Villanova, PA 19085 USA. RP Bullock, RM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, POB 999,K2-57, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM morris.bullock@pnl.gov RI Bullock, R. Morris/L-6802-2016 OI Bullock, R. Morris/0000-0001-6306-4851 FU Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank the Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy, for support of this work. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 29 IS 20 BP 4532 EP 4540 DI 10.1021/om100668e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 664AI UT WOS:000282930900018 ER PT J AU Erickson, K Erni, R Lee, Z Alem, N Gannett, W Zettl, A AF Erickson, Kris Erni, Rolf Lee, Zonghoon Alem, Nasim Gannett, Will Zettl, Alex TI Determination of the Local Chemical Structure of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE OXIDE; FILMS; TRANSPARENT; MONOLAYERS; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; SHEETS; VAPOR; ORDER C1 [Erickson, Kris; Alem, Nasim; Gannett, Will; Zettl, Alex] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erni, Rolf; Lee, Zonghoon] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Elect Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Erni, Rolf] Empa Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Zettl, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azettl@berkeley.edu RI Lee, Zonghoon/G-1474-2011; Erni, Rolf/P-7435-2014; Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Lee, Zonghoon/0000-0003-3246-4072; Erni, Rolf/0000-0003-2391-5943; Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation via the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; IGERT FX KE and AZ were supported for GO and raGO synthesis by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NA was supported for suspended graphene precursor development by the National Science Foundation via the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems. WG received support for diffraction characterization via an IGERT grant. Part of this work was performed at the National Center for Electron Microscopy under the TEAM project, which is supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 36 TC 424 Z9 429 U1 43 U2 264 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 22 IS 40 BP 4467 EP 4472 DI 10.1002/adma.201000732 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 677OE UT WOS:000284000900006 PM 20717985 ER PT J AU Acosta, VM Bauch, E Jarmola, A Zipp, LJ Ledbetter, MP Budker, D AF Acosta, V. M. Bauch, E. Jarmola, A. Zipp, L. J. Ledbetter, M. P. Budker, D. TI Broadband magnetometry by infrared-absorption detection of nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN COHERENCE; GROUND-STATE; RESOLUTION; CENTERS AB We demonstrate magnetometry by detection of the spin state of high-density nitrogen-vacancy ensembles in diamond using optical absorption at 1042 nm. With this technique, measurement contrast, and collection efficiency can approach unity, leading to an increase in magnetic sensitivity compared to the more common method of collecting red fluorescence. Working at 75 K with a sensor with effective volume 50 X 50 X 300 mu m(3), we project photon shot-noise limited sensitivity of 5 pT in one second of acquisition and bandwidth from dc to a few megahertz. Operation in a gradiometer configuration yields a noise floor of 7 nT(rms) at similar to 110 Hz in one second of acquisition. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3507884] C1 [Acosta, V. M.; Bauch, E.; Jarmola, A.; Zipp, L. J.; Ledbetter, M. P.; Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Budker, D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Acosta, VM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vmacosta@berkeley.edu RI Acosta, Victor/G-8176-2011; Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016; OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814; Acosta, Victor/0000-0003-0058-9954 FU NSF [PHY-0855552, CHE-0957655] FX The authors thank B. Patton, E. Corsini, and the group of A. Pines for helpful comments. This work was supported by NSF Grant Nos. PHY-0855552 and CHE-0957655. NR 22 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 17 AR 174104 DI 10.1063/1.3507884 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680LO UT WOS:000284233600076 ER PT J AU Deng, JK Ding, XD Zhang, Z Lookman, T Suzuki, T Otsuka, K Sun, J Saxena, A Ren, XB AF Deng, Junkai Ding, Xiangdong Zhang, Zhen Lookman, Turab Suzuki, Tetsuro Otsuka, Kazuhiro Sun, Jun Saxena, Avadh Ren, Xiaobing TI Evidence for short-time limit of martensite deaging in shape-memory alloys: Experiment and atomistic simulation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARENT PHASE; TRANSFORMATION; STABILIZATION; CRYSTALS AB It is well known that martensite aging effects in shape memory alloys can be simply removed when the aged martensite experiences a reverse transformation to the parent phase followed by cooling back to the martensite state. This "deaging" process has been known to be very fast but it remains a question as to whether there exists a short-time limit for such a fast deaging process. In this letter, we report that there indeed exists a short-time limit for the deaging. We have studied the aging and deaging of a Au-49.5Cd shape memory alloy, and found that complete removal of the previous aging, as manifested by the recovery of martensite transition start temperature (M(s)), occurs only after aging in the parent phase for more than 500 s. Shorter time holding/aging in the parent phase results in a higher M(s) as compared with the fully deaged case. Therefore, there is a fast relaxation process during the deaging or parent phase aging process. Atomistic simulations suggest that the origin of the observed time-dependent deaging arises from the change in short-range configurations of point defects, being the same as that of the martensite aging. As a result, it is possible to unify the microscopic mechanism of aging in both martensite and parent phase; both are due to a symmetry-conforming short-range ordering tendency of point defects. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3505494] C1 [Deng, Junkai; Ding, Xiangdong; Zhang, Zhen; Sun, Jun] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, Frontier Inst Sci & Technol, Multidisciplinary Mat Res Ctr, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Deng, Junkai; Zhang, Zhen; Suzuki, Tetsuro; Otsuka, Kazuhiro; Ren, Xiaobing] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Ferro Phys Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Ding, Xiangdong; Lookman, Turab; Saxena, Avadh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Deng, JK (reprint author), Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, State Key Lab Mech Behav Mat, Frontier Inst Sci & Technol, Multidisciplinary Mat Res Ctr, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. EM dingxd@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; ren.xiaobing@nims.go.jp RI zhen, zhang/B-8007-2009; Ren, Xiaobing/B-6072-2009; Deng, Junkai/E-2315-2012; Ding, Xiangdong/K-4971-2013; OI Ren, Xiaobing/0000-0002-4973-2486; Ding, Xiangdong/0000-0002-1220-3097; Lookman, Turab/0000-0001-8122-5671 FU NSFC [50771079, 50720145101]; 973 Program of China [2010CB631003]; 111 Project in China; U.S. DOE at LANL [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work was supported by NSFC (Grant Nos. 50771079 and 50720145101), the 973 Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB631003), and 111 Project in China as well as the support from the U.S. DOE at LANL (Grant No. DE-AC52-06NA25396). NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 2010 VL 97 IS 17 AR 171902 DI 10.1063/1.3505494 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 680LO UT WOS:000284233600011 ER EF