FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Grinstein, FF Patnaik, G Wachtor, AJ Nelson, M Brown, M Bos, RJ AF Grinstein, Fernando F. Patnaik, Gopal Wachtor, Adam J. Nelson, Matt Brown, Michael Bos, Randy J. BE Kuerten, H Geurts, B Armenio, V Frohlich, J TI Dispersal and fallout simulations for urban consequences management SO DIRECT AND LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION VIII SE ERCOFTAC Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Workshop on Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation CY JUL 07-09, 2010 CL Eindhoven Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Eindhoven, NETHERLANDS SP Eindhoven Univ Technol, Royal Netherlands Acad Sci, Universiteitsfonds Eindhoven, Netherlands Org Sci Res HO Eindhoven Univ, Dept Mech Engn C1 [Grinstein, Fernando F.; Wachtor, Adam J.; Nelson, Matt; Brown, Michael; Bos, Randy J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grinstein, FF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F644, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM fgrinstein@lanl.gov; patnaik@lcp.nrl.navy.mil OI Wachtor, Adam/0000-0003-0609-9171 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-4309 BN 978-94-007-2481-5 J9 ERCOFTAC SER PY 2011 VL 15 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-2482-2_43 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BGI40 UT WOS:000323091800043 ER PT S AU Lin, CX Ke, YG Chhabra, R Sharma, J Liu, Y Yan, H AF Lin, Chenxiang Ke, Yonggang Chhabra, Rahul Sharma, Jaswinder Liu, Yan Yan, Hao BE Zuccheri, G Samori, B TI Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Assembled DNA Nanostructures SO DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE DNA nanotechnology; Self-assembly; Electrophoresis; Atomic force microscopy ID GOLD NANOPARTICLE ARRAYS; PROTEIN ARRAYS; NANOARCHITECTURES; DESIGN; NANOARRAYS; SURFACE AB The past decade witnessed the fast evolvement of structural DNA nanotechnology, which uses DNA as blueprint and building material to construct artificial nanostructures. Using branched DNA as the main building block (also known as a "tile") and cohesive single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) ends to designate the pairing strategy for tile-tile recognition, one can rationally design and assemble complicated nanoarchitextures from specifically designed DNA oligonucleotides. Objects in both two- and three-dimensions with a large variety of geometries and topologies have been built from DNA with excellent yield; this development enables the construction of DNA-based nanodevices and DNA-template directed organization of other molecular species. The construction of such nanoscale objects constitutes the basis of DNA nanotechnology. This chapter describes the protocol for the preparation of ssDNA as starting material, the self-assembly of DNA nanostructures, and some of the most commonly used methods to characterize the self-assembled DNA nanostructures. C1 [Lin, Chenxiang; Ke, Yonggang] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Lin, Chenxiang] Harvard Univ, Wyss Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Liu, Yan; Yan, Hao] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Biodesign Inst, Tempe, AZ USA. [Chhabra, Rahul] Univ Alberta, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. [Sharma, Jaswinder] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Lin, CX (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dana Farber Canc Inst, 44 Binney St, Boston, MA 02115 USA. OI Lin, Chenxiang/0000-0001-7041-1946 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-141-3 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 749 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-142-0_1 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-142-0 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BVR34 UT WOS:000292531200001 PM 21674361 ER PT S AU Efendiev, Y Galvis, J Vassilevski, PS AF Efendiev, Yalchin Galvis, Juan Vassilevski, Panayot S. BE Huang, YQ Kornhuber, R Widlund, O Xu, JC TI Spectral Element Agglomerate Algebraic Multigrid Methods for Elliptic Problems with High-Contrast Coefficients SO DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING XIX SE Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Domain Decomposition CY AUG 17-22, 2009 CL Xiangtan Univ, Sch Math & Comp Sci, Zhanjiajie, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hunan Key Lab Comp & Simulat Sci & Engn, Xiangtan Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China HO Xiangtan Univ, Sch Math & Comp Sci ID AMGE AB We apply a recently proposed [5] robust overlapping Schwarz method with a certain spectral construction of the coarse space in the setting of element agglomeration algebraic multigrid methods (or agglomeration AMGe) for elliptic problems with high-contrast coefficients. Our goal is to design multilevel iterative methods that converge independent of the contrast in the coefficients. We present simplified bounds for the condition number of the preconditioned operators. These bounds imply convergence that is independent of the contrast. In the presented preliminary numerical tests, we use geometric agglomerates; however, the algorithm is general and offers some simplifications over the previously proposed spectral agglomerate AMGe methods (cf., [2, 3]). C1 [Efendiev, Yalchin; Galvis, Juan] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Vassilevski, Panayot S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Efendiev, Y (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Math, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM efendiev@math.tamu.edu; jugal@math.tamu.edu; vassilevskil@llnl.gov RI GALVIS, JUAN/A-7115-2012 OI GALVIS, JUAN/0000-0001-8904-1877 FU NSF; DOE [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The work of Y.E. is partially supported by NSF and DOE.; The work of this author was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 7 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1439-7358 BN 978-3-642-11303-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMP SCI PY 2011 VL 78 BP 407 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-642-11304-8_47 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Applied SC Engineering; Mathematics GA BUR78 UT WOS:000290181500047 ER PT J AU Hong-Geller, E Li, N AF Hong-Geller, Elizabeth Li, Nan BE Rundfeldt, C TI microRNAs as Therapeutic Targets to Combat Diverse Human Diseases SO DRUG DEVELOPMENT - A CASE STUDY BASED INSIGHT INTO MODERN STRATEGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REGULATORY T-CELLS; IN-VIVO DELIVERY; RNA-INTERFERENCE; MESSENGER-RNA; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; LIPOPHILIC SIRNAS; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRUS; PROTEIN C1 [Hong-Geller, Elizabeth; Li, Nan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hong-Geller, E (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-257-9 PY 2011 BP 163 EP 182 D2 10.5772/2435 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BG1GF UT WOS:000386731500008 ER PT S AU Kwon, WT Kim, SR Il Kim, J Lee, YJ Bhave, RR Kim, Y AF Kwon, Woo-Teck Kim, Soo Ryong Il Kim, Jong Lee, Yoon Joo Bhave, Ramesh R. Kim, Younghee BE Kim, HS Yang, JF Han, CH Thongtem, SC Lee, SW TI Effect of Heat Treatment Temperature and Atmosphere on Micro Structure of Polyphenylcarbosilane SO ECO-MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN XII SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Eco-Materials Processing and Design CY JAN 08-11, 2011 CL Chiang Mai, THAILAND SP JSPS, NSFC, NRF, A3 Foresight Program, Thailands Off Higher Educ Commiss, Chiang Mai Univ, Mat Sci Res Ctr, Fac Sci, Chiang Mai Univ, Nanoscience & Nanotechnol Res Ctr, Fac Sci DE polyphenylcarbosilane; preceramic; heat treatment; ceramic coating; microstructure ID SILICON-CARBIDE; PRECURSOR; MEMBRANE; POLYMER AB Polyphenylcarbosilane (PPCS) was synthesized from thermal rearrangement of the polymethylphenylsilane around 350 similar to 430 degrees C. Characterization of synthesized PPCS was performed with FT-IR spectroscopy analysis. From FT-IR data, the band at 1035cm(-1) is very strong and assigned to CH2 bending vibration in Si-CH2-Si group, indicating the formation of the PPCS. Ceramic thin film was fabricated onto stainless substrate by dip coating using a 20wt% PPCS in toluene. Heat treatment of the samples was performed at various temperatures (600 degrees C and 800 degrees C) under nitrogen atmospheres. The prepared PPCS samples and the coating layers on SUS316 after heat treatment were analyzed using FT-IR and XPS, respectively. C1 [Kwon, Woo-Teck; Kim, Soo Ryong; Il Kim, Jong; Lee, Yoon Joo; Kim, Younghee] Korea Inst Ceram Engn & Technol, Green Ceram Div, 103 Fash Danji Gil, Seoul 153801, South Korea. [Bhave, Ramesh R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kwon, WT (reprint author), Korea Inst Ceram Engn & Technol, Green Ceram Div, 103 Fash Danji Gil, Seoul 153801, South Korea. EM wtkwon@kicet.re.kr; srkim@kicet.re.kr; ecolab@kicet.re.kr; yi-theresal@nate.com; bhaverr@ornl.gov; yhkokim@kicet.re.kr FU Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) - Korea government FX This study was supported by Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT) grant funded by the Korea government. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2011 VL 695 BP 239 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.695.239 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BZR67 UT WOS:000302594800059 ER PT J AU Bond-Lamberty, B Gower, ST Amiro, B Ewers, BE AF Bond-Lamberty, Ben Gower, Stith T. Amiro, Brian Ewers, Brent E. TI Measurement and modelling of bryophyte evaporation in a boreal forest chronosequence SO ECOHYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE boreal forest; black spruce; evapotranspiration; modelling; moss; evaporation ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BLACK SPRUCE FOREST; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LATENT-HEAT FLUX; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PEAT ACCUMULATION; ENERGY-EXCHANGE AB The effects of changing climate and disturbance on forest water cycling are not well understood. In particular, bryophytes contribute significantly to forest evapotranspiration in poorly drained boreal forests, but few studies have directly measured this flux and how it changes with stand age and soil drainage. We measured bryophyte evaporation (E) in the field (in Canadian Picea mariana forests of varying ages and soil drainages) and under controlled laboratory conditions, and modelled daily E using site-specific meteorological data to drive a Penman-Monteith-based model. Field measurements of E averaged 0.37 mm day(-1) and ranged from 0.03 (Pleurozium schreberii in a 77-year-old dry stand) to 1.43 mm day(-1) (Sphagnum riparium in a 43-year-old bog). In the laboratory, moss canopy resistance (which ranged from similar to 0 to 1500 s m(-1)) was constant until a moss water content of similar to 6 g g(-1) and then climbed sharply with further drying; unexpectedly, no difference was observed between the three moss groups (feather mosses, hollow mosses and hummock mosses) tested. Modelled annual E ranged from 0.4 mm day(-1), in the well-drained stands, to similar to 1 mm day(-1) in the 43-year-old bog. The Penman-Monteith modelling approach used was relatively insensitive to most parameters but only explained 35% of the variability in field measurements. Bryophyte E was greater in bogs than in upland stands, was driven by low-lying mosses and varied with stand age only in the poorly drained stands; this suggests that bryophytes may provide a buffering effect to fire-driven changes in tree transpiration. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bond-Lamberty, Ben] DOE Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Gower, Stith T.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Amiro, Brian] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Ewers, Brent E.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Program Ecol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Bond-Lamberty, B (reprint author), DOE Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court,Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bondlamberty@pnl.gov RI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/C-6058-2008 OI Bond-Lamberty, Ben/0000-0001-9525-4633 FU National Science Foundation [DEB-0515957] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to B. E. Ewers, S. T. Gower and B. D. Amiro (DEB-0515957). We thank Julia Angstmann and Scott Peckham for their technical assistance in the field and are grateful for the assistance of Manitoba Conservation. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1936-0584 EI 1936-0592 J9 ECOHYDROLOGY JI Ecohydrology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1002/eco.118 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 718VM UT WOS:000287154500003 ER PT J AU Field, JP Breshears, DD Whicker, JJ Zou, CB AF Field, Jason P. Breshears, David D. Whicker, Jeffrey J. Zou, Chris B. TI Interactive effects of grazing and burning on wind- and water-driven sediment fluxes: rangeland management implications SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE aeolian transport; erosion; fire; fluvial transport; grassland; livestock; resource redistribution; sediment transport; soil ID SOIL-EROSION; DRYLAND ENVIRONMENTS; CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; SEMIARID SHRUBLAND; LAND DEGRADATION; UNITED-STATES; VEGETATION; SCALE; DUST AB Rangelands are globally extensive, provide fundamental ecosystem services, and are tightly coupled human-ecological systems. Rangeland sustainability depends largely on the implementation and utilization of various grazing and burning practices optimized to protect against soil erosion and transport. In many cases, however, land management practices lead to increased soil erosion and sediment fluxes for reasons that are poorly understood. Because few studies have directly measured both wind and water erosion and transport, an assessment of how they may differentially respond to grazing and burning practices is lacking. Here, we report simultaneous, co-located estimates of wind-and water-driven sediment transport in a semiarid grassland in Arizona, USA, over three years for four land management treatments: control, grazed, burned, and burned + grazed. For all treatments and most years, annual rates of wind-driven sediment transport exceeded that of water due to a combination of ongoing small but nontrivial wind events and larger, less frequent, wind events that generally preceded the monsoon season. Sediment fluxes by both wind and water differed consistently by treatment: burned + grazed. burned >> grazed > control, with effects immediately apparent after burning but delayed after grazing until the following growing season. Notably, the wind : water sediment transport ratio decreased following burning but increased following grazing. Our results show how rangeland practices disproportionally alter sediment fluxes driven by wind and water, differences that could potentially help explain divergence between rangeland sustainability and degradation. C1 [Field, Jason P.; Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Breshears, David D.] Univ Arizona, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Whicker, Jeffrey J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Programs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Zou, Chris B.] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Field, JP (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jpfield@email.arizona.edu RI Zou, Chris/A-5039-2010 OI Zou, Chris/0000-0003-0080-2866 FU Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station; U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [CSREES 2005-38420-15809]; National Science Foundation [NSF-DEB 0816162]; Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX We thank Chris McDonald and Guy McPherson for establishing the treatments and experiment design. This study was supported by the Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station (DDB), the U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (D. D. Breshears, J. P. Field; CSREES 2005-38420-15809), the National Science Foundation (J. P. Field, D. D. Breshears; NSF-DEB 0816162), and the Department of Energy (J. J. Whicker; DE-AC52-06NA25396). NR 78 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 22 EP 32 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 741FW UT WOS:000288850200004 PM 21516885 ER PT J AU Garten, CT Iversen, CM Norby, RJ AF Garten, Charles T., Jr. Iversen, Colleen M. Norby, Richard J. TI Litterfall N-15 abundance indicates declining soil nitrogen availability in a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon-climate feedbacks; elevated CO2; forest litterfall; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); Liquidambar styraciflua; nitrogen availability; progressive nitrogen limitation; stable isotope; sweetgum ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; ELEVATED CO2; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; SWEETGUM PLANTATION; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; DECIDUOUS FOREST; RESPONSES; LIMITATION AB Forest productivity increases in response to carbon dioxide (CO2) enrichment of the atmosphere. However, in nitrogen-limited ecosystems, increased productivity may cause a decline in soil nitrogen (N) availability and induce a negative feedback on further enhancement of forest production. In a free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiment, the response of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) productivity to elevated CO2 concentrations [CO2] has declined over time, but documenting an associated change in soil N availability has been difficult. Here we assess the time history of soil N availability through analysis of natural N-15 abundance in archived samples of freshly fallen leaf litterfall. Litterfall delta N-15 declined from 1998 to 2005, and the rate of decline was significantly faster in elevated [CO2]. Declining leaf litterfall delta N-15 is indicative of a tighter ecosystem N cycle and more limited soil N availability. By integrating N availability over time and throughout the soil profile, temporal dynamics in leaf litterfall delta N-15 provide a powerful tool for documenting changes in N availability and the critical feedbacks between C and N cycles that will control forest response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. C1 [Garten, Charles T., Jr.; Iversen, Colleen M.; Norby, Richard J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garten, CT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gartenctjr@ornl.gov RI Norby, Richard/C-1773-2012; Iversen, Colleen/B-8983-2012 OI Norby, Richard/0000-0002-0238-9828; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX Research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. We thank Aimee T. Classen (University of Tennessee, Knoxville) and Paul Hanson (ORNL) for their helpful reviews of the draft manuscript and Deanne J. Brice (ORNL) for technical support. NR 41 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 62 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 750MS UT WOS:000289552200015 PM 21560683 ER PT J AU van der Leeuw, S Costanza, R Aulenbach, S Brewer, S Burek, M Cornell, S Crumley, C Dearing, JA Downy, C Graumlich, LJ Heckbert, S Hegmon, M Hibbard, K Jackson, ST Kubiszewski, I Sinclair, P Sorlin, S Steffen, W AF van der Leeuw, Sander Costanza, Robert Aulenbach, Steve Brewer, Simon Burek, Michael Cornell, Sarah Crumley, Carole Dearing, John A. Downy, Catherine Graumlich, Lisa J. Heckbert, Scott Hegmon, Michelle Hibbard, Kathy Jackson, Stephen T. Kubiszewski, Ida Sinclair, Paul Sorlin, Sverker Steffen, Will TI Toward an Integrated History to Guide the Future SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE agency; anthropocene; backcasting; causality; contingency; holistic approach; integrated history; long-term perspective; resilience; social and ecological systems ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; LONG; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY AB Many contemporary societal challenges manifest themselves in the domain of human-environment interactions. There is a growing recognition that responses to these challenges formulated within current disciplinary boundaries, in isolation from their wider contexts, cannot adequately address them. Here, we outline the need for an integrated, transdisciplinary synthesis that allows for a holistic approach, and, above all, a much longer time perspective. We outline both the need for and the fundamental characteristics of what we call "integrated history." This approach promises to yield new understandings of the relationship between the past, present, and possible futures of our integrated human-environment system. We recommend a unique new focus of our historical efforts on the future, rather than the past, concentrated on learning about future possibilities from history. A growing worldwide community of transdisciplinary scholars is forming around building this Integrated History and future of People on Earth (IHOPE). Building integrated models of past human societies and their interactions with their environments yields new insights into those interactions and can help to create a more sustainable and desirable future. The activity has become a major focus within the global change community. C1 [van der Leeuw, Sander; Hegmon, Michelle] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Costanza, Robert; Heckbert, Scott; Kubiszewski, Ida] Portland State Univ, Inst Sustainable Solut, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Brewer, Simon] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Cornell, Sarah; Downy, Catherine] Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Crumley, Carole] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Crumley, Carole; Sorlin, Sverker] Stockholm Resilience Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. [Dearing, John A.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Graumlich, Lisa J.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hibbard, Kathy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Jackson, Stephen T.] Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Sinclair, Paul] Uppsala Univ, Uppsala, Sweden. [Sorlin, Sverker] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Steffen, Will] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP van der Leeuw, S (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Cornell, Sarah/A-6502-2011; Dearing, John/E-4206-2010; Costanza, Robert/A-4912-2008; Cornell, Sarah/F-7003-2014; Kubiszewski, Ida/A-5146-2012; OI Cornell, Sarah/0000-0003-4367-1296; Costanza, Robert/0000-0001-6348-8734; Cornell, Sarah/0000-0003-4367-1296; Kubiszewski, Ida/0000-0003-3264-7899; Aulenbach, Steve/0000-0002-0172-6538 FU National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; Uppsala University; Stockholm Resilience Center; University of Bristol; Arizona State University; Portland State University FX This work was conducted as a part of the Integrated History and Future of People on Earth (IHOPE) Working Group supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts. We also acknowledge Uppsala University, the Stockholm Resilience Center, the Quest program at the University of Bristol, Arizona State University, and Portland State University for support of this work and the IHOPE initiative generally. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 44 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2011 VL 16 IS 4 AR 2 DI 10.5751/ES-04341-160402 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 872WS UT WOS:000298841900010 ER PT J AU Newes, E Inman, D Bush, B AF Newes, Emily Inman, Daniel Bush, Brian BE Bernardes, MAD TI Understanding the Developing Cellulosic Biofuels Industry through Dynamic Modeling SO ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Newes, Emily; Inman, Daniel; Bush, Brian] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Newes, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-178-7 PY 2011 BP 373 EP 404 D2 10.5772/697 PG 32 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Agriculture; Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BG0RD UT WOS:000386478100019 ER PT J AU Tekabe, Y Shen, XP Luma, J Weisenberger, D Yan, SF Haubner, R Schmidt, AM Johnson, L AF Tekabe, Yared Shen, Xiaoping Luma, Joane Weisenberger, Drew Yan, Shi Fang Haubner, Roland Schmidt, Ann Marie Johnson, Lynne TI Imaging the effect of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts on angiogenic response to hindlimb ischemia in diabetes SO EJNMMI RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB Background: Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) expression contributes to the impaired angiogenic response to limb ischemia in diabetes. The aim of this study was to detect the effect of increased expression of RAGE on the angiogenic response to limb ischemia in diabetes by targeting alpha(v)beta(3) integrin with Tc-99m-labeled Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). Methods: Male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were either made diabetic or left as control for 2 months when they underwent femoral artery ligation. Four groups were studied at days 3 to 7 after ligation: WT without diabetes (NDM) (n = 14), WT with diabetes (DM) (n = 14), RAGE(-/-) NDM (n = 16), and RAGE(-/-) DM (n = 14). Mice were injected with Tc-99m-HYNIC-RGD and imaged. Count ratios for ischemic/non-ischemic limbs were measured. Muscle was stained for RAGE, alpha(v)beta(3), and lectins. Results: There was no difference in count ratio between RAGE(-/-) and WT NDM groups. Mean count ratio was lower for WT DM (1.38 +/- 0.26) vs. WT NDM (1.91 +/- 0.34) (P<0.001). Mean count ratio was lower for the RAGE(-/-) DM group than for RAGE(-/-) NDM group (1.75 +/- 0.22 vs. 2.02 +/- 0.29) (P<0.001) and higher than for the WT DM group (P<0.001). Immunohistopathology supported the scan findings. Conclusions: In vivo imaging of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin can detect the effect of RAGE on the angiogenic response to limb ischemia in diabetes. C1 [Tekabe, Yared; Luma, Joane; Johnson, Lynne] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Shen, Xiaoping; Yan, Shi Fang; Schmidt, Ann Marie] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Shen, Xiaoping; Yan, Shi Fang; Schmidt, Ann Marie] NYU, Med Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. [Weisenberger, Drew] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Haubner, Roland] Med Univ Innsbruck, Dept Nucl Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Johnson, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM lj2129@columbia.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL060901] NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2191-219X J9 EJNMMI RES JI EJNMMI Res. PY 2011 VL 1 AR 3 DI 10.1186/2191-219X-1-3 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA V39UJ UT WOS:000209435600003 PM 22214528 ER PT J AU Heydt, GT Vittal, V Malhara, S Makarov, YV Zhou, N Etingov, PV AF Heydt, G. T. Vittal, V. Malhara, S. Makarov, Y. V. Zhou, N. Etingov, P. V. TI Characterization and Impact of Extreme Forecast Errors on Power Systems SO ELECTRIC POWER COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE wind energy; renewable generation; wind forecast; generation reserve; forecast error ID CAPACITY; DEMAND AB Extreme events in the electrical power system, caused by the load and wind forecasting errors, can impact the power system infrastructure via two main avenues. The first avenue is a sudden and significant power unbalance exceeding reasonable operating reserve capacity. The second is a sudden increase of power flows on the system critical paths causing transmission violations. The challenge in managing these system unbalances is more significant for a stand-alone balancing area operation. The consolidation of balancing authorities into a single balancing area can offset the operating reserve problem, but this strategy enhances incremental power flows on the transmission interfaces, potentially leading to more unpredictable transmission congestion. This article evaluates the expectation of occurrence of extreme events due to forecast error extremes using California Independent System Operator and Bonneville Power Administration data. Having this type of information, independent system operators and operating utilities could be better prepared to address the extreme events by exploring alternative reserve options, such as wide-area control coordination, new operating procedures, and remedial actions. C1 [Heydt, G. T.; Vittal, V.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. [Malhara, S.] Vestas Technol R&D Amer, Houston, TX USA. [Makarov, Y. V.; Zhou, N.; Etingov, P. V.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Heydt, GT (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, POB 875706, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA. EM heydt@asu.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1532-5008 J9 ELECTR POW COMPO SYS JI Electr. Power Compon. Syst. PY 2011 VL 39 IS 15 BP 1685 EP 1700 DI 10.1080/15325008.2011.608766 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 887RC UT WOS:000299945500006 ER PT J AU Riley, LA Cavanagh, AS George, SM Lee, SH Dillon, AC AF Riley, Leah A. Cavanagh, Andrew S. George, Steven M. Lee, Se-Hee Dillon, Anne C. TI Improved Mechanical Integrity of ALD-Coated Composite Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; ANODE; NANOPARTICLES; BINDER; CREEP; FILMS AB Mechanical properties of MoO(3) composite anodes coated with Al(2)O(3) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) were examined using nanoindentation and nanoscratching. Significant improvement in adhesion to the current collector for the ALD-coated MoO(3) is observed. This improved adhesion enables enhanced electrical conductivity for these high capacity/high volume expansion materials, suggesting the potential of these coatings for high-energy density Li-ion batteries suitable for vehicular applications. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3529367] All rights reserved. C1 [Riley, Leah A.; Lee, Se-Hee] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cavanagh, Andrew S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Riley, Leah A.; Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Riley, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Anne.dillon@nrel.gov RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; George, Steven/O-2163-2013 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184 FU U.S. Department of Energy through DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of the Vehicle Technologies Program [DE-AC36-08GO28308]; DARPA/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program [HR0011-06-1-0048] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy under subcontract no. DE-AC36-08GO28308 through the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office of the Vehicle Technologies Program. S. M. G. and A. S. C. thank the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/NanoElectromechanical Transducers (iMINT), and are funded by DARPA/MEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (HR0011-06-1-0048). We acknowledge Rachel Paietta and Dr. Virginia Ferguson for assistance with the nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 5 U2 39 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 3 BP A29 EP A31 DI 10.1149/1.3529367 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 703JL UT WOS:000285974100002 ER PT J AU Trahey, L Johnson, CS Vaughey, JT Kang, SH Hardwick, LJ Freunberger, SA Bruce, PG Thackeray, MM AF Trahey, L. Johnson, C. S. Vaughey, J. T. Kang, S. -H. Hardwick, L. J. Freunberger, S. A. Bruce, P. G. Thackeray, M. M. TI Activated Lithium-Metal-Oxides as Catalytic Electrodes for Li-O-2 Cells SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE OXIDES; ION BATTERIES; ELECTROLYTES; SOLVENTS; CATHODE; MN AB Lithium-metal oxides with a high formal Li2O content, such as Li5FeO4 (5Li2O center dot Fe2O3) and a Li2MnO3 center dot LiFeO2 composite ({Li2O center dot MnO2}center dot{Li2O center dot Fe(2)O(3)g) have been explored as electrocatalysts for primary and rechargeable Li-O-2 cells. Activation occurs predominantly by Li2O removal, either electrochemically or chemically by acid-treatment. Superior electrochemical behavior is obtained if activation occurs by acid-treatment; Li2MnO3 center dot LiFeO2 catalysts provide 2516 mAh/g (carbon) corresponding to 931 mAh/g (electrocatalyst + carbon) during the initial discharge. The reaction is reasonably reversible during the early cycles. The approach has implications for designing electrocatalysts that participate through electrochemical Li2O extraction/reformation reactions, offering exceptionally high capacities. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3555366] All rights reserved. C1 [Trahey, L.; Johnson, C. S.; Vaughey, J. T.; Kang, S. -H.; Thackeray, M. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hardwick, L. J.; Freunberger, S. A.; Bruce, P. G.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Chem, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, Scotland. RP Trahey, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM trahey@anl.gov RI Freunberger, Stefan/F-5221-2012; OI Freunberger, Stefan/0000-0003-2902-5319; Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 FU U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy is gratefully acknowledged. Elemental analysis using ICP-OES was provided by Alice Essling and Seema Naik of Argonne's Analytical Chemistry Laboratory.; The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 22 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 9 U2 123 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 5 BP A64 EP A66 DI 10.1149/1.3555366 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 731SE UT WOS:000288128800002 ER PT J AU Xun, S Song, X Grass, ME Roseguo, DK Liu, Z Battaglia, VS Liu, G AF Xun, S. Song, X. Grass, M. E. Roseguo, D. K. Liu, Z. Battaglia, V. S. Liu, G. TI Improved Initial Performance of Si Nanoparticles by Surface Oxide Reduction for Lithium-Ion Battery Application SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; SILICON; ANODES; ELECTRODES; STORAGE AB This study characterizes the native oxide layer of Si nanoparticles and evaluates its effect on their performance for Li-ion batteries. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were applied to identify the chemical state and morphology of the native oxide layer. Elemental and thermogravimetric analysis were used to estimate the oxide content for the Si samples. Hydrofluoric acid was used to reduce the oxide layer. A correlation between etching time and oxide content was established. The initial electrochemical performances indicate that the reversible capacity of etched Si nanoparticles was enhanced significantly compared with that of the as-received Si sample. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3559765] All rights reserved. C1 [Xun, S.; Song, X.; Battaglia, V. S.; Liu, G.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Grass, M. E.; Liu, Z.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. [Roseguo, D. K.] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Aerosp Engn, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. RP Xun, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. EM gliu@lbl.gov RI Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Advanced Light Source Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX This work was funded by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. TEM and XPS were performed at National Center for Electron Microscopy and the Molecular Foundry, funded by Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. MEG is supported by the Advanced Light Source Postdoctoral Fellowship program. DKR was a summer intern at LBNL through the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship program. W. Maria Wang performed advanced editing of the manuscript. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 EI 1944-8775 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 5 BP A61 EP A63 DI 10.1149/1.3559765 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 731SE UT WOS:000288128800001 ER PT J AU Saraf, LV AF Saraf, Laxmikant V. TI Imaging Chemical Aggregation of Ni/NiO Particles from Reduced NiO-YSZ SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-OXIDE; REDUCTION; HYDROGEN; MICROSTRUCTURE; ANODE; KINETICS AB Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping of nickel oxide yttria-stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) was carried out after various hydrogen reducing and methane steam reforming conditions. Nickel aggregation was visualized after methane steam reforming by correlating Ni K alpha map with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. From the reduced O K alpha intensities in the Ni K alpha dominated regions after methane steam reforming, NiO reduction in to Ni can be interpreted. From correlation between Zr K alpha and O K alpha maps, high stability of YSZ was also realized. Examples of NiO-YSZ overlapped particles are considered to discuss chemical imaging of a single particle. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3610426] All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Saraf, LV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Lax.Saraf@pnl.gov FU DOE's Office of Fossil Energy; BER [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX The author would like to thank Dr. J.J. Strohm and Dr. D. L. King for providing NiO-YSZ samples prepared under the partial financial support from Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) program of DOE's Office of Fossil Energy. The research was performed using microscopy resources at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility from DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the US DOE. The funding support is provided by BER through the grant DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 10 BP B100 EP B104 DI 10.1149/1.3610426 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 824OM UT WOS:000295211600009 ER PT J AU Raja, KS Smith, YR Kondamudi, N Manivannan, A Misra, M Subramanian, V AF Raja, K. S. Smith, Y. R. Kondamudi, N. Manivannan, A. Misra, M. Subramanian, Vaidyanathan (Ravi) TI CO2 Photoreduction in the Liquid Phase over Pd-Supported on TiO2 Nanotube and Bismuth Titanate Photocatalysts SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACID FUEL-CELLS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; REDUCTION; CATALYSTS; TITANIUM; OXIDATION AB A comparison of two film-based photocatalysts-anodized titanium oxide nanotubes (T-NT) and bismuth titanate (BTO) decorated with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles-for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the liquid phase is presented. CO2 photoreduction was performed by illuminating a CO2-saturated H2SO4 solution in the presence of Pd_T-NT and Pd_BTO. The formation of formic acid as at least one of the products is clearly evident from cyclic voltammetry and confirmed using chromatographic analysis. Pd_BTO shows approximately a 2-fold increase in the formic acid yield compared to Pd_T-NT. Preliminary Mott-Schottky analysis attributes this improvement to better charge separation in Pd_BTO. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3543567] All rights reserved. C1 [Raja, K. S.; Smith, Y. R.; Kondamudi, N.; Misra, M.; Subramanian, Vaidyanathan (Ravi)] Univ Nevada, Dept Chem & Met Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Manivannan, A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Raja, KS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem & Met Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ravisv@unr.edu RI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/A-2227-2012; gao, erping/D-4499-2011; kondamudi, narasimha/L-9978-2015 OI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/0000-0003-0676-7918; kondamudi, narasimha/0000-0003-3998-0707 FU Department of Energy; [EE000027] FX R.S.V. greatly appreciates the funding from the Department of Energy. Funding Award No. EE000027. The contribution from Sohana Khanal is acknowledged. Dr. Mojthaba helped with the SEM analysis. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 5 BP F5 EP F8 DI 10.1149/1.3543567 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 731SE UT WOS:000288128800014 ER PT J AU Cho, NG Seo, H Kim, DH Kim, HG Kim, J Kim, ID AF Cho, Nam Gyu Seo, Hyungtak Kim, Dong Hun Kim, Ho-Gi Kim, Jinwoo Kim, Il-Doo TI Characterization on Bandedge Electronic Structure of MgO Added Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 Gate Dielectrics for ZnO-Thin Film Transistors SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSPARENT; INSULATOR AB Significantly reduced leakage current characteristics of the Bi1.5Zn1.0Nb1.5O7 (BZN) gate dielectric for producing high-performance ZnO-thin film transistors (TFTs) were achieved by an addition of MgO (30 atom %). The overall TFT parameters using MgO-BZN gate insulator against those that used pure BZN dielectric were enhanced remarkably. The diphasic MgO-BZN composite oxide structure was confirmed by an analysis of the spectroscopically detected bandedge electronic structures. The bandgap energy of MgO-BZN was identical to that of BZN at similar to 3.3 eV, but the Fermi energy level was shifted to 1.2 eV from 0.6 eV for BZN against the valence bandedge. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3508481] All rights reserved. C1 [Cho, Nam Gyu; Kim, Il-Doo] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Optelect Mat Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. [Cho, Nam Gyu; Kim, Ho-Gi] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Seo, Hyungtak] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Seo, Hyungtak] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kim, Dong Hun] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kim, Jinwoo] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Cho, NG (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Optelect Mat Ctr, Seoul 130650, South Korea. EM hseo@lbl.gov; idkim@kist.re.kr RI Kim, Il-Doo/C-1850-2011; Kim, Jinwoo/G-7223-2012 FU KIST [2E21632] FX This work was supported by KIST research program (grant no. 2E21632). NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 1 BP G4 EP G7 DI 10.1149/1.3508481 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 681LT UT WOS:000284317600013 ER PT J AU Lo, CF Liu, L Kang, TS Davies, R Gila, BP Pearton, SJ Kravchenko, II Laboutin, O Cao, Y Johnson, WJ Ren, F AF Lo, Chien-Fong Liu, Lu Kang, Tsung-Sheng Davies, Ryan Gila, Brent P. Pearton, S. J. Kravchenko, I. I. Laboutin, O. Cao, Yu Johnson, Wayne J. Ren, Fan TI Improvement of Off-State Stress Critical Voltage by Using Pt-Gated AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCHOTTKY CONTACTS; OHMIC CONTACTS; HEMTS; GAN; DEGRADATION; RELIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; MECHANISM; MBE AB By replacing the commonly used Ni/Au gate metallization with Pt/Ti/Au, the critical voltage for degradation of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) during off-state biasing stress was significantly increased. The typical critical voltage for HEMTs with Ni/Au gate metallization was around -55 V. By sharp contrast, no critical voltage was observed for the HEMTs with Pt/Ti/Au gate metallization, even up -100 V, which was the instrumental limitation in this experiment. Both Schottky forward and reverse gate characteristics of the Ni/Au degraded once the gate voltage passed the critical voltage of -55 V. There was no degradation exhibited for the HEMTs with Pt-gated HEMTs. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3578388] All rights reserved. C1 [Lo, Chien-Fong; Liu, Lu; Kang, Tsung-Sheng; Ren, Fan] Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Davies, Ryan; Gila, Brent P.; Pearton, S. J.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Kravchenko, I. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Laboutin, O.; Cao, Yu; Johnson, Wayne J.] Kopin Corp, Taunton, MA 02780 USA. RP Lo, CF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM ren@che.ufl.edu RI Cao, Yu/E-4990-2011; LIU, LU/H-2307-2013; Kravchenko, Ivan/K-3022-2015 OI LIU, LU/0000-0001-7256-3775; Kravchenko, Ivan/0000-0003-4999-5822 FU AFOSR MURI; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX The work performed at UF is supported by an AFOSR MURI monitored by Gregg Jessen and Kitt Reinhardt. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PY 2011 VL 14 IS 7 BP H264 EP H267 DI 10.1149/1.3578388 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 759VK UT WOS:000290276400012 ER PT J AU Lamaka, SV Taryba, M Montemor, MF Isaacs, HS Ferreira, MGS AF Lamaka, S. V. Taryba, M. Montemor, M. F. Isaacs, H. S. Ferreira, M. G. S. TI Quasi-simultaneous measurements of ionic currents by vibrating probe and pH distribution by ion-selective microelectrode SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE SVET; Simultaneous; pH; Vibrating probe; SIET ID CORROSION PROTECTION; GALVANIZED STEEL; CUT EDGE; SVET; MICROSCOPY; COMPOSITES; ALUMINUM; ALLOY AB This work reports a new methodology to measure quasi-simultaneously the local electric fields and the distribution of specific ions in a solution via selective microelectrodes. The field produced by the net electric current was detected using the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) with quasi-simultaneous measurements of pH with an ion-selective microelectrode (pH-SME). The measurements were performed in a validation cell providing a 48 mu m diameter Pt wire cross section as a source of electric current. A time lag between acquiring each current density and pH data-point was 1.5 s due to the response time of pH-SME. The quasi-simultaneous SVET-pH measurements that correlate electrochemical oxidation-reduction processes with acid-base chemical equilibria are reported for the first time. No cross-talk between the vibrating microelectrode and the ion-selective microelectrode could be detected under given experimental conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lamaka, S. V.; Taryba, M.; Montemor, M. F.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, ICEMS, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. [Isaacs, H. S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Ferreira, M. G. S.] Univ Aveiro, CICECO, Dep Ceram & Glass Eng, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. RP Lamaka, SV (reprint author), Univ Tecn Lisboa, ICEMS, Inst Super Tecn, Av Rovisco Pais 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal. EM sviatlana.lamaka@ist.utl.pt RI Lamaka, Svetlana/D-4259-2014; Ferreira, Mario/D-5869-2014; MONTEMOR, FATIMA/D-8976-2012; OI Ferreira, Mario/0000-0002-2071-9851; MONTEMOR, FATIMA/0000-0001-7835-6814; Lamaka, Sviatlana/0000-0002-0349-0899 FU Portuguese FCT [PTDC/CTM/65632/2006, PTDC/CTM/108446/2008]; U.S. Department of Energy, Divisions of Chemical and Material Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The financial support of the Portuguese FCT, through projects PTDC/CTM/65632/2006 and PTDC/CTM/108446/2008 is gratefully acknowledged. Work of HSI was assisted by the U.S. Department of Energy, Divisions of Chemical and Material Sciences under the Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Advice and maintenance of the SVET/SIET system by Alan M. Shipley of Applicable Electronics is also acknowledged. NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.elecom.2010.11.002 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 715AY UT WOS:000286854000006 ER PT J AU Shin, HC Nam, KW Chang, WY Cho, BW Yoon, WS Yang, XQ Chung, KY AF Shin, Ho Chul Nam, Kyung Wan Chang, Won Young Cho, Byung Won Yoon, Won-Sub Yang, Xiao-Qing Chung, Kyung Yoon TI Comparative studies on C-coated and uncoated LiFePO4 cycling at various rates and temperatures using synchrotron based in situ X-ray diffraction SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE LiFePO4; In situ X-ray diffraction; Low temperature performance; Rate performance; Lithium secondary batteries ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; PHOSPHO-OLIVINES; ELECTRODES; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; LIXFEPO4 AB The structural changes of LiFePO4 and C-coated LiFePO4 during charging at various C-rates and temperatures are investigated using synchrotron based in situ X-ray diffraction technique. The XRD patterns collected during cycling show the structural evidence of the positive effects of carbon coating on LiFePO4 for the electrochemical performance improvements at different temperatures, especially at low temperatures. At -10 degrees C, the C-coated LiFePO4 shows comparable capacities with the sample cycled at room temperature when cycled at C/5 rate with a slight shift of the plateau to a higher voltage during charging. The in situ XRD patterns collected simultaneously show a complete phase transformation from triphylite to heterosite. At -20 degrees C, the C-coated LiFePO4 delivers 55.6% of its theoretical capacities at C/5 rate. However, the plateau in the charging curve becomes sloppy and shifts to a higher voltage. The in situ XRD patterns show that the phase transformation from triphylite to heterosite is not completed when charged to 4.5 V due to the larger polarization when charged at -20 degrees C. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shin, Ho Chul; Chang, Won Young; Cho, Byung Won; Chung, Kyung Yoon] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Battery Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Nam, Kyung Wan; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Yoon, Won-Sub] Kookmin Univ, Sch Adv Mat Engn, Seoul 136702, South Korea. RP Chung, KY (reprint author), Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Adv Battery Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. EM kychung@kist.re.kr RI Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011 OI Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [2010-00351]; Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The work done at KIST was supported by Global Research Lab. Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) (grant number: 2010-00351). The work done at BNL was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 EI 1873-3859 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1182 EP 1189 DI 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.087 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 746EL UT WOS:000289225400025 ER PT B AU Bae, YS Joung, M Yang, HL Namkung, W Cho, MH Park, H Prater, R Ellis, RA Hosea, J AF Bae, Young-Soon Joung, M. Yang, H. L. Namkung, W. Cho, M. H. Park, H. Prater, R. Ellis, R. A. Hosea, J. BE Prater, R TI RAY TRACING STUDY OF 170GHZ ELECTRON CYCLOTRON WAVES IN KSTAR PLASMAS SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci AB The electron cyclotron heating/current drive (ECH/ECCD) system has become an essential tool for the fusion plasma research in toroidal devices. In Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak, development of high power and multi-frequency ECH/ECCD system is in progress. The frequencies employed in KSTAR are 84 GHz, 110 GHz, and 170 GHz. Multiple frequency sources can easily support the wide range of operating regimes from 1.5 T to 3.5 T in KSTAR tokamak. In particular, the 170 GHz source, that will be adapted to the ITER, corresponds to the second harmonic frequency of the KSTAR operating range from 2.6 T to 3.5 T. This frequency will be mainly used for the control of the local plasma current profile to manipulate the internal MED instabilities such as the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) critical in high-beta plasma operation. This paper presents simulated ray tracings of the 170 GHz EC waves for a various plasma conditions in KSTAR. The TORAY-GA ray tracing code is used, along with Interactive Data Language (IDL) procedures that create the input files, to study the effect of ECH/ECCD on the plasma equilibrium profiles as a function of the initial density and temperature profiles and of toroidal field. C1 [Bae, Young-Soon] Natl Fus Res Inst, Gwahangno 113, Daejeon 305333, South Korea. [Joung, M.; Yang, H. L.] Natl Fus Res Inst, Daejeon 305333, South Korea. [Namkung, W.; Cho, M. H.; Park, H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Prater, R.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Ellis, R. A.; Hosea, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bae, YS (reprint author), Natl Fus Res Inst, Gwahangno 113, Daejeon 305333, South Korea. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300015 ER PT B AU Taylor, G AF Taylor, G. BE Prater, R TI SUMMARY OF ECE PRESENTATIONS AT EC-16 SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci AB At the EC-16 workshop there were 17 presentations primarily on ECE and an invited talk on EBE. There was also a discussion session on the ITER ECE diagnostic system design. ECE imaging, correlation ECE, oblique ECE and EBE imaging diagnostic performance has continued to improve since EC-15. There have been some interesting developments in ECE receiver technology and data analysis that show promise for the future. There is still a need to agree on some potentially critical details of the ITER ECE diagnostic design, and it remains unclear how important the Thomson scattering/ECE discrepancy, seen previously on TFTR and JET, will be for ITER. C1 [Taylor, G.] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300020 ER PT B AU Wan, BN Ling, BL Ang, T Yong, L Li, EZ Xiang, H Yu, CX Liu, WD Wen, YZ Xie, JL Xu, XY Wang, J Xu, M Gao, BX Luhmann, NC Domier, CW Tobias, BJ Wang, J Xia, ZG Shen, ZW Philippe, P Gentle, K Rowan, W Huang, H Prater, R Taylor, G AF Wan, Baonian Ling, Bili Ang, Ti Yong, Liu Li Erzhong Xiang, Han Yu, Changxuan Liu, Wandong Wen, Yizhi Xie, Jinlin Xu, Xiaoyuan Wang, Jun Xu, Ming Gao, Binxi Luhmann, N. C. Domier, C. W. Tobias, Benjamin John Wang, Jian Xia, Zhenggang Shen, Zuowei Philippe, Perry Gentle, Kenneth Rowan, William Huang, He Prater, Ron Taylor, Gary BE Prater, R TI EC PROGRAM ON EAST AND HT-7 SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci ID ELECTRON-TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS; DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM; TOKAMAK AB Program of ECH of 4MW at 140 GHz is launched for pressure and current density profile control on EAST. Several ECE diagnostics are under development as important ingredient of the research program of EAST. HT-7 is equipped with a heterodyne radiometer containing 16 channels and a ECE image system with 8(radial)x16(vertical) channels. Physical issues including fluctuation by electron and ion modes, low frequency Zonal Flow, magnetic reconnection mechanism, anomalous Doppler resonance effect, etc were investigated on HT-7. These two systems have been moved to EAST after some modifications. New ECE systems including a 32-channel ECE system covering 104-168 GHz and a ECEI system of 24(radial)x16(vertical) channels are under developing. These two systems are designed to fit the ECH plasma regimes and synergetic work for long range correlation research of plasma turbulence. A grating polychromator ECE system will be installed soon for Te profile measurement covering whole operation range of toroidal magnetic field on EAST. C1 [Wan, Baonian; Ling, Bili; Ang, Ti; Yong, Liu; Li Erzhong; Xiang, Han] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Yu, Changxuan; Liu, Wandong; Wen, Yizhi; Xie, Jinlin; Xu, Xiaoyuan; Wang, Jun; Xu, Ming; Gao, Binxi] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei, Peoples R China. [Luhmann, N. C.; Domier, C. W.; Tobias, Benjamin John; Wang, Jian; Xia, Zhenggang; Shen, Zuowei] UC, Davis, CA USA. [Philippe, Perry; Gentle, Kenneth; Rowan, William; Huang, He] UT Austin, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX USA. [Prater, Ron] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. [Taylor, Gary] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wan, BN (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [10725523, 10990212, 10721505] FX Work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10725523, No. 10990212 and No. 10721505. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 155 EP 167 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300021 ER PT B AU Udintsev, VS Vayakis, G Cantone, B Encheva, A Walker, C Benchikhoune, M Costley, AE Dammann, A Henderson, MA Kuehn, I Lee, CH Levesy, B Martin, A Patel, KM Pitcher, CS Tesini, A Utin, Y Walsh, MJ Danani, S Pandya, H Vasu, P Austin, M Rowan, W Feder, R Johnson, D Shelukhin, D Vershkov, V Counsell, G Ingesson, C Arshad, S AF Udintsev, V. S. Vayakis, G. Cantone, B. Encheva, A. Walker, C. Benchikhoune, M. Costley, A. E. Dammann, A. Henderson, M. A. Kuehn, I. Lee, C. H. Levesy, B. Martin, A. Patel, K. M. Pitcher, C. S. Tesini, A. Utin, Y. Walsh, M. J. Danani, S. Pandya, H. Vasu, P. Austin, M. Rowan, W. Feder, R. Johnson, D. Shelukhin, D. Vershkov, V. Counsell, G. Ingesson, Ch. Arshad, S. BE Prater, R TI PROGRESS IN INTERGRATION OF ITER MICROWAVE DIAGNOSTICS SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci AB This paper reports on the current status of integration of ITER microwave diagnostics, such as ECE, reflectometry systems and Collective Thomson scattering, and gives an outlook on the upcoming technical and design activity. Some open issues are addressed and discussed. C1 [Udintsev, V. S.; Vayakis, G.; Cantone, B.; Encheva, A.; Walker, C.; Benchikhoune, M.; Costley, A. E.; Dammann, A.; Henderson, M. A.; Kuehn, I.; Lee, C. H.; Levesy, B.; Martin, A.; Patel, K. M.; Pitcher, C. S.; Tesini, A.; Utin, Y.; Walsh, M. J.] ITER Org, Route Vinon CS 90 046, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Danani, S.; Pandya, H.; Vasu, P.] Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India. [Austin, M.; Rowan, W.] Univ Texas Austin, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Feder, R.; Johnson, D.] Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Shelukhin, D.; Vershkov, V.] RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Counsell, G.; Ingesson, Ch.; Arshad, S.] Fus Energy, Barcelona 08019, Spain. RP Udintsev, VS (reprint author), ITER Org, Route Vinon CS 90 046, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 196 EP 201 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300026 ER PT B AU Liu, Y Li, EZ Ling, BL Ti, A Han, X Taylor, G AF Liu Yong Li Erzhong Ling Bili Ti Ang Han Xiang Taylor, Gary BE Prater, R TI Recent progress of the 20-channel grating polychromator on EAST SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON EMISSION; ALCATOR-C TOKAMAK; RADIOMETER; PLASMA AB A 20-channel grating polychromator transferred from PPPL, has been re-built for electron cyclotron emission measurements on EAST. This instrument measures the second harmonic electron cyclotron emission from plasma with frequency range from 90 GHz to 250 GHz, which corresponds to a central magnetic field (R-0=1.7 m) of 2-3.5 T. The radial resolution is around 2.5 cm. New pre-amplifiers are made and tested, based on the electronics of GPC-II on TFTR. These amplifiers have a gain of around 520, with a 400 kHz 3 dB roll off frequency. C1 [Liu Yong; Li Erzhong; Ling Bili; Ti Ang; Han Xiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. [Taylor, Gary] Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei 230031, Peoples R China. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 234 EP 239 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300032 ER PT B AU Urban, J Preinhaelter, J Decker, J Peysson, Y Taylor, G Vahala, L Vahala, G AF Urban, J. Preinhaelter, J. Decker, J. Peysson, Y. Taylor, G. Vahala, L. Vahala, G. BE Prater, R TI PROSPECTS FOR EBW HEATING AND CURRENT DRIVE ON SPHERICAL TORI SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci DE Tokamak; Spherical torus; Current drive; Heating; EBW AB The electrostatic electron Bernstein wave (EBW) can provide localised on-and off-axis heating and current drive in typically overdense (high-beta) spherical tori (ST) where the usual electromagnetic EC modes are cut-off. Hence, the EBW is a candidate for plasma control and stabilisation in such devices. We present here a modelling of EBW heating and current drive in realistic ST conditions, particularly in typical NSTX equilibria and in model equilibria for NHTX [1] and MAST Upgrade [2,3]. The EBW injection parameters are varied in order to find optimized scenarios and possible ways to control the deposition location and the driven current. It is shown that EBWs can be deposited and efficiently drive current at any radial location. C1 [Urban, J.; Preinhaelter, J.] Inst Plasma Phys AS CR, EURATOM IPP CR Ass, Prague, Czech Republic. [Decker, J.; Peysson, Y.] EURATOM CEA, Cadarache, France. [Taylor, G.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Vahala, L.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Vahala, G.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RP Urban, J (reprint author), Inst Plasma Phys AS CR, EURATOM IPP CR Ass, Prague, Czech Republic. EM urban@ipp.cas.cz FU EFDA; EURATOM; GACR [202/08/0419]; AS CR [AV0Z20430508]; MSMT [7G09042]; U.S. DoE FX The work was partly supported by EFDA, EURATOM, GACR #202/08/0419, AS CR #AV0Z20430508, MSMT #7G09042, and U.S. DoE. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 257 EP 262 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300035 ER PT B AU Henderson, MA Becket, B Cox, D Darbos, C Gandini, F Gassman, T Jean, O Nazare, C Omori, T Purohit, D Tanga, A Udintsev, VS Albajar, F Bonicelli, T Heidinger, R Saibene, G Alberti, S Bertizzolo, R Chavan, R Collazos, A Goodman, TP Hogge, JP Landis, JD Paganakis, I Porte, L Sanchez, F Sauter, O Tran, MQ Zucca, C Baruah, U Kushwah, M Singh, NP Rao, SL Bigelow, T Caughman, J Rasmussen, D Bruschi, A Cirant, S Farina, D Moro, A Platania, P Ramponi, G Sozzi, C Debaar, M Ronden, D Denisov, G Kajiwara, K Kasugai, A Kobayashi, N Oda, Y Sakamoto, K Takahashi, K Kasparek, W Kumric, H Plaum, B Aiello, G Gantenbein, G Illy, S Jin, J Kern, S Meier, A Pioscyzk, B Rzesnicki, T Scherer, T Schreck, S Serikov, A Spaeh, P Strauss, D Thumm, M Vaccaro, A Poli, E Zohm, H Shapiro, M Temkin, R AF Henderson, M. A. Becket, B. Cox, D. Darbos, C. Gandini, F. Gassman, T. Jean, O. Nazare, C. Omori, T. Purohit, D. Tanga, A. Udintsev, V. S. Albajar, F. Bonicelli, T. Heidinger, R. Saibene, G. Alberti, S. Bertizzolo, R. Chavan, R. Collazos, A. Goodman, T. P. Hogge, J. P. Landis, J. D. Paganakis, I. Porte, L. Sanchez, F. Sauter, O. Tran, M. Q. Zucca, C. Baruah, U. Kushwah, M. Singh, N. P. Rao, S. L. Bigelow, T. Caughman, J. Rasmussen, D. Bruschi, A. Cirant, S. Farina, D. Moro, A. Platania, P. Ramponi, G. Sozzi, C. Debaar, M. Ronden, D. Denisov, G. Kajiwara, K. Kasugai, A. Kobayashi, N. Oda, Y. Sakamoto, K. Takahashi, K. Kasparek, W. Kumric, H. Plaum, B. Aiello, G. Gantenbein, G. Illy, S. Jin, J. Kern, S. Meier, A. Pioscyzk, B. Rzesnicki, T. Scherer, T. Schreck, S. Serikov, A. Spaeh, P. Strauss, D. Thumm, M. Vaccaro, A. Poli, E. Zohm, H. Shapiro, M. Temkin, R. BE Prater, R TI THE ITER EC H&CD SYSTEM SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci ID GYROTRON AB A 24MW CW Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (EC H&CD) system operating at 170GHz is to be installed for the ITER tokamak. The EC system will represent a large step forward in the use of microwave systems for plasma heating for fusion applications; present day systems are operating in relatively short pulses (<= 10s) and installed power levels of <= 4.5MW. The magnitude of the ITER system necessitates a worldwide collaboration. This is also reflected in the EC system that is comprised of the power supplies, sources, transmission line and launchers. A partnership between Europe, India, Japan, Russia, United States and the ITER organization is formed to collaborate on design and R&D activities leading to the procurement, installation, commissioning and operation of this system. C1 [Henderson, M. A.; Becket, B.; Cox, D.; Darbos, C.; Gandini, F.; Gassman, T.; Jean, O.; Nazare, C.; Omori, T.; Purohit, D.; Tanga, A.; Udintsev, V. S.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Albajar, F.; Bonicelli, T.; Heidinger, R.; Saibene, G.] F4E, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain. [Alberti, S.; Bertizzolo, R.; Chavan, R.; Collazos, A.; Goodman, T. P.; Hogge, J. P.; Landis, J. D.; Paganakis, I.; Porte, L.; Sanchez, F.; Sauter, O.; Tran, M. Q.; Zucca, C.] EPFL Ecublens, CRPP, Assoc EURATOM Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Baruah, U.; Kushwah, M.; Singh, N. P.; Rao, S. L.] Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India. [Bigelow, T.; Caughman, J.; Rasmussen, D.] ORNL, USIPO, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bruschi, A.; Cirant, S.; Farina, D.; Moro, A.; Platania, P.; Ramponi, G.; Sozzi, C.] Assoc EURATOM ENEA CNR, Ist Fis Plasma, Milan, Italy. [Debaar, M.; Ronden, D.] EURATOM, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Denisov, G.] Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Kajiwara, K.; Kasugai, A.; Kobayashi, N.; Oda, Y.; Sakamoto, K.; Takahashi, K.] JAEA, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Kasparek, W.; Kumric, H.; Plaum, B.] Univ Stuttgart, IPP, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Aiello, G.; Gantenbein, G.; Illy, S.; Jin, J.; Kern, S.; Meier, A.; Pioscyzk, B.; Rzesnicki, T.; Scherer, T.; Schreck, S.; Serikov, A.; Spaeh, P.; Strauss, D.; Thumm, M.; Vaccaro, A.] KIT, Assoc EURATOM KIT, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Poli, E.; Zohm, H.] Assoc EURATOM IPP, IPP Garching, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Shapiro, M.; Temkin, R.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Henderson, MA (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 353 EP 363 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300048 ER PT B AU Gandini, F Becket, B Darbos, C Gassman, T Henderson, M Jean, O Nazare, C Omori, T Purohit, D Albajar, F Bonicelli, T Saibene, G Bigelow, T Caughman, J Rasmussen, D Denisov, G Kajiwara, K Kobayashi, N Oda, Y Sakamoto, K Takahashi, K Rao, SL Ronden, D Shapiro, M Temkin, R AF Gandini, F. Becket, B. Darbos, C. Gassman, T. Henderson, M. Jean, O. Nazare, C. Omori, T. Purohit, D. Albajar, F. Bonicelli, T. Saibene, G. Bigelow, T. Caughman, J. Rasmussen, D. Denisov, G. Kajiwara, K. Kobayashi, N. Oda, Y. Sakamoto, K. Takahashi, K. Rao, S. L. Ronden, D. Shapiro, M. Temkin, R. BE Prater, R TI AN OVERVIEW OF THE ITER EC TRANSMISSION LINE SO ELECTRON CYCLOTRON EMISSION AND ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING (EC-16) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Joint Workshop on Electron Cyclotron Emission and Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (EC-16) CY APR 12-15, 2010 CL Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci, Sanya, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Inst Plasma Phys Chinese Acad Sci AB The ITER ECH&CD system will have an installed power of 24 MW at 170 GHz delivered to the launchers at the plasma side through a transmission line sub-system constituted by evacuated HE11 waveguides, DC breaks, power monitors, mitre bends, polarizers, switches, loads and pumping sections. Each line will be typically about 160 m in length and will connect the RF power sources alternatively to the equatorial launcher or to one of the upper launchers in order to accomplish the various physics requirements: heating, current drive and instability control. Two different source configurations are at the moment under study, pending the fmal decision about the European 2 MW coaxial gyrotron development. Each configuration will imply a dedicated transmission line layout. An overview of the actual design is presented and the technical requirements are discussed. C1 [Gandini, F.; Becket, B.; Darbos, C.; Gassman, T.; Henderson, M.; Jean, O.; Nazare, C.; Omori, T.; Purohit, D.] ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Albajar, F.; Bonicelli, T.; Saibene, G.] Fus Energy, E-08019 Barcelona, Spain. [Bigelow, T.; Caughman, J.; Rasmussen, D.] ORNL, US ITER Project Off, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Denisov, G.] Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod 603950, Russia. [Kajiwara, K.; Kobayashi, N.; Oda, Y.; Sakamoto, K.; Takahashi, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. [Rao, S. L.] Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India. [Ronden, D.] EURATOM, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. [Shapiro, M.; Temkin, R.] MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Gandini, F (reprint author), ITER Org, F-13067 St Paul Les Durance, France. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4340-26-7 PY 2011 BP 364 EP 369 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BH0BM UT WOS:000394555300049 ER PT J AU Serquis, A Pasquini, G Civale, L AF Serquis, Adriana Pasquini, Gabriela Civale, Leonardo BE Marulanda, JM TI Carbon Nanotubes Addition Effects on MgB2 Superconducting Properties SO ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-PINNING PROPERTIES; DOPED MGB2; MAGNESIUM DIBORIDE; SUBSTITUTED MGB2; TUBE MGB2; WIRES; TAPES; POWDER C1 [Serquis, Adriana] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Atom Bariloche CNEA, Inst Balseiro UNCuyo, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Pasquini, Gabriela] Univ Buenos Aires, IFIBA CONICET, Dept Fis FCEyN, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Civale, Leonardo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MPA STC, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Serquis, A (reprint author), Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Atom Bariloche CNEA, Inst Balseiro UNCuyo, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTECH EUROPE PI RIJEKA PA JANEZA TRDINE9, RIJEKA, 51000, CROATIA BN 978-953-307-499-3 PY 2011 BP 447 EP 472 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BE4WS UT WOS:000372180400022 ER PT J AU Deng, ZQ Carlson, TJ Dauble, DD Ploskey, GR AF Deng, Zhiqun Carlson, Thomas J. Dauble, Dennis D. Ploskey, Gene R. TI Fish Passage Assessment of an Advanced Hydropower Turbine and Conventional Turbine Using Blade-Strike Modeling SO ENERGIES LA English DT Article DE advanced hydropower turbine; blade-strike modeling; fish-friendly turbine; dams ID MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; INJURY AB Hydropower is the largest renewable energy source in the world. However, in the Columbia and Snake River basins, several species of Pacific salmon and steelhead have been listed for protection under the Endangered Species Act due to significant declines of fish population. Dam operators and design engineers are thus faced with the task of making hydroelectric facilities more fish friendly through changes in hydro-turbine design and operation. Public Utility District No. 2 of Grant County, Washington, applied for relicensing from the U. S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to replace the 10 turbines at Wanapum Dam with advanced hydropower turbines that were designed to increase power generation and improve fish passage conditions. We applied both deterministic and stochastic blade-strike models to compare fish passage performance of the newly installed advanced turbine to an existing turbine. Modeled probabilities were compared to the results of a large-scale live-fish survival study and a Sensor Fish study under the same operational parameters. Overall, injury rates predicted by the deterministic model were higher than experimental rates of injury, while those predicted by the stochastic model were in close agreement with experimental results. Fish orientation at the time of entry into the plane of the leading edges of the turbine runner blades was an important factor contributing to uncertainty in modeled results. The advanced design turbine had slightly higher modeled injury rates than the existing turbine design; however, no statistical evidence suggested significant differences in blade-strike injuries between the two turbines, thus the hypothesis that direct fish survival rate through the advanced hydropower turbine is equal to or higher than that for fish passing through the conventional turbine could not be rejected. C1 [Deng, Zhiqun; Carlson, Thomas J.; Dauble, Dennis D.; Ploskey, Gene R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Deng, ZQ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zhiqun.deng@pnl.gov; thomas.carlson@pnl.gov; dennisdauble@charter.net; Gene.Ploskey@pnl.gov RI Deng, Daniel/A-9536-2011 OI Deng, Daniel/0000-0002-8300-8766 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. Jim Ahlgrimm was the contracting officer for DOE, and Curt Dotson was the technical point of contact for Grant PUD. We also wish to thank Grant PUD and Normandeau Associates, Inc. for their help with this study. Andrea Currie and Tao Fu of PNNL provided comments and technical help preparing the manuscript. PNNL is owned by DOE and operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 45 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1073 J9 ENERGIES JI Energies PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.3390/en4010057 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 711KS UT WOS:000286590900004 ER PT B AU Zayas, J AF Zayas, Jose BE Rao, KR TI SCOPE OF WIND ENERGY GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES SO ENERGY AND POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK: ESTABLISHED AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Renewable Energy Technol Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zayas, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Renewable Energy Technol Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5955-1 PY 2011 BP G1 EP G20 D2 10.1115/1.859551 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGT43 UT WOS:000324079200009 ER PT B AU Baldwin, T Seifert, G AF Baldwin, Thomas Seifert, Gary BE Rao, KR TI WIND ENERGY IN THE US SO ENERGY AND POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK: ESTABLISHED AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; POWER C1 [Baldwin, Thomas; Seifert, Gary] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Baldwin, Thomas] Florida State Univ, FAMU FSU Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Seifert, Gary] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Engn Profess Dev, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Baldwin, T (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5955-1 PY 2011 BP H1 EP H23 D2 10.1115/1.859551 PG 23 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGT43 UT WOS:000324079200010 ER PT B AU Shevenell, L Robinson, C AF Shevenell, Lisa Robinson, Curt BE Rao, KR TI GEOTHERMAL ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT SO ENERGY AND POWER GENERATION HANDBOOK: ESTABLISHED AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Geothermal energy constitutes an indigenous, sustainable, continuous, base load renewable resource available to power developers on most continents. This chapter discusses geothermal energy basics, resource exploration, and types of resources along with their utilization, sustainability, benefits, and the potential environmental consequences of resource development. The current state of knowledge and possible expansion of the resource base via Enhanced Geothermal Systems technologies are also discussed. C1 [Shevenell, Lisa] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5955-1 PY 2011 BP P1 EP P26 D2 10.1115/1.859551 PG 26 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BGT43 UT WOS:000324079200018 ER PT J AU Jaouen, F Proietti, E Lefevre, M Chenitz, R Dodelet, JP Wu, G Chung, HT Johnston, CM Zelenay, P AF Jaouen, Frederic Proietti, Eric Lefevre, Michel Chenitz, Regis Dodelet, Jean-Pol Wu, Gang Chung, Hoon Taek Johnston, Christina Marie Zelenay, Piotr TI Recent advances in non-precious metal catalysis for oxygen-reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FE-BASED CATALYSTS; CARBON-BLACK SUPPORTS; HEAT-TREATMENT AFFECT; O-2 REDUCTION; NONNOBLE ELECTROCATALYSTS; ACTIVE-SITES; 3,4,9,10-PERYLENETETRACARBOXYLIC DIANHYDRIDE; NONPLATINUM CATALYSTS; PYROLYZED PORPHYRINS; COMPOSITE CATALYSTS AB Hydrogen produced from water and renewable energy could fuel a large fleet of proton-exchange-fuel-cell vehicles in the future. However, the dependence on expensive Pt-based electrocatalysts in such fuel cells remains a major obstacle for a widespread deployment of this technology. One solution to overcome this predicament is to reduce the Pt content by a factor of ten by replacing the Pt-based catalysts with non-precious metal catalysts at the oxygen-reducing cathode. Fe-and Co-based electrocatalysts for this reaction have been studied for over 50 years, but they were insufficiently active for the high efficiency and power density needed for transportation fuel cells. Recently, several breakthroughs occurred that have increased the activity and durability of non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs), which can now be regarded as potential competitors to Pt-based catalysts. This review focuses on the new synthesis methods that have led to these breakthroughs. A modeling analysis is also conducted to analyze the improvements required from NPMC-based cathodes to match the performance of Pt-based cathodes, even at high current density. While no further breakthrough in volume-specific activity of NPMCs is required, incremental improvements of the volume-specific activity and effective protonic conductivity within the fuel-cell cathode are necessary. Regarding durability, NPMCs with the best combination of durability and activity result in ca. 3 times lower fuel cell performance than the most active NPMCs at 0.80 V. Thus, major tasks will be to combine durability with higher activity, and also improve durability at cell voltages greater than 0.60 V. C1 [Jaouen, Frederic; Proietti, Eric; Lefevre, Michel; Chenitz, Regis; Dodelet, Jean-Pol] Inst Natl Rech Sci Energie Mat & Telecommun, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. [Wu, Gang; Chung, Hoon Taek; Johnston, Christina Marie; Zelenay, Piotr] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jaouen, F (reprint author), Inst Natl Rech Sci Energie Mat & Telecommun, 1650 Bd Lionel Boulet, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. EM jaouen@emt.inrs.ca; dodelet@emt.inrs.ca; zelenay@lanl.gov RI lefevre, michel/B-5729-2009; Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010; Chung, Hoon/A-7916-2012; Johnston, Christina/A-7344-2011; OI lefevre, michel/0000-0003-3042-6128; Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208; Chung, Hoon/0000-0002-5367-9294; jaouen, frederic/0000-0001-9836-3261 FU NSERC; General Motors of Canada; DOE-EERE Fuel Cell Technologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory FX Financial support of NSERC and General Motors of Canada for an industrial chair in electrocatalysts for PEFCs at INRS and financial support of the DOE-EERE Fuel Cell Technologies Program for non-precious metal catalysis research at Los Alamos National Laboratory are gratefully acknowledged. NR 99 TC 625 Z9 635 U1 54 U2 461 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 114 EP 130 DI 10.1039/c0ee00011f PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700MV UT WOS:000285748400009 ER PT J AU Zhi, MJ Zhou, GW Hong, ZL Wang, J Gemmen, R Gerdes, K Manivannan, A Ma, DL Wu, NQ AF Zhi, Mingjia Zhou, Guangwen Hong, Zhanglian Wang, Jin Gemmen, Randall Gerdes, Kirk Manivannan, Ayyakkannu Ma, Dongling Wu, Nianqiang TI Single crystalline La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 microcubes as cathode of solid oxide fuel cell SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; ELECTRODE; SURFACE; OXIDATION; KINETICS; SYNGAS AB The efficiency of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is heavily dependent on the electrocatalytic activity of the cathode toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In order to achieve better cathode performance, single crystalline La0.5Sr0.5MnO3 (LSM) microcubes with the {200} facets have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method. It is found that the LSM microcubes exhibit lower polarization resistance than the conventional polycrystalline La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 powder in air from 700 degrees C to 900 degrees C. The ORR activation energy of the LSM microcubes is lower than that of the conventional powder. The ORR kinetics for the microcubes is limited by the charge transfer step while that for the conventional powder is dominated by the oxygen adsorption and dissociation on the cathode surface. C1 [Zhi, Mingjia; Wang, Jin; Gemmen, Randall; Gerdes, Kirk; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu; Wu, Nianqiang] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Zhi, Mingjia; Wang, Jin; Manivannan, Ayyakkannu; Wu, Nianqiang] W Virginia Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Zhou, Guangwen] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Mech Engn, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Hong, Zhanglian] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Hong, Zhanglian] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Ma, Dongling] Inst Natl Rech Sci, INRS Energie Mat & Telecommun, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. RP Zhi, MJ (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM nick.wu@mail.wvu.edu RI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/A-2227-2012; Wu, Nianqiang/B-9798-2015; Zhi, Mingjia/A-6866-2010 OI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/0000-0003-0676-7918; Wu, Nianqiang/0000-0002-8888-2444; Ma, Dongling/0000-0001-8558-3150; Zhi, Mingjia/0000-0002-4291-0809 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory under the Research and Development Solutions [41817M2187/41817M2100]; West Virginia State Research Challenge [EPS08-01]; NSF [EPS 0554328]; West Virginia University Research Corporation; West Virginia EPSCoR Office; LLC (RDS) [DE-AC26-04NT41817] FX This work was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's research in fuel cells project (41817M2187/41817M2100) under the Research and Development Solutions, LLC (RDS) contract DE-AC26-04NT41817 and West Virginia State Research Challenge Grant-Energy Materials Program (EPS08-01). The facilities and resources used in this work were partially supported by the NSF grant (EPS 0554328) with the matching funds from the West Virginia University Research Corporation and the West Virginia EPSCoR Office. NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1039/c0ee00300j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 700MV UT WOS:000285748400012 ER PT J AU Chupka, GM Yanowitz, J Chiu, G Alleman, TL McCormick, RL AF Chupka, G. M. Yanowitz, J. Chiu, G. Alleman, T. L. McCormick, R. L. TI Effect of Saturated Monoglyceride Polymorphism on Low-Temperature Performance of Biodiesel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC SOLUTIONS; PALM OIL; BEHAVIOR; BLENDS AB To investigate precipitates above the cloud point (CP) in biodiesel, three saturated monoglycerides (SMGs), monomyristin, monopalmitin, and monostearin, were spiked into distilled soy and animal fat-derived B100. It was shown that above a threshold or eutectic concentration the SMGs significantly raise the CP of B100. A comparison to published data suggests that commercial B100 has SMG content in the same range as the eutectic point. SMGs have an even greater impact on the final melting temperature (FMT, as measured when the sample is heated) at concentrations above the eutectic point. These results were verified and visualized using a controlled temperature stage microscope. It was shown that the FMT was highly dependent on the rate of heating. It is hypothesized that a lower melting point crystalline form of the SMG forms upon rapid cooling and then transforms into a more stable, higher melting point crystalline form when slowly heated or held at constant temperature. The CP and FMT results of this study were compared to an ideal solution thermodynamic model. The model was able to provide reasonable prediction of the eutectic point but was less successful at predicting CP and FMT above the eutectic. C1 [Chupka, G. M.; Alleman, T. L.; McCormick, R. L.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Yanowitz, J.] Ecoengineering, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Chiu, G.] Phase Technol, Richmond, BC V7A 5H8, Canada. RP McCormick, RL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM robert.mccormick@nrel.gov RI Alleman, Teresa/F-6281-2011; McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Fuels and Lubricants Technologies [DE-AC36-99GO10337]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, Fuels and Lubricants Technologies Program under Contract No. DE-AC36-99GO10337 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The assistance of Philip Parilla in obtaining the X-ray diffraction data is gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2011 VL 25 BP 398 EP 405 DI 10.1021/ef1013743 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 721ID UT WOS:000287345900049 ER PT J AU Arent, D Denholm, P Drury, E Gelman, R Hand, M Kutscher, C Mann, M Mehos, M Wise, A AF Arent, Douglas Denholm, Paul Drury, Easan Gelman, Rachel Hand, Maureen Kutscher, Chuck Mann, Margaret Mehos, Mark Wise, Alison BE Sioshansi, FP TI Prospects for Renewable Energy SO ENERGY, SUSTAINABILITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT: TECHNOLOGY, INCENTIVES, BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Arent, Douglas] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Joint Inst Strateg Energy Anal, Golden, CO USA. [Denholm, Paul] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Drury, Easan; Gelman, Rachel; Hand, Maureen] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Kutscher, Chuck] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Thermal Syst Grp, Golden, CO USA. [Mann, Margaret] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Technol Syst & Sustainabil Anal Grp, Strateg Energy Anal Ctr, Golden, CO USA. [Mehos, Mark] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Concentrating Solar Power CSP Program, Golden, CO USA. RP Arent, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Joint Inst Strateg Energy Anal, Golden, CO USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN PI BURLINGTON PA 30 CORPORATE DRIVE, STE 400, BURLINGTON, MA 01803 USA BN 978-0-12-385137-6 PY 2011 BP 367 EP 416 PG 50 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BFX41 UT WOS:000321765000016 ER PT J AU Guillen, D Klockow, H Lehar, M Freund, S Jackson, J AF Guillen, Donna Klockow, Helge Lehar, Matthew Freund, Sebastian Jackson, Jennifer BE Neelameggham, NR Belt, CK Jolly, M Reddy, RG Yurko, JA TI DEVELOPMENT OF A DIRECT EVAPORATOR FOR THE ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE SO ENERGY TECHNOLOGY 2011: CARBON DIOXIDE AND OTHER GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION METALLURGY AND WASTE HEAT RECOVERY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Energy Technology - Carbon Dioxide and Other Greenhouse Gas Reduction Metallurgy and Waste Heat Recovery Held during the 140th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div, The Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div, Energy Comm DE Organic Rankine Cycle; direct evaporator; waste heat recovery ID AUTOIGNITION AB Research and development is currently underway to design an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system with the evaporator placed directly in the hot exhaust stream produced by a gas turbine (GT). ORCs can be used to generate electricity from heat that would otherwise be wasted, thus producing carbon-free energy. In conventional ORC configurations, an intermediate oil loop is used to separate the hot gas from the flammable working fluid. The goal of this research effort is to improve cycle efficiency and cost by eliminating the pumps, heat exchangers and all other added cost and complexity of the additional heat transfer loop by developing an evaporator that resides in the waste heat stream. Direct evaporation - although simpler and less expensive to implement than indirect evaporation of the working fluid - has historically been avoided due to a number of technical challenges imposed by the limitations of the working fluid. The high temperature of the hot exhaust gas may cause decomposition of the organic working fluid and safety is a major concern due to the high flammability of some of these working fluids. The research team has addressed these challenges and developed a new direct evaporator design that can reduce the ORC system cost by up to 15%, enabling the rapid adoption of ORCs for waste heat recovery. The ORC system is intended to integrate with the GT either as a retrofit or to be marketed as a single package, thus maintaining the manufacturer's warranty. C1 [Guillen, Donna] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83406 USA. RP Guillen, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83406 USA. RI Guillen, Donna/B-9681-2017 OI Guillen, Donna/0000-0002-7718-4608 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11803-651-8 PY 2011 BP 25 EP 35 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BHW97 UT WOS:000326887300003 ER PT J AU Shirodkar, S Reed, S Romine, M Saffarini, D AF Shirodkar, Sheetal Reed, Samantha Romine, Margie Saffarini, Daad TI The octahaem SirA catalyses dissimilatory sulfite reduction in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CYTOCHROME-C BIOGENESIS; NITROUS-OXIDE REDUCTASE; ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; NITRITE REDUCTASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE; ELEMENTAL SULFUR AB P>Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a metal reducer that uses a large number of electron acceptors including thiosulfate, polysulfide and sulfite. The enzyme required for thiosulfate and polysulfide respiration has been recently identified, but the mechanisms of sulfite reduction remained unexplored. Analysis of MR-1 cultures grown anaerobically with sulfite suggested that the dissimilatory sulfite reductase catalyses six-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Reduction of sulfite required menaquinones but was independent of the intermediate electron carrier CymA. Furthermore, the terminal sulfite reductase, SirA, was identified as an octahaem c cytochrome with an atypical haem binding site. The sulfite reductase of S. oneidensis MR-1 does not appear to be a sirohaem enzyme, but represents a new class of sulfite reductases. The gene that encodes SirA is located within a 10-gene locus that is predicted to encode a component of a specialized haem lyase, a menaquinone oxidase and copper transport proteins. This locus was identified in the genomes of several Shewanella species and appears to be linked to the ability of these organisms to reduce sulfite under anaerobic conditions. C1 [Shirodkar, Sheetal; Saffarini, Daad] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. [Reed, Samantha; Romine, Margie] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Saffarini, D (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. EM daads@uwm.edu OI Romine, Margaret/0000-0002-0968-7641 FU US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER64382]; DOE Genomics; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported by US Department of Energy (DOE) Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER64382, and the DOE Genomics: GTL Program via the Shewanella Federation consortium. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. We thank M. McBride and P. Trewitt for helpful discussion and critical reading of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1462-2912 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02313.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 702EE UT WOS:000285876600010 PM 21199252 ER PT J AU Whicker, JJ Dewart, JM Allen, SP Eisele, WF McNaughton, MW Green, AA AF Whicker, Jeffrey J. Dewart, Jean M. Allen, Shannon P. Eisele, William F. McNaughton, Michael W. Green, Andrew A. TI Corrections for measurements of tritium in subterranean vapor using silica gel SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Tritium; Soil gas monitoring; Risk assessment; Groundwater ID TRITIATED-WATER; ADSORPTION; PRESSURE AB Hazardous contaminants buried within vadose zones can accumulate in soil gas. The concentrations and spatial extent of these contaminants are measured to evaluate potential transport to groundwater for public risk evaluation. Tritium is an important contaminant found and monitored for in vadose zones across numerous sites within the US nuclear weapons complex, including Los Alamos National Laboratory. The extraction, collection, and laboratory analysis of tritium from subterranean soil gas presents numerous technical challenges that have not been fully studied. Particularly, the lack of moisture in the soil gas in the vadose zone makes it difficult to obtain enough sample (e.g., > 5 g) to provide for the required measurement sensitivity, and often, only small amounts of moisture can be collected. Further, although silica gel has high affinity for water vapor and is prebaked prior to sampling, there is still sufficient residual moisture in the prebaked gel to dilute the relatively small amount of sampled moisture; thereby, significantly lowering the "true" tritium concentration in the soil gas. This paper provides an evaluation of the magnitude of the bias from dilution, provides methods to correct past measurements by applying a correction factor (CF), and evaluates the uncertainty of the CF values. For this, 10,000 Monte Carlo calculations were performed, and distribution parameters of CF values were determined and evaluated. The mean and standard deviation of the distribution of CF values were 1.53 +/- 0.36, and the minimum, median, and maximum values were 1.14, 1.43, and 5.27, respectively. C1 [Whicker, Jeffrey J.; Dewart, Jean M.; Allen, Shannon P.; Eisele, William F.; McNaughton, Michael W.; Green, Andrew A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Programs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Whicker, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Programs, Mail Stop M992, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jjwhicker@lanl.gov FU United States Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25369] FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25369. The authors would like to express their thanks to Ron Rager, Craig Eberhart, and Chris Eco-hawk for their technical guidance and support during this project. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 172 IS 1-4 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1007/s10661-010-1322-x PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 689VU UT WOS:000284959400009 PM 20140505 ER PT J AU Brooks, SC Southworth, GR AF Brooks, Scott C. Southworth, George R. TI History of mercury use and environmental contamination at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Bioaccumulation; Heavy metals; Multiple stress; Stress ecology; Vegetation ID BOREAL FOREST CATCHMENTS; METHYL MERCURY; INORGANIC MERCURY; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; METHYLMERCURY; WATER; FISH; SEDIMENTS; GUIZHOU; CHINA AB Between 1950 and 1963 approximately 11 million kilograms of mercury (Hg) were used at the Oak Ridge Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12 NSC) for lithium isotope separation processes. About 3% of the Hg was lost to the air, soil and rock under facilities, and East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) which originates in the plant site. Smaller amounts of Hg were used at other Oak Ridge facilities with similar results. Although the primary Hg discharges from Y-12 NSC stopped in 1963, small amounts of Hg continue to be released into the creek from point sources and diffuse contaminated soil and groundwater sources within Y-12 NSC. Mercury concentration in EFPC has decreased 85% from similar to 2000 ng/L in the 1980s. In general, methylmercury concentrations in water and in fish have not declined in response to improvements in water quality and exhibit trends of increasing concentration in some cases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brooks, Scott C.; Southworth, George R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brooks, SC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM brookssc@ornl.gov RI Brooks, Scott/B-9439-2012 OI Brooks, Scott/0000-0002-8437-9788 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program and is a product of the Science Focus Area (SFA) at ORNL. ORNL is managed by UT-Battelle LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC05-00OR22725. The authors wish to express their gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. NR 76 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 6 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 159 IS 1 BP 219 EP 228 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692CR UT WOS:000285129600030 PM 20889247 ER PT J AU Keating, GN Middleton, RS Stauffer, PH Viswanathan, HS Letellier, BC Pasqualini, D Pawar, RJ Wolfsberg, AV AF Keating, Gordon N. Middleton, Richard S. Stauffer, Philip H. Viswanathan, Hari S. Letellier, Bruce C. Pasqualini, Donatella Pawar, Rajesh J. Wolfsberg, Andrew V. TI Mesoscale Carbon Sequestration Site Screening and CCS Infrastructure Analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM MODEL; CO2; STORAGE; CAPTURE AB We explore carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) at the mesoscale, a level of study between regional carbon accounting and highly detailed reservoir models for individual sites. We develop an approach to CO(2) sequestration site screening for industries or energy development policies that involves identification of appropriate sequestration basin, analysis of geologic formations, definition of surface sites, design of infrastructure, and analysis of CO(2) transport and storage costs. Our case study involves carbon management for potential oil shale development in the Piceance-Uinta Basin, CO and UT. This study uses new capabilities of the CO(2)-PENS model for site screening, including reservoir capacity, injectivity, and cost calculations for simple reservoirs at multiple sites. We couple this with a model of optimized source-sink-network infrastructure (SimCCS)to design pipeline networks and minimize CCS cost for a given industry or region. The CLEAR(uff) dynamical assessment model calculates the CO(2) source term for various oil production levels. Nine sites in a 13,300 km(2) area have the capacity to store 6.5 GtCO(2), corresponding to shale-oil production of 1.3 Mbbl/day for 50 years (about 1/4 of U.S. crude oil production). Our results highlight the complex, nonlinear relationship between the spatial deployment of CCS infrastructure and the oil-shale production rate. C1 [Keating, Gordon N.; Middleton, Richard S.; Stauffer, Philip H.; Viswanathan, Hari S.; Pasqualini, Donatella; Pawar, Rajesh J.; Wolfsberg, Andrew V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Letellier, Bruce C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Anal Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keating, GN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Earth & Environm Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gkeating@lanl.gov RI Middleton, Richard/A-5470-2011; OI Middleton, Richard/0000-0002-8039-6601; Stauffer, Philip/0000-0002-6976-221X FU DOE Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves; DOE Office of Fossil Energy FX The study of carbon management for oil shale production in the Piceance Basin was performed as part of a larger feasibility study of oil shale development within environmental constraints funded by the DOE Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves. We are grateful to James Killen, our project manager in DOE-FE, for his valuable insight and support. Development of the injectivity and capacity modules of the CO2-PENS model was funded by DOE Office of Fossil Energy through the NETL Carbon Program. We thank Rick Kelley for GIS analysis. Three anonymous reviewers contributed to the clarity of presentation. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 45 IS 1 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1021/es101470m PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 699RA UT WOS:000285679300033 PM 20698546 ER PT J AU Watanabe, KH Andersen, ME Basu, N Carvan, MJ Crofton, KM King, KA Sunol, C Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Schultz, IR AF Watanabe, Karen H. Andersen, Melvin E. Basu, Niladri Carvan, Michael J., III Crofton, Kevin M. King, Kerensa A. Sunol, Cristina Tiffany-Castiglioni, Evelyn Schultz, Irvin R. TI DEFINING AND MODELING KNOWN ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS DOMOIC ACID AND NEURONAL SIGNALING AS A CASE STUDY SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SLTAC Pellston Workshop CY APR 18-23, 2009 CL Forest Grove, OR DE Hippocampus; Neurobehavioral; Algal; Toxin; Calcium ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE CELLS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; HIPPOCAMPAL SLICE CULTURES; AMNESIC SHELLFISH POISON; PRINCE-EDWARD-ISLAND; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; ADULT-RATS; SEA LIONS; RECEPTOR-BINDING AB An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a sequence of key events from a molecular-level initiating event and an ensuing cascade of steps to an adverse outcome with population level significance To implement a predictive strategy for ecotoxicology the multiscale nature of an AOP requires computational models to link salient processes (e g in chemical uptake toxicokinetics to toxicodynamic and population dynamics) A case study with domoic acid was used to demonstrate strategies and enable generic recommendations for developing computational models in an effort to move toward a toxicity testing paradigm focused on toxicity pathway perturbations applicable to ecological risk assessment Domoic acid an algal toxin with adverse effects on both wildlife and humans is a potent agonise for kainate receptors (ionotropic glutamate receptors whose activation leads to the influx of Na(+) and Ca(2+)) Increased Ca(2+) concentrations result in neuronal excitotoxicity and cell death primarily in the hippocampus which produces seizures impairs learning and memory and alters behavior in some species Altered neuronal Ca(2+) is a key process in domoic acid toxicity which can be evaluated in vitro Furthermore results of these assays would be amenable to mechanistic modeling for identifying domoic acid concentrations and Ca(2+) perturbations that are normal adaptive or clearly toxic In vitro assays with outputs amenable to measurement in exposed populations can link in vitro to in vivo conditions and toxicokinetic information will aid in linking in vitro results to the individual organism Development of an AOP required an iterative process with three important outcomes a critically reviewed stressor specific AOP identification of key processes suitable for evaluation with in vitro assays and strategies for model development Environ Toxicol Chem 2011 30 9-21 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Schultz, Irvin R.] Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA USA. [Watanabe, Karen H.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Beaverton, OR USA. [Andersen, Melvin E.] Hamner Inst Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Basu, Niladri] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Carvan, Michael J., III] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Crofton, Kevin M.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [King, Kerensa A.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sunol, Cristina] Inst Invest Biomed, Barcelona, Spain. [Tiffany-Castiglioni, Evelyn] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Battelle Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA USA. RI Crofton, Kevin/J-4798-2015; OI Crofton, Kevin/0000-0003-1749-9971; Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811; Basu, Niladri/0000-0002-2695-1037 NR 125 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1002/etc.373 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 701JM UT WOS:000285814200002 PM 20963854 ER PT J AU Perkins, EJ Chipman, JK Edwards, S Habib, T Falciani, F Taylor, R Van Aggelen, G Vulpe, C Antczak, P Loguinov, A AF Perkins, Edward J. Chipman, J. Kevin Edwards, Stephen Habib, Tanwir Falciani, Francesco Taylor, Ronald Van Aggelen, Graham Vulpe, Chris Antczak, Philipp Loguinov, Alexandre TI REVERSE ENGINEERING ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SETAC Pellston Workshop CY APR 18-23, 2009 CL Forest Grove, OR SP SETAC DE Mechanism of action; Toxicology; Microarray; Network inference; Adverse outcome pathway ID BIOLOGICAL NETWORK INFERENCE; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; MOLECULAR NETWORKS; IN-VIVO; UNDERSTAND MECHANISMS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICITY AB The toxicological effects of many stressors are mediated through unknown or incompletely characterized mechanisms of action The application of reverse engineering complex interaction networks from high dimensional miles data (gene protein metabolic signaling) can be used to overcome these limitations This approach was used to characterize adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for chemicals that disrupt the hypothalamus-pituitary gonadal endocrine axis in fathead minnows (FHM Pimephales promelas) Gene expression changes in FHM ovaries in response to seven different chemicals over different times doses and in vivo versus in vitro conditions were captured in a large data set of 868 arrays Potential AOPs of the antiandrogen flutamide were examined using two mutual information based methods to infer gene regulatory networks and potential AOPs Representative networks from these studies were used to predict network paths from stressor to adverse outcome as candidate AOPs The relationship of individual chemicals to an adverse outcome can be determined by following perturbations through the network in response to chemical treatment thus leading to the nodes associated with the adverse outcome Identification of candidate pathways allows for formation of testable hypotheses about key biological processes biomarkers or alternative endpoints that can be used to monitor an AOP Finally the unique challenges facing the application of this approach in ecotoxicology were identified and a road map for the utilization of these tools presented Environ Toxicol Chem 2011,30 22-38 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Perkins, Edward J.] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. [Chipman, J. Kevin; Falciani, Francesco; Antczak, Philipp] Univ Birmingham, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Edwards, Stephen] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Habib, Tanwir] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Taylor, Ronald] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Van Aggelen, Graham] Environm Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Vulpe, Chris; Loguinov, Alexandre] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perkins, EJ (reprint author), USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS USA. RI Antczak, Philipp/F-4517-2011 NR 97 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 22 EP 38 DI 10.1002/etc.374 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 701JM UT WOS:000285814200003 PM 20963852 ER PT J AU Kramer, VJ Etterson, MA Hecker, M Murphy, CA Roesijadi, G Spade, DJ Spromberg, JA Wang, M Ankley, GT AF Kramer, Vincent J. Etterson, Matthew A. Hecker, Markus Murphy, Cheryl A. Roesijadi, Guritno Spade, Daniel J. Spromberg, Julann A. Wang, Magnus Ankley, Gerald T. TI ADVERSE OUTCOME PATHWAYS AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT BRIDGING TO POPULATION-LEVEL EFFECTS SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SETAC Pellston Workshop CY APR 18-23, 2009 CL Forest Grove, OR SP SETAC DE Risk assessment; Chemical toxicity; Adverse outcome pathway; Population model; Pellston workshop ID CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; FRESH-WATER GASTROPOD; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTION; FISH POPULATIONS; 2 STRAINS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Maintaining the viability of populations of plants and animals is a key focus for environmental regulation Population level responses integrate the cumulative effects of chemical stressors on individuals as those individuals interact with and are affected by their conspecifics, competitors predators, prey habitat and other biotic and abiotic factors Models of population level effects of contaminants can integrate information from lower levels of biological organization and feed that information into higher level community and ecosystem models As individual level endpoints are used to predict population responses this requires that biological responses at lower levels of organization be translated Into a form that is usable by the population modeler In the current study we describe how mechanistic data as captured in adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) can be translated Into modeling focused on population level risk assessments First we describe the regulatory context surrounding population modeling, risk assessment and the emerging role of AOPs Then we present a succinct overview of different approaches to population modeling and discuss the types of data needed for these models We describe how different key biological processes measured at the level of the individual serve as the linkage or bridge between AOPs and predictions of population status including consideration of community level interactions and genetic adaptation Several case examples illustrate the potential for use of AOPs in population modeling and predictive ecotoxicology Finally we make recommendations for focusing toxicity studies to produce the quantitative data needed to define AOPs and to facilitate their incorporation into population modeling Environ Toxicol Chem 2011 30 64-76 (C) 2010 SETAC C1 [Kramer, Vincent J.] Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. [Etterson, Matthew A.; Ankley, Gerald T.] US EPA, Duluth, MN USA. [Hecker, Markus] ENTRIX, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Murphy, Cheryl A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Roesijadi, Guritno] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA USA. [Spade, Daniel J.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Spromberg, Julann A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Seattle, WA USA. [Wang, Magnus] RIFCON, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Kramer, VJ (reprint author), Dow AgroSci, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. NR 96 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 12 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 30 IS 1 BP 64 EP 76 DI 10.1002/etc.375 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 701JM UT WOS:000285814200006 PM 20963853 ER PT J AU Tannenbaum, JM Kang, BSJ Alvin, MA AF Tannenbaum, J. M. Kang, B. S. -J. Alvin, M. A. BE Monteiro, SN Verhulst, DE Anyalebechi, PN Pomykala, JA TI Material Performance of TBCs at High Temperature in Moisture-Containing Environments Using a Load-based Micro-indentation Technique SO EPD CONGRESS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Extraction-and-Processing-Division (EPD) held during 140th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div AB A load-based micro-indentation technique has been developed for damage assessment and non-destructive spallation detection of TBCs at room temperature. This micro-indentation technology has been further extended to the development of a high temperature (HT) test methodology. Elastic modulus calibration tests performed on H13 Tool Steel to 500 degrees C and Haynes 230 at 1000 degrees C displayed excellent agreement with reported values. Moreover, indentation creep tests of Haynes 230 at 1200 degrees C were found to be in agreement with known creep exponents as well. Finally, a HT thermal flux indentation apparatus was assembled for conducting TBC turbine component testing under high temperature moisture-containing environments (>= 50% steam with controlled gas content temperatures up to 1250 degrees C). Description and design considerations of this test apparatus are discussed. Preliminary tests of ReneN5/MCrAlY/APS TBC coupons in steam/air environments with in-situ HT micro-indentation testing are conducted. Furthermore, the coupon is removed and examined for damage assessment at periodical intervals. C1 [Tannenbaum, J. M.; Kang, B. S. -J.] West Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Alvin, M. A.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Tannenbaum, JM (reprint author), West Virginia Univ, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory [DE-C26-04NT41817.606.01.01] FX This research is supported by U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under Contract DE-C26-04NT41817.606.01.01. The support of Richard Dennis, NETL Turbine Technology Manager, is much appreciated. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11803-652-5 PY 2011 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIC58 UT WOS:000327402200002 ER PT J AU Westphal, BR Li, SX Fredrickson, GL Vaden, D Johnson, TA Wass, JC AF Westphal, B. R. Li, S. X. Fredrickson, G. L. Vaden, D. Johnson, T. A. Wass, J. C. BE Monteiro, SN Verhulst, DE Anyalebechi, PN Pomykala, JA TI EVALUATION OF 2.25Cr-1Mo ALLOY FOR CONTAINMENT OF LiCl/KCl EUTECTIC DURING THE PYROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF USED NUCLEAR FUEL SO EPD CONGRESS 2011 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Extraction-and-Processing-Division (EPD) held during 140th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div DE Pyroprocessing; Molten Salt; Corrosion ID CORROSION; KCL; METALS AB Recovery of uranium from the Mk-IV and Mk-V electrorefiner vessels containing a LiCl/KCl eutectic salt has been on-going during the pyrometallurgical processing of used nuclear fuel for 14 and 12 years, respectively. Although austenitic stainless steels are typically utilized for LiCl/KCl salt systems, the presence of cadmium in the Mk-IV electrorefiner dictates an alternate material. A 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy (ASME SA-387) was chosen due to the absence of nickel in the alloy which has a considerable solubility in cadmium. Using the transition metal impurities (iron, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and manganese) in the electrorefined uranium products, an algorithm was developed to derive values for the contribution of the transition metals from the various input sources. Weight loss and corrosion rate data for the Mk-V electrorefiner vessel were then generated based on the transition metal impurities in the uranium products. To date, the corrosion rate of the 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy in LiCl/KCl eutectic is "outstanding" assuming uniform (i.e. non-localized) conditions. C1 [Westphal, B. R.; Li, S. X.; Fredrickson, G. L.; Vaden, D.; Johnson, T. A.; Wass, J. C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Westphal, BR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11803-652-5 PY 2011 BP 569 EP 574 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BIC58 UT WOS:000327402200064 ER PT S AU Laurenzano, MA Meswani, M Carrington, L Snavely, A Tikir, MM Poole, S AF Laurenzano, Michael A. Meswani, Mitesh Carrington, Laura Snavely, Allan Tikir, Mustafa M. Poole, Stephen BE Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J TI Reducing Energy Usage with Memory and Computation-Aware Dynamic Frequency Scaling SO EURO-PAR 2011 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT 1 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE High Performance Computing; Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling; Benchmarking; Memory Latency; Energy Optimization AB Over the life of a modern supercomputer, the energy cost of running the system can exceed the cost of the original hardware purchase. This has driven the community to attempt to understand and minimize energy costs wherever possible. Towards these ends, we present an automated, fine-grained approach to selecting per-loop processor clock frequencies. The clock frequency selection criteria is established through a combination of lightweight static analysis and runtime tracing that automatically acquires application signatures - characterizations of the patterns of execution of each loop in an application. This application characterization is matched with one of a series of benchmark loops, which have been run on the target system and probe it in various ways. These benchmarks form a covering set, a machine characterization of the expected power consumption and performance traits of the machine over the space of execution patterns and clock frequencies. The frequency that confers the optimal behavior in terms of power-delay product for the benchmark that most closely resembles each application loop is the one chosen for that loop. The set of tools that implement this scheme is fully automated, built on top of freely available open source software, and uses an inexpensive power measurement apparatus. We use these tools to show a measured, system-wide energy savings of up to 7.6% on an 8-core Intel Xeon E5530 and 10.6% on a 32-core AMD Opteron 8380 (a Sun X4600 Node) across a range of workloads. C1 [Laurenzano, Michael A.; Meswani, Mitesh; Carrington, Laura; Snavely, Allan] San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tikir, Mustafa M.] Inc, Google, Mountain View, CA USA. [Poole, Stephen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Laurenzano, MA (reprint author), San Diego Supercomp Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM michaell@sdsc.edu; mitesh@sdsc.edu; lcarring@sdsc.edu; allans@sdsc.edu; mustafa.m.tikir@gmail.com; spoole@ornl.gov FU Department of Defense and used elements at the Extreme Scale Systems Center; Oak Ridge National Laboratory and - Department of Defense FX This work was funded in part by the Department of Defense and used elements at the Extreme Scale Systems Center, located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and funded by the Department of Defense. This work also used resources from Dash and from the Triton Resource at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. Special thanks to Phil Papadopoulos, Jim Hayes and Jeffrey Filliez at SDSC for their help related to gathering measurements on the Triton Resource. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-23400-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6852 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB3LA UT WOS:000342831000009 ER PT S AU Lindsay, AM Galloway-Carson, M Johnson, CR Bunde, DP Leung, VJ AF Lindsay, Alexander M. Galloway-Carson, Maxwell Johnson, Christopher R. Bunde, David P. Leung, Vitus J. BE Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J TI Backfilling with Guarantees Granted upon Job Submission SO EURO-PAR 2011 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT 1 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux ID PERFORMANCE; PREDICTIONS AB In this paper, we present scheduling algorithms that simultaneously support guaranteed starting times and favor jobs with system-desired traits. To achieve the first of these goals, our algorithms keep a profile with potential starting times for every unfinished job and never move these starting times later, just as in Conservative Backfilling. To achieve the second, they exploit previously unrecognized flexibility in the handling of holes opened in this profile when jobs finish early. We find that, with one choice of job selection function, our algorithms can consistently yield a lower average waiting time than Conservative Backfilling while still providing a guaranteed start time to each job as it arrives. In fact, in most cases, the algorithms give a lower average waiting time than the more aggressive EASY backfilling algorithm, which does not provide guaranteed start times. Alternately, with a different choice of job selection function, our algorithms can focus the benefit on the widest submitted jobs, the reason for the existence of parallel systems. In this case, these jobs experience significantly lower waiting time than Conservative Backfilling with minimal impact on other jobs. C1 [Lindsay, Alexander M.] iBASEt, Foothill Ranch, CA 92610 USA. [Galloway-Carson, Maxwell; Johnson, Christopher R.; Bunde, David P.] Knox Coll, Galesburg, IL USA. [Leung, Vitus J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lindsay, AM (reprint author), iBASEt, Foothill Ranch, CA 92610 USA. FU Sandia National Laboratories [763836, 899808]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX A.M. Lindsay, M. Galloway- Carson, C.R. Johnson, and D. P. Bunde were partially supported by contracts 763836 and 899808 from Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multipurpose laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed-Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. We also thank all those who contributed traces to the Parallel Workloads Archive. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-23400-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6852 BP 142 EP 153 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB3LA UT WOS:000342831000014 ER PT S AU Lakshminarasimhan, S Shah, N Ethier, S Klasky, S Latham, R Ross, R Samatova, NF AF Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram Shah, Neil Ethier, Stephane Klasky, Scott Latham, Rob Ross, Rob Samatova, Nagiza F. BE Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J TI Compressing the Incompressible with ISABELA: In-situ Reduction of Spatio-temporal Data SO EURO-PAR 2011 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT 1 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE Lossy Compression; B-spline; In-situ Processing; Data-intensive Application; High Performance Computing ID B-SPLINES AB Modern large-scale scientific simulations running on HPC systems generate data in the order of terabytes during a single run. To lessen the I/O load during a simulation run, scientists are forced to capture data infrequently, thereby making data collection an inherently lossy process. Yet, lossless compression techniques are hardly suitable for scientific data due to its inherently random nature; for the applications used here, they offer less than 10% compression rate. They also impose significant overhead during decompression, making them unsuitable for data analysis and visualization that require repeated data access. To address this problem, we propose an effective method for In-situ Sort-And-B-spline Error-bounded Lossy Abatement (ISABELA) of scientific data that is widely regarded as effectively incompressible. With ISABELA, we apply a preconditioner to seemingly random and noisy data along spatial resolution to achieve an accurate fitting model that guarantees a >= 0.99 correlation with the original data. We further take advantage of temporal patterns in scientific data to compress data by approximate to 85%, while introducing only a negligible overhead on simulations in terms of runtime. ISABELA significantly outperforms existing lossy compression methods, such as Wavelet compression. Moreover, besides being a communication-free and scalable compression technique, ISABELA is an inherently local decompression method, namely it does not decode the entire data, making it attractive for random access. C1 [Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Shah, Neil; Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lakshminarasimhan, Sriram; Klasky, Scott; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Ethier, Stephane] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. [Latham, Rob; Ross, Rob] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lakshminarasimhan, S (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu OI Latham, Rob/0000-0002-5285-6375 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center) [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DEFC02-10ER26002/DE-SC0004935, DE-FOA-0000256, DE-FOA-0000257]; U. S. National Science Foundation [CCF-1029711]; LLC U. S. D.O.E [DEAC05-00OR22725] FX This work was supported in part by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center, DE-AC02-06CH11357, DEFC02- 10ER26002/ DE-SC0004935, DE-FOA-0000256, DE-FOA-0000257) and the U. S. National Science Foundation (CCF-1029711 (Expeditions in Computing)). Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle for the LLC U. S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-23400-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6852 BP 366 EP 379 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB3LA UT WOS:000342831000034 ER PT S AU Ali, N Krishnamoorthy, S Govind, N Kowalski, K Sadayappan, P AF Ali, Nawab Krishnamoorthy, Sriram Govind, Niranjan Kowalski, Karol Sadayappan, Ponnuswamy BE Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J TI Application-Specific Fault Tolerance via Data Access Characterization SO EURO-PAR 2011 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT 2 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux DE Fault tolerance; Data access characterization; NWChem ID ROLLBACK-RECOVERY; DOUBLES MODEL; PERFORMANCE; CHEMISTRY; SINGLES; SYSTEMS AB Recent trends in semiconductor technology and supercomputer design predict an increasing probability of faults during an application's execution. Designing an application that is resilient to system failures requires careful evaluation of the impact of various approaches on preserving key application state. In this paper, we present our experiences in an ongoing effort to make a large computational chemistry application fault tolerant. We construct the data access signatures of key application modules to evaluate alternative fault tolerance approaches. We present the instrumentation methodology, characterization of the application modules, and evaluation of fault tolerance techniques using the information collected. The application signatures developed capture application characteristics not traditionally revealed by performance tools. We believe these can be used in the design and evaluation of runtimes beyond fault tolerance. C1 [Ali, Nawab; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Govind, Niranjan; Kowalski, Karol] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sadayappan, Ponnuswamy] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ali, N (reprint author), Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM nawab.ali@pnl.gov; sriram@pnl.gov; niri.govind@pnl.gov; karol.kowalski@pnl.gov; saday@cse.ohio-state.edu FU U. S. Department of Energy [47590, DE- AC05- 76RL01830]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ( PNNL). FX This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy via Grant 47590. A portion of the research was performed using the Molecular Science Computing ( MSC) capability at EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ( PNNL). PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE- AC05- 76RL01830. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-23397-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6853 BP 340 EP 352 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB3KY UT WOS:000342829200034 ER PT S AU Van Straalen, B Colella, P Graves, DT Keen, N AF Van Straalen, Brian Colella, Phil Graves, Daniel T. Keen, Noel BE Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J TI Petascale Block-Structured AMR Applications without Distributed Meta-data SO EURO-PAR 2011 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT 2 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux ID ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; 3 DIMENSIONS AB Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) applications to solve partial differential equations (PDE) are very challenging to scale efficiently to the petascale regime. We describe optimizations to the Chombo AMR framework that enable it to scale efficiently to petascale on the Cray XT5. We describe an example of a hyperbolic solver (inviscid gas dynamics) and an matrix-free geometric multigrid elliptic solver. Both show good weak scaling to 131K processors without any thread-level or SIMD vector parallelism. This paper describes the algorithms used to compress the Chombo metadata and the optimizations of the Chombo infrastructure that are necessary for this scaling result. That we are able to achieve petascale performance without distribution of the metadata is a significant advance which allows for much simpler and faster AMR codes. C1 [Van Straalen, Brian; Colella, Phil; Graves, Daniel T.; Keen, Noel] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Van Straalen, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Appl Numer Algorithms Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-23397-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6853 BP 377 EP 386 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB3KY UT WOS:000342829200037 ER PT S AU Jenkins, J Arkatkar, I Owens, JD Choudhary, A Samatova, NF AF Jenkins, John Arkatkar, Isha Owens, John D. Choudhary, Alok Samatova, Nagiza F. BE Jeannot, E Namyst, R Roman, J TI Lessons Learned from Exploring the Backtracking Paradigm on the GPU SO EURO-PAR 2011 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT 2 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2011 CL Bordeaux, FRANCE SP French Natl Inst Res Comp Sci & Control, Bordeaux Sud Ouest Ctr, Comp Sci Lab Bordeaux ID ALGORITHMS; CLIQUES AB We explore the backtracking paradigm with properties seen as sub-optimal for GPU architectures, using as a case study the maximal clique enumeration problem, and find that the presence of these properties limit GPU performance to approximately 1.4-2.25 times a single CPU core. The GPU performance "lessons" we find critical to providing this performance include a coarse-and-fine-grain parallelization of the search space, a low-overhead load-balanced distribution of work, global memory latency hiding through coalescence, saturation, and shared memory utilization, and the use of GPU output buffering as a solution to irregular workloads and a large solution domain. We also find a strong reliance on an efficient global problem structure representation that bounds any efficiencies gained from these lessons, and discuss the meanings of these results to backtracking problems in general. C1 [Jenkins, John; Arkatkar, Isha; Samatova, Nagiza F.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Jenkins, John; Arkatkar, Isha; Samatova, Nagiza F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Owens, John D.] Univ Calif, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Choudhary, Alok] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Samatova, NF (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM samatova@csc.ncsu.edu FU ARC; NVIDIA; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center and SciDAC Institute for Ultrascale Visualization); DOE [DE-SC0005340, DE- FG02-08ER25848, DE-FC02-10ER26002/ DE-SC0004935]; NSF [CCF1029166, CCF-1017399, IIS-0905205, CCF-0938000]; LLC U.S. D.O.E [DEAC05-00OR22725]; [NSF-CRI 0958311] FX We would like to thank Dr. W. Hendrix for useful discussions. Experiments were conducted in part on the ARC cluster support in part by NSF-CRI 0958311 and NVIDIA donations. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (SciDAC SDM Center and SciDAC Institute for Ultrascale Visualization), DOE DE-SC0005340, DOE DE- FG02-08ER25848, DE-FC02-10ER26002/ DE-SC0004935, NSF CCF1029166, CCF-1017399, IIS-0905205, and CCF-0938000. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT- Battelle for the LLC U.S. D.O.E. under contract no. DEAC05-00OR22725. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-23397-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6853 BP 425 EP 437 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB3KY UT WOS:000342829200042 ER PT J AU Silbar, RR Goldman, T AF Silbar, Richard R. Goldman, T. TI Solving the radial Dirac equations: a numerical odyssey SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUARK CONDENSATE; QUANTUM-THEORY; NUCLEON; SYMMETRY; ELECTRON; MODEL; CHARMONIUM; STATES AB We discuss, in a pedagogical way, how to solve for relativistic wavefunctions from the radial Dirac equations. We first solve the equations for a linear Lorentz scalar potential, V-s(r), that provides for confinement of a quark; the case of massless u and d quarks is necessarily relativistic. We use an iterative 'shooting and matching' procedure to find the eigenenergies and the upper and lower component wavefunctions. Solutions for the massive quarks (s, c, and b) are also presented. We then consider the Coulomb potential [V-v(r), 0]. We re-derive, numerically, the (analytically well-known) relativistic hydrogen atom eigenenergies and wavefunctions, and later extend that to the cases of heavier one-electron atoms and muonic atoms. Finally, we solve for a combination of the V-s and V-v potentials, when both potentials are linearly confining and V-v has a color Coulombic component. We establish when these potentials give a vanishing spin-orbit interaction (as is approximately the case in quark models of the baryonic spectrum). C1 [Silbar, Richard R.; Goldman, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silbar, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM silbar@lanl.gov; tgoldman@lanl.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0143-0807 J9 EUR J PHYS JI Eur. J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1088/0143-0807/32/1/021 PG 17 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA 696PO UT WOS:000285454000022 ER PT J AU Belloni, F Calviani, M Colonna, N Mastinu, P Milazzo, PM Abbondanno, U Aerts, G Alvarez, H Alvarez-Velarde, F Andriamonje, S Andrzejewski, J Audouin, L Badurek, G Baumann, P Becvar, F Berthoumieux, E Calvino, F Cano-Ott, D Capote, R Carrapico, C Cennini, P Chepel, V Chiaveri, E Cortes, G Couture, A Cox, J Dahlfors, M David, S Dillmann, I Domingo-Pardo, C Dridi, W Duran, I Eleftheriadis, C Embid-Segura, M Ferrari, A Ferreira-Marques, R Fujii, K Furman, W Goncalves, I Gonzalez-Romero, E Goverdovski, A Gramegna, F Guerrero, C Gunsing, F Haas, B Haight, R Heil, M Herrera-Martinez, A Igashira, M Jericha, E Kappeler, F Kadi, Y Karadimos, D Karamanis, D Kerveno, M Koehler, P Kossionides, E Krticka, M Lamboudis, C Leeb, H Lindote, A Lopes, I Lozano, M Lukic, S Marganiec, J Marrone, S Martinez, T Massimi, C Meaze, MH Mengoni, A Moreau, C Mosconi, M Neves, F Oberhummer, H O'Brien, S Pancin, J Papachristodoulou, C Papadopoulos, C Paradela, C Patronis, N Pavlik, A Pavlopoulos, P Perrot, L Pigni, MT Plag, R Plompen, A Plukis, A Poch, A Praena, J Pretel, C Quesada, J Rauscher, T Reifarth, R Rosetti, M Rubbia, C Rudolf, G Rullhusen, P Salgado, J Santos, C Sarchiapone, L Savvidis, I Stephan, C Tagliente, G Tain, JL Tassan-Got, L Tavora, L Terlizzi, R Vannini, G Vaz, P Ventura, A Villamarin, D Vincente, MC Vlachoudis, V Vlastou, R Voss, F Walter, S Wiescher, M Wisshak, K AF Belloni, F. Calviani, M. Colonna, N. Mastinu, P. Milazzo, P. M. Abbondanno, U. Aerts, G. Alvarez, H. Alvarez-Velarde, F. Andriamonje, S. Andrzejewski, J. Audouin, L. Badurek, G. Baumann, P. Becvar, F. Berthoumieux, E. Calvino, F. Cano-Ott, D. Capote, R. Carrapico, C. Cennini, P. Chepel, V. Chiaveri, E. Cortes, G. Couture, A. Cox, J. Dahlfors, M. David, S. Dillmann, I. Domingo-Pardo, C. Dridi, W. Duran, I. Eleftheriadis, C. Embid-Segura, M. Ferrari, A. Ferreira-Marques, R. Fujii, K. Furman, W. Goncalves, I. Gonzalez-Romero, E. Goverdovski, A. Gramegna, F. Guerrero, C. Gunsing, F. Haas, B. Haight, R. Heil, M. Herrera-Martinez, A. Igashira, M. Jericha, E. Kaeppeler, F. Kadi, Y. Karadimos, D. Karamanis, D. Kerveno, M. Koehler, P. Kossionides, E. Krticka, M. Lamboudis, C. Leeb, H. Lindote, A. Lopes, I. Lozano, M. Lukic, S. Marganiec, J. Marrone, S. Martinez, T. Massimi, C. Meaze, M. H. Mengoni, A. Moreau, C. Mosconi, M. Neves, F. Oberhummer, H. O'Brien, S. Pancin, J. Papachristodoulou, C. Papadopoulos, C. Paradela, C. Patronis, N. Pavlik, A. Pavlopoulos, P. Perrot, L. Pigni, M. T. Plag, R. Plompen, A. Plukis, A. Poch, A. Praena, J. Pretel, C. Quesada, J. Rauscher, T. Reifarth, R. Rosetti, M. Rubbia, C. Rudolf, G. Rullhusen, P. Salgado, J. Santos, C. Sarchiapone, L. Savvidis, I. Stephan, C. Tagliente, G. Tain, J. L. Tassan-Got, L. Tavora, L. Terlizzi, R. Vannini, G. Vaz, P. Ventura, A. Villamarin, D. Vincente, M. C. Vlachoudis, V. Vlastou, R. Voss, F. Walter, S. Wiescher, M. Wisshak, K. CA n TOF Collaboration TI Neutron-induced fission cross-section of U-233 in the energy range 0.5 < E-n < 20 MeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID TOF; STANDARDS; CERN AB The neutron-induced fission cross-section of U-233 has been measured at the CERN n_TOF facility relative to the standard fission cross-section of U-235 between 0.5 and 20MeV. The experiment was performed with a fast ionization chamber for the detection of the fission fragments and to discriminate against alpha-particles from the natural radioactivity of the samples. The high instantaneous flux and the low background of the n_TOF facility result in data with uncertainties of approximate to 3%, which were found in good agreement with previous experiments. The high quality of the present results allows to improve the evaluation of the U-233(n, f) cross-section and, consequently, the design of energy systems based on the Th/U cycle. C1 [Belloni, F.; Milazzo, P. M.; Abbondanno, U.; Fujii, K.; Moreau, C.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, Trieste, Italy. [Calviani, M.; Mastinu, P.; Gramegna, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, Lab Nazl Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy. [Calviani, M.; Cennini, P.; Chiaveri, E.; Dahlfors, M.; Ferrari, A.; Herrera-Martinez, A.; Kadi, Y.; Mengoni, A.; Sarchiapone, L.; Vlachoudis, V.] CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. [Colonna, N.; Marrone, S.; Meaze, M. H.; Tagliente, G.; Terlizzi, R.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, Bari, Italy. [Aerts, G.; Andriamonje, S.; Berthoumieux, E.; Dridi, W.; Gunsing, F.; Pancin, J.; Perrot, L.; Plukis, A.] CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Alvarez, H.; Cano-Ott, D.; Duran, I.; Embid-Segura, M.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Paradela, C.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Alvarez-Velarde, F.; Guerrero, C.; Martinez, T.; Villamarin, D.; Vincente, M. C.] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambient & Technol, Madrid, Spain. [Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.] Univ Lodz, PL-90131 Lodz, Poland. [Audouin, L.; Dillmann, I.; Heil, M.; Kaeppeler, F.; Mosconi, M.; Plag, R.; Voss, F.; Walter, S.; Wisshak, K.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Badurek, G.; Jericha, E.; Leeb, H.; Oberhummer, H.; Pigni, M. T.] Vienna Univ Technol, Atominst Osterreich Univ, Vienna, Austria. [Baumann, P.; David, S.; Kerveno, M.; Lukic, S.; Rudolf, G.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, IN2P3 IReS, Strasbourg, France. [Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Calvino, F.; Cortes, G.; Poch, A.; Pretel, C.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Capote, R.; Mengoni, A.] Int Atom Energy Agcy IAEA, NAPC Nucl Data Sect, Vienna, Austria. [Capote, R.; Lozano, M.; Praena, J.; Quesada, J.] Univ Seville, Seville, Spain. [Carrapico, C.; Goncalves, I.; Salgado, J.; Santos, C.; Tavora, L.; Vaz, P.] Inst Tecnol Nucl ITN, Lisbon, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, LIP Coimbra, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Chepel, V.; Ferreira-Marques, R.; Lindote, A.; Lopes, I.; Neves, F.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Fis, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. [Couture, A.; Cox, J.; O'Brien, S.; Wiescher, M.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Domingo-Pardo, C.; Tain, J. L.] Univ Valencia, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. [Eleftheriadis, C.; Lamboudis, C.; Savvidis, I.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. [Furman, W.; Haight, R.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, Dubna, Russia. [Goverdovski, A.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Haas, B.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, IN2P3 CENBG, Bordeaux, France. [Reifarth, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Igashira, M.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Tokyo 152, Japan. [Karadimos, D.; Karamanis, D.; Papachristodoulou, C.; Patronis, N.] Univ Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Koehler, P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kossionides, E.] NCSR, Athens, Greece. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Fis, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Massimi, C.; Vannini, G.] Sez INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy. [Papadopoulos, C.; Vlastou, R.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, GR-10682 Athens, Greece. [Pavlik, A.] Univ Vienna, Inst Fak Phys, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Pavlopoulos, P.] Pole Univ Leonard de Vinci, Paris, France. [Plompen, A.; Rullhusen, P.] CEC JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. [Rauscher, T.] Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. [Rosetti, M.; Ventura, A.] ENEA, Bologna, Italy. [Rubbia, C.] Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Stephan, C.; Tassan-Got, L.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci, IN2P3 IPN, Orsay, France. RP Belloni, F (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl INFN, Trieste, Italy. EM paolo.milazzo@ts.infn.it RI Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012; Becvar, Frantisek/D-3824-2012; Jericha, Erwin/A-4094-2011; Ventura, Alberto/B-9584-2011; Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Lindote, Alexandre/H-4437-2013; Neves, Francisco/H-4744-2013; Goncalves, Isabel/J-6954-2013; Vaz, Pedro/K-2464-2013; Lopes, Isabel/A-1806-2014; Tain, Jose L./K-2492-2014; Cano Ott, Daniel/K-4945-2014; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/K-5267-2014; Guerrero, Carlos/L-3251-2014; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/L-7561-2014; Pretel Sanchez, Carme/L-8287-2014; Martinez, Trinitario/K-6785-2014; Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Massimi, Cristian/B-2401-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Alvarez Pol, Hector/F-1930-2011; Massimi, Cristian/K-2008-2015; Paradela, Carlos/J-1492-2012; Calvino, Francisco/K-5743-2014; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012 OI Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602; Jericha, Erwin/0000-0002-8663-0526; Ventura, Alberto/0000-0001-6748-7931; Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Lindote, Alexandre/0000-0002-7965-807X; Neves, Francisco/0000-0003-3635-1083; Vaz, Pedro/0000-0002-7186-2359; Lopes, Isabel/0000-0003-0419-903X; Cano Ott, Daniel/0000-0002-9568-7508; Quesada Molina, Jose Manuel/0000-0002-2038-2814; Guerrero, Carlos/0000-0002-2111-546X; Gonzalez Romero, Enrique/0000-0003-2376-8920; Martinez, Trinitario/0000-0002-0683-5506; Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0001-9792-3722; Alvarez Pol, Hector/0000-0001-9643-6252; Massimi, Cristian/0000-0003-2499-5586; Calvino, Francisco/0000-0002-7198-4639; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038 FU EC [FIKW-CT-2000-00107] FX This work was supported by the EC under contract FIKW-CT-2000-00107 and by the funding agencies of the participating institutes. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1140/epja/i2011-11002-y PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 737ED UT WOS:000288550800006 ER PT J AU Gao, H Gamberg, L Chen, JP Qian, X Qiang, Y Huang, M Afanasev, A Anselmino, M Avakian, H Cates, G Chudakov, E Cisbani, E de Jager, C Garibaldi, F Hu, BT Jiang, X Kumar, KS Li, XM Lu, HJ Meziani, ZE Ma, BQ Mao, YJ Peng, JC Prokudin, A Schlegel, M Souder, P Xiao, ZG Ye, Y Zhu, L AF Gao, H. Gamberg, L. Chen, J. -P. Qian, X. Qiang, Y. Huang, M. Afanasev, A. Anselmino, M. Avakian, H. Cates, G. Chudakov, E. Cisbani, E. de Jager, C. Garibaldi, F. Hu, B. T. Jiang, X. Kumar, K. S. Li, X. M. Lu, H. J. Meziani, Z. -E. Ma, B. -Q. Mao, Y. J. Peng, J. -C. Prokudin, A. Schlegel, M. Souder, P. Xiao, Z. G. Ye, Y. Zhu, L. TI Transverse spin structure of the nucleon through target single-spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic (e, e 'pi(+/-)) reaction at Jefferson Lab SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SIVERS FUNCTION; DRELL-YAN; SHASHLYK CALORIMETER; SOFFERS INEQUALITY; SPECTATOR MODEL; LEPTOPRODUCTION; SCATTERING; EVOLUTION AB Jefferson Lab (JLab) 12 GeV energy upgrade provides a golden opportunity to perform precision studies of the transverse spin and transverse-momentum-dependent structure in the valence quark region for both the proton and the neutron. In this paper, we focus our discussion on a recently approved experiment on the neutron as an example of the precision studies planned at JLab. The new experiment will perform precision measurements of target Single-Spin Asymmetries (SSA) from semi-inclusive electro-production of charged pions from a 40 cm long transversely polarized He-3 target in deep-inelastic-scattering kinematics using 11 and 8.8 GeV electron beams. This new coincidence experiment in Hall A will employ a newly proposed solenoid spectrometer (SoLID). The large acceptance spectrometer and the high polarized luminosity will provide precise 4D (x, z, PT and Q(2)) data on the Collins, Sivers, and pretzelosity asymmetries for the neutron through the azimuthal angular dependence. The full 2 pi azimuthal angular coverage in the lab is essential in controlling the systematic uncertainties. The results from this experiment, when combined with the proton Collins asymmetry measurement and the Collins fragmentation function determined from the e(+)e(-) collision data, will allow for a quark flavor separation in order to achieve a determination of the tensor charge of the d quark to a 10% accuracy. The extracted Sivers and pretzelosity asymmetries will provide important information to understand the correlations between the quark orbital angular momentum and the nucleon spin and between the quark spin and nucleon spin. C1 [Gao, H.; Huang, M.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Gamberg, L.] Penn State Univ Berks, Reading, PA 19610 USA. [Chen, J. -P.; Qiang, Y.; Avakian, H.; Chudakov, E.; de Jager, C.; Prokudin, A.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Qian, X.] CALTECH, Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Afanasev, A.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. [Anselmino, M.] Univ Turin, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Anselmino, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Cates, G.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. [Cisbani, E.; Garibaldi, F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma 3, I-00146 Rome, Italy. [Hu, B. T.] Lanzhou Univ, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Jiang, X.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Kumar, K. S.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Li, X. M.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Lu, H. J.] Huangshan Univ, Huangshan, Peoples R China. [Meziani, Z. -E.] Temple Univ, Philadalphia, PA 19122 USA. [Ma, B. -Q.; Mao, Y. J.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Peng, J. -C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Schlegel, M.] Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. [Souder, P.] Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Xiao, Z. G.] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Ye, Y.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Peoples R China. RP Gao, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Cisbani, Evaristo/C-9249-2011; Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; OI Cisbani, Evaristo/0000-0002-6774-8473; Afanasev, Andrei/0000-0003-0679-3307 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-84ER40150, DE-FG02-03ER41231, DE-FG02-07ER41460] FX This work is supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contracts, DE-AC05-84ER40150, modification No. M175, under which the Southeastern Universities Research Association operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, DE-FG02-03ER41231 (HG), and DE-FG02-07ER41460 (LG). NR 89 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2190-5444 J9 EUR PHYS J PLUS JI Eur. Phys. J. Plus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 126 IS 1 AR 2 DI 10.1140/epjp/i2011-11002-4 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 760EC UT WOS:000290305900013 ER PT J AU Zhang, WJ Li, FX Tolbert, LM AF Zhang, Wenjuan Li, Fangxing Tolbert, Leon M. TI Interpolation approximation of voltage stability constrained opf (vscopf) for reactive power planning SO EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER LA English DT Article DE voltage stability constrained optimal power flow (VSCOPF); reactive power planning (RPP); total transfer capability (TTC); stability margin (SM); interpolation ID SYSTEM SECURITY; ALGORITHMS; MODEL; FLOW AB Reactive power planning (RPP), or Var planning, is to identify the optimal size and location of reactive power sources. In this paper, first, the previous work using least square method to simplify the voltage stability constrained OPF (VSCOPF) model for RPP is presented. Then, this paper presents a new model simplification solution using interpolation. The interpolation approach can be easily applied to a piecewise formulation while preserving the continuity at boundary points, which cannot be easily achieved by previous works like the least square method. The proposed interpolation approach is numerically tested and compared with the least square approach. It is concluded that interpolation is an improved model simplification approach for RPP. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Zhang, Wenjuan; Li, Fangxing; Tolbert, Leon M.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhang, Wenjuan] Calif Independent Syst Operator, Folsom, CA USA. [Tolbert, Leon M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, FX (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM fli6@utk.edu RI Li, Fangxing/E-6023-2013; OI Li, Fangxing/0000-0003-1060-7618; Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X FU National Science Foundation [NSF ECS-0093884]; Oak Ridge National Laboratory [4000041689] FX The authors would like to thank the financial support in part by the National Science Foundation under Contract NSF ECS-0093884 and Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract 4000041689. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1430-144X J9 EUR T ELECTR POWER JI Eur. Trans. Electr. Power PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1002/etep.423 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 731TQ UT WOS:000288132700016 ER PT J AU Easterbrook, DJ Gosse, J Sherard, C Evenson, E Finkel, R AF Easterbrook, Don J. Gosse, John Sherard, Cody Evenson, Ed Finkel, Robert BE Easterbrook, D TI Evidence for Synchronous Global Climatic Events: Cosmogenic Exposure Ages of Glaciations SO EVIDENCE-BASED CLIMATE SCIENCE: DATA OPPOSING CO2 EMISSIONS AS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF GLOBAL WARMING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID YOUNGER-DRYAS-AGE; CORDILLERAN ICE-SHEET; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; LOCH-LOMOND READVANCE; FRANZ-JOSEF-GLACIER; LATE PLEISTOCENE; ALPINE-GLACIATION; CASCADE RANGE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LAST GLACIATION C1 [Easterbrook, Don J.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Gosse, John] Dalhousie Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Sherard, Cody] Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Evenson, Ed] Earth & Environm Sci Dept, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Finkel, Robert] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Easterbrook, DJ (reprint author), Western Washington Univ, Dept Geol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. NR 81 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-385957-0 PY 2011 BP 53 EP 88 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385956-3.10002-6 PG 36 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BEQ86 UT WOS:000317759000003 ER PT B AU Kubarovsky, V Bedlinsky, I Stoler, P AF Kubarovsky, V. Bedlinsky, I. Stoler, P. BE Radyushkin, A TI DEEPLY VIRTUAL PSEUDOSCALAR MESON PRODUCTION WITH CLAS SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil ID HARD EXCLUSIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION C1 [Kubarovsky, V.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Bedlinsky, I.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. [Stoler, P.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. RP Kubarovsky, V (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM vpk@jlab.org; stoler@rpi.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX We acknowledge the outstanding efforts of the staff of the Accelerator and Physics Divisions at Jefferson Lab that made this experiment possible. We also acknowledge useful discussions with H. Avakian, A. Afanasev, M. Burkardt, V. Burkert, R. De Masi, L. Elouadrhiri, M. Garcon, F-X Girod, M. Guidal, G. Goldstein, K. Joo, J-M. Laget, S. Liuti, S. Niccolai, R. Niyazov, A. Radyushkin, S. Stepanyan, M. Strikman, I. Strakovski, M, Ungaro, C. Weiss, and B. Zhao. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and National Science Foundation. The Jefferson Science Associates (JSA) operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-06OR23177. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 77 EP 84 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500009 ER PT B AU Park, K AF Park, Kijun BE Radyushkin, A TI MEASUREMENT OF THE GENERALIZED FORM FACTORS NEAR PION THRESHOLD VIA gamma*p -> n pi(+) IN CLAS SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE CLAS; Threshold Pion; S-wave; Generalized Form Factors; Differential Cross Section ID ELECTROPRODUCTION AB We extracted the multipoles near pion threshold for the first time at high momentum transfers (Q(2)) in the n pi(+) final state channel. The dominance of the S-wave transverse multipole (E0+) is expected in this region, which allows us to access the new generalized form factors G(1), G(2) within the Light-Cone-Sum-Rule (LCSR) framework. In this analysis, we used one of the recent CLAS experimental data sets which utilized the high-energy polarized electron beam on unpolarized proton target using the 4 pi detector coverage. We measured the differential cross sections and extracted the multipoles using two methods, LCSR and multipole fit. Both methods show consistent results, which are almost Q(2) independent. C1 [Park, Kijun] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Park, K (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM parkkj@jlab.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 157 EP 165 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500018 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ De Teramond, GF Deur, A AF Brodsky, Stanley J. De Teramond, Guy F. Deur, Alexandre BE Radyushkin, A TI THE ADS/QCD CORRESPONDENCE AND EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil ID WAVE-FUNCTION REPRESENTATION; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT; LANDAU GAUGE QCD; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; FORM-FACTORS; COLOR-TRANSPARENCY; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING AB The AdS/CFT correspondence between theories in AdS space and conformal field theories in physical space-time provides an analytic, semi-classical, color confining model for strongly-coupled QCD. The soft-wall AdS/QCD model, modified by a positive-sign dilaton metric, leads to a remarkable one-parameter description of nonperturbative hadron dynamics at zero quark mass, including a zero-mass pion and meson and baryon Regge spectra of linear trajectories with the same slope in orbital angular momentum L and radial quantum number n. One also predicts the form of the non-perturbative effective coupling alpha(AdS)(s) (Q) and its beta-function which agrees with the effective coupling alpha(g1) extracted from the Bjorken sum rule. Light-front holography, which connects the fifth-dimensional coordinate of AdS space z to an invariant impact separation variable zeta, allows one to compute the analytic form of the frame-independent light-front wavefunctions, the fundamental entities which encode hadron properties as well as decay constants, form factors, deeply-virtual Compton scattering, exclusive heavy hadron decays, and other exclusive scattering amplitudes. One thus obtains a relativistic description of hadrons in QCD at the amplitude level with dimensional counting for exclusive reactions at high momentum transfer. As specific examples, we discuss the behavior of the pion and nucleon form factors in the space-like and time-like regions. We also review the phenomenology of exclusive processes including some anomalous empirical results. C1 [Brodsky, Stanley J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. [Brodsky, Stanley J.] Southern Denmark Univ, Origins CP3, Odense, Denmark. [De Teramond, Guy F.] Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Deur, Alexandre] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu; gdt@asterix.crnet.cr; deurpam@jlab.org FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515, DE-AC05-84ER40150] FX We thank Volker Burkert, John Cornwall, Sadataka Furui, Philipp Hagler, Wolfgang Korsch, G. Peter Lepage, Takemichi Okui, Joannis Papavassiliou, Anatoly Radyushkin, Craig Roberts, Robert Shrock, and Peter Tandy for helpful comments. This research was supported by the Department of Energy contracts DE-AC02-76SF00515 and DE-AC05-84ER40150. Invited talk, presented by SJB at the Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer (IV), May 18-21, 2010, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA. SLAC-PUB-14208, CP3-Origins-2010-3, and Jlab-PHY-10-1135. NR 127 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 175 EP 200 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500020 ER PT B AU Roberts, HLL Chang, L Cloet, IC Roberts, CD AF Roberts, H. L. L. Chang, L. Cloet, I. C. Roberts, C. D. BE Radyushkin, A TI EXPOSING THE DRESSED QUARK'S MASS SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE Confinement; dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; Dyson-Schwinger equations; light-front methods; hadron form factors; hadron spectrum ID PION FORM-FACTOR; QCD; EQUATIONS; NEUTRON; PHYSICS; THEOREM; DYSON; MODEL AB This snapshot of recent progress in hadron physics made in connection with QCD's Dyson-Schwinger equations includes: a perspective on confinement and dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB); a precis on the physics of in-hadron condensates; results on the hadron spectrum, including dressed-quark core masses for the nucleon and Delta, their first radial excitations, and the parity partners of these states; an illustration of the impact of DCSB on the electromagnetic pion form factor, thereby exemplifying how data can be used to chart the momentum-dependence of the dressed-quark mass function; and a prediction that F-1(p,d)/F-1(p,u) passes through zero at Q(2) approximate to 5m(N)(2) owing to the presence of nonpointlike scalar and axial-vector diquark correlations in the nucleon. C1 [Roberts, H. L. L.; Roberts, C. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Roberts, H. L. L.; Roberts, C. D.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Chang, L.] Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. [Cloet, I. C.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Roberts, C. D.] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Roberts, HLL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cdroberts@anl.gov FU Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH; National Natural Science Foundation of China [10705002]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG03-97ER4014]; Department of Energy's Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship programme FX We acknowledge valuable discussions with C. Hanhart, T.-S.H. Lee, V. Mokeev, S. Riordan, S. M. Schmidt, P. C. Tandy and B. Wojtsekhowski. This work was supported by: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH (HLLR, CDR); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, contract no. 10705002 (LC); the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, contract nos. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (HLLR, CDR) and DE-FG03-97ER4014 (ICC); and the Department of Energy's Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship programme (HLLR). NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 201 EP 211 PG 11 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500021 ER PT B AU Puckett, AJR AF Puckett, A. J. R. CA GEp-III Collaboration BE Radyushkin, A TI FINAL RESULTS OF THE GEp-III EXPERIMENT AND THE STATUS OF THE PROTON FORM FACTORS SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE Proton Form Factors; Recoil Polarization Method ID LARGE-MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; SQUARED 4-MOMENTUM TRANSFERS; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-SCATTERING AB The recently published final results of experiment E04-108 in Jefferson Lab Hall C extend the recoil polarization measurements of the ratio of the proton electric and magnetic form factors to Q(2) = 8.5 GeV2, an increase in Q(2) coverage of more than 50%. A global fit of G(E)(p) and G(M)(p) to selected data for electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections and polarization observables is presented, illustrating the statistical impact of the new results. C1 [Puckett, A. J. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [GEp-III Collaboration] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Puckett, AJR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM puckett@jlab.org NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 222 EP 229 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500023 ER PT B AU Khandaker, M AF Khandaker, M. CA JLab Hall EMFF Collaboration BE Radyushkin, A TI PROTON FORM FACTOR RATIO MEASUREMENTS AT HIGH Q(2) WITH SUPER BIGBITE SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil ID POLARIZATION TRANSFER; SCATTERING AB A proposed measurement of the proton electromagnetic form factor ratio, mu(p)G(E)(p)/G(M)(p) using the Super Bigbite apparatus is presented. The proposed instrumentation will allow measurements of three nucleon electromagnetic form factors G(E)(p), G(E)(n), and G(M)(n) with unprecedented precision to Q(2)-values up to three times higher than existing data. C1 [Khandaker, M.] Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Khandaker, M (reprint author), Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. EM mahbub@jlab.org FU DOE under Jefferson Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC05-06OR23177] FX This work is supported by DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 249 EP 257 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500026 ER PT B AU Rioirdan, S Cates, GD Wojtsekhowski, B AF Rioirdan, S. Cates, G. D. Wojtsekhowski, B. BE Radyushkin, A TI THE ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FORM FACTORS OF THE NEUTRON WITH SUPER BIGBITE SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE Neutron; Form factors; Electric form factor; Sachs form factors AB Electromagnetic form factors provide experimental access to information about the underlying quark charge and magnetic moment distributions of the nucleon. By performing measurements of these form factors and comparing them to theories containing important aspects of QCD, we gain insight into the generation nucleon structure. Measurements of the form factors of the neutron are generally over a smaller range of Q(2) compared to that of the proton, but are are equally as important to complete our picture of the nucleon. Presented are two approved experiments using the proposed Super Bigbite spectrometer which will extend these measurements to a range of Q(2) comparable to that of the present proton form factors as well as with comparable precision. C1 [Rioirdan, S.; Cates, G. D.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Wojtsekhowski, B.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Rioirdan, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM spr4y@virginia.edu; bogdanw@jlab.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 258 EP 265 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500027 ER PT B AU Ungaro, M AF Ungaro, M. BE Radyushkin, A TI CLAS DATA AND PROGRESS IN THE INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRO-EXCITATION OF NUCLEON RESONANCES SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE CLAS; barion resonances; transition form factors ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; TRANSITION FORM-FACTORS; HADRON PHYSICS; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB We present an overview of selected CLAS nucleon excitations results: electroproduction of single pion from the Delta(1232), Roper, D-13(1520) resonances and electro-production of double pion N pi(+)pi(-). These and other CLAS measurements, coupled with recent theoretical developments, will allow non-perturbative approaches to shed lights on the role of quarks and gluons in nuclei and address issues such as confinement and the non-zero quark mass in the chiral limit. C1 [Ungaro, M.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ungaro, M.] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ungaro, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM ungaro@jlab.org NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 275 EP 286 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500029 ER PT B AU Ramalho, G Gross, F Pena, MT Tsushima, K AF Ramalho, G. Gross, F. Pena, M. T. Tsushima, K. BE Radyushkin, A TI A COVARIANT FORMALISM FOR THE N* ELECTROPRODUCTION AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE Covariant quark model; Nucleon resonances; Meson cloud ID NUCLEON; DELTA; MODEL AB A constituent quark model based on the spectator formalism is applied to the gamma N -> N* transition for the three cases, where N* is the nucleon, the Delta and the Roper resonance. The model is covariant, and therefore can be used for the predictions at higher four-momentum transfer squared, Q(2). The baryons are described as an off-mass-shell quark and a spectator on-mass-shell diquark systems. The quark electromagnetic current is described by quark form factors, which have a form inspired by the vector meson dominance. The valence quark contributions of the model are calibrated by lattice QCD simulations and experimental data. Contributions of the meson cloud to the inelastic processes are explicitly included. C1 [Ramalho, G.; Pena, M. T.] Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Gross, F.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Gross, F.] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Pena, M. T.] Inst Super Tecn, Dept Fis, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. [Tsushima, K.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, EBAC Theory Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ramalho, G (reprint author), Ctr Fis Teor Particulas, Av Rovisco Pais, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. EM gilberto.ramalho@cftp.ist.utl.pt FU Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/26886/2006] FX G. R. would like to thank Viktor Mokeev for the invitation to the workshop. G. R. was supported by the Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) under the grant SFRH/BPD/26886/2006. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 287 EP 294 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500030 ER PT B AU Prokudin, A AF Prokudin, A. BE Radyushkin, A TI TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DEPENDENT DISTRIBUTIONS IN HARD SCATTERING SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil ID INELASTIC-SCATTERING; SPIN ASYMMETRIES; SINGLE-SPIN; NUCLEON; MODEL AB Transverse Momentum Dependent Distributions (TMDs) describe the spin structure of the proton. At leading twist spin structure of spin-1/2 hadron can be described by 8 TMDs. TMDs reveal three-dimensional distribution of partons inside polarised nucleon. Experimentally these functions can be studied in polarised experiments using Spin Asymmetries in particular Single Spin Asymmetries (SSAs). We discuss transversity that measures distribution of transversely polarised quarks in a transversely polarised nucleon and Sivers distribution function that describes distribution of unpolarised quarks in a transversely polarised nucleon. C1 [Prokudin, A.] Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Prokudin, A (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM prokudin@jlab.org NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 295 EP 302 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500031 ER PT B AU Bland, LC AF Bland, L. C. BE Radyushkin, A TI STUDIES OF TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE IN PP SCATTERING SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; DRELL-YAN; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SPIN ASYMMETRIES; BOSON PRODUCTION; ANALYZING POWER; DISTRIBUTIONS; REGION AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory is the first and only polarized collider in the world. Measurements with polarized proton collisions that are sensitive to gluon polarization find small values. Measurements of transverse single spin asymmetries find large values. Present understanding is that these spin effects are from spin-correlated transverse momentum dependence in distribution and fragmentation functions. A summary of existing measurements, and plans for the future are presented. C1 [Bland, L. C.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bland, LC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM bland@bnl.xxx NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 321 EP 329 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500034 ER PT B AU Musch, BU Hagler, P Negele, JW Schafer, A AF Musch, B. U. Haegler, Ph. Negele, J. W. Schaefer, A. BE Radyushkin, A TI TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DEPENDENT QUARK DENSITIES FROM LATTICE QCD SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE transverse momentum; parton distribution functions; lattice; QCD ID RENORMALIZATION; HADRON; LEPTOPRODUCTION; OPERATORS AB We study transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) with non-local operators in lattice QCD, using MILC/LHPC lattices. Results obtained with a simplified operator geometry show visible dipole deformations of spin-dependent quark momentum densities. We discuss the basic concepts of the method, including renormalization of the gauge link, and an extension to a more elaborate operator geometry that would allow us to analyze process-dependent TMDs such as the Sivers-function. C1 [Musch, B. U.] Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Haegler, Ph.] Tech Univ Munich, Theoret Phys T39, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Negele, J. W.] MIT, Ctr Theoret Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Schaefer, A.] Univ Regensburg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. RP Musch, BU (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Ctr Theory, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM bmusch@jlab.org; phaegler@ph.tum.de FU Emmy-Noether program of the DFG [SFB/TRR-55]; cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of the DFG [SFB/TRR-55]; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-94ER40818]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; U.S. Government FX We are very grateful to the LHP and MILC collaborations, for providing us gauge configurations and propagators. We thank Vladimir Braun, Meinulf Gockeler, Gunnar Bali, Markus Diehl, Alexei Bazavov, and Dru Renner for very helpful discussions. Our software uses the Chroma-library [27], and we use USQCD computing resources at Jefferson Lab. We acknowledge support by the Emmy-Noether program and the cluster of excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe" of the DFG (Ph.H. and B.M.), SFB/TRR-55 (A.S.) and the US Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-94ER40818 (J.N.). Authored by Jefferson Science Associates, LLC under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC05-06OR23177. The U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce this manuscript for U.S. Government purposes. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500036 ER PT B AU Avakian, H Efremov, AV Schweitzer, P Teryaev, OV Zavada, P AF Avakian, H. Efremov, A. V. Schweitzer, P. Teryaev, O. V. Zavada, P. BE Radyushkin, A TI QUARK ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM: CAN WE LEARN ABOUT IT FROM GPDs AND TMDs? SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE nucleon spin structure; quark models; orbital angular momentum ID GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; SINGLE-SPIN ASYMMETRIES; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; DRELL-YAN; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; GAUGE; NUCLEON; QCD AB It is known how to access information on quark orbital angular momentum from generalized parton distribution functions, in a certain specified framework. It is intuitively expected, that such information can be accessed also through transverse momentum dependent distribution functions, but not known how. Now quark models provide promising hints. Recent results are reviewed. C1 [Avakian, H.] Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Efremov, A. V.; Teryaev, O. V.] JINR, Bogoliubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Schweitzer, P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Zavada, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, CZ-18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic. RP Avakian, H (reprint author), Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM avakian@jlab.org; peter.schweitzer@phys.uconn.xxx FU RF MSE [RNP.2.2.2.2.6546]; Heisenberg-Landau Program of JINR; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [AV0Z10100502]; DOE under Jefferson Science Associates, LLC [DE-AC05-06OR23177]; [RFBR 09-02-01149]; [07-02-91557] FX P. S. is grateful to the organizers of the "4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer," 18-21 May 2010, Jefferson Lab, where this work was reported. A. E. and O. T. are supported by the Grants RFBR 09-02-01149 and 07-02-91557, RF MSE RNP.2.2.2.2.6546 (MIREA) and by the Heisenberg-Landau Program of JINR. P. Z. is supported by the project AV0Z10100502 of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The work was supported in part by DOE contract DE-AC05-06OR23177, under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, operates the Jefferson Lab. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 355 EP 362 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500038 ER PT B AU Guzey, V AF Guzey, V. BE Radyushkin, A TI NUCLEAR GENERALIZED PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS AND COHERENT NUCLEAR PROCESSES SO EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS AT HIGH MOMENTUM TRANSFER IV LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions at High Momentum Transfer CY MAY 18-21, 2010 CL Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA HO Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil DE Nuclear generalized parton distributions; coherent nuclear processes AB We discuss nuclear generalized parton distributions that can be accessed in coherent hard exclusive processes with nuclei. We consider two examples of kinematics and relevant nuclear effects: medium values of Bjorken x(B), x(B) > 0.05, and the interplay of the coherent and incoherent nuclear deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS), and small values of x(B), x(B) < 0.05, where the leading twist nuclear shadowing significantly suppresses nuclear GPDs, which leads to clear experimental signals. C1 [Guzey, V.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Guzey, V (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM vguzey@jlab.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4329-55-2 PY 2011 BP 407 EP 414 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BG9ZX UT WOS:000394395500044 ER PT J AU Wong, SE Lightstone, FC AF Wong, Sergio E. Lightstone, Felice C. TI Accounting for water molecules in drug design SO EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DISCOVERY LA English DT Review DE computation; docking; drug design; hit identification; lead identification; lead optimization; water ID PROTEIN-LIGAND COMPLEXES; FREE-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; INHOMOGENEOUS FLUID APPROACH; POISSON-BOLTZMANN EQUATION; BINDING-SITES; BOUND WATER; DOCKING LIGANDS; LIQUID WATER; SOLVATION THERMODYNAMICS; POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS AB Importance of the field: Water molecules often appear around ligands in protein crystal structures. Reliable prediction of the effects of water on ligand binding remains a challenge. Solvation effects are crucial for lead optimization where a 100-fold difference in binding affinity is significant but correspond to only similar to 3 kcal/mol in binding free energy. Well-known examples, such as nonpeptidic urea inhibitors of HIV protease, prove that careful examination of water molecules and their energetics can contribute significantly to a successful drug design campaign. Areas covered in this review: In this review, we examine methods to account for the effect of water in ligand binding at two stages of drug discovery: lead identification via docking calculations and lead optimization. We provide a survey of the models and techniques available to account for water in drug design. What the reader will gain: The reader will become aware of common practices and pitfalls in dealing with water molecules in structure-based drug design. Take home message: Although solvation effects are not fully understood, some pragmatic recommendations at the end of the article provide guidance for modelers in this area as well as new practitioners. C1 [Wong, Sergio E.; Lightstone, Felice C.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wong, SE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biosci & Biotechnol Div, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM wong105@llnl.gov FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and Biological & Environmental Research through the U.C. Merced Center for Computational Biology [DE-FG02-04ER25625]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Offices of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, and Biological & Environmental Research through the U.C. Merced Center for Computational Biology # DE-FG02-04ER25625.; This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Release number LLNL-JRNL-450501. NR 92 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 25 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 1746-0441 J9 EXPERT OPIN DRUG DIS JI Expert. Opin. Drug Discov. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1517/17460441.2011.534452 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 697XG UT WOS:000285552500006 PM 22646827 ER PT S AU George, SA Chen, RJ Baclea-an, LM Naulleau, PP AF George, Simi A. Chen, Robert J. Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae Naulleau, Patrick P. BE LaFontaine, BM Naulleau, PP TI 22X mask cleaning effects on EUV lithography process and lifetime SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography II CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Cymer, Inc DE EUVL; mask; chemical cleaning; process performance AB For this paper, we evaluated the impact of repetitive cleans on a photomask that was fabricated and patterned for extreme ultraviolet lithography exposure. The lithographic performance of the cleaned mask, in terms of process window and line edge roughness, was monitored with the SEMATECH Berkeley micro-exposure tool (MET). Each process measurement of the cleaned mask was compared to a reference mask with the same mask architecture. Both masks were imaged on the same day in order to eliminate any process-related measurement uncertainties. The cleaned mask was periodically monitored with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and pattern widths were monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, reflectivity changes were also tracked with the aid of witness plate measurements. At the conclusion of this study, the mask under evaluation was cleaned 22 times; with none of the evaluation techniques showing any significant degradation in performance. C1 [George, Simi A.; Baclea-an, Lorie-Mae; Naulleau, Patrick P.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP George, SA (reprint author), SCHOTT N Amer, Duryea, PA 18642 USA. EM simi.george@us.schott.com; robert.j.chen@intel.com; pnaulleau@lbl.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-528-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7969 AR 79691W DI 10.1117/12.881525 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWM07 UT WOS:000294218000064 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Mochi, I Rekawa, SB Smith, NS Macdougall, JB Naulleau, PP AF Goldberg, Kenneth A. Mochi, Iacopo Rekawa, Senajith B. Smith, Nathan S. Macdougall, James B. Naulleau, Patrick P. BE LaFontaine, BM Naulleau, PP TI An EUV Fresnel zoneplate mask-imaging microscope for lithography generations reaching 8 nm SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography II CY FEB 28-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Cymer, Inc DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; microscope; actinic; mask; reticle; imaging; zoneplate ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; CUSTOM-COHERENCE ILLUMINATOR AB We present the potential optical performance capabilities of a next-generation extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask-imaging microscope, based on the proven optical principle of the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT), but surpassing it in every performance metric. The new synchrotron-based tool, referred to here as the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Imaging Tool at 0.5 NA (AIT5) will enable research on multiple generations of EUV lithography design rules. The proposed microscope features an array of user-selectable Fresnel zoneplate lenses with diffraction-limited quality and different optical properties, such as numerical aperture (NA) and magnification. An efficient all-EUV optical system with variable high magnification and direct EUV detection provides images with the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio. A lossless, customizable-coherence illuminator based on angle-scanning mirrors and an ellipsoidal condenser creates arbitrary pupil fill patterns, with partial coherence sigma values up to 1.0 at 0.5 4xNA and higher. In combination with rotated zoneplate objective lenses, the illuminator will be capable of a range of discrete azimuthal angles as well, modeling the behavior of EUV steppers across a ring-field of view. C1 [Goldberg, Kenneth A.; Mochi, Iacopo; Rekawa, Senajith B.; Smith, Nathan S.; Macdougall, James B.; Naulleau, Patrick P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM KAGoldberg@lbl.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-528-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7969 AR 796910 DI 10.1117/12.881651 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BWM07 UT WOS:000294218000034 ER PT J AU Wittstock, A Wichmann, A Biener, J Baumer, M AF Wittstock, Arne Wichmann, Andre Biener, Juergen Baeumer, Marcus TI Nanoporous gold: a new gold catalyst with tunable properties SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESORPTION MEASUREMENTS; ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; OXYGEN-CHEMISORPTION; PRASEODYMIUM OXIDE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; CARBON-MONOXIDE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; CO OXIDATION; METHANOL; ADSORPTION AB Nanoporous gold (np-Au) represents a novel nanostructured bulk material with very interesting perspectives in heterogeneous catalysis. Its monolithic porous structure and the absence of a support or other stabilizing agents opens up unprecedented possibilities to tune structure and surface chemistry in order to adapt the material to specific catalytic applications. We investigated three of these tuning options in more detail: change of the porosity by annealing, increase of activity by the deposition of oxides and change of activity and selectivity by bimetallic effects. As an example for the latter case, the effect of Ag impurities will be discussed. The presence and concentration of Ag can be correlated to the availability of active oxygen. While for the oxidation of CO the activity of the catalyst can be significantly enhanced when increasing the content of Ag, we show for the oxidation of methanol that the selectivity is shifted from partial to total oxidation. In a second set of experiments, two different metal-oxides were deposited on np-Au, praseodymia and titania. In both cases, the surface chemistry changed significantly. The activity of the catalyst for oxidation of CO was increased by up to one order of magnitude after modification. Finally, we used adsorbate controlled coarsening to tune the structure of np-Au. In this way, even gradients in the pore-and ligament size could be induced, taking advantage of mass transport phenomena. C1 [Wittstock, Arne; Wichmann, Andre; Baeumer, Marcus] Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Biener, Juergen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nanoscale Synth & Characterizat Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Wittstock, A (reprint author), Univ Bremen, Inst Appl & Phys Chem, Leobener Str NW2, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. EM awittstock@uni-bremen.de RI Baumer, Marcus/S-5441-2016 OI Baumer, Marcus/0000-0002-8620-1764 FU University Bremen; U.S. DOE by LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX We thank the University Bremen for financial support. Work at LLNL was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DOE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We gratefully acknowledge the experimental support (SEM) of Petra Witte (Prof. Willems, Historical Geology - Palaeontology, Geology department of the University Bremen). NR 44 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 152 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1039/c1fd00022e PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 828ET UT WOS:000295485000006 PM 22455040 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Semidey-Flecha, L Liu, L Zhou, ZH Goodman, DW AF Xu, Ye Semidey-Flecha, Lymarie Liu, Li Zhou, Zihao Goodman, D. Wayne TI Exploring the structure and chemical activity of 2-D gold islands on graphene moire/Ru(0001) SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; SUPPORTED AU CATALYSTS; GAS SHIFT REACTION; WAVE BASIS-SET; CO OXIDATION; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NANOPARTICLES AB Au deposited on Ru(0001)-supported extended, continuous graphene moire forms large 2-D islands at room temperature that are several nanometers in diameter but only 0.55 nm in height, in the apparent absence of typical binding sites such as defects and adsorbates. These Au islands conform to the corrugation of the underlying graphene and display commensurate moire patterns. Several extended Au structure models on graphene/Ru(0001) are examined using density functional theory calculations. Close-packed Au overlayers are energetically more stable, but all interact weakly with the support. Preliminary tests found the Au islands/graphene/Ru(0001) surface to be active for CO oxidation at cryogenic temperature, which suggests that the Au itself is the locus of catalytic activity. C1 [Xu, Ye; Semidey-Flecha, Lymarie] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Liu, Li; Zhou, Zihao; Goodman, D. Wayne] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xuy2@ornl.gov; goodman@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Xu, Ye/B-5447-2009; Liu, Li/E-8959-2013 OI Xu, Ye/0000-0002-6406-7832; Liu, Li/0000-0002-4852-1580 FU Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, an Energy Frontier Research Center; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0001058]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This material is based upon work supported as part of the Center for Atomic-Level Catalyst Design, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number DE-SC0001058. This research used computing resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Facility at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 77 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 152 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1039/c1fd00030f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 828ET UT WOS:000295485000018 PM 22455050 ER PT J AU Autrey, T Bowden, M Karkamkar, A AF Autrey, Tom Bowden, Mark Karkamkar, Abhi TI Control of hydrogen release and uptake in amine borane molecular complexes: thermodynamics of ammonia borane, ammonium borohydride, and the diammoniate of diborane SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ORTHORHOMBIC PHASE; STORAGE MATERIALS; REACTION PATHWAYS; DEHYDROGENATION; DYNAMICS; NMR; THERMOCHEMISTRY; NH3BH3 AB Molecular complexes of Lewis acid-base pairs can be used to activate molecular hydrogen for applications ranging from hydrogen storage for fuel cells to catalytic hydrogenation reactions. In this paper, we examine the factors that determine the thermodynamics of hydrogen activation of a Lewis acid-base pair using the pedagogical examples of ammonia borane (NH3BH3, AB) and ammonium borohydride ([NH4][BH4], ABH(2)). At ambient temperatures, ABH(2) loses hydrogen to form the Lewis acid-base complex AB, suggesting that free energy drives the reaction to release hydrogen. However, direct measurement of the reaction enthalpy is not straightforward given the complex decomposition pathways leading to the formation of the diammoniate of diborane ([NH3BH2NH3][BH4], DADB). In this work, we compare two approaches for deriving the thermodynamic relationships among AB, DADB, and ABH(2). C1 [Autrey, Tom; Bowden, Mark; Karkamkar, Abhi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Catalysis Sci Grp, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Autrey, T (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Catalysis Sci Grp, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy's Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Biosciences and Geosciences. The authors are grateful to Dr Don Camaioni and Dr Greg Schenter for many insightful discussions. The work was performed in part at EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research. EMSL is located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which is operated by Battelle for DOE. NR 60 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 151 BP 157 EP 169 DI 10.1039/c0fd00015a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 802ND UT WOS:000293517400012 PM 22455068 ER PT J AU Khistyaev, K Bravaya, KB Kamarchik, E Kostko, O Ahmed, M Krylov, AI AF Khistyaev, Kirill Bravaya, Ksenia B. Kamarchik, Eugene Kostko, Oleg Ahmed, Musahid Krylov, Anna I. TI The effect of microhydration on ionization energies of thymine SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED-CLUSTER METHODS; URACIL-WATER COMPLEXES; NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; IONIZED STATES; DIMER CATION; BASIS-SETS; GAS-PHASE; AB-INITIO; ELECTRON AB A combined theoretical and experimental study of the effect of microhydration on ionization energies (IEs) of thymine is presented. The experimental IEs are derived from photoionization efficiency curves recorded using tunable synchrotron VUV radiation. The onsets of the PIE curves are 8.85 +/- 0.05, 8.60 +/- 0.05, 8.55 +/- 0.05, and 8.40 +/- 0.05 eV for thymine, thymine mono-, di-, and tri-hydrates, respectively. The computed (EOM-IP-CCSD/cc-pVTZ) AIEs are 8.90, 8.51, 8.52, and 8.35 eV for thymine and the lowest isomers of thymine mono-, di-, and tri-hydrates. Due to large structural relaxation, the Franck-Condon factors for the 0 <- 0 transitions are very small shifting the apparent PIE onsets to higher energies. Microsolvation strongly affects IEs of thymine-the addition of each water molecule reduces the first vertical IE by 0.10-0.15 eV. The adiabatic IE decreases even more (up to 0.4 eV). The magnitude of the effect varies for different ionized states and for different isomers. For the ionized states that are localized on thymine the dominant contribution to the IE reduction is the electrostatic interaction between the delocalized positive charge on thymine and the dipole moment of the water molecule. C1 [Kostko, Oleg; Ahmed, Musahid] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Khistyaev, Kirill; Bravaya, Ksenia B.; Kamarchik, Eugene; Krylov, Anna I.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kamarchik, Eugene] Emory Univ, Dept Chem, CL Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ahmed, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM musahidahmed@gmail.com; krylov@usc.edu RI Kostko, Oleg/B-3822-2009; Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 OI Kostko, Oleg/0000-0003-2068-4991; FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0625419, 0624602, 0625237]; Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER15685] FX This work was conducted under the auspices of the iOpenShell Center for Computational Studies of Electronic Structure and Spectroscopy of Open-Shell and Electronically Excited Species (iopenshell.usc.edu) supported by the National Science Foundation through the CRIF:CRF CHE-0625419 + 0624602 + 0625237 grant. O.K. and M. A. acknowledge support by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. A. I. K. acknowledges support by the Department of Energy through the DE-FG02-05ER15685 grant. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 150 BP 313 EP 330 DI 10.1039/c0fd00002g PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 795MA UT WOS:000292977100016 PM 22457954 ER PT J AU Ramos-Cordoba, E Lambrecht, DS Head-Gordon, M AF Ramos-Cordoba, Eloy Lambrecht, Daniel S. Head-Gordon, Martin TI Charge-transfer and the hydrogen bond: Spectroscopic and structural implications from electronic structure calculations SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID TIME-CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ARGON PREDISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS; LOCALIZED MOLECULAR-ORBITALS; SET SUPERPOSITION ERROR; CONSISTENT-FIELD METHOD; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; SIZE-SELECTED WATER; AB-INITIO AB The absolutely localized molecular orbital (ALMO) model is a fully variational approach which permits polarization of molecules interacting in a cluster while prohibiting charge-transfer (or dative interactions) between individual molecules. The ALMO model can be applied within any density functional theory calculation - the B3LYP functional is employed in this work. ALMO DFT calculations of observables such as optimized geometry, vibrational frequencies and their intensities, and vertical detachment energies are performed for the water dimer, the chloride-water complex and the cyanide-water complex. The vibrational spectra are obtained both within the harmonic approximation and by quasiclassical trajectory simulations. By comparing these ALMO DFT calculations with full DFT calculations using precisely the same functional and basis, the role of charge-transfer on observables in these model hydrogen bonding systems can be assessed. The results can be further interpreted using ALMO-based energy decomposition analysis, which help to reveal the origin of sensitivity or insensitivity of observables to dative interactions. Analysis of the results also suggests that the B3LYP functional, while qualitatively adequate, appears to somewhat overestimate charge-transfer effects. C1 [Lambrecht, Daniel S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ramos-Cordoba, Eloy] Univ Girona, Inst Computat Chem, Girona 17071, Catalonia, Spain. [Ramos-Cordoba, Eloy] Univ Girona, Dept Chem, Girona 17071, Catalonia, Spain. RP Lambrecht, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM daniel.lambrecht@berkeley.edu; mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu RI Ramos-Cordoba, Eloy/D-2830-2013 OI Ramos-Cordoba, Eloy/0000-0002-6558-7821 FU National Science Foundation [0344670]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [MAT2008-04834/MAT]; FPU grant [AP2008-01231] FX This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Cyber-Infrastructure Award 0344670. We thank Dr Sotiris Xantheas for providing unpublished CCSD(T) harmonic vibrational frequencies on the cyanide anion-water system. We thank Dr. Thomas A. Baker for performing ALMO/EDA calculations on the cyanide-water complex. ERC also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Project No. MAT2008-04834/MAT) and an FPU grant (ref. AP2008-01231). NR 102 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 150 BP 345 EP 362 DI 10.1039/c1fd00004g PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 795MA UT WOS:000292977100018 PM 22457956 ER PT J AU Pelmenschikov, V Guo, YS Wang, HX Cramer, SP Case, DA AF Pelmenschikov, Vladimir Guo, Yisong Wang, Hongxin Cramer, Stephen P. Case, David A. TI Fe-H/D stretching and bending modes in nuclear resonant vibrational, Raman and infrared spectroscopies: Comparisons of density functional theory and experiment SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; CLUSTER-FREE HYDROGENASE; ACTIVE-SITE; IRON; SCATTERING; COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; NIFE; ACTIVATION; DINITROGEN AB Infrared, Raman, and nuclear resonant vibrational (NRVS) spectroscopies have been used to address the Fe-H bonding in trans-HFe(CO) iron hydride compound, HFe(CO)(dppe)(2), dppe 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane. H and D isotopomers of the compound, with selective substitution at the metal-coordinated hydrogen, have been considered in order to address the Fe-H/D stretching and bending modes. Experimental results are compared to the normal mode analysis by density functional theory (DFT). The results are that (i) the IR spectrum does not clearly show Fe-H stretching or bending modes; (ii) Fe-H stretching modes are clear but weak in the Raman spectrum, and Fe-H bending modes are weak; (iii) NRVS (57)Fe spectroscopy resolves Fe-H bending clearly, but Fe-H or Fe-D stretching is above its experimentally resolved frequency range. DFT calculations (with no scaling of frequencies) show intensities and peak locations that allow unambiguous correlations between observed and calculated features, with frequency errors generally less than 15 cm(-1). Prospects for using these techniques to unravel vibrational modes of protein active sites are discussed. C1 [Case, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, BioMaPS Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Case, David A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Wang, Hongxin; Cramer, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guo, Yisong; Wang, Hongxin; Cramer, Stephen P.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Pelmenschikov, Vladimir] Univ Wurzburg, Inst Anorgan Chem, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. RP Case, DA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, BioMaPS Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. OI Guo, Yisong/0000-0002-4132-3565 FU NIH [GM39914, GM61153, GM-65440, EB-001962]; DOE OBER; NSF [CHE-0745353]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This work was supported by NIH grants GM39914, GM61153, GM-65440 and EB-001962 and by DOE OBER and NSF CHE-0745353. V. P. is grateful for a research fellowship provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. The FTIR spectra were done in ALS beamline 1.4 with the assistance of Dr Hao Zhao and Dr Michael Martin. The FT-Raman were performed in Frei's Lab in LBNL, with the assistance of Dr Walter Weare, and Dr Heinz Frei. We thank Dr Curtis Whaley and Dr Thomas Rauchfuss for providing samples and for providing information about the crystal structure of 1. NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2011 VL 148 BP 409 EP 420 DI 10.1039/c004367m PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 695HP UT WOS:000285361500026 PM 21322496 ER PT J AU Edwards, AN Siuti, P Bible, AN Alexandre, G Retterer, ST Doktycz, MJ Morrell-Falvey, JL AF Edwards, Amanda Nicole Siuti, Piro Bible, Amber N. Alexandre, Gladys Retterer, Scott T. Doktycz, Mitchel J. Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer L. TI Characterization of cell surface and extracellular matrix remodeling of Azospirillum brasilense chemotaxis-like 1 signal transduction pathway mutants by atomic force microscopy SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE flocculation; Azospirillum brasilense; CheY; CheA; exopolysaccharide; lipopolysaccharides ID BACTERIAL CHEMORECEPTORS; RHODOSPIRILLUM-CENTENUM; BIOFILM FORMATION; PLANT-ROOTS; AGGREGATION; INVOLVEMENT; CD; POLYSACCHARIDES; MICROBIOLOGY; ATTACHMENT AB To compete in complex microbial communities, bacteria must sense environmental changes and adjust cellular functions for optimal growth. Chemotaxis-like signal transduction pathways are implicated in the regulation of multiple behaviors in response to changes in the environment, including motility patterns, exopolysaccharide production, and cell-to-cell interactions. In Azospirillum brasilense, cell surface properties, including exopolysaccharide production, are thought to play a direct role in promoting flocculation. Recently, the Che1 chemotaxis-like pathway from A. brasilense was shown to modulate flocculation, suggesting an associated modulation of cell surface properties. Using atomic force microscopy, distinct changes in the surface morphology of flocculating A. brasilense Che1 mutant strains were detected. Whereas the wild-type strain produces a smooth mucosal extracellular matrix after 24 h, the flocculating Che1 mutant strains produce distinctive extracellular fibril structures. Further analyses using flocculation inhibition, lectin-binding assays, and comparison of lipopolysaccharides profiles suggest that the extracellular matrix differs between the cheA1 and the cheY1 mutants, despite an apparent similarity in the macroscopic floc structures. Collectively, these data indicate that disruption of the Che1 pathway is correlated with distinctive changes in the extracellular matrix, which likely result from changes in surface polysaccharides structure and/or composition. C1 [Edwards, Amanda Nicole; Siuti, Piro; Retterer, Scott T.; Doktycz, Mitchel J.; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Edwards, Amanda Nicole; Siuti, Piro; Alexandre, Gladys; Doktycz, Mitchel J.; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer L.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Bible, Amber N.; Alexandre, Gladys] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem Cellular & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Retterer, Scott T.; Doktycz, Mitchel J.] Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Morrell-Falvey, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM morrelljl1@ornl.gov RI Retterer, Scott/A-5256-2011; Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer/A-6615-2011; OI Retterer, Scott/0000-0001-8534-1979; Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Morrell-Falvey, Jennifer/0000-0002-9362-7528; Alexandre, Gladys/0000-0002-9238-4640 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US DOE; NSF [MCB-0919819]; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The authors would like to thank Dave Allison for helpful discussions. This research was funded by the Genomic Science Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, US DOE, and NSF MCB-0919819 to G.A. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 314 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02156.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 695RA UT WOS:000285389100005 PM 21105907 ER PT J AU Molak, A Lawniczak-Jablonska, K Nachimuthu, P Perera, RCC AF Molak, A. Lawniczak-Jablonska, K. Nachimuthu, P. Perera, R. C. C. TI The Estimation of the Mn Atoms Chemical Bonding in (Na1-xBix)(Nb1-yMny)O-3 Ceramics and Changeover in the Electrical Properties SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Lithuanian-Ukranian-Polish (LUP) CY SEP 12-16, 2010 CL Taujenai Estate, LITHUANIA DE Covalent and ionic bonding; dielectric permittivity; electric conductivity; XANES ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DOPED NANBO3; TRANSITION; PERMITTIVITY; RELAXATION; MODULUS AB The chemical bonding of Mn atoms in (Na1-xBix)(Nb1-yMny)O-3 ceramics were analysed using the X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) measurement at the Mn L-3,L-2-edge. In all the compounds coexistence of the covalent bonding Mn-CV state and ionic Mn+k states was found. The increase in the Bi and Mn content caused the marked dispersion and increased the values of electric conductivity and dielectric permittivity of the ceramics. C1 [Molak, A.] Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Lawniczak-Jablonska, K.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Nachimuthu, P.; Perera, R. C. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Molak, A (reprint author), Univ Silesia, Inst Phys, Ul Uniwersytecka 4, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. EM andrzej.molak@us.edu.pl RI Lawniczak-Jablonska, Krystyna/J-8994-2012 OI Lawniczak-Jablonska, Krystyna/0000-0003-1042-570X NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2011 VL 418 BP 14 EP 18 DI 10.1080/00150193.2011.578544 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 868RG UT WOS:000298541200004 ER PT J AU Nishina, T Higuchi, T Magome, E Velasco, PO Chen, JL Yang, WL Guo, JH Fukunaga, M Komukae, M AF Nishina, Tetsuya Higuchi, Tohru Magome, Eisuke Velasco, Poul Olade Chen, Jeng Long Yang, Wang Li Guo, Jinghua Fukunaga, Masanori Komukae, Masaru TI Electronic Structure of KH2PO4 Single Crystal Studied by Soft-X-Ray Spectroscopy SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Russia/CIS/Baltic/Japan Symposium on Ferroelectricity (RCBJSF) CY JUN 20-24, 2010 CL Yokohama, JAPAN AB The problem of resolving molecular components of the electronic structure of KH2PO4 single crystal with respect to its chemical and orbital character has been approached by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES). XAS around K-absorption edge of O atom was carried out in order to the existence of relation between the electronic structure and ferroelectric phase transition. Temperature dependence of electronic structure was measured below and above T-C. Obvious differences of electronic structure at phase transition temperature were clearly observed. Density states of electronic structure might be gradually changed due to local distortion of PO4 tetrahedra. C1 [Nishina, Tetsuya; Higuchi, Tohru; Magome, Eisuke; Fukunaga, Masanori; Komukae, Masaru] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. [Velasco, Poul Olade; Chen, Jeng Long; Yang, Wang Li; Guo, Jinghua] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nishina, T (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. EM j1509622@ed.kagu.tus.ac.jp RI Yang, Wanli/D-7183-2011; Higuchi, Tohru/C-6544-2012 OI Yang, Wanli/0000-0003-0666-8063; NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2011 VL 416 BP 90 EP 94 DI 10.1080/00150193.2011.577712 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 868PZ UT WOS:000298536500016 ER PT S AU Rubenchik, AM Turitsyn, SK Fedoruk, MP AF Rubenchik, Alexander M. Turitsyn, Sergei K. Fedoruk, Michail P. BE Dawson, JW Honea, EC TI On the Theory of the Modulation Instability in Optical Fiber and Laser Amplifiers SO FIBER LASERS VIII: TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Lasers VIII - Technology, Systems, and Applications CY JAN 24-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, NKT Photon A/S, Fianium Ltd, PolarOnyx Inc DE fibers; modulation instability; soliton laser; optical amplifier ID REPETITION-RATE; GENERATION; SOLITONS; TRAIN; BEAMS AB The modulation instability (MI) in optical fiber amplifiers and lasers with anomalous dispersion leads to CW beam breakup and the growth of multiple pulses. This can be both a detrimental effect, limiting the performance of amplifiers, and also an underlying physical mechanism in the operation of MI-based devices. Here we revisit the analytical theory of MI in fiber optical amplifiers. The results of the exact theory are compared with the previously used adiabatic approximation model, and the range of applicability of the latter is determined. The same technique is applicable to the study of spatial MI in solid state laser amplifiers and MI in non-uniform media. C1 [Rubenchik, Alexander M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rubenchik, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rubenchik1@llnl.gov RI Turitsyn, Sergei/J-5562-2013 OI Turitsyn, Sergei/0000-0003-0101-3834 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-451-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7914 AR 791434 DI 10.1117/12.877737 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA86 UT WOS:000297791600089 ER PT S AU Benterou, J May, C Udd, E Mihailov, SJ Lu, P AF Benterou, Jerry May, Chadd Udd, Eric Mihailov, Stephen J. Lu, Ping BE Mihailov, SJ Du, HH Pickrell, G Wang, A Mendez, A Udd, E TI High speed measurements using fiber-optic Bragg gratings SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VIII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Fiber gratings; structures; failure; high-speed; detonation velocity; Bragg effect; CFBG ID STRAIN SENSORS; SYSTEMS AB Fiber grating sensors may be used to monitor high-speed events that include catastrophic failure of structures, ultrasonic testing and detonations. This paper provides insights into the utility of fiber grating sensors to measure structural changes under extreme conditions. An emphasis is placed on situations where there is a structural discontinuity. Embedded chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) sensors can track the very high-speed progress of detonation waves (6-9 km/sec) inside energetic materials. This paper discusses diagnostic instrumentation and analysis techniques used to measure these high-speed events. C1 [Benterou, Jerry; May, Chadd] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Benterou, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Mihailov, Stephen/E-2687-2013 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-602-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8028 AR 802808 DI 10.1117/12.884703 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BVP18 UT WOS:000292155500005 ER PT S AU Biedrzycki, S Buric, M Falk, J Woodruff, S AF Biedrzycki, S. Buric, M. Falk, J. Woodruff, S. BE Mihailov, SJ Du, HH Pickrell, G Wang, A Mendez, A Udd, E TI Optical efficiency in metal-lined capillary waveguide Raman sensors SO FIBER OPTIC SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VIII CY APR 28-29, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE Raman scattering; optical sensors; capillary waveguides ID HOLLOW FIBERS; DELIVERY AB Researchers have long sought to improve collection efficiencies in scattered-light sensing applications. Herein, we demonstrate efficient collection of Raman scattered light from gaseous samples. This enables the accurate, real-time, simultaneous measurement of otherwise difficult to distinguish molecular gasses or hydrocarbons. Hollow capillary waveguides, lined with a metal and dielectric over-coating, have often been used to deliver IR laser light to a target. We show that these waveguides can be used as both a sample holder for Raman gasses and as a laser-pumped optical cell which can collect Raman scattered light from these gasses. We extend existing low mode-order capillary waveguide analysis to treat higher order modes. This extension allows a robust computer simulation to accurately predict the spontaneous Raman scattering power that can be collected by the waveguide. We verify our new theoretical models with experimental measurements of Raman signals from a nitrogen filled waveguide. We demonstrate a cutback experiment which verifies our new theoretical predictions of the variation of scattering collection efficiency with guide dimensions. The prediction accuracy of our simulations allows us to design spectrometers and detectors to maximize Raman-light throughput in a high-sensitivity gas detection system. C1 [Biedrzycki, S.; Buric, M.; Falk, J.; Woodruff, S.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Biedrzycki, S (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-602-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8028 AR 80280K DI 10.1117/12.883074 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BVP18 UT WOS:000292155500015 ER PT S AU Trumbo, M Stevens-Adams, S Hendrickson, SML Abbott, R Haass, M Forsythe, C AF Trumbo, Michael Stevens-Adams, Susan Hendrickson, Stacey M. L. Abbott, Robert Haass, Michael Forsythe, Chris BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Individual Differences and the Science of Human Performance SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Individual Differences; EEG; Memory Span; RAT; Attentional Beam; Mental Rotation; Ruff Attention Task; Raven's Matrices; Box Folding; Dual Task; Barton's; Binary; Stroop; N-back; Mismatch Negativity; P300; Oddball; Semantic Memory; Episodic Memory; Go/No-Go; Flanker; Line Drawing; MAT-B ID BEHAVIOR AB This study comprises the third year of the Robust Automated Knowledge Capture (RAKC) project. In the previous two years, preliminary research was conducted by collaborators at the University of Notre Dame and the University of Memphis. The focus of this preliminary research was to identify relationships between cognitive performance aptitudes (e.g., short-term memory capacity, mental rotation) and strategy selection for laboratory tasks, as well as tendencies to maintain or abandon these strategies. The current study extends initial research by assessing electrophysiological correlates with individual tendencies in strategy selection. This study identifies regularities within individual differences and uses this information to develop a model to predict and understand the relationship between these regularities and cognitive performance. C1 [Trumbo, Michael; Stevens-Adams, Susan; Hendrickson, Stacey M. L.; Abbott, Robert; Haass, Michael; Forsythe, Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trumbo, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mctrumb@sandia.gov; smsteve@sandia.gov; smhendr@sandia.gov; rgabbot@sandia.gov; mjhaass@sandia.gov; jcforsy@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 46 EP 54 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400006 ER PT S AU Haass, MJ Matzen, LE AF Haass, Michael J. Matzen, Laura E. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Using Computational Modeling to Assess Use of Cognitive Strategies SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Memory; computational modeling; electroencephalography ID BRAIN POTENTIALS; MEMORY; RECOGNITION; COMPETENCE; ILLUSIONS; WORDS AB Although there are many strategies and techniques that can improve memory, cognitive biases generally lead people to choose suboptimal memory strategies. In this study, participants were asked to memorize words while their brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). The participants' memory performance and EEG data revealed that a self-testing ( retrieval practice) strategy could improve memory. The majority of the participants did not use self-testing, but computational modeling revealed that a subset of the participants had brain activity that was consistent with this optimal strategy. We developed a model that characterized the brain activity associated with passive study and with explicit memory testing. We used that model to predict which participants adopted a self-testing strategy, and then evaluated the behavioral performance of those participants. This analysis revealed that, as predicted, the participants whose brain activity was consistent with a self-testing strategy had better memory performance at test. C1 [Haass, Michael J.; Matzen, Laura E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haass, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mjhaass@sandia.gov; lematze@sandia.gov NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 77 EP 86 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400010 ER PT S AU Matzen, LE AF Matzen, Laura E. BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Cultural Neuroscience and Individual Differences: Implications for Augmented Cognition SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE Cultural neuroscience; individual differences ID EYE-MOVEMENTS; BRAIN; CHINESE; WORLD; FACES AB Technologies that augment human cognition have the potential to enhance human performance in a wide variety of domains. However, there are a number of individual differences in brain activity that must be taken into account during the development, validation, and application of augmented cognition tools. A growing body of research in cultural neuroscience has shown that there are substantial differences in how people from different cultural backgrounds approach various cognitive tasks. In addition, there are many other types of individual differences and even changes in a single individual over time that have implications for augmented cognition research and development. The aim of this session is to highlight a few of those differences and to discuss how they might impact augmented cognition technologies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Matzen, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1188, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lematze@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400024 ER PT S AU Dodel, S Cohn, J Mersmann, J Luu, P Forsythe, C Jirsa, V AF Dodel, Silke Cohn, Joseph Mersmann, Jochen Phan Luu Forsythe, Chris Jirsa, Viktor BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Brain Signatures of Team Performance SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE team; coordination; manifold; dimension; brain; dynamics; subspace; EEG ID COORDINATION; INFORMATION; FLOW AB We report results from a dual electroencephalography (EEG) study, in which two-member teams performed a simulated combat scenario. Our aim was to distinguish expert from novice teams by their brain dynamics. Our findings suggest that dimensionality increases in the joint brain dynamics of the team members is a signature of increased task demand, both objective, e. g. increased task difficulty, and subjective, e. g. lack of experience in performing the task. Furthermore in each team we identified a subspace of joint brain dynamics related to team coordination. Our approach identifies signatures specific to team coordination by introducing surrogate team data as a baseline for joint brain dynamics without team coordination. This revealed that team coordination affects the subspace itself in which the joint brain dynamics of the team members are evolving, but not its dimensionality. Our results confirm the possibility to identify signatures of team coordination from the team members' brain dynamics. C1 [Dodel, Silke; Jirsa, Viktor] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Cohn, Joseph] Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Boca Raton, FL USA. [Mersmann, Jochen] CodeBox Computerdienste GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany. [Phan Luu] Elect Geodes Inc, Eugene, OR USA. [Forsythe, Chris] Cognit Sci & Applicat, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM USA. [Jirsa, Viktor] Univ Mediterran, CNRS UMR 6233, Inst Movement Sci, Theoret Neurosci Grp, Marseille, France. RP Dodel, S (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Complex Syst & Brain Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. EM dodel@ccs.fau.edu RI Jirsa, Viktor/M-4630-2016 OI Jirsa, Viktor/0000-0002-8251-8860 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 288 EP 297 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400035 ER PT S AU Lakkaraju, K Stevens-Adams, S Abbott, RG Forsythe, C AF Lakkaraju, Kiran Stevens-Adams, Susan Abbott, Robert G. Forsythe, Chris BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI Communications-Based Automated Assessment of Team Cognitive Performance SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL AB In this paper we performed analysis of speech communications in order to determine if we can differentiate between expert and novice teams based on communication patterns. Two pairs of experts and novices performed numerous test sessions on the E-2 Enhanced Deployable Readiness Trainer (EDRT) which is a medium-fidelity simulator of the Naval Flight Officer (NFO) stations positioned at bank end of the E-2 Hawkeye. Results indicate that experts and novices can be differentiated based on communication patterns. First, experts and novices differ significantly with regard to the frequency of utterances, with both expert teams making many fewer radio calls than both novice teams. Next, the semantic content of utterances was considered. Using both manual and automated speech-to-text conversion, the resulting text documents were compared. For 7 of 8 subjects, the two most similar subjects (using cosine-similarity of term vectors) were in the same category of expertise (novice/expert). This means that the semantic content of utterances by experts was more similar to other experts, than novices, and vice versa. Finally, using machine learning techniques we constructed a classifier that, given as input the text of the speech of a subject, could identify whether the individual was an expert or novice with a very low error rate. By looking at the parameters of the machine learning algorithm we were also able to identify terms that are strongly associated with novices and experts. C1 [Lakkaraju, Kiran; Stevens-Adams, Susan; Abbott, Robert G.; Forsythe, Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lakkaraju, K (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM klakkar@sandia.gov; smsteve@sandia.gov; rgabbot@sandia.gov; jcforsy@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400039 ER PT S AU Zotov, M Forsythe, C Voyt, A Akhmedova, I Petrukovich, V AF Zotov, Mikhail Forsythe, Chris Voyt, Alexey Akhmedova, Inga Petrukovich, Vladimir BE Schmorrow, DD Fidopiastis, CM TI A Dynamic Approach to the Physiological-Based Assessment of Resilience to Stressful Conditions SO FOUNDATIONS OF AUGMENTED COGNITION: DIRECTING THE FUTURE OF ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition (FAC) Held as Part of 14th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) CY JUL 09-14, 2011 CL Orlando, FL DE heart rate variability; cognitive workload; simulation-based training AB In the presented research, a new algorithm of detection and analysis of non-stationary phases (NSPh), characterizing sudden changes in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters was used. Physiological reactions of air traffic controllers during the performance of training scenario were estimated. 39 participants - 14 experienced air traffic controllers and 25 students performed a 40-minute scenario, which included 3 stressful incidents: a rapid increase in air traffic density, low fuel level and plane engine failure. Students also performed the scenario after brief training. The results have shown that as expertise grows respondents show a significant decrease in duration and change in patterns of non-stationary phases of heart rate arising in response to the stressful incidents. These changes of parameters of non-stationary phases are connected with increased efficiency of air traffic controllers' cognitive performance in stressful conditions. The research has illustrated that the analysis of non-stationary phase parameters complements classical HRV measures and may be used for assessment of physiological responses of operators in Augmented Cognition applications. C1 [Zotov, Mikhail; Voyt, Alexey; Akhmedova, Inga; Petrukovich, Vladimir] St Petersburg State Univ, Univ Skaya Naberejnaya 7-9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Forsythe, Chris] Sandia Natl Labs, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Zotov, M (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Univ Skaya Naberejnaya 7-9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM zotov@psy.pu.ru; jcforsy@sandia.gov; voytalexey@mail.ru; pemphix@mail.ru; Petrukov_vm@mail.ru RI Voyt, Alexey/P-1192-2014; Mikhail, Zotov/P-7507-2015; OI Voyt, Alexey/0000-0001-9568-0376; Mikhail, Zotov/0000-0002-1988-8391; Korotkova, Inga/0000-0002-9614-4329 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014- 08- 1- 0731] FX This work was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014- 08- 1- 0731. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-21851-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2011 VL 6780 BP 657 EP 666 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BDB81 UT WOS:000312501400075 ER PT J AU Jana, S Hovanski, Y Grant, GJ Mattlin, K AF Jana, S. Hovanski, Y. Grant, G. J. Mattlin, K. BE Mishra, R Mahoney, MW Sato, Y Hovanski, Y Verma, R TI EFFECT OF TOOL FEATURE ON THE JOINT STRENGTH OF DISSIMILAR FRICTION STIR LAP WELDS SO FRICTION STIR WELDING AND PROCESSING VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Friction Stir Welding and Processing VI held during 140th TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition CY FEB 27-MAR 03, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Shaping & Forming Comm DE Mg alloy; Steel; Lap-shear strength; Joining AB Several variations of friction stir tools were used to investigate the effects on the joint strengths of dissimilar friction stir lap welds. In the present lap weld configuration the top sheet was a 2.32 mm thick Mg (AZ 31) alloy. The bottom sheet consisted of two different steels, a (i) 0.8 mm thick electro-galvanized (EG) mild steel, or a (ii) 1.5 mm thick hot dip galvanized (HDG) high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel. Initially the tool shape was modified to accommodate the material, at which point the tool geometry was fixed. With a fixed tool geometry an additional feature was added to the pin bottom on one of the tools by incorporating a short hard insert, which would act as a stronger bottom sheet cutter. The effects of such modification on the unguided lap shear strength, and associated microstructural changes are discussed in this study. C1 [Jana, S.; Hovanski, Y.; Grant, G. J.; Mattlin, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jana, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND BN 978-1-11800-201-8 PY 2011 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIC59 UT WOS:000327403500025 ER PT J AU Goldfarb, KC Karaoz, U Hanson, CA Santee, CA Bradford, MA Treseder, KK Wallenstein, MD Brodie, EL AF Goldfarb, Katherine C. Karaoz, Ulas Hanson, China A. Santee, Clark A. Bradford, Mark A. Treseder, Kathleen K. Wallenstein, Matthew D. Brodie, Eoin L. TI Differential growth responses of soil bacterial taxa to carbon substrates of varying chemical recalcitrance SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE soil; bacteria; carbon; substrate quality; bromo-deoxyuridine; microarray; rRNA copy number AB Soils are immensely diverse microbial habitats with thousands of co-existing bacterial, archaeal, and fungal species. Across broad spatial scales, factors such as pH and soil moisture appear to determine the diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities. Within any one site however, bacterial taxon diversity is high and factors maintaining this diversity are poorly resolved. Candidate factors include organic substrate availability and chemical recalcitrance, and given that they appear to structure bacterial communities at the phylum level, we examine whether these factors might structure bacterial communities at finer levels of taxonomic resolution. Analyzing 16S rRNA gene composition of nucleotide analog-labeled DNA by PhyloChip microarrays, we compare relative growth rates on organic substrates of increasing chemical recalcitrance of >2,200 bacterial taxa across 43 divisions/phyla. Taxa that increase in relative abundance with labile organic substrates (i.e., glycine, sucrose) are numerous (>500), phylogenetically clustered, and occur predominantly in two phyla (Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria) including orders Actinomycetales, Enterobacteriales, Burkholderiales, Rhodocyclales, Alteromonadales, and Pseudomonadales. Taxa increasing in relative abundance with more chemically recalcitrant substrates (i.e., cellulose, lignin, or tannin-protein) are fewer (168) but more phylogenetically dispersed, occurring across eight phyla and including Clostridiales, Sphingomonadalaes, Desulfovibrionales. Just over 6% of detected taxa, including many Burkholderiales increase in relative abundance with both labile and chemically recalcitrant substrates. Estimates of median rRNA copy number per genome of responding taxa demonstrate that these patterns are broadly consistent with bacterial growth strategies. Taken together, these data suggest that changes in availability of intrinsically labile substrates may result in predictable shifts in soil bacterial composition. C1 [Goldfarb, Katherine C.; Karaoz, Ulas; Santee, Clark A.; Brodie, Eoin L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Ecol, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hanson, China A.; Treseder, Kathleen K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Bradford, Mark A.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Wallenstein, Matthew D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brodie, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS70A-3317, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM elbrodie@lbl.gov RI Bradford, Mark/G-3850-2012; Treseder, Kathleen/E-5148-2011; Brodie, Eoin/A-7853-2008; Karaoz, Ulas/J-7093-2014; OI Bradford, Mark/0000-0002-2022-8331; Brodie, Eoin/0000-0002-8453-8435; Wallenstein, Matthew/0000-0002-6219-1442 FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy Program for Ecosystem Research [DE-FG02-04ER63893]; National Science Foundation [DEB-0445458]; Warner College of Natural Resources at Colorado State University FX We thank Steven Allison for critical review of this manuscript. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (to Eoin L. Brodie). Further support was provided by U.S. Department of Energy Program for Ecosystem Research grant number DE-FG02-04ER63893 (to Mark A. Bradford, Kathleen K. Treseder, and Matthew D. Wallenstein), by National Science Foundation grant number DEB-0445458 (to Kathleen K. Treseder), and a grant from the Warner College of Natural Resources at Colorado State University (to Matthew D. Wallenstein). NR 82 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 7 U2 45 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2011 VL 2 AR 94 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00094 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DE UT WOS:000208863500104 PM 21833332 ER PT J AU Lin, MQ Kikuchi, T Brewer, HM Norbeck, AD Rikihisa, Y AF Lin, Mingqun Kikuchi, Takane Brewer, Heather M. Norbeck, Angela D. Rikihisa, Yasuko TI Global proteomic analysis of two tick-borne emerging zoonotic agents: Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; proteomic analysis; human granulocytic anaplasmosis; human monocytic ehrlichiosis; human leukocytes AB Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis are obligatory intracellular alpha-proteobacteria that infect human leukocytes and cause potentially fatal emerging zoonoses. In the present study, we determined global protein expression profiles of these bacteria cultured in the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. Mass spectrometric (MS) analyses identified a total of 1,212 A. phagocytophilum and 1,021 E. chaffeensis proteins, representing 89.3 and 92.3% of the predicted bacterial proteomes, respectively. Nearly all bacterial proteins (>= 99%) with known functions were expressed, whereas only approximately 80% of "hypothetical" proteins were detected in infected human cells. Quantitative MS/MS analyses indicated that highly expressed proteins in both bacteria included chaperones, enzymes involved in biosynthesis and metabolism, and outer membrane proteins, such as A. phagocytophilum P44 and E. chaffeensis P28/OMP-1. Among 113 A. phagocytophilum p44 paralogous genes, 110 of them were expressed and 88 of them were encoded by pseudogenes. In addition, bacterial infection of HL-60 cells up-regulated the expression of human proteins involved mostly in cytoskeleton components, vesicular trafficking, cell signaling, and energy metabolism, but down-regulated some pattern recognition receptors involved in innate immunity. Our proteomics data represent a comprehensive analysis of A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis proteomes, and provide a quantitative view of human host protein expression profiles regulated by bacterial infection. The availability of these proteomic data will provide new insights into biology and pathogenesis of these obligatory intracellular pathogens. C1 [Lin, Mingqun; Kikuchi, Takane; Rikihisa, Yasuko] Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Brewer, Heather M.; Norbeck, Angela D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rikihisa, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Vet Biosci, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM rikihisa.1@osu.edu FU DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO-1830]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/DHHS) [Y1-AI-4894-01]; NIH [R01 AI030010, R01 AI047885] FX Proteomics analysis was performed in the Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) national scientific user facility at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO-1830. This research was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/DHHS) through interagency agreement Y1-AI-4894-01 to PNNL, and synergized with NIH grants R01 AI030010 and R01 AI047885 to Yasuko Rikihisa. NR 90 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2011 VL 2 AR 24 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00024 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DE UT WOS:000208863500034 PM 21687416 ER PT J AU McDermott, JE Yoon, H Nakayasu, ES Metz, TO Hyduke, DR Kidwai, AS Palsson, BO Adkins, JN Heffron, F AF McDermott, Jason E. Yoon, Hyunjin Nakayasu, Ernesto S. Metz, Thomas O. Hyduke, Daniel R. Kidwai, Afshan S. Palsson, Bernhard O. Adkins, Joshua N. Heffron, Fred TI Technologies and approaches to elucidate and model the virulence program of Salmonella SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Salmonella; virulence; regulatory network; regulators; transcriptomics; proteomics; computational modeling AB Salmonella is a primary cause of enteric diseases in a variety of animals. During its evolution into a pathogenic bacterium, Salmonella acquired an elaborate regulatory network that responds to multiple environmental stimuli within host animals and integrates them resulting in fine regulation of the virulence program. The coordinated action by this regulatory network involves numerous virulence regulators, necessitating genome-wide profiling analysis to assess and combine efforts from multiple regulons. In this review we discuss recent high-throughput analytic approaches used to understand the regulatory network of Salmonella that controls virulence processes. Application of high-throughput analyses have generated large amounts of data and necessitated the development of computational approaches for data integration. Therefore, we also cover computer-aided network analyses to infer regulatory networks, and demonstrate how genome-scale data can be used to construct regulatory and metabolic systems models of Salmonella pathogenesis. Genes that are coordinately controlled by multiple virulence regulators under infectious conditions are more likely to be important for pathogenesis. Thus, reconstructing the global regulatory network during infection or, at the very least, under conditions that mimic the host cellular environment not only provides a bird's eye view of Salmonella survival strategy in response to hostile host environments but also serves as an efficient means to identify novel virulence factors that are essential for Salmonella to accomplish systemic infection in the host. C1 [McDermott, Jason E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Yoon, Hyunjin; Kidwai, Afshan S.; Heffron, Fred] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Nakayasu, Ernesto S.; Metz, Thomas O.; Adkins, Joshua N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Biol Separat & Mass Spect Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hyduke, Daniel R.; Palsson, Bernhard O.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP McDermott, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jason.mcdermott@pnl.gov OI Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; McDermott, Jason/0000-0003-2961-2572; Metz, Tom/0000-0001-6049-3968 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH/DHHS [Y1-AI-8401-01]; NIH [RO1 AI022933] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH/DHHS, through interagency agreement Y1-AI-8401-01 and NIH RO1 AI022933. NR 176 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2011 VL 2 AR 121 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00121 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DE UT WOS:000208863500131 PM 21687430 ER PT J AU Techtmann, SM Colman, AS Murphy, MB Schackwitz, WS Goodwin, LA Robb, FT AF Techtmann, Stephen M. Colman, Albert S. Murphy, Michael B. Schackwitz, Wendy S. Goodwin, Lynne A. Robb, Frank T. TI Regulation of multiple carbon monoxide consumption pathways in anaerobic bacteria SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; thermophiles; hydrogenogens; carboxydotrophs; Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans; carbon monoxide dehydrogenase; CooA AB Carbon monoxide (CO), well known as a toxic gas, is increasingly recognized as a key metabolite and signaling molecule. Microbial utilization of CO is quite common, evidenced by the rapid escalation in description of new species of CO-utilizing bacteria and archaea. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), the protein complex that enables anaerobic CO-utilization, has been well-characterized from an increasing number of microorganisms, however the regulation of multiple CO-related gene clusters in single isolates remains unexplored. Many species are extraordinarily resistant to high CO concentrations, thriving under pure CO at more than one atmosphere. We hypothesized that, in strains that can grow exclusively on CO, both carbon acquisition via the CODH/acetyl CoA synthase complex and energy conservation via a CODH-linked hydrogenase must be differentially regulated in response to the availability of CO. The CO-sensing transcriptional activator, CooA is present in most CO-oxidizing bacteria. Here we present a genomic and phylogenetic survey of CODH operons and cooA genes found in CooA-containing bacteria. Two distinct groups of CooA homologs were found: one clade (CooA-1) is found in the majority of CooA-containing bacteria, whereas the other clade (CooA-2) is found only in genomes that encode multiple CODH clusters, suggesting that the CooA-2 might be important for cross-regulation of competing CODH operons. Recombinant CooA-1 and CooA-2 regulators from the prototypical CO-utilizing bacterium Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans were purified, and promoter binding analyses revealed that CooA-1 specifically regulates the hydrogenase-linked CODH, whereas CooA-2 is able to regulate both the hydrogenase-linked CODH and the CODH/ACS operons. These studies point to the ability of dual CooA homologs to partition CO into divergent CO-utilizing pathways resulting in efficient consumption of a single limiting growth substrate available across a wide range of concentrations. C1 [Techtmann, Stephen M.; Robb, Frank T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. [Colman, Albert S.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Murphy, Michael B.] GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Schackwitz, Wendy S.] Joint Genome Inst, Dept Energy, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Goodwin, Lynne A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Robb, FT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Marine & Environm Technol, 701 East Pratt St, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM frobb@som.umaryland.edu OI Robb, Frank/0000-0001-5833-6496 FU US National Science Foundation [EAR 0747394, EAR 0747412, MCB 0605301]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-5CH11231] FX This work was funded by the US National Science Foundation through award numbers EAR 0747394 (Frank T. Robb), EAR 0747412 (Albert S. Colman), and MCB 0605301 (Frank T. Robb and Albert S. Colman). The work conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-5CH11231. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PY 2011 VL 2 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00147 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V31DE UT WOS:000208863500157 PM 21808633 ER PT J AU Heazlewood, JL AF Heazlewood, Joshua L. TI The Green proteome: challenges in plant proteomics SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Heazlewood, Joshua L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Heazlewood, Joshua L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heazlewood, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint BioEnergy Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jlheazlewood@lbl.gov RI Heazlewood, Joshua/A-2554-2008 OI Heazlewood, Joshua/0000-0002-2080-3826 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2011 VL 2 AR 6 DI 10.3389/fpls.2011.00006 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TE UT WOS:000208837500006 PM 22639573 ER PT J AU Kaur, N Hu, JP AF Kaur, Navneet Hu, Jianping TI Defining the plant peroxisomal proteome: from Arabidopsis to rice SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE peroxisome; proteomics; Arabidopsis; rice AB Peroxisomes are small subcellular organelles mediating a multitude of processes in plants. Proteomics studies over the last several years have yielded much needed information on the composition of plant peroxisomes. In this review, the status of peroxisome proteomics studies in Arabidopsis and other plant species and the cumulative advances made through these studies are summarized. A reference Arabidopsis peroxisome proteome is generated, and some unique aspects of Arabidopsis peroxisomes that were uncovered through proteomics studies and hint at unanticipated peroxisomal functions are also highlighted. Knowledge gained from Arabidopsis was utilized to compile a tentative list of peroxisome proteins for the model monocot plant, rice. Differences in the peroxisomal proteome between these two model plants were drawn, and novel facets in rice were expounded upon. Finally, we discuss about the current limitations of experimental proteomics in decoding the complete and dynamic makeup of peroxisomes, and complementary and integrated approaches that would be beneficial to defining the peroxisomal metabolic and regulatory roadmaps. The synteny of genomes in the grass family makes rice an ideal model to study peroxisomes in cereal crops, in which these organelles have received much less attention, with the ultimate goal to improve crop yield. C1 [Kaur, Navneet; Hu, Jianping] Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Hu, Jianping] Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hu, JP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM huji@msu.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB 0618335]; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-91 ER20021] FX We apologize to those colleagues whose works are not covered in [his review. Work in the Hu lab was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (MCB 0618335) and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-91 ER20021) to Jianping Hu. NR 247 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2011 VL 2 AR 103 DI 10.3389/fpls.2011.00103 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TE UT WOS:000208837500103 PM 22645559 ER PT J AU Narayanan, NN Ihemere, U Chiu, WT Siritunga, D Rajamani, S Singh, S Oda, S Sayre, RT AF Narayanan, Narayanan N. Ihemere, Uzoma Chiu, Wai Ting Siritunga, Dimuth Rajamani, Sathish Singh, Sareena Oda, Saharu Sayre, Richard T. TI The iron assimilatory protein, FEA1, from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii facilitates iron-specific metal uptake in yeast and plants SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE FEA1; iron uptake; yeast; Arabidopsis thaliana AB We demonstrate that the unique green algal iron assimilatory protein, FEA1, is able to complement the Arabidopsis iron-transporter mutant, irt1, as well as enhance iron accumulation in FEA1 expressing wild-type plants. Expression of the FEA1 protein reduced iron-deficient growth phenotypes when plants were grown under iron limiting conditions and enhanced iron accumulation up to fivefold relative to wild-type plants when grown in iron sufficient media. Using yeast iron-uptake mutants, we demonstrate that the FEA1 protein specifically facilitates the uptake of the ferrous form of iron. Significantly, the FEA1 protein does not increase sensitivity to toxic concentrations of competing, non-ferrous metals nor facilitate their (cadmium) accumulation. These results indicate that the FEA1 protein is iron specific consistent with the observation the FEA1 protein is overexpressed in cadmium stressed algae presumably to facilitate iron uptake. We propose that the FEA1 iron assimilatory protein has ideal characteristics for the iron biofortification of crops and/or for facilitated iron uptake in plants when they are grown in low iron, high pH soils, or soils that may be contaminated with heavy metals. C1 [Narayanan, Narayanan N.; Ihemere, Uzoma; Sayre, Richard T.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. [Chiu, Wai Ting; Rajamani, Sathish; Singh, Sareena; Oda, Saharu] Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Cellular & Mol Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Siritunga, Dimuth] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Sayre, RT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W Jemez Rd,Suite 202, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM rsayre@newmexicoconsortium.org OI Sayre, Richard/0000-0002-3153-7084 FU Ohio Sea Grant (NOAA); Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for BioCassava Plus Project FX Drs. Narayanan and Ihemere contributed equally to this work, We are grateful to Dr. Caroline Philpott, NIH, MD, USA for all the mutant yeast strains. Technical assistance from Richard A. Gallenstein is greatly appreciated. This research was supported by Ohio Sea Grant (NOAA) and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for BioCassava Plus Project. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2011 VL 2 AR 67 DI 10.3389/fpls.2011.00067 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TE UT WOS:000208837500067 PM 22639604 ER PT J AU Schwender, J AF Schwender, Joerg TI Experimental flux measurements on a network scale SO FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE C-13-metabolic flux analysis; primary metabolism; flux balance analysis; carbon partitioning; constraint-based model AB Metabolic flux is a fundamental property of living organisms. In recent years, methods for measuring metabolic flux in plants on a network scale have evolved further. One major challenge in studying flux in plants is the complexity of the plant's metabolism. In particular, in the presence of parallel pathways in multiple cellular compartments, the core of plant central metabolism constitutes a complex network. Hence, a common problem with the reliability of the contemporary results of C-13-Metabolic Flux Analysis in plants is the substantial reduction in complexity that must be included in the simulated networks; this omission partly is due to limitations in computational simulations. Here, I discuss recent emerging strategies that will better address these shortcomings. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Schwender, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM schwend@bnl.gov RI Schwender, Jorg/P-2282-2014 OI Schwender, Jorg/0000-0003-1350-4171 FU U.S. Department of Energy (Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences) [BO-133] FX Current funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Held Work Proposal BO-133) as well as by Bayer Bioscience is much appreciated. I like to thank Avril Woodhead (Brookhaven National Laboratory) for English language edits. NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-462X J9 FRONT PLANT SCI JI Front. Plant Sci. PY 2011 VL 2 AR 63 DI 10.3389/fpls.2011.00063 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V30TE UT WOS:000208837500063 PM 22639602 ER PT J AU Park, S Popov, BN AF Park, Sehkyu Popov, Branko N. TI Effect of a GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth on PEM fuel cell performance SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE Proton exchange membrane fuel cells; Gas diffusion layer; Carbon paper; Carbon cloth; Microporous layer ID GAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; MICROPOROUS LAYER; WATER MANAGEMENT; ELECTRODES; IMPROVEMENT; MORPHOLOGY; PRESSURE AB A commercially available GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth as a macroporous substrate was characterized by various physical and electrochemical measurements: mercury porosimetry, surface morphology analysis, contact angle measurement, water permeation measurement, polarization techniques, and ac-impedance spectroscopy. SGL 10BB based on carbon paper demonstrated dual pore size distribution and high water flow resistance owing to less permeable macroporous substrate, and more hydrophobic and compact microporous layer, as compared to ELAT-LT-1400 W based on carbon cloth. The membrane-electrode-assembly fabricated using SGL 10BB showed an improved fuel cell performance when air was used as an oxidant. The ac-impedance response indicated that a microporous layer which has high volume of micropores and more hydrophobic property allows oxygen to readily diffuse towards the catalyst layer due to effective water removal from the catalyst layer to the gas flow channel. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Sehkyu; Popov, Branko N.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Park, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM sehkyu.park@pnl.gov RI Park, Sehkyu/E-5153-2010 FU FUJIFILM Manufacturing U.S.A., Inc. FX Financial support provided by FUJIFILM Manufacturing U.S.A., Inc. is acknowledged gratefully. NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2011 VL 90 IS 1 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.09.003 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 679GP UT WOS:000284150200055 ER PT J AU Shekhawat, D Berry, DA Spivey, JJ AF Shekhawat, Dushyant Berry, David A. Spivey, James J. BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI Introduction to Fuel Processing SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID AUXILIARY POWER UNITS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CELL SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS; PARTIAL-OXIDATION; RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS; DIMETHYL ETHER; ECONOMICS; CATALYSTS; DIESEL C1 [Shekhawat, Dushyant; Berry, David A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Spivey, James J.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Shekhawat, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM dushyant.shekhawat@netl.doe.gov; david.berry@netl.doe.gov; jjspivey@lsu.edu NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53563-4.10001-X PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900002 ER PT J AU Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA AF Shekhawat, Dushyant Spivey, James J. Berry, David A. BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING Preface SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Shekhawat, Dushyant; Berry, David A.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Spivey, James J.] Louisiana State Univ, Gordon A & Mary Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Shekhawat, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM dushyant.shekhawat@netl.doe.gov; jjspivey@lsu.edu; david.berry@netl.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1 PY 2011 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900001 ER PT J AU Williams, MC AF Williams, Mark C. BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI Fuel Cells SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELECTROLYTES; CARBON C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Williams, MC (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM mark.williams@ur.netl.doe.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1 PY 2011 BP 11 EP 27 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53563-4.10002-1 PG 17 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900003 ER PT J AU Smith, MW Shekhawat, D AF Smith, Mark W. Shekhawat, Dushyant BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI Catalytic Partial Oxidation SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SYNTHESIS GAS-FORMATION; SPATIALLY-RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS; HEAT-TRANSPORT LIMITATIONS; METHANOL PARTIAL OXIDATION; METAL COATED MONOLITHS; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; FLUIDIZED-BED REACTOR; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DIMETHYL ETHER C1 [Smith, Mark W.; Shekhawat, Dushyant] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Smith, MW (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM mark.smith@netl.doe.gov; dushyant.shekhawat@netl.doe.gov NR 148 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1 PY 2011 BP 73 EP 128 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53563-4.10005-7 PG 56 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900006 ER PT J AU Haynes, DJ Shekhawat, D AF Haynes, Daniel J. Shekhawat, Dushyant BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI Oxidative Steam Reforming SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; NOBLE-METAL CATALYSTS; METHANE PARTIAL OXIDATION; ALUMINA-SUPPORTED NI; WATER-GAS-SHIFT; QUALITY NATURAL-GAS; MGO SOLID-SOLUTION; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS C1 [Haynes, Daniel J.; Shekhawat, Dushyant] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Haynes, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM daniel.haynes@netl.doe.gov; dushyant.shekhawat@netl.doe.gov NR 242 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1 PY 2011 BP 129 EP 190 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53563-4.10006-9 PG 62 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900007 ER PT B AU Gallagher, MJ Fridman, A AF Gallagher, Michael J., Jr. Fridman, Alexander BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI Plasma Reforming for H-2-Rich Synthesis Gas SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE; VIBRATIONALLY EXCITED METHANE; ASSISTED PARTIAL OXIDATION; NONTHERMAL-PLASMA; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; NANOSECOND DISCHARGE; ELECTRIC-DISCHARGE; HYDROCARBON FUELS; SYNGAS PRODUCTION C1 [Gallagher, Michael J., Jr.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. [Fridman, Alexander] Drexel Univ, AJ Drexel Plasma Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gallagher, MJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM michael.gallagher@ur.netl.doe.gov; af55@drexel.edu NR 109 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1; 978-0-444-53563-4 PY 2011 BP 223 EP 259 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53563-4.10008-2 PG 37 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900009 ER PT J AU Shekhawat, D AF Shekhawat, Dushyant BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI Nonconventional Reforming Methods SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUPERCRITICAL-WATER OXIDATION; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; RANEY-TYPE CATALYSTS; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; METHANE DECOMPOSITION; POROUS-MEDIA; FILAMENTOUS CARBON; ACTIVATED CARBONS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; THERMOCATALYTIC DECOMPOSITION C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Shekhawat, D (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. EM dushyant.shekhawat@netl.doe.gov NR 96 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1 PY 2011 BP 261 EP 283 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53563-4.10009-4 PG 23 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900010 ER PT B AU Dagle, RA Karim, A Li, GS Su, Y King, DL AF Dagle, Robert A. Karim, Ayman Li, Guosheng Su, Yu King, David L. BE Shekhawat, D Spivey, JJ Berry, DA TI Syngas Conditioning SO FUEL CELLS: TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WATER-GAS-SHIFT; PREFERENTIAL CO OXIDATION; NOBLE-METAL CATALYSTS; FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; HYDROGEN-RICH GAS; CARBON-MONOXIDE OXIDATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; COPPER MANGANESE OXIDE; IRON-BASED CATALYSTS; SUPPORTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES C1 [Dagle, Robert A.; Karim, Ayman; Li, Guosheng; Su, Yu; King, David L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dagle, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM robert.dagle@pnl.gov; ayman.karim@pnl.gov; guosheng.li@pnl.gov; david.king@pnl.gov NR 239 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-444-53564-1; 978-0-444-53563-4 PY 2011 BP 361 EP 408 DI 10.1016/B978-0-444-53563-4.10012-4 PG 48 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BEM70 UT WOS:000317387900013 ER PT J AU Hakala, JA Stanchina, W Soong, Y Hedges, S AF Hakala, J. Alexandra Stanchina, William Soong, Yee Hedges, Sheila TI Influence of frequency, grade, moisture and temperature on Green River oil shale dielectric properties and electromagnetic heating processes SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Oil shale; Electromagnetic; EM; Radio frequency; Microwave; Water; In situ retorting ID ELECTRICAL SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS; COAL GRINDABILITY; POROUS ROCKS; WATER; MODEL; SOIL; CONDUCTIVITY; CONSTANTS AB Development of in situ electromagnetic (EM) retorting technologies and design of specific EM well logging tools requires an understanding of various process parameters (applied frequency, mineral phases present, water content, organic content and temperature) on oil shale dielectric properties. In this literature review on oil shale dielectric properties, we found that at low temperatures (<200 degrees C) and constant oil shale grade, both the relative dielectric constant (epsilon') and imaginary permittivity (epsilon '') decrease with increased frequency and remain constant at higher frequencies. At low temperature and constant frequency, epsilon' decreases or remains constant with oil shale grade, while epsilon '' increases or shows no trend with oil shale grade. At higher temperatures (>200 degrees C) and constant frequency, epsilon' generally increases with temperature regardless of grade while epsilon '' fluctuates. At these temperatures, maximum values for both epsilon' and epsilon '' differ based upon oil shale grade. Formation fluids, mineral-bound water, and oil shale varve geometry also affect measured dielectric properties. This review presents and synthesizes prior work on the influence of applied frequency, oil shale grade, water, and temperature on the dielectric properties of oil shales that can aid in the future development of frequency- and temperature-specific in situ retorting technologies and oil shale grade assay tools. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hakala, J. Alexandra; Stanchina, William; Soong, Yee; Hedges, Sheila] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Stanchina, William] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Hakala, JA (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd,POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM Jacqueline.Hakala@netl.doe.gov OI Stanchina, William/0000-0002-1942-5805 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy Complementary Program Research Funds, Section 999 of the U.S. Energy Policy Act of 2005. We thank John Larsen and T. Robert McLendon for helpful discussions regarding oil shale geochemistry and in situ oil shale processing technologies. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Reference in this paper to any specific commercial product, process, or service is to facilitate understanding and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of Energy. NR 111 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 92 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.08.016 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 686CD UT WOS:000284673500001 ER PT S AU Baker, SE Panisko, EA AF Baker, Scott E. Panisko, Ellen A. BE Xu, JR Bluhm, BH TI Proteome Studies of Filamentous Fungi SO FUNGAL GENOMICS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Proteomics; Fungi; Pigments; Gene models ID QUANTITATIVE MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The continued fast pace of fungal genome sequence generation has enabled proteomic analysis of a wide variety of organisms that span the breadth of the Kingdom Fungi. There is some phylogenetic bias to the current catalog of fungi with reasonable DNA sequence databases (genomic or EST) that could be analyzed at a global proteomic level. However, the rapid development of next generation sequencing platforms has lowered the cost of genome sequencing such that in the near future, having a genome sequence will no longer be a time or cost bottleneck for downstream proteomic (and transcriptomic) analyses. High throughput, nongel-based proteomics offers a snapshot of proteins present in a given sample at a single point in time. There are a number of variations on the general methods and technologies for identifying peptides in a given sample. We present a method that can serve as a "baseline" for proteomic studies of fungi. C1 [Baker, Scott E.; Panisko, Ellen A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baker, SE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-039-3 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 722 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-040-9_9 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-040-9 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BVG85 UT WOS:000291502500009 PM 21590417 ER PT J AU Tillack, MS Raffray, AR Wang, XR Malang, S Abdel-Khalik, S Yoda, M Youchison, D AF Tillack, M. S. Raffray, A. R. Wang, X. R. Malang, S. Abdel-Khalik, S. Yoda, M. Youchison, D. TI Recent US activities on advanced He-cooled W-alloy divertor concepts for fusion power plants SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Divertor; High heat flux; Power plant; Helium; Tungsten ID ARIES-CS; THERMAL PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; TUBE; EXCHANGER; DEMO AB Several advanced He-cooled W-alloy divertor concepts have been considered recently for power plant applications. They range in scale from a plate configuration with characteristic dimension of the order of 1 m, to the ARIES-CS T-tube configuration with characteristic dimension of the order of 10 cm, to the EU FZK finger concept with characteristic dimension of the order of 1.5 cm. The trend in moving to smaller-scale units is aimed at minimizing the thermal stress under a given heat load; however, this is done at the expense of increasing the number of units, with a corresponding impact on the reliability of the system. The possibility of optimizing the design by combining different configurations in an integrated design, based on the anticipated divertor heat flux profile, also has been proposed. Several heat transfer enhancement schemes have been considered in these designs, including slot jet, multi-hole jet, porous media and pin arrays. This paper summarizes recent US efforts in this area, including optimization and assessment of the different concepts under power plant conditions. Analytical and experimental studies of the concepts and cooling schemes are presented. Key issues are identified and discussed to help guide future R&D, including fabrication, joining, material behavior under the fusion environment and impact of design choice on reliability. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tillack, M. S.; Raffray, A. R.; Wang, X. R.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 90093 USA. [Malang, S.] Fus Nucl Technol Consulting, D-76351 Linkenheim Hochstetten, Germany. [Abdel-Khalik, S.; Yoda, M.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Youchison, D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tillack, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 90093 USA. EM mtillack@ucsd.edu OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-04ER54757, DE-FG02-01ER54656]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported in part under U.S. Department of Energy grant numbers DE-FG02-04ER54757 and DE-FG02-01ER54656. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 86 IS 1 BP 71 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.08.015 PG 28 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 721EH UT WOS:000287335900011 ER PT J AU Kozioziemski, BJ Mapoles, ER Sater, JD Chernov, AA Moody, JD Lugten, JB Johnson, MA AF Kozioziemski, B. J. Mapoles, E. R. Sater, J. D. Chernov, A. A. Moody, J. D. Lugten, J. B. Johnson, M. A. TI DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM FUEL LAYER FORMATION FOR THE NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE cryotarget; deuterium-tritium; NIF ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; ICF CAPSULES; TARGETS; REQUIREMENTS; TEMPERATURE; FABRICATION; HOHLRAUMS AB Inertial confinement fusion requires very smooth and uniform solid deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel layers. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) point design calls for a 65- to 75-mu m-thick D-T fuel layer inside of a 2-mm-diam spherical ablator shell to be 1.5 K below the D-T melting temperature (T-m) of 19.79 K. We find that the layer quality depends on the initial crystal seeding, with the best layers grown from a single seed. The low modes of the layer are controlled by thermal shimming of the hohlraum and meet the NIF requirement with beryllium shells and nearly meet the requirement with plastic shells. The remaining roughness is localized in grain-boundary grooves and is minimal for a single crystal layer. Once formed, the layers need to be cooled to T-m - 1.5 K. We have studied dependence of the roughness on the cooling rate and found that cooling at rates of 0.03 to 0.5 K/s is able to preserve the layer structure for a few seconds after reaching the desired temperature. The entire fuel layer remains in contact with the shell during this rapid cooling. Thus, rapid cooling of the layers is able to satisfy the NIF ignition requirements. C1 [Kozioziemski, B. J.; Mapoles, E. R.; Sater, J. D.; Chernov, A. A.; Moody, J. D.; Lugten, J. B.; Johnson, M. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kozioziemski, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM kozioziemski1@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 14 EP 25 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800005 ER PT J AU Bhandarkar, S Parham, T Fair, J AF Bhandarkar, S. Parham, T. Fair, J. TI MODELING AND EXPERIMENTS OF COMPRESSIBLE GAS FLOW THROUGH MICROCAPILLARY FILL TUBES ON NIF TARGETS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE compressible gas; capillary flow; rarified flow ID SELF-DIFFUSION; CAPILLARIES AB For the various tuning as well as ignition campaigns, targets on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) need to be filled with gases, typically with the different isotopes of H(2) and He. Fill tubes that supply the two small chambers in the target, the capsule and the hohlraum, are microcapillaries that are only tens of microns in diameter and present significant impedance to flow. Knowledge of the exact pressures and gas compositions in the capsule and the hohlraum is critical for fielding targets on NIF. This requires modeling of the gas flow through the capillary tubes, at both room temperature and cryogenic temperatures. We present results from a comprehensive model and its experimental verification for a range of conditions such as temperature and pressure. C1 [Bhandarkar, S.; Parham, T.; Fair, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bhandarkar, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bhandarkar1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800010 ER PT J AU Stadermann, M Letts, SA Bhandarkar, S AF Stadermann, M. Letts, S. A. Bhandarkar, S. TI IMPROVEMENTS TO FORMVAR TENT FABRICATION USING THE MENISCUS COATER SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE inertial confinement fusion; target materials; Formvar tent AB The centering of an ignition target capsule strongly depends on high-quality "tents" with closely matched mechanical properties. The relevant properties are tent stiffness and relaxation behavior. Tent stiffness is matched by choosing tents of equal thickness. Here, we describe recent advances in tent fabrication that have increased the quality and production rate of tents. The most significant improvement comes from the use of a meniscus coater to produce Formvar tents of high uniformity and with good control of tent thickness and good yield. Other improvements include a switch to silicon wafers as deposition substrate and standardized tent holders. The improvements have resulted in a sixfold increase of the production rate while increasing the yield by a factor of 2, despite tighter quality control. C1 [Stadermann, M.; Letts, S. A.; Bhandarkar, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stadermann, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM stadermann2@llnl.gov RI Stadermann, Michael /A-5936-2012 OI Stadermann, Michael /0000-0001-8920-3581 NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 58 EP 62 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800011 ER PT J AU Letts, SA Bhandarkar, S Stadermann, M Birnbaum, J AF Letts, S. A. Bhandarkar, S. Stadermann, M. Birnbaum, J. TI QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ADHESIVES USED FOR NIC TARGET ASSEMBLY SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE photocured adhesive characterization; differential scanning calorimetry; viscometry ID PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; POLYMERIZATION; PHOTODSC AB Ultraviolet (UV)-cured adhesives are used to assemble targets for the National Ignition Campaign. Since cure behavior and adhesive strength are critical to successful, leak-free production of targets, it is desirable to establish a testing procedure to verify the viability of adhesives. To measure reaction conversion, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, viscometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) each specially adapted to allow UV exposure within the measuring instrument. We found that photo-DSC was the most sensitive technique of those we investigated for measuring conversion and reaction rate. The effect of adhesive age was measured. We found that as adhesives aged the total heat of reaction dropped. C1 [Letts, S. A.; Bhandarkar, S.; Stadermann, M.; Birnbaum, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Letts, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM letts1@llnl.gov RI Stadermann, Michael /A-5936-2012 OI Stadermann, Michael /0000-0001-8920-3581 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800012 ER PT J AU Montesanti, RC Alger, ET Atherton, LJ Bhandarkar, SD Castro, C Dzenitis, EG Edwards, GJ Hamza, AV Klingmann, JL Lord, DM Nikroo, A Parham, TG Reynolds, JL Seugling, RM Stadermann, M Swisher, MF Taylor, JS Wegner, PJ AF Montesanti, R. C. Alger, E. T. Atherton, L. J. Bhandarkar, S. D. Castro, C. Dzenitis, E. G. Edwards, G. J. Hamza, A. V. Klingmann, J. L. Lord, D. M. Nikroo, A. Parham, T. G. Reynolds, J. L. Seugling, R. M. Stadermann, M. Swisher, M. F. Taylor, J. S. Wegner, P. J. TI LESSONS FROM BUILDING LASER-DRIVEN FUSION IGNITION TARGETS WITH THE PRECISION ROBOTIC ASSEMBLY MACHINE SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE target fabrication; precision motion control; active compliance AB The Precision Robotic Assembly Machine was developed to manufacture the small and intricate laser-driven fusion ignition targets that are being used in the National Ignition Facility. The machine enables one person to assemble a high-quality precision target in 1 day with repeatable quality. The target assembly technician provides top-level control of the machine, initiating and controlling the movement of the motorized precision instruments. Hand movements are scaled to precision at the 100-nm level. Sensors embedded in the manipulator system provide 100-mg resolution force and gram-millimeter resolution torque feedback of the contact loads between delicate components being assembled with micrometer-level or no clearance. Combining precision motion control with force and torque feedback provides active compliance for assembling tightly fitting or snap-together components. The machine provides simultaneous manipulation of five objects in a 1-cm(3) operating arena and can stitch together multiple millimeter-scale operating arenas over distances spanning tens of centimeters with micrometer-level accuracy. Technology developed with the machine has been migrated to other machines used to assemble fusion targets. C1 [Montesanti, R. C.; Atherton, L. J.; Bhandarkar, S. D.; Castro, C.; Dzenitis, E. G.; Edwards, G. J.; Hamza, A. V.; Klingmann, J. L.; Lord, D. M.; Parham, T. G.; Reynolds, J. L.; Seugling, R. M.; Stadermann, M.; Taylor, J. S.; Wegner, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Alger, E. T.; Nikroo, A.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. [Swisher, M. F.] IAP Worldwide Serv, Cape Canaveral, FL USA. RP Montesanti, RC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. EM montesanti1@llnl.gov RI Stadermann, Michael /A-5936-2012 OI Stadermann, Michael /0000-0001-8920-3581 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 70 EP 77 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800013 ER PT J AU Alger, ET Kroll, J Dzenitis, EG Montesanti, R Hughes, J Swisher, M Taylor, J Segraves, K Lord, DM Reynolds, J Castro, C Edwards, G AF Alger, E. T. Kroll, J. Dzenitis, E. G. Montesanti, R. Hughes, J. Swisher, M. Taylor, J. Segraves, K. Lord, D. M. Reynolds, J. Castro, C. Edwards, G. TI NIF TARGET ASSEMBLY METROLOGY METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE target; metrology; National Ignition Facility AB Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) require cryogenic targets at the 1-cm scale to be fabricated, assembled, and metrologized to micron-level tolerances. During assembly of these ICF targets, there are physical dimension metrology steps to be made of the components, subassemblies, and completed targets. Metrology is primarily completed using optical coordinate measurement machines that provide repeatable measurements with micron precision, while also allowing in-process data collection for absolute accuracy in assembly. To date, 51 targets have been assembled and metrologized, and 34 targets have been successfully fielded on NIF relying on these metrology data. In the near future, ignition experiments on NIF will require tighter tolerances and more demanding target assembly and metrology capability. Metrology methods, calculations, and uncertainty estimates will be discussed. Target diagnostic port alignment, target position, and capsule location results will be reviewed for the 2009 Energetics Campaign. The information is presented via control charts showing the effect of process improvements that were made during target production. Certain parameters, including capsule position, met the 2009 campaign specifications but will have much tighter requirements in the future. To meet these new requirements assembly process changes and metrology capability upgrades will be necessary. C1 [Alger, E. T.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Kroll, J.; Dzenitis, E. G.; Montesanti, R.; Hughes, J.; Taylor, J.; Lord, D. M.; Reynolds, J.; Castro, C.; Edwards, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Swisher, M.; Segraves, K.] IAP, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alger, ET (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM alger5@llnl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800014 ER PT J AU Patterson, BM Obrey, KA Havrilla, GJ AF Patterson, Brian M. Obrey, Kimberly A. Havrilla, George J. TI FURTHER CHARACTERIZATIONS OF SPUTTERED COPPER BERYLLIUM CAPSULES USING CONFOCAL MICRO X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE confocal micro X-ray fluorescence; beryllium sputtered capsule; 3-D analysis AB Confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (confocal MXRF) is continuing to be explored as a method for characterizing copper and argon doped sputtered beryllium capsules. Previously demonstrated was the utility of confocal MXRF in both the two- and three-dimensional modes and overlaying the data with X-ray micro computed tomography as a method of nondestructive analysis. In this paper, the relative amount of copper dopant was measured as a function of capsule theta, examining the changes in the amounts of copper around the circumference of the capsule and comparing the relative amount of copper between capsules. A theta stage was specially constructed in order to perform line scans through the capsule wall while keeping the geometry of the measurement constant. Four capsules (one unpyrolyzed and three pyrolyzed) were examined with this method. The noise of the measurements averaged 1.43%, and differences within a capsule as a function of theta were 2.15%, with differences between capsules similar to 13% indicating that the measurement noise was approximately half the overall variation in copper signal and far less than the measured differences between capsules. These differences in the amount of copper within a capsule and between capsules are much greater than that obtained using absorption techniques. C1 [Patterson, Brian M.; Obrey, Kimberly A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Havrilla, George J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Patterson, BM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM bpatterson@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800021 ER PT J AU Youngblood, K Alford, C Bhandarkar, S Hayes, J Moreno, K Nikroo, A Xu, H AF Youngblood, K. Alford, C. Bhandarkar, S. Hayes, J. Moreno, K. Nikroo, A. Xu, H. TI IMPROVING THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE RADIAL ARGON CONCENTRATION IN BERYLLIUM SHELLS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE beryllium sputter coating; beryllium shells; NIF target ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY; CAPSULES; RADIOGRAPHY; ABLATORS; TARGETS AB Sputter coating of beryllium on spherical mandrels has been used at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at General Atomics to produce graded, copper doped beryllium shells. While these coatings have consistent microstructure and acceptable void content, different coaters produced different results with respect to argon implantation. Each individual system met the requirements for argon implantation, but the deviation from one system to another and from run to run exceeded the variability requirements as specified by the National Ignition Facility target design requirements. We redesigned the fixturing within one system to improve reproducibility. Then, we reconfigured the coaters so that the vertical and lateral alignments of the shells under the gun varied <1 mm between systems. After this process, the systems were able to produce beryllium capsules with radial argon profiles that met specifications and were consistent from run to run and from system to system. During this process we gained insight into the beryllium coating process. The radial argon variation was shown to be dependent on sputter target thickness. We also found that the argon content in the shells was extremely dependent on the position of the shells with respect to the gun. C1 [Youngblood, K.; Hayes, J.; Moreno, K.; Nikroo, A.; Xu, H.] Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. [Alford, C.; Bhandarkar, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Youngblood, K (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. EM youngblood1@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800022 ER PT J AU Mirkarimi, PB Bettencourt, KA Kellam, MC Davis, PJ Teslich, NE Alameda, JB AF Mirkarimi, P. B. Bettencourt, K. A. Kellam, M. C. Davis, P. J. Teslich, N. E. Alameda, J. B. TI THICK, MULTISTEPPED IRON AND TANTALUM TARGETS FOR EQUATION-OF-STATE MEASUREMENTS AT HIGH PRESSURES AND LOW TEMPERATURES SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE film; target; iron ID DEPOSITION; FILMS AB There is significant interest in the measurement of the equation of state and other parameters at high pressures and low temperatures. An example is iron, which plays a critical role in planetary interiors. Targets are needed to perform these important measurements on experimental platforms such as Omega and the National Ignition Facility. We have developed a process to successfully deposit thick (several tens of microns), stepped iron and tantalum films on thin diamond substrates, to fabricate these targets. We will discuss the technical challenges that were encountered and overcome in their fabrication, such as stress/delamination in the iron system, and in achieving the desired phase in the tantalum system. We will also present characterization results on these targets. C1 [Mirkarimi, P. B.; Bettencourt, K. A.; Kellam, M. C.; Davis, P. J.; Teslich, N. E.; Alameda, J. B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mirkarimi, PB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM Mirkarimi1@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800023 ER PT J AU Hamilton, CE Honnell, D Patterson, BM Schmidt, DW Obrey, KAD AF Hamilton, Christopher E. Honnell, Diana Patterson, Brian M. Schmidt, Derek W. Obrey, Kimberly A. DeFriend TI INCORPORATION OF TRACER ELEMENTS WITHIN AEROGELS AND CH FOAMS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE aero gel; HIPE polymer foam; high-Z tracers ID INERTIAL FUSION-TARGETS; EMULSIONS; ACRYLATE; LASER AB Low-density materials containing tracer elements are an important component of target platforms for high-energy density physics experiments. High-Z elements can be dispersed homogeneously by changing chemistry of the matrix or by simple physical mixing; alternately, tracers can be introduced heterogeneously in the form of ultrathin foils or particles. We have recently focused on how best to manufacture and embed tracer elements into silica aerogels and polystyrene-divinylbenzene (CH)foams. The ability to control dopant concentration and distribution is critical to final shot success. We have produced low-density CH foams doped with chlorine at levels up to 2 at. %. In addition, we have placed metal particles and foils precisely within silica aerogel monoliths. C1 [Hamilton, Christopher E.; Honnell, Diana; Patterson, Brian M.; Schmidt, Derek W.; Obrey, Kimberly A. DeFriend] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hamilton, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-7, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM defriend@lanl.gov OI Hamilton, Christopher/0000-0002-1605-5992 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 194 EP 198 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800032 ER PT J AU Obrey, KAD Sherrill, M Devlin, DJ Day, RD Schmidt, DW Espinoza, BF Hubbard, KM Valdez, AC Archer, M Capelli, D Fierro, F Randolph, RB AF Obrey, Kimberly A. Defriend Sherrill, Manolo Devlin, David J. Day, Robert D. Schmidt, Derek W. Espinoza, Brent F. Hubbard, Kevin M. Valdez, Adelaida C. Archer, McIlwaine Capelli, Deanna Fierro, Franklin Randolph, Randall B. TI TARGET FABRICATION OF OPACITY EXPERIMENTS ON Z FOR WEAPONS SCIENCE APPLICATIONS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE opacity; targets; coatings AB Opacity data are very important in high energy density physics experiments. Recent targets of alternating layers of either Al(2)Te(3) or Mg/Sn with a CH tamper have been made for obtaining these data. These targets are geometrically simple in the half-moon configuration of the metal compound coating to the pure CH tamper but require stringent procedural requirements to fabricate to the purity requirements. These specific targets require mass ratios of elements that proved to be difficult to obtain while also having the requirement of being pinhole-free and oxygen-free. C1 [Obrey, Kimberly A. Defriend; Sherrill, Manolo; Devlin, David J.; Day, Robert D.; Schmidt, Derek W.; Espinoza, Brent F.; Hubbard, Kevin M.; Valdez, Adelaida C.; Archer, McIlwaine; Capelli, Deanna; Fierro, Franklin; Randolph, Randall B.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Obrey, KAD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM defriend@lanl.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800041 ER PT J AU Lairson, B Smith, R Guckian, J Ayers, T Bhandarkar, S AF Lairson, Bruce Smith, Ryan Guckian, Jeff Ayers, Travis Bhandarkar, Suhas TI LASER ENTRANCE HOLE WINDOW BURST AND PRESSURE DEFLECTIONS AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Target Fabrication Meeting CY FEB 21-26, 2010 CL Orlando, FL DE hohlraum; polyimide; Weibull AB Laser entrance hole (LEH) windows for hohlraums must have minimal thickness yet must contain low-temperature tamping gas in a reproducible envelope at 52 kPa. Given the high cost of a window failure, it is important to understand variability in the finished windows. Polyimide LEH window pressure deflection profiles were measured at 18K. The shape and magnitude of pressure deflections of LEH windows were well described using thin film elastic mechanics. Subsequently, 24 windows with 3.9-mm apertures were selected from several production lots to measure reproducibility. The windows were cooled to 18 K, and their leak rates, deflections to 52 kPa, and burst pressures were measured. The mean window deflection at 18 K was 260 mu m, with a standard deviation of 20 mu m. Variability in window deflections was well described by an anisotropic initial strain model. Window burst pressure was found to obey first-order Weibull statistics. The predicted failure rate for the use conditions was extrapolated to be <0.1%. C1 [Lairson, Bruce; Smith, Ryan; Guckian, Jeff; Ayers, Travis] Luxel Corp, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Bhandarkar, Suhas] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lairson, B (reprint author), Luxel Corp, 515 Tucker Ave, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. EM bruce.lairson@luxel.com NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 59 IS 1 BP 262 EP 266 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 705PT UT WOS:000286150800042 ER PT S AU Misra, K Fruchter, AS Nugent, P AF Misra, Kuntal Fruchter, A. S. Nugent, Peter BE McEnery, JE Racusin, JL Gehrels, N TI Late-time HST observations of XRF 060218/SN 2006aj SO GAMMA RAY BURSTS 2010 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Gamma Ray Bursts CY NOV 01-04, 2010 CL Annapolis, MD DE X-Ray Flash; Supernova; SN 2006aj ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; SN 1998BW; SUPERNOVA; GRB-060218; SN-2006AJ AB We present the late-time Hubble Space Telescope observations of the supernova, SN 2006aj, associated with the X-ray flash (XRF) 060218. Using the multi-color observations, covering similar to 150-260 days after the burst, we constrain the late-time decay nature of the supernova.. The late-time decay rates in SN 2006aj are quite similar to those of SN 1998bw except in the B band. We find that the late-time luminosity in SN 2006aj is a factor of two less than that of SN 1998bw which suggests a factor of two less in the ejected mass of Ni-56. C1 [Misra, Kuntal; Fruchter, A. S.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nugent, Peter] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Computat Cosmol Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Misra, K (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0916-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1358 DI 10.1063/1.3621793 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BZU09 UT WOS:000302963100068 ER PT S AU Qian, WJ Petritis, BO Nicora, CD Smith, RD AF Qian, Wei-Jun Petritis, Brianne O. Nicora, Carrie D. Smith, Richard D. BE Gevaert, K Vandekerckhove, J TI 'Trypsin-Catalyzed Oxygen-18 Labeling for Quantitative Proteomics SO GEL-FREE PROTEOMICS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE LC-MS; O-18 labeling; quantitative proteomics; stable isotope labeling; enzymatic labelling ID TIME TAG APPROACH; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACCURATE MASS; BACK-EXCHANGE; THROUGHPUT AB Stable isotope labeling based on relative peptide/protein abundance measurements is commonly applied for quantitative proteomics. Recently, trypsin-catalyzed oxygen-18 labeling has grown in popularity due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and its ability to universally label peptides with high sample recovery. In O-18 labeling, both C-terminal carboxyl group atoms of tryptic peptides can be enzymatically exchanged with O-18, thus providing the labeled peptide with a 4 Da mass shift from the O-16-labeled sample. Peptide O-18 labeling is ideally suited for generating a labeled "universal" reference sample used for obtaining accurate and reproducible quantitative measurements across large number of samples in quantitative discovery proteomics. C1 [Qian, Wei-Jun; Petritis, Brianne O.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Smith, Richard D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Qian, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR018522] NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-61779-147-5 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2011 VL 753 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1007/978-1-61779-148-2_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-61779-148-2 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA BVJ56 UT WOS:000291666500003 PM 21604114 ER PT J AU Lopes, IF Tomasulo-Seccomandi, AM Bryan, AL Brisbin, IL Glenn, TC Del Lama, SN AF Lopes, I. F. Tomasulo-Seccomandi, A. M. Bryan, A. L., Jr. Brisbin, I. L., Jr. Glenn, T. C. Del Lama, S. N. TI Genetic status of the wood stork (Mycteria americana) from the southeastern United States and the Brazilian Pantanal as revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis SO GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Ciconiiformes; Conservation genetics; Heteroplasmy; Demographic history; Population structuring; Waterbirds ID STATISTICAL TESTS; POPULATION; HISTORY; MUTATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; POLYMORPHISM; BOTTLENECKS; VARIABILITY; NEUTRALITY; SELECTION AB The wood stork (Mycteria americana) is a colonial wading bird that inhabits the Neotropical region from the southeastern United States (US) to northern Argentina. The species is considered to be endangered in the US due to degradation of its foraging and breeding habitat. In other parts of its range, such as in the Brazilian Pantanal region, breeding populations of this species appear to be stable. We compared the levels of genetic variability and population structuring of the US and the Pantanal breeding populations using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences. Twenty-seven haplotypes were identified among 88 wood stork samples collected from eight breeding colonies in the US and eight in the Pantanal. Patterns indicative of heteroplasmy were observed in 35.3% of the mtDNA sequences that were examined. Significantly higher levels of haplotype diversity were observed in the Pantanal samples compared to those from the US, suggesting that during the last century, demographic declines or a recent evolutionary bottleneck reduced the levels of mtDNA variability of the US population. Analyses of genetic structuring revealed non-significant genetic differentiation between these regions, indicating that either the populations were only recently separated or that gene flow continues to occur at low levels. Haplotype network analysis indicated low current levels of gene flow between populations that were closely related in the past. C1 [Lopes, I. F.; Tomasulo-Seccomandi, A. M.; Del Lama, S. N.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet Evolucao, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Tomasulo-Seccomandi, A. M.; Bryan, A. L., Jr.; Brisbin, I. L., Jr.; Glenn, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Lopes, I. F.] Univ Fed Sao Joao Del Rei, Dept Engn Biossistemas, Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil. [Glenn, T. C.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lopes, IF (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet Evolucao, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM iaraflopes@ufsj.edu.br RI Lopes, Iara/A-9425-2013 FU CNPq [140768/2002-5]; FAPESP [2004/15205-8]; FAPEMIG [PRI-00104-10]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546] FX The authors are grateful to the property owners who allowed access to the wood stork breeding colonies; A.E. Seccomandi, A.S. Cristino, A.T.B. dos Santos, C.D. Rocha, and M.A. Del Lama assisted with wood stork blood collection in the Pantanal; J.A. Rodgers Jr., R.A. Van Den Bussche, and B. Hylton provided samples from the US. Thanks also go to J.A.F. Monteiro and L. Rivaroli for drawing the map. We are grateful to CEMAVE/IBAMA for permission to handle birds and to collect biological material from wood storks in the Pantanal. Research supported by CNPq (#140768/2002-5), FAPESP (#2004/15205-8), and FAPEMIG (#PRI-00104-10). Additional support was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy Financial Assistance Award #DE-FC09-96SR18546 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation/SREL. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU FUNPEC-EDITORA PI RIBEIRAO PRETO PA RUA HUDSON 655, JARDIM CANADA, RIBEIRAO PRETO, SP, BRAZIL SN 1676-5680 J9 GENET MOL RES JI Genet. Mol. Res. PY 2011 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1910 EP 1922 DI 10.4238/vol10-3gmr1217 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 832RG UT WOS:000295823500061 PM 21948753 ER PT J AU Kubicek, CP Herrera-Estrella, A Seidl-Seiboth, V Martinez, DA Druzhinina, IS Thon, M Zeilinger, S Casas-Flores, S Horwitz, BA Mukherjee, PK Mukherjee, M Kredics, L Alcaraz, LD Aerts, A Antal, Z Atanasova, L Cervantes-Badillo, MG Challacombe, J Chertkov, O McCluskey, K Coulpier, F Deshpande, N von Dohren, H Ebbole, DJ Esquivel-Naranjo, EU Fekete, E Flipphi, M Glaser, F Gomez-Rodriguez, EY Gruber, S Han, C Henrissat, B Hermosa, R Hernandez-Onate, M Karaffa, L Kosti, I Le Crom, S Lindquist, E Lucas, S Lubeck, M Lubeck, PS Margeot, A Metz, B Misra, M Nevalainen, H Omann, M Packer, N Perrone, G Uresti-Rivera, EE Salamov, A Schmoll, M Seiboth, B Shapiro, H Sukno, S Tamayo-Ramos, JA Tisch, D Wiest, A Wilkinson, HH Zhang, M Coutinho, PM Kenerley, CM Monte, E Baker, SE Grigoriev, IV AF Kubicek, Christian P. Herrera-Estrella, Alfredo Seidl-Seiboth, Verena Martinez, Diego A. Druzhinina, Irina S. Thon, Michael Zeilinger, Susanne Casas-Flores, Sergio Horwitz, Benjamin A. Mukherjee, Prasun K. Mukherjee, Mala Kredics, Laszlo Alcaraz, Luis D. Aerts, Andrea Antal, Zsuzsanna Atanasova, Lea Cervantes-Badillo, Mayte G. Challacombe, Jean Chertkov, Olga McCluskey, Kevin Coulpier, Fanny Deshpande, Nandan von Doehren, Hans Ebbole, Daniel J. Esquivel-Naranjo, Edgardo U. Fekete, Erzsebet Flipphi, Michel Glaser, Fabian Gomez-Rodriguez, Elida Y. Gruber, Sabine Han, Cliff Henrissat, Bernard Hermosa, Rosa Hernandez-Onate, Miguel Karaffa, Levente Kosti, Idit Le Crom, Stephane Lindquist, Erika Lucas, Susan Luebeck, Mette Luebeck, Peter S. Margeot, Antoine Metz, Benjamin Misra, Monica Nevalainen, Helena Omann, Markus Packer, Nicolle Perrone, Giancarlo Uresti-Rivera, Edith E. Salamov, Asaf Schmoll, Monika Seiboth, Bernhard Shapiro, Harris Sukno, Serenella Tamayo-Ramos, Juan Antonio Tisch, Doris Wiest, Aric Wilkinson, Heather H. Zhang, Michael Coutinho, Pedro M. Kenerley, Charles M. Monte, Enrique Baker, Scott E. Grigoriev, Igor V. TI Comparative genome sequence analysis underscores mycoparasitism as the ancestral life style of Trichoderma SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; PLANT-ROOT COLONIZATION; CELL-WALL; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; EUKARYOTIC GENOMES; HYPOCREA-JECORINA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; HYDROPHOBIN GENE; PATHOGENIC FUNGI; DNA-SEQUENCES AB Background: Mycoparasitism, a lifestyle where one fungus is parasitic on another fungus, has special relevance when the prey is a plant pathogen, providing a strategy for biological control of pests for plant protection. Probably, the most studied biocontrol agents are species of the genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma. Results: Here we report an analysis of the genome sequences of the two biocontrol species Trichoderma atroviride (teleomorph Hypocrea atroviridis) and Trichoderma virens (formerly Gliocladium virens, teleomorph Hypocrea virens), and a comparison with Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina). These three Trichoderma species display a remarkable conservation of gene order (78 to 96%), and a lack of active mobile elements probably due to repeat-induced point mutation. Several gene families are expanded in the two mycoparasitic species relative to T. reesei or other ascomycetes, and are overrepresented in non-syntenic genome regions. A phylogenetic analysis shows that T. reesei and T. virens are derived relative to T. atroviride. The mycoparasitism-specific genes thus arose in a common Trichoderma ancestor but were subsequently lost in T. reesei. Conclusions: The data offer a better understanding of mycoparasitism, and thus enforce the development of improved biocontrol strains for efficient and environmentally friendly protection of plants. C1 [Kubicek, Christian P.; Seidl-Seiboth, Verena; Druzhinina, Irina S.; Zeilinger, Susanne; Atanasova, Lea; Gruber, Sabine; Metz, Benjamin; Omann, Markus; Schmoll, Monika; Seiboth, Bernhard; Tisch, Doris] Vienna Univ Technol, Area Gene Technol & Appl Biochem, Inst Chem Engn, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. [Herrera-Estrella, Alfredo; Alcaraz, Luis D.; Esquivel-Naranjo, Edgardo U.; Hernandez-Onate, Miguel] Lab Nacl Genom Biodiversidad, Irapuato 36821, Mexico. [Martinez, Diego A.] Broad Inst MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. [Thon, Michael; Hermosa, Rosa; Sukno, Serenella; Monte, Enrique] Univ Salamanca, Dept Genet & Microbiol, Ctr Hispanoluso Invest Agr CIALE, Villamayor 37185, Spain. [Casas-Flores, Sergio; Cervantes-Badillo, Mayte G.; Gomez-Rodriguez, Elida Y.; Uresti-Rivera, Edith E.] Inst Potosino Invest Cient & Tecnol, Div Mol Biol, San Luis Potosi 78216, Mexico. [Horwitz, Benjamin A.; Mukherjee, Mala; Glaser, Fabian; Kosti, Idit] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Biol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Mukherjee, Prasun K.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Nucl Agr & Biotechnol Div, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Kredics, Laszlo; Antal, Zsuzsanna] Univ Szeged, Dept Microbiol, Fac Sci & Informat, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary. [Aerts, Andrea; Challacombe, Jean; Chertkov, Olga; Han, Cliff; Lindquist, Erika; Lucas, Susan; Misra, Monica; Salamov, Asaf; Shapiro, Harris; Zhang, Michael; Baker, Scott E.; Grigoriev, Igor V.] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. [McCluskey, Kevin; Wiest, Aric] Univ Missouri, Sch Biol Sci, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Coulpier, Fanny; Le Crom, Stephane; Wilkinson, Heather H.] Ctr Natl Rech Sci UMR8197, IBENS, Inst Natl Sante & Rech Med U1024, F-75005 Paris, France. [Deshpande, Nandan; Nevalainen, Helena; Packer, Nicolle] Macquarie Univ, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [von Doehren, Hans] TU Berlin, FG Biochem & Mol Biol OE2, Inst Chem, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Ebbole, Daniel J.; Kenerley, Charles M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Fekete, Erzsebet; Karaffa, Levente] Univ Debrecen, Dept Biochem Engn, Fac Sci & Technol, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. [Flipphi, Michel] CSIC, Inst Agroquim & Tecnol Alimentos, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. [Henrissat, Bernard; Coutinho, Pedro M.] Univ Aix Marseille 2, UMR6098, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Luebeck, Mette; Luebeck, Peter S.] Aalborg Univ, Dept Biotechnol Chem & Environm Engn, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark. [Margeot, Antoine] IFP Energies Nouvelles, Dept Biotechnol, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. [Perrone, Giancarlo] CNR, Inst Sci Food Prod ISPA, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Tamayo-Ramos, Juan Antonio] Wageningen Univ, Fungal Syst Biol Grp, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Baker, Scott E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Proc Dev Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kubicek, CP (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Area Gene Technol & Appl Biochem, Inst Chem Engn, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. EM ckubicek@mail.zserv.tuwien.ac.at RI Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; IFPEN, Publications/A-8028-2008; Herrera-Estrella, Alfredo/F-3185-2011; Alcaraz, Luis David/D-1352-2011; Perrone, Giancarlo/O-7475-2014; Sukno, Serenella/K-1449-2014; Thon, Michael/M-9463-2014; Schmoll, Monika/I-6541-2016; Le Crom, Stephane/P-4176-2016; Monte, Enrique/A-9008-2017; Hermosa, Rosa/A-9409-2017; Physico chimie, Direction Physico /C-1380-2013; OI Herrera-Estrella, Alfredo/0000-0002-4589-6870; Alcaraz, Luis David/0000-0003-3284-0605; Perrone, Giancarlo/0000-0002-3841-6066; Sukno, Serenella/0000-0003-3248-6490; Thon, Michael/0000-0002-7225-7003; Schmoll, Monika/0000-0003-3918-0574; Le Crom, Stephane/0000-0002-0534-7797; Monte, Enrique/0000-0002-0166-5181; Hermosa, Rosa/0000-0003-4758-5838; Lubeck, Mette/0000-0003-1768-0279; Zeilinger, susanne/0000-0003-3112-0948; Atanasova, Lea/0000-0002-1751-277X; Kredics, Laszlo/0000-0002-8837-3973 FU Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBISA); Junta de Castilla y Leon [GR67]; MICINN [AGL2008-0512/AGR, AGL2009-13431-C02]; Austrian Science Foundation [FWF P17895-B06, P20559, T390, P18109-B12, P-19421, V139B20, P-19340]; French national program PNRB [AANR-07-BIOE-006]; Ramon y Cajal from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCINN) [RYC-2004-003005]; Vienna Science and Technology Fund [WWTF LS09-036] FX Genome sequencing and analysis was conducted by the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute and supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. MGC-B, EYG-R, MH-O, and EEU-R are indebted to Conacyt for doctoral fellowships. SLC and FC was supported by the Infrastructures en Biologie Sante et Agronomie (IBISA). EM and RH work was supported by the grants Junta de Castilla y Leon GR67, MICINN AGL2008-0512/AGR and AGL2009-13431-C02. The work of ISD, VS-S, LA, BS, BM, SZ, MS, and CPK was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (grants FWF P17895-B06, P20559, T390, P18109-B12, P-19421, V139B20 and P-19340). The work of PMC and BH was supported by project number AANR-07-BIOE-006 from the French national program PNRB. MF was the recipient of a postdoctoral contract Ramon y Cajal from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCINN: RYC-2004-003005). SZ acknowledges support from the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF LS09-036). NR 92 TC 166 Z9 175 U1 12 U2 92 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 AR R40 DI 10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-r40 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 794BW UT WOS:000292871100008 PM 21501500 ER PT J AU Li, XY Thomas, S Sabo, PJ Eisen, MB Stamatoyannopoulos, JA Biggin, MD AF Li, Xiao-Yong Thomas, Sean Sabo, Peter J. Eisen, Michael B. Stamatoyannopoulos, John A. Biggin, Mark D. TI The role of chromatin accessibility in directing the widespread, overlapping patterns of Drosophila transcription factor binding SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; HOMEOPROTEIN-DNA-BINDING; CIS-REGULATORY MODULES; INTERACTIONS IN-VIVO; HEAT-SHOCK GENES; HUMAN GENOME; GLUCOCORTICOID-RECEPTOR; HYPERSENSITIVE SITES; REPRESSOR GRADIENTS; PROTEIN-BINDING AB Background: In Drosophila embryos, many biochemically and functionally unrelated transcription factors bind quantitatively to highly overlapping sets of genomic regions, with much of the lowest levels of binding being incidental, non-functional interactions on DNA. The primary biochemical mechanisms that drive these genome-wide occupancy patterns have yet to be established. Results: Here we use data resulting from the DNaseI digestion of isolated embryo nuclei to provide a biophysical measure of the degree to which proteins can access different regions of the genome. We show that the in vivo binding patterns of 21 developmental regulators are quantitatively correlated with DNA accessibility in chromatin. Furthermore, we find that levels of factor occupancy in vivo correlate much more with the degree of chromatin accessibility than with occupancy predicted from in vitro affinity measurements using purified protein and naked DNA. Within accessible regions, however, the intrinsic affinity of the factor for DNA does play a role in determining net occupancy, with even weak affinity recognition sites contributing. Finally, we show that programmed changes in chromatin accessibility between different developmental stages correlate with quantitative alterations in factor binding. Conclusions: Based on these and other results, we propose a general mechanism to explain the widespread, overlapping DNA binding by animal transcription factors. In this view, transcription factors are expressed at sufficiently high concentrations in cells such that they can occupy their recognition sequences in highly accessible chromatin without the aid of physical cooperative interactions with other proteins, leading to highly overlapping, graded binding of unrelated factors. C1 [Thomas, Sean; Sabo, Peter J.; Stamatoyannopoulos, John A.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Li, Xiao-Yong; Eisen, Michael B.; Biggin, Mark D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Xiao-Yong; Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eisen, Michael B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stamatoyannopoulos, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Foege S310A,1705 NE Pacific St,Box 355065, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jstam@STAMLAB.ORG; mdbiggin@lbl.gov OI Eisen, Michael/0000-0002-7528-738X FU US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM704403]; NIH [R01GM71923, T90 HG 004007-04]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is part of a collaboration between the BDTNP and John Stamatoyannopoulos' group. We are very grateful for the frequent advice, support, criticism, and enthusiasm of members of both groups. The in vivo DNA binding data were funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grants GM704403 (to MDB and MBE). Computational analyses were funded by NIH grant R01GM71923 (to JAS) and T90 HG 004007-04 (to ST). Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was conducted under Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 108 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 4 AR R34 DI 10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-r34 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 794BW UT WOS:000292871100002 PM 21473766 ER PT J AU Miller, CS Baker, BJ Thomas, BC Singer, SW Banfield, JF AF Miller, Christopher S. Baker, Brett J. Thomas, Brian C. Singer, Steven W. Banfield, Jillian F. TI EMIRGE: reconstruction of full-length ribosomal genes from microbial community short read sequencing data SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; RARE BIOSPHERE; RNA GENES; DEEP-SEA; DIVERSITY; ALIGNMENT; GENOME; AMPLIFICATION; BACTERIA; PCR AB Recovery of ribosomal small subunit genes by assembly of short read community DNA sequence data generally fails, making taxonomic characterization difficult. Here, we solve this problem with a novel iterative method, based on the expectation maximization algorithm, that reconstructs full-length small subunit gene sequences and provides estimates of relative taxon abundances. We apply the method to natural and simulated microbial communities, and correctly recover community structure from known and previously unreported rRNA gene sequences. An implementation of the method is freely available at https://github.com/csmiller/EMIRGE. C1 [Miller, Christopher S.; Baker, Brett J.; Thomas, Brian C.; Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Singer, Steven W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Singer, Steven W.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Deconstruct Div, Emeryville, CA 94660 USA. [Banfield, Jillian F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 307 McCone Hall 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM csmiller@berkeley.edu; jbanfield@berkeley.edu RI Baker, Brett/P-1783-2014; OI Baker, Brett/0000-0002-5971-1021; Miller, Christopher/0000-0002-9448-8144 FU Genome Sciences Program in Carbon Cycling [DE-SC0004665]; Systems Biology Knowledgebase [DE-SC0004918]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank members of the Banfield lab for helpful discussions. Susannah Tringe, Tijana Glavina Del Rio and Kurt LaButte of the Joint Genome Institute (Walnut Creek, CA) are acknowledged for their assistance in obtaining metagenomic sequencing data. This work was supported by Genome Sciences Program in Carbon Cycling (contract number DE-SC0004665), Systems Biology Knowledgebase (contract number DE-SC0004918), and by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. Portions of this work were performed as part of the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the US Department of Energy. Metagenomic sequencing was conducted by the Joint Genome Institute, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 54 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 28 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 AR R44 DI 10.1186/gb-2011-12-5-r44 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 831LR UT WOS:000295732700008 PM 21595876 ER PT J AU Sucgang, R Kuo, A Tian, XJ Salerno, W Parikh, A Feasley, CL Dalin, E Tu, H Huang, EY Barry, K Lindquist, E Shapiro, H Bruce, D Schmutz, J Salamov, A Fey, P Gaudet, P Anjard, C Babu, MM Basu, S Bushmanova, Y van der Wel, H Katoh-Kurasawa, M Dinh, C Coutinho, PM Saito, T Elias, M Schaap, P Kay, RR Henrissat, B Eichinger, L Rivero, F Putnam, NH West, CM Loomis, WF Chisholm, RL Shaulsky, G Strassmann, JE Queller, DC Kuspa, A Grigoriev, IV AF Sucgang, Richard Kuo, Alan Tian, Xiangjun Salerno, William Parikh, Anup Feasley, Christa L. Dalin, Eileen Tu, Hank Huang, Eryong Barry, Kerrie Lindquist, Erika Shapiro, Harris Bruce, David Schmutz, Jeremy Salamov, Asaf Fey, Petra Gaudet, Pascale Anjard, Christophe Babu, M. Madan Basu, Siddhartha Bushmanova, Yulia van der Wel, Hanke Katoh-Kurasawa, Mariko Dinh, Christopher Coutinho, Pedro M. Saito, Tamao Elias, Marek Schaap, Pauline Kay, Robert R. Henrissat, Bernard Eichinger, Ludwig Rivero, Francisco Putnam, Nicholas H. West, Christopher M. Loomis, William F. Chisholm, Rex L. Shaulsky, Gad Strassmann, Joan E. Queller, David C. Kuspa, Adam Grigoriev, Igor V. TI Comparative genomics of the social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum and Dictyostelium purpureum SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIATION-INDUCING-FACTOR; CELLULAR SLIME-MOLD; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; ADENYLYL-CYCLASE; TERMINAL DIFFERENTIATION; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; CHEATER MUTANTS; PROTEIN-KINASES; NONCODING RNAS AB Background: The social amoebae (Dictyostelia) are a diverse group of Amoebozoa that achieve multicellularity by aggregation and undergo morphogenesis into fruiting bodies with terminally differentiated spores and stalk cells. There are four groups of dictyostelids, with the most derived being a group that contains the model species Dictyostelium discoideum. Results: We have produced a draft genome sequence of another group dictyostelid, Dictyostelium purpureum, and compare it to the D. discoideum genome. The assembly (8.41 x coverage) comprises 799 scaffolds totaling 33.0 Mb, comparable to the D. discoideum genome size. Sequence comparisons suggest that these two dictyostelids shared a common ancestor approximately 400 million years ago. In spite of this divergence, most orthologs reside in small clusters of conserved synteny. Comparative analyses revealed a core set of orthologous genes that illuminate dictyostelid physiology, as well as differences in gene family content. Interesting patterns of gene conservation and divergence are also evident, suggesting function differences; some protein families, such as the histidine kinases, have undergone little functional change, whereas others, such as the polyketide synthases, have undergone extensive diversification. The abundant amino acid homopolymers encoded in both genomes are generally not found in homologous positions within proteins, so they are unlikely to derive from ancestral DNA triplet repeats. Genes involved in the social stage evolved more rapidly than others, consistent with either relaxed selection or accelerated evolution due to social conflict. Conclusions: The findings from this new genome sequence and comparative analysis shed light on the biology and evolution of the Dictyostelia. C1 [Sucgang, Richard; Salerno, William; Dinh, Christopher; Kuspa, Adam] Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Kuo, Alan; Dalin, Eileen; Tu, Hank; Barry, Kerrie; Lindquist, Erika; Shapiro, Harris; Bruce, David; Schmutz, Jeremy; Salamov, Asaf; Grigoriev, Igor V.] US DOE, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Tian, Xiangjun; Putnam, Nicholas H.; Shaulsky, Gad; Strassmann, Joan E.; Queller, David C.; Kuspa, Adam] Rice Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Parikh, Anup; Huang, Eryong; Katoh-Kurasawa, Mariko; Shaulsky, Gad; Kuspa, Adam] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Feasley, Christa L.; van der Wel, Hanke; West, Christopher M.] Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma Ctr Med Glycobiol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. [Fey, Petra; Gaudet, Pascale; Basu, Siddhartha; Bushmanova, Yulia; Chisholm, Rex L.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Genet Med, DictyBase, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Anjard, Christophe; Loomis, William F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Sect Cell & Dev Biol, Div Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Babu, M. Madan; Kay, Robert R.] MRC Ctr, Mol Biol Lab, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England. [Coutinho, Pedro M.; Henrissat, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille 1, UMR6098, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Coutinho, Pedro M.; Henrissat, Bernard] Univ Aix Marseille 2, UMR6098, CNRS, F-13288 Marseille, France. [Saito, Tamao] Sophia Univ, Dept Mat & Life Sci, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028554, Japan. [Elias, Marek] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Bot, Fac Sci, Prague 12843, Czech Republic. [Elias, Marek] Charles Univ Prague, Dept Parasitol, Fac Sci, Prague 12843, Czech Republic. [Schaap, Pauline] Univ Dundee, Coll Life Sci, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. [Eichinger, Ludwig] University Cologne, Ctr Mol Med Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany. [Rivero, Francisco] Univ Hull, Ctr Biomed Res, Hull York Med Sch, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. [Rivero, Francisco] Univ Hull, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside, England. RP Kuspa, A (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs Mclean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM akuspa@bcm.edu RI Putnam, Nicholas/B-9968-2008; Schaap, Pauline/A-3682-2009; Henrissat, Bernard/J-2475-2012; Elias, Marek/D-6851-2014; Fey, Petra/O-5977-2015; OI Putnam, Nicholas/0000-0002-1315-782X; Schaap, Pauline/0000-0003-4500-2555; Elias, Marek/0000-0003-0066-6542; Fey, Petra/0000-0002-4532-2703; Kuspa, Adam/0000-0002-9156-149X; Kay, Robert R/0000-0001-9836-7967; Shaulsky, Gad/0000-0002-0532-0551; Strassmann, Joan/0000-0003-0638-8440 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; University of California; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396]; National Institute of Health [HD39691, GM64426, HG0022, GM84383]; National Science Foundation [EF-0626963, DEB-0918931]; Keck Center for Interdisciplinary Bioscience Training of the Gulf Coast Consortia (NIH) [1 T90 DA022885, 1 R90 DA023418] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program and the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344, Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-06NA25396. The annotation effort was supported by grants HD39691 (A Kuspa, GS, and RS), GM64426 (RLC), HG0022 (RLC) and GM84383 (CMW) from the National Institute of Health, and by grants EF-0626963 and DEB-0918931 (JES and DCQ) from the National Science Foundation. AP was supported by a fellowship from the Keck Center for Interdisciplinary Bioscience Training of the Gulf Coast Consortia (NIH Grants 1 T90 DA022885 and 1 R90 DA023418). NR 130 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 38 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1465-6906 J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 2 AR R20 DI 10.1186/gb-2011-12-2-r20 PG 23 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 748BS UT WOS:000289365600016 PM 21356102 ER PT J AU Thomas, S Li, XY Sabo, PJ Sandstrom, R Thurman, RE Canfield, TK Giste, E Fisher, W Hammonds, A Celniker, SE Biggin, MD Stamatoyannopoulos, JA AF Thomas, Sean Li, Xiao-Yong Sabo, Peter J. Sandstrom, Richard Thurman, Robert E. Canfield, Theresa K. Giste, Erika Fisher, William Hammonds, Ann Celniker, Susan E. Biggin, Mark D. Stamatoyannopoulos, John A. TI Dynamic reprogramming of chromatin accessibility during Drosophila embryo development SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-BINDING; DNASE-I; HYPERSENSITIVE SITES; GENE-EXPRESSION; MELANOGASTER; GENOME; ELEMENTS; REGIONS; SEGMENTATION; DISCOVERY AB Background: The development of complex organisms is believed to involve progressive restrictions in cellular fate. Understanding the scope and features of chromatin dynamics during embryogenesis, and identifying regulatory elements important for directing developmental processes remain key goals of developmental biology. Results: We used in vivo DNaseI sensitivity to map the locations of regulatory elements, and explore the changing chromatin landscape during the first 11 hours of Drosophila embryonic development. We identified thousands of conserved, developmentally dynamic, distal DNaseI hypersensitive sites associated with spatial and temporal expression patterning of linked genes and with large regions of chromatin plasticity. We observed a nearly uniform balance between developmentally up-and down-regulated DNaseI hypersensitive sites. Analysis of promoter chromatin architecture revealed a novel role for classical core promoter sequence elements in directing temporally regulated chromatin remodeling. Another unexpected feature of the chromatin landscape was the presence of localized accessibility over many protein-coding regions, subsets of which were developmentally regulated or associated with the transcription of genes with prominent maternal RNA contributions in the blastoderm. Conclusions: Our results provide a global view of the rich and dynamic chromatin landscape of early animal development, as well as novel insights into the organization of developmentally regulated chromatin features. C1 [Thomas, Sean; Sabo, Peter J.; Sandstrom, Richard; Thurman, Robert E.; Canfield, Theresa K.; Giste, Erika; Stamatoyannopoulos, John A.] Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Li, Xiao-Yong; Fisher, William; Hammonds, Ann; Celniker, Susan E.; Biggin, Mark D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Genom Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Li, Xiao-Yong; Fisher, William; Hammonds, Ann; Celniker, Susan E.; Biggin, Mark D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stamatoyannopoulos, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Foege S310A,1705 NE Pacific St,Box 355065, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jstam@uw.edu FU BDTNP; US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM704403, R01GM71923, T90 HG 004007-04]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work is part of collaboration between the Berkeley Drosophila Transcription Network Project (BDTNP) and the Stamatoyannopoulos lab at UW. Special thanks to Brendan Henry for technical assistance during analysis and to the members of the BDTNP for thoughtful comments on, and support of, this project. This work was funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) under grants GM704403 (to MDB, SC, and MBE), R01GM71923 (JAS), and T90 HG 004007-04 (ST). Work at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was conducted under Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 64 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2011 VL 12 IS 5 AR R43 DI 10.1186/gb-2011-12-5-r43 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 831LR UT WOS:000295732700007 PM 21569360 ER PT J AU Legatzki, A Ortiz, M Neilson, J Dominguez, S Andersen, GL Toomey, RS Pryor, BM Pierson, LS Maier, RM AF Legatzki, Antje Ortiz, Marian Neilson, JuliaW. Dominguez, Sky Andersen, Gary L. Toomey, Rickard S. Pryor, Barry M. Pierson, Leland S., III Maier, Raina M. TI Bacterial and Archaeal Community Structure of Two Adjacent Calcite Speleothems in Kartchner Caverns, Arizona, USA SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Carbonate cave; speleothem; DGGE; Community structure; PhyloChip ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FERROMANGANESE DEPOSITS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ALTAMIRA CAVE; ENVIRONMENTS; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; GEOMICROBIOLOGY AB Information concerning the bacterial and archaeal communities present on calcite speleothems in carbonate caves is of interest because the activity of these microbes has been implicated as a potential biogenic component in the formation of secondary mineral deposits. In addition, these speleothems may harbor unique, previously unidentified microbes. The current study presents a comparative analysis of the superficial bacterial and archaeal community structure of multiple stalactites from two different cave formations located in close proximity to each other in a nonhuman-impacted area of Kartchner Caverns, Arizona, USA. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis (PCR-DGGE) revealed that microbial communities sampled from stalactites of a single speleothem are more similar to each other than to the communities sampled from stalactites of an adjacent speleothem, suggesting that both bacterial and archaeal communities are speleothem-specific. SR-XRD analysis confirmed that both speleothems sampled were primarily calcite, but subtle differences were detected in the elemental composition profiles obtained from ICP-MS analysis indicating that substrate geochemistry was also speleothem-specific. PhyloChip analysis of composite samples from both speleothems revealed a broad diversity of phyla represented in the bacterial communities, while bacterial and archaeal bands sequenced from the DGGE profiles confirmed the presence of unique phylotypes not closely related ( 96% similarity) to any sequences deposited in the GenBank database. C1 [Legatzki, Antje; Ortiz, Marian; Neilson, JuliaW.; Dominguez, Sky; Maier, Raina M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Andersen, Gary L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Toomey, Rickard S.] Mammoth Cave Int Ctr Sci & Learning, Bowling Green, KY USA. [Pryor, Barry M.; Pierson, Leland S., III] Univ Arizona, Sch Plant Sci, Div Plant Pathol & Microbiol, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Maier, RM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Shantz Bldg,Room 429,1177 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM rmaier@ag.arizona.edu RI Andersen, Gary/G-2792-2015 OI Andersen, Gary/0000-0002-1618-9827 FU National Science Foundation [MCB0604300]; Arizona State Parks Board FX This research was supported by Microbial Observatories Grant MCB0604300 from the National Science Foundation with additional funding from the Arizona State Parks Board. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 2 BP 99 EP 117 AR PII 933982283 DI 10.1080/01490451003738465 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 726GY UT WOS:000287709300001 ER PT J AU Davidson, MM Silver, BJ Onstott, TC Moser, DP Gihring, TM Pratt, LM Boice, EA Lollar, BS Lippmann-Pipke, J Pfiffner, SM Kieft, TL Seymore, W Ralston, C AF Davidson, Mark M. Silver, Bianca J. Onstott, T. C. Moser, Duane P. Gihring, Thomas M. Pratt, Lisa M. Boice, Erik A. Lollar, Barbara Sherwood Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna Pfiffner, Susan M. Kieft, T. L. Seymore, Walter Ralston, Colin TI Capture of Planktonic Microbial Diversity in Fractures by Long-Term Monitoring of Flowing Boreholes, Evander Basin, South Africa SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 16S rRNAphylogeny; dsrAB; sulfate reduction; methanogenesis; isotope geochemistry ID SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SULFUR ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION; DEEP GOLD MINE; WITWATERSRAND BASIN; SP NOV.; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; IN-SITU; SUBSURFACE BACTERIA; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS AB The diversity of planktonic microorganisms in fluids from a group of flowing subterranean boreholes was monitored from the day they were drilled to as long as three and a half months after drilling as they drained into Evander Au mine. Geochemical analyses of the water, characterization of microbial communities by phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) and DNA sequence analyses, and calculations of free energy flux indicated that mine-introduced microbial contaminants, dominated by and Proteobacteria, Cenarchaeaceae and Candidatus Nitrososphaera, were flushed from the boreholes and replaced by fracture water derived microbial communities dominated by Firmicutes, Methanosarcinalesand Thermoproteaceaea. The fracture water was a mixture of paleometeoric water and 2.0 Ga old, diagenetically altered, hydrothermal fluid. The C and H isotopic data for C1-4 indicated that the CH4 was primarily abiogenic in origin although 35-50% of it might have originated from microbial methanogenesis. Noble gas analyses yielded estimated residence times of some 10 million years for the fracture water, which is estimated to represent a capture cross-section of 0.25-0.50 km2. The 16S rRNA and dsrAB gene sequences indicated that the indigenous bacterial communities were predominantly comprised of sulfate reducers belonging to the genera Desulfotomaculum, Candiditus Desulforudis and Desulfofustis. The sulfur isotopic analyses of sulfate and sulfide yielded fractionation 34S values ranging from 16 to 22% consistent with microbial sulfate reduction. Thermodynamic analyses indicate that methanogenic reactions are inhibited by the high partial pressure of abiogenic CH4 and that sulfate-reducing reactions are more favorable, which is consistent with the abundance of 16S rRNA genes belonging to known sulfate reducing bacteria. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Geomicrobiology Journal to view the free supplemental files. C1 [Davidson, Mark M.; Silver, Bianca J.; Onstott, T. C.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Davidson, Mark M.] Geosyntec, Pasadena, CA USA. [Moser, Duane P.; Gihring, Thomas M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Moser, Duane P.] Desert Res Inst, Div Earth & Ecosyst Sci, Las Vegas, NV USA. [Gihring, Thomas M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microbial Ecol & Physiol Grp, Biosci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Pratt, Lisa M.; Boice, Erik A.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Boice, Erik A.] ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Houston, TX USA. [Lollar, Barbara Sherwood] Univ Toronto, Dept Geol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna] Forschungszentrum Dresden Rossendorf, Inst Radiochem, Leipzig, Germany. [Pfiffner, Susan M.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Biomarker Anal, Knoxville, TN USA. [Kieft, T. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Biol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Onstott, TC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tullis@princeton.edu RI Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/D-7987-2011 OI Lippmann-Pipke, Johanna/0000-0002-9765-3803 FU National Science Foundation [EAR-9978267, EAR 0409605]; NASA Astrobiology Institute; NSERC; Canada Council Killam Research FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation LExEn program grant EAR-9978267 to T.C. Onstott, the NASA Astrobiology Institute grant to L.M. Pratt of Indiana University, by NSERC Discovery and Canada Council Killam Research funding to B. S. Lollar, and by the National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics program grant EAR 0409605 to Zeev Reches, University of Oklahoma. Special thanks to Harmony Gold Mine for permission to collect samples and publish these results. NR 80 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 4 BP 275 EP 300 AR PII 938115604 DI 10.1080/01490451.2010.499928 PG 26 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 773IY UT WOS:000291301400001 ER PT J AU Stewart, BD Amos, RT Nico, PS Fendorf, S AF Stewart, Brandy D. Amos, Richard T. Nico, Peter S. Fendorf, Scott TI Influence of Uranyl Speciation and Iron Oxides on Uranium Biogeochemical Redox Reactions SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE uranium; redox; biogeochemistry; uraninite; microbial ID HIGHLY CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; REDUCING BACTERIA; FERRIC (HYDR)OXIDES; COMPLEX-FORMATION; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; REDUCTION; U(VI); REOXIDATION; ADSORPTION; CARBONATE AB Uranium is a pollutant of concern to both human and ecosystem health. Uranium's redox state often dictates its partitioning between the aqueous-and solid-phases, and thus controls its dissolved concentration and, coupled with groundwater flow, its migration within the environment. In anaerobic environments, the more oxidized and mobile form of uranium (UO(2)(2+) and associated species) may be reduced, directly or indirectly, by microorganisms to U(IV) with subsequent precipitation of UO(2). However, various factors within soils and sediments may limit biological reduction of U(VI), inclusive of alterations in U(VI) speciation and competitive electron acceptors. Here we elucidate the impact of U(VI) speciation on the extent and rate of reduction with specific emphasis on speciation changes induced by dissolved Ca, and we examine the impact of Fe(III) (hydr) oxides (ferrihydrite, goethite and hematite) varying in free energies of formation on U reduction. The amount of uranium removed from solution during 100 h of incubation with S. putrefaciens was 77% with no Ca or ferrihydrite present but only 24% (with ferrihydrite) and 14% (no ferrihydrite) were removed for systems with 0.8 mM Ca. Imparting an important criterion on uranium reduction, goethite and hematite decrease the dissolved concentration of calcium through adsorption and thus tend to diminish the effect of calcium on uranium reduction. Dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) can proceed through different enzyme pathways, even within a single organism, thus providing a potential second means by which Fe(III) bearing minerals may impact U(VI) reduction. We quantify rate coefficients for simultaneous dissimilatory reduction of Fe(III) and U(VI) in systems varying in Ca concentration (0 to 0.8 mM), and using a mathematical construct implemented with the reactive transport code MIN3P, we reveal the predominant influence of uranyl speciation, specifically the formation of uranyl-calcium-carbonato complexes, and ferrihydrite on the rate and extent of uranium reduction in complex geochemical systems. C1 [Stewart, Brandy D.; Fendorf, Scott] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Amos, Richard T.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Nico, Peter S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stewart, BD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM brandy.stewart@erc.montana.edu RI Nico, Peter/F-6997-2010 OI Nico, Peter/0000-0002-4180-9397 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Science, U.S. Department of Energy [ER63609-1021814]; Stanford NSF Environmental Molecular Sciences Institute [NSF-CHE-0431425]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Resources [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We would like to thank Shawn Benner for his constructive input on this manuscript, Jim Neiss for experimental assistance, and Guangchao Li for assisting with experimental measurements. This work was funded by the Environmental Remediation Science Program, Office of Biological and Environmental Science, U.S. Department of Energy (grant number ER63609-1021814), by the Stanford NSF Environmental Molecular Sciences Institute (NSF-CHE-0431425), and in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Resources as part of the Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area under Award Number DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 444 EP 456 DI 10.1080/01490451.2010.507646 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 837IR UT WOS:000296189400007 ER PT J AU Williams, KH Long, PE Davis, JA Wilkins, MJ N'Guessan, AL Steefel, CI Yang, L Newcomer, D Spane, FA Kerkhof, LJ McGuinness, L Dayvault, R Lovley, DR AF Williams, Kenneth H. Long, Philip E. Davis, James A. Wilkins, Michael J. N'Guessan, A. Lucie Steefel, Carl I. Yang, Li Newcomer, Darrell Spane, Frank A. Kerkhof, Lee J. McGuinness, Lora Dayvault, Richard Lovley, Derek R. TI Acetate Availability and its Influence on Sustainable Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Groundwater SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE uranium; bioremediation; Geobacter; iron-reduction; sulfate-reduction ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; FE(III) OXIDE REDUCTION; SUBMICROMOLAR LEVELS; MICROBIAL REDUCTION; AQUEOUS URANIUM(VI); ANAEROBIC OXIDATION; SULFATE REDUCTION; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS AB Field biostimulation experiments at the U. S. Department of Energy's Integrated Field Research Challenge (IFRC) site in Rifle, Colorado, have demonstrated that uranium concentrations in groundwater can be decreased to levels below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) drinking water standard (0.126 mu M). During successive summer experiments - referred to as "Winchester" (2007) and "Big Rusty" (2008) - acetate was added to the aquifer to stimulate the activity of indigenous dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria capable of reductively immobilizing uranium. The two experiments differed in the length of injection (31 vs. 110 days), the maximum concentration of acetate (5 vs. 30 mM), and the extent to which iron reduction ("Winchester") or sulfate reduction ("Big Rusty") was the predominant metabolic process. In both cases, rapid removal of U(VI) from groundwater occurred at calcium concentrations (6 mM) and carbonate alkalinities (8 meq/L) where Ca-UO2-CO3 ternary complexes constitute > 90% of uranyl species in groundwater. Complete consumption of acetate and increased alkalinity (> 30 meq/L) accompanying the onset of sulfate reduction corresponded to temporary increases in U(VI); however, by increasing acetate concentrations in excess of available sulfate (10 mM), low U(VI) concentrations (0.1-0.05 mu M) were achieved for extended periods of time (> 140 days). Uniform delivery of acetate during "Big Rusty" was impeded due to decreases in injection well permeability, likely resulting from biomass accumulation and carbonate and sulfide mineral precipitation. Such decreases were not observed during the short-duration "Winchester" experiment. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that Geobacter sp. and Geobacter-like strains dominated the groundwater community profile during iron reduction, with C-13 stable isotope probing (SIP) results confirming these strains were actively utilizing acetate to replicate their genome during the period of optimal U(VI) removal. Gene transcript levels during "Big Rusty" were quantified for Geobacter-specific citrate synthase (gltA), with ongoing transcription during sulfate reduction indicating that members of the Geobacteraceae were still active and likely contributing to U(VI) removal. The persistence of reducible Fe(III) in sediments recovered from an area of prolonged (110-day) sulfate reduction is consistent with this conclusion. These results indicate that acetate availability and its ability to sustain the activity of iron-and uranyl-respiring Geobacter strains during sulfate reduction exerts a primary control on optimized U(VI) removal from groundwater at the Rifle IFRC site over extended time scales (>50 days). C1 [Williams, Kenneth H.; Steefel, Carl I.; Yang, Li] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Philip E.; Wilkins, Michael J.; N'Guessan, A. Lucie; Newcomer, Darrell; Spane, Frank A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Davis, James A.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Kerkhof, Lee J.; McGuinness, Lora] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. [Dayvault, Richard] SM Stoller Corp, Grand Junction, CO USA. [Lovley, Derek R.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Williams, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM khwilliams@lbl.gov RI YANG, LI/F-9392-2010; Steefel, Carl/B-7758-2010; Wilkins, Michael/A-9358-2013; Long, Philip/F-5728-2013; Williams, Kenneth/O-5181-2014; Davis, James/G-2788-2015 OI Long, Philip/0000-0003-4152-5682; Williams, Kenneth/0000-0002-3568-1155; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Science; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area; U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-FC02ER63446]; United States Department Of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Environmental Remediation Science Program through the Integrated Field Research Challenge Site (IFRC) at Rifle, Colorado, a multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary project whose objective is to gain a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the microbial factors and associated geochemistry controlling uranium mobility so that DOE can confidently remediate uranium plumes, as well as support stewardship of uranium-contaminated sites. Additional funding was provided as part of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Subsurface Science Scientific Focus Area. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory are U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science laboratories that solve complex problems in energy, national security and the environment and advance scientific frontiers in the chemical, biological, materials, environmental and computational sciences. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02ER63446. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the United States Department Of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. We thank Dave Traub, Paula Mouser, Hila Elifantz, Melissa Barlett, Marzia Miletto, Evan Arntzen, Tom Resch, Chris Anderson, and Peter and Ruben Jaffe for their assistance with the field experiments. We thank Sarah Morris for quantifying groundwater uranium concentrations. NR 67 TC 116 Z9 116 U1 7 U2 67 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 EI 1521-0529 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PY 2011 VL 28 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 519 EP 539 DI 10.1080/01490451.2010.520074 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 837IR UT WOS:000296189400013 ER PT J AU Wang, M Ghan, S Easter, R Ovchinnikov, M Liu, X Kassianov, E Qian, Y Gustafson, WI Larson, VE Schanen, DP Khairoutdinov, M Morrison, H AF Wang, M. Ghan, S. Easter, R. Ovchinnikov, M. Liu, X. Kassianov, E. Qian, Y. Gustafson, W. I., Jr. Larson, V. E. Schanen, D. P. Khairoutdinov, M. Morrison, H. TI The multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF: model description and evaluation SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL; RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; SINGLE-COLUMN MODELS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT MODELS; SULFURIC-ACID; NORTH PACIFIC; GLOBAL-MODELS; PART I AB Anthropogenic aerosol effects on climate produce one of the largest uncertainties in estimates of radiative forcing of past and future climate change. Much of this uncertainty arises from the multi-scale nature of the interactions between aerosols, clouds and large-scale dynamics, which are difficult to represent in conventional general circulation models (GCMs). In this study, we develop a multi-scale aerosol-climate model that treats aerosols and clouds across different scales, and evaluate the model performance, with a focus on aerosol treatment. This new model is an extension of a multi-scale modeling framework (MMF) model that embeds a cloud-resolving model (CRM) within each grid column of a GCM. In this extension, the effects of clouds on aerosols are treated by using an explicit-cloud parameterized-pollutant (ECPP) approach that links aerosol and chemical processes on the large-scale grid with statistics of cloud properties and processes resolved by the CRM. A two-moment cloud microphysics scheme replaces the simple bulk microphysics scheme in the CRM, and a modal aerosol treatment is included in the GCM. With these extensions, this multi-scale aerosol-climate model allows the explicit simulation of aerosol and chemical processes in both stratiform and convective clouds on a global scale. Simulated aerosol budgets in this new model are in the ranges of other model studies. Simulated gas and aerosol concentrations are in reasonable agreement with observations (within a factor of 2 in most cases), although the model underestimates black carbon concentrations at the surface by a factor of 2-4. Simulated aerosol size distributions are in reasonable agreement with observations in the marine boundary layer and in the free troposphere, while the model underestimates the accumulation mode number concentrations near the surface, and overestimates the accumulation mode number concentrations in the middle and upper free troposphere by a factor of about 2. The overestimation of accumulation model number concentrations in the middle and upper free troposphere is consistent with large aerosol mass fraction above 5 km in the MMF model compared with other models. Simulated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are within the observational variations. Simulated aerosol optical depths (AOD) are in reasonable agreement with observations (within a factor of 2), and the spatial distribution of AOD is consistent with observations, while the model underestimates AOD over regions with strong fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions. Overall, this multi-scale aerosol-climate model simulates aerosol fields as well as conventional aerosol models. C1 [Wang, M.; Ghan, S.; Easter, R.; Ovchinnikov, M.; Liu, X.; Kassianov, E.; Qian, Y.; Gustafson, W. I., Jr.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Larson, V. E.; Schanen, D. P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Math Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Khairoutdinov, M.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Morrison, H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wang, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM minghuai.wang@pnl.gov RI Gustafson, William/A-7732-2008; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Wang, Minghuai/E-5390-2011; qian, yun/E-1845-2011; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011 OI Gustafson, William/0000-0001-9927-1393; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Wang, Minghuai/0000-0002-9179-228X; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955 FU NASA [NNX07AI56G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4310544]; NOAA [NA08OAR4310543]; U.S. DOE [DE-FG02-08ER64574]; NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP) [ATM-0425247]; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work was supported by the NASA Interdisciplinary Science Program under grant NNX07AI56G. M. K. was supported by Grant NA08OAR4310544 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to Stony Brook University. H. M. was supported by the NOAA grant NA08OAR4310543, U.S. DOE ARM DE-FG02-08ER64574, and the NSF Science and Technology Center for Multiscale Modeling of Atmospheric Processes (CMMAP), managed by Colorado State University under cooperative agreement ATM-0425247. We are grateful to the CMMAP for providing us the CSU MMF model. We thank Manishkumar Shrivastava for his internal review and constructive comments, and Phil Rasch for helpful discussion regarding the treatment of convective transport of tracer species in GCMs. We are also grateful to Joshua Schwarz for providing the HIPPO data used in Fig. 17, and to Stefan Kinne for providing the satellite AOD retrieval composite data used in Fig. 22. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 95 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 1 BP 137 EP 168 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-137-2011 PG 32 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 742AO UT WOS:000288910700009 ER PT J AU Hewitt, HT Copsey, D Culverwell, ID Harris, CM Hill, RSR Keen, AB McLaren, AJ Hunke, EC AF Hewitt, H. T. Copsey, D. Culverwell, I. D. Harris, C. M. Hill, R. S. R. Keen, A. B. McLaren, A. J. Hunke, E. C. TI Design and implementation of the infrastructure of HadGEM3: the next-generation Met Office climate modelling system SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION; SCHEME DESCRIPTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; UPPER OCEAN; PART I; TESTS; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE AB This paper describes the development of a technically robust climate modelling system, HadGEM3, which couples the Met Office Unified Model atmosphere component, the NEMO ocean model and the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE) using the OASIS coupler. Details of the coupling and technical solutions of the physical model (HadGEM3-AO) are documented, in addition to a description of the configurations of the individual submodels. The paper demonstrates that the implementation of the model has resulted in accurate conservation of heat and freshwater across the model components. The model performance in early versions of this climate model is briefly described to demonstrate that the results are scientifically credible. HadGEM3-AO is the basis for a number of modelling efforts outside of the Met Office, both within the UK and internationally. This documentation of the HadGEM3-AO system provides a detailed reference for developers of HadGEM3-based climate configurations. C1 [Hewitt, H. T.; Copsey, D.; Culverwell, I. D.; Harris, C. M.; Hill, R. S. R.; Keen, A. B.; McLaren, A. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Hunke, E. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Fluid Dynam & Solid Mech Grp T3, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hewitt, HT (reprint author), Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. EM helene.hewitt@metoffice.gov.uk OI Hewitt, Helene/0000-0001-7432-6001 FU DECC/Defra [GA01101] FX We thank all colleagues at the Met Office Hadley Centre who have contributed towards the development of the model; Gurvan Madec and other members of the NEMO System Team for their help with setting up the ORCA1 configuration; Andrew Coward for construction of the original ORCA1 ocean bathymetry; William Lipscomb for his help and advice with using CICE; Adrian Lock, Rachel Stratton, Cyril Morcrette and James Manners for their help describing the atmospheric sub-components; Rene Redler and Sophie Valcke for advice in setting up OASIS and Kristian Mogensen for useful discussions on the practicalities of OASIS use; and Jonathan Gregory for his help in extending the tripolar boundary condition in CICE and discussions surrounding CF-compliance of NEMO output. This work was supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme - DECC/Defra (GA01101). NR 61 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 2 BP 223 EP 253 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-223-2011 PG 31 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 781NF UT WOS:000291939100001 ER PT J AU Jones, CD Hughes, JK Bellouin, N Hardiman, SC Jones, GS Knight, J Liddicoat, S O'Connor, FM Andres, RJ Bell, C Boo, KO Bozzo, A Butchart, N Cadule, P Corbin, KD Doutriaux-Boucher, M Friedlingstein, P Gornall, J Gray, L Halloran, PR Hurtt, G Ingram, WJ Lamarque, JF Law, RM Meinshausen, M Osprey, S Palin, EJ Chini, LP Raddatz, T Sanderson, MG Sellar, AA Schurer, A Valdes, P Wood, N Woodward, S Yoshioka, M Zerroukat, M AF Jones, C. D. Hughes, J. K. Bellouin, N. Hardiman, S. C. Jones, G. S. Knight, J. Liddicoat, S. O'Connor, F. M. Andres, R. J. Bell, C. Boo, K. -O. Bozzo, A. Butchart, N. Cadule, P. Corbin, K. D. Doutriaux-Boucher, M. Friedlingstein, P. Gornall, J. Gray, L. Halloran, P. R. Hurtt, G. Ingram, W. J. Lamarque, J. -F. Law, R. M. Meinshausen, M. Osprey, S. Palin, E. J. Chini, L. Parsons Raddatz, T. Sanderson, M. G. Sellar, A. A. Schurer, A. Valdes, P. Wood, N. Woodward, S. Yoshioka, M. Zerroukat, M. TI The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE MODEL; 20TH-CENTURY TEMPERATURE; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; SULFUR EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; FUTURE CLIMATE; SOIL-MOISTURE AB The scientific understanding of the Earth's climate system, including the central question of how the climate system is likely to respond to human-induced perturbations, is comprehensively captured in GCMs and Earth System Models (ESM). Diagnosing the simulated climate response, and comparing responses across different models, is crucially dependent on transparent assumptions of how the GCM/ESM has been driven - especially because the implementation can involve subjective decisions and may differ between modelling groups performing the same experiment. This paper outlines the climate forcings and setup of the Met Office Hadley Centre ESM, HadGEM2-ES for the CMIP5 set of centennial experiments. We document the prescribed greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol precursors, stratospheric and tropospheric ozone assumptions, as well as implementation of land-use change and natural forcings for the HadGEM2-ES historical and future experiments following the Representative Concentration Pathways. In addition, we provide details of how HadGEM2-ES ensemble members were initialised from the control run and how the palaeoclimate and AMIP experiments, as well as the "emission-driven" RCP experiments were performed. C1 [Jones, C. D.; Hughes, J. K.; Bellouin, N.; Hardiman, S. C.; Jones, G. S.; Knight, J.; Liddicoat, S.; O'Connor, F. M.; Butchart, N.; Doutriaux-Boucher, M.; Gornall, J.; Halloran, P. R.; Ingram, W. J.; Palin, E. J.; Sanderson, M. G.; Sellar, A. A.; Wood, N.; Woodward, S.; Zerroukat, M.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bell, C.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Boo, K. -O.] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Bozzo, A.; Schurer, A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, Midlothian, Scotland. [Cadule, P.] Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Corbin, K. D.; Law, R. M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Gray, L.; Osprey, S.] Univ Oxford, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Hurtt, G.; Chini, L. Parsons] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 21403 USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] UCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Meinshausen, M.] Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Raddatz, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Valdes, P.; Yoshioka, M.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. [Hurtt, G.] Univ Maryland, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Jones, CD (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM chris.d.jones@metoffice.gov.uk RI Jones, Gareth/H-8022-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Hurtt, George/A-8450-2012; ANDRES, ROBERT/B-9786-2012; Meinshausen, Malte/A-7037-2011; Halloran, Paul/G-3965-2012; Valdes, Paul/C-4129-2013; Osprey, Scott/P-6621-2016; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014 OI ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Meinshausen, Malte/0000-0003-4048-3521; Halloran, Paul/0000-0002-9227-0678; Osprey, Scott/0000-0002-8751-1211; FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre [GA01101]; European Commission [226520]; US Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Department of Climate Change; Australian Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO; Australian Commonwealth Government; NCAS; EU; NERC [NE/D012287/1] FX This work was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and also by the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, under Grant Agreement number 226520, COMBINE project. R. Andres was sponsored by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. The contribution of K. Corbin and R. Law has been undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, and was undertaken on the NCI National Facility in Canberra, Australia, which is supported by the Australian Commonwealth Government. A. Bozzo and A. Schurer were supported by NCAS. W. J. Ingram received additional support from the EU WATCH project and NERC contract NE/D012287/1. We are especially grateful to Karl Taylor for continued help and advice throughout the process of experiment design and set-up. We are also grateful to Victor Brovkin for help and advice regarding land-use CO2 emissions. NR 92 TC 214 Z9 216 U1 7 U2 98 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 543 EP 570 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-543-2011 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 826UD UT WOS:000295379500001 ER PT J AU Mao, J Phipps, SJ Pitman, AJ Wang, YP Abramowitz, G Pak, B AF Mao, J. Phipps, S. J. Pitman, A. J. Wang, Y. P. Abramowitz, G. Pak, B. TI The CSIRO Mk3L climate system model v1.0 coupled to the CABLE land surface scheme v1.4b: evaluation of the control climatology SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; NONLINEAR INVERSION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; LONG-TERM; CARBON; ATMOSPHERE; CANOPIES; ENERGY; CONDUCTANCE AB The CSIRO Mk3L climate system model, a reduced-resolution coupled general circulation model, has previously been described in this journal. The model is configured for millennium scale or multiple century scale simulations. This paper reports the impact of replacing the relatively simple land surface scheme that is the default parameterisation in Mk3L with a sophisticated land surface model that simulates the terrestrial energy, water and carbon balance in a physically and biologically consistent way. An evaluation of the new model's near-surface climatology highlights strengths and weaknesses, but overall the atmospheric variables, including the near-surface air temperature and precipitation, are simulated well. The impact of the more sophisticated land surface model on existing variables is relatively small, but generally positive. More significantly, the new land surface scheme allows an examination of surface carbon-related quantities including net primary productivity which adds significantly to the capacity of Mk3L. Overall, results demonstrate that this reduced-resolution climate model is a good foundation for exploring long time scale phenomena. The addition of the more sophisticated land surface model enables an exploration of important Earth System questions including land cover change and abrupt changes in terrestrial carbon storage. C1 [Mao, J.; Phipps, S. J.; Pitman, A. J.; Abramowitz, G.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Mao, J.; Wang, Y. P.; Pak, B.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Mao, J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Phipps, S. J.; Pitman, A. J.; Abramowitz, G.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP Phipps, SJ (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM s.phipps@unsw.edu.au RI Phipps, Steven/B-3135-2008; wang, yp/A-9765-2011; Pitman, Andrew/A-7353-2011; Abramowitz, Gab/C-4977-2013; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012 OI Phipps, Steven/0000-0001-5657-8782; Pitman, Andrew/0000-0003-0604-3274; Abramowitz, Gab/0000-0002-4205-001X; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373 FU Australian Commonwealth Government; ARC [LP0774996]; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; UT-BATTELLE for DOE [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This research was undertaken on the NCI National Facility in Canberra, Australia, which is supported by the Australian Commonwealth Government. This work was supported by ARC Linkage grant LP0774996. The first author was supported in part by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-BATTELLE for DOE under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 49 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 4 BP 1115 EP 1131 DI 10.5194/gmd-4-1115-2011 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 866FQ UT WOS:000298366300014 ER PT B AU Yichoy, M Nakayasu, ES De Chatterjee, A Aley, SB Almeida, IC Das, S AF Yichoy, Mayte Nakayasu, Ernesto S. De Chatterjee, Atasi Aley, Stephen B. Almeida, Igor C. Das, Siddhartha BE Lujan, HD Svard, S TI Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Phospholipids and Fatty Acids in Giardia lamblia SO GIARDIA: A MODEL ORGANISM LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL ANCHOR; SPHINGOLIPID SYNTHESIS; PRIMITIVE EUKARYOTE; PARASITIC PROTOZOAN; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; ENCYSTATION; INVITRO; BILE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL; ENDOCYTOSIS AB In addition to plasma membrane, Giardia lamblia contains numerous membrane-enveloped, primitive organelles, which house a variety of metabolic processes. It has been proposed earlier that this intestinal pathogen lacks the ability to synthesize the majority of its own lipids de nova and depends on supplies from outside sources. Therefore, the questions as to how this ancient eukaryote utilizes exogenous lipids and synthesizes membranes and organelles are extremely important. Does this parasite depend predominantly on remodeling pathways, in which exogenous phospholipids undergo fatty acid and headgroup replacement reactions to generate new phospholipids? To answer this, and to better understand the overall pathway, we carried out a complete lipidomic analysis using electro-spray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). The results suggest that Giardia has the ability to generate new phospholipids de nova, most likely via the remodeling pathways. Among the newly synthesized lipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the major phospholipid followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses indicated that Giardia also has the ability to remodel fatty acids by chain elongation and de-saturation reactions. Thus, mass spectrometric analyses provided valuable information about lipid biosynthesis by Giardia and opened the possibility of investigating in greater detail the uptake and utilization of exogenous lipids for the synthesis of membranes and organelles. C1 [Yichoy, Mayte] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Aley, Stephen B.; Almeida, Igor C.; Das, Siddhartha] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, Border Biomed Res Ctr, Infect Dis & Immunol Program, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. [Nakayasu, Ernesto S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yichoy, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Aley, Stephen/0000-0003-1214-4688 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-7091-0197-1 PY 2011 BP 111 EP 125 PG 15 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BWT49 UT WOS:000294828300008 ER PT B AU Briggs, CM AF Briggs, Chad Michael BE Alemanno, A TI Abrupt environmental changes: scenario planning for catastrophic security risks SO GOVERNING DISASTERS: THE CHALLENGES OF EMERGENCY RISK REGULATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Briggs, Chad Michael] US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85793-572-4 PY 2011 BP 166 EP 181 PG 16 WC Law; Management SC Government & Law; Business & Economics GA BYL03 UT WOS:000299200200013 ER PT S AU Mendelev, MI Rodin, AO Bokstein, BS AF Mendelev, M. I. Rodin, A. O. Bokstein, B. S. BE Bokstein, BS Rodin, AO Straumal, BB TI Computer Simulation of Fe Diffusion in Liquid Al and along Al Grain Boundaries SO GRAIN BOUNDARY DIFFUSION, STRESSES AND SEGREGATION, DSS 2010 MOSCOW SE Defect and Diffusion Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Grain Boundary Diffusion, Stresses and Segregation CY JUN 01-04, 2010 CL Moscow, RUSSIA DE Fe diffusion; grain boundary diffusion; liquid Al ID SELF-DIFFUSION; ANOMALOUS DIFFUSION; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; MIGRATION; ALUMINUM; DYNAMICS AB We performed molecular dynamics simulation of diffusion along symmetric < 100 > Sigma 5 and < 111 > Sigma 7 and one non-symmetric < 100 > Sigma 5 tilt grain boundaries in Al in the presence of Fe impurities. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. The addition of Fe considerably decreases both Al and Fe diffusivities and increases the activation energy for diffusion. The simulation data indicate that the mechanism of diffusion is different in different grain boundaries. The diffusion along < 100 > Sigma 5 grain boundaries reminds that in liquid alloys. C1 [Mendelev, M. I.] Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. [Rodin, A. O.; Bokstein, B. S.] State Technol Univ, Moscow Inst Steel & Alloys, Moscow, Russia. RP Mendelev, MI (reprint author), Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50014 USA. EM mendelev@ameslab.gov; rodin@misis.ru; bokst@misis.ru RI Rodine, Alexey/H-1381-2011 OI Rodine, Alexey/0000-0003-1209-7594 FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-07CH11358]; Russian Federal Ministry of Science and Education [02.513.11.3402]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-03-00498] FX Work at the Ames Laboratory was supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358. Work at MISIS was supported by the Russian Federal Ministry of Science and Education under the contract No. 02.513.11.3402 and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 08-03-00498. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1012-0386 J9 DEFECT DIFFUS FORUM PY 2011 VL 309-310 BP 223 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/DDF.309-310.223 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVK46 UT WOS:000291709300026 ER PT J AU Buluc, A Gilbert, J Shah, VB AF Buluc, Aydin Gilbert, John Shah, Viral B. BE Kepner, J Gilbert, J TI Implementing Sparse Matrices for Graph Algorithms SO GRAPH ALGORITHMS IN THE LANGUAGE OF LINEAR ALGEBRA SE Software Environments and Tools LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUADTREE; MATLAB AB Sparse matrices are a key data structure for implementing graph algorithms using linear algebra. This chapter reviews and evaluates storage formats for sparse matrices and their impact on primitive operations. We present complexity results of these operations on different sparse storage formats both in the random access memory (RAM) model and in the input/output (I/O) model. RAM complexity results were known except for the analysis of sparse matrix indexing. On the other hand, most of the I/O complexity results presented are new. The chapter focuses on different variations of the triples (coordinates) format and the widely used compressed sparse row (CSR) and compressed sparse column (CSC) formats. For most primitives, we provide detailed pseudocodes for implementing them on triples and CSR/CSC. C1 [Buluc, Aydin] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilbert, John; Shah, Viral B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Comp Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Buluc, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM abuluc@lbl.gov; gilbert@cs.ucsb.edu; viral@mayin.org NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 978-0-898719-90-1 J9 SOFTW ENVIRON TOOLS PY 2011 VL 22 BP 287 EP 313 D2 10.1137/1.9780898719918 PG 27 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BWH92 UT WOS:000293907200014 ER PT J AU Patete, JM Peng, XH Koenigsmann, C Xu, Y Karn, B Wong, SS AF Patete, Jonathan M. Peng, Xiaohui Koenigsmann, Christopher Xu, Yan Karn, Barbara Wong, Stanislaus S. TI Viable methodologies for the synthesis of high-quality nanostructures SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; SUPERCRITICAL-CARBON-DIOXIDE; IRON-OXIDE NANOPARTICLES; ONE-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES; BARIUM FLUORIDE NANOPARTICLES; FACILE SONOCHEMICAL ROUTE; FUNGUS FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; CITRATE COMPLEX PRECURSOR; IMIDAZOLIUM IONIC LIQUIDS; CHEMICAL FLUID DEPOSITION AB The development of environmentally benign methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials has become increasingly relevant as chemists look to shape a more sustainable future. In this critical review, we present current work towards developing alternative methods for synthesizing a wide range of high-quality nanomaterials with predictable and controllable size, shape, composition, morphology and crystallinity. In particular, we focus on the inherent advantages of utilizing porous membrane templates, ultrasonic and microwave irradiation, alternative solvent systems, as well as biologically-inspired reagents as reasonably cost-effective, environmentally responsible methods to generate metal, metal oxide, fluoride, sulfide, selenide and phosphate nanomaterials. C1 [Patete, Jonathan M.; Peng, Xiaohui; Koenigsmann, Christopher; Xu, Yan; Wong, Stanislaus S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Karn, Barbara] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, NCER, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Wong, Stanislaus S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Patete, JM (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX We acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-98CH10886) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for PI and student support. NR 436 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 6 U2 138 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 482 EP 519 DI 10.1039/c0gc00516a PG 38 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 731RF UT WOS:000288126300002 ER PT J AU Dibble, DC Li, CL Sun, L George, A Cheng, ARL Cetinkol, OP Benke, P Holmes, BM Singh, S Simmons, BA AF Dibble, Dean C. Li, Chenlin Sun, Lan George, Anthe Cheng, Aurelia Cetinkol, Oezguel Persil Benke, Peter Holmes, Bradley M. Singh, Seema Simmons, Blake A. TI A facile method for the recovery of ionic liquid and lignin from biomass pretreatment SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; WATER; DISSOLUTION; CELLULOSE; ETHANOL; ACID; WOOD; IMIDAZOLIUM; HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE AB In the biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels, the process of pretreatment is currently one of the most difficult and expensive operations. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) in biomass pretreatment has received considerable attention recently because of their effectiveness at decreasing biomass recalcitrance to subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, ILs have the potential for decreasing the need for corrosive or toxic chemicals and associated waste streams that can be generated by other pretreatment methods that utilize acids and/or bases. In this article, we address two significant challenges to the realization of a practical IL pretreatment process. First, we describe a mixture containing specific proportions of a ketone and an alcohol that precipitates cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass from solutions of the IL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate without the formation of intermediate gel phases. Second, an IL recovery process is described that removes lignin and most residual IL solutes and that minimizes energy and solvent use. These two techniques are demonstrated by the pretreatment of 100 g of corn stover with the recovery of 89% of the initial IL and separate corn stover fractions rich in glucans, xylans, lignin, and non-polar substances. These results highlight one potential approach towards the realization of a scalable ionic liquid pretreatment process technology that enables ionic liquid recovery and reuse. C1 [Dibble, Dean C.; Li, Chenlin; Sun, Lan; George, Anthe; Cheng, Aurelia; Cetinkol, Oezguel Persil; Benke, Peter; Holmes, Bradley M.; Singh, Seema; Simmons, Blake A.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Dibble, Dean C.; Holmes, Bradley M.; Singh, Seema; Simmons, Blake A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dibble, DC (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM dcdibbl@sandia.gov RI Sun, Lan/C-7321-2012; OI PERSIL CETINKOL, OZGUL/0000-0002-6632-6981; Li, Chenlin/0000-0002-0793-0505; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Profs. Bruce Dale and Venkatesh Balan from the Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science at Michigan State University for generously providing chemically characterized corn stover. Dr Jeff Pelton and Dr Dave Wemmer at the University of California, Berkeley provided assistance with NMR spectroscopic measurements. We thank Dr Benjamin Wu for his assistance in reviewing this manuscript and Dr Hanbin Liu for helpful discussions on the binding energy of [C2mim][OAc] and water. This work was made possible by Sandia National Laboratories and the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U. S. Department of Energy. NR 67 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 12 U2 83 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 11 BP 3255 EP 3264 DI 10.1039/c1gc15111h PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 840OM UT WOS:000296450100032 ER PT J AU Nulwala, HB Tang, CN Kail, BW Damodaran, K Kaur, P Wickramanayake, S Shi, W Luebke, DR AF Nulwala, Hunaid B. Tang, Chau N. Kail, Brian W. Damodaran, Krishnan Kaur, Palwinder Wickramanayake, Shan Shi, Wei Luebke, David R. TI Probing the structure-property relationship of regioisomeric ionic liquids with click chemistry SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; TERMINAL ALKYNES; GAS SEPARATIONS; MEMBRANES; TEMPERATURES; AZIDES; PHASE AB Understanding the structure-property relationship of ionic liquids is a key to the development of optimized materials for specific applications, such as CO(2) capture, battery electrolytes, or lubricants. Using Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry as a synthetic platform, a library of triazolium-based ionic liquids has been accessed for the first time. These regioisomers of ionic liquids give insight into the structure property of these important materials. The effect of substituents and the effect of regioisomerization on thermal stability, CO(2) solubility and inductive effects have been correlated. C1 [Nulwala, Hunaid B.; Tang, Chau N.; Damodaran, Krishnan; Kaur, Palwinder; Luebke, David R.] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Tang, Chau N.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Kail, Brian W.; Wickramanayake, Shan; Shi, Wei] URS, South Pk, PA 15219 USA. [Nulwala, Hunaid B.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Nulwala, HB (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM hunaid.nulwala@cm.netl.doe.gov; chau.tang@or.netl.doe.gov; david.luebke@netl.doe.gov RI Nulwala, Hunaid/G-8126-2012 OI Nulwala, Hunaid/0000-0001-7481-3723 FU NETL [DE-FE0004000] FX The authors thank Christina Myers of NETL for conducting density measurements. Part of this technical effort was performed in support of NETL's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the contract DE-FE0004000. Reference in this work to any specific commercial product is to facilitate understanding and does not necessarily imply endorsement by the United States Department of Energy. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 12 BP 3345 EP 3349 DI 10.1039/c1gc16067b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 853KL UT WOS:000297424900005 ER PT J AU George, A Tran, K Morgan, TJ Benke, PI Berrueco, C Lorente, E Wu, BC Keasling, JD Simmons, BA Holmes, BM AF George, Anthe Tran, Kim Morgan, Trevor J. Benke, Peter I. Berrueco, Cesar Lorente, Esther Wu, Ben C. Keasling, Jay D. Simmons, Blake A. Holmes, Bradley M. TI The effect of ionic liquid cation and anion combinations on the macromolecular structure of lignins SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WOOD; DISSOLUTION; SOLVENT AB Imidazolium based ionic liquids (ILs) composed of anions such as chloride, acetate and alkyl phosphate have come to be considered as effective non-derivatizing solvents for cellulose, lignin and lignocellulosic biomass. After dissolution and thermal treatment of three technical lignins (organosolv, alkali and alkali low sulphonate) with an array of ILs, it was shown that these solvents behave as either reactants or catalysts, significantly reducing the molecular mass of these macromolecules and altering their structure. The degree of lignin structural modification is shown to be primarily influenced by the anion. Lignin fragmentation mechanisms were defined and a fragmentation hierarchy of the lignin macromolecule as a function of the IL anion was established. It was determined that sulfates > lactate > acetate > chlorides > phosphates in terms of the relative impact on reducing lignin molecular weight, with evidence of different anions causing cleavage of different linkages within the lignin. Of the ILs studied, sulfate based ionic liquids most comprehensively broke down the largest lignin molecules, resulting in fragments >1000-3000 u (by polysaccharide calibration). The lactate anion, while appearing less capable of breaking down the largest lignin molecules, causes the formation of significant quantities of the smallest sized fragments observed (2000-500 u). The new lower molecular mass species formed from the organosolv lignin are shown to have a more highly conjugated structure than their parent molecules, while a reduction in conjugation was observed in the alkali lignins. Using size exclusion chromatography coupled with UV detection, at least 40% of the original large-lignin molecules, from each of the lignins studied, were observed to remained intact. We hypothesize that fragmentation is effected either via catalytic means or through nucleophilic attack of inter-lignin beta-O-bonds. C1 [Benke, Peter I.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [George, Anthe; Tran, Kim; Wu, Ben C.; Simmons, Blake A.; Holmes, Bradley M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Biomass Sci & Convers Technol Dept, Livermore, CA USA. [Morgan, Trevor J.; Berrueco, Cesar; Lorente, Esther] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Morgan, Trevor J.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Energy, Petten, Netherlands. EM bmholmes@lbl.gov RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Berrueco, Cesar/N-6931-2013; OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; Berrueco, Cesar/0000-0002-6253-3465; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was part of the Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U.S. Department of Energy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corp., a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 12 BP 3375 EP 3385 DI 10.1039/c1gc15543a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 853KL UT WOS:000297424900009 ER PT J AU Jantzen, CM AF Jantzen, C. M. BE Ojovan, MI TI Historical development of glass and ceramic waste forms for high level radioactive wastes SO HANDBOOK OF ADVANCED RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE borosilicate; aluminosilicate; phosphate; ceramic; glass matrices; vitrification ID IRON PHOSPHATE-GLASSES; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; NUCLEAR-WASTE; FISSION-PRODUCTS; IMMOBILIZATION; DISSOLUTION; DISPOSAL; PHASE; FILMS AB The initial development of borosilicate, aluminosilicate, phosphate and ceramic glass formulations for the solidification of HLW took place in the US, Canada, Europe and the USSR over the course of the 1950s and 1960s. Borosilicate glass formulations were first investigated in the US between 1956 and 1957 by Goldman and colleagues at the Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT). However, the main bulk of research into the vitrification process was conducted in the UK and Europe in the 1960s. Between 1952 and 1962, Canadian scientists began developing aluminosilicate glass formulations at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (CRNL), and in 1967, Tuthill and others launched research into phosphate waste glasses at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). This chapter describes the research and development process, the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and their various applications. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM carol.jantzen@srnl.doe.gov NR 66 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-626-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 12 BP 159 EP 172 D2 10.1533/9780857090959 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR13 UT WOS:000292502500006 ER PT J AU Jantzen, CM AF Jantzen, C. M. BE Ojovan, MI TI Development of glass matrices for high level radioactive wastes SO HANDBOOK OF ADVANCED RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONDITIONING TECHNOLOGIES SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE high level waste; HLW; glass; vitrification ID IRON PHOSPHATE-GLASSES; SPINEL-NEPHELINE LIQUIDUS; X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; NUCLEAR-WASTE; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; CHEMICAL DURABILITY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; VITREOUS SILICA; IMMOBILIZATION; CERAMICS AB Vitrification is currently the most widely used technology for the treatment of high level radioactive wastes (HLW) throughout the world. Most of the nations that have generated HLW are immobilizing in either borosilicate glass or phosphate glass. One of the primary reasons that glass has become the most widely used immobilization medium is the relative simplicity of the vitrification process, e. g. melt waste plus glass-forming frit additives and cast. A second reason that glass has become widely used for HLW is that the short-range order (SRO) and medium-range order (MRO) found in glass atomistically bonds the radionuclides and governs the melt properties such as viscosity, resistivity, and sulfate solubility. The molecular structure of glass controls contaminant/radionuclide release by establishing the distribution of ion exchange sites and hydrolysis sites, and the access of water to those sites. The molecular structure is flexible and hence accounts for the flexibility of glass formulations to waste variability. Nuclear waste glasses melt between 1050 and 1150 degrees C which minimizes the volatility of radioactive components such as Tc-99, Cs-137, and I-129. Nuclear waste glasses have good long-term stability including irradiation resistance. Process control models based on the molecular structure of glass have been mechanistically derived and have been demonstrated to be accurate enough to control the world's largest HLW Joule-heated ceramic melter in the US since 1996 at 95% confidence. C1 Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM carol.jantzen@srnl.doe.gov NR 153 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84569-626-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER EN PY 2011 IS 12 BP 230 EP 292 D2 10.1533/9780857090959 PG 63 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BVR13 UT WOS:000292502500009 ER PT J AU Daniel, C AF Daniel, Claus BE Daniel, C Besenhard, JO TI Preface to the Second Edition of the Handbook of Battery Materials SO HANDBOOK OF BATTERY MATERIALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Daniel, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS6083,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-32695-2 PY 2011 BP XXVII EP XXVIII D2 10.1002/9783527637188 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BB2KT UT WOS:000341843300002 ER PT J AU Liu, ZC Fu, WJ Liang, CD AF Liu, Zengcai Fu, Wujun Liang, Chengdu BE Daniel, C Besenhard, JO TI Lithium-Sulfur Batteries SO HANDBOOK OF BATTERY MATERIALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COMPOSITE CATHODE MATERIALS; ALL-SOLID-STATE; GLYCOL) DIMETHYL ETHER; HIGH-ENERGY DENSITY; NANOCOMPOSITE POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; GLASS-CERAMIC ELECTROLYTES; IONIC LIQUID ELECTROLYTE; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; CARBON NANOTUBES C1 [Liu, Zengcai; Fu, Wujun; Liang, Chengdu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, ZC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 146 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-32695-2 PY 2011 BP 811 EP 840 D2 10.1002/9783527637188 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BB2KT UT WOS:000341843300026 ER PT J AU Mukherjee, PP Pannala, S Turner, JA AF Mukherjee, Partha P. Pannala, Sreekanth Turner, John A. BE Daniel, C Besenhard, JO TI Modeling and Simulation of Battery Systems SO HANDBOOK OF BATTERY MATERIALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; AIR SECONDARY BATTERIES; INTERCALATION-INDUCED STRESS; DIRECT NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DIFFUSION-INDUCED STRESS; GENERAL ENERGY-BALANCE; PHASE-CHANGE MATERIAL; ELECTRODE PARTICLES; CAPACITY FADE; FUEL-CELLS C1 [Mukherjee, Partha P.; Pannala, Sreekanth; Turner, John A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 104 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-32695-2 PY 2011 BP 843 EP 875 D2 10.1002/9783527637188 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BB2KT UT WOS:000341843300027 ER PT J AU Li, JL Daniel, C Wood, DL AF Li, Jianlin Daniel, Claus Wood, David L., III BE Daniel, C Besenhard, JO TI Cathode Manufacturing for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO HANDBOOK OF BATTERY MATERIALS, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THIN-FILM ELECTRODES; ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY DEPOSITION; SOL-GEL METHOD; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MINIMUM WET THICKNESS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; LICOO2 FILMS; PARTICLE-SIZE; NONFLAMMABLE ELECTROLYTES C1 [Li, Jianlin; Wood, David L., III] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Daniel, Claus] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Daniel, Claus/A-2060-2008; OI Daniel, Claus/0000-0002-0571-6054; Wood, David/0000-0002-2471-4214; Li, Jianlin/0000-0002-8710-9847 NR 138 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-32695-2 PY 2011 BP 939 EP 960 D2 10.1002/9783527637188 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BB2KT UT WOS:000341843300030 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Volkow, ND Telang, F Thanos, PK Fowler, JS AF Wang, Gene-Jack Volkow, Nora D. Telang, Frank Thanos, Panayotis K. Fowler, Joanna S. BE Preedy, VR Watson, RR Martin, CR TI Gender Differences in Brain Activation by Food Stimulation SO HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIOR, FOOD AND NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DOPAMINE RELEASE; DORSAL STRIATUM; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; DRUG REWARD; IN-VIVO; WOMEN; OBESITY; DIETARY; RESTRICTION; MODULATION C1 [Wang, Gene-Jack; Fowler, Joanna S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Volkow, Nora D.] NIDA, Off Director, Rockville, MD USA. [Telang, Frank] NIAAA, Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY USA. [Thanos, Panayotis K.] NIAAA, Behav Neuropharmacol & Neuroimaging Lab, Upton, NY USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gjwang@bnl.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-92270-6 PY 2011 BP 505 EP 514 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3_33 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-92271-3 PG 10 WC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Behavioral Sciences; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BDE45 UT WOS:000312946600035 ER PT B AU Gander, P Graeber, C Belenky, G AF Gander, Philippa Graeber, Curt Belenky, Gregory BE Boy, GA TI Operator Fatigue: Implications for Human-Machine Interaction SO HANDBOOK OF HUMAN-MACHINE INTERACTION: A HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REGIONAL BRAIN ACTIVITY; SLEEP-DEPRIVATION; WORK HOURS; FLIGHT CREW; RISK; INTERNS; PATTERNS; RESTRICTION; ALERTNESS; RECOVERY AB Operator fatigue is a catch-all term for impairment that commonly occurs if people continue working when they have not fully recovered from the demands of prior work and other waking activities. Fatigue-related impairment can accumulate across a work period where breaks are insufficient to allow short-term recovery from task demands. Fatigue-related impairment also occurs if operators do not obtain sufficient recovery sleep between work periods. The effects of inadequate sleep are cumulative, with performance becoming increasingly impaired to the point where an operator can slip uncontrollably in and out of attentional lapses and microsleeps, during which he or she is unresponsive to task demands or other environmental stimuli. Functional degradation due to fatigue is more likely during times in the circadian body clock cycle when physiological sleep drive is high and performance capacity is sub-optimal. (The circadian body clock is a light-sensitive neural pacemaker that modulates physiological and behavioral functioning in step with the day/night cycle, to facilitate sleep at night.) Operator fatigue results in systematic changes in physical and mental performance, and in complex behaviors such as situation awareness, decision-making, and communication. It is increasingly being identified as a causal factor in accidents and incidents, as a result of improved scientific understanding and more systematic investigation methods. Thus, the dynamics of fatigue accumulation and recovery need to be integrated into human-centered design. Fatigue risk has traditionally been addressed at the regulatory level through prescriptive limits on hours of work and rest. Increasingly, Fatigue Risk Management Systems (as an integrated part of safety management systems) are being promulgated as a regulatory alternative. The "defenses-in-depth" paradigm is being applied to identify strategies to reduce the likelihood of fatigue-related errors, to trap such errors when they occur, and to mitigate their consequences at multiple levels in an organization. At a minimum, fatigue risk reduction strategies should be incorporated into the design of human-machine systems where operator fatigue can be expected to have an impact on safety. Systems that are designed to be resilient to the effects of operator fatigue are also more likely to provide efficient and reliable overall human-machine interaction. C1 [Gander, Philippa] Massey Univ, Sleep Wake Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. [Gander, Philippa] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Gander, Philippa] NASA, Fatigue Countermeasures Program, Ames, IA USA. [Gander, Philippa] Royal Soc New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. [Graeber, Curt] Graeber Grp Ltd, Kirkland, WA USA. [Graeber, Curt] Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Seattle, WA USA. [Graeber, Curt] Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Human Factors, Seattle, WA USA. [Graeber, Curt] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Flight Crew Fatigue Program, Ames, IA USA. [Graeber, Curt] Presidential Commiss Space Shuttle Challenger Acc, Washington, DC USA. [Belenky, Gregory] Washington State Univ, Sleep & Performance Res Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASHGATE PUBLISHING LTD PI ALDERSHOT PA GOWER HOUSE, CROFT ROAD, ALDERSHOT GU11 3HR, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4094-1171-0; 978-0-7546-7580-8 PY 2011 BP 365 EP 382 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Computer Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4WA UT WOS:000352980300018 ER PT J AU Higdon, D Reese, CS Moulton, JD Vrugt, JA Fox, C AF Higdon, David Reese, C. Shane Moulton, J. David Vrugt, Jasper A. Fox, Colin BE Brooks, S Gelman, A Jones, GL Meng, XL TI Posterior Exploration for Computationally Intensive Forward Models SO HANDBOOK OF MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO SE Chapman & Hall-CRC Handbooks of Modern Statistical Methods LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; TOMOGRAPHY; INVERSION; ALGORITHM; COARSE C1 [Higdon, David; Moulton, J. David] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Fox, Colin] Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Reese, C. Shane] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Stat, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Vrugt, Jasper A.] Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Irvine, CA USA. RP Higdon, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Vrugt, Jasper/C-3660-2008 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-7942-5 J9 CH CRC HANDB MOD STA PY 2011 BP 401 EP 418 D2 10.1201/b10905 PG 18 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA BWR11 UT WOS:000294600700017 ER PT S AU Medforth, CJ Shelnutt, JA AF Medforth, Craig J. Shelnutt, John A. BE Kadish, KM Smith, KM Guilard, R TI Self-Assembled Porphyrin Nanostructures SO HANDBOOK OF PORPHYRIN SCIENCE WITH APPLICATIONS TO CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, MATERIALS SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 11: CATALYSIS AND BIO-INSPIRED SYSTEMS, PT II SE Handbook of Porphyrin Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; METAL PHTHALOCYANINES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER; NANOTUBES; HYDROGEN; METALLIZATION; NANORODS; TETRAPYRIDYLPORPHYRIN; PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY C1 [Medforth, Craig J.; Shelnutt, John A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Medforth, Craig J.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. [Shelnutt, John A.] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Medforth, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jasheln@unm.edu NR 72 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 1793-9518 BN 978-981-4322-33-1 J9 HANDB PORPHYR SCI PY 2011 VL 11 BP 181 EP 222 D2 10.1142/9789814322386 PG 42 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BEL46 UT WOS:000317212200004 ER PT B AU Hlavacek, WS AF Hlavacek, William S. BE Stumpf, MPH Balding, DJ Girolami, M TI Two Challenges of Systems Biology SO HANDBOOK OF STATISTICAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RULE-BASED MODELS; SPECTROMETRY-BASED PROTEOMICS; CELL-CYCLE CONTROL; STOCHASTIC SIMULATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY; REACTION NETWORKS; DESIGN PRINCIPLES; PATHWAYS; RECEPTOR C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hlavacek, WS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 105 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-119-97061-3; 978-0-470-71086-9 PY 2011 BP 3 EP 14 D2 10.1002/9781119970606 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BA6BV UT WOS:000337091900002 ER PT S AU Becker, EM Seifert, CE Myjak, MJ Erikson, LE Morris, SJ Balvage, DT Lundy, RP AF Becker, Eric M. Seifert, Carolyn E. Myjak, Mitchell J. Erikson, Luke E. Morris, Scott J. Balvage, Duane T. Lundy, Richard P. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Performance characteristics of pixelated CZT crystals used on the GammaTracker project SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE cadmium zinc telluride; CdZnTe; radioisotope identifier; GammaTracker; homeland security ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETERS AB GammaTracker is a handheld radioisotope identification device in development at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory that uses eighteen pixelated Cadmium-Zinc Telluride (CZT) crystals to provide energy resolution approaching that of high-purity germanium without the need for cryogenic cooling. Additionally, these crystals can be used to provide directional and imaging capabilities that cannot be found in other handheld detectors. A significant number of CZT crystals have been procured during the development of the GammaTracker system; the majority of these were procured with the same set of specifications. Each of these detectors has been characterized in terms of key parameters, including current-voltage response and pixel-by-pixel energy resolution. The results of this testing indicate that the overall quality of CZT crystals is improving over time. C1 [Becker, Eric M.; Seifert, Carolyn E.; Myjak, Mitchell J.; Erikson, Luke E.; Morris, Scott J.; Balvage, Duane T.; Lundy, Richard P.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Becker, EM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM carolyn.seifert@pnnl.gov OI Myjak, Mitchell/0000-0002-3807-3542 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81420F DI 10.1117/12.894114 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500010 ER PT S AU Bizarri, G Moses, WW Payne, SA Williams, RT AF Bizarri, G. Moses, W. W. Payne, S. A. Williams, R. T. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Towards an understanding of nonlinearity in scintillator detector materials. SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nonproportionality; energy resolution; scintillators; models ID MEASURED ELECTRON RESPONSE; ENERGY RESOLUTION; NON-PROPORTIONALITY; LIGHT YIELD; LINE-WIDTHS; GAMMA-RAYS; NAI(TL); CRYSTALS; NONPROPORTIONALITY; COUNTERS AB It has been known for more than 50 years that the light emitted by a scintillator under high-energy excitation (gamma, alpha, proton) is not always proportional to the amount of absorbed energy. The deviation from the linearity of luminosity versus absorbed energy is known as nonproportionality. In addition to its academic interest, this phenomenon has been considered central for scintillator development due to its implication in the limitation of achievable detector performance. Although non-proportional response was studied intensively during the second part of the 20th century, the understanding of its origin and implications on scintillator performance are mainly qualitative. Research in the 1960s uncovered a correlation between proportional response and ionization density, while in the 1980s nonproportionality was proposed as the main reason of energy resolution deviation from the counting statistics limit. It is only recently that the bridge between qualitative and quantitative understanding has been crossed, mainly driven by the large effort undertaken to discover new high-resolution scintillators. Developing such detector materials prompted efforts to gain a deeper understanding of the microscopic processes involved in scintillation mechanisms and so in nonproportionality. In this manuscript, the phenomenology of past and present understanding of non-proportional response will be reviewed. Based on recent experimental, computational and theoretical works, the relation between nonlinear response and energy resolution degradation will be addressed. Finally, the relation between material parameters and proportionality will be evaluated. These recent works are leading towards a deeper understanding of nonlinearity in scintillator detector materials and should result in the development of new high performance scintillator materials. C1 [Bizarri, G.; Moses, W. W.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bizarri, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gabizarri@lbl.gov; wwmoses@lbl.gov; payne3@llnl.gov; williams@wfu.edu NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81420X DI 10.1117/12.896001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500024 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, AE Butcher, J Camarda, GS Cui, Y Egarievwe, SU Fochuk, PM Gul, R Hamade, M Hossain, A Kim, K Kopach, OV Petryk, M Raghothamachar, B Yang, G James, RB AF Bolotnikov, A. E. Butcher, J. Camarda, G. S. Cui, Y. Egarievwe, S. U. Fochuk, P. M. Gul, R. Hamade, M. Hossain, A. Kim, K. Kopach, O. V. Petryk, M. Raghothamachar, B. Yang, G. James, R. B. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Effects of the networks of subgrain boundaries on spectral responses of thick CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe detectors; virtual Frisch-grid detectors; crystal defects AB CdZnTe (CZT) crystals used for nuclear-radiation detectors often contain high concentrations of subgrain boundaries and networks of poligonized dislocations that can significantly degrade the performance of semiconductor devices. These defects exist in all commercial CZT materials, regardless of their growth techniques and their vendor. We describe our new results from examining such detectors using IR transmission microscopy and white X-ray beam diffraction topography. We emphasize the roles on the devices' performances of networks of subgrain boundaries with low dislocation densities, such as poligonized dislocations and mosaic structures. Specifically, we evaluated their effects on the gamma-ray responses of thick, >10 mm, CZT detectors. Our findings set the lower limit on the energy resolution of CZT detectors containing dense networks of subgrain boundaries and walls of dislocations. C1 [Bolotnikov, A. E.; Butcher, J.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Gul, R.; Hamade, M.; Hossain, A.; Kim, K.; Petryk, M.; Yang, G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bolotnikov, AE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011; Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Kopach, Oleh/C-3993-2017 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Kopach, Oleh/0000-0002-1513-5261 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 814206 DI 10.1117/12.896223 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500005 ER PT S AU Camarda, GS Bolotnikov, AE Chan, W Cui, Y Gul, R Hossain, A Kim, K Yang, G James, RB AF Camarda, G. S. Bolotnikov, A. E. Chan, W. Cui, Y. Gul, R. Hossain, A. Kim, K. Yang, G. James, R. B. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Hybrid Contacts for CZT Virtual Frisch-grid Detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CZT; Frisch-grid detectors; NSLS beamline X27B; hybrid anode; X-ray response maps AB In our previous design of virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe (CZT) detectors, the charge drift-lines can be terminated at the side surfaces before the carriers reach the collecting anode; this results in a loss of signal from the interacting events near the detector's edges. Here, we describe our new design for the anode contact that reduces these edge effects by focusing the electric field towards the detectors' central axes. Four detectors were fabricated with the new hybrid anode contact, and their performances were evaluated and compared to those from the previous design for our virtual Frisch-grid detectors. The results obtained for all four showed similar improvement: therefore, we illustrate them with the findings from one detector. C1 [Camarda, G. S.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Cui, Y.; Gul, R.; Hossain, A.; Kim, K.; Yang, G.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Camarda, GS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM Giuseppec@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 814202 DI 10.1117/12.896682 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500003 ER PT S AU Cherepy, NJ Payne, SA Sturm, BW O'Neal, SP Seeley, ZM Drury, OB Haselhorst, LK Rupert, BL Sanner, RD Thelin, PA Fisher, SE Hawrami, R Shah, KS Burger, A Ramey, JO Boatner, LA AF Cherepy, N. J. Payne, S. A. Sturm, B. W. O'Neal, S. P. Seeley, Z. M. Drury, O. B. Haselhorst, L. K. Rupert, B. L. Sanner, R. D. Thelin, P. A. Fisher, S. E. Hawrami, R. Shah, K. S. Burger, A. Ramey, J. O. Boatner, L. A. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Performance of Europium-Doped Strontium Iodide, Transparent Ceramics and Bismuth-loaded Polymer Scintillators SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Scintillators; strontium iodide; garnets; bixbyites; transparent ceramics; gamma ray spectrometers; radiography scintillators; plastic scintillators ID FLAME SPRAY-PYROLYSIS; LUMINESCENCE AB Recently discovered scintillators for gamma ray spectroscopy - single-crystal SrI2(Eu), GYGAG(Ce) transparent ceramic and Bismuth-loaded plastics - offer resolution and fabrication advantages compared to commercial scintillators, such as NaI(Tl) and standard PVT plastic. Energy resolution at 662 keV of 2.7% is obtained with SrI2(Eu), while 4.5% is obtained with GYGAG(Ce). A new transparent ceramic scintillator for radiographic imaging systems, GLO(Eu), offers high light yield of 70,000 Photons/MeV, high stopping, and low radiation damage. Implementation of single-crystal SrI2(Eu), Gd-based transparent ceramics, and Bi-loaded plastic scintillators can advance the state-of-the art in ionizing radiation detection systems. C1 [Cherepy, N. J.; Payne, S. A.; Sturm, B. W.; O'Neal, S. P.; Seeley, Z. M.; Drury, O. B.; Haselhorst, L. K.; Rupert, B. L.; Sanner, R. D.; Thelin, P. A.; Fisher, S. E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM cherepy1@llnl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81420W DI 10.1117/12.896656 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500023 ER PT S AU Conway, AM Voss, LF Nelson, AJ Beck, PR Graff, RT Nikolic, RJ Payne, SA Kim, H Cirignano, LJ Shah, K AF Conway, A. M. Voss, L. F. Nelson, A. J. Beck, P. R. Graff, R. T. Nikolic, R. J. Payne, S. A. Kim, H. Cirignano, L. J. Shah, K. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Long-term room temperature stability of TlBr gamma detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE TlBr; semiconductor radiation detector; room temperature gamma detector AB TlBr is a material of interest for use in room temperature gamma ray detector applications due to is wide bandgap 2.7 eV and high average atomic number (Tl 81, Br 35). Researchers have achieved energy resolutions of 1.3 % at 662 keV, demonstrating the potential of this material system. However, these detectors are known to polarize using conventional configurations, limiting their use. Continued improvement of room temperature, high-resolution gamma ray detectors based on TlBr requires further understanding of the degradation mechanisms. While high quality material is a critical starting point for excellent detector performance, we show that the room temperature stability of planar TlBr gamma spectrometers can be significantly enhanced by treatment with both hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid. By incorporating F or Cl into the surface of TlBr, current instabilities are eliminated and the longer term current of the detectors remains unchanged. Am-241 spectra are also shown to be more stable for extended periods; detectors have been held at 2000 V/cm for 52 days with less than 10% degradation in peak centroid position. In addition, evidence for the long term degradation mechanism being related to the contact metal is presented. C1 [Conway, A. M.; Voss, L. F.; Nelson, A. J.; Beck, P. R.; Graff, R. T.; Nikolic, R. J.; Payne, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Conway, AM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM conway8@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81420J DI 10.1117/12.896713 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500013 ER PT S AU Izumi, N Emig, J Moody, J Middleton, C Holder, J Piston, K Smalyuk, V Hagmann, C Ayers, J Celeste, J Cerjan, C Felker, B Sorce, C Krauter, K Glenn, S Bourgade, JL Kilkenny, JD Bradley, DK Bell, PM AF Izumi, N. Emig, J. Moody, J. Middleton, C. Holder, J. Piston, K. Smalyuk, V. Hagmann, C. Ayers, J. Celeste, J. Cerjan, C. Felker, B. Sorce, C. Krauter, K. Glenn, S. Bourgade, J. -L. Kilkenny, J. D. Bradley, D. K. Bell, P. M. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Efficiency and decay time measurement of phosphors for x-ray framing cameras usable in harsh radiation background SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE gated x-ray imager; neutron background; phosphor AB Phosphors are key components of x-ray framing cameras. On implosion experiments at the National Ignition Facility, the x-ray framing cameras must operate in a harsh neutron induced ionizing radiation. One promising approach of neutron induced background reduction is separation of the neutron background with using difference of x-ray and neutron time-of-flight. To complete x-ray imaging before arrival of the neutron induced radiation to the detector, it is crucial to find a phosphor which has high efficiency and fast decay time. We tested various phosphor materials to optimize design of framing cameras for implosion experiments. C1 [Izumi, N.; Emig, J.; Moody, J.; Middleton, C.; Holder, J.; Piston, K.; Smalyuk, V.; Hagmann, C.; Ayers, J.; Celeste, J.; Cerjan, C.; Felker, B.; Sorce, C.; Krauter, K.; Glenn, S.; Bradley, D. K.; Bell, P. M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Izumi, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/J-8487-2016 OI IZUMI, Nobuhiko/0000-0003-1114-597X NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81420I DI 10.1117/12.893840 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500012 ER PT S AU Jordan, DV Baciak, JE McDonald, BS Hensley, WK Miller, EA Wittman, RS Siciliano, ER AF Jordan, David V. Baciak, James E. McDonald, Benjamin S. Hensley, Walter K. Miller, Erin A. Wittman, Richard S. Siciliano, Edward R. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Computational Assessment of the Impact of Gamma-ray Detector Material Properties on Spectroscopic Performance SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Gamma-ray detectors; energy resolution; detection efficiency; parametric study ID NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION; SIGNATURE CALCULATION AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is performing a computational assessment of the impact of several important gamma-ray detector material properties (e. g. energy resolution and intrinsic detection efficiency) on the scenario-specific spectroscopic performance of these materials. The research approach combines 3D radiation transport calculations, detector response modeling, and spectroscopic analysis of simulated energy deposition spectra to map the functional dependence of detection performance on the underlying material properties. This assessment is intended to help guide formulation of performance goals for new detector materials within the context of materials discovery programs, with an emphasis on applications in the threat reduction, nonproliferation, and safeguards/verification user communities. The research results will also provide guidance to the gamma-ray sensor design community in estimating relative spectroscopic performance merits of candidate materials for novel or notional detectors. C1 [Jordan, David V.; Baciak, James E.; McDonald, Benjamin S.; Hensley, Walter K.; Miller, Erin A.; Wittman, Richard S.; Siciliano, Edward R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jordan, DV (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM David.Jordan@pnnl.gov OI McDonald, Benjamin/0000-0002-4596-9670 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81421K DI 10.1117/12.897316 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500037 ER PT S AU Maxey, LC Ally, TR Brunson, AM Garcia, FD Goetz, KC Hasse, KE McManamy, TJ Mitchell, MA Simpson, ML Shea, TJ Kumler, JJ Brown, D Lindsey, T Victorio, T AF Maxey, L. C. Ally, T. R. Brunson, A. M. Garcia, F. D. Goetz, K. C. Hasse, K. E. McManamy, T. J. Mitchell, M. A. Simpson, M. L. Shea, T. J. Kumler, J. J. Brown, D. Lindsey, T. Victorio, T. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI A hybrid reflective/refractive/diffractive achromatic fiber-coupled radiation resistant imaging system for use in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Spallation Neutron Source; proton beam imaging; diffractive optics; achromatic corrector AB A fiber-coupled imaging system for monitoring the proton beam profile on the target of the Spallation Neutron Source was developed using reflective, refractive and diffractive optics to focus an image onto a fiber optic imaging bundle. The imaging system monitors the light output from a chromium-doped aluminum oxide (Al(2)0(3):Cr) scintillator on the nose of the target. Metal optics are used to relay the image to the lenses that focus the image onto the fiber. The material choices for the lenses and fiber were limited to high-purity fused silica, due to the anticipated radiation dose of 10(8) R. In the first generation system (which had no diffractive elements), radiation damage to the scintillator on the nose of the target significantly broadened the normally monochromatic (694 nm) spectrum. This created the need for an achromatic design in the second generation system. This was achieved through the addition of a diffractive optic for chromatic correction. An overview of the target imaging system and its performance, with particular emphasis on the design and testing of a hybrid refractive/diffractive high-purity fused silica imaging triplet, is presented. C1 [Maxey, L. C.; Ally, T. R.; Brunson, A. M.; Garcia, F. D.; Goetz, K. C.; Hasse, K. E.; McManamy, T. J.; Mitchell, M. A.; Simpson, M. L.; Shea, T. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Maxey, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81420N DI 10.1117/12.894125 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500016 ER PT S AU Payne, SA Hunter, S Sturm, BW Cherepy, NJ Ahle, L Sheets, S Dazeley, S Moses, WW Bizarri, G AF Payne, S. A. Hunter, S. Sturm, B. W. Cherepy, N. J. Ahle, L. Sheets, S. Dazeley, S. Moses, W. W. Bizarri, G. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Physics of Scintillator Nonproportionality SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Scintillators; nonproportionality ID ENERGY RESOLUTION AB Scintillator nonproportionality is a key mechanism by which the energy resolution is degraded in gamma spectroscopy. Herein, we survey the results obtained for a number of inorganic scintillating materials, including alkali and multivalent halides, fluorides, simple oxides, silicates, and a tungstate. The results are interpreted in the context of a model that accounts for carrier attraction by the Onsager mechanism and exciton-exciton annihilation by the Birks model. We then utilize the theory of Landau fluctuations in combination with the fitted experimental nonproportionality curves to deduce the predicted value of the resolution degradation. C1 [Payne, S. A.; Hunter, S.; Sturm, B. W.; Cherepy, N. J.; Ahle, L.; Sheets, S.; Dazeley, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Payne, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013 OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 814210 DI 10.1117/12.895969 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500026 ER PT S AU Singh, DJ AF Singh, David J. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Optical properties of halide and oxide scintillators SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scintillators; halides; refractive index; transparent ceramic; CaI2; CeCl3. ID CERAMIC SCINTILLATORS AB Knowledge of optical properties of scintillators is important both for the optimization of scintillator systems and the development of new materials particularly ceramic scintillators. Recent theoretical developments, especially new density functionals that enable accurate prediction of band gaps, have made it possible to perform quantitative calculations of the optical properties of scintillator materials. We used these techniques to obtain optical properties of a large number of high light output halide scintillators. These calculations showed that many halide scintillators have remarkably little optical anisotropy and may be good candidates for development as ceramic scintillators. These include materials such as CaI2:Eu2+ that have very high light output and other favorable properties but are difficult to develop due to crystal growth issues. We review some of our recent results and present new results for CeCl3. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Radiat Detect Mat & Syst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM singhdj@ornl.gov RI Singh, David/I-2416-2012 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 81420U DI 10.1117/12.894957 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500022 ER PT S AU Teague, LC Washington, AL Duff, MC Groza, M Buliga, V Burger, A AF Teague, Lucile C. Washington, Aaron L., II Duff, Martine C. Groza, Michael Buliga, Vladimir Burger, Arnold BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Illumination response of CdZnTe SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; CZT; detector; semiconductor; X-ray; gamma-ray ID INTERNAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; RADIATION DETECTORS; CDTE; SPECTROSCOPY; CRYSTALS; TRAPS AB CdZnTe (CZT) semiconducting crystals are of interest for use as room temperature X-and gamma-ray spectrometers. Several studies have focused on understanding the various electronic properties of these materials, such as the surface and bulk resistivities and the distribution of the electric field within the crystal. Specifically of interest is how these properties are influenced by a variety of factors including structural heterogeneities, such as secondary phases (SPs) and line defects as well as environmental effects. Herein, we report the bulk current, surface current, electric field distribution and performance of a spectrometer-grade CZT crystal exposed to above band-gap energy illumination. C1 [Teague, Lucile C.; Washington, Aaron L., II; Duff, Martine C.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Teague, LC (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM lucile.teague@srnl.doe.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 814205 DI 10.1117/12.892398 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500004 ER PT S AU Yang, G Bolotnikov, AE Fochuk, PM Cui, Y Camarda, GS Hossain, A Kim, KH Horace, J McCall, B Gul, R Kopach, OV Egarievwe, SU James, RB AF Yang, G. Bolotnikov, A. E. Fochuk, P. M. Cui, Y. Camarda, G. S. Hossain, A. Kim, K. H. Horace, J. McCall, B. Gul, R. Kopach, O. V. Egarievwe, S. U. James, R. B. BE Franks, LA James, RB Burger, A TI Effects of Thermal Annealing on the Structural Properties of CdZnTe Crystals SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray and Neutron Detector Physics XIII CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE radiation detection; CZT; annealing; Te inclusions; sub-grain boundaries ID RADIATION DETECTORS; PERFORMANCE AB Although cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) is one of leading materials for fabricating room-temperature nuclear-radiation-detectors, different defects in the crystals can degrade the performance of CZT detectors. Post-growth thermal annealing potentially offers a satisfactory way to eliminate the deleterious influence of these defects. Here, we report that the annealing of CZT in Cd vapor effectively lowers the density of Te inclusions. It takes a much longer annealing time to eliminate separate large Te inclusions than small ones; however, the annealing time is greatly reduced when the large Te inclusions are distributed along grain boundaries. We found that sub-grain boundaries still exist after the annealing at 500 degrees C, indicating that a higher annealing temperature might be needed. C1 [Yang, G.; Bolotnikov, A. E.; Fochuk, P. M.; Cui, Y.; Camarda, G. S.; Hossain, A.; Kim, K. H.; Horace, J.; McCall, B.; Gul, R.; Kopach, O. V.; Egarievwe, S. U.; James, R. B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, G (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gyang@bnl.gov RI Yang, Ge/G-1354-2011; Fochuk, Petro/D-9409-2016; Kopach, Oleh/C-3993-2017 OI Fochuk, Petro/0000-0002-4149-4882; Kopach, Oleh/0000-0002-1513-5261 NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-752-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8142 AR 814217 DI 10.1117/12.894961 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BXY56 UT WOS:000297626500030 ER PT S AU Roll, JL Trew, NJM Geis, MR Havig, PR AF Roll, Jason L. Trew, Noel J. M. Geis, Matthew R. Havig, Paul R. BE Marasco, PL Havig, PR TI Evaluation of anti-glare applications for a tactical helmet-mounted display SO HEAD- AND HELMET-MOUNTED DISPLAYS XVI: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Head- and Helmet-Mounted Displays XVI - Design and Applications CY APR 28, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE HMD; Glare; Anti-Reflective; Hood ID CONTRAST; PERFORMANCE AB Non see-through, monocular helmet mounted displays (HMDs) provide warfighters with unprecedented amounts of information at a glance. The US Air Force recognizes their usefulness, and has included such an HMD as part of a kit for ground-based, Battlefield Airmen. Despite their many advantages, non see-through HMDs occlude a large portion of the visual field when worn as designed, directly in front of the eye. To address this limitation, operators have chosen to wear it just above the cheek, angled up toward the eye. However, wearing the HMD in this position exposes the display to glare, causing a potential viewing problem. In order to address this problem, we tested several film and HMD hood applications for their effect on glare. The first experiment objectively examined the amount of light reflected off the display with each application in a controlled environment. The second experiment used human participants to subjectively evaluate display readability/legibility with each film and HMD hood covering under normal office lighting and under a simulated sunlight condition. In this test paradigm, participants had to correctly identify different icons on a map and different words on a white background. Our results indicate that though some applications do reduce glare, they do not significantly improve the HMD's readability/legibility compared with an uncovered screen. This suggests that these post-production modifications will not completely solve this problem and underscores the importance of employing a user-centered approach early in the design cycle to determine an operator's use-case before manufacturing an HMD for a particular user community. C1 [Roll, Jason L.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. RP Roll, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, 4692 Millennium Dr, Belcamp, MD 21017 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-615-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8041 AR 804106 DI 10.1117/12.884104 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BVO18 UT WOS:000292033000005 ER PT J AU Lyons, PB AF Lyons, Peter B. TI SIXTH WARREN K. SINCLAIR KEYNOTE ADDRESS: THE ROLE OF A STRONG REGULATOR IN SAFE AND SECURE NUCLEAR ENERGY SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; nuclear power industry; nuclear workers; regulations AB The history of nuclear regulation is briefly reviewed to underscore the early recognition that independence of the regulator was essential in achieving and maintaining public credibility. The current licensing process is reviewed along with the status of applications. Challenges faced by both the NRC and the industry are reviewed, such as new construction techniques involving modular construction, digital controls replacing analog circuitry, globalization of the entire supply chain, and increased security requirements. The vital area of safety culture is discussed in some detail, and its importance is emphasized. Health Phys. 100(1):5-11; 2011 C1 US DOE, US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Lyons, PB (reprint author), US DOE, US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM peter.lyons@hg.doe.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 100 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f6e76e PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 692FN UT WOS:000285138600002 PM 21399404 ER PT J AU Hill, RN Nutt, WM Laidler, JJ AF Hill, R. N. Nutt, W. M. Laidler, J. J. TI ADVANCED REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES: SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; nuclear fuel cycle; nuclear reactor; waste management AB The safety and environmental impacts of new technology and fuel cycle approaches being considered in current U. S. nuclear research programs are contrasted to conventional technology options in this paper. Two advanced reactor technologies, the sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) and the very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR), are being developed. In general, the new reactor technologies exploit inherent features for enhanced safety performance. A key distinction of advanced fuel cycles is spent fuel recycle facilities and new waste forms. In this paper, the performance of existing fuel cycle facilities and applicable regulatory limits are reviewed. Technology options to improve recycle efficiency, restrict emissions, and/or improve safety are identified. For a closed fuel cycle, potential benefits in waste management are significant, and key waste form technology alternatives are described. Health Phys. 100(1):20-31; 2011 C1 [Hill, R. N.; Laidler, J. J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hill, RN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM bobhill@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 100 IS 1 BP 20 EP 31 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181fa38d9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 692FN UT WOS:000285138600005 PM 21399407 ER PT J AU Perkowski, JC AF Perkowski, Joseph C. TI PANEL SESSION ON INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUTURE OF NUCLEAR POWER SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; nuclear power industry; radiation effects; radiation, technological enhancements AB The 2009 National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) Annual Meeting provided an opportunity to exchange viewpoints and consider current information regarding the evolution of selected commercial nuclear power trends worldwide. Within the overall topical context of radiation-related regulation, focus was placed on activities in the United Kingdom, Japan, and the United States, although general global developments were reviewed to some extent. This paper provides the reader with a sense of these activities as described by the authors and presenters: David Bennett (Environmental Agency, United Kingdom), Alan Hanson (AREVA), Shojiro Matsuura (Japan Nuclear Safety Research Association), and Alexander Marion (Nuclear Energy Institute). Health Phys. 100(1):32-34; 2011 C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Perkowski, JC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, 2525 Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Joseph.Perkowskianl@inl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 100 IS 1 BP 32 EP 34 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f59da4 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 692FN UT WOS:000285138600006 PM 21399408 ER PT J AU Finck, PJ Wigeland, RA Hill, RN AF Finck, Phillip J. Wigeland, Roald A. Hill, Robert N. TI REACTOR-BASED MANAGEMENT OF USED NUCLEAR FUEL: ASSESSMENT OF MAJOR OPTIONS SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; nuclear fuel cycle; nuclear reactor; waste management ID GEOLOGIC REPOSITORY AB This paper discusses the current status of the ongoing Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) program in the U. S. Department of Energy that is investigating the potential for using the processing and recycling of used nuclear fuel to improve radioactive waste management, including used fuel. A key element of the strategies is to use nuclear reactors for further irradiation of recovered chemical elements to transmute certain long-lived highly-radioactive isotopes into less hazardous isotopes. Both thermal and fast neutron spectrum reactors are being studied as part of integrated nuclear energy systems where separations, transmutation, and disposal are considered. Radiotoxicity is being used as one of the metrics for estimating the hazard of used fuel and the processing of wastes resulting from separations and recycle-fuel fabrication. Decay heat from the used fuel and/or wastes destined for disposal is used as a metric for use of a geologic repository. Results to date indicate that the most promising options appear to be those using fast reactors in a repeated recycle mode to limit buildup of higher actinides, since the transuranic elements are a key contributor to the radiotoxicity and decay heat. Using such an approach, there could be much lower environmental impact from the high-level waste as compared to direct disposal of the used fuel, but there would likely be greater generation of low-level wastes that will also require disposal. An additional potential waste management benefit is having the ability to tailor waste forms and contents to one or more targeted disposal environments (i.e., to be able to put waste in environments best-suited for the waste contents and forms). Health Phys. 100(1):46-53; 2011 C1 [Finck, Phillip J.; Wigeland, Roald A.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Hill, Robert N.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Finck, PJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, POB 1625,Mail Stop 3860, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM phillip.finck@inl.gov FU United States Department of Energy FX This work was supported by the United States Department of Energy. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 100 IS 1 BP 46 EP 53 DI 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181fa4843 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 692FN UT WOS:000285138600009 PM 21399411 ER PT J AU Abergel, RJ Raymond, KN AF Abergel, Rebecca J. Raymond, Kenneth N. TI MULTIDENTATE TEREPHTHALAMIDATE AND HYDROXYPYRIDONATE LIGANDS: TOWARDS NEW ORALLY ACTIVE CHELATORS SO HEMOGLOBIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Chelation (ICOC) CY NOV 13-16, 2009 CL London, ENGLAND DE Iron overload; Actinide contamination; Hydroxypyridonate ligands; Terephthalamidate ligands; Chelating agents; Chelation therapy ID IRON CHELATORS; ACTINIDE CHELATORS; METAL-IONS; IN-VIVO; DEFERASIROX; TOXICITY; OVERLOAD; EFFICACY; PU(IV); AGENTS AB The limitations of current therapies for the treatment of iron overload or radioisotope contamination have stimulated efforts to develop new orally bioavailable iron and actinide chelators. Siderophore-inspired tetradentate, hexadentate and octadentate terephthalamidate and hydroxypyridonate ligands were evaluated in vivo as selective and efficacious iron or actinide chelating agents, with several metal loading and ligand assessment procedures, using Fe-59, Pu-238, and Am-241 as radioactive tracers. The compounds presented in this study were compared to commercially available therapeutic sequestering agents [deferoxamine (DFO) for iron and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DPTA) for actinides] and are unrivaled in terms of affinity, selectivity and decorporation efficacy, which attests to the fact that high metal affinity may overcome the low bioavailability properties commonly associated to multidenticity. C1 [Abergel, Rebecca J.; Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Raymond, Kenneth N.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Abergel, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rjabergel@lbl.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [1RC2AI087604-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK057814] NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0363-0269 J9 HEMOGLOBIN JI Hemoglobin PY 2011 VL 35 IS 3 BP 276 EP 290 DI 10.3109/03630269.2011.560771 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Hematology GA 766PJ UT WOS:000290797500011 PM 21599440 ER PT S AU Bower, W AF Bower, Ward BE VanSant, K Sherif, RA TI Solar Energy Grid Integration Systems (SEGIS) Adding functionality while maintaining reliability and economics SO HIGH AND LOW CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS FOR SOLAR ELECTRIC APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High and Low Concentrator Systems for Solar Electric Applications VI CY AUG 22-24, 2011 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE SEGIS; inverter; PV systems; smart grid; interconnect; VAr support; communications; energy management AB An overview of the activities and progress made during the US DOE Solar Energy Grid Integration Systems (SEGIS) solicitation, while maintaining reliability and economics is provided. The SEGIS R&D opened pathways for interconnecting PV systems to intelligent utility grids and micro-grids of the future. In addition to new capabilities are "value added" features. The new hardware designs resulted in smaller, less material-intensive products that are being viewed by utilities as enabling dispatchable generation and not just unpredictable negative loads. The technical solutions enable "advanced integrated system" concepts and "smart grid" processes to move forward in a faster and focused manner. The advanced integrated inverters/controllers can now incorporate energy management functionality, intelligent electrical grid support features and a multiplicity of communication technologies. Portals for energy flow and two-way communications have been implemented. SEGIS hardware was developed for the utility grid of today, which was designed for one-way power flow, for intermediate grid scenarios, AND for the grid of tomorrow, which will seamlessly accommodate managed two-way power flows as required by large-scale deployment of solar and other distributed generation. The SEGIS hardware and control developed for today meets existing standards and codes AND provides for future connections to a "smart grid" mode that enables utility control and optimized performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bower, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0734, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM wibower@sandia.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-718-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8108 AR 811202 DI 10.1117/12.915598 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BXB37 UT WOS:000295582300001 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Introduction SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID X-RAY LASER; SCATTERING; ATTENUATION; TABULATION; Z=1-92 C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 1 EP 27 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700002 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Preface SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP XIII EP XV D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700001 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Atomic Physics SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WAVE MECHANICS; IONIZATION; ELECTRON C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 29 EP 60 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 32 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700003 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Scattering of X-Ray Radiation SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID REFLECTION; ELECTRONS; ATOMS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 61 EP 91 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 31 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700004 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Electromagnetic Wave Propagation SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; REFLECTION; DISPERSION; SCATTERING C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 93 EP 115 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700005 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Electron Dynamics SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEAN FREE PATHS; MODEL; DIAMOND; GAS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 117 EP 139 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700006 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Short X-Ray Pulses SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; COHERENT-LIGHT SOURCE; HARMONIC-GENERATION; HIGH-GAIN; RADIATION; FIELD; COMPRESSION; DIFFRACTION; STATES C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 141 EP 167 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 27 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700007 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI High-Intensity Effects in the X-Ray Regime SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARAMETRIC CONVERSION; LASER FIELDS; ATOMS; ELECTRON; STABILIZATION; PHOTOIONIZATION; IONIZATION; RADIATION; VACUUM; PLASMA C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 169 EP 189 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700008 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Dynamics of X-Ray-Irradiated Materials SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; DESIGN; TECHNOLOGIES; LITHOGRAPHY C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 191 EP 214 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 24 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700009 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Simulation of X-Ray-Matter Interaction SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MONTE-CARLO; IONIZATION; ALGORITHM; EQUATIONS; ELECTRONS; RADIATION; ABLATION; PLASMAS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 215 EP 237 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700010 ER PT B AU Hau-Riege, SP AF Hau-Riege, Stefan P. BA HauRiege, SP BF HauRiege, SP TI Examples of X-Ray-Matter Interaction SO HIGH-INTENSITY X-RAYS - INTERACTION WITH MATTER: PROCESSES IN PLASMAS, CLUSTERS, MOLECULES, AND SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THOMSON SCATTERING; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SINGLE PARTICLES; LOW HYDRATION; DIFFRACTION; LASER; PLASMAS; CLUSTER; PULSES; PHASE C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hau-Riege, SP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM hauriege1@llnl.gov NR 83 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-63638-9; 978-3-527-40947-1 PY 2011 BP 239 EP 261 D2 10.1002/9783527636365 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BA9YX UT WOS:000339992700011 ER PT S AU Awwal, AAS Leach, R Brunton, G Tse, E Matone, J Heebner, J AF Awwal, Abdul A. S. Leach, Richard Brunton, Gordon Tse, Eddy Matone, Joann Heebner, John BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Image processing and control of a programmable spatial light modulator SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE pattern recognition; line detection; laser alignment; spatial light modulator ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; AUTOMATIC ALIGNMENT AB The heart of the National Ignition Facility is a megajoule-class laser system consisting of 192 beams used to drive inertial confinement fusion reactions. A recently installed system of programmable, liquid-crystal-based spatial light modulators adds the capability of arbitrarily shaping the spatial beam profiles in order to enhance operational flexibility. Its primary intended use is for introducing "blocker" obscurations to shadow isolated flaws on downstream optical elements. To optimize the system, both the position and shape of the obscurations must be carefully verified prior to high-fluence operations. An automatic alignment algorithm is used to perform detection and estimation of the imposed blocker centroid positions compared to their intended locations. Furthermore, in order to minimize the spatially-varying nonlinear response of the device, a calibration of the local magnification is performed at multiple sub-image locations. In this paper, we describe the control and associated image processing of this device that helps to enhance the performance of the overall system. C1 [Awwal, Abdul A. S.; Leach, Richard; Brunton, Gordon; Tse, Eddy; Matone, Joann; Heebner, John] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Awwal, AAS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM awwal1@llnl.gov; awwal1@llnl.gov RI Heebner, John/C-2411-2009 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 79160Q DI 10.1117/12.876399 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700018 ER PT S AU Barat, K AF Barat, K. BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Laser Safety at High Profile Projects SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE Laser Safety; Safety culture; High profile facility AB Laser Safety at high profile laser facilities tends to be more controlled than in the standard laser lab found at a research institution. The reason for this is the potential consequences for such facilities from incidents. This ranges from construction accidents, to equipment damage to personnel injuries. No laser user wants to sustain a laser eye injury. Unfortunately, many laser users, most commonly experienced researchers and inexperienced graduate students, do receive laser eye injuries during their careers.. More unforgiveable is the general acceptance of this scenario, as part of the research & development experience. How do senior researchers, safety personnel and management stop this trend? The answer lies in a cultural change that involves institutional training, user mentoring, hazard awareness by users and administrative controls. None of these would inhibit research activities. As a matter of fact, proper implementation of these controls would increase research productivity. This presentation will review and explain the steps needed to steer an institution, research division, group or individual lab towards a culture that should nearly eliminate laser accidents. As well as how high profile facilities try to avoid laser injuries. Using the definition of high profile facility as one who's funding in the million to billions of dollars or Euros and derives form government funding. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barat, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 791606 DI 10.1117/12.874088 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700006 ER PT S AU Bayramian, A Deri, B Fulkerson, S Lanning, R Telford, S AF Bayramian, A. Deri, B. Fulkerson, S. Lanning, R. Telford, S. BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Compact, efficient, low-cost diode power conditioning for Laser Inertial Fusion Energy SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE diode power conditioning; diode pulsers; diode pumped solid state lasers AB This year fusion ignition and gain are expected on the National Ignition Facility at LLNL. The pathway to inertial fusion energy begins by addressing high average power operation of the diode pumped solid state laser system, target chamber, target injection and tracking, target mass production, blanket, and the balance of plant. To meet efficiency requirements, the power conditioning for the laser diodes must be compact and efficient. A diode pulser has been designed to meet these specifications, operate efficiently, and provide a means to minimizing cost and size for the estimated 4.4 million pulsers needed for a power plant. C1 [Bayramian, A.; Deri, B.; Fulkerson, S.; Lanning, R.; Telford, S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bayramian, A (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bayramian1@llnl.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 79160B DI 10.1117/12.878937 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700008 ER PT S AU Brown, CG Adcock, AB Azevedo, SG Liebman, JA Bond, EJ AF Brown, Charles G., Jr. Adcock, Aaron B. Azevedo, Stephen G. Liebman, Judith A. Bond, Essex J. BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Adaptation of a cubic smoothing spline algortihm for multi-channel data stitching at the National Ignition Facility SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE Cubic spline; smoothing ID NOISY DATA AB Some diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), including the Gamma Reaction History (GRH) diagnostic, require multiple channels of data to achieve the required dynamic range. These channels need to be stitched together into a single time series, and they may have non-uniform and redundant time samples. We chose to apply the popular cubic smoothing spline technique to our stitching problem because we needed a general non-parametric method. We adapted one of the algorithms in the literature, by Hutchinson and deHoog, to our needs. The modified algorithm and the resulting code perform a cubic smoothing spline fit to multiple data channels with redundant time samples and missing data points. The data channels can have different, time-varying, zero-mean white noise characteristics. The method we employ automatically determines an optimal smoothing level by minimizing the Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) score. In order to automatically validate the smoothing level selection, the Weighted Sum-Squared Residual (WSSR) and zero-mean tests are performed on the residuals. Further, confidence intervals, both analytical and Monte Carlo, are also calculated. In this paper, we describe the derivation of our cubic smoothing spline algorithm. We outline the algorithm and test it with simulated and experimental data. C1 [Brown, Charles G., Jr.; Adcock, Aaron B.; Azevedo, Stephen G.; Liebman, Judith A.; Bond, Essex J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, CG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM brown207@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 79160P DI 10.1117/12.878918 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700017 ER PT S AU Bullington, AL Sutton, SB Bayramian, AJ Caird, JA Deri, RJ Erlandson, AC Henesian, MA AF Bullington, Amber L. Sutton, Steven B. Bayramian, Andy J. Caird, John A. Deri, Robert J. Erlandson, Al C. Henesian, Mark A. BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Thermal birefringence and depolarization compensation in glass-based high-average-power laser systems SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE thermal birefringence; depolarization; high-average-power lasers AB Thermally induced birefringence can degrade the beam quality in high-average-power laser systems with doped-glass substrates. In this work, we compare glass-laser slab amplifiers at either Brewster's angle or normal incidence and discuss trade-offs between both designs. Numerical simulations show the impact of thermally induced depolarization in both amplifier systems. A non-uniform temperature profile and the resultant mechanical stress leads to depolarization that worsens as the beam propagates through the slab-amplifier chain. Reflective losses for depolarized light at Brewster's angle cannot be compensated and degrade beam quality. This motivates the selection of normally incident slab amplifiers, which facilitates birefringence compensation. Tolerances for birefringence compensation of two matched normal-incidence glass-slab amplifiers balanced by a quartz rotator are also investigated. Imbalances in thermal load, relative amplifier position and beam magnification between amplifiers show the highest depolarization sensitivity and establish limits for manufacturing tolerances and amplifier design. C1 [Bullington, Amber L.; Sutton, Steven B.; Bayramian, Andy J.; Caird, John A.; Deri, Robert J.; Erlandson, Al C.; Henesian, Mark A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bullington, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bullington1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 79160V DI 10.1117/12.876531 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700020 ER PT S AU Heebner, J Borden, M Miller, P Hunter, S Christensen, K Scanlan, M Haynam, C Wegner, P Hermann, M Brunton, G Tse, E Awwal, A Wong, N Seppala, L Franks, M Marley, E Williams, K Budge, T Henesian, M Stolz, C Suratwala, T Monticelli, M Walmer, D Dixit, S Widmayer, C Wolfe, J Bude, J McCarty, K DiNicola, JM AF Heebner, John Borden, Michael Miller, Phil Hunter, Steve Christensen, Kim Scanlan, Michael Haynam, Chris Wegner, Paul Hermann, Mark Brunton, Gordon Tse, Eddy Awwal, Abdul Wong, Nan Seppala, Lynn Franks, Mark Marley, Ed Williams, Kevin Budge, Tracy Henesian, Mark Stolz, Christopher Suratwala, Tayyab Monticelli, Marcus Walmer, Dan Dixit, Sham Widmayer, Clay Wolfe, Justin Bude, Jeff McCarty, Kelly DiNicola, Jean-Michel BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Programmable Beam Spatial Shaping System for the National Ignition Facility SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE spatial light modulators; liquid crystal; bismuth silicon oxide; beam shaping; high fluence; HEDP AB A system of customized spatial light modulators has been installed onto the front end of the laser system at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The devices are capable of shaping the beam profile at a low-fluence relay plane upstream of the amplifier chain. Their primary function is to introduce "blocker" obscurations at programmed locations within the beam profile. These obscurations are positioned to shadow small, isolated flaws on downstream optical components that might otherwise limit the system operating energy. The modulators were designed to enable a drop-in retrofit of each of the 48 existing Pre Amplifier Modules (PAMs) without compromising their original performance specifications. This was accomplished by use of transmissive Optically Addressable Light Valves (OALV) based on a Bismuth Silicon Oxide photoconductive layer in series with a twisted nematic liquid crystal (LC) layer. These Programmable Spatial Shaper packages in combination with a flaw inspection system and optic registration strategy have provided a robust approach for extending the operational lifetime of high fluence laser optics on NIF. C1 [Heebner, John; Borden, Michael; Miller, Phil; Hunter, Steve; Christensen, Kim; Scanlan, Michael; Haynam, Chris; Wegner, Paul; Hermann, Mark; Brunton, Gordon; Tse, Eddy; Awwal, Abdul; Wong, Nan; Seppala, Lynn; Franks, Mark; Marley, Ed; Williams, Kevin; Budge, Tracy; Henesian, Mark; Stolz, Christopher; Suratwala, Tayyab; Monticelli, Marcus; Walmer, Dan; Dixit, Sham; Widmayer, Clay; Wolfe, Justin; Bude, Jeff; McCarty, Kelly; DiNicola, Jean-Michel] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Heebner, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Heebner, John/C-2411-2009; Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 79160H DI 10.1117/12.875794 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700012 ER PT S AU Kane, JO Rhodes, MA Loosmore, GA Latkowski, JF Koning, JM Patel, MV Scott, HA Zimmerman, GB Demuth, JA Moses, GA AF Kane, J. O. Rhodes, M. A. Loosmore, G. A. Latkowski, J. F. Koning, J. M. Patel, M. V. Scott, H. A. Zimmerman, G. B. Demuth, J. A. Moses, G. A. BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Modeling of the LIFE minichamber Xe theta pinch experiment SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE Fusion; Xe; atomic physics; theta pinch; MHD AB The LIFE minichamber experiment will investigate cooling of the strongly radiating Xe buffer gas protecting the LIFE chamber wall. A theta pinch will inductively heat a few cc of Xe at ion density 2e16/cc to several eV. Thomson scattering will be used to determine electron temperature and ionization state. Modeled is being done using the magnetohydrodynamic code HYDRA with an external circuit model and inductive feedback from the plasma to the external circuit. Coil stresses are being assessed using the 3D MHD code ALE3D. A major challenge to the design is the paucity of opacity and conductivity data for Xe in the buffer gas regime. Results of the modeling will be presented. C1 [Kane, J. O.; Rhodes, M. A.; Loosmore, G. A.; Latkowski, J. F.; Koning, J. M.; Patel, M. V.; Scott, H. A.; Zimmerman, G. B.; Demuth, J. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kane, JO (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Patel, Mehul/0000-0002-0486-010X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 791605 DI 10.1117/12.877264 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700005 ER PT S AU King, JJ AF King, Jamie J. BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI "Defense-in-Depth" Laser Safety and the National Ignition Facility SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the largest and most energetic laser in the world contained in a complex the size of a football stadium. From the initial laser pulse, provided by telecommunication style infrared nanoJoule pulsed lasers, to the final 192 laser beams (1.8 Mega Joules total energy in the ultraviolet) converging on a target the size of a pencil eraser, laser safety is of paramount concern. In addition to this, there are numerous high-powered (Class 3B and 4) diagnostic lasers in use that can potentially send their laser radiation travelling throughout the facility. With individual beam paths of up to 1500 meters and a workforce of more than one thousand, the potential for exposure is significant. Simple laser safety practices utilized in typical laser labs just don't apply. To mitigate these hazards, NIF incorporates a multi layered approach to laser safety or "Defense in Depth." C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, CLSO, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP King, JJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, CLSO, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 791617 DI 10.1117/12.879274 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700027 ER PT S AU Leach, RR Conder, A Edwards, O Kroll, J Kozioziemski, B Mapoles, E McGuigan, D Wilhelmsen, K AF Leach, Richard R., Jr. Conder, Alan Edwards, Oliver Kroll, Jeremy Kozioziemski, Bernard Mapoles, Evan McGuigan, Dave Wilhelmsen, Karl BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Hohlraum Target Alignment from X-ray Detector Images using Starburst Design Patterns SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE NIF; internal confinement fusion; hohlraum; pointing alignment; starburst pattern; ablation; x-ray source and detector; frozen fuel layer ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; EDGE-DETECTION AB National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a high-energy laser facility comprised of 192 laser beams focused with enough power and precision on a hydrogen-filled spherical, cryogenic target to initiate a fusion reaction. The target container, or hohlraum, must be accurately aligned to an x-ray imaging system to allow careful monitoring of the frozen fuel layer in the target. To achieve alignment, x-ray images are acquired through starburst-shaped windows cut into opposite sides of the hohlraum. When the hohlraum is in alignment, the starburst pattern pairs match nearly exactly and allow a clear view of the ice layer formation on the edge of the target capsule. During the alignment process, x-ray image analysis is applied to determine the direction and magnitude of adjustment required. X-ray detector and source are moved in concert during the alignment process. The automated pointing alignment system described here is both accurate and efficient. In this paper, we describe the control and associated image processing that enables automation of the starburst pointing alignment. C1 [Leach, Richard R., Jr.; Conder, Alan; Edwards, Oliver; Kroll, Jeremy; Kozioziemski, Bernard; Mapoles, Evan; McGuigan, Dave; Wilhelmsen, Karl] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leach, RR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM leach1@llnl.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 791616 DI 10.1117/12.878790 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700026 ER PT S AU Rhodes, MA Kane, J Loosmore, G DeMuth, J Latkowski, J AF Rhodes, M. A. Kane, J. Loosmore, G. DeMuth, J. Latkowski, J. BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Experimental Study of High-Z Gas Buffers in Gas-Filled ICF Engines SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE Xenon plasma; inertial fusion energy; theta pinch; first wall protection AB ICF power plants, such as the LIFE scheme at LLNL, may employ a high-Z, target-chamber gas-fill to moderate the first-wall heat-pulse due to x-rays and energetic ions released during target detonation. To reduce the uncertainties of cooling and beam/target propagation through such gas-filled chambers, we present a pulsed plasma source producing 2-5 eV plasma comprised of high-Z gases. We use a 5-kJ, 100-ns theta discharge for high peak plasma-heating-power, an electrode-less discharge for minimizing impurities, and unobstructed axial access for diagnostics and beam (and/or target) propagation studies. We will report on the plasma source requirements, design process, and the system design. C1 [Rhodes, M. A.; Kane, J.; Loosmore, G.; DeMuth, J.; Latkowski, J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rhodes, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L 460, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 791604 DI 10.1117/12.877185 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700004 ER PT S AU Wilhelmsen, K Awwal, AAS Kalantar, D Leach, R Lowe-Webb, R McGuigan, D Kamm, VM AF Wilhelmsen, Karl Awwal, Abdul A. S. Kalantar, Dan Leach, Richard Lowe-Webb, Roger McGuigan, David Kamm, Vicki Miller BE Awwal, AAS Dunne, AM Azechi, H Kruschwitz, BE TI Recent advances in automatic alignment system for the National Ignition Facility SO HIGH POWER LASERS FOR FUSION RESEARCH SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Power Lasers for Fusion Research CY JAN 25-27, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil DE control systems; laser alignment; National Ignition Facility; automatic alignment AB The automatic alignment system for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a large-scale parallel system that directs all 192 laser beams along the 300-m optical path to a 50-micron focus at target chamber in less than 50 minutes. The system automatically commands 9,000 stepping motors to adjust mirrors and other optics based upon images acquired from high-resolution digital cameras viewing beams at various locations. Forty-five control loops per beamline request image processing services running on a LINUX cluster to analyze these images of the beams and references, and automatically steer the beams toward the target. This paper discusses the upgrades to the NIF automatic alignment system to handle new alignment needs and evolving requirements as related to various types of experiments performed. As NIF becomes a continuously-operated system and more experiments are performed, performance monitoring is increasingly important for maintenance and commissioning work. Data, collected during operations, is analyzed for tuning of the laser and targeting maintenance work. Handling evolving alignment and maintenance needs is expected for the planned 30-year operational life of NIF. C1 [Wilhelmsen, Karl; Awwal, Abdul A. S.; Kalantar, Dan; Leach, Richard; Lowe-Webb, Roger; McGuigan, David; Kamm, Vicki Miller] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Integrated Comp Control Syst, Natl Ignit Facil, Laser Sci Engn & Operat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wilhelmsen, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Integrated Comp Control Syst, Natl Ignit Facil, Laser Sci Engn & Operat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wilhelmsen1@llnl.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-8453-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7916 AR 79160O DI 10.1117/12.878496 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BYA96 UT WOS:000297798700016 ER PT J AU Samudrala, GK Tsoi, G Stanishevsky, AV Montgomery, JM Vohra, YK Weir, ST AF Samudrala, Gopi K. Tsoi, Georgiy Stanishevsky, Andrei V. Montgomery, Jeffrey M. Vohra, Yogesh K. Weir, Samuel T. TI Conducting boron-doped single-crystal diamond films for high pressure research SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Epitaxial boron-doped diamond films were grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition for application as heating elements in high pressure diamond anvil cell devices. To a mixture of hydrogen, methane and oxygen, diborane concentrations of 240-1200 parts per million were added to prepare five diamond thin-film samples. Surface morphology has been observed to change depending on the amount of diborane added to the feed gas mixture. Single-crystal diamond film with a lowest room temperature resistivity of 18m Omega cm was fabricated and temperature variation of resistivity was studied to a low temperature of 12 K. The observed minima in resistivity values with temperature for these samples have been attributed to a change in conduction mechanism from band conduction to hopping conduction. We also present a novel fabrication methodology for monocrystalline electrically conducting channels in diamond and present preliminary heating data with a boron-doped designer diamond anvil to 620K at ambient pressure. C1 [Samudrala, Gopi K.; Tsoi, Georgiy; Stanishevsky, Andrei V.; Montgomery, Jeffrey M.; Vohra, Yogesh K.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Weir, Samuel T.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vohra, YK (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Phys, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM ykvohra@uab.edu RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012 FU National Nuclear Security Administration through US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG52-10NA29660]; Department of Education [P200A090143] FX This research was sponsored by the National Nuclear Security Administration under the Stewardship Science Academic Alliance program through the US Department of Energy (DOE), Grant No. DE-FG52-10NA29660. Jeffrey M. Montgomery acknowledges support from the Department of Education, Grant No. P200A090143. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 3 BP 388 EP 398 DI 10.1080/08957959.2011.603314 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 881IB UT WOS:000299475200003 ER PT J AU Yan, JY Chen, B Raju, S Knight, J Godwal, BK AF Yan, Jinyuan Chen, Bin Raju, Selva Knight, Jason Godwal, B. K. TI Investigation of phase transition of mercury decomposed from mercury oxide up to 20GPa SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE X-ray diffraction; mercury; mercury oxide; phase transition; space group ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; DIAGRAM; GPA; HG AB The high pressure behavior of mercury decomposed from mercury oxide up to 20.4 GPa was investigated using angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The results showed that liquid mercury solidified at 2.0 GPa and was resolved as alpha hexagonal, R-3m, a = 3.3743 +/- 0.0007 angstrom and c = 6.8199 +/- 0.0013 angstrom. When compressed up to 5.7 GPa, alpha mercury transformed into orthorhombic gamma phase directly, which is not the case of transforming from an alpha structure to a body-centered tetragonal structure (beta). The space group of orthorhombic gamma phase was interpreted successfully as Pmmn, with a = 2.7722 +/- 0.0010 angstrom, b = 4.0792 +/- 0.0028 angstrom and c = 6.8285 +/- 0.0029 angstrom at 8.9 GPa. C1 [Yan, Jinyuan; Chen, Bin; Raju, Selva; Knight, Jason] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Yan, Jinyuan; Chen, Bin; Raju, Selva] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Godwal, B. K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yan, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jyan@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the US Department of Energy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC03-76SF00098]; University of California, Berkeley, California.; COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences under NSF [EAR 06-49658] FX The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences Division, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California. COMPRES, the Consortium for Materials Properties Research in Earth Sciences, supported this project under NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR 06-49658 through funding of JY, BC and SVR as well as crucial beamline equipment. We thank S. M. Clark and A. Christy for technical assistance. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2011 VL 31 IS 4 BP 555 EP 559 DI 10.1080/08957959.2011.610317 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 881IC UT WOS:000299475400005 ER PT J AU Ni, PA Bieniosek, FM Waldron, WL AF Ni, P. A. Bieniosek, F. M. Waldron, W. L. TI Multi-channel optical pyrometer for sub-nanosecond temperature measurements at NDCX-I/II SO HIGH TEMPERATURES-HIGH PRESSURES LA English DT Article DE Pyrometer; warm-dense-matter; temperature measurement AB We present a detailed technical description of a fast multi-channel pyrometer designed for warm-dense-matter (WDM) experiments with intense heavy ion beams at the neutralized-drift-compression-experiment linear accelerator (NDCX-I/II) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The unique features of the described instrument are its sub-nanosecond temporal resolution (100 ps rise -time) and a broad range, 1,500 K - 12,000 K of measurable brightness temperatures in the visible and near-infrared regions of the spectrum. The working scheme, calibration procedure, experimental data obtained with the pyrometer and future applications are presented. C1 [Ni, P. A.; Bieniosek, F. M.; Waldron, W. L.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Ni, PA (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM pani@lbl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed under auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. The authors would like to thank Dr. Dmitry Nikolaev from IPCP, Russia for critical comments and consultations and Dr. Chris Weber for testing the pyrometer in the laser experiment. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 0018-1544 J9 HIGH TEMP-HIGH PRESS JI High Temp.-High Press. PY 2011 VL 40 IS 2 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics; Materials Science GA V27LJ UT WOS:000208614400004 ER PT B AU Hochanadel, PW Lienert, TJ Martinez, JN Martinez, RJ Johnson, MQ AF Hochanadel, P. W. Lienert, T. J. Martinez, J. N. Martinez, R. J. Johnson, M. Q. BE Lippold, J Bollinghaus, T Cross, CE TI Weld Solidification Cracking in 304 to 304L Stainless Steel SO HOT CRACKING PHENOMENA IN WELDS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Hot Cracking Phenomena Welds CY MAR, 2010 CL Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH SP Ohio State Univ, Edison Weld Inst HO Ohio State Univ ID SUSCEPTIBILITY; METAL C1 [Hochanadel, P. W.; Lienert, T. J.; Martinez, J. N.; Martinez, R. J.; Johnson, M. Q.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Hochanadel, PW (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. EM phoch@lanl.gov; lienert@lanl.gov; mqj@lanl.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-642-16863-5 PY 2011 BP 145 EP 160 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_9 PG 16 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BVN48 UT WOS:000291964400009 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Aluminum and Its Alloys SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEFORMATION; METALS C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200002 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Hot Deformation and Processing of Aluminum Alloys Preface SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP XIX EP XIX PG 1 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200001 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Metal Forming and Deformation Modes SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HOT-WORKING CHARACTERISTICS; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; STAINLESS-STEEL; 316-STAINLESS STEEL; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; FLOW-STRESS; RECOVERY; TEMPERATURE; STATE C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 129 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 21 EP 51 PG 31 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200003 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Hot Work Testing Techniques SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; DYNAMIC RESTORATION MECHANISMS; THERMALLY ACTIVATED PROCESS; CENTRED CUBIC METALS; HIGH STRAIN RATES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; STAINLESS-STEEL; THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSES C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 223 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 53 EP 86 PG 34 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200004 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Hot Working of Aluminum SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; DYNAMIC RESTORATION MECHANISMS; ENERGY-DISSIPATION EFFICIENCY; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STEADY-STATE CREEP; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; STRAIN-INDUCED BOUNDARIES; CENTRED CUBIC METALS; AL-MG-ALLOYS; DISLOCATION-STRUCTURES C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 303 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 87 EP 142 PG 56 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200005 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Hot Working of Dispersoid and Solute Alloys SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AL-MG-ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; AA5XXX ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DYNAMIC RESTORATION MECHANISMS; CHANGING STRAIN-RATE; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; STATIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; CONSTITUTIVE CONSTANTS; AL-5MG-0.8MN ALLOY; DEFORMED ALUMINUM C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 207 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 143 EP 190 PG 48 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200006 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Precipitation Hardening Alloys SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; CU-MN ALLOY; AL-MG-SI; HOT-WORKING CHARACTERISTICS; ALUMINUM-ALLOY; HOMOGENIZATION TREATMENTS; AL-5MG-0.8MN ALLOY; ZR ALLOY; WORKABILITY; EXTRUSION C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 122 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 191 EP 238 PG 48 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200007 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Aluminum Matrix Composites SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SILICON-CARBIDE; REINFORCED ALUMINUM; STABILITY-CRITERIA; DYNAMIC RECOVERY; HOT DEFORMATION; A356 ALLOY; PARTICULATE; BEHAVIOR; EXTRUSION; FIBER C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 239 EP 265 PG 27 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200008 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Comparison of Hot Working of Other Metals SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; ZIRCONIUM-TIN ALLOYS; M2 TOOL STEELS; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; STAINLESS-STEELS; TENSILE DEFORMATION; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ALPHA-IRON; WORKABILITY C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 141 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 267 EP 300 PG 34 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200009 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Creep Strain Rates below 10(-4) s(-1) SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HARPER-DORN CREEP; SOLID-SOLUTION ALLOYS; STEADY-STATE CREEP; POWER-LAW CREEP; HIGH-TEMPERATURE CREEP; INTERGRANULAR CAVITY GROWTH; HIGH-PURITY ALUMINUM; DISPERSION-STRENGTHENED ALLOYS; DISLOCATION NETWORK THEORY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY CAVITATION C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 198 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 301 EP 352 PG 52 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200010 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Cold Working SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; SUBMICRON-GRAINED STRUCTURE; LARGE-STRAIN DEFORMATION; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; STACKING-FAULT ENERGY; HIGH-ANGLE BOUNDARIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; HOT DEFORMATION; FLOW-STRESS C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 353 EP 382 PG 30 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200011 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Static Restoration, Annealing SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AA5XXX ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE DEFORMATION; HOT-WORKING; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; DEFORMED ALUMINUM; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES; STRESS-RELAXATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-CHANGE C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 383 EP 405 PG 23 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200012 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Thermomechanical Processing SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AL-MG-SI; ALUMINUM CONDUCTOR ALLOYS; HOT WORKABILITY; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; RESTORATION MECHANISMS; AL-5MG-0.8MN ALLOY; FATIGUE RESISTANCE; DEFORMED ALUMINUM; SUBGRAIN SIZE; DEFORMATION C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 172 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 407 EP 436 PG 30 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200013 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Superplasticity SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRAIN-RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; AL-MG ALLOY; ULTRAFINE-GRAINED ALUMINUM; RATE-CONTROLLING MECHANISM; SC ALLOY; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; 7475AL+0.7ZR ALLOY; RATE SENSITIVITY; CAVITY GROWTH; LIQUID-PHASE C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 113 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 437 EP 459 PG 23 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200014 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Extrusion SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AL-MG-SI; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; HOT WORKABILITY; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; AL-5MG-0.8MN ALLOY; RESTORATION MECHANISMS; TEMPERATURE RISE; MAGNESIUM ALLOYS; STRAIN RATES; DEFORMATION C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 152 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 461 EP 522 PG 62 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200015 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Rolling SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HIGH STRAIN RATES; HOT-WORKING; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION; RESTORATION; AL; TEMPERATURES; STRENGTH C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 523 EP 544 PG 22 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200016 ER PT B AU McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E AF McQueen, Hugh J. Spigarelli, Stefano Kassner, Michael E. Evangelista, Enrico BA McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E BF McQueen, HJ Spigarelli, S Kassner, ME Evangelista, E TI Hot and Cold Forging SO HOT DEFORMATION AND PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS SE Manufacturing Engineering and Materials Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENERGY-DISSIPATION EFFICIENCY; DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; FORMABILITY; EVOLUTION C1 [McQueen, Hugh J.] Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canada Ctr Mineral & Energy Technol, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Ecole Polytech, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Inst Met, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Inst Met Mat & Minerals, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McQueen, Hugh J.; Kassner, Michael E.; Evangelista, Enrico] Amer Soc Met, New Orleans, LA USA. [McQueen, Hugh J.] Canadian Soc Mech Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Politecn Marche, Fac Engn, Met, Ancona, Italy. [Spigarelli, Stefano] Univ Ancona, I-60128 Ancona, Italy. [Kassner, Michael E.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Mech Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Oregon State Univ, Interdisciplinary PhD Program Mat Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] Univ So Calif, Mat Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Kassner, Michael E.] ASME, Singapore, Singapore. [Kassner, Michael E.] AAAS, Washington, DC USA. [Evangelista, Enrico] Polytech Univ Ancona, Met Mech Engn, Ancona, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. [Evangelista, Enrico] Concordia Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McQueen, HJ (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Mat & Mfg Mech Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-1768-7; 978-1-57444-678-4 J9 MANUF ENG MATER PROC PY 2011 VL 75 BP 545 EP 564 PG 20 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC8DU UT WOS:000355559200017 ER PT S AU Kojo, T AF Kojo, Toru BE Bleicher, M Caines, H Sanchez, MCD DeFalco, A Fries, R DeCassagnac, RG Hippolyte, B Mischke, A Nardi, M Salgado, CA TI Quarkyonic Matter and Chiral Spirals SO HOT QUARKS 2010: WORKSHOP FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS ON THE PHYSICS OF ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop for Young Scientists on the Physics of Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-nucleus Collisions CY JUN 21-26, 2010 CL La Londe-Les-Maures, FRANCE SP IN2P3/CNRS, EMMI, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Natl Sci Fdn, CERN, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR, Xunta Galicia, Journal Phys G Nucl & Particle Phys ID LARGE N-C; DENSITY; QCD AB The nuclear matter, deconfined quark matter, and Quarkyonic matter in low temperature region are classified based on the 1/N(c) expansion. The chiral symmetry in the Quarkyonic matter is investigated by taking into account condensations of chiral particle-hole pairs. It is argued that the chiral symmetry and parity are locally violated by the formation of chiral spirals, ((psi) over bar exp(2i mu(q)z gamma(0)gamma(z))psi). An extension to multiple chiral spirals is also briefly discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kojo, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM torujj@quark.phy.bnl.gov RI Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015 OI Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 270 AR 012049 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/270/1/012049 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVN47 UT WOS:000291964000049 ER PT S AU Lamont, MAC AF Lamont, Matthew A. C. CA BNL EIC Sci Task Force BE Bleicher, M Caines, H Sanchez, MCD DeFalco, A Fries, R DeCassagnac, RG Hippolyte, B Mischke, A Nardi, M Salgado, CA TI Quantifying the glue - understanding the initial conditions at RHIC and the LHC SO HOT QUARKS 2010: WORKSHOP FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS ON THE PHYSICS OF ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop for Young Scientists on the Physics of Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY JUN 21-26, 2010 CL La Londe-Les-Maures, FRANCE SP IN2P3/CNRS, EMMI, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Natl Sci Fdn, CERN, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR (HIC FAIR), Xunta Galicia, Journal Phys G Nucl & Particle Phys AB Recent results on the suppression of hadrons at forward rapidities from the STAR collaboration indicate that high gluon densities play an important role in the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions. The study of these initial conditions is therefore crucial in the next stage of understanding and quantifying the data from RHIC and the LHC. The best way to perform these measurements is through Deep Inelastic Scattering measurements on nuclei. Currently, there are no accelerator facilities which are able to perform this measurement. In this paper, I will outline the latest developments of the eRHIC proposal at BNL as well as preliminary designs of a new detector as well as an assessment of the current detectors (PHENIX and STAR) abilities to run in an eRHIC era. C1 [Lamont, Matthew A. C.; BNL EIC Sci Task Force] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11777 USA. RP Lamont, MAC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11777 USA. EM macl@bnl.gov RI Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015 OI Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 270 AR 012057 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/270/1/012057 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVN47 UT WOS:000291964000057 ER PT S AU Ruan, LJ AF Ruan, Lijuan BE Bleicher, M Caines, H Sanchez, MCD DeFalco, A Fries, R DeCassagnac, RG Hippolyte, B Mischke, A Nardi, M Salgado, CA TI Heavy flavor in heavy ion collisions SO HOT QUARKS 2010: WORKSHOP FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS ON THE PHYSICS OF ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop for Young Scientists on the Physics of Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY JUN 21-26, 2010 CL La Londe-Les-Maures, FRANCE SP IN2P3/CNRS, EMMI, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Natl Sci Fdn, CERN, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR (HIC FAIR), Xunta Galicia, Journal Phys G Nucl & Particle Phys ID PLUS AU COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; STAR; QCD; COLLABORATION; DISSOCIATION; PERSPECTIVE; SPECTRA AB The recent results on heavy flavor at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider will be reviewed. The results on charm cross section, heavy flavor collectivity and energy loss, color screening effect and quarkonia production mechanism will be highlighted. Precise measurements with future detector upgrades will be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruan, LJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ruan@bnl.gov RI Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015 OI Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758 NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 270 AR 012025 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/270/1/012025 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVN47 UT WOS:000291964000025 ER PT S AU Silvestre, C AF Silvestre, Catherine CA CMS Collaboration BE Bleicher, M Caines, H Sanchez, MCD DeFalco, A Fries, R DeCassagnac, RG Hippolyte, B Mischke, A Nardi, M Salgado, CA TI Di-muon measurements in Pb plus Pb and p plus p collisions with CMS SO HOT QUARKS 2010: WORKSHOP FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS ON THE PHYSICS OF ULTRARELATIVISTIC NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop for Young Scientists on the Physics of Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions CY JUN 21-26, 2010 CL La Londe-Les-Maures, FRANCE SP IN2P3/CNRS, EMMI, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Natl Sci Fdn, CERN, Helmholtz Int Ctr FAIR, Xunta Galicia, Journal Phys G Nucl & Particle Phys AB Di-muons are especially relevant to study the properties of the strongly interacting QCD matter created in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC, since they are produced at early times and propagate through the medium, mapping its evolution. Simulations of CMS di-muon measurements in such an environment are presented in this paper. In particular, we show that CMS has very good detection conditions for the studies of J/psi and gamma production, with an excellent di-muon mass resolution and a rather good acceptance. CMS will also be able to measure Z(0) production in heavy ion collisions for the first time. Early corresponding p+p measurements are reviewed as they will serve as the baseline for the heavy ion measurements. C1 [Silvestre, Catherine; CMS Collaboration] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Silvestre, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM catherine.silvestre@cern.ch RI Mischke, Andre/D-3614-2011; Salgado, Carlos A./G-2168-2015 OI Salgado, Carlos A./0000-0003-4586-2758 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 270 AR 012037 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/270/1/012037 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BVN47 UT WOS:000291964000037 ER PT B AU Lofstead, J Polte, M Gibson, G Klasky, SA Schwan, K Oldfield, R Wolf, M Liu, Q AF Lofstead, Jay Polte, Milo Gibson, Garth Klasky, Scott A. Schwan, Karsten Oldfield, Ron Wolf, Matthew Liu, Qing GP ACM SIGARCH/UOA TI Six Degrees of Scientific Data: Reading Patterns for Extreme Scale Science IO SO HPDC 11: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUN 08-11, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP ACM SIGARCH, Univ Arizona DE ADIOS; HDF5; PnetCDF; logically contiguous; log-based; analysis; visualization; IO; Lustre; petascale AB Petascale science simulations generate 10s of TBs of application data per clay, much of it devoted to their check-point/restart fault tolerance mechanisms. Previous work demonstrated the importance of carefully managing such output to prevent application slowdown due to 10 blocking, resource contention negatively impacting simulation performance and to fully exploit the IO bandwidth available to the petascale machine. This paper takes a further step in understanding and managing extreme-scale IO. Specifically, its evaluations seek to understand how to efficiently read data for subsequent data analysis, visualization, checkpoint restart after a failure, and other read-intensive operations. In their entirety, these actions support the 'end-to-end' needs of scientists enabling the scientific processes being undertaken. Contributions include the following. First, working with application scientists, we define 'read' benchmarks that capture the common read patterns used by analysis codes. Second, these read patterns are used to evaluate different IO techniques at scale to understand the effects of alternative data sizes and organizations in relation to the performance seen by end users. Third, defining the novel notion of a 'data district' to characterize how data is organized for reads, we experimentally compare the read performance seen with the ADIOS middleware's log-based BP format to that seen by the logically contiguous NetCDF or HDF5 formats commonly used by analysis tools. Measurements assess the performance seen across patterns and with different data sizes, organizations, and read process counts. Outcomes demonstrate that high end-to-end 10 performance requires data organizations that offer flexibility in data layout and placement on parallel storage targets, including in ways that can make tradeoffs in the performance of data writes vs. reads. C1 [Lofstead, Jay; Oldfield, Ron] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lofstead, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Gibson, Garth/0000-0002-6656-7080 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-0552-5 PY 2011 BP 49 EP 60 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BVM70 UT WOS:000291897200006 ER PT B AU Hudson, R Norris, J Reid, LB Weide, K Jordan, GC Papka, ME AF Hudson, Randy Norris, John Reid, Lynn B. Weide, Klaus Jordan, G. Cal Papka, Michael E. GP ACM SIGARCH/UOA TI Experiences Using Smaash to Manage Data-Intensive Simulations SO HPDC 11: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 20TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH PERFORMANCE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing CY JUN 08-11, 2011 CL San Jose, CA SP ACM SIGARCH, Univ Arizona DE data capturing; archiving; massively parallel; FLASH; metadata management; simulation management ID CONFINED DETONATION MODEL; IA-SUPERNOVAE; SYSTEM; PHASE AB High performance scientific computer simulations created with such systems as the University of Chicago's FLASH code generate enormous amounts of data that must be captured, cataloged, and analyzed. Unless this is formally done, monitoring such simulations, tracking and reproducing old ones, and analyzing and archiving their output, can be haphazard and idiosyncratic. Smaash, a simulation management and analysis system that has been developed at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory, seeks to solve some of these problems by offering what approaches a single point of control and analysis, a metadata-base, and a set of tools that automate some of what scientists have been doing by hand. Smaash was designed to be independent of the particular simulation code, and is accessible from many computing platforms. It is automatic and standardized, and was built using open source software tools. Data security is considered throughout the process, yet users are insulated from onerous verification procedures. Because the system was developed with feedback from scientific users, its user interface reflects how scientists work in their daily life. We describe our system and a typical simulation it was designed to support. We illustrate its utility with several examples describing our experience of freeing scientists from the data manipulation phase to focus on the computational results and the analysis of high performance computing. C1 [Hudson, Randy; Norris, John; Weide, Klaus; Jordan, G. Cal] Univ Chicago, Flash Ctr Computat Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Papka, ME (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Computat Inst, Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL 60622 USA. EM hudson@mcs.anl.gov; jnorris@mcs.anl.gov; lynn.reid@csiro.au; klaus@flash.uchicago.edu; gjordan@flash.uchicago.edu; papka@anl.gov RI Reid, Lynn/A-7364-2011; 张, 红/F-9916-2011; OI Weide, Klaus/0000-0001-9869-9750 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-4503-0552-5 PY 2011 BP 205 EP 215 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BVM70 UT WOS:000291897200020 ER PT J AU Xing, L Cullin, JR Spitler, JD Im, P Fisher, DE AF Xing, Lu Cullin, James R. Spitler, Jeffrey D. Im, Piljae Fisher, Daniel E. TI Foundation heat exchangers for residential ground source heat pump systems-Numerical modeling and experimental validation SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE AB A newtype of ground heat exchanger that utilizes the excavation often made for basements or foundations has been proposed as an alternative to conventional ground heat exchangers. This article describes a numerical model that can be used to size these foundation heat exchanger (FHX) systems. The numerical model is a two-dimensional finite-volume model that considers a wide variety of factors, such as soil freezing and evapotranspiration. The FHX numerical model is validated with one year of experimental data collected at an experimental house located near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data-heat pump entering fluid temperatures typically within 1 degrees C (1.8 degrees F)-with minor discrepancies due to approximations, such as constant moisture content throughout the year, uniform evapotranspiration over the seasons, and lack of ground shading in the model. C1 [Xing, Lu; Cullin, James R.; Spitler, Jeffrey D.; Fisher, Daniel E.] Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. [Im, Piljae] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Xing, L (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. EM lxing@okstate.edu NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PY 2011 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1059 EP 1074 DI 10.1080/10789669.2011.605199 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 887VG UT WOS:000299958700013 ER PT B AU Vorobeychik, Y AF Vorobeychik, Yevgeniy BE Filipe, J Fred, A TI A GAME THEORETIC BIDDING AGENT FOR THE AD AUCTION GAME SO ICAART 2011: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGENTS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence CY JAN 28-30, 2011 CL Rome, ITALY SP Inst Syst & Technol Informat Control & Commun DE Bidding agents; Keyword auctions; Game theory AB TAC/AA (ad auction game) provides a forum for research into strategic bidding in keyword auctions to try out their ideas in an independently simulated setting. We describe an agent that successfully competed in the TAC/AA game, showing in the process how to operationalize game theoretic analysis to develop a very simple, yet highly competent agent. Specifically, we use simulation-based game theory to approximate equilibria in a restricted bidding strategy space, assess their robustness in a normative sense, and argue for relative plausibility of equilibria based on an analogy to a common agent design methodology. Finally, we offer some evidence for the efficacy of equilibrium predictions based on TAC/AA tournament data. C1 [Vorobeychik, Yevgeniy] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Vorobeychik, Y (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INSTICC-INST SYST TECHNOLOGIES INFORMATION CONTROL & COMMUNICATION PI SETUBAL PA AVENIDA D MANUEL L, 27A 2 ESQUERDO, SETUBAL, 2910-595, PORTUGAL BN 978-989-8425-41-6 PY 2011 BP 35 EP 44 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BG8JQ UT WOS:000392353500009 ER PT J AU Redmer, R Mattsson, TR Nettelmann, N French, M AF Redmer, Ronald Mattsson, Thomas R. Nettelmann, Nadine French, Martin TI The phase diagram of water and the magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Neptune, Interior; Uranus, Interior; Magnetic fields ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; GIANT PLANETS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; HIGH-PRESSURES; MELTING CURVE; INTERIORS; HYDROGEN; JUPITER; MODELS; ICE AB The interior of giant planets can give valuable information on formation and evolution processes of planetary systems. However, the interior and evolution of Uranus and Neptune is still largely unknown. In this paper, we compare water-rich three-layer structure models of these planets with predictions of shell structures derived from magnetic field models. Uranus and Neptune have unusual non-dipolar magnetic fields contrary to that of the Earth. Extensive three-dimensional simulations of Stanley and Bloxham (Stanley, S., Bloxham, J. [2004]. Nature 428, 151-153) have indicated that such a magnetic field is generated in a rather thin shell of at most 0.3 planetary radii located below the H/He rich outer envelope and a conducting core that is fluid but stably stratified. Interior models rely on equation of state data for the planetary materials which have usually considerable uncertainties in the high-pressure domain. We present interior models for Uranus and Neptune that are based on ab initio equation of state data for hydrogen, helium, and water as the representative of all heavier elements or ices. Based on a detailed high-pressure phase diagram of water we can specify the region where superionic water should occur in the inner envelope. This superionic region correlates well with the location of the stably-stratified region as found in the dynamo models. Hence we suggest a significant impact of the phase diagram of water on the generation of the magnetic fields in Uranus and Neptune. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Redmer, Ronald; Nettelmann, Nadine; French, Martin] Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. [Mattsson, Thomas R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Pulsed Power Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Nettelmann, Nadine] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Redmer, R (reprint author), Univ Rostock, Inst Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. EM ronald.redmer@uni-rostock.de; trmatts@sandia.-gov; nadinen@ucolick.org; martin.french@uni-rostock.de RI Redmer, Ronald/F-3046-2013 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Supercomputing Center North (HLRN); Computing Center of the University of Rostock; NNSA Science Campaigns; Lockheed Martin company [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We thank W. Lorenzen, B. Hoist, R. Neuhauser, M.P. Desjarlais and V.E. Fortov for helpful discussions and comments. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the Supercomputing Center North (HLRN), and the Computing Center of the University of Rostock. This work was supported by the NNSA Science Campaigns. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 57 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 44 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2011 VL 211 IS 1 BP 798 EP 803 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.08.008 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 709MK UT WOS:000286443600060 ER PT B AU Dalton, AC Gelston, GM Tate, LC AF Dalton, Angela C. Gelston, Gariann M. Tate, Lucas C. BE Callaos, N Savoie, M Siddique, M Zinn, CD TI Harnessing the Chaos: Understanding Barriers to Inter-organizational Communication and Collaboration within the Grid Network SO ICT&A 2011/DEMSET 2011: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS / INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DESIGN AND MODELING IN SCIENCE, EDUCATION, AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Int Conf on Information and Communication Technologies and Applications / Int Conf on Design and Modeling in Science, Education, and Technology CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE inter-organizational communication; collaboration; decision making; emergency response; network effectiveness; power grid C1 [Dalton, Angela C.; Gelston, Gariann M.; Tate, Lucas C.] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. FU Future Power Grid Initiative, a Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This research is supported by the Future Power Grid Initiative, a Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. We thank Henry Huang, Jeff Dagle, Paul Whitney, William Pike, and Garill Coles for their contributions. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-45-0 PY 2011 BP 306 EP 309 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG8PB UT WOS:000392562500058 ER PT J AU Adams, JJ Slimmer, SC Malkowski, TF Duoss, EB Lewis, JA Bernhard, JT AF Adams, Jacob J. Slimmer, Scott C. Malkowski, Thomas F. Duoss, Eric B. Lewis, Jennifer A. Bernhard, Jennifer T. TI Comparison of Spherical Antennas Fabricated via Conformal Printing: Helix, Meanderline, and Hybrid Designs SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Conformal printing; electrically small; impedance matching; quality factor; spherical antenna ID BANDWIDTH; IMPEDANCE AB The design tradeoffs between three spherically conformal electric monopoles-the spherical helix (SH), spherical meanderline (SM), and a hybrid design-are explored through both simulation and measurement. We show that the SH is efficient, but can be difficult to impedance match without external components. On the other hand, the SM antenna has a widely controllable impedance with slightly increased loss. Thus, a hybrid design is proposed that retains the desirable qualities of both the SH and SM. All three designs are fabricated using a conformal printing technique for comparison. We describe the design tradeoffs and physical insights gained through evaluating the efficiency, Q, and matching behavior of these antennas. C1 [Adams, Jacob J.; Bernhard, Jennifer T.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Slimmer, Scott C.; Lewis, Jennifer A.] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Malkowski, Thomas F.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Duoss, Eric B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Micro & Nano Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Adams, JJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Electromagnet Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jjadams@illinois.edu; slimmer@illinois.edu; tmalkowski@umail.ucsb.edu; duoss1@llnl.gov; jalewis@illinois.edu; jbernhar@illinois.edu RI Adams, Jacob/B-8953-2008; Adams, Jacob/F-8321-2016; OI Adams, Jacob/0000-0002-4253-9237; Bernhard, Jennifer/0000-0002-0929-387X FU Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program; US Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Materials Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46471] FX Manuscript received October 05, 2011; revised November 07, 2011; accepted November 19, 2011. Date of publication December 09, 2011; date of current version December 26, 2011. The work of J. J. Adams and S. C. Slimmer is supported by the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program. This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Materials Sciences, under Award DE-FG02-07ER46471. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 EI 1548-5757 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 10 BP 1425 EP 1428 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2178999 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 868ZJ UT WOS:000298565100001 ER PT J AU Schurig, D Eleftheriades, GV Smith, DR Tretyakov, SA AF Schurig, David Eleftheriades, George V. Smith, David R. Tretyakov, Sergei A. TI Guest Editorial: Special Cluster on Metamaterials SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDIA C1 [Schurig, David] Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Schurig, David] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Schurig, David] Duke Univ, Intelligence Community IC Postdoctoral Fellowship, Durham, NC USA. [Schurig, David] Calif Space Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. [Schurig, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Eleftheriades, George V.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Smith, David R.] Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Tretyakov, Sergei A.] St Petersburg State Tech Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Tretyakov, Sergei A.] St Petersburg State Tech Univ, Radiophys Dept, St Petersburg, Russia. [Tretyakov, Sergei A.] Aalto Univ, Dept Radio Sci & Engn, Aalto, Finland. RP Schurig, D (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RI Smith, David/E-4710-2012; Tretyakov, Sergei/G-2454-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 10 BP 1476 EP 1479 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2183989 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 887PJ UT WOS:000299940400001 ER PT J AU Basilio, LI Warne, LK Langston, WL Johnson, WA Sinclair, MB AF Basilio, Lorena I. Warne, L. K. Langston, W. L. Johnson, W. A. Sinclair, M. B. TI A Quick and Easy Simulation Procedure to Aid in Metamaterial Unit-Cell Design SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Effective media; metamaterial simulations; metamaterials; negative index AB In this letter, a simple simulation procedure is presented and used to design a negative-index metamaterial unit cell. The procedure is based upon full-wave simulations of a single unit cell where electric and magnetic drives are separated to significantly simplify the interpretation of the effective-media response. More specifically, by extracting polarizabilities from the far-field response of the resonator under these drive conditions, the effective-media parameters are shown to be nicely correlated with the resonant responses of the resonator. For the purposes of demonstrating this simulation procedure, a negative-index metamaterial design based on a composite unit cell containing a split-ring-resonator and z-dipole is employed as a straightforward example. C1 [Basilio, Lorena I.; Warne, L. K.; Langston, W. L.; Johnson, W. A.; Sinclair, M. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet Theory Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Basilio, LI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Electromagnet Theory Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM libasil@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1225 J9 IEEE ANTENN WIREL PR JI IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. PY 2011 VL 10 BP 1567 EP 1570 DI 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2171470 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 887PJ UT WOS:000299940400024 ER PT J AU Bethel, EW van Rosendale, J Southard, D Gaither, K Childs, H Brugger, E Ahern, S AF Bethel, E. Wes van Rosendale, John Southard, Dale Gaither, Kelly Childs, Hank Brugger, Eric Ahern, Sean TI Visualization at Supercomputing Centers: The Tale of Little Big Iron and the Three Skinny Guys SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bethel, E. Wes; Childs, Hank; Brugger, Eric] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [van Rosendale, John] Coll William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. [Gaither, Kelly] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Adv Computat Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Ahern, Sean] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bethel, EW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ewbethel@lbl.gov; johnvr@wm.edu; dsouthard@nvidia.com; kelly@tacc.utexas.edu; hchilds@lbl.gov; brugger1@llnl.gov; ahern@ornl.gov NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1109/MCG.2011.13 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 695SC UT WOS:000285391900010 PM 24807974 ER PT J AU Rambukkange, MP Verlinde, J Eloranta, EW Flynn, CJ Clothiaux, EE AF Rambukkange, Mahlon P. Verlinde, Johannes Eloranta, Edwin W. Flynn, Connor J. Clothiaux, Eugene E. TI Using Doppler Spectra to Separate Hydrometeor Populations and Analyze Ice Precipitation in Multilayered Mixed-Phase Clouds SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Cloud radar Doppler spectra; ice crystals; ice fall velocity; mixed-phase clouds ID RADAR; SHEBA; LIDAR; MOTIONS AB Multimodality of cloud radar Doppler spectra is used to partition cloud particle phases and separate distinct ice populations in the radar sample volume, thereby facilitating the analysis of individual ice showers in multilayered mixed-phase clouds. A 35-GHz cloud radar located at Barrow, Alaska, during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment collected the Doppler spectra. Data from a pair of collocated depolarization lidars confirmed the presence of two liquid cloud layers reported in this letter. Both of these cloud layers were embedded in ice precipitation yet maintained their liquid. The spectral separation of the ice precipitation yielded two distinct ice populations: the ice initiated within the two liquid cloud layers and the ice precipitation formed in the higher cloud layers. The comparisons of ice fall velocity-versus-radar reflectivity relationships derived for distinct showers reveal that a single relationship does not properly represent the ice showers during this period. C1 [Rambukkange, Mahlon P.; Verlinde, Johannes; Clothiaux, Eugene E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Eloranta, Edwin W.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Flynn, Connor J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rambukkange, MP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM verlinde@essc.psu.edu; eloranta@lidar.ssec.wisc.edu; connor.flynn@pnl.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-05ER64058, DE-FG02-90ER61071] FX Manuscript received March 8, 2010; revised May 5, 2010; accepted May 31, 2010. Date of publication July 26, 2010; date of current version December 27, 2010. This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Grants DE-FG02-05ER64058 and DE-FG02-90ER61071 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2010.2052781 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 701SP UT WOS:000285844000023 ER PT J AU Dyer, GC Aizin, GR Reno, JL Shaner, EA Allen, SJ AF Dyer, Gregory C. Aizin, Gregory R. Reno, John L. Shaner, Eric A. Allen, S. James TI Novel Tunable Millimeter-Wave Grating-Gated Plasmonic Detectors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE Bolometers; millimeter wave detectors; millimeter wave devices; plasmonics ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; TERAHERTZ RADIATION; ELECTRON-GAS; MODES AB We present the development of tunable, narrow-band plasmonic millimeter wave detectors. The current generation of this class of detector monolithically integrates a 2-D plasmonic absorber and a bolometric sensor in a GaAs/AlGaAs HEMT located at the vertex of a broad-band antenna. Response and transport measurements demonstrate absorption by high-order plasmon modes sensed by the integrated bolometer and with a two order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity and noise equivalent power over prior generations of 2-D plasmonic detectors. We compare these recent results with the state of the art in millimeter and submillimeter wave-detection technology. C1 [Dyer, Gregory C.; Allen, S. James] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Aizin, Gregory R.] CUNY, Kingsborough Coll, Dept Phys Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11235 USA. [Reno, John L.; Shaner, Eric A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dyer, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM gdyer@physics.ucsb.edu; gaizin@kingsborough.edu; jlreno@sandia.gov; eashabe@sandia.gov; allen@itst.ucsb.edu FU University of Buffalo National Science Foundation-Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Teams Terahertz Collaboratory [ECS0609146]; U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Army Research Office [W911NF-05-1-0031]; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA [FA9550-09-C-0168]; Physical Sciences, Inc., Andover, MA [FI011090528] FX This work was supported by the University of Buffalo National Science Foundation-Nanoscale Interdisciplinary Research Teams Terahertz Collaboratory under Grant ECS0609146, by the Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000, by the Army Research Office under Grant W911NF-05-1-0031, by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Arlington, VA under Contract FA9550-09-C-0168, and by Physical Sciences, Inc., Andover, MA under Agreement FI011090528. This work was performed, in part, at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research or Physical Sciences Inc. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 17 IS 1 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1109/JSTQE.2010.2049096 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 717YV UT WOS:000287086100011 ER PT S AU Knoll, A Thelen, S Wald, I Hansen, CD Hagen, H Papka, ME AF Knoll, Aaron Thelen, Sebastian Wald, Ingo Hansen, Charles D. Hagen, Hans Papka, Michael E. BE DiBattista, G Fekete, JD Qu, H TI Full-Resolution Interactive CPU Volume Rendering with Coherent BVH Traversal SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM 2011 SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium CY MAR 01-04, 2011 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, IEEE Comp Soc ID RAY; GPU AB We present an efficient method for volume rendering by raycasting on the CPU. We employ coherent packet traversal of an implicit bounding volume hierarchy, heuristically pruned using preintegrated transfer functions, to exploit empty or homogeneous space. We also detail SIMD optimizations for volumetric integration, trilinear interpolation, and gradient lighting. The resulting system performs well on low-end and laptop hardware, and can outperform out-of-core GPU methods by orders of magnitude when rendering large volumes without level-of-detail (LOD) on a workstation. We show that, while slower than GPU methods for low-resolution volumes, an optimized CPU renderer does not require LOD to achieve interactive performance on large data sets. C1 [Knoll, Aaron; Papka, Michael E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Thelen, Sebastian; Hansen, Charles D.] TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany. [Wald, Ingo] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. [Hansen, Charles D.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Knoll, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM knoll@mcs.anl.gov; s_thelen@informatik.uni-kl.de; ingo.wald@intel.com; hansen@cs.utah.edu; hagen@informatik.uni-kl.de; papka@anl.gov FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Science; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Computational Postdoctoral Fellowship at Argonne National Laboratory under the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act; German Science Foundation (DFG) International Research Training Group [RTG 1131] FX This work was supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357; the Computational Postdoctoral Fellowship at Argonne National Laboratory under the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, and the German Science Foundation (DFG) International Research Training Group (RTG 1131). The authors thank Younis Hijazi, Carson Brownlee, Thiago Ize, and Jens Krueger for their help and insights. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-61284-932-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2011 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEJ08 UT WOS:000316816300001 ER PT S AU Bhatia, H Jadhav, S Bremer, PT Chen, GN Levine, JA Nonato, LG Pascucci, V AF Bhatia, Harsha Jadhav, Shreeraj Bremer, Peer-Timo Chen, Guoning Levine, Joshua A. Nonato, Luis Gustano Pascucci, Valerio BE DiBattista, G Fekete, JD Qu, H TI Edge Maps: Representing Flow with Bounded Error SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM 2011 SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium CY MAR 01-04, 2011 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, IEEE Comp Soc DE Vector Fields; Error Quantification; Edge Maps ID VECTOR FIELD TOPOLOGY; MORSE-SMALE COMPLEXES; DESIGN; VISUALIZATION; SURFACES AB Robust analysis of vector fields has been established as an important tool for deriving insights from the complex systems these fields model. Many analysis techniques rely on computing streamlines, a task often hampered by numerical instabilities. Approaches that ignore the resulting errors can lead to inconsistencies that may produce unreliable visualizations and ultimately prevent in-depth analysis. We propose a new representation for vector fields on surfaces that replaces numerical integration through triangles with linear maps defined on its boundary. This representation, called edge maps, is equivalent to computing all possible streamlines at a user defined error threshold. In spite of this error, all the streamlines computed using edge maps will be pairwise disjoint. Furthermore, our representation stores the error explicitly, and thus can be used to produce more informative visualizations. Given a piecewise-linear interpolated vector field, a recent result [15] shows that there are only 23 possible map classes for a triangle, permitting a concise description of flow behaviors. This work describes the details of computing edge maps, provides techniques to quantify and refine edge map error, and gives qualitative and visual comparisons to more traditional techniques. C1 [Bhatia, Harsha; Jadhav, Shreeraj; Chen, Guoning; Levine, Joshua A.; Pascucci, Valerio] Univ Utah, SCI Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Bremer, Peer-Timo] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Lawrence, KS 54912 USA. [Nonato, Luis Gustano] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Bhatia, H (reprint author), Univ Utah, SCI Inst, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM hbhatia@sci.utah.edu; jadhav@sci.utah.edu; bremer5@llnl.gov; chengu@sci.utah.edu; jlevine@sci.utah.edu; gnonato@icmc.usp.br; pascucci@sci.utah.edu RI Nonato, Luis Gustavo/D-5782-2011 FU National Science Foundation [IIS-1045032, OCI-0904631, OCI-0906379, CCF0702817]; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) [KUS-C1-016-04]; U.S. Department of Energy; University of Utah [DE-SC0001922, DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-FC02-06ER25781]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC5207NA27344] FX This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation awards IIS-1045032, OCI-0904631, OCI-0906379 and CCF0702817, and by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Award No. KUS-C1-016- 04. This work was also performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of Utah under contracts DE-SC0001922, DE-AC52-07NA27344, and DE-FC02-06ER25781, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under contract DE-AC5207NA27344. We are grateful to Jackie Chen for the dataset from Figure 11, Robert S. Laramee for the diesel engine dataset from Figure 13, and Paul Miller, William Cabot, and Andrew Cook for the bubbles dataset from Figure 14. Attila Gyulassy and Philippe P. Pebay provided many useful comments and discussions. LLNLPROC-463631. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-61284-932-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2011 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEJ08 UT WOS:000316816300010 ER PT S AU Wei, JS Yu, HF Grout, RW Chen, JH Ma, KL AF Wei, Jishang Yu, Hongfeng Grout, Ray W. Chen, Jacqueline H. Ma, Kwan-Liu BE DiBattista, G Fekete, JD Qu, H TI Dual Space Analysis of Turbulent Combustion Particle Data SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM 2011 SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium CY MAR 01-04, 2011 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, IEEE Comp Soc ID INTERACTIVE VISUAL ANALYSIS; EM ALGORITHM; LIKELIHOOD AB Current simulations of turbulent flames are instrumented with particles to capture the dynamic behavior of combustion in next-generation engines. Categorizing the set of many millions of particles, each of which is featured with a history of its movement positions and changing thermo-chemical states, helps understand the turbulence mechanism. We introduce a dual-space method to analyze such data, starting by clustering the time series curves in the phase space of the data, and then visualizing the corresponding trajectories of each cluster in the physical space. To cluster time series curves, we adopt a model-based clustering technique in a two-stage scheme. In the first stage, the characteristics of shape and relative position are particularly concerned in classifying the time series curves, and in the second stage, within each group of curves, clustering is further conducted based on how the curves change over time. In our work, we perform the model-based clustering in a semi-supervised manner. Users' domain knowledge is integrated through intuitive interaction tools to steer the clustering process. Our dual-space method has been used to analyze particle data in combustion simulations and can also be applied to other scientific simulations involving particle trajectory analysis work. C1 [Wei, Jishang; Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yu, Hongfeng; Chen, Jacqueline H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Grout, Ray W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jswei@ucdavis.edu; hyu@sandia.gov; Ray.Grout@nrel.gov; jhchen@sandia.gov; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu FU U.S. National Science Foundation [ACI-0749227, OCI-0950008, OCI0850566]; U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program [FC02-06ER25777] FX This research was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation through grants ACI-0749227, OCI- 0950008, and OCI0850566, and the U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program with Award No. DE- FC02-06ER25777. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-61284-932-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2011 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEJ08 UT WOS:000316816300012 ER PT S AU Wang, CL Yu, HF Grout, RW Ma, KL Chen, JH AF Wang, Chaoli Yu, Hongfeng Grout, Ray W. Ma, Kwan-Liu Chen, Jacqueline H. BE DiBattista, G Fekete, JD Qu, H TI Analyzing Information Transfer in Time-Varying Multivariate Data SO IEEE PACIFIC VISUALIZATION SYMPOSIUM 2011 SE IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium CY MAR 01-04, 2011 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, IEEE Comp Soc ID VISUAL ANALYSIS; VISUALIZATION; FLOW AB Effective analysis and visualization of time-varying multivariate data is crucial for understanding complex and dynamic variable interaction and temporal evolution. Advances made in this area are mainly on query-driven visualization and correlation exploration. Solutions and techniques that investigate the important aspect of causal relationships among variables have not been sought. In this paper, we present a new approach to analyzing and visualizing time-varying multivariate volumetric and particle data sets through the study of information flow using the information-theoretic concept of transfer entropy. We employ time plot and circular graph to show information transfer for an overview of relations among all pairs of variables. To intuitively illustrate the influence relation between a pair of variables in the visualization, we modulate the color saturation and opacity for volumetric data sets and present three different visual representations, namely, ellipse, smoke, and metaball, for particle data sets. We demonstrate this information-theoretic approach and present our findings with three time-varying multivariate data sets produced from scientific simulations. C1 [Wang, Chaoli] Michigan Tech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Yu, Hongfeng; Chen, Jacqueline H.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Grout, Ray W.] NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ma, Kwan-Liu] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Michigan Tech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM chaoliw@mtu.edu; hyu@sandia.gov; ray.grout@nrel.gov; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu; jhchen@sandia.gov FU Michigan Technological University; U.S. National Science Foundation [IIS-1017935, OCI-0749227, OCI-00905008, OCI-0850566]; U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program [DE-FC02-06ER25777]; DOE SciDAC Program; Sandia Corporation; Lockheed Martin Company; DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by Michigan Technological University startup fund, the U.S. National Science Foundation through grants IIS-1017935, OCI-0749227, OCI-00905008, and OCI-0850566, and the U.S. Department of Energy through the SciDAC program with Award No. DE-FC02-06ER25777. The work at the Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was supported by the DOE SciDAC Program. SNL is a multi-programme laboratory operated by the Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the DOE under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2165-8765 BN 978-1-61284-932-4 J9 IEEE PAC VIS SYMP PY 2011 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BEJ08 UT WOS:000316816300013 ER PT J AU Marchiori, A Hakkarinen, D Han, Q Earle, L AF Marchiori, Alan Hakkarinen, Douglas Han, Qi Earle, Lieko TI Circuit-Level Load Monitoring for Household Energy Management SO IEEE PERVASIVE COMPUTING LA English DT Article C1 [Marchiori, Alan; Han, Qi] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Earle, Lieko] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Elect Resources & Bldg Syst Integrat Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Marchiori, A (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM amarchio@mines.edu; dhakkari@mines.edu; qhan@mines.edu; lieko.earle@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1536-1268 EI 1558-2590 J9 IEEE PERVAS COMPUT JI IEEE Pervasive Comput. PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1109/MPRV.2010.72 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 701SB UT WOS:000285842200008 ER PT J AU Allen, DG Hargett, T Reno, JL Zinn, AA Wanke, MC AF Allen, Dan G. Hargett, Terry Reno, John L. Zinn, Alfred A. Wanke, Michael C. TI Index Tuning for Precise Frequency Selection of Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Distributed-feedback devices; laser tuning; local oscillators; quantum cascade devices; submillimeter wave devices ID METAL WAVE-GUIDES AB We demonstrate precise shifts of terahertz quantum cascade laser frequencies by micron-scale changes to the duty cycle of a distributed-feedback grating, which alters the mode index, as an alternative to nanometer scale changes to the grating pitch. This method allows fabrication of lasers within a couple of gigahertz of a specific target frequency, enabling the temperature/bias to be independently optimized. Waveguides incorporating a central stripe were found to promote lasing on the fundamental lateral (TM00) mode, while an added oxide refill and metal cap made the lasers insensitive to wire bond locations for improved longitudinal mode control. C1 [Allen, Dan G.; Hargett, Terry; Reno, John L.; Wanke, Michael C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Zinn, Alfred A.] Lockheed Martin Space Syst, Palo Alto, CA 94089 USA. RP Allen, DG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dgallen@sandia.gov; twharge@sandia.gov; jlreno@sandia.gov; alfred.a.zinn@lmco.com; mcwanke@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Sandia LDRD; Lockheed Martin Shared Vision FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. This work was supported by the Lockheed Martin Shared Vision and Sandia LDRD programs. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 23 IS 1 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1109/LPT.2010.2090345 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 697JB UT WOS:000285508700006 ER PT J AU Milberg, J Schlenker, A AF Milberg, Joshua Schlenker, Ann TI Plug into the Future SO IEEE POWER & ENERGY MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Milberg, Joshua] Chicago Dept Environm, Chicago, IL USA. [Schlenker, Ann] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Milberg, J (reprint author), Chicago Dept Environm, Chicago, IL USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1540-7977 J9 IEEE POWER ENERGY M JI IEEE Power Energy Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2011 VL 9 IS 1 BP 56 EP 65 DI 10.1109/MPE.2010.939162 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 701SI UT WOS:000285843200006 ER PT J AU Sanghavi, R Nandasiri, M Kuchibhatla, S Jiang, WL Varga, T Nachimuthu, P Engelhard, MH Shutthanandan, V Thevuthasan, S Kayani, A Prasad, S AF Sanghavi, Rahul Nandasiri, Manjula Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana Jiang, Weilin Varga, Tamas Nachimuthu, Ponnusamy Engelhard, Mark H. Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai Kayani, Asghar Prasad, Shalini TI Thickness Dependency of Thin-Film Samaria-Doped Ceria for Oxygen Sensing SO IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Hysteresis; oxygen sensor; samaria-doped ceria (SDC); thin film ID SEMICONDUCTING METAL-OXIDES; GAS SENSOR; RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS; COMBUSTION GAS; TEMPERATURE AB High-temperature oxygen sensors are widely used for exhaust gas monitoring in automobiles. This particular study explores the use of thin-film single crystalline samaria-doped ceria as the oxygen sensing material. Desired signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved in a material system with high conductance. From previous studies, it is established that 6 atomic percent samarium doping is the optimum concentration for thin-film samaria-doped ceria (SDC) to achieve high ionic conductivity. In this study, the conductance of the 6 atomic percent samaria-doped ceria (SDC) thin film is measured as a function of the sensing film thickness. Hysteresis and dynamic response of this sensing platform are tested for a range of oxygen pressures from 0.001 to 100 torr for temperatures above 673 K. An attempt has been made to understand the physics behind the thickness-dependent conductance of this sensing platform by developing a hypothetical operating model and through COMSOL simulations. This study can be used to identify the parameters required to construct a fast, reliable, and compact high-temperature oxygen sensor. C1 [Sanghavi, Rahul; Prasad, Shalini] Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Nandasiri, Manjula; Kayani, Asghar] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Phys, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Nandasiri, Manjula; Kuchibhatla, Satyanarayana; Jiang, Weilin; Varga, Tamas; Nachimuthu, Ponnusamy; Engelhard, Mark H.; Shutthanandan, Vaithiyalingam; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai] EMSL, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Jiang, Weilin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Sanghavi, R (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM Shalini.Prasad.1@asu.edu; satya@pnl.gov; theva@pnl.gov RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010 FU Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This research was performed in part using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. Bernhard Jakoby. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-437X J9 IEEE SENS J JI IEEE Sens. J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 11 IS 1 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1109/JSEN.2010.2050766 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 678QE UT WOS:000284094100009 ER PT J AU Wohlberg, B AF Wohlberg, Brendt TI Inpainting by Joint Optimization of Linear Combinations of Exemplars SO IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Image inpainting; image completion; exemplar; patch; block; sparse representation AB Exemplar-based methods, in which actual image blocks are used to fill in missing content, have achieved state of the art performance in image inpainting. The majority of these adopt a progressive approach, filling in the missing region inwards from the boundary. The final result is highly dependent on fill order, and while significant progress has been made on the choice of this order, the greedy nature of such a process leads to artifacts in some cases. The alternative exemplar-based approach proposed here is defined via joint optimization of a single functional, simultaneously assigning an estimated value to the entire inpainting region. The results are found to be highly competitive with other recent inpainting methods. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wohlberg, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM brendt@lanl.gov RI Wohlberg, Brendt/M-7764-2015 OI Wohlberg, Brendt/0000-0002-4767-1843 FU NNSA's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX This work was supported by the NNSA's Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Kenneth E. Barner. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1070-9908 EI 1558-2361 J9 IEEE SIGNAL PROC LET JI IEEE Signal Process. Lett. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 IS 1 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1109/LSP.2010.2095842 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 697NP UT WOS:000285520600001 ER PT J AU Sundaresan, A Varshney, PK Rao, NSV AF Sundaresan, Ashok Varshney, Pramod K. Rao, Nageswara S. V. TI Copula-Based Fusion of Correlated Decisions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SENSOR DETECTION SYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTED DETECTION; LOCAL DECISIONS; COMPLEXITY; EXAMPLES AB Detection of random signals under a distributed setting is considered. Due to the random nature of the spatial phenomenon being observed, the sensor decisions collected at the fusion center are correlated. Assuming that local detectors are single threshold binary quantizers, a novel approach for the fusion of correlated decisions is proposed using the theory of copulas. The proposed approach assumes only the knowledge of the marginal distribution of sensor observations but no prior knowledge of their joint distribution. Using a Neyman-Pearson (NP) framework for detection at the fusion center, the optimal fusion rule is derived. An example involving the detection of nuclear radiation is presented to illustrate the proposed approach, and results demonstrating the efficiency of the copula-based fusion rule are shown. C1 [Sundaresan, Ashok; Varshney, Pramod K.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Rao, Nageswara S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Sundaresan, A (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM varshney@ecs.syr.edu OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 FU UT Battelle, LLC [4000053980]; Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX This material is based on work supported by UT Battelle, LLC Subcontract 4000053980, with funding originating from Department of Energy Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9251 J9 IEEE T AERO ELEC SYS JI IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 454 EP 471 DI 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705686 PG 18 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 715YO UT WOS:000286931800032 ER PT J AU Liserre, M Balcells, J Basso, T Bialasiewicz, JT Cecati, C Chakraborty, S Guerrero, JM Kazerani, M Kupzog, F Nasiri, A Palensky, P Rodriguez, J Rodriguez, P Sauter, T Teodorescu, R AF Liserre, Marco Balcells, Josep Basso, Thomas Bialasiewicz, Jan T. Cecati, Carlo Chakraborty, Sudipta Guerrero, Josep M. Kazerani, Mehrdad Kupzog, Friederich Nasiri, Adel Palensky, Peter Rodriguez, Jose Rodriguez, Pedro Sauter, Thilo Teodorescu, Remus TI SPECIAL SECTION ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS-PART I SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Liserre, Marco] Polytech Univ Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. [Balcells, Josep] Univ Politech Catalunya, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Basso, Thomas; Chakraborty, Sudipta] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bialasiewicz, Jan T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Cecati, Carlo] Univ Aquila, Elect & Informat Engn Dept, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. [Guerrero, Josep M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Dept Automat Control Syst & Comp Engn, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Kazerani, Mehrdad] Univ Waterloo, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Kupzog, Friederich] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Comp Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Nasiri, Adel] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Palensky, Peter] AIT, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. [Rodriguez, Jose] Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso 110 V, Chile. [Rodriguez, Pedro] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Elect Engn, Res Grp Renewable Elect Energy Syst, Barcelona 08036, Spain. [Sauter, Thilo] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Integraded Sensor Syst, A-2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria. [Teodorescu, Remus] Univ Aalborg, Inst Energy Technol, Power Elect & Drives Dept, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. RP Liserre, M (reprint author), Polytech Univ Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy. RI Rodriguez, Jose/A-2534-2013; RODRIGUEZ, PEDRO/C-8038-2013; Palensky, Peter/J-7238-2013; Guerrero, Josep/D-5519-2014; Balcells, Josep/F-2942-2016; researchers, ac3e/N-2008-2016; Teodorescu, Remus/O-5224-2015 OI Palensky, Peter/0000-0003-3183-4705; Guerrero, Josep/0000-0001-5236-4592; Balcells, Josep/0000-0001-7173-1255; Teodorescu, Remus/0000-0002-2617-7168 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0278-0046 J9 IEEE T IND ELECTRON JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1109/TIE.2010.2085210 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 693TS UT WOS:000285248900001 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Edwards, N Villanueva, D Krishna, S McDaniel, T Panchanathan, S AF Rosenthal, Jacob Edwards, Nathan Villanueva, Daniel Krishna, Sreekar McDaniel, Troy Panchanathan, Sethuraman TI Design, Implementation, and Case Study of a Pragmatic Vibrotactile Belt SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Human factors; situational awareness; tactile displays; user-centered design; vibrotactile learning tool AB Recently, much research in the area of haptic technologies has focused on the development of waist-worn vibrotactile belts as substitution or augmentation modalities for audio-visual information. Vibrotactile belts have been used in varied applications, such as navigational aids, spatial orientation display, and balance control. Researchers have mostly focused on the functionality of these vibrotactile belts for specific applications while neglecting performance and usability. Considering the versatility of a vibrotactile belt, we previously conducted a study on the design requirements for vibrotactile belts and introduced an implementation based on these design guidelines. This paper builds on our previous work and provides details for the implementation of a ubiquitous wearable vibrotactile belt. A case study is presented in which the proposed belt was used by a researcher for a novel application of teaching participants choreographed dance. The usability of the belt is demonstrated from the researcher's perspective in terms of functionality and performance and from the participants' perspectives in terms of usability attributes such as comfort and unobtrusiveness. C1 [Rosenthal, Jacob; Villanueva, Daniel; Krishna, Sreekar; McDaniel, Troy; Panchanathan, Sethuraman] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Edwards, Nathan] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM sreekar.krishna@asu.edu NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 60 IS 1 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1109/TIM.2010.2065830 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 691AN UT WOS:000285052800012 ER PT J AU Katzenmeyer, AM Leonard, F Talin, AA Toimil-Molares, ME Cederberg, JG Huang, JY Lensch-Falk, JL AF Katzenmeyer, A. M. Leonard, F. Talin, A. A. Toimil-Molares, M. E. Cederberg, J. G. Huang, J. Y. Lensch-Falk, J. L. TI Observation of Space-Charge-Limited Transport in InAs Nanowires SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carrier concentration; InAs; mobility; nanowires (NWs); space-charge-limited (SCL) ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ACCUMULATION LAYER; ELECTRON-MOBILITY; SURFACES; FILM AB Recent theory and experiment have suggested that space-charge-limited (SCL) transport should be prevalent in high aspect ratio semiconducting nanowires (NWs). We report on InAs NWs exhibiting this mode of transport and utilize the underlying theory to determine the mobility and effective carrier concentration of individual NWs, both of which are found to be diameter dependent. Intentionally induced failure by Joule heating supports the notion of SCL transport and proposes reduced thermal conductivity due to the NWs' polymorphism. C1 [Katzenmeyer, A. M.; Leonard, F.; Talin, A. A.; Toimil-Molares, M. E.; Lensch-Falk, J. L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Katzenmeyer, A. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Talin, A. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toimil-Molares, M. E.] GSI Helmholtzzentrum Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. [Cederberg, J. G.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Katzenmeyer, AM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fleonar@sandia.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008; Toimil-Molares, Maria Eugenia/C-5946-2015; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014 OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development at Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX Manuscript received December 22, 2009; accepted July 14, 2010. Date of publication July 29, 2010; date of current version January 26, 2011. This work was supported in part by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, and in part by the Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor M. M. De Souza. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 92 EP 95 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2010.2062198 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 715ZF UT WOS:000286933800016 ER PT J AU Lasseter, RH Eto, JH Schenkman, B Stevens, J Vollkommer, H Klapp, D Linton, E Hurtado, H Roy, J AF Lasseter, R. H. Eto, J. H. Schenkman, B. Stevens, J. Vollkommer, H. Klapp, D. Linton, E. Hurtado, H. Roy, J. TI CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article DE CHP; uninterruptible power supply (UPS); distributed generation; intentional islanding; inverters; microgrid; CERTS; power versus frequency droop; voltage droop AB The CERTS Microgrid concept captures the emerging potential of distributed generation using a system approach. CERTS views generation and associated loads as a subsystem or a "microgrid." The sources can operate in parallel to the grid or can operate in island, providing uninterruptible power-supply services. The system can disconnect from the utility during large events (i.e., faults, voltage collapses), but may also intentionally disconnect when the quality of power from the grid falls below certain standards. CERTS Microgrid concepts were demonstrated at a full-scale test bed built near Columbus, OH, and operated by American Electric Power. The testing fully confirmed earlier research that had been conducted initially through analytical simulations, then through laboratory emulations, and finally through factory acceptance testing of individual microgrid components. The islanding and resynchronization method met all Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard 1547 and power-quality requirements. The electrical protection system was able to distinguish between normal and faulted operation. The controls were found to be robust under all conditions, including difficult motor starts and high impedance faults. C1 [Lasseter, R. H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Eto, J. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Schenkman, B.; Stevens, J.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Vollkommer, H.; Klapp, D.] Amer Elect Power Co, Dolan Technol Ctr, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. [Linton, E.; Hurtado, H.] No Power Syst, Waitsfield, VT 05673 USA. [Roy, J.] Tecogen Inc, Waltham, MA 02451 USA. RP Lasseter, RH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. EM lasseter@engr.wisc.edu; JHEto@lbl.gov; blschen@sandia.gov; htvollkommer@aep.com; daklapp@aep.com; elinton@northernpower.com; HHurtado@northern-power.com; Jean.Roy@Tecogen.com FU California Energy Commission [500-02-004] FX This work was supported by the Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program of the California Energy Commission under Contract No. 500-02-004, Commission Work Authorization No: MR-041. Paper no. TPWRD-00220-2009. NR 10 TC 137 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 26 IS 1 BP 325 EP 332 DI 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2051819 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 701TF UT WOS:000285845600037 ER PT J AU Omitaomu, OA Jeong, MK Badiru, AB AF Omitaomu, Olufemi A. Jeong, Myong K. Badiru, Adedeji B. TI Online Support Vector Regression With Varying Parameters for Time-Dependent Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article DE Condition monitoring; inferential sensing; online prediction; support vector machine; system diagnosis ID SYSTEMS; TESTS; NOISE AB Support vector regression (SVR) is a machine learning technique that continues to receive interest in several domains, including manufacturing, engineering, and medicine. In order to extend its application to problems in which data sets arrive constantly and in which batch processing of the data sets is infeasible or expensive, an accurate online SVR (AOSVR) technique was proposed. The AOSVR technique efficiently updates a trained SVR function whenever a sample is added to or removed from the training set without retraining the entire training data. However, the AOSVR technique assumes that the new samples and the training samples are of the same characteristics; hence, the same value of SVR parameters is used for training and prediction. This assumption is not applicable to data samples that are inherently noisy and nonstationary, such as sensor data. As a result, we propose AOSVR with varying parameters that uses varying SVR parameters rather than fixed SVR parameters and hence accounts for the variability that may exist in the samples. To accomplish this objective, we also propose a generalized weight function to automatically update the weights of SVR parameters in online monitoring applications. The proposed function allows for lower and upper bounds for SVR parameters. We tested our proposed approach and compared results with the conventional AOSVR approach using two benchmark time-series data and sensor data from a nuclear power plant. The results show that using varying SVR parameters is more applicable to time-dependent data. C1 [Omitaomu, Olufemi A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jeong, Myong K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08854 USA. [Jeong, Myong K.] Rutgers State Univ, RUTCOR, New Brunswick, NJ 08854 USA. [Jeong, Myong K.] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Syst Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Badiru, Adedeji B.] USAF, Inst Technol, Dept Syst & Engn Management, AFIT ENV, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Omitaomu, OA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM omitaomuoa@ornl.gov; mjeong@rci.rutgers.edu; Adedeji.Badiru@afit.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1083-4427 EI 1558-2426 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 41 IS 1 BP 191 EP 197 DI 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2055156 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 678QQ UT WOS:000284095400018 ER PT J AU McCloy, JS Korolev, KA Li, ZJ Afsar, MN Sundaram, SK AF McCloy, John S. Korolev, Konstantin A. Li, Zijing Afsar, Mohammed N. Sundaram, Shanmugavelayutham K. TI Millimeter-Wave Dielectric Properties of Single-Crystal Ferroelectric and Dielectric Materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FREE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS; SOFT-MODE SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; BISMUTH-GERMANATE; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; STRONTIUM-TITANATE; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; DOMAIN CRYSTALS AB Transmittance measurements on various single crystal ferroelectric and dielectric materials, BaTiO3, SrTiO3, LiNbO3, LiTaO3, (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3)(0.73)-(PbTiO3)(0.27), LaAlO3, and Bi4Ge3O12,, over a broad millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency range have been performed. Frequency dependence of the complex dielectric permittivity has been measured in the MMW region using high-power sources for the first time, using a free-space, quasi-optical MMW spectrometer equipped with high-power backward wave oscillators (BWOs) as sources of coherent radiation, tunable in the range from 30 to 120 and 180 to 260 GHz. These results are compared with MMW permittivity of these materials obtained by other methods as well as to RF, microwave, and optical frequency permittivities for all the materials tested. The effects of both crystallographic orientation and quality of the surface polishing of the crystals have been examined. Uncertainties and possible sources of instrumentation and measurement errors related to the free-space MMW technique are discussed. This work demonstrates that precise MMW permittivity data can be obtained even on relatively small and thin crystals of different surface conditions and orientations using the high-power BWO-based quasi-optical approach. C1 [McCloy, John S.; Sundaram, Shanmugavelayutham K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Glass & Mat Sci Team, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Korolev, Konstantin A.; Li, Zijing; Afsar, Mohammed N.] Tufts Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, High Frequency Mat Measurement & Informat Ctr, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Korolev, Konstantin A.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Korolev, Konstantin A.] Extremely High Frequency Med & Tech Assoc, Moscow, Russia. RP McCloy, JS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Glass & Mat Sci Team, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM john.mccloy@pnl.gov RI Afsar, Mohammed/H-5930-2013; McCloy, John/D-3630-2013 OI McCloy, John/0000-0001-7476-7771 FU Defense Threat Research Agency [09-46921]; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Threat Research Agency grant number 09-46921. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2011.1770 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 708TB UT WOS:000286386100003 PM 21244971 ER PT J AU Peng, QY Zhang, LQ AF Peng, Qiyu Zhang, Li-Qun TI High-Resolution Ultrasound Displacement Measurement Using Coded Excitations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL ULTRASOUND; PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; DOPPLER VELOCIMETRY; PULSE EXCITATION; IMAGING-SYSTEMS; COLORED NOISE; PART II; SIGNALS; REDUCTION; AGREEMENT AB Resolution of displacement measurements based on ultrasound pulse-echo techniques is limited by the center frequency of the transmitted wave, echo sampling rate, quantization errors, and electronic noises in the measurement system. We developed a new method utilizing the clutter signal in coded excitations to determine the displacement of an object or a desired region of an object with much improved resolution. The method includes transmitting a pair of Golay complementary sequences, receiving echoes from the object or a region of the object, compressing the pulse, eliminating the main lobe, and determining the object displacement between the two transmissions from the residual clutter signal around the main lobe of the compressed pulse. Results of computer simulations showed that the new method improved the resolution by several orders of magnitude and was more robust to noise than traditional pulse-echo methods. The new method was also evaluated using an experimental ultrasound system (10 MHz center frequency, 100 MHz sampling rate, and 8-bit sampling precision). A high precision in the displacement measurement was achieved with a measurement error of -5.76 nm +/- 36.27 nm (mean +/- standard deviation). The method has the potential to be applied in biomedical and industrial measurements of distance, displacement, and thickness. C1 [Peng, Qiyu; Zhang, Li-Qun] Rehabtek LLC, Wilmette, IL 60091 USA. [Peng, Qiyu] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Radiotracer Dev & Imaging Technol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Li-Qun] Rehabil Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. [Zhang, Li-Qun] Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Peng, QY (reprint author), Rehabtek LLC, Wilmette, IL 60091 USA. EM l-zhang@northwestern.edu RI peng, qiyu/G-1586-2013 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 122 EP 133 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2011.1779 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 708TB UT WOS:000286386100012 PM 21244980 ER PT J AU Balogun, O Cole, GD Huber, R Chinn, D Murray, TW Spicer, JB AF Balogun, Oluwaseyi Cole, Garrett D. Huber, Robert Chinn, Diane Murray, Todd W. Spicer, James B. TI High-Spatial-Resolution Sub-Surface Imaging Using a Laser-Based Acoustic Microscopy Technique SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID VELOCITY LAMB MODES; GENERATED ULTRASOUND; THIN-FILMS; WAVES; TRANSIENTS; PULSES; PLATE AB Scanning acoustic microscopy techniques operating at frequencies in the gigahertz range are suitable for the elastic characterization and interior imaging of solid media with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. Acoustic wave propagation at these frequencies is strongly limited by energy losses, particularly from attenuation in the coupling media used to transmit ultrasound to a specimen, leading to a decrease in the depth in a specimen that can be interrogated. In this work, a laser-based acoustic microscopy technique is presented that uses a pulsed laser source for the generation of broadband acoustic waves and an optical interferometer for detection. The use of a 900-ps microchip pulsed laser facilitates the generation of acoustic waves with frequencies extending up to 1 GHz which allows for the resolution of micrometer-scale features in a specimen. Furthermore, the combination of optical generation and detection approaches eliminates the use of an ultrasonic coupling medium, and allows for elastic characterization and interior imaging at penetration depths on the order of several hundred micrometers. Experimental results illustrating the use of the laser-based acoustic microscopy technique for imaging micrometer-scale subsurface geometrical features in a 70-mu m-thick single-crystal silicon wafer with a (100) orientation are presented. C1 [Balogun, Oluwaseyi] Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Cole, Garrett D.; Huber, Robert; Chinn, Diane] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Murray, Todd W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spicer, James B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Balogun, O (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM o-balogun@northwestern.edu RI Cole, Garrett/B-9383-2011; Balogun, Oluwaseyi/B-7543-2009 FU U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-48]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DEFG0203ER46090]; National Science Foundation [CMS-0448796] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-48 and was based on work supported by, or in part by, the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under grant number DEFG0203ER46090. One of the authors, T. W. Murray, acknowledges the support provided for this work by the National Science Foundation under grant number CMS-0448796. NR 34 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2011 VL 58 IS 1 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2011.1789 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 708TB UT WOS:000286386100022 PM 21244990 ER PT S AU Pankin, AY Callen, JD Cary, JR Groebner, RJ Hakim, A Kruger, SE Pletzer, A Shasharina, S Vadlamani, S Cohen, RH Kritz, AH Rognlien, TD Rafiq, T AF Pankin, A. Y. Callen, J. D. Cary, J. R. Groebner, R. J. Hakim, A. Kruger, S. E. Pletzer, A. Shasharina, S. Vadlamani, S. Cohen, R. H. Kritz, A. H. Rognlien, T. D. Rafiq, T. CA FACETS Team BE Weiland, J Lazzaro, E TI Stress Tests of Transport Models Using FACETS Code SO IFP-CNR-CHALMERS WORKSHOP ON NONLINEAR PHENOMENA IN FUSION PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFP-CNR-Chalmers Workshop on Nonlinear Phenomena in Fusion Plasmas CY JUN 08-10, 2011 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Chalmers Univ Technol, Ist Fisica Plasma AB The confinement of H-mode plasmas strongly depends on the H-mode pedestal structure. The pedestal provides the boundary conditions for the hot core tokamak region and determines the stability properties of the plasma edge. The structure of H-mode pedestal depends on many factors such as heating of the plasma core, neutral fueling, recycling and density and thermal transport. It is important to elucidate the primary mechanisms that are responsible for the pedestal structure in order to optimize the tokamak performance, and avoid disruptions and large scale instabilities such as neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) and edge localized modes (ELMs). In this study, the FACETS code is used to test several models for anomalous, paleoclassical and neoclassical transport in the plasma edge of tokamaks. The FACETS code is a new whole-device integrated modeling code that advances plasma profiles in time using a selection of transport models and models for heating and particle sources. The simulation results are compared with experimental measurements from the DIII-D tokamak. C1 [Pankin, A. Y.; Cary, J. R.; Hakim, A.; Kruger, S. E.; Pletzer, A.; Shasharina, S.; Vadlamani, S.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Callen, J. D.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Groebner, R. J.] Gen Atom, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. [Cohen, R. H.; Rognlien, T. D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Kritz, A. H.; Rafiq, T.; FACETS Team] Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Pankin, AY (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. FU US Department of Energy FX This research is supported by US Department of Energy. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0962-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1392 DI 10.1063/1.3647237 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BZD60 UT WOS:000301174700012 ER PT B AU Cuellar, L Pan, F Roach, F Saeger, K AF Cuellar, Leticia Pan, Feng Roach, Fred Saeger, Kevin BE Baralt, J Callaos, N Chu, HW Lesso, W Savoie, MJ Siddique, M Zinn, CD TI Distributional Properties of Stochastic Shortest Paths for Smuggled Nuclear Material SO IMCIC'11: THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON COMPLEXITY, INFORMATICS AND CYBERNETICS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics (IMCIC 2011) CY MAR 27-30, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE Stochastic shortest path; network AB The shortest path problem on a network with fixed weights is a well studied problem with applications to many diverse areas such as transportation and telecommunications. We are particularly interested in the scenario where a nuclear material smuggler tries to succesfully reach her/his target by identifying the most likely path to the target. The identification of the path relies on reliabilities (weights) associated with each link and node in a multi-modal transportation network. In order to account for the adversary's uncertainty and to perform sensitivity analysis we introduce random reliabilities. We perform some controlled experiments on the grid and present the distributional properties of the resulting stochastic shortest paths. C1 [Cuellar, Leticia; Pan, Feng; Roach, Fred; Saeger, Kevin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Decis Support Syst D 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cuellar, L (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Decis Support Syst D 6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-20-7 PY 2011 BP 78 EP 84 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG9HO UT WOS:000393240300015 ER PT B AU Braiman, A Thundat, T Rudakov, F AF Braiman, Avital Thundat, Thomas Rudakov, Fedor BE Callaos, N Chu, HW Ferrer, J Tremante, A Zinn, CD TI DNA Separation by Surface Electrophoresis SO IMETI 2011: 4TH INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation CY JUL 19-22, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst C1 [Braiman, Avital] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Braiman, Avital; Rudakov, Fedor] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Thundat, Thomas] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. RP Braiman, A (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-36-8 PY 2011 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG8OJ UT WOS:000392552900002 ER PT B AU Zaeem, MA Yin, HB Felicelli, SD AF Zaeem, Mohsen Asle Yin, Hebi Felicelli, Sergio D. BE Callaos, N Chu, HW Ferrer, J Tremante, A Zinn, CD TI Comparison of Cellular Automaton and Phase-Field Models to Simulate Dendritic Solidification SO IMETI 2011: 4TH INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation CY JUL 19-22, 2011 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & Syst DE Cellular automaton; Phase-field model; Finite element; Dendrite growth; Aluminum alloy; Magnesium alloy ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD; GROWTH; TRANSFORMATION AB In this work, a cellular automaton (CA) finite element (FE) model and a phase-field (PF) FE model were developed to simulate dendritic solidification of both cubic and hexagonal crystal materials. Validation of the both models was performed by comparing the simulation results to the analytical model developed by Lipton-Glicksman-Kurz (LGK), showing qualitatively good agreement in the tip growth velocity at a given melt undercooling. Dendritic solidification in cubic materials is illustrated by simulating the solidification in aluminum alloy Al-3wt%Cu. Results show that both models successfully simulate multiple arbitrarily-oriented dendrites for cubic materials. Application to magnesium alloy AZ91 (approximated with the binary Mg-8.9wt%Al), illustrates the difficulty of modeling dendrite growth in hexagonal systems using CA FE regarding mesh-induced anisotropy and a better performance of PF FE in modeling multiple arbitrarily-oriented dendrites. C1 [Zaeem, Mohsen Asle; Felicelli, Sergio D.] Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. [Yin, Hebi] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Felicelli, Sergio D.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. RP Zaeem, MA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Adv Vehicular Syst, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM mohsen@cavs.msstate.edu OI Asle Zaeem, Mohsen/0000-0002-5164-6122 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-936338-36-8 PY 2011 BP 183 EP 186 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BG8OJ UT WOS:000392552900034 ER PT J AU Dong, X AF Dong, X. CA STAR Collaboration TI Measurement of D* mesons in jets from p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Heavy ion collision; Heavy quark production; jets ID Z DECAYS; PHYSICS AB We report the measurement of charged D* mesons in jets produced in proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy root s = 200 GeV with the STAR experiment at RHIC. The production rate is found to be N(D*(+) + D*(-))/N (jet) = 0.015 +/- 0.008 (stat) +/- 0.007 (sys) for D* mesons with fractional momenta 0.2 < z < 0.5 in jets with 11.5 GeV mean transverse energy. This rate is consistent with perturbative QCD evalulation of gluon splitting into a pair of charm quarks and subsequent hadronization. C1 [Dong, X.; STAR Collaboration] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Dong, X (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. EM XDong@lbl.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCIENCE PI KOLKATA PA INDIAN J PHYSICS, JADAVPUR, KOLKATA 700 032, INDIA SN 0973-1458 J9 INDIAN J PHYS JI Indian J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s12648-011-0014-x PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 756CE UT WOS:000289988500005 ER PT J AU Hegdea, P Karsch, F Laermann, E Scheredin, S AF Hegdea, P. Karsch, F. Laermann, E. Scheredin, S. TI Cutoff effects in lattice actions at A mu not equal 0 SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lattice QCD; quantum chorodynamics AB We look at the cutoff dependence of several lattice actions, including two improved actions viz. Naik and p4, and and chirally-invariant ones, namely fixed-point, overlap and domain-wall, with the aim of understanding its behavior at A mu not equal 0. Apart from numerical results, we also derive a series expansion in N (r) (-1) for the free-gas pressure. We find that actions with O(a (n) )-improved rotational invariance produce O(a (n) )-improvement in the pressure. The series for unimproved overlap and domain-wall fermions are identical to the naive series, and hence using Naik or p 4 kernels should produce improvement in these formulations as well. Lastly, we find that actions that are improved at A mu = 0 remain so as the chemical potential is turned on. The series coefficients become A mu-dependent now, however their functional form at any given order is the same for all actions. C1 [Laermann, E.; Scheredin, S.] Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. [Karsch, F.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11733 USA. [Hegdea, P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Scheredin, S (reprint author), Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. EM shchered@physik.uni-bielefeld.de FU DFG [GRK/881]; EU [RII3-CT-2004-506078]; BMBF [06BI106]; U S Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX SS has been supported by the DFG grant GRK/881 and by the EU under the contract no. RII3-CT-2004-506078. FK and EL acknowledge partial support through a grant of the BMBF under contract no. 06BI106. The work of FK and PH has been supported by a contract DE-AC02-98CH10886 with the U S Department of Energy. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INDIAN ASSOC CULTIVATION SCIENCE PI KOLKATA PA INDIAN J PHYSICS, JADAVPUR, KOLKATA 700 032, INDIA SN 0973-1458 J9 INDIAN J PHYS JI Indian J. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 85 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1007/s12648-011-0030-x PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 756CE UT WOS:000289988500021 ER PT J AU McDermott, JE Corrigan, A Peterson, E Oehmen, C Niemann, G Cambronne, ED Sharp, D Adkins, JN Samudrala, R Heffron, F AF McDermott, Jason E. Corrigan, Abigail Peterson, Elena Oehmen, Christopher Niemann, George Cambronne, Eric D. Sharp, Danna Adkins, Joshua N. Samudrala, Ram Heffron, Fred TI Computational Prediction of Type III and IV Secreted Effectors in Gram-Negative Bacteria SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Review ID ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM; SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE; NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR; REMOTE HOMOLOGY DETECTION; SMALL-MOLECULE INHIBITORS; TERMINAL TRANSLOCATION SIGNAL; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; PROTEIN SECRETION; FUNCTIONAL CONSERVATION AB In this review, we provide an overview of the methods employed in four recent studies that described novel methods for computational prediction of secreted effectors from type III and IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. We present the results of these studies in terms of performance at accurately predicting secreted effectors and similarities found between secretion signals that may reflect biologically relevant features for recognition. We discuss the Web-based tools for secreted effector prediction described in these studies and announce the availability of our tool, the SIEVE server (http://www.sysbep.org/sieve). Finally, we assess the accuracies of the three type III effector prediction methods on a small set of proteins not known prior to the development of these tools that we recently discovered and validated using both experimental and computational approaches. Our comparison shows that all methods use similar approaches and, in general, arrive at similar conclusions. We discuss the possibility of an order-dependent motif in the secretion signal, which was a point of disagreement in the studies. Our results show that there may be classes of effectors in which the signal has a loosely defined motif and others in which secretion is dependent only on compositional biases. Computational prediction of secreted effectors from protein sequences represents an important step toward better understanding the interaction between pathogens and hosts. C1 [McDermott, Jason E.; Oehmen, Christopher] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Niemann, George; Cambronne, Eric D.; Heffron, Fred] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Sharp, Danna] Univ Tennessee, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. [Samudrala, Ram] Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McDermott, JE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Biol & Bioinformat Grp, MSIN J4-33,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Jason.McDermott@pnl.gov RI Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; McDermott, Jason/0000-0003-2961-2572 FU National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH/DHHS [Y1-AI-8401-01]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830]; Department of Energy Science Undergraduate Laboratory; NIH [RO1 AI022933]; Medical Research Foundation of Oregon [MRF810]; National Science Foundation [DBI 0217241]; Searle Scholars Program FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH/DHHS, through interagency agreement Y1-AI-8401-01, by the Biomolecular Systems Initiative under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RL01830, by the Department of Energy Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internship to D. S., by NIH grant RO1 AI022933 to F. H., by Medical Research Foundation of Oregon grant MRF810 to E.D.C., by National Science Foundation grant DBI 0217241 to R.S., and by a Searle Scholars Program grant to R.S. NR 85 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1128/IAI.00537-10 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 697WJ UT WOS:000285550200001 PM 20974833 ER PT J AU Niemann, GS Brown, RN Gustin, JK Stufkens, A Shaikh-Kidwai, AS Li, J McDermott, JE Brewer, HM Schepmoes, A Smith, RD Adkins, JN Heffron, F AF Niemann, George S. Brown, Roslyn N. Gustin, Jean K. Stufkens, Afke Shaikh-Kidwai, Afshan S. Li, Jie McDermott, Jason E. Brewer, Heather M. Schepmoes, Athena Smith, Richard D. Adkins, Joshua N. Heffron, Fred TI Discovery of Novel Secreted Virulence Factors from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium by Proteomic Analysis of Culture Supernatants SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PATHOGENICITY ISLAND 2; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; III SECRETION; MEMBRANE-VESICLES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONTAINING VACUOLES; YEAST PROTEOME; TYPHOID-FEVER; ACCURATE MASS; IDENTIFICATION AB Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis throughout the world. This pathogen has two type III secretion systems (TTSS) encoded in Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2) that deliver virulence factors (effectors) to the host cell cytoplasm and are required for virulence. While many effectors have been identified and at least partially characterized, the full repertoire of effectors has not been catalogued. In this proteomic study, we identified effector proteins secreted into defined minimal medium designed to induce expression of the SPI-2 TTSS and its effectors. We compared the secretomes of the parent strain to those of strains missing essential (ssaK::cat) or regulatory (Delta ssaL) components of the SPI-2 TTSS. We identified 20 known SPI-2 effectors. Excluding the translocon components SseBCD, all SPI-2 effectors were biased for identification in the Delta ssaL mutant, substantiating the regulatory role of SsaL in TTS. To identify novel effector proteins, we coupled our secretome data with a machine learning algorithm (SIEVE, SVM-based identification and evaluation of virulence effectors) and selected 12 candidate proteins for further characterization. Using CyaA' reporter fusions, we identified six novel type III effectors and two additional proteins that were secreted into J774 macrophages independently of a TTSS. To assess their roles in virulence, we constructed nonpolar deletions and performed a competitive index analysis from intraperitoneally infected 129/SvJ mice. Six mutants were significantly attenuated for spleen colonization. Our results also suggest that non-type III secretion mechanisms are required for full Salmonella virulence. C1 [Niemann, George S.; Stufkens, Afke; Shaikh-Kidwai, Afshan S.; Li, Jie; Heffron, Fred] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. [Brown, Roslyn N.; Brewer, Heather M.; Schepmoes, Athena; Smith, Richard D.; Adkins, Joshua N.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gustin, Jean K.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vaccine & Gene Therapy Inst, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Heffron, F (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM heffronf@ohsu.edu RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Adkins, Joshua/B-9881-2013; OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Adkins, Joshua/0000-0003-0399-0700; McDermott, Jason/0000-0003-2961-2572 FU NIH/DHHS [Y1-A1-8401-01]; NIH/NIAID [A1022933-22A1]; National Center for Research Resources [RR 018522]; DOE/BER; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases FX Support for this work was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH/DHHS, through interagency agreement Y1-A1-8401-01 and by grant NIH/NIAID A1022933-22A1 to F. H. We used instrumentation and capabilities developed with support from the National Center for Research Resources (grant RR 018522 to R. D. S.) and the DOE/BER.; Proteomic analyses were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE/BER) national scientific user facility on the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) campus in Richland, WA. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Mass spectrometry results are available at SysBEP.org and Omics.pnl.gov. NR 65 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 79 IS 1 BP 33 EP 43 DI 10.1128/IAI.00771-10 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 697WJ UT WOS:000285550200002 PM 20974834 ER PT J AU Pon, RK Cardenas, AF Buttler, DJ Critchlow, TJ AF Pon, R. K. Cardenas, A. F. Buttler, D. J. Critchlow, T. J. TI Measuring the interestingness of articles in a limited user environment SO INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE News filtering; Personalization; News recommendation ID TRACKING AB Search engines, such as Google, assign scores to news articles based on their relevance to a query. However, not all relevant articles for the query may be interesting to a user. For example, if the article is old or yields little new information, the article would be uninteresting. Relevance scores do not take into account what makes an article interesting, which would vary from user to user. Although methods such as collaborative filtering have been shown to be effective in recommendation systems, in a limited user environment, there are not enough users that would make collaborative filtering effective. A general framework, called iScore, is presented for defining and measuring the "interestingness" of articles, incorporating user-feedback. iScore addresses the various aspects of what makes an article interesting, such as topic relevance, uniqueness, freshness, source reputation, and writing style. It employs various methods, such as multiple topic tracking, online parameter selection, language models, clustering, sentiment analysis, and phrase extraction to measure these features. Due to varying reasons that users hold about why an article is interesting, an online feature selection method in naive Bayes is also used to improve recommendation results. iScore can outperform traditional IR techniques by as much as 50.7%. iScore and its components are evaluated in the news recommendation task using three datasets from Yahoo! News, actual users, and Digg. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Pon, R. K.; Cardenas, A. F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Buttler, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Critchlow, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pon, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rpon@cs.ucla.edu; cardenas@cs.ucla.edu; buttler1@llnl.gov; terence.critchlow@pnl.gov FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344, LLNL-JRNL-407783] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 (LLNL-JRNL-407783). NR 73 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-4573 EI 1873-5371 J9 INFORM PROCESS MANAG JI Inf. Process. Manage. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 47 IS 1 BP 97 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.ipm.2010.03.001 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA 683XG UT WOS:000284511000007 ER PT B AU Roberto, FF Silverman, HG AF Roberto, Francisco F. Silverman, Heather G. BE Schwartz, M TI Adhesive Proteins from Mussels SO INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS MANUFACTURING, FABRICATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MYTILUS-EDULIS-L; FRESH-WATER MUSSEL; MARINE-MUSSEL; LIMNOPERNA-FORTUNEI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ATTACHMENT STRENGTH; BYSSAL PROTEIN; PLAQUE PROTEIN; POLYPHENOLIC PROTEINS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA C1 [Roberto, Francisco F.; Silverman, Heather G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Syst Biol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Roberto, FF (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Syst Biol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 125 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8216-6; 978-1-4200-8215-9 PY 2011 BP 53 EP 86 PG 34 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC7CD UT WOS:000354734500004 ER PT B AU Burkes, DE AF Burkes, Douglas E. BE Schwartz, M TI Nuclear Applications Using Friction Stir Welding SO INNOVATIONS IN MATERIALS MANUFACTURING, FABRICATION, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRAIN RATE SUPERPLASTICITY; REPAIR; EVOLUTION; TEXTURE; REACTOR; STEEL; ALLOY; LOAD C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Burkes, DE (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Nucl Fuels & Mat Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-8216-6; 978-1-4200-8215-9 PY 2011 BP 167 EP 192 PG 26 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC7CD UT WOS:000354734500008 ER PT J AU Zwicker, A Wissel, S Morgan, J AF Zwicker, A. Wissel, S. Morgan, J. BE Chova, LG Torres, IC Martinez, AL TI PLASMAS AS A TEACHING TOOL FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AND K-12 TEACHERS: WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM A TEN-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY? SO INTED2011: 5TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED) CY MAR 07-09, 2011 CL Valencia, SPAIN DE Plasma; longitudinal; study; undergraduate; teacher; K-12; career; choices; learning; student C1 [Zwicker, A.; Wissel, S.; Morgan, J.] Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM azwicker@pppl.gov; swissel@princeton.edu; jmorgan@pppl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT PI VALENICA PA LAURI VOLPI 6, VALENICA, BURJASSOT 46100, SPAIN BN 978-84-614-7423-3 PY 2011 BP 2899 EP 2899 PG 1 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA BHR19 UT WOS:000326447702129 ER PT S AU Parekh, O AF Parekh, Ojas BE Gunluk, O Woeginger, GJ TI Iterative Packing for Demand and Hypergraph Matching SO INTEGER PROGRAMMING AND COMBINATORAL OPTIMIZATION, IPCO 2011 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Integer Programming and Combinatorial Optimization (IPCO) CY JUN 15-17, 2011 CL IBM T J Watson Res Ctr, New York, NY SP Math Optimizat Soc HO IBM T J Watson Res Ctr ID INTEGER PROGRAMS; APPROXIMATION; DUALITY AB Iterative rounding has enjoyed tremendous success in elegantly resolving open questions regarding the approximability of problems dominated by covering constraints. Although iterative rounding methods have been applied to packing problems, no single method has emerged that matches the effectiveness and simplicity afforded by the covering case. We offer a simple iterative packing technique that retains features of Jain's seminal approach, including the property that the magnitude of the fractional value of the element rounded during each iteration has a direct impact on the approximation guarantee. We apply iterative packing to generalized matching problems including demand matching and k-column-sparse column-restricted packing (k-CS-PIP) and obtain approximation algorithms that essentially settle the integrality gap for these problems. We present a simple deterministic 2k-approximation for k-CS-PIP, where an 8k-approximation was the best deterministic algorithm previously known. The integrality gap in this case is at least 2(k-1+1/k). We also give a deterministic 3-approximation for a generalization of demand matching, settling its natural integrality gap. C1 [Parekh, Ojas] Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Parekh, O (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1316, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM odparek@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-20807-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2011 VL 6655 BP 349 EP 361 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG8AO UT WOS:000392146900028 ER PT J AU Bhalla, A Saxena, A Priya, S Guo, RY Chen, CL Jia, QX AF Bhalla, Amar Saxena, Avadh Priya, Shashank Guo, Ruyan Chen, Chonglin Jia, Quanxi TI Untitled SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bhalla, Amar; Guo, Ruyan; Chen, Chonglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Saxena, Avadh; Jia, Quanxi] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Priya, Shashank] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Bhalla, A (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2011 VL 131 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1080/10584587.2011.621058 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 888GE UT WOS:000299991000001 ER PT J AU Saxena, A AF Saxena, Avadh TI Broken Symmetry, Ferroic Phase Transitions and Multifunctional Materials SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Multifunctionality of Ferroics and Multiferroics CY OCT 15-16, 2010 CL San Antonio, TX DE Order parameter; Magnetic symmetry; Multiferroics; Magnetoelectrics; Ferrotoroidics; Disorder; Tweed; Free energy ID FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS; PREMARTENSITIC BEHAVIOR; FERROTOROIDIC DOMAINS; FERROELASTIC CRYSTALS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC SYMMETRY; PEROVSKITES; NANOSCALE; POINT AB A phase transition is associated with a change of certain symmetry. This symmetry change is captured by an order parameter which is zero above the transition temperature (or pressure) and non-zero below it. An important class of functional materials is that of ferroics which are characterized by two or more orientation states with the ability to switch between them via an applied field. In terms of broken spatial inversion and time reversal symmetry, there are four types of primary ferroics: ferroelectrics described by polarization P (a polar vector with broken spatial inversion symmetry), ferromagnets described by magnetization M (an axial vector with broken time reversal symmetry), ferrotoroidics described by torodization T (an axio-polar vector with both spatial inversion and time reversal symmetries broken) and ferroelastics described by strain epsilon (a symmetric second rank polar tensor with neither spatial inversion nor time reversal symmetry broken but with broken rotational symmetry). Materials possessing two or more ferroic properties are called multiferroics. In particular, crystals exhibiting simultaneous ferroelectricity and magnetism are called magnetoelectrics. We consider the effect of disorder in these crystals which above the transition temperature may result in a tweed structure whereas it may lead to a glassy state below the transition. We also explore the properties of ferroics at nanoscale which are dominated by the surface/interface energy contribution. Finally, we describe in detail the magnetic symmetry of low-dimensional multiferroic materials and study a representative phase transition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Saxena, A (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM avadh@lanl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank Turab Lookman, Antoni Planes and Teresa Castan for collaboration and Amar Bhalla, Ruyan Guo and Pradeep Kumar for many fruitful discussions on the topics presented here. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 99 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 34 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2011 VL 131 BP 3 EP 24 DI 10.1080/10584587.2011.616380 PG 22 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 888GE UT WOS:000299991000002 ER PT S AU Peters, DW Kemme, SA Cruz-Cabrera, AA Boye, RR Bustard, CA AF Peters, David W. Kemme, Shanalyn A. Cruz-Cabrera, Alvaro A. Boye, Robert R. Bustard, Chad A. BE Broquin, JE Conti, GN TI Pixelated Resonant Subwavelength Grating Filters for Greenhouse Gas Monitoring SO INTEGRATED OPTICS: DEVICES, MATERIALS, AND TECHNOLOGIES XV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Integrated Optics - Devices, Materials, and Technologies XV CY JAN 24-26, 2011 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE grating; subwavelength; pixelated; filter; sensor; hyperspectral ID INTEGRATION AB We describe the design of pixelated filter arrays for hyperspectral monitoring of CO2 and H2O absorption in the midwave infrared (centered at 4.25 mu m and 5.15 mu m, respectively) using resonant subwavelength gratings (RSGs), also called guided-mode resonant filters (GMRFs). For each gas, a hyperspectral filter array of very narrowband filters is designed that spans the absorption band on a single substrate. A pixelated geometry allows for direct registration of filter pixels to focal plane array (FPA) sensor pixels and for non-scanning data collection. The design process for narrowband, low-sideband reflective and transmissive filters within fabrication limitations will be discussed. C1 [Peters, David W.; Kemme, Shanalyn A.; Cruz-Cabrera, Alvaro A.; Boye, Robert R.; Bustard, Chad A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peters, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dwpeter@sandia.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-478-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 7941 AR 794113 DI 10.1117/12.873932 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BYD24 UT WOS:000298084600026 ER PT J AU Mroue, RM El-Sabban, ME Talhouk, RS AF Mroue, R. M. El-Sabban, M. E. Talhouk, R. S. TI Connexins and the gap in context SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID JUNCTIONAL INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; CANCER-CELLS; NEGATIVE REGULATION; CARDIAC MYOCYTES; SYSTEMS BIOLOGY; BREAST-CANCER; CHORIOCARCINOMA CELLS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TRAFFICKING PATHWAYS AB Gap junctions (GJ) can no longer be thought of as simple channel forming structures that mediate intercellular communication. Hemi-channel and channel-independent functions of connexins (Cxs) have been described and numerous Cx interacting partners have been uncovered ranging from enzymes to structural and scaffolding molecules to transcription factors. With the growing number of Cx partners and functions, including well-documented roles for Cxs as conditional tumor suppressors, it has become essential to understand how Cxs are regulated in a context-dependent manner to mediate distinct functions. In this review we will shed light on the tissue and context-dependent regulation and function of Cxs and on the importance of Cx-interactions in modulating tissue-specific function. We will emphasize how the context-dependent functions of Cxs can help in understanding the impact of Cx mis-expression on cancer development and, ultimately, explore whether Cxs can be used as potential therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. In the end, we will address the need for developing relevant assays for studying Cx and GJ functions and will highlight how advances in bioengineering tools and the design of 3D biological platforms can help studying gap junction function in real time in a non-intrusive manner. C1 [Mroue, R. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [El-Sabban, M. E.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Human Morphol, Fac Med, Beirut, Lebanon. [Talhouk, R. S.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Biol, Fac Arts & Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Mroue, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rtalhouk@aub.edu.lb FU University Research Board and Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research; Medical Practice Plan; DOD Breast Cancer Research Program FX The authors are grateful for Dr Hidetoshi Mori and Dr Mike Osta for critical reading of the manuscript and Dr Cyrus Ghajar for helpful advice. Ms Elia El-Habre is acknowledged for her help in manuscript and figure preparation. This work was supported by the University Research Board and Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research (RST and MES), and Medical Practice Plan (MES). Rana Mroue is supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the DOD Breast Cancer Research Program. NR 130 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.1039/c0ib00158a PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600002 PM 21437329 ER PT J AU Veiseh, M Turley, EA AF Veiseh, M. Turley, E. A. TI Hyaluronan metabolism in remodeling extracellular matrix: probes for imaging and therapy of breast cancer SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; GENE-EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; ACUTE MYELOID-LEUKEMIA; IN-VIVO; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; MALIGNANT BREAST; MACROMOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT; ANTITUMOR BIOCONJUGATE; PEPTIDE VACCINATION AB Clinical and experimental evidence increasingly support the concept of cancer as a disease that emulates a component of wound healing, in particular abnormal stromal extracellular matrix remodeling. Here we review the biology and function of one remodeling process, hyaluronan (HA) metabolism, which is essential for wound resolution but closely linked to breast cancer (BCA) progression. Components of the HA metabolic cycle (HAS2, SPAM1 and HA receptors CD44, RHAMM/HMMR and TLR2) are discussed in terms of their known functions in wound healing and in breast cancer progression. Finally, we discuss recent advances in the use of HA-based platforms for developing nanoprobes to image areas of active HA metabolism and for therapeutics in breast cancer. C1 [Veiseh, M.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94629 USA. [Turley, E. A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Oncol, London Reg Canc Program, London Hlth Sci Ctr, London, ON, Canada. [Turley, E. A.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biochem, London, ON, Canada. RP Veiseh, M (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94629 USA. EM mveiseh@lbl.gov; eva.turley@lhsc.on.ca FU DOD-BCRP IDEA [BC044087]; National Institute of Health [R37CA064786, R01CA057621]; Low Dose Radiation Program [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; Canadian Breast Cancer Alliance and Cancer Research Society; National Cancer Institute of National Institute of Health [FCA132491A] FX We thank Mina J. Bissell for her continuing enthusiasm and support of this work; we also thank Daniel H Kwon and Catlin Ward for administrative help. This work was supported by a DOD-BCRP IDEA award to Mina J Bissell and Eva A Turley (BC044087), by the National Institute of Health grants R37CA064786 and R01CA057621, Low Dose Radiation Program (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH1123) to MJB, the Canadian Breast Cancer Alliance and Cancer Research Society to EAT, and by a Distinguished Fellow Award to MJB. Mandana Veiseh was supported by a Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA) F32 postdoctoral fellowship from National Cancer Institute of National Institute of Health (FCA132491A). NR 144 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 EI 1757-9708 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 304 EP 315 DI 10.1039/c0ib00096e PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600006 PM 21264398 ER PT J AU Perez-Losada, J Castellanos-Martin, A Mao, JH AF Perez-Losada, Jesus Castellanos-Martin, Andres Mao, Jian-Hua TI Cancer evolution and individual susceptibility SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; POSITIVE BREAST-CANCER; TUMOR MODIFIER LOCI; COMPLEX TRAITS; PAS1 LOCUS; GERMLINE POLYMORPHISMS; CONFER SUSCEPTIBILITY; COLLABORATIVE CROSS; COLORECTAL-CANCER AB Cancer susceptibility is due to interactions between inherited genetic factors and exposure to environmental carcinogens. The genetic component is constituted mainly by weakly acting low-penetrance genetic variants that interact among themselves, as well as with the environment. These low susceptibility genes can be categorized into two main groups: one includes those that control intrinsic tumor cell activities (i.e. apoptosis, proliferation or DNA repair), and the other contains those that modulate the function of extrinsic tumor cell compartments (i.e. stroma, angiogenesis, or endocrine and immune systems). Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of human populations have identified numerous genetic loci linked with cancer risk and behavior, but nevertheless the major component of cancer heritability remains to be explained. One reason may be that GWAS cannot readily capture gene-gene or gene-environment interactions. Mouse model approaches offer an alternative or complementary strategy, because of our ability to control both the genetic and environmental components of risk. Recently developed genetic tools, including high-throughput technologies such as SNP, CGH and gene expression microarrays, have led to more powerful strategies for refining quantitative trait loci (QTL) and identifying the critical genes. In particular, the cross-species approaches will help to refine locations of QTLs, and reveal their genetic and environmental interactions. The identification of human tumor susceptibility genes and discovery of their roles in carcinogenesis will ultimately be important for the development of methods for prediction of risk, diagnosis, prevention and therapy for human cancers. C1 [Perez-Losada, Jesus; Castellanos-Martin, Andres] Univ Salamanca, Inst Mixto, CSIC, IBMCC, Salamanca 37007, Spain. [Mao, Jian-Hua] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94127 USA. RP Perez-Losada, J (reprint author), Univ Salamanca, Inst Mixto, CSIC, IBMCC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno S-N, Salamanca 37007, Spain. EM jperezlosada@usal.es; JHMao@lbl.gov RI 2011, Secribsal/D-9425-2012; Castellanos, Andres/F-3302-2016 FU Office of Biological & Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program (LDRD); National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute [R01 CA116481]; FEDER; MICINN [PLE2009-119]; FIS [PI070057, PI10/00328]; CSIC [200920I137]; Junta de Castilla y Leon [SAN126/SA66/09, SA079A09] FX We apologize for these contributions that could not be cited in the manuscript due to space restrictions. We thank Drs Allan Balmain, Isidro Sanchez Garcia and Cesar Cobaleda for useful comments. J. H. Mao is supported by Office of Biological & Environmental Research, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, by Laboratory Directed Research & Development Program (LDRD), and by the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute grant R01 CA116481. J. Perez-Losada is partially supported by FEDER and MICINN (PLE2009-119), FIS (PI070057; PI10/00328), CSIC (200920I137), Junta de Castilla y Leon (SAN126/SA66/09; SA079A09). A. Castellanos-Martin is supported by FEDER and MICINN (PLE2009-119). NR 119 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 316 EP 328 DI 10.1039/c0ib00094a PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600007 PM 21264404 ER PT J AU Mian, IS Rose, C AF Mian, I. S. Rose, C. TI Communication theory and multicellular biology SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID DYNAMICAL PATTERNING MODULES; GALECTIN-GLYCAN INTERACTIONS; INFORMATION-THEORY; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; CHROMOSOME TERRITORIES; SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY; MICROBIAL WORLD; CELL BIOLOGY; EVOLUTION; GENOME AB In this Perspective, we propose that communication theory-a field of mathematics concerned with the problems of signal transmission, reception and processing-provides a new quantitative lens for investigating multicellular biology, ancient and modern. What underpins the cohesive organisation and collective behaviour of multicellular ecosystems such as microbial colonies and communities (microbiomes) and multicellular organisms such as plants and animals, whether built of simple tissue layers (sponges) or of complex differentiated cells arranged in tissues and organs (members of the 35 or so phyla of the subkingdom Metazoa)? How do mammalian tissues and organs develop, maintain their architecture, become subverted in disease, and decline with age? How did single-celled organisms coalesce to produce many-celled forms that evolved and diversified into the varied multicellular organisms in existence today? Some answers can be found in the blueprints or recipes encoded in (epi)genomes, yet others lie in the generic physical properties of biological matter such as the ability of cell aggregates to attain a certain complexity in size, shape, and pattern. We suggest that Lasswell's maxim "Who says what to whom in what channel with what effect'' provides a foundation for understanding not only the emergence and evolution of multicellularity, but also the assembly and sculpting of multicellular ecosystems and many-celled structures, whether of natural or human-engineered origin. We explore how the abstraction of communication theory as an organising principle for multicellular biology could be realised. We highlight the inherent ability of communication theory to be blind to molecular and/or genetic mechanisms. We describe selected applications that analyse the physics of communication and use energy efficiency as a central tenet. Whilst communication theory has and could contribute to understanding a myriad of problems in biology, investigations of multicellular biology could, in turn, lead to advances in communication theory, especially in the still immature field of network information theory. C1 [Mian, I. S.] Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rose, C.] Rutgers State Univ, Wireless Informat Network Lab, N Brunswick, NJ 08902 USA. RP Mian, IS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM smian@lbl.gov; crose@winlab.rutgers.edu NR 126 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 EI 1757-9708 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 350 EP 367 DI 10.1039/c0ib00117a PG 18 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600010 PM 21424025 ER PT J AU Xu, R Mao, JH AF Xu, Ren Mao, Jian-Hua TI Gene transcriptional networks integrate microenvironmental signals in human breast cancer SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MOUSE MAMMARY-GLAND; E-CADHERIN; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; TGF-BETA; MEDIATED ADHESION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; IN-VIVO; EXPRESSION AB A significant amount of evidence shows that microenvironmental signals generated from extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, soluble factors, and cell-cell adhesion complexes cooperate at the extra-and intracellular level. This synergetic action of microenvironmental cues is crucial for normal mammary gland development and breast malignancy. To explore how the microenvironmental genes coordinate in human breast cancer at the genome level, we have performed gene co-expression network analysis in three independent microarray datasets and identified two microenvironment networks in human breast cancer tissues. Network I represents crosstalk and cooperation of ECM microenvironment and soluble factors during breast malignancy. The correlated expression of cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion proteins in Network II implicates the coordinated action of these molecules in modulating the immune response in breast cancer tissues. These results suggest that microenvironmental cues are integrated with gene transcriptional networks to promote breast cancer development. C1 [Xu, Ren] Univ Kentucky, Markey Canc Ctr, BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Xu, Ren] Univ Kentucky, Dept Mol & Biomed Pharmacol, BBSRB, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. [Mao, Jian-Hua] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xu, R (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Markey Canc Ctr, BBSRB, 741 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM ren.xu20101@uky.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA147886, R01 CA116481-04, R01 CA116481] NR 57 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 368 EP 374 DI 10.1039/c0ib00087f PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600011 PM 21165486 ER PT J AU Tang, J Enderling, H Becker-Weimann, S Pham, C Polyzos, A Chen, CY Costes, SV AF Tang, Jonathan Enderling, Heiko Becker-Weimann, Sabine Pham, Christopher Polyzos, Aris Chen, Chen-Yi Costes, Sylvain V. TI Phenotypic transition maps of 3D breast acini obtained by imaging-guided agent-based modeling SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; TUMOR-GROWTH; ALVEOLAR MORPHOGENESIS; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; APOPTOSIS; CULTURES; CANCER; DIFFERENTIATION AB We introduce an agent-based model of epithelial cell morphogenesis to explore the complex interplay between apoptosis, proliferation, and polarization. By varying the activity levels of these mechanisms we derived phenotypic transition maps of normal and aberrant morphogenesis. These maps identify homeostatic ranges and morphologic stability conditions. The agent-based model was parameterized and validated using novel high-content image analysis of mammary acini morphogenesis in vitro with focus on time-dependent cell densities, proliferation and death rates, as well as acini morphologies. Model simulations reveal apoptosis being necessary and sufficient for initiating lumen formation, but cell polarization being the pivotal mechanism for maintaining physiological epithelium morphology and acini sphericity. Furthermore, simulations highlight that acinus growth arrest in normal acini can be achieved by controlling the fraction of proliferating cells. Interestingly, our simulations reveal a synergism between polarization and apoptosis in enhancing growth arrest. After validating the model with experimental data from a normal human breast line (MCF10A), the system was challenged to predict the growth of MCF10A where AKT-1 was overexpressed, leading to reduced apoptosis. As previously reported, this led to non growth-arrested acini, with very large sizes and partially filled lumen. However, surprisingly, image analysis revealed a much lower nuclear density than observed for normal acini. The growth kinetics indicates that these acini grew faster than the cells comprising it. The in silico model could not replicate this behavior, contradicting the classic paradigm that ductal carcinoma in situ is only the result of high proliferation and low apoptosis. Our simulations suggest that overexpression of AKT-1 must also perturb cell-cell and cell-ECM communication, reminding us that extracellular context can dictate cellular behavior. C1 [Tang, Jonathan; Becker-Weimann, Sabine; Pham, Christopher; Polyzos, Aris; Chen, Chen-Yi; Costes, Sylvain V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tang, Jonathan; Becker-Weimann, Sabine; Costes, Sylvain V.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Bay Area Phys Sci, Ctr Oncol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Enderling, Heiko; Costes, Sylvain V.] Tufts Univ, Sch Med, St Elizabeths Med Ctr, Ctr Canc Syst Biol, Boston, MA 02135 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jonathantang@lbl.gov; svcostes@lbl.gov RI Tang, Jonathan/F-8151-2010; Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013; OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389; Enderling, Heiko/0000-0002-9696-6410 FU National Cancer Institute [U54 CA143836, U54CA149233] FX This project was supported by the National Cancer Institute under Award Number U54 CA143836 for the PSOC affiliated authors and U54CA149233 for the ICBP affiliated authors. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 408 EP 421 DI 10.1039/c0ib00092b PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600014 PM 21373705 ER PT J AU Reindl, W Bowen, BP Balamotis, MA Green, JE Northen, TR AF Reindl, Wolfgang Bowen, Benjamin P. Balamotis, Michael A. Green, Jeffrey E. Northen, Trent R. TI Multivariate analysis of a 3D mass spectral image for examining tissue heterogeneity SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT; MAMMARY-GLAND; SPECTROMETRY; CANCER; BRAIN AB The tissue microenvironment critically influences the molecular characteristics of a tumor. However, as tumorous tissue is highly heterogeneous it may harbor various sub-populations with different microenvironments, greatly complicating the unambiguous analysis of tumor biology. Mass spectrometry imaging techniques allow for the direct analysis of tumors in the spatial context of their microenvironment. However, discovery of heterogeneous sub-populations often depends on the use of multivariate statistical methods. While this is routinely used for 2D images, multivariate statistical approaches are rarely seen in the context of 3D images. Here we present the automatic alignment of 2D images recorded by nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS) to reconstruct a 3D model of a mouse mammary tumor. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the whole 3D reconstruction at once, revealing distinct tumor regions, an observation that would not have been possible in such clarity through the analysis of isolated 2D sections. These sub-structures were confirmed by H&E and Oil Red O stains. This study shows that the combination of 3D imaging and multivariate statistics can be used to define tumor regions. C1 [Reindl, Wolfgang; Bowen, Benjamin P.; Northen, Trent R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Bioenergy GTL & Struct Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Balamotis, Michael A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Dynam, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Green, Jeffrey E.] NCI, Transgen Oncogenesis & Genom Sect, Lab Canc Biol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Reindl, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Bioenergy GTL & Struct Biol, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TRNorthen@lbl.gov RI Northen, Trent/K-3139-2012; OI Northen, Trent/0000-0001-8404-3259 FU Department of Energy Low Dose Radiation SFA [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Bay Area Breast Cancer SPORE [P50 CA 58207]; California Breast Cancer Research Program [15IB-0063]; National Institutes of Health; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Forschungsstipendium of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [RE 3108/1-1] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the Department of Energy Low Dose Radiation SFA [DE-AC02-05CH11231], Bay Area Breast Cancer SPORE [P50 CA 58207], and from the California Breast Cancer Research Program [15IB-0063]. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute and a Forschungsstipendium of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [RE 3108/1-1] to W. R. We thank Sandhya Bhatnagar for helping with the H&E stains and Dr Zi-yao Liu for assisting with animal preparation. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1039/c0ib00091d PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600018 PM 21212877 ER PT J AU Nabavizadeh, N Klifa, C Newitt, D Lu, Y Chen, YY Hsu, H Fisher, C Tokayasu, T Olshen, AB Spellman, P Gray, JW Hylton, N Park, CC AF Nabavizadeh, Nima Klifa, Catherine Newitt, David Lu, Ying Chen, Yunn-Yi Hsu, Howard Fisher, Clark Tokayasu, Taku Olshen, Adam B. Spellman, Paul Gray, Joe W. Hylton, Nola Park, Catherine C. TI Topographic enhancement mapping of the cancer-associated breast stroma using breast MRI SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR SIZE CORRELATION; CARCINOMA IN-SITU; PATHOLOGY MEASUREMENTS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; MICROENVIRONMENT; CARCINOGENESIS; TUMORIGENESIS; ANGIOGENESIS; EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS AB In animal and laboratory models, cancer-associated stroma, or elements of the supporting tissue surrounding a primary tumor, has been shown to be necessary for tumor evolution and progression. However, little is understood or studied regarding the properties of intact stroma in human cancer in vivo. In addition, for breast cancer patients, the optimal volume of local tissue to treat surrounding a primary tumor is not clear. Here, we performed an interdisciplinary study of normal-appearing breast tissue using breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), correlative histology and array comparative genomic hybridization to identify a cancer-associated stroma in humans. Using a novel technique for segmenting breast fibroglandular tissue, quantifiable topographic percent enhancement mapping of the stroma surrounding invasive breast cancer was found to be significantly elevated within 2 cm of the tumor edge. This region was also found to harbor increased microvessel density, and genomic changes that were closely associated with host normal breast tissue. These findings indicate that a cancer-associated stroma may be identified and characterized in human breast cancer using non-invasive imaging techniques. Identification of a cancer-associated stroma may be further developed to help guide local therapy to reduce recurrence and morbidity in breast cancer patients. C1 [Nabavizadeh, Nima; Fisher, Clark; Park, Catherine C.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Nabavizadeh, Nima; Klifa, Catherine; Newitt, David; Lu, Ying; Hylton, Nola] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Chen, Yunn-Yi] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Hsu, Howard; Spellman, Paul; Gray, Joe W.; Park, Catherine C.] Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. [Tokayasu, Taku; Olshen, Adam B.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehens Canc Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Lu, Ying] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Nabavizadeh, N (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, Ctr Comprehens Canc, 1600 Divisadero St,H1031, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM cpark@radonc.ucsf.edu OI Fisher, Clark/0000-0003-0707-1613 FU NIH [1R01CA124891, R01 CA 069587]; American Cancer Society [RSG-07-1110-01-CCE]; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation; California Breast Cancer Research Program CBCRP [13IB-0171] FX We thank Hui Zhang for expert technical assistance and Dylan Smart for assistance with the figures. This work is supported by NIH grant 1R01CA124891 (to CP) and by the American Cancer Society RSG-07-1110-01-CCE (to CP); Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (N.N.), California Breast Cancer Research Program CBCRP 13IB-0171 (C. K.) and NIH Grant R01 CA 069587 to N.H. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 4 BP 490 EP 496 DI 10.1039/c0ib00089b PG 7 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 745GT UT WOS:000289154600021 PM 21416100 ER PT J AU Alcaraz, J Mori, H Ghajar, CM Brownfield, D Galgoczy, R Bissell, MJ AF Alcaraz, Jordi Mori, Hidetoshi Ghajar, Cyrus M. Brownfield, Doug Galgoczy, Roland Bissell, Mina J. TI Collective epithelial cell invasion overcomes mechanical barriers of collagenous extracellular matrix by a narrow tube-like geometry and MMP14-dependent local softening SO INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; GLAND BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; GROWTH-FACTOR; MAMMARY EPITHELIUM; MIGRATION; CANCER; DIFFERENTIATION; LUNG; ELASTICITY; PROTEASE AB Collective cell invasion (CCI) through interstitial collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to the initial stages of branching morphogenesis, and a hallmark of tissue repair and dissemination of certain tumors. The collagenous ECM acts as a mechanical barrier against CCI. However, the physical nature of this barrier and how it is overcome by cells remains incompletely understood. To address these questions, we performed theoretical and experimental analysis of mammary epithelial branching morphogenesis in 3D type I collagen (collagen-I) gels. We found that the mechanical resistance of collagen-I is largely due to its elastic rather than its viscous properties. We also identified two strategies utilized by mammary epithelial cells that can independently minimize ECM mechanical resistance during CCI. First, cells adopt a narrow tube-like geometry during invasion, which minimizes the elastic opposition from the ECM as revealed by theoretical modeling of the most frequent invasive shapes and sizes. Second, the stiffness of the collagenous ECM is reduced at invasive fronts due to its degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as indicated by direct measurements of collagen-I microelasticity by atomic force microscopy. Molecular techniques further specified that the membrane-bound MMP14 mediates degradation of collagen-I at invasive fronts. Thus, our findings reveal that MMP14 is necessary to efficiently reduce the physical restraints imposed by collagen-I during branching morphogenesis, and help our overall understanding of how forces are balanced between cells and their surrounding ECM to maintain collective geometry and mechanical stability during CCI. C1 [Alcaraz, Jordi; Mori, Hidetoshi; Ghajar, Cyrus M.; Brownfield, Doug; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Alcaraz, Jordi; Galgoczy, Roland] Univ Barcelona, Unitat Biofis & Bioengn, E-08036 Barcelona, Spain. RP Alcaraz, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jalcaraz@ub.edu; mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Alcaraz, Jordi/F-5513-2016 OI Alcaraz, Jordi/0000-0001-7898-1599 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; National Cancer Institute [R37CA064786, U54CA126552, R01CA057621, U54CA112970, U01CA143233, U54CA143836]; U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH0810736]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [SAF2009-1324]; la Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory FX We thank C Bustamante and D Fletcher from UC Berkeley (UCB) for the use of the AFM equipment in their laboratories, and S Smith (Bustamante Lab, UCB) and A Crow (Fletcher Lab, UCB) for technical assistance. We also thank all members of the Bissell lab and R Sunyer (UB) for helpful discussions and technical support. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH1123 to M.J.B.), the National Cancer Institute (R37CA064786, U54CA126552, R01CA057621, U54CA112970, U01CA143233, and U54CA143836-Bay Area Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, University of California, Berkeley, to M.J.B.), the U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH0810736 to M.J.B.), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (SAF2009-1324 to J.A.), la Asociacion Espanola Contra el Cancer (to J.A.) and the Glenn T. Seaborg postdoctoral fellowship from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (to C.G.). NR 68 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1757-9694 EI 1757-9708 J9 INTEGR BIOL-UK JI Integr. Biol. PY 2011 VL 3 IS 12 BP 1153 EP 1166 DI 10.1039/c1ib00073j PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 853DW UT WOS:000297407400001 PM 21993836 ER PT J AU Spellman, BA AF Spellman, Barbara A. BE Fischhoff, B Chauvin, C TI Individual Reasoning SO INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS: BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INFORMATION; SIMILARITY; JUDGMENTS; INSTRUCTION; HINDSIGHT; SEQUENCES; ATTENTION; COGNITION; LIFE C1 [Spellman, Barbara A.] Univ Virginia, Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Spellman, Barbara A.] Univ Virginia, Law, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Spellman, Barbara A.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Spellman, Barbara A.] APS, College Pk, MD USA. [Spellman, Barbara A.] APS, Governing Boards, College Pk, MD USA. [Spellman, Barbara A.] Psychon Soc, Madison, WI USA. RP Spellman, BA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Psychol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-17698-9 PY 2011 BP 117 EP 141 PG 25 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC4IE UT WOS:000352541500010 ER PT S AU Furukawa, Y Sumida, Y Kumagai, K Borsa, F Nojiri, H Shimizu, Y Amitsuka, H Tenya, K Kogerler, P Cronin, L AF Furukawa, Yuji Sumida, Yuzuru Kumagai, Ken-ichi Borsa, Ferdinando Nojiri, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Yusei Amitsuka, Hiroshi Tenya, Ken-ichi Koegerler, Paul Cronin, Leroy BE Katori, HA Kawamura, H Arima, TH Fujiyama, S TI Magnetic properties of the triangular quantum spin tube [(CuCl(2)tachH)(3)Cl]Cl-2 studied by NMR and magnetization SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRUSTRATION IN CONDENSED MATTER (ICFCM) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frustration in Condensed Matter (ICFCM) CY JAN 11-14, 2011 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP MEXT Project ID DYNAMICS AB Static and dynamical properties of Cu2+ (3d(9); S = 1/2) spins in a twisted Heisenberg triangular spin tube, [(CuCl(2)tachH)(3)Cl]Cl-2, have been investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetization measurements in the temperature range T = 0.05-300 K. Magnetization curves below 0.5 K show a clear change in slope around 5 T, attributed to a signature of 1/3 plateau in magnetization. From a systematic measurement of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates as a function of temperature and external field, the fluctuation frequency of Cu2+ spins is found to decrease with decreasing temperature, revealing an unusual slow spin dynamics at low temperatures. C1 [Furukawa, Yuji; Borsa, Ferdinando; Koegerler, Paul] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Furukawa, Y (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM furukawa@ameslab.gov RI Cronin, Leroy/B-7752-2008; Kogerler, Paul/H-5866-2013 OI Cronin, Leroy/0000-0001-8035-5757; Kogerler, Paul/0000-0001-7831-3953 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 320 AR 012047 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/320/1/012047 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BYM52 UT WOS:000299350600047 ER PT S AU Roy, B Furukawa, Y Nath, R Johnston, DC AF Roy, Beas Furukawa, Yuji Nath, Ramesh Johnston, David C. BE Katori, HA Kawamura, H Arima, TH Fujiyama, S TI Low-temperature (31)P NMR study of the two-dimensional frustrated square lattice compound BaCdVO(PO(4))(2) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRUSTRATION IN CONDENSED MATTER (ICFCM) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frustration in Condensed Matter (ICFCM) CY JAN 11-14, 2011 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP MEXT Project AB We report the (31)P NMR spectrum and spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T(1) as a function of temperature in the two-dimensional frustrated square lattice compound BaCdVO(PO(4))(2). The temperature dependence of 1/T(1) indicates the existence of antiferromagnetic ordering at T(N) similar to 1.05 K which is also evidenced by the broadening of the NMR spectrum below that temperature. The temperature dependences of 1/T(1) and 1/T(1)T(chi) just above T(N) demonstrate the importance of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin correlations for critical fluctuations. C1 [Roy, Beas; Furukawa, Yuji; Nath, Ramesh; Johnston, David C.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Roy, B (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM broy@iastate.edu RI Nath, Ramesh/C-9345-2011 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 320 AR 012048 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/320/1/012048 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BYM52 UT WOS:000299350600048 ER PT S AU Xu, GY AF Xu, Guangyong BE Katori, HA Kawamura, H Arima, TH Fujiyama, S TI Probing local polar structures in PZN-xPT and PMN-xPT relaxor ferroelectrics with neutron and x-ray scattering SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRUSTRATION IN CONDENSED MATTER (ICFCM) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Frustration in Condensed Matter (ICFCM) CY JAN 11-14, 2011 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP MEXT Project ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CENTRAL-PEAK; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; INSTABILITY; BEHAVIOR AB "Polar nano-regions" (PNR) are nanometer sized local polar structures found in relaxor ferroelectric materials. They play key roles in understanding many relaxor properties. Here I will discuss some of our recent work using neutron scattering and x-ray diffraction to probe the properties of the PNR in two prototypical lead based perovskite relaxor systems Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PZN), Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN), and their solid solutions with PbTiO3 (PT). The local atomic structures in the PNR are rather complicated, consisting of polarizations/atomic shifts along both < 110 > and < 100 > directions. These different (components of) local polarizations respond differently to external electric fields along [ 001] or [ 111] directions; and are associated with phonons of different polarizations (T1 and T2 phonon modes). Our work also indicates that the PNR are dynamic at high temperatures well above the Curie temperature T C, and gradually freeze with cooling. A significant portion of the PNR has already become static before a long-range polar order can be established in the bulk. The short-range polar order in the PNR is quite robust, and persists when the system is cooled (with or without external electric field) into the ferroelectric phase. Because of the frustration between charge neutrality and lattice strain in relaxor systems, the low temperature phase of these relaxor materials usually does not have perfect long-range order, but rather a phase where both short-range and long-range polar orders coexist and compete. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM gxu@bnl.gov NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 320 AR 012081 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/320/1/012081 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BYM52 UT WOS:000299350600081 ER PT S AU Gofryk, K Sefat, AS McGuire, MA Sales, BC Mandrus, D Imai, T Thompson, JD Bauer, ED Ronning, F AF Gofryk, K. Sefat, A. S. McGuire, M. A. Sales, B. C. Mandrus, D. Imai, T. Thompson, J. D. Bauer, E. D. Ronning, F. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Effect of annealing on the specific heat of optimally doped Ba(Fe(0.92)Co(0.08))(2)As(2) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM AB We report the temperature dependence of the low-temperature specific heat down to 400 mK of the electron-doped Ba(Fe(0.92)Co (0.0 8))(2)As(2) superconductors. We have measured two samples extracted from the same batch: first sample has been measured just after preparation with no additional heat treatment. The sample shows T(c)=20 K, residual specific heat gamma(0)=3.6 mJ/mol K(2) and a Schottky-like contribution at low temperatures. A second sample has been annealed at 800 degrees C for two weeks and shows T(c)=25 K and gamma(0)=1.4 mJ/mol K(2). By subtracting the lattice specific heat, from pure BaFe(2)As(2), the temperature dependence of the electronic specific heat has been obtained and studied. For both samples the temperature dependence of C(el)(T) clearly indicate the presence of low-energy excitations in the system. Their specific heat data cannot be described by single clean s- or d-wave models and the data requires an anisotropic gap scenario which may or may not have nodes. C1 [Gofryk, K.; Thompson, J. D.; Bauer, E. D.; Ronning, F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gofryk, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gofryk@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; McGuire, Michael/B-5453-2009; Gofryk, Krzysztof/F-8755-2014; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; OI McGuire, Michael/0000-0003-1762-9406; Gofryk, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8681-6857; Sefat, Athena /0000-0002-5596-3504 NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012094 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012094 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100094 ER PT S AU Joyce, JJ Durakiewicz, T Graham, KS Bauer, ED Moore, DP Mitchell, JN Kennison, JA Martin, RL Roy, LE Scuseria, GE AF Joyce, J. J. Durakiewicz, T. Graham, K. S. Bauer, E. D. Moore, D. P. Mitchell, J. N. Kennison, J. A. Martin, R. L. Roy, L. E. Scuseria, G. E. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Pu Electronic Structure and Photoelectron Spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID PLUTONIUM; STATES AB The electronic structure of PuCoGa(5), Pu metal, and PuO(2) is explored using photoelectron spectroscopy. Ground state electronic properties are inferred from temperature dependent photoemission near the Fermi energy for Pu metal. Angle-resolved photoemission details the energy vs. crystal momentum landscape near the Fermi energy for PuCoGa(5)which shows significant dispersion in the quasiparticle peak near the Fermi energy. For the Mott insulators AnO(2)(An = U, Pu) the photoemission results are compared against hybrid functional calculations and the model prediction of a crossover from ionic to covalent bonding is found to be reasonable. C1 [Joyce, J. J.; Durakiewicz, T.; Graham, K. S.; Bauer, E. D.; Moore, D. P.; Mitchell, J. N.; Kennison, J. A.; Martin, R. L.; Roy, L. E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Joyce, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM jjoyce@lanl.gov RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Mitchell, Jeremy/E-2875-2010; OI Mitchell, Jeremy/0000-0001-7109-3505; Durakiewicz, Tomasz/0000-0002-1980-1874; Moore, David/0000-0002-0645-587X; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012023 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012023 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100023 ER PT S AU Kurita, N Miclea, CF Putzke, C Seyfarth, G Capan, C Bianchi, A Fisk, Z Thompson, JD Movshovich, R AF Kurita, N. Miclea, C. F. Putzke, C. Seyfarth, G. Capan, C. Bianchi, A. Fisk, Z. Thompson, J. D. Movshovich, R. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Low-temperature thermal conductivity of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor LaRhSi(3) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID INVERSION SYMMETRY AB We report on low-temperature thermal conductivity of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor LaRhSi(3) (T(c) = 2.3 K), which is a paramagnetic analog of the pressure-induced superconductor CeRhSi(3). In the normal state (either in zero field above T(c), or in magnetic field above H(c2)), the thermal conductivity kappa is mostly due to electrons, and shows a nearly T-linear dependence. In the superconducting state, kappa decreases exponentially below T(c), and crosses over to kappa proportional to T(2) behavior at T << T(c). The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of LaRhSi(3) is similar to that of a number of conventional s-wave superconductors. The field dependence of the residual linear term kappa(0)/T as a function of magnetic field suggests that LaRhSi(3) has no nodes in the superconducting gap. C1 [Kurita, N.; Miclea, C. F.; Thompson, J. D.; Movshovich, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kurita, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM KURITA.Nobuyuki@nims.go.jp RI Bianchi, Andrea/E-9779-2010 OI Bianchi, Andrea/0000-0001-9340-6971 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012077 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012077 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100077 ER PT S AU Kurita, N Ronning, F Miclea, CF Tokiwa, Y Bauer, ED Subedi, A Singh, DJ Sakai, H Thompson, JD Movshovich, R AF Kurita, N. Ronning, F. Miclea, C. F. Tokiwa, Y. Bauer, E. D. Subedi, A. Singh, D. J. Sakai, H. Thompson, J. D. Movshovich, R. BE Ronning, F Batista, C TI Fully gapped superconductivity in Ni-pnictide superconductors BaNi(2)As(2) and SrNi(2)P(2) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STRONGLY CORRELATED ELECTRON SYSTEMS (SCES 2010) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 2010) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2010 CL Santa Fe, NM SP Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Dept Energy Natl Labs, Quantum Design, ICAM-I2CAM ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; FIELD AB We have performed low-temperature specific heat C and thermal conductivity kappa measurements on the Ni-pnictide superconductors BaNi(2)As(2) (T(c) = 0.7 K) and SrNi(2)P(2) (T(c) = 1.4 K). The temperature dependences C(T) and kappa(T) of the two compounds are similar to the results of a number of s-wave superconductors. Furthermore, the concave field responses of the residual kappa for BaNi(2)As(2) rules out the presence of nodes on the Fermi surfaces. We postulate that fully gapped superconductivity could be universal for Ni-pnictide superconductors. Specific heat data on Ba(0.6)La(0.4)Ni(2)As(2) shows a mild suppression of T(c) and H(c2) relative to BaNi(2)As(2). C1 [Kurita, N.; Ronning, F.; Miclea, C. F.; Tokiwa, Y.; Bauer, E. D.; Sakai, H.; Thompson, J. D.; Movshovich, R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kurita, N (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM KURITA.Nobuyuki@nims.go.jp RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/P-6593-2015 OI Tokiwa, Yoshifumi/0000-0002-6294-7879 NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 273 AR 012097 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/273/1/012097 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BVD96 UT WOS:000291224100097 ER PT J AU Raybourn, EM AF Raybourn, Elaine M. BE Bruzzone, A Buck, W Sokolowski, JA TI INCORPORATING REFLECTION INTO LEARNER AND INSTRUCTOR MODELS FOR ADAPTIVE AND PREDICTIVE COMPUTER-BASED TUTORING ADAPTIVE AND PREDICTIVE COMPUTER-BASED TUTORING TRACK SO INTERNATIONAL DEFENSE AND HOMELAND SECURITY SIMULATION WORKSHOP, (DHSS 2011) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Defense and Homeland Security Simulation Workshop (DHSS) CY SEP 12-14, 2011 CL Rome, ITALY SP Univ Genoa, DIPTEM, Liophant Simulat, Simulat Team, Int Mediterranean & Latin Amer Council Simulat, Univ Calabria, Mech Dept, Lab Enterprise Solut, Modeling & Simulat Ctr, Modeling & Simulat Ctr Excellence, Riga Tech Univ, MISS Lativan Ctr, LOGISIM, Lab Sci Informat Syst, Movimento Italiano Modellazione Simulazione, Univ Perugia, McLeod Inst SImulat Sci, McLeod Inst SImulat Sci, Brasilian Ctr, LAMCE COPPE UFRJ, McLeod Inst SImulat Sci, Mcleod Modeling & Simulat Network, Lativan Simulat Soc, Ecole Super Ingn Sci Appliquees, Fac Ciencia Exactas Ingn Agrimensura, Univ Laguna, CIFASIS CONICET UNR UPCAM, Inst Syst & Technologies Informat Control & Commun DE adaptive; predictive tutoring; games; learner model; Reflective Observer/Evaluator; instructor model; reflection ID FOSTERS METACOGNITIVE AGILITY; GAME AB In the present paper the act of learner reflection during training with an adaptive or predictive computer-based tutor is considered a learner-system interaction. Incorporating reflection and real-time evaluation of peer performance into adaptive and predictive computer-based tutoring can support the development of automated adaptation. Allowing learners to refine and inform student models from reflective practice with independent open learner models may improve overall accuracy and relevancy. Given the emphasis on self-directed peer learning with adaptive technology, learner and instructor modeling research continue to be critical research areas for education and training technology. C1 [Raybourn, Elaine M.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Raybourn, Elaine M.] Adv Distributed Learning Initiat, Livermore, CA USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM emraybo@sandia.gov FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DEAC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DEAC04-94AL85000. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DIPTEM UNIV GENOA PI GENOA PA VIA OPERA OUA 15, GENOA, 16145, ITALY BN 978-88-903724-3-8 PY 2011 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BG8PN UT WOS:000392603200017 ER PT J AU Silling, SA AF Silling, S. A. TI A COARSENING METHOD FOR LINEAR PERIDYNAMICS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE coarse-graining; multiscale; nonlocal; continuum mechanics; elasticity; computational mechanics; molecular dynamics ID LONG-RANGE FORCES; SOLID MECHANICS; ELASTICITY; EQUATION; CONVERGENCE; MODEL; BAR AB A method is obtained for deriving peridynamic material models for a sequence of increasingly coarsened descriptions of a body. The starting point is a known detailed, small scale linearized state-based description. Each successively coarsened model excludes some of the material present in the previous model, and the length scale increases accordingly. This excluded material, while not present explicitly in the coarsened model, is nevertheless taken into account implicitly through its effect on the forces in the coarsened material. Numerical examples demonstrate that the method accurately reproduces the effective elastic properties of a composite as well as the effect of a small defect in a homogeneous medium. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Silling, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, POB 5800,MS-1322, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM sasilli@sandia.gov FU NASA [NNL09AA18I]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The author gratefully acknowledges helpful discussions with Drs. John Aidun, Abe Askari, Florin Bobaru, Richard B. Lehoucq, Michael L. Parks, and Olaf Weckner. This work was performed under a Laboratory Directed Research and Development project at Sandia National Laboratories and additionally supported by NASA Interagency Agreement NNL09AA18I. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 29 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 609 EP 621 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 882TS UT WOS:000299587400002 ER PT J AU Weckner, O Silling, SA AF Weckner, Olaf Silling, Stewart A. TI DETERMINATION OF NONLOCAL CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS FROM PHONON DISPERSION RELATIONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nonlocal elasticity; long-range forces; integral equations ID LONG-RANGE FORCES; PERIDYNAMIC STATES; LINEAR ELASTICITY; DYNAMICS; CONVERGENCE AB All materials exhibit wave dispersion at 'small' wavelengths leading to non-linearities in experimentally determined dispersion curves. Classical local elasticity fails to predict these non-linearities. Nonlocal continuum mechanics allows for the prediction of the elastic behavior over a considerably wider range of lengthscales. Starting from ab initio lattice dynamics calculations we determine the elastic constants and the phonon dispersion relation for silicon. We verify our results using inelastic neutron scattering data. Next we develop the theoretical and numerical framework to construct nonlocal constitutive equations for longitudinal and transverse acoustic modes. C1 [Weckner, Olaf] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Silling, Stewart A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Multiscale Dynam Mat Modeling Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weckner, O (reprint author), Boeing Co, POB 3707,MC 42-26, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. EM olaf.weckner@boeing.com FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We thank Stephen Christensen and Andrea Browning from The Boeing Company for their invaluable help in deriving phonon dispersion relations using lattice dynamics calculations. Also we are very grateful to Juliane Dunkel for her critical reading of the manuscript. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 623 EP 634 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 882TS UT WOS:000299587400003 ER PT J AU Burch, N Lehoucq, RB AF Burch, Nathanial Lehoucq, R. B. TI CLASSICAL, NONLOCAL, AND FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATIONS ON BOUNDED DOMAINS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nonlocal diffusion; fractional diffusion; anomalous diffusion ID LAPLACIAN EVOLUTION EQUATION; ADVECTION-DISPERSION; VECTOR CALCULUS; FORMULATION; TRANSPORT; BEHAVIOR AB The purpose of this paper is to compare the solutions of one-dimensional boundary value problems corresponding to classical, fractional, and nonlocal diffusion on bounded domains. The latter two diffusions are viable alternatives for anomalous diffusion when Fick's first law is an inaccurate model. In the case of nonlocal diffusion, a generalization of Fick's first law in terms of a nonlocal flux is demonstrated to hold. A relationship between nonlocal and fractional diffusion is also reviewed, where the order of the fractional Laplacian can lie in the interval (0, 2]. The contribution of this paper is to present boundary value problems for nonlocal diffusion including a variational formulation that leads to a conforming finite-element method using piecewise discontinuous shape functions. The nonlocal Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions used represent generalizations of the classical boundary conditions. Several examples are given where the effect of nonlocality is studied. The relationship between nonlocal and fractional diffusion explains that the numerical solution of boundary value problems, where the order of the fractional Laplacian can lie in the interval (0, 2], is possible. C1 [Lehoucq, R. B.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Burch, Nathanial] Colorado State Univ, Dept Math, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lehoucq, RB (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rblehou@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI DANBURY PA 50 NORTH ST, DANBURY, CT 06810 USA SN 1543-1649 EI 1940-4352 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 661 EP 674 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 882TS UT WOS:000299587400005 ER PT J AU Foster, JT Silling, SA Chen, WN AF Foster, John T. Silling, Stewart A. Chen, Weinong TI AN ENERGY BASED FAILURE CRITERION FOR USE WITH PERIDYNAMIC STATES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE peridynamic states; integral equations; dynamic fracture; energy failure criterion ID ELASTICITY THEORY; 4340 STEEL; BAR AB Peridynamics is a continuum reformulation of the standard theory of solid mechanics. Unlike the partial differential equations of the standard theory, the basic equations of peridynamics are applicable even when cracks and other singularities appear in the deformation field. Interactions between continuum material points are termed "bonds." In this paper, a method for implementing a rate-dependent plastic material model within a peridynamic numerical code is summarized and a novel failure criterion is then presented by analyzing the energy required to break all bonds across a plane of unit area (energy release rate); with this, one can determine the critical energy density required to irreversibly fail a single bond. By failing individual bonds, this allows cracks to initiate, coalesce, and propagate without a prescribed external crack law. This is demonstrated using experimentally collected fracture toughness measurements to evaluate the energy release rate. Simulations are compared to experimental results. C1 [Foster, John T.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Mech Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Foster, John T.; Silling, Stewart A.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Chen, Weinong] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Foster, JT (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Mech Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM john.foster@utsa.edu RI Foster, John/K-5291-2016 OI Foster, John/0000-0002-7173-4728 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 23 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 675 EP 687 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 882TS UT WOS:000299587400006 ER PT J AU Seleson, P Parks, ML AF Seleson, Pablo Parks, Michael L. TI ON THE ROLE OF THE INFLUENCE FUNCTION IN THE PERIDYNAMIC THEORY SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR MULTISCALE COMPUTATIONAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE peridynamics; influence function; nonlocal ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CONVERGENCE; ELASTICITY; MODELS AB The influence function in the peridynamic theory is used to weight the contribution of all the bonds participating in the computation of volume-dependent properties. In this work, we use influence functions to establish relationships between bond-based and state-based peridynamic models. We also demonstrate how influence functions can be used to modulate nonlocal effects within a peridynamic model independently of the peridynamic horizon. We numerically explore the effects of influence functions by studying wave propagation in simple one-dimensional models and brittle fracture in three-dimensional models. C1 [Parks, Michael L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Seleson, Pablo] Florida State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Parks, ML (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mlparks@sandia.gov OI Seleson, Pablo/0000-0003-3279-4231 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories; DOE/OASCR [DE-FG02-05ER25698]; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94-AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories. P.S. also recognizes support from DOE/OASCR under grant number DE-FG02-05ER25698. The authors acknowledge several insightful discussions with Stewart Silling (Sandia), Max Gunzburger (Florida State), Rich Lehoucq (Sandia), and Per Arne Rikvold (Florida State). The authors thank the Florida State University shared High-Performance Computing Facility and staff for assistance with the 3D fracture simulations. The authors also acknowledge helpful comments from the two anonymous referees. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94-AL85000. NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1543-1649 J9 INT J MULTISCALE COM JI Int. J. Multiscale Comput. Eng. PY 2011 VL 9 IS 6 BP 689 EP 706 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 882TS UT WOS:000299587400007 ER PT J AU Elman, HC Miller, CW Phipps, ET Tuminaro, RS AF Elman, Howard C. Miller, Christopher W. Phipps, Eric T. Tuminaro, Raymond S. TI ASSESSMENT OF COLLOCATION AND GALERKIN APPROACHES TO LINEAR DIFFUSION EQUATIONS WITH RANDOM DATA SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; stochastic partial differential equations; polynomial chaos; stochastic Galerkin method; stochastic sparse grid collocation; Karhunen-Loeve expansion AB We compare the performance of two methods, the stochastic Galerkin method and the stochastic collocation method, for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) with random data. The stochastic Galerkin method requires the solution of a single linear system that is several orders larger than linear systems associated with deterministic PDEs. The stochastic collocation method requires many solves of deterministic PDEs, which allows the use of existing software. However, the total number of degrees of freedom in the stochastic collocation method can be considerably larger than the number of degrees of freedom in the stochastic Galerkin system. We implement both methods using the Trilinos software package and we assess their cost and performance. The implementations in Trilinos are known to be efficient, which allows for a realistic assessment of the computational complexity of the methods. We also develop a cost model for both methods which allows us to examine asymptotic behavior. C1 [Elman, Howard C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Elman, Howard C.] Univ Maryland, Inst Adv Comp Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miller, Christopher W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Appl Math & Sci Computat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Phipps, Eric T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tuminaro, Raymond S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Elman, HC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM elman@cs.umd.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG0204ER25619, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. National Science Foundation [CCF0726017]; U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Securety Administration through its Advanced Simulation and Computing Program; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ASCR Applied Math Research program FX Howard C. Elman was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DEFG0204ER25619, and by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant CCF0726017. Christopher W. Miller was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DEFG0204ER25619. Eric T. Phipps was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Securety Administration through its Advanced Simulation and Computing Program. Raymond S. Tuminaro was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science ASCR Applied Math Research program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 1 BP 19 EP 33 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.v1.i1.20 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V34QC UT WOS:000209099900002 ER PT J AU Eldred, MS AF Eldred, Michael S. TI DESIGN UNDER UNCERTAINTY EMPLOYING STOCHASTIC EXPANSION METHODS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE stochastic optimization; computational design; polynomial chaos; stochastic collocation; stochastic sensitivity analysis AB Nonintrusive polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and stochastic collocation (SC) methods are attractive techniques for uncertainty quantification due to their fast convergence properties and ability to produce functional representations of stochastic variability. PCE estimates coefficients for known orthogonal polynomial basis functions based on a set of response function evaluations, using sampling, linear regression, tensor-product quadrature, cubature, or Smolyak sparse grid approaches. SC, on the other hand, forms interpolation functions for known coefficients and requires the use of structured collocation point sets derived from tensor product or sparse grids. Once PCE or SC representations have been obtained for a response metric of interest, analytic expressions can be derived for the moments of the expansion and for the design derivatives of these moments, allowing for efficient design under uncertainty formulations involving moment control (e.g., robust design). This paper presents two approaches for moment design sensitivities, one involving a single response function expansion over the full range of both the design and uncertain variables and one involving response function and derivative expansions over only the uncertain variables for each instance of the design variables. These two approaches present trade-offs involving expansion dimensionality, global versus local validity, collocation point data requirements, and L-2 (mean, variance, probability) versus L-infinity (minima, maxima) interrogation requirements. Given this capability for analytic moments and moment sensitivities, bilevel, sequential, and multifidelity formulations for design under uncertainty are explored. Computational results are presented for a set of algebraic benchmark test problems, with attention to design formulation, stochastic expansion type, stochastic sensitivity approach, and numerical integration method. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Eldred, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Optimizat & Uncertainty Quantificat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mseldre@sandia.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 2 BP 119 EP 146 DI 10.1615/IntJUncertaintyQuantification.v1.i2.20 PG 28 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V34QD UT WOS:000209100000002 ER PT J AU Dalbey, KR Karystinos, GN AF Dalbey, Keith R. Karystinos, George N. TI GENERATING A MAXIMALLY SPACED SET OF BINS TO FILL FOR HIGH-DIMENSIONAL SPACE-FILLING LATIN HYPERCUBE SAMPLING SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; Monte Carlo; Latin hypercube sampling; space-filling; computational design; high-dimensional methods; regularity detection AB In the literature, space-filling Latin hypercube sample designs typically are generated by optimizing some criteria such as maximizing the minimum distance between points or minimizing discrepancy. However, such methods are time consuming and frequently produce designs that are highly regular, which can bias results. A fast way to generate irregular space-filling Latin hypercube sample designs is to randomly distribute the sample points to a pre-selected set of well-spaced bins. Such designs are said to be "binning optimal" and are shown to be irregular. Specifically, Fourier analysis reveals regular patterns in the multi-dimensional spacing of points for the Sobol sequence but not for Binning optimal symmetric Latin hypercube sampling. For M = 2(r) <= 8 dimensions and N = 2(s) >= 2M points, where r and s are non-negative integers, simple patterns can be used to create a list of maximally spaced bins. Good Latin hypercube sample designs for non-power of two dimensions can be generated by discarding excess dimensions. Since the octants/ bins containing the 2 M end points of an "orientation" (a rotated set of orthogonal axes) are maximally spaced, the process of generating the list of octants simplifies to finding a list of maximally spaced orientations. Even with this simplification, the "patterns" for maximally spaced bins in M >= 16 dimensions are not so simple. In this paper, we use group theory to generate 2(M) / (2M) disjoint orientations, and present an algorithm to sort these into maximally spaced order. Conceptually, the procedure works for arbitrarily large numbers of dimensions. However, memory requirements currently preclude even listing the 2(M) / (2M) orientation leaders for M >= 32 dimensions. In anticipation of overcoming this obstacle, we outline a variant of the sorting algorithm with a low memory requirement for use in M >= 32 dimensions. C1 [Dalbey, Keith R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Optimizat & Uncertainty Quantificat, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Karystinos, George N.] Tech Univ Crete, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kounoupidiana 73100, Chania, Greece. RP Karystinos, GN (reprint author), Tech Univ Crete, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Kounoupidiana 73100, Chania, Greece. EM karystinos@telecom.tuc.gr FU United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 3 BP 241 EP 255 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.v1.i3.40 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V34QE UT WOS:000209100100004 ER PT J AU Xu, XF Hu, KQ Beyerlein, IJ Deodatis, G AF Xu, X. Frank Hu, Keqiang Beyerlein, Irene J. Deodatis, George TI STATISTICAL STRENGTH OF HIERARCHICAL CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE load sharing models; statistical size effect; statistical failure; carbon nanotubes; hierarchical structure; Monte Carlo simulation AB In modeling and simulation of material failure, a major challenge lies in the computation of stress redistributions during the stochastic propagation of localized failures. In this study, an nth-order generalized local load sharing (GLLS) model is introduced to account for the complexity of such local interactions in an efficient way. The rule is flexible, covering a wide range of load sharing mechanisms between the equal load sharing and local load sharing types. A Monte Carlo simulation model employing various orders of this GLLS rule is used to study the effect of such load redistributions on the failure of a micron-scale carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber. These CNT fibers exhibit a hierarchical structure. At the lowest length scale are single- or multi-walled CNTs with nanoscale diameters (e.g., 1-10 nm), which are aligned and clustered to form small bundles at the next higher length scale (15-60 nm in diameter). Thousands of these CNT bundles aggregate and align to create CNT fibers with micron-scale diameters. The results of this study indicate that the mean strength of the CNT fibers reduces by approximately two-thirds of an order of magnitude when up-scaling from an individual CNT to a CNT fiber. This dramatic strength reduction occurs at three different stages of the up-scaling process: (1) from individual CNTs of length l(t) to CNT bundles of the same length; (2) from a CNT bundle of length lt to a CNT bundle of length l(b)(l(b)= 10l(t)); and (3) from CNT bundles of length l(b) to CNT fibers of the same length. The specific strength reductions during these three stages are provided in the paper. The computed fiber strengths are in the same general range as corresponding experimental values reported in the literature. The ability of the GLLS model to efficiently account for different mechanisms of load sharing, in combination with the multi-stage up-scaling Monte Carlo simulation approach, is expected to benefit the design and optimization of robust structural composites built up from carbon nanotubes. C1 [Xu, X. Frank; Hu, Keqiang] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Ocean Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07307 USA. [Beyerlein, Irene J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Deodatis, George] Columbia Univ, Dept Civil Engn & Engn Mech, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Xu, XF (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Civil Environm & Ocean Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07307 USA. EM x.xu@stevens.edu FU Department of Energy of the Early Career Principal Investigator Program [DE-FG02-06ER25732]; Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) [DR20110029]; National Science Foundation [CMMI-0928129] FX X. F. Xu and K. Hu acknowledge the support provided by the Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-06ER25732 of the Early Career Principal Investigator Program. I. J. Beyerlein acknowledges support provided by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project DR20110029. G. Deodatis acknowledges the support provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-0928129 with Dr. Mahendra P. Singh as Program Director. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 4 BP 279 EP 295 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.2011002456 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V34QF UT WOS:000209100200001 ER PT J AU Li, Y Anitescu, M Roderick, O Hickernell, F AF Li, Yiou Anitescu, Mihai Roderick, Oleg Hickernell, Fred TI ORTHOGONAL BASES FOR POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION WITH DERIVATIVE INFORMATION IN UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION LA English DT Article DE uncertainty quantification; representation of uncertainty; stochastic collocation; heat transfer; energy and the environment ID DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; OPTIMIZATION AB We discuss the choice of polynomial basis for approximation of uncertainty propagation through complex simulation models with capability to output derivative information. Our work is part of a larger research effort in uncertainty quantification using sampling methods augmented with derivative information. The approach has new challenges compared with standard polynomial regression. In particular, we show that a tensor product multivariate orthogonal polynomial basis of an arbitrary degree may no longer be constructed. We provide sufficient conditions for an orthonormal set of this type to exist, a basis for the space it spans. We demonstrate the benefits of the basis in the propagation of material uncertainties through a simplified model of heat transport in a nuclear reactor core. Compared with the tensor product Hermite polynomial basis, the orthogonal basis results in a better numerical conditioning of the regression procedure, a modest improvement in approximation error when basis polynomials are chosen a priori, and a significant improvement when basis polynomials are chosen adaptively, using a stepwise fitting procedure. C1 [Li, Yiou; Hickernell, Fred] IIT, Dept Appl Math, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Anitescu, Mihai; Roderick, Oleg] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Anitescu, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM anitescu@mcs.anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 2152-5080 EI 2152-5099 J9 INT J UNCERTAIN QUAN JI Int. J. Uncertain. Quantif. PY 2011 VL 1 IS 4 BP 297 EP 320 DI 10.1615/Int.J.UncertaintyQuantification.2011002790 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA V34QF UT WOS:000209100200002 ER PT J AU Alvarez, E Meier, A Weil, KS Yang, ZG AF Alvarez, Estefania Meier, Alan Weil, K. Scott Yang, Zhenguo TI Oxidation Kinetics of Manganese Cobaltite Spinel Protection Layers on Sanergy HT for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnect Applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEELS; METALLIC INTERCONNECTS; SOFC; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTIVITY; SCALES AB Chromia forming ferritic stainless steels (SS) exhibit many desirable qualities for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications. However, with these alloys, there is a need to prevent chromia volatilization and the associated chromium poisoning at the cathode-electrolyte interface, while ensuring low interfacial electrical resistance with the cell electrodes; a need that has generated renewed interest in the development of oxidation resistant, electrically conductive coatings. In the present study, screen printed (Mn,Co)(3)O(4) coatings were applied to a newly developed ferritic SS alloy, Sanergy HT(Cr-21.9%, Ni-0.5%, Mo-0.88%, Nb-0.60%, and Si-0.05%). The oxidation behavior of both the coated alloy and the bare alloy were evaluated at 800 degrees C in air for exposures times up to 1500 h. The oxidation kinetics, investigated using weight gain and scale thickness measurements, exhibited parabolic behavior for the bare alloy. The oxidation behavior of the coated material could not be explained by a single parabolic mechanism. The calculated parabolic thickening rate constants were compared with published data on other ferritic SS alloy compositions. C1 [Alvarez, Estefania; Meier, Alan] Alfred Univ, Inamori Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. [Weil, K. Scott; Yang, Zhenguo] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Alvarez, E (reprint author), Alfred Univ, Inamori Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. EM ealvare@clemson.edu FU NYSTAR through Center for Advanced Ceramic Technology (CACT) [C030093] FX The authors acknowledge NYSTAR for the funding through Center for Advanced Ceramic Technology (CACT) by a NYSTAR contract # C030093 CDP grant. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1546-542X J9 INT J APPL CERAM TEC JI Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. PY 2011 VL 8 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02421.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 703HI UT WOS:000285968600004 ER PT J AU Zhang, YX Sun, S Olsen, SC Dubey, MK He, JH AF Zhang, Yongxin Sun, Shan Olsen, Seth C. Dubey, Manvendra K. He, Jinhai TI CCSM3 simulated regional effects of anthropogenic aerosols for two contrasting scenarios: rising Asian emissions and global reduction of aerosols SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerosol effects; CCSM3; ENSO; teleconnection ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC BROWN CLOUDS; MODEL VERSION-3 CCSM3; CLIMATE; POLLUTION; MONSOON; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; CHINA AB This paper examines the effects of two largely contrasting aerosol emissions scenarios on regional climate using National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model version 3: (1) increasing the anthropogenic aerosols over China and India by a factor of three and (2) reducing the global anthropogenic aerosols by a factor of 10. Dynamic footprints of the increased Asian aerosols with monthly variations are obtained from Model for OZone And Related chemical Tracers simulations. Increasing Asian aerosol emissions would result in cooling and reduction of precipitation over China and India, with large warming over the USA and southern Canada in winter and cooling in summer. Additionally, large changes in rainfall rate are identified over the tropical regions. In contrast, reducing the global aerosol emissions by a factor of 10 would significantly warm the atmosphere especially over the polluted land areas of both hemispheres. Increases in rainfall over polluted land areas are also noted. Deepening of the Aleutian low and weakening of the Icelandic low in winter are noted in the 500-mb geopotential height under both scenarios suggesting a strengthening of the North Pacific storm track and weakening of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The polar regions of winter hemisphere are subject to large changes in the 500-mb geopotential height. Teleconnection patterns associated with ENSO play important roles in causing large changes in surface air temperature and rainfall far away from the source regions of the altered aerosol concentrations. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Zhang, Yongxin] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Sun, Shan] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Olsen, Seth C.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [He, Jinhai] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, YX (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, POB 1700 Sta CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. EM yongxin.fred@gmail.com RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Sun, Shan/H-2318-2015 OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [LA-UR-07-3930, LDRD200500014DR]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [2006CB403705]; National Science Foundation FX This work (LA-UR-07-3930) was supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory through the Laboratory Directed Research Development (LDRD) Program (Project Number: LDRD200500014DR; PI: Dr. Manvendra K. Dubey). Support was also provided to Y. Zhang by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the 973 Program (Grant Number: 2006CB403705; PI: Prof. Jinhai He). Three anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their constructive comments and suggestions for improving the manuscript. The model simulations were performed at the NCAR Computational and Information System Laboratory (CISL). NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 31 IS 1 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1002/joc.2060 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 703AE UT WOS:000285936200009 ER PT J AU Bojanowski, C Kulak, RF AF Bojanowski, Cezary Kulak, Ronald F. TI Multi-objective optimisation and sensitivity analysis of a paratransit bus structure for rollover and side impact tests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CRASHWORTHINESS LA English DT Article DE rollover; side impact; LSTC IIHS barrier; paratransit bus; multi-objective optimisation AB Paratransit buses are heavily used in the United States. A paratransit bus consists of custom passenger compartments mounted onto separate cutaway chassis. The lack of dedicated national crashworthiness standards, along with different construction methods used by paratransit fleet manufacturers, can result in a wide variance of passenger compartment structural strength. In August 2007, the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), to ensure adequate crashworthiness performance, introduced a standard stipulating that newly acquired buses must be tested for rollover and side impact conditions. The rollover test is performed using a tilt table test according to UN-ECE Regulation 66. The side impact test involves the impact of a bus by a common sport utility vehicle or pickup truck. In the current study, an original finite element model of a paratransit bus was used in LS-DYNA (R) simulations of both the rollover and the side impact testing procedures per FDOT standard. Using LS-OPT (R), a metamodel-based approach was used to perform multi-objective optimisation of the bus structure for the rollover and the side impact tests. The linear ANOVA and the Sobol's indices approach were used for sensitivity analysis. The structural components of the bus having the greatest influence on the bus performance in the simulated test scenarios were identified. The simulation results show that the original bus design would pass the FDOT testing procedure. However, appropriate redistribution of the mass can noticeably increase its strength for the side impact case. C1 [Bojanowski, Cezary; Kulak, Ronald F.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Transportat Res & Anal Comp Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Kulak, Ronald F.] RFK Engn Mech Consultants, Naperville, IL USA. RP Bojanowski, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Transportat Res & Anal Comp Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cbojanowski@anl.gov FU US Department of Transportation; US DOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration FX Argonne National Laboratory is a US Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC. Argonne's Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center (TRACC) is supported by the US Department of Transportation. Argonne's TRACC wishes to acknowledge Dawn Tucker-Thomas of the US DOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration for supporting this work. The authors acknowledge the strong support for this research from TRACC's Director, Dr. Hubert Ley. The authors would also like to express their appreciation to Robert Westbrook from the Transit Office of the Florida DOT and Dr. Jerry Wekezer from FAMU-FSU College of Engineering for allowing using the FE model of the bus. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1358-8265 J9 INT J CRASHWORTHINES JI Int. J. Crashworthiness PY 2011 VL 16 IS 6 BP 665 EP 676 DI 10.1080/13588265.2011.616118 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 868CA UT WOS:000298499900007 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG AF Berryman, James G. TI Mechanics of layered anisotropic poroelastic media with applications to effective stress for fluid permeability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anisotropic proelasticity; Effective stress; Fluid permeability ID POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; ROCK; FRACTURE; RESISTIVITY; DEPENDENCE; POROSITY; MODEL; FLOW AB The mechanics of vertically layered porous media has some similarities to and some differences from the more typical layered analysis for purely elastic media. Assuming welded solid contact at the solid-solid interfaces implies the usual continuity conditions, which are continuity of the vertical (layering direction) stress components and the horizontal strain components. These conditions are valid for both elastic and poroelastic media. Differences arise through the conditions for the pore pressure and the increment of fluid content in the context of fluid-saturated porous media. The two distinct conditions most often considered between any pair of contiguous layers are: (1) an undrained fluid condition at the interface, meaning that the increment of fluid content is zero (i.e., delta zeta = 0), or (2) fluid pressure continuity at the interface, implying that the change in fluid pressure is zero across the interface (i.e., delta pf = 0). Depending on the types of measurements being made on the system and the pertinent boundary conditions for these measurements, either (or neither) of these two conditions might be directly pertinent. But these conditions are sufficient nevertheless to be used as thought experiments to determine the expected values of all the poroelastic coefficients. For quasi-static mechanical changes over long time periods, we expect drained conditions to hold, so the pressure must then be continuous. For high-frequency wave propagation, the pore-fluid typically acts as if it were undrained (or very nearly so), with vanishing of the fluid increment at the boundaries being appropriate. Poroelastic analysis of both these end-member cases is discussed, and the general equations for a variety of applications to heterogeneous porous media are developed. In particular, effective stress for the fluid permeability of such poroelastic systems is considered; fluid permeabilities characteristic of granular media or tubular pore shapes are treated in some detail, as are permeabilities of some of the simpler types of fractured materials. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90R1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JGBerryman@LBL.GOV FU DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences FX Work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Support was provided specifically by the Geosciences Research Program of the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences. Additional support was provided by the Enhanced Geothermal Systems Demonstration Project on Induced Seismicity. All support of this research is gratefully acknowledged. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 EI 1879-2197 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 SI SI BP 122 EP 139 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.06.027 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 702NJ UT WOS:000285901100010 ER PT J AU Barai, P Weng, GJ AF Barai, Pallab Weng, George J. TI A micro-continuum model for the creep behavior of complex nanocrystalline materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Creep; Nanocrystalline materials; Nanoparticles and nano pores; Grain-size effects; Micromechanics ID STRAIN-RATE SENSITIVITY; GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; REINFORCED COMPOSITES; YIELD STRENGTH; FCC METALS; PLASTICITY; SOLIDS; MIXTURES; TENSILE AB A nanocrystalline material which has an average grain size of less than 100 nm is characterized with a significant portion of atoms residing in the grain boundaries or in the grain-boundary affected zone (GBAZ), while nanocrystalline materials with a more complex structure may contain additional strengthening nanoparticles or nano pores. In this article we develop a micro-continuum model to capture the creep response of such a complex nanocrystalline system. We make use of the concept of a three-phase composite with the GBAZ serving as the matrix, and grain interiors and dispresed particles (or voids) as two distinct types of inclusions. Both the grain interior and the GB zone are capable of undergoing the rate-dependent plastic deformation, but the strengthening nanoparticles or pores are taken to deform only elastically. During deformation the porosity will continue to evolve: its evolution is also addressed. In addition, the effect of temperature on the overall creep response is also accounted for. Several important features of creep characteristics in light of grain size, and nanoparticle and nanopore concentrations, are illustrated, and it is also demonstrated that the calculated results are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weng, George J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Barai, Pallab] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Weng, GJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM weng@jove.rutgers.edu RI Weng, George/J-3482-2014 OI Weng, George/0000-0003-1543-1535 FU Mathematical, Information and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; UT-Battelle, LLC; National Science Foundation [CMS-0510409] FX This research was sponsored by the Mathematical, Information and Computational Sciences Division, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC, and by the National Science Foundation, Mechanics and Materials Program, under CMS-0510409. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 49 IS 1 SI SI BP 155 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2010.09.019 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 702NJ UT WOS:000285901100012 ER PT J AU Zhang, YQ Freifeld, B Finsterle, S Leahy, M Ennis-King, J Paterson, L Dance, T AF Zhang, Yingqi Freifeld, Barry Finsterle, Stefan Leahy, Martin Ennis-King, Jonathan Paterson, Lincoln Dance, Tess TI Single-well experimental design for studying residual trapping of supercritical carbon dioxide SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Single-well test; Residual CO2 saturation; Geologic carbon sequestration ID VADOSE ZONE CHARACTERIZATION; PARTITIONING TRACER TEST; NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID; PUSH-PULL TESTS; OIL SATURATION; POROUS-MEDIA; GAS TRACERS; WATER; CONTAMINATION; SUBSURFACE AB The objective of our research is to design a single-well injection-withdrawal test to evaluate residual phase trapping at potential CO2 geological storage sites. Given the significant depths targeted for CO2 storage and the resulting high costs associated with drilling to those depths, it is attractive to develop a single-well test that can provide data to assess reservoir properties and reduce uncertainties in the appraisal phase of site investigation. The main challenges in a single-well test design include (1) difficulty in quantifying the amount of CO2 that has dissolved into brine or migrated away from the borehole; (2) non-uniqueness and uncertainty in the estimate of the residual gas saturation (S-gr) due to correlations among various parameters; and (3) the potential biased S-gr estimate due to unaccounted heterogeneity of the geological medium. To address each of these challenges, we propose (1) to use a physical-based model to simulation test sequence and inverse modeling to analyze data information content and to quantify uncertainty; (2) to jointly use multiple data types generated from different kinds of tests to constrain the S-gr estimate; and (3) to reduce the sensitivity of the designed tests to geological heterogeneity by conducting the same test sequence in both a water-saturated system and a system with residual gas saturation. To perform the design calculation, we build a synthetic model and conduct a formal analysis for sensitivity and uncertain quantification. Both parametric uncertainty and geological uncertainty are considered in the analysis. Results show (1) uncertainty in the estimation of S-gr can be reduced by jointly using multiple data types and repeated tests; and (2) geological uncertainty is essential and needs to be accounted for in the estimation of S-gr and its uncertainty. The proposed methodology is applied to the design of a CO2 injection test at CO2CRC's Otway Project Site, Victoria, Australia. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Yingqi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Leahy, Martin; Ennis-King, Jonathan; Paterson, Lincoln; Dance, Tess] CSIRO Petr, Clayton, Vic, Australia. RP Zhang, YQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90R1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yqzhang@lbl.gov RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009; Paterson, Lincoln/B-7156-2015; Zhang, Yingqi/D-1203-2015; Freifeld, Barry/F-3173-2010; OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906; Ennis-King, Jonathan/0000-0002-4016-390X FU Office of Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory through the Australian CO2CRC [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the review provided by Christine Doughty from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and thank the two anonymous reviewers for their most useful suggestions. Funding to support this study has been provided by the Assistant Secretary of the Office of Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and through the Australian CO2CRC. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 88 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.06.011 PG 11 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 717SC UT WOS:000287066700010 ER PT J AU Dooley, JJ AF Dooley, James J. TI Valuing national and basin level geologic CO2 storage capacity assessments in a broader context SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide capture and storage; Geologic CO2 storage assessments; Greenhouse gas mitigation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNDERGROUND-STORAGE; GAS-RESERVOIRS; AQUIFERS; CAPTURE; DISPOSAL; COST AB By their very nature, early national and basin scale assessments of geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage capacity must rely on simplifying assumptions and generalizations across a broad range of deep geologic structures. Key aspects of the technical literature and much of the public policy dialogue surrounding these assessments tend to emphasize the lack of detailed data and uncertainties at these scales. However, looking beyond the imperfections of data and methodology, the results of such assessments offer significant value in helping us to understand the potential for carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies to deploy across various regions of the world. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Joint Global Change Res Inst, 5825 Univ Res Court Suite 3500, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jj.dooley@pnl.gov OI Dooley, James/0000-0002-2824-4344 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1750-5836 EI 1878-0148 J9 INT J GREENH GAS CON JI Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 177 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.07.002 PG 2 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 717SC UT WOS:000287066700018 ER PT J AU Bhouri, M Goyette, J Hardy, BJ Anton, DL AF Bhouri, Maha Goyette, Jacques Hardy, Bruce J. Anton, Donald L. TI Sensitivity study of alanate hydride storage system SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen storage system; Numerical study; Fin thickness; Heat exchanger tubes ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; HEAT-EXCHANGER; DESIGN; REACTORS; DEVICE AB A successful metal hydride application is closely related to an optimized design of the storage hydrogen system. In previous studies, Hardy and Anton developed scoping and numerical models describing phenomena occurring during the loading process in an alanate storage system having the configuration of a cylindrical shell, tube and fin heat exchanger. In this paper, the numerical tool is used to evaluate the influence of varying the fin thickness and the number of heat exchanger tubes on both the loading and discharging processes. The objective is to evaluate the influence of the geometric parameters of these heat exchangers on the management of heat to be removed/supplied during the sorption process and thus optimize the loading/discharging times; while having the maximum possible volume for containing the hydride and the lightest weight of the storage system. Results showed that equipping the storage system with fins fitted to the heat exchanger tubes is the best design for efficient use of the hydride bed. In the absence of fins, a number of optimal tubes is determined, however, the hydrogen uptake rate is still lower than one obtained for the finned case and there is a reduction of volumetric and gravimetric storage capacities by comparison to the finned system. (C) 2010 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhouri, Maha; Goyette, Jacques] Univ Quebec, Hydrogen Res Inst, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. [Hardy, Bruce J.; Anton, Donald L.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Bhouri, M (reprint author), Univ Quebec, Hydrogen Res Inst, 3351 Blvd DesForges,POB 500, Trois Rivieres, PQ G9A 5H7, Canada. EM maha.bhouri@uqtr.ca FU Canadian International Development Agency; NSERC Hydrogen Canada (H2CAN) Strategic Research Network; Natural Resources Canada; United States Department of Energy through the Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence FX M.B. would like to thank the Canadian International Development Agency for a graduate student fellowship. This work was funded in part by the NSERC Hydrogen Canada (H2CAN) Strategic Research Network and by Natural Resources Canada.; B.J.H. and D.L.A. wish to acknowledge the support and funding of the United States Department of Energy through the Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of Excellence. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD JAN PY 2011 VL 36 IS 1 BP 621 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.009 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 731JR UT WOS:000288102700067 ER PT J AU Bray, TH Copping, R Shuh, DK Gibson, JK AF Bray, Travis H. Copping, Roy Shuh, David K. Gibson, John K. TI Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of a cerium(III) phosphomolybdate complex: Condensed and gas-phase cluster chemistry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Electrospray ionization; Quadrupole ion trap; Phosphomolybdate; Polyoxometalate; Cerium; Collision induced dissociation ID PH-DEPENDENCE; POLYOXOMETALATE; ANIONS; POLYOXOTUNGSTATE; KEGGIN; DAWSON; IONS AB Electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-QIT/MS) of the ammonium cerium(III) phosphomolybdate complex (NH4)(11) [Ce(III)(PMo11O39)(2)] in aqueous media has revealed a concentration-dependent behavior. Under fixed instrumental parameters, the Ce-containing polyoxomolybdate complexes H2Ce(III)P2Mo22O753- and Ce(III)PMo11O382- are the primary species present at 11 mM (pH =4.3); at 0.7 mM (pH =3.6), Ce(III)PMo10O352- is the predominant species, Ce(III)PMo11O382- is quite diminished, and H2Ce(III)P2MO22O753- is absent. As a result of the complex isotopic fingerprints from multiple molybdenums, compositions of such ions are difficult to assign successive collision induced dissociation (CID) of large ions produced smaller ions for which calculated and experimental isotopic patterns could be compared. The oxidation state of Ce and the number of counter cations on negative complexes was discerned from spectra of ions containing H-1(+) and 7 Li+. The overall result is an ESI method applicable to phosphomolybdate complexes containing redox sensitive f-block metal ions such as Ce(IV) and Pu(III/IV). Dissociation studies also gave insight into favored fragmentation pathways, and generated gas ions with empirical formulae similar to known condensed-phase ions. Deconvolution of concentration- and pH-dependent solution behavior via ESI/MS and P-31 NMR spectroscopy showed speciation dependent on solution concentration, not on pH. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bray, Travis H.; Copping, Roy; Shuh, David K.; Gibson, John K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM JKGibson@lbl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors thank Dr. Wayne Lukens and Dr. Rebecca Abergel for suggestions and assistance, and Dr. Philip Rutkowski for critical comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the U.S. Department of Energy at LBNL under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 299 IS 1 BP 35 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.09.015 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 694EW UT WOS:000285278800007 ER PT J AU Bang, BH Yoon, SS Kim, HY Heister, SD Park, H James, SC AF Bang, B. H. Yoon, S. S. Kim, H. Y. Heister, S. D. Park, H. James, S. C. TI Assessment of gas and liquid velocities induced by an impacting liquid drop SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW LA English DT Article DE BEM; Two-phase flow; Drop impact; Air entrapment; Aerodynamics effect; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; Splashing ID MOLTEN-METAL DROPLETS; SOLID-SURFACE; FLAT SURFACE; BUBBLE ENTRAINMENT; SINGLE DROP; DRY SURFACE; SPLASH; DEFORMATION; COLLISION; BOUNDARY AB A two-phase flow model using the boundary element method was applied to investigate the physics of a liquid drop impacting onto a solid, dry plate. Xu et al. showed that air pressure plays an important role in splashing: as air pressure was reduced, splashing of an ethanol drop with a Weber number of 838 was suppressed. This remarkable observation provided the motivation for the current modeling effort. We numerically investigate how air pressure affects the behavior of an impacting drop. Surveying both inside and outside the impacting drop, velocities of both the liquid and gas are computed. Simulations show that gas speed, as it is displaced by the falling drop, is more than three times higher than the incoming drop speed. Air entrainment induced by the displaced gas seems to be an important contributor to corona formation, which always precedes any instability, fingering, or splashing of the liquid. To describe drop-impact phenomena, the maximum spreading diameter of the drop and the topology of the impacting fluid are reported as functions of Weber number and gas density. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bang, B. H.; Yoon, S. S.; Kim, H. Y.] Korea Univ, Dept Mech, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Heister, S. D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Park, H.] ADD, Taejon 305152, South Korea. [James, S. C.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Mech, 5 Ga, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM skyoon@korea.ac.kr OI James, Scott/0000-0001-7955-0491 FU Ministry of Knowledge Economy [2009-3021010030-11-1]; Korea Research Council Industrial Science and Technology, Republic of Korea [B551179-08-03-00]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported by Research Center of Breakthrough Technology Program through the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (2009-3021010030-11-1). This study was partly supported by a grant from the cooperative R&D Program (B551179-08-03-00) funded by the Korea Research Council Industrial Science and Technology, Republic of Korea. The last author acknowledges that Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0301-9322 EI 1879-3533 J9 INT J MULTIPHAS FLOW JI Int. J. Multiph. Flow PD JAN PY 2011 VL 37 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2010.08.008 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 689YL UT WOS:000284966900006 ER PT J AU Weyens, N Truyens, S Saenen, E Boulet, J Dupae, J Taghavi, S van der Lelie, D Carleer, R Vangronsveld, J AF Weyens, Nele Truyens, Sascha Saenen, Eline Boulet, Jana Dupae, Joke Taghavi, Safiyh van der Lelie, Daniel Carleer, Robert Vangronsveld, Jaco TI Endophytes and Their Potential to Deal with Co-Contamination of Organic Contaminants (Toluene) and Toxic Metals (Nickel) During Phytoremediation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE endophytes; toxic metals; organic contaminants; Ni; toluene; co-contamination ID HEAVY-METALS; BACTERIA; SOIL; DEGRADATION; POLLUTANTS; RESISTANCE; IMPACT AB The aim was to investigate if engineered endophytes that are capable of degrading organic contaminants, and deal with or ideally improve uptake and translocation of toxic metals, can improve phytoremediation of mixed organic-metal pollution. As a model system, yellow lupine was inoculated with the endophyte Burkholderia cepacia VM1468 possessing (a) the pTOM-Bu61 plasmid, coding for constitutive toluene/TCE degradation, and (b) the chromosomally inserted ncc-nre Ni resistance/sequestration system. As controls, plants were inoculated with B. vietnamiensis BU61 (pTOM-Bu61) and B. cepacia BU72 (containing the ncc-nre Ni resistance/sequestration system). Plants were exposed to mixes of toluene and Ni. Only inoculation with B. cepacia VM1468 resulted in decreased Ni and toluene phytotoxicity, as measured by a protective effect on plant growth and decreased activities of enzymes involved in antioxidative defence (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase) in the roots. Besides, plants inoculated with B. cepacia VM1468 and B. vietnamiensis BU61 released less toluene through the leaves than non-inoculated plants and those inoculated with B. cepacia BU72. Ni-uptake in roots was slightly increased for B. cepacia BU72 inoculated plants. These results indicate that engineered endophytes have the potential to assist their host plant to deal with co-contamination of toxic metals and organic contaminants during phytoremediation. C1 [Weyens, Nele; Truyens, Sascha; Saenen, Eline; Boulet, Jana; Dupae, Joke; Carleer, Robert; Vangronsveld, Jaco] Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. [Taghavi, Safiyh; van der Lelie, Daniel] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Vangronsveld, J (reprint author), Hasselt Univ, Ctr Environm Sci, Agoralaan Bldg, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium. EM jaco.vangronsveld@uhasselt.be FU Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen); Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen); UHasselt Methusalem [08M03VGRJ]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, BER [KP1102010, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Brookhaven National Laboratory [LDRD05-063, 09-005]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was funded by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen) for N.W. and for J.D. and by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen), Ph.D. grant for J.B. This work was also supported by the UHasselt Methusalem project 08M03VGRJ. D.v.d.L. and S.T. are supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, BER, project number KP1102010 under contract DE-AC02-98CH10886, and by Laboratory Directed Research and Development funds (LDRD05-063 & 09-005) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. We thank J. Czech for GC analysis. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 3 BP 244 EP 255 AR PII 927134237 DI 10.1080/15226511003753920 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 714PQ UT WOS:000286821900003 PM 21598790 ER PT J AU Centofanti, T Tappero, RV Davis, AP Chaney, RL AF Centofanti, Tiziana Tappero, Ryan V. Davis, Allen P. Chaney, Rufus L. TI Chelator-Buffered Nutrient Solution is Ineffective in Extracting NI From Seeds of Alyssum SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE nickel; HEDTA; solution culture; seeds; localization; Alyssum ID NICKEL; HYPERACCUMULATION; LOCALIZATION; MURALE; PIXE AB Hyperaccumulator species of the genera Alyssum can accumulate 100 times more Ni than normal crops and are therefore used for phytomining and phytoextraction of nickel contaminated soils. Basic studies on the physiology and metal uptake mechanisms of these plants are needed to increase efficiency and uptake capacity of Nickel (Ni) by hyperaccumulators. Recent attempts to disclose if those hyperaccumulator species require higher Ni level than normal plants failed because of the high Ni content in the seeds (7000-9000 g g-1). In this study, we attempted to use chelator buffered nutrient solution to deplete Ni from the seed/seed coat and to obtain low Ni seedlings of Alyssum cultivars to be used in physiology studies. HEDTA-buffered nutrient solution did not deplete Ni from the seeds, perhaps because Ni was mainly localized within the seedling embryonic tissues with greatest Ni enrichment in the cotyledons and hypocotyls. We could not observe any positive correlation between seed fitness and germination capacity with seed Ni content. Investigation of nickel localization in Alyssum seeds using synchrotron X-ray microfluorescence (-SXRF) showed that nickel is localized in the embryonic tissues with greatest Ni enrichment observed in the cotyledons and hypocotyl. C1 [Centofanti, Tiziana; Davis, Allen P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Centofanti, Tiziana; Chaney, Rufus L.] Agr Res Serv, USDA, Environm Management & Byprod Utilizat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. [Tappero, Ryan V.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Centofanti, T (reprint author), Room 214,10300 Baltimore Ave,BLDG 007 Barc W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM tiziana.centofanti@gmail.com RI DAVIS, ALLEN/F-1066-2017 OI DAVIS, ALLEN/0000-0001-7818-1890 FU U.S. Department of Energy-Geosciences [DE-FG02-92ER14244]; Brookhaven National Laboratory Department of Environmental Sciences; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Portions of this work were performed at Beamline X27A, National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory. X27A is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy-Geosciences (DE-FG02-92ER14244 to The University of Chicago-CARS) and Brookhaven National Laboratory Department of Environmental Sciences. Use of the NSLS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2011 VL 13 IS 5 BP 434 EP 440 AR PII 929200607 DI 10.1080/15226514.2010.483264 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 733PV UT WOS:000288276000004 PM 21598774 ER PT J AU Beyerlein, IJ Mara, NA Bhattacharyya, D Alexander, DJ Necker, CT AF Beyerlein, Irene J. Mara, Nathan A. Bhattacharyya, Dhriti Alexander, David J. Necker, Carl T. TI Texture evolution via combined slip and deformation twinning in rolled silver-copper cast eutectic nanocomposite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE Multilayer; Nanocomposite; Twinning; Texture; Silver-copper ID AG FILAMENTARY COMPOSITES; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; STACKING-FAULT ENERGIES; LOW STRAIN-RATE; CU-AG; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN-SIZE; CONSTITUTIVE DESCRIPTION; MECHANICAL RESPONSE; FCC METALS AB In this work, a silver-copper (Ag-Cu) nanocomposite with 200 nm bilayer thickness and eutectic composition was rolled at room temperature and 200 degrees C to nominal reductions of 75% and higher. Initially the material had a random texture and {1 1 1} bi-metal interface plane. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the Ag and Cu phases developed the same brass-type (or 'alloy-type') rolling texture regardless of rolling reduction and temperature. Transmission electron microscopy analyses of the nanostructures before and after rolling suggest that adjoining Ag and Cu layers maintained a cube-on-cube relationship but the interface plane changed after rolling. Polycrystal plasticity simulations accounting for plastic slip and deformation twinning in each phase were carried out to explore many possible causes for the brass-type texture development: twinning via a volume effect or barrier effect, Shockley partial slip, and confined layer slip. The results suggest that the observed texture evolution may be due to profuse twinning within both phases. Maintaining the cube-on-cube relationship would then imply that neighboring Ag and Cu crystals twinned by the same variant and on a twin plane non-parallel to the original interface plane. Explanations for this unusual possibility for Cu are provided at the end based on the properties of the Ag-Cu interface. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beyerlein, Irene J.; Mara, Nathan A.; Bhattacharyya, Dhriti; Alexander, David J.; Necker, Carl T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beyerlein, IJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM irene@lanl.gov RI Beyerlein, Irene/A-4676-2011; Mara, Nathan/J-4509-2014; OI Mara, Nathan/0000-0002-9135-4693 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science. Office of Basic Energy Sciences [2008LANL1026] FX This research was supported as part of the Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science. Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number 2008LANL1026. NR 83 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 6 U2 66 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 27 IS 1 BP 121 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.05.007 PG 26 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 684RN UT WOS:000284567100006 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX Massoudi, M Chen, RH AF Phuoc, Tran X. Massoudi, Mehrdad Chen, Ruey-Hung TI Viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes stabilized by chitosan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE MWCNT nanofluids; Thermal conductivity; Viscosity; Stability ID PARTICLE CONCENTRATION; 2ND-GRADE FLUID; HEAT-TRANSFER; SUSPENSIONS; MODEL; FLOW; THERMODYNAMICS; NANOPARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT; SURFACTANT AB Thermal conductivity, viscosity, and stability of nanofluids containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) stabilized by cationic chitosan were studied. Chitosan with weight fraction of 0.1%, 0.2 wt%, and 0.5 wt% was used to disperse stably MWCNTs in water. The measured thermal conductivity showed an enhancement from 2.3% to 13% for nanofluids that contained from 0.5 wt% to 3 wt% MWCNTs (0.24 to 1.43 vol %). These values are significantly higher than those predicted using the Maxwell's theory. We also observed that the enhancements were independent of the base fluid viscosity. Thus, use of microconvection effect to explain the anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement should be reconsidered. MWCNTs can be used either to enhance or reduce the fluid base viscosity depending on the weight fractions. In the viscosity-reduction case, a reduction up to 20% was measured by this work. In the viscosity-enhancement case, the fluid behaved as a non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluid. By assuming that MWCNT nanofluids behave as a generalized second grade fluid where the viscosity coefficient depends upon the rate of deformation, a theoretical model has been developed. The model was found to describe the fluid behavior very well. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Phuoc, Tran X.; Massoudi, Mehrdad] Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Chen, Ruey-Hung] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940,MS 84-340, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM tran@netl.doe.gov FU DOE-NETL FX This work was supported by the DOE-NETL under the EPact Complementary program. NR 46 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1290-0729 J9 INT J THERM SCI JI Int. J. Therm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.09.008 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 705IZ UT WOS:000286123400003 ER PT S AU Alcorta, M Borge, MJG Cubero, M Diget, CA Dominguez-Reyes, R Fraile, L Fulton, BR Fynbo, HOU Galaviz, D Hyldegaard, S Jeppesen, HB Jonson, B Kirsebom, OS Madurga, M Maira, A Munoz, A Nilsson, T Nyman, G Obradors, D Perea, A Riisager, K Tengblad, O Turrion, M AF Alcorta, M. Borge, M. J. G. Cubero, M. Diget, C. A. Dominguez-Reyes, R. Fraile, L. Fulton, B. R. Fynbo, H. O. U. Galaviz, D. Hyldegaard, S. Jeppesen, H. B. Jonson, B. Kirsebom, O. S. Madurga, M. Maira, A. Munoz, A. Nilsson, T. Nyman, G. Obradors, D. Perea, A. Riisager, K. Tengblad, O. Turrion, M. GP IOP TI Properties of resonances in C-12 above the triple-alpha threshold SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC): NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys AB A complete kinematics study of the B-10 (He-3,p alpha alpha alpha) and the B-11 (3He,d alpha alpha alpha) reactions has been performed to study the multi-particle break-up of C-12 resonances above the triple-alpha threshold. The values of energy and widths of some states has been improved, and instates of natural parity partial branches of decay through the ground state of Be-8 have been extracted. The influence of the "ghost" of the Be-8 ground state has been taken into account in order to clarify the partial branches. C1 [Alcorta, M.; Borge, M. J. G.; Cubero, M.; Dominguez-Reyes, R.; Galaviz, D.; Madurga, M.; Maira, A.; Obradors, D.; Perea, A.; Tengblad, O.; Turrion, M.] CSIC, Inst Estruct Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Alcorta, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM malcorta@anl.gov RI Galaviz Redondo, Daniel/A-7325-2008; Diget, Christian Aaen/D-8063-2016; Turrion, Manuela/B-2280-2017; Alcorta, Martin/G-7107-2011; Cubero, Mario/H-3416-2012; Fraile, Luis/B-8668-2011; Jonson, Bjorn/B-2816-2014; Nilsson, Thomas/B-7705-2009; Dominguez-Reyes, Ricardo /H-4433-2015; Tengblad, Olof/O-5852-2015 OI Galaviz Redondo, Daniel/0000-0003-2992-4496; Diget, Christian Aaen/0000-0002-9778-8759; Turrion, Manuela/0000-0003-4941-3378; Alcorta, Martin/0000-0002-6217-5004; Fraile, Luis/0000-0002-6281-3635; Nilsson, Thomas/0000-0002-6990-947X; NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 092013 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/9/092013 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM51 UT WOS:000299349500013 ER PT S AU Berryman, JS Clark, RM Gregorich, KE Allmond, JM Bleuel, DL Cooper, RJ Cromaz, M Deleplanque, MA Dragojevic, I Dvorak, J Ellison, PA Fallon, P Garcia, MA Gates, JM Gros, S Gothe, O Jeppesen, HB Kaji, D Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Morimoto, K Nitsche, H Paschalis, S Petri, M Qian, J Stavsetra, L Stephens, FS Stoyer, MA Ross, TJ Watanabe, H Wiedeking, M AF Berryman, J. S. Clark, R. M. Gregorich, K. E. Allmond, J. M. Bleuel, D. L. Cooper, R. J. Cromaz, M. Deleplanque, M. A. Dragojevic, I. Dvorak, J. Ellison, P. A. Fallon, P. Garcia, M. A. Gates, J. M. Gros, S. Gothe, O. Jeppesen, H. B. Kaji, D. Lee, I. Y. Macchiavelli, A. O. Morimoto, K. Nitsche, H. Paschalis, S. Petri, M. Qian, J. Stavsetra, L. Stephens, F. S. Stoyer, M. A. Ross, T. J. Watanabe, H. Wiedeking, M. GP IOP TI Nuclear spectroscopy of the heaviest elements: studies of (254)No, (257)Rf, and (261)Sg SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC): NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID SINGLE-PARTICLE ENERGIES; SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS; K-ISOMERS; DECAY; STATES AB Recently it has become possible to perform detailed spectroscopy on nuclei beyond Z = 100 with the aim of understanding the underlying single-particle structure of superheavy elements. A number of such experiments have been performed at the 88-Inch Cyclotron of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory using the Berkeley Gas-filled Separator (BGS), coupled with delayed gamma-ray and electron-decay spectroscopy. Experiments have been performed on (254)No (Z = 102), (257)Rf (Z = 104), and (261)Sg (Z = 106). The results provide new information on the properties of transactinide nuclei, which is important for testing models of the heaviest elements. C1 [Berryman, J. S.; Clark, R. M.; Gregorich, K. E.; Cromaz, M.; Deleplanque, M. A.; Dragojevic, I.; Dvorak, J.; Ellison, P. A.; Fallon, P.; Garcia, M. A.; Gates, J. M.; Gros, S.; Gothe, O.; Jeppesen, H. B.; Lee, I. Y.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Nitsche, H.; Paschalis, S.; Petri, M.; Qian, J.; Stavsetra, L.; Stephens, F. S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Berryman, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM berrymaj@nscl.msu.edu RI Petri, Marina/H-4630-2016; Paschalis, Stefanos/H-8758-2016; OI Petri, Marina/0000-0002-3740-6106; Paschalis, Stefanos/0000-0002-9113-3778; Allmond, James Mitchell/0000-0001-6533-8721 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 092017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/9/092017 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM51 UT WOS:000299349500017 ER PT S AU Carpenter, MP Janssens, RVF Zhu, S Frauendorf, S AF Carpenter, M. P. Janssens, R. V. F. Zhu, S. Frauendorf, S. GP IOP TI New Results on Octupole Collectivity SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC): NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID ISOTOPES; NUCLEI AB Octupole correlations play an important role in determining the level structure of nuclei throughout the periodic chart. Microscopically, octupole correlations are the result of the long-range, octupole-octupole interaction between nucleons occupying pairs of orbitals which differ in both orbital and total angular momentum by 3 units. A review of some of the most recent findings on octupole correlations is given. Emphasis is placed on new results from the actinide region, where two distinct collective modes have long been identified: octupole vibration and octupole deformation. These new results include negative-parity structures which appear to evolve from an octupole vibration into a static octupole deformed mode. In addition, newly observed rotational structures built on an excited 0(+) state have been tentatively associated with a double-octupole phonon excitation. These newly observed properties can be successively described by calculations based on the concept of rotational-aligned octupole phonon condensation. C1 [Carpenter, M. P.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Zhu, S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Carpenter, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM carpenter@anl.gov RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 092006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/9/092006 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM51 UT WOS:000299349500006 ER PT S AU Kay, BP Schiffer, JP Freeman, SJ Back, BB Bedoor, S Baker, SI Bloxham, T Clark, JA Deibel, CM Hoffman, CR Howard, AM Lighthall, JC Marley, ST Rehm, KE Sharp, DK Shetty, DV Thomas, JS Wuosmaa, AH AF Kay, B. P. Schiffer, J. P. Freeman, S. J. Back, B. B. Bedoor, S. Baker, S. I. Bloxham, T. Clark, J. A. Deibel, C. M. Hoffman, C. R. Howard, A. M. Lighthall, J. C. Marley, S. T. Rehm, K. E. Sharp, D. K. Shetty, D. V. Thomas, J. S. Wuosmaa, A. H. GP IOP TI Study of valence neutrons in (136)Xe with HELIOS SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC): NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID INVERSE KINEMATICS; NUCLEAR-STRUCTURE; BEAMS; D,P AB The single-neutron adding (d,p) reaction has been performed on (136)Xe in inverse kinematics at 10 MeV/u. The position, time-of-flight, and energy of the outgoing protons were analyzed by the new helical orbit spectrometer, HELIOS, at Argonne National Laboratory. An excitation-energy resolution of less than or similar to 100 keV was obtained in the outgoing proton spectra. The experimental setup is described, along with a technique of extracting absolute cross sections. Data are shown which illustrate the performance of the device. This measurement clearly demonstrates the potential of HELIOS for future heavy radioactive-beam studies. C1 [Kay, B. P.; Schiffer, J. P.; Back, B. B.; Baker, S. I.; Clark, J. A.; Deibel, C. M.; Hoffman, C. R.; Lighthall, J. C.; Marley, S. T.; Rehm, K. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kay, BP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kay@phy.anl.gov RI Kay, Benjamin/F-3291-2011 OI Kay, Benjamin/0000-0002-7438-0208 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 092034 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/9/092034 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM51 UT WOS:000299349500034 ER PT S AU Paschalis, S Fallon, P Macchiavelli, AO Petri, M Bender, PC Carpenter, MP Chen, X Chiara, CJ Clark, RM Cromaz, M Gros, S Hamilton, L Hoffman, CR Janssens, RVF Lauritsen, T Lee, IY Lister, CJ McCutchan, EA Phair, L Reviol, W Sarantites, DG Seweryniak, D Tabor, SL Toh, Y Wiedeking, M Zhu, S AF paschalis, S. Fallon, P. Macchiavelli, A. O. Petri, M. Bender, P. C. Carpenter, M. P. Chen, X. Chiara, C. J. Clark, R. M. Cromaz, M. Gros, S. Hamilton, L. Hoffman, C. R. Janssens, R. V. F. Lauritsen, T. Lee, I. Y. Lister, C. J. McCutchan, E. A. Phair, L. Reviol, W. Sarantites, D. G. Seweryniak, D. Tabor, S. L. Toh, Y. Wiedeking, M. Zhu, S. GP IOP TI The deformed 0(+) state in (34)Si SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC): NUCLEAR STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID SHELL-MODEL; ISOTOPES; GAMMASPHERE; SCHEMES; SODIUM; MASSES AB The energy of the lowest deformed 2-particle 2-hole (2p2h) 0(+) state in even-even N=20 nuclei is a key observable directly related to the size of the neutron N=20 shell closure. (34)Si, with 14 protons and 20 neutrons, lies at the boundary of the "island of inversion", where the deformed 2p2h 0(+) state is the ground state in even-A nuclei. In (34)Si, the 2p2h 0(+) state is expected to be particularly low lying - in some theories it is even predicted to lie below the first 2(+) state. While there have been a number of attempts, using various techniques, no experiment to date has been able to firmly locate the (34)Si 2p2h 0(+) state although a number of candidates have been suggested. Here we present, for the first time, data obtained from a fusion-evaporation reaction (18)O((18)O, 2p) to produce (34)Si. Gammasphere and Microball were used to detect gamma-gamma coincidences and charged particles (two protons), respectively. The increased sensitivity of this experiment using gamma-gamma coincidences and a high charged-particle detection efficiency helped to exclude previously reported candidates and provided a stringent limit on the anticipated gamma decay from the first 2(+) state to the 2p2h 0(+) state C1 [paschalis, S.; Fallon, P.; Macchiavelli, A. O.; Petri, M.; Clark, R. M.; Cromaz, M.; Gros, S.; Lee, I. Y.; Phair, L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Paschalis, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Petri, Marina/H-4630-2016; Paschalis, Stefanos/H-8758-2016 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Petri, Marina/0000-0002-3740-6106; Paschalis, Stefanos/0000-0002-9113-3778 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 092050 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/9/092050 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM51 UT WOS:000299349500050 ER PT S AU Imig, A AF Imig, Astrid CA Storage Ring EDM Collaboration GP IOP TI Polarimeter Development for an Electric Dipole Moment Search in a Storage Ring SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC): STANDARD MODEL TESTS AND FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys AB The search for a charged particle EDM in a storage ring with the goal of a statistical sensitivity of 10(-29) e.cm/year requires a very sensitive polarimeter. Studies described here have shown that systematic error effects can be handled and corrected to a sensitivity better than the required 10(-6) level. The required statistical precision was shown to be attainable using a thick scattering target onto which the stored beam is slowly extracted. Models for geometric and rate systematic error effects describe the results well. C1 [Imig, Astrid; Storage Ring EDM Collaboration] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Imig, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM imig@bnl.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 102007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/10/102007 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYN25 UT WOS:000299425100007 ER PT S AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, William J. GP IOP TI Precision electroweak tests of the standard model SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC): STANDARD MODEL TESTS AND FUNDAMENTAL SYMMETRIES SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; UNIVERSALITY; VIOLATION; CONSTRAINT; NEUTRON; DECAYS AB CKM Unitarity in the Standard Model predicts vertical bar V(ud)vertical bar(2) + vertical bar V(us)vertical bar(2) + vertical bar V(ub)vertical bar(2) = 1. Experiments currently give 0.9999(6). The outstanding agreement constrains "new physics" effects at the tree and quantum loop level. Examples considered are: exotic muon decays, heavy quark or lepton mixing, high scale induced 4 fermion operators (e.g. excited W* bosons from extra dimensions) and additional Z' gauge bosons. Also, combining K(mu 2) decays and CKM unitarity gives a charged Higgs mass bound m(H +/-) greater than or similar to 5 tan beta GeV. Constraints from other precisely measured electroweak observables are also discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM marciano@bnl.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 102002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/10/102002 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYN25 UT WOS:000299425100002 ER PT S AU McKeown, RD AF McKeown, R. D. GP IOP TI The Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Upgrade SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): HADRON STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID SPIN AB Construction of the 12 GeV upgrade to the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility is presently underway. This upgrade includes doubling the energy of the electron beam to 12 GeV, the addition of a new fourth experimental hall, and the construction of upgraded detector hardware. An overview of this upgrade project is presented, along with highlights of the anticipated experimental program. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP McKeown, RD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM bmck@jlab.org NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 032014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/3/032014 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM93 UT WOS:000299389600014 ER PT S AU Nakamura, SX Kamano, H Lee, TSH Sato, T AF Nakamura, S. X. Kamano, H. Lee, T. -S. H. Sato, T. GP IOP TI Extraction of P(11) Resonance from pi N Data and Its Stability SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): HADRON STRUCTURE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID CLOUDY BAG MODEL AB An important question about resonance extraction is how much resonance poles and residues extracted from data depend on a model used for the extraction, and on the precision of data. We address this question with the dynamical coupled-channel (DCC) model developed in Excited Baryon Analysis Center (EBAC) at JLab. We focus on the P(11) pi N scattering. We examine the model-dependence of the poles by varying parameters to a large extent within the EBAC-DCC model. We find that two poles associated with the Roper resonance are fairly stable against the variation. We also develop a model with a bare nucleon, thereby examining the stability of the Roper poles against different analytic structure of the P(11) amplitude below pi N threshold. We again find a good stability of the Roper poles. C1 [Nakamura, S. X.; Kamano, H.; Lee, T. -S. H.; Sato, T.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Anal Ctr EBAC, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Nakamura, SX (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Excited Baryon Anal Ctr EBAC, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM satoshi@jlab.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 032016 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/3/032016 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM93 UT WOS:000299389600016 ER PT S AU Millener, DJ AF Millener, D. J. GP IOP TI Structure of p-shell hypernuclei SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): HADRONS IN NUCLEI SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; SPIN-DEPENDENCE; HYPER-NUCLEI; TRANSITIONS; MODEL; LI-7(LAMBDA); B-11(LAMBDA); POTENTIALS; SIZE; HALL AB Shell-model calculations that include both A and Sigma configurations with p-shell cores are used to interpret gamma-ray transitions in Li-7(A), Be-9(A), B-10(A), B-11(A), C-12(A), N-15(A), and O-16(A) observed with the Hyperball array of Ge detectors. It is shown that the data puts strong constraints on the spin dependence of the AN effective interaction and that the A-Sigma coupling plays an important role. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Millener, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM millener@bnl.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 022005 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/2/022005 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYN40 UT WOS:000299436900005 ER PT S AU Ruan, LJ AF Ruan, Lijuan GP IOP TI Probing QGP medium properties using identified particles and new detector technology SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NEW FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; RESISTIVE PLATE CHAMBERS; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; J/PSI SUPPRESSION; BRAHMS EXPERIMENT; D+AU COLLISIONS; HADRON SPECTRA; QCD AB Two physics topics, jet quenching at high transverse momentum (p(T)) and baryon enhancement at intermediate p(T) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) will be introduced. Identified particle measurements up to high p(T) will be presented to study the color charge dependence of energy loss in the medium. The physics capabilities of the Time-of-Flight detector (TOF) at the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) will be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruan, LJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ruan@bnl.gov NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 052003 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/5/052003 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYK29 UT WOS:000299112900003 ER PT S AU Savard, G AF Savard, Guy GP IOP TI Large radio-frequency gas catchers and the production of radioactive nuclear beams SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NEW FACILITIES AND INSTRUMENTATION SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID ISOTOPE SEPARATOR; MASS-SPECTROMETER; ION GUIDE; ONLINE AB Gas catchers provide a means to transform radioactive recoils from various production mechanisms into low-energy beams of good ion optical properties. Recent developments with large radio-frequency gas catchers have pushed back purity and space-charge limitations in this technology to the point that it can now be used reliably for producing radioactive beams intense enough for various secondary experiments to be possible. The basic technology available and the current demonstrated capabilities are presented in the following. A number of examples of such systems currently under commissioning/construction/design at ANL to produce beams from fusion-evaporation, fission, deep-inelastic and fragmentation reaction products will also be presented together with the specific challenges to each approach and the chosen solutions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Savard, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM savard@anl.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 052004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/5/052004 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BYK29 UT WOS:000299112900004 ER PT S AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, D. J. GP IOP TI Computational Science and Innovation SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NUCLEAR APPLICATIONS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID NUCLEI AB Simulations - utilizing computers to solve complicated science and engineering problems - are a key ingredient of modern science. The U. S. Department of Energy ( DOE) is a world leader in the development of high-performance computing (HPC), the development of applied math and algorithms that utilize the full potential of HPC platforms, and the application of computing to science and engineering problems. An interesting general question is whether the DOE can strategically utilize its capability in simulations to advance innovation more broadly. In this article, I will argue that this is certainly possible. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM David.Dean@science.doe.gov OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 062001 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/6/062001 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYM92 UT WOS:000299385900001 ER PT S AU Jiang, CL Back, BB Esbensen, H Janssens, RVF Rehm, KE Tang, XD AF Jiang, C. L. Back, B. B. Esbensen, H. Janssens, R. V. F. Rehm, K. E. Tang, X. D. GP IOP TI Do we understand heavy-ion fusion reactions of importance in stellar evolution? SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID THERMONUCLEAR REACTION-RATES; CROSS-SECTIONS; SUBCOULOMB ENERGIES; COULOMB BARRIER; SYSTEM; O-16 AB Since the first observation of hindrance in heavy-ion fusion, many extrapolated cross sections for astrophysically interesting fusion reactions, such as C-12 + C-12, C-12 + O-16, O-16 + O-16, O-24 + O-24 etc. need to be reexamined. In this contribution, the effects of fusion hindrance at extreme low energies are discussed. C1 [Jiang, C. L.; Back, B. B.; Esbensen, H.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Rehm, K. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM jiang@phy.anl.gov RI Tang, Xiaodong /F-4891-2016 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 042011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/4/042011 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BYN21 UT WOS:000299412800011 ER PT S AU Rogers, AM Lynch, WG Famiano, MA Wallace, MS Amorini, F Bazin, D Charity, RJ Delaunay, F de Souza, RT Elson, J Gade, A Galaviz, D Hudan, S Lee, J Lobostov, S Lukyanov, S Matos, M Mocko, M Tsang, MB Shapira, D Sobotka, LG Verde, G AF Rogers, A. M. Lynch, W. G. Famiano, M. A. Wallace, M. S. Amorini, F. Bazin, D. Charity, R. J. Delaunay, F. de Souza, R. T. Elson, J. Gade, A. Galaviz, D. Hudan, S. Lee, J. Lobostov, S. Lukyanov, S. Matos, M. Mocko, M. Tsang, M. B. Shapira, D. Sobotka, L. G. Verde, G. GP IOP TI Ground-state proton decay of (69)Br and implications for the rp-process (68)Se waiting-point SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID SECONDARY-ELECTRON EMISSION; ATOMIC MASS EVALUATION; X-RAY-BURSTS; DRIP-LINE; FRAGMENTATION; POSITION; DETECTOR; IMPACT AB The first direct measurement of the proton separation energy, S(p), for the proton-unbound nucleus (69)Br is reported. Of interest is the exponential dependence of the 2p-capture rate on S(p) which can bypass the (68)Se waiting-point in the astrophysical rp process. An analysis of the observed proton decay spectrum is given in terms of the (69)Se mirror nucleus and the influence of S(p) is explored within the context of a single-zone X-ray burst model. C1 [Rogers, A. M.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rogers, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM amrogers@phy.anl.gov RI Galaviz Redondo, Daniel/A-7325-2008; Verde, Giuseppe/J-3609-2012; Matos, Milan/G-6947-2012 OI Galaviz Redondo, Daniel/0000-0003-2992-4496; Matos, Milan/0000-0003-1722-9509 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 042020 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/4/042020 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BYN21 UT WOS:000299412800020 ER PT S AU Navratil, P Quaglioni, S Roth, R AF Navratil, Petr Quaglioni, Sofia Roth, Robert GP IOP TI Ab Initio Theory of Light-ion Reactions SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NUCLEAR REACTIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; NUCLEI; LENGTHS AB The exact treatment of nuclei starting from the constituent nucleons and the fundamental interactions among them has been a long-standing goal in nuclear physics. Above all nuclear scattering and reactions, which require the solution of the many-body quantum-mechanical problem in the continuum, represent a theoretical and computational challenge for ab initio approaches. After a brief overview of the field, we present a new ab initio many-body approach capable of describing simultaneously both bound and scattering states in light nuclei. By combining the resonating-group method (RGM) with the ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM), we complement a microscopic cluster technique with the use of realistic interactions and a microscopic and consistent description of the clusters. We show results for neutron and proton scattering on light nuclei, including p-Be-7 and n-He-8. We also highlight the first results of the d-He-3 and d-H-3 fusion calculations obtained within this approach. C1 [Navratil, Petr; Quaglioni, Sofia] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Navratil, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM navratil1@llnl.gov NR 62 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 082002 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/8/082002 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYN23 UT WOS:000299413400002 ER PT S AU Nobre, GPA Thompson, IJ Escher, JE Dietrich, FS AF Nobre, G. P. A. Thompson, I. J. Escher, J. E. Dietrich, F. S. GP IOP TI Reaction cross-section predictions for nucleon induced reactions SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NUCLEAR REACTIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID OPTICAL MODEL; SCATTERING; RANGE; CA-40 AB A microscopic calculation of the optical potential for nucleon-nucleus scattering has been performed by explicitly coupling the elastic channel to all the particle-hole (p-h) excitation states in the target and to all relevant pickup channels. These p-h states may be regarded as doorway states through which the flux flows to more complicated configurations, and to long-lived compound nucleus resonances. We calculated the reaction cross sections for the nucleon induced reactions on the targets Ca-40,Ca-48, Ni-58, Zr-90 and Sm-144 using the QRPA description of target excitations, coupling to all inelastic open channels, and coupling to all transfer channels corresponding to the formation of a deuteron. The results of such calculations were compared to predictions of a well-established optical potential and with experimental data, reaching very good agreement. The inclusion of couplings to pickup channels was an important contribution to the absorption. For the first time, calculations of excitations account for all of the observed reaction cross-sections, at least for incident energies above 10 MeV. C1 [Nobre, G. P. A.; Thompson, I. J.; Escher, J. E.; Dietrich, F. S.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nobre, GPA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM nobre1@llnl.gov RI Escher, Jutta/E-1965-2013 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 082033 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/8/082033 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYN23 UT WOS:000299413400033 ER PT S AU Thompson, IJ AF Thompson, Ian J. GP IOP TI The Theory of Partial Fusion SO INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE 2010 (INPC2010): NUCLEAR REACTIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC) CY JUL 04-09, 2010 CL TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys, Vancouver, CANADA HO TRIUMF, Canadian Natl Lab Particle & Nucl Phys ID FINAL-STATES AB A theory of partial fusion is used to calculate the competition between escape (breakup) and absorption (compound-nucleus production) following a deuteron-induced transfer of one neutron to a heavy nucleus at energies above the neutron escape threshold. Preliminary calculations are shown to yield excellent results for the competition between neutron absorption and neutron escape when deposited on actinides at energies up to 3 MeV. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl Theory & Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Thompson, IJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Nucl Theory & Modeling Grp, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM I-Thompson@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 312 AR 082041 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/312/8/082041 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BYN23 UT WOS:000299413400041 ER PT J AU De, AK Goswami, D AF De, Arijit Kumar Goswami, Debabrata TI Towards controlling molecular motions in fluorescence microscopy and optical trapping: a spatiotemporal approach SO INTERNATIONAL REVIEWS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE fluorescence microscopy; optical tweezers; spatiotemporal control ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; HIGH-REPETITION-RATE; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; COHERENT CONTROL; SENSITIVE MEASUREMENT; LASER-PULSES; MODULATION; PHASE; EXCITATION; TWEEZERS AB This account reviews some recent studies pursued in our group on several control experiments with important applications in (one-photon) confocal and two-photon fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy and optical trapping with laser tweezers. We explore the simultaneous control of internal and external (i.e. centre-of-mass motion) degrees of freedom, which require the coupling of various control parameters to result in the spatiotemporal control. Of particular interest to us is the implementation of such control schemes in living systems. A live cell is a system of a large number of different molecules which combine and interact to generate complex structures and functions. These combinations and interactions of molecules need to be choreographed perfectly in time and space to achieve intended intra-cellular functions. Spatiotemporal control promises to be a versatile tool for dynamical control of spatially manipulated bio-molecules. C1 [De, Arijit Kumar; Goswami, Debabrata] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kanpur 208016, UP, India. [De, Arijit Kumar] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [De, Arijit Kumar] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goswami, D (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kanpur 208016, UP, India. EM dgoswami@iitk.ac.in RI Goswami, Debabrata/A-9347-2009; De, Anindya/I-2255-2015; De, Arijit/I-1750-2013 OI Goswami, Debabrata/0000-0002-2052-0594; De, Arijit/0000-0002-5938-2766 FU Wellcome Trust Foundation (UK); DST (India); MCIT (India); CSIR (India) FX This review is dedicated to Prof. N. Sathyamurthy on his sixtieth birthday. Debabrata Goswami thanks the International Senior Research Fellows Program of the Wellcome Trust Foundation (UK) as it supported the major bulk of work presented here and also led to the PhD thesis of Arijit Kumar De, which may be found at http://library.iitk.ac.in/. We thank DST (India), MCIT (India) for additional funds. Arijit Kumar De thanks CSIR (India) for graduate fellowship during this period. The generous help extended by all our femtosecond laboratory members, most importantly, that by Debjit Roy, needs a special mention. Special thanks are due to Pardeep Kumar for insightful discussion on photo-thermal effect. NR 82 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-235X J9 INT REV PHYS CHEM JI Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2011 VL 30 IS 3 BP 275 EP 299 DI 10.1080/0144235X.2011.603237 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 880RQ UT WOS:000299425000001 ER PT B AU Budnitz, RJ AF Budnitz, Robert J. BE Ragaini, R TI OVERVIEW OF PASSIVE SAFETY FEATURES OF ADVANCED LIGHT WATER REACTORS SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 43RD SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2010 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Budnitz, Robert J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Budnitz, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4365-92-5 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2011 BP 107 EP 111 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG9ZR UT WOS:000394395000011 ER PT B AU Ingersoll, DT AF Ingersoll, Daniel T. BE Ragaini, R TI PASSIVE SAFETY FEATURES FOR SMALL MODULAR REACTORS SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 43RD SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2010 CL Erice, ITALY ID DESIGN AB The rapid growth in the size and complexity of commercial nuclear power plants in the 1970s spawned an interest in smaller, simpler designs that are inherently or intrinsically safe through the use of passive design features. Several designs were developed, but none were ever built, although some of their passive safety features were incorporated into large commercial plant designs that are being planned or built today. In recent years, several reactor vendors are actively redeveloping small modular reactor (SMR) designs with even greater use of passive features. Several designs incorporate the ultimate in passive safety they completely eliminate specific accident initiators from the design. Other design features help to reduce the likelihood of an accident or help to mitigate the accident's consequences, should one occur. While some passive safety features are common to most SMR designs, irrespective of the coolant technology, other features are specific to water, gas, or liquid-metal cooled SMR designs. The extensive use of passive safety features in SMRs promise to make these plants highly robust, protecting both the general public and the owner/investor. Once demonstrated, these plants should allow nuclear power to be used confidently for a broader range of customers and applications than will be possible with large plants alone. C1 [Ingersoll, Daniel T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Ingersoll, DT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4365-92-5 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2011 BP 113 EP 121 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG9ZR UT WOS:000394395000012 ER PT B AU Sofu, T AF Sofu, Tanju BE Ragaini, R TI SODIUM-COOLED FAST REACTOR (SFR) SAFETY SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 43RD SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2010 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Sofu, Tanju] Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Anal Dept, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sofu, T (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Engn Anal Dept, Nucl Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4365-92-5 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2011 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG9ZR UT WOS:000394395000013 ER PT B AU Difiglio, C AF Difiglio, Carmen BE Ragaini, R TI THE GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL AND DEEPWATER OIL DRILLING: INTRODUCTION SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 43RD SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2010 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Difiglio, Carmen] US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Difiglio, C (reprint author), US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4365-92-5 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2011 BP 133 EP 137 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG9ZR UT WOS:000394395000014 ER PT B AU Grahame, TJ AF Grahame, Thomas J. BE Ragaini, R TI DETERMINING WHICH TYPES OF FINE PARTICLES IN AMBIENT AIR HARM HUMAN HEALTH SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 43RD SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2010 CL Erice, ITALY ID EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT VISITS; HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; SOURCE-APPORTIONMENT; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; PM2.5 CONSTITUENTS; POLLUTION; MORTALITY; DISEASE; EXPOSURE AB For many decades, it has been accepted that particles in ambient air can harm human health. However, only within the last decade have advances in air pollution statistics and science made it possible to evaluate which specific types of tiny airborne particles might be most harmful to human health, or perhaps have limited toxicity. Population-based epidemiology is the standard method by which an air pollutant's harm to populations is estimated. It is important to include a large number of potentially harmful PM2.5 species in a given epidemiology model, so researchers can be assured that any associations found are not due to the absence of potentially important PM2.5 species. However, due in part to a lack of standardized available monitoring information for many different PM2.5 species, epidemiology studies rarely included many PM2.5 species in models until relatively recently. Epidemiology studies from the 1990s rarely included more than one or two PM2.5 species in models of health effect associations (although they often included gases). The only PM2.5 species consistently included in older studies was sulfate, which has been monitored for several decades. Perhaps unsurprisingly, sulfate was frequently associated with the health effects examined in the models. Because several epidemiology studies with 6 to 20 PM2.5 species have been published since 2008, there is now a "critical mass" of such at least 9 such studies. Cardiovascular disease daily emergency hospital admissions, daily mortality, or survival since enrollment in prospective cohort studies are the health endpoints examined. In 8 of the 9 studies, black carbon or elemental carbon (BC/EC) is significantly associated with the health endpoint of the study. In 8 of the 9 studies, sulfate is not significantly associated with the health endpoint considered. Despite the fact that the metals vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) are each a tiny fraction of PM2.5 species, every study which includes Ni, all but one which include V, find health associations with each. These studies, by themselves, may not be adequate to make policy determinations as to which types of emissions are most harmful, and which emissions may pose little health threats. The consistency of findings, however, is quite surprising. It is doubtful that many air pollution health experts would have predicted such consistent findings. These results may suggest that PM2.5 species capable of causing particular biological effects, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, might be the ones which cause significant portions of chronic and acute mortality and morbidity via these mechanisms. Such a possibility should spur additional toxicology research. To provide added confirmation of these epidemiological findings, it is important to utilize toxicology and human panel studies, where the exposure to specific emissions is known accurately. Doing so will allow us to see if biological mechanisms of harm found in toxicology, from exposure to particular PM2.5 species, would also be found in studies of humans using the same PM2.5 species. Adverse effects associated with particular PM2.5 species in population-based epidemiology studies, and effects caused by the same species in human panel studies, could then confidently linked. We will briefly review results of some human panel studies which allow such comparison of effects among different types of PM2.5 species. Because effects of BC/EC, and of traffic emissions, have been studied comprehensively, we will also briefly examine findings of two review articles of such studies. C1 [Grahame, Thomas J.] US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Grahame, TJ (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4365-92-5 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2011 BP 267 EP 280 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG9ZR UT WOS:000394395000030 ER PT B AU Plesko, CS Weaver, RP Bradley, PA Huebner, WF AF Plesko, Catherine S. Weaver, Robert P. Bradley, Paul A. Huebner, Walter F. BE Ragaini, R TI LOOKING BEFORE WE LEAP: AN ONGOING, QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ASTEROID AND COMET IMPACT HAZARD MITIGATION SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 43RD SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2010 CL Erice, ITALY ID EARTH; SIMULATION; ITOKAWA; BODIES AB There are many outstanding questions about the correct response to an asteroid or comet impact threat on Earth. Nuclear munitions are currently thought to be the most efficient method of delivering an impact-preventing impulse to a potentially hazardous object (PHO). However, there are major uncertainties about the response of PHOs to a nuclear burst, and the most appropriate ways to use nuclear munitions for hazard mitigation. C1 [Plesko, Catherine S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Weaver, Robert P.; Bradley, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Phys Theoret Design, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Huebner, Walter F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Phys, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Plesko, CS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4365-92-5 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2011 BP 413 EP 428 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG9ZR UT WOS:000394395000042 ER PT B AU Fulkerson, W Ongena, J Difiglio, C AF Fulkerson, William Ongena, Jef Difiglio, Carmen BE Ragaini, R TI REPORT OF THE ENERGY PERMANENT MONITORING PANEL SO INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR WAR AND PLANETARY EMERGENCIES, 43RD SESSION SE Science and Culture Series-Nuclear Strategy and Peace Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies CY AUG 19-24, 2010 CL Erice, ITALY C1 [Fulkerson, William] Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN USA. [Ongena, Jef] Ecole Royale Mil, Plasmaphys Lab, Brussels, Belgium. [Difiglio, Carmen] US DOE, Off Policy & Int Affairs, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Fulkerson, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Inst Secure & Sustainable Environm, Knoxville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4365-92-5 J9 SCI CULT-NUCL STRAT PY 2011 BP 577 EP 581 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BG9ZR UT WOS:000394395000059 ER PT S AU Kamae, T AF Kamae, Tuneyoshi BE Saito, S Tanaka, H Nakamura, T Nakamura, M TI Cosmic-Ray accelerators in Milky Way studied with the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM: NANOSCIENCE AND QUANTUM PHYSICS 2011 (NANOPHYS'11) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nanoscience and Quantum Physics CY JAN 26-28, 2011 CL Tokyo, JAPAN SP Tokyo Inst Technol, Phys GCOE Project ID LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE; RAPIDLY SPINNING PULSARS; ENERGETIC RADIATION; OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE; CRAB-NEBULA; FLARES; VELA AB High-energy gamma-ray astrophysics is now situated at a confluence of particle physics, plasma physics and traditional astrophysics. Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) and upgraded Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) have been invigorating this interdisciplinary area of research. Among many new developments, I focus on two types of cosmic accelerators in the Milky-Way galaxy (pulsar, pulsar wind nebula, and supernova remnants) and explain discoveries related to cosmic-ray acceleration. C1 Stanford Univ, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Kamae, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM kamae@slac.stanford.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 302 AR 012059 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/302/1/012059 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BXY29 UT WOS:000297607900059 ER PT S AU Bolotnikov, A Camarda, G Hossain, A Kim, KH Yang, G Gul, R Cui, YG James, RB AF Bolotnikov, Aleksey Camarda, Giuseppe Hossain, Anwar Kim, Ki Hyun Yang, Ge Gul, Rubi Cui, Yonggang James, Ralph B. BE Wang, Y Xie, H Jin, Y TI Development of CdZnTe Radiation Detectors SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHOTOELECTRONIC DETECTION AND IMAGING 2011: SENSOR AND MICROMACHINED OPTICAL DEVICE TECHNOLOGIES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging (ISPDI) - Sensor and Micromachined Optical Device Technologies CY MAY 24-26, 2011 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Astronaut, Photoelect Technol Profess Comm, CSA, Tianjin Jinhang Inst Tech Phys, CASIC, Sci & Technol Low Light Level Night Vis Lab DE CdZnTe; Radiation detectors; Crystal defects AB Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe or CZT) is a very attractive material for room-temperature semiconductor detectors because of its wide band-gap and high atomic number. Despite these advantages, CZT still presents some material limitations and poor hole mobility. In the past decade most of the efforts developing CZT detectors focused on designing different electrode configurations, mainly to minimize the deleterious effect due to the poor hole mobility. A few different electrode geometries were designed and fabricated, such as pixelated anodes and Frisch-grid detectors developed at Brookhaven National Lab (BNL) [1][2]. However, crystal defects in CZT materials still limit the yield of detector-grade crystals, and, in general, dominate the detector's performance. In the past few years, our group's research extended to characterizing the CZT materials at the micro-scale, and to correlating crystal defects with the detector's performance. We built a set of unique tools for this purpose, including infrared (IR) transmission microscopy, X-ray micro-scale mapping using synchrotron light source, X- ray transmission- and reflection-topography, current deep level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS), and photoluminescence measurements. Our most recent work on CZT detectors was directed towards detailing various crystal defects, studying the internal electrical field, and delineating the effects of thermal annealing on improving the material properties. In this paper, we report our most recent results. C1 [Bolotnikov, Aleksey; Camarda, Giuseppe; Hossain, Anwar; Kim, Ki Hyun; Yang, Ge; Gul, Rubi; Cui, Yonggang; James, Ralph B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bolotnikov, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM ycui@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-81948-832-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2011 VL 8191 AR 819129 DI 10.1117/12.901077 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BXX96 UT WOS:000297572400081 ER PT S AU Ciovati, G Kneisel, P Myneni, GR AF Ciovati, Gianluigi Kneisel, Peter Myneni, Ganapati R. BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI America's Overview of Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE Superconducting cavities; niobium ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL NIOBIUM; SRF CAVITIES AB This contribution will present an overview of the results from R&D programs in the USA over the past four years towards the development of ingot Niobium as a viable alternative material to fabricate SRF cavities for particle accelerators. Activities at several laboratories and universities include fabrication, surface treatment and RF testing of single- and multi-cell cavities and studies of the thermal, mechanical and superconducting properties of samples from ingots of different purity. Possible advantages of ingot niobium over standard fine-grain (ASTM 6) are discussed and a streamlined treatment procedure to fully exploit those advantages is proposed. C1 [Ciovati, Gianluigi; Kneisel, Peter; Myneni, Ganapati R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ciovati, G (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1063/1.3579221 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700003 ER PT S AU Ricker, RE Myneni, GR AF Ricker, R. E. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Thermodynamic Evaluation of Hydrogen Absorption by Niobium During SRF Fabrication SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE Superconducting niobium; fabrication; chemical polishing; electropolishing; hydrogen absorption AB The properties and performance of the ultra high purity Nb used to fabricate superconducting radio frequency (SRF) particle accelerator cavities have been found to vary with processing conditions. One hypothesis for these variations is that hydrogen, absorbed during processing, is responsible for this behavior. The key assumption behind this hypothesis is that niobium can absorb hydrogen from one or more of the processing environments. This paper reviews work examining the validity of this assumption. It was determined that Nb will spontaneously react with water producing adsorbed atomic hydrogen that is readily absorbed into the metal. The passivating oxide film normally prevents this reaction, but this film is frequently removed during processing and it is attacked by the fluoride ion used in the polishing solutions for SRF cavities. However, during electropolishing that cathodic reduction of hydrogen is transferred to the auxiliary electrode and this should suppress hydrogen absorption. C1 [Ricker, R. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 49 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579223 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700005 ER PT S AU Roy, SB Sahni, VC Myneni, GR AF Roy, S. B. Sahni, V. C. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, GR Ciovati, G Stuart, M TI Research & Development on Superconducting Niobium Materials via Magnetic Measurements SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE SUPERCONDUCTING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF INGOT NIOBIUM SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Superconducting Science and Technology of Ingot Niobium CY SEP 22-24, 2010 CL Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab, Int Symposium Hydrogen Matter HO Jefferson Lab DE Niobium; superconducting critical field; superconducting cavity ID OXYGEN AB We present a study of superconducting properties of both large grain (1 mm average grain size) and small grain (50 micron average grain size) Niobium materials containing varying amounts of Tantalum impurities that have been used in the fabrication of high accelerating gradient superconducting radio frequency cavities. We found that a buffered chemical polishing of these Niobium samples causes a distinct reduction in the superconducting parameters like T-C, wt- ppm to 1300 wt-ppm. Implications of these results on the performance of niobium superconducting radio frequency cavities are discussed, especially the anomalous high field RF losses that have been reported in the literature. C1 [Roy, S. B.] Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Magnet & Superconducting Mat Sect, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India. [Sahni, V. C.] Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Bombay 400085, Maharashtra, India. [Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Roy, SB (reprint author), Raja Ramanna Ctr Adv Technol, Magnet & Superconducting Mat Sect, Indore 452013, Madhya Pradesh, India. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0909-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1352 BP 56 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3579224 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Materials Science; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVW11 UT WOS:000292939700006 ER PT S AU Tchelidze, L Wells, DP Maloy, SA AF Tchelidze, L. Wells, D. P. Maloy, S. A. BE Kuriplach, J Prochazka, I TI Defect studies of stainless steel via positron annihilation energy spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON POSITRON STUDIES OF DEFECTS (PSD 08) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Positron Studies of Defects (PSD 08) CY SEP 01-05, 2008 CL Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC HO Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys ID RADIATION; SPECTRA AB High Energy proton (up to 800 MeV) and spallation neutron irradiated samples of stainless steel 316L and Mod 9Cr1Mo were studied using positron annihilation energy spectroscopy. Doses delivered to 316L were up to 10 displacements per atom (dpa) and doses to 9Cr1Mo were up to 2.5dpa. We studied the change of T-parameter, which is calculated as the ratio of the number of counts in the wings of the Doppler-broadened 511 keV peak to the number of counts in the center of the peak. T-parameter is related to the density of defects in the sample of interest. Higher defect densities induce, generally, smaller T-parameter, although this is complicated by additional effects that include the size, nature and other properties of defects that may lead to saturation of T-parameter. For the large doses studied, positron annihilation energy spectroscopy showed that the T-parameter dropped sharply from 0 to 3 dpa, and continued dropping up to 10 dpa. In 9Cr1Mo, similarly, T-parameter dropped sharply from 0 dpa to 1dpa, but from 1 dpa to 2.5 dpa it remained constant, indicating that the density of defects or T-parameter saturated with dose above 1 dpa in 9Cr1Mo. These results, where the change in T-parameter from zero dose to 1 or more dpa, is much larger than the effect that we see from one irradiated specimen to another, led us in both cases to investigate lower doses. We measured energy spectra in 316L and 9Cr1Mo that were irradiated under the similar conditions as the above samples, but with doses less than 0.1dpa. These results fill in the gap between 0 and 1 dpa and suggest that most of the change in T-parameter occurs below 0.05 dpa. C1 [Tchelidze, L.; Wells, D. P.] Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, 785 S 8th Ave,Campus Box 8106, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Wells, D. P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tchelidze, L (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Phys, 785 S 8th Ave,Campus Box 8106, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM tchelali@isu.edu RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 FU DOE [DE FG04 02AL68026, DE FC07 06ID 14780] FX This work was supported by DOE under contract number DE FG04 02AL68026 and DE FC07 06ID 14780. The authors gratefully acknowledge the review of this manuscript and helpful suggestions of Dr. Bulent Sencer. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 265 AR 012011 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/265/1/012011 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BVO23 UT WOS:000292036000011 ER PT J AU Wang, C Verma, N Kwon, Y Tiekink, W Kikuchi, N Sridhar, S AF Wang, Cong Verma, Neerav Kwon, Youjong Tiekink, Wouter Kikuchi, Naoki Sridhar, Seetharaman TI A Study on the Transient Inclusion Evolution during Reoxidation of a Fe-Al-Ti-O Melt SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE inclusions; reoxidation; transient stage ID ALUMINUM OXIDE; SOLID SOLUTION; MOLTEN STEEL; TITANIUM; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; NOZZLE; AL2O3; SLAGS AB The effect of a simulated reoxidizing environment on the chemical and morphological evolution of nonmetallic oxide inclusions was studied. Additions of 545 ppm and 274 ppm of soluble oxygen were introduced to an Al killed melt containing approximately 600 ppm of Ti and 600 ppm of Al. It was found that inclusion chemistry evolved from Al(2)O(3), Al(2)TiO(5) and eventually to Ti(3)O(5) for the higher oxygen addition case and to Al-Ti complex oxides for the lower oxygen addition one. Morphologically, it was observed that irregular inclusions gradually were replaced by spherical ones during the reoxidation process. These changes are discussed through the coupling of thermodynamic prediction and experimental conditions, and considerations on the local variations of O and metallic element activities. C1 [Wang, Cong; Verma, Neerav; Kwon, Youjong; Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Iron & Steelmaking Res, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Tiekink, Wouter] Tata Steel Res Dev & Technol, NL-1970 CA Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Kikuchi, Naoki] JFE Steel Corp, Steelmaking Res Dept, Steel Res Lab, Hiroshima 7218510, Japan. [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Wang, C (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ctr Iron & Steelmaking Res, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sridhars@andrew.cmu.edu RI Wang, Cong/E-8156-2011 FU Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) FX The authors would like to acknowledge the Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research (CISR) for financial support. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA NIIKURA BLDG 2F, 2 KANDA-TSUKASACHO 2-CHOME, TOKYO, CHIYODA-KU 101-0048, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2011 VL 51 IS 3 BP 375 EP 381 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 742FS UT WOS:000288927300006 ER PT J AU Kikuchi, N Nabeshima, S Yamashita, T Kishimoto, Y Sridhar, S Nagasaka, T AF Kikuchi, Naoki Nabeshima, Seiji Yamashita, Takako Kishimoto, Yasuo Sridhar, Seetharaman Nagasaka, Tetsuya TI Micro-structure Refinement in Low Carbon High Manganese Steels through Ti-Deoxidation, Characterization and Effect of Secondary Deoxidation Particles SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE low-carbon steel; de-oxidation; Aluminum; Titanium; inclusion; solidification microstructure; Confocal-laser-scanning-microscopy; ferrite formation; grain growth; Ti-oxide ID AUSTENITE GRAIN-GROWTH; IN-SITU OBSERVATION; LOW-ALLOY STEELS; PERCENT-P ALLOYS; ACICULAR FERRITE; INCLUSION PARTICLES; WELD METALS; SOLIDIFICATION MICROSTRUCTURE; STAINLESS-STEEL; ARC WELDS AB This paper investigates the effect of de-oxidation inclusions on micro-structure in low carbon (0.07 mass%), high Mn (0.9 mass%) steel. De-oxidation tests were carried out by adding either aluminum (0.05 mass%) or titanium (0.05, 0.03 or 0.015 mass%) to an iron melt in a 400 g-scale vacuum furnace. A Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope (CSLM) was used to evaluate the effect of cooling rate by re-melting and quenching during solidification. Fine secondary de-oxidation particles were obtained in the Ti-killed samples, and the particle density increased with increasing oxygen content, and their size decreased with increasing the cooling rate during solidification. The secondary Ti de-oxidation particles were found to have an effect on microstructure evolution, such as solidifying microstructure, austenite grain growth and austenite decomposition. The de-oxidation particles were examined through FE-TEM and were identified to be TiO, MnTiO(3) and Mn(2)TiO(4), in low oxygen ([O]=7 ppm) and high oxygen ([O]=56, 81 ppm) Ti-killed steels respectively, which were qualitatively same as those predicted by thermodynamic calculations. Stabilities of TiO, MnTiO(3) and Mn(2)TiO(4) are influenced by Mn presence. Composition change and decomposition of oxide were estimated through thermodynamic calculations. The effect of the particles on ferrite formation was evaluated through thermo-mechanical treatments. TiO was the most effective for promoting ferrite formation through heterogeneous nucleation. The particles contributed to ferrite formation in the following order, TiO>TiN>MnS> MnTiO(3)>Ti(2)O(3). It was found that the secondary Ti de-oxidation particles work are engulfed by the advancing solid phase during solidification based on analysis with PET (Pushing Engulfment Transition) velocity, particle sizes and solidification rates. The particles at dendrite tips and inter-dendritic regions are likely restraining the molten steel flow resulting in a finer solidification microstructure. C1 [Kikuchi, Naoki] JFE Steel Corp, Steel Res Lab, Steelmaking Res Dept, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 7218510, Japan. [Nabeshima, Seiji] JFE Steel Corp, Steel Res Lab, Steelmaking Res Dept, Kurashiki, Okayama 7128511, Japan. [Yamashita, Takako] JFE Steel Corp, Steel Res Lab, Anal & Characterizat Res Dept, Chuo Ku, Chiba 2600835, Japan. [Kishimoto, Yasuo] JFE Steel Corp, Steel Res Lab, Res Planning & Adm Dept, Chuo Ku, Chiba 2600835, Japan. [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sridhar, Seetharaman] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Nagasaka, Tetsuya] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Kikuchi, N (reprint author), JFE Steel Corp, Steel Res Lab, Steelmaking Res Dept, 1 Kokan Cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 7218510, Japan. EM n-kikuchi@jfe-steel.co.jp; se-nabeshima@jfe-steel.co.jp; ta-yamashita@jfe-steel.co.jp; y-kishimoto@jfe-steel.co.jp; sridhars@andrew.cmu.edu; nagasaka@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 17 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA NIIKURA BLDG 2F, 2 KANDA-TSUKASACHO 2-CHOME, TOKYO, CHIYODA-KU 101-0048, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2011 VL 51 IS 12 SI SI BP 2019 EP 2028 PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 869UU UT WOS:000298624500013 ER PT J AU Lykidis, A Chen, CL Tringe, SG McHardy, AC Copeland, A Kyrpides, NC Hugenholtz, P Macarie, H Olmos, A Monroy, O Liu, WT AF Lykidis, Athanasios Chen, Chia-Lung Tringe, Susannah G. McHardy, Alice C. Copeland, Alex Kyrpides, Nikos C. Hugenholtz, Philip Macarie, Herve Olmos, Alejandro Monroy, Oscar Liu, Wen-Tso TI Multiple syntrophic interactions in a terephthalate-degrading methanogenic consortium SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE metagenomics; methanogenesis; syntroph; microbial diversity; carbon cycling ID GEOBACTER-METALLIREDUCENS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ANAEROBIC-BACTERIA; PHTHALATE ISOMERS; BENZOYL-COENZYME; GENOME SEQUENCE; GEN. NOV.; DEGRADATION; ENVIRONMENTS; METABOLISM AB Terephthalate (TA) is one of the top 50 chemicals produced worldwide. Its production results in a TA-containing wastewater that is treated by anaerobic processes through a poorly understood methanogenic syntrophy. Using metagenomics, we characterized the methanogenic consortium inside a hyper-mesophilic (that is, between mesophilic and thermophilic), TA-degrading bioreactor. We identified genes belonging to dominant Pelotomaculum species presumably involved in TA degradation through decarboxylation, dearomatization, and modified b-oxidation to H-2/CO2 and acetate. These intermediates are converted to CH4/CO2 by three novel hyper-mesophilic methanogens. Additional secondary syntrophic interactions were predicted in Thermotogae, Syntrophus and candidate phyla OP5 and WWE1 populations. The OP5 encodes genes capable of anaerobic autotrophic butyrate production and Thermotogae, Syntrophus and WWE1 have the genetic potential to oxidize butyrate to CO2/H-2 and acetate. These observations suggest that the TA-degrading consortium consists of additional syntrophic interactions beyond the standard H-2-producing syntroph-methanogen partnership that may serve to improve community stability. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 122-130; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.125; published online 5 August 2010 C1 [Liu, Wen-Tso] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Civil Engn Lab 3207, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lykidis, Athanasios; Tringe, Susannah G.; Copeland, Alex; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Hugenholtz, Philip] Lawrence Natl Berkeley Lab, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Chen, Chia-Lung; Liu, Wen-Tso] Natl Univ Singapore, Div Environm Sci & Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [McHardy, Alice C.] Max Planck Inst Informat, Saarbrucken, Germany. [Macarie, Herve] PRAM, UMR IMEP, IRD, Le Lamentin, France. [Olmos, Alejandro; Monroy, Oscar] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Dept Biotecnol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Liu, Wen-Tso] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Liu, WT (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Civil Engn Lab 3207, MC-250,205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wtliu@illinois.edu RI Liu, Wen-Tso/C-8788-2011; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Abu Laban , Dr. Nidal /E-5809-2011; Macarie, Herve/B-1403-2013; Monroy-Hermosillo, Oscar/M-4720-2016; Kyrpides, Nikos/A-6305-2014; OI Liu, Wen-Tso/0000-0002-8700-9803; Macarie, Herve/0000-0002-8233-6215; Kyrpides, Nikos/0000-0002-6131-0462; Tringe, Susannah/0000-0001-6479-8427; Monroy, Oscar/0000-0003-0073-711X FU US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research; University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC02-06NA25396] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy's Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, and by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 and Los Alamos National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC02-06NA25396. NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 41 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 122 EP 130 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.125 PG 9 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 701TB UT WOS:000285845200012 PM 20686509 ER PT J AU Burnum, KE Callister, SJ Nicora, CD Purvine, SO Hugenholtz, P Warnecke, F Scheffrahn, RH Smith, RD Lipton, MS AF Burnum, Kristin E. Callister, Stephen J. Nicora, Carrie D. Purvine, Samuel O. Hugenholtz, Philip Warnecke, Falk Scheffrahn, Rudolf H. Smith, Richard D. Lipton, Mary S. TI Proteome insights into the symbiotic relationship between a captive colony of Nasutitermes corniger and its hindgut microbiome SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Nasutitermes; mass spectrometry; microbial communities ID HIGHER TERMITE; METABOLISM; CELLULASES; ACETATE; BIOLOGY AB We analyzed the metaproteome of the bacterial community resident in the hindgut paunch of the wood-feeding 'higher' termite (Nasutitermes) and identified 886 proteins, 197 of which have known enzymatic function. Using these enzymes, we reconstructed complete metabolic pathways revealing carbohydrate transport and metabolism, nitrogen fixation and assimilation, energy production, amino-acid synthesis and significant pyruvate ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase protein redundancy. Our results suggest that the activity associated with these enzymes may have more of a role in the symbiotic relationship between the hindgut microbial community and its termite host than activities related to cellulose degradation. The ISME Journal (2011) 5, 161-164; doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.97; published online 8 July 2010 C1 [Burnum, Kristin E.; Callister, Stephen J.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Purvine, Samuel O.; Smith, Richard D.; Lipton, Mary S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Hugenholtz, Philip; Warnecke, Falk] DOE Joint Genome Inst, Microbial Ecol Program, Walnut Creek, CA USA. [Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.] Univ Florida, Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Davie, FL USA. RP Lipton, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Biol Sci, POB 999,K8-98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM mary.lipton@pnl.gov RI Burnum, Kristin/B-1308-2011; Hugenholtz, Philip/G-9608-2011; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Burnum, Kristin/0000-0002-2722-4149; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-ACO5-76RLO 1830]; Genomes to Life FX The research described in this paper was funded by the Genomes to Life program sponsored by the US Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-ACO5-76RLO 1830. We also thank Penny Colton for technical editing. The data used in the analysis can requested at http://ober-proteomics.pnl.gov/. NR 12 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1038/ismej.2010.97 PG 4 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA 701TB UT WOS:000285845200016 PM 20613792 ER PT S AU Pennington, MR AF Pennington, M. R. BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Strong Coupling Continuum QCD SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE Quarks; gluons; ghosts; confinement; hadrons ID DYSON-SCHWINGER EQUATIONS; YANG-MILLS THEORY; ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; GAUGE GLUON PROPAGATOR; INFRARED BEHAVIOR; LANDAU GAUGE; AXIAL GAUGE; NONPERTURBATIVE CALCULATION; QUARK CONFINEMENT; SYMMETRY-BREAKING AB The Schwinger-Dyson, Bethe-Salpeter system of equations are the link between coloured quarks and gluons, and colourless hadrons and their properties. This talk reviews some aspects of these studies from the infrared behaviour of ghosts to the prediction of electromagnetic form-factors. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Theory, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Pennington, MR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Ctr Theory, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 75 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1063/1.3574943 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400009 ER PT S AU Thomas, CE AF Thomas, Christopher E. CA Hadron Spectrum Collaboration BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Highly excited and exotic meson spectroscopy from lattice QCD SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE Lattice QCD; spectroscopy; light mesons; exotics AB We discuss recent progress in calculating highly excited and exotic light meson spectra using lattice QCD. A combination of techniques have enabled us to extract the most extensive excited meson spectra ever obtained from such a calculation and to reliably identify the spin of the extracted states. Highlights of these spectra include many states with exotic quantum numbers and, for the first time in such a calculation, spin-four mesons. We conclude with some comments on future prospects. C1 [Thomas, Christopher E.; Hadron Spectrum Collaboration] Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Thomas, CE (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave,Suite 1, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 284 EP 286 DI 10.1063/1.3575004 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400070 ER PT S AU Bodwin, GT Tormo, XGI Lee, J AF Bodwin, Geoffrey T. Garcia i Tormo, Xavier Lee, Jungil BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Closing a Loophole in Factorization Proofs SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE quantum chromodynamics; factorization; perturbation theory ID VACUUM POLARIZATION DIAGRAMS; HADRON-HADRON SCATTERING; ANNIHILATION PROCESSES; MASS DIVERGENCES AB We address the possibility in factorization proofs that low-energy collinear gluons can couple to soft gluons. C1 [Bodwin, Geoffrey T.; Garcia i Tormo, Xavier] Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Garcia i Tormo, Xavier] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Lee, Jungil] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Bodwin, GT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Division of High Energy Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSERC FX The work of G.T.B. and X.G.T. was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of High Energy Physics, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The research of X.G.T. was also supported by NSERC. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 317 EP 319 DI 10.1063/1.3575015 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400081 ER PT S AU Pasyuk, E AF Pasyuk, Eugene BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Baryon Spectroscopy with CLAS SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE baryon spectroscopy; meson photoproduction ID BREMSSTRAHLUNG; PHOTON AB A large part of the experimental program of CLAS at Jefferosn Lab is dedicated to hadron spectroscopy. An overview of this program is presented. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. RP Pasyuk, E (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 325 EP 327 DI 10.1063/1.3575018 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400084 ER PT S AU D'Elia, M Mukherjee, S Sanfilippo, F AF D'Elia, M. Mukherjee, S. Sanfilippo, F. BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI The QCD Phase Transition in Strong Magnetic Fields SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE QCD; Magnetic Background Field; Deconfinement; Chiral Symmetry ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD; SYMMETRY; MODEL AB We investigate the properties of the deconfining/chiral restoring transition for two flavor QCD in presence of a uniform background magnetic field. We adopt a standard staggered discretization of the fermion action, different values of the bare quark mass corresponding to m(pi) ranging from 200 to 500 MeV, and magnetic fields up to eB 1 GeV2. We present first results regarding the dependence of the deconfinement and chiral transition temperature and strength on the magnetic field. C1 [D'Elia, M.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Mukherjee, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Sanfilippo, F.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP D'Elia, M (reprint author), Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. RI Sanfilippo, Francesco/P-9914-2016; OI Sanfilippo, Francesco/0000-0002-1333-745X; Mukherjee, Swagato/0000-0002-3824-1008 FU U.S. Department of Energy. [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX S. M. is supported under Contract No. DE-AC02- 98CH10886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 525 EP 527 DI 10.1063/1.3575083 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400149 ER PT S AU Kojo, T AF Kojo, Toru BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Quarkyonic matter and chiral spirals SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE Dense quark matter; Chiral symmetry breaking; Large N-c expansion ID LARGE N-C; DENSITY; QCD AB Nuclear matter, deconfined quark matter, and Quarkyonic matter in low temperature region are classified based on the 1/N-c expansion. The chiral symmetry in the Quarkyonic matter is investigated by taking into account condensations of chiral particle-hole pairs. It is argued that chiral symmetry and parity are locally violated by the formation of chiral spirals, <(psi) over bar exp(2i mu(q)z gamma(0)gamma(z))psi >. An extension to multiple chiral spirals is also briefly discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kojo, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 557 EP 559 DI 10.1063/1.3575093 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400159 ER PT S AU Zihlmann, B AF Zihlmann, B. BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI The Search for Gluonic Degrees of Freedom in QCD using the GlueX Facility at Jefferson Lab SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE Exotic Mesons; Photo-production AB The search for gluonic degrees of freedom in mesons is an experimental challenge. The most promising approach is to look for mesons with exotic quantum numbers that can not be described by quark degrees of freedom only. The GlueX experiment at Jefferson Lab in Hall-D, currently under construction, will search for such hybrid mesons with exotic quantum numbers by scattering a linearly polarized high energetic photon beam off a liquid hydrogen target. An amplitude analysis will be employed to search for such resonances in the data and determine their quantum numbers. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Zihlmann, B (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Av, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 560 EP 562 DI 10.1063/1.3575094 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400160 ER PT S AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, Michael BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Quark masses and strong CP violation SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE QCD; quark masses; strong CP violation AB Two flavor QCD involves three independent mass parameters for which non-perturbative effects are not universal. This precludes matching lattice and perturbative results for non-degenerate quarks and eliminates a vanishing up quark mass as a viable solution to the strong CP problem. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Creutz, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 618 EP 618 DI 10.1063/1.3575115 PG 1 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400181 ER PT S AU Polikarpov, MI Larina, OV Buividovich, PV Chernodub, MN Kalaydzhyan, TK Kharzeev, DE Luschevskaya, EV AF Polikarpov, M. I. Larina, O. V. Buividovich, P. V. Chernodub, M. N. Kalaydzhyan, T. K. Kharzeev, D. E. Luschevskaya, E. V. BE LlanesEstrada, FJ Pelaez, JR TI Conductivity of SU(2) gluodynamics vacuum induced by magnetic field SO IX INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUARK CONFINEMENT AND THE HADRON SPECTRUM (QCHS IX) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum CY AUG 30-SEP 03, 2010 CL Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP CPAN, GOBIERNO DE ESPANA, HadronPhysics, HELMHOLTZ, Inst Mainz, Jefferson Lab, EPS, FlaviA net, Real Soc Espanola de Fisica HO Univ Complutense Madrid DE electric conductivity; magnetic field; lattice guage field AB We study the electric conductivity of the vacuum of quenched SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the magnetic field, B, both in the confinement and in the deconfinement phases. In the confinement phase the external magnetic field induces nonzero electric conductivity along the direction of the field, transforming the system from an insulator into an anisotropic conductor. In the deconfinement phase the conductivity does not exhibit any sizable dependence on the magnetic field. We also find that the conductivity grows as the quark mass decreases, the behavior has a form B/root m. C1 [Polikarpov, M. I.; Larina, O. V.; Buividovich, P. V.; Chernodub, M. N.; Luschevskaya, E. V.] ITEP, B Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Buividovich, P. V.; Luschevskaya, E. V.] Dubna Joint Nucl Res Inst, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Chernodub, M. N.] Univ Tours, Fed Denis Poisson, CNRS, LMPT, F-37200 Tours, France. [Kalaydzhyan, T. K.] DESY, Theory Grp, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Kalaydzhyan, T. K.] ITEP, Moscow 117218, Russia. [Kharzeev, D. E.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Kharzeev, D. E.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Polikarpov, MI (reprint author), ITEP, B Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow 117218, Russia. RI Chernodub, Maxim/B-9426-2009 OI Chernodub, Maxim/0000-0003-2101-4914 FU NSH [NSh-6260.2010.2]; RFBR [08-02-00661-a]; Russian Ministry of Science and Education FX The authors are partially supported by grants for Leading Scientific Schools NSh-6260.2010.2, RFBR 08-02-00661-a and Federal Special-Purpose Programme Cadres of the Russian Ministry of Science and Education. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0899-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2011 VL 1343 BP 630 EP + DI 10.1063/1.3575124 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BWT25 UT WOS:000294780400190 ER PT J AU Lee, MV Lee, JRI Willey, TM AF Lee, Michael V. Lee, Jonathan R. I. Willey, Trevor M. TI Mesitylene-Solvated Monolayers by Thermal Hydrosilylation SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Organic and Inorganic Electronic Materials and Related Nanotechnologies (EM-NANO 2010) CY JUN 22-25, 2010 CL Toyama Int Conf Ctr, Toyama, JAPAN HO Toyama Int Conf Ctr ID HYDROGEN-TERMINATED SILICON; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; ALKYL MONOLAYERS; SURFACES; FUNCTIONALIZATION; 1-ALKENES; CHEMISTRY AB In this paper we show near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analysis of monolayers that are formed by thermal hydrosilylation from 1-alkene diluted in mesitylene. The monolayers are not purely aliphatic as originally proposed. Instead the bound molecules have an alkenyl structure that is promoted by the presence of mesitylene. The double bonds are more prevalent than in our previous report for monolayers formed without mesitylene. Simulated NEXAFS spectra suggest that the double bonds are present in the form of 2-alkenyl moieties. The presence of double bonds impairs the use of these monolayers as dielectrics and enables their use for conductive interfaces. (C) 2011 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Lee, Michael V.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, World Premier Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitecton, Int Ctr Young Scientists, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Lee, Jonathan R. I.; Willey, Trevor M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lee, MV (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, World Premier Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitecton, Int Ctr Young Scientists, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM LEE.Michael@nims.go.jp RI Lee, Michael/A-8189-2012; Willey, Trevor/A-8778-2011; OI Willey, Trevor/0000-0002-9667-8830; Lee, Michael/0000-0002-3953-3811 FU US DOE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX MVL acknowledges support by the World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Initiative on Materials Nanoarchitectonics, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. MVL also acknowledges Roberto Scipioni for computer cluster support. JRIL and TMW acknowledge funding by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (OBES), Materials Sciences, US DOE. This work was partially performed by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource is a national user facility operated by SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory on behalf of the US DOE, OBES. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU JAPAN SOC APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA KUDAN-KITA BUILDING 5TH FLOOR, 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102-0073, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 SI SI AR 01BD01 DI 10.1143/JJAP.50.01BD01 PN 3 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 723RG UT WOS:000287523900022 ER PT S AU Kousouris, K AF Kousouris, Konstantinos GP IOP TI Jet and Multijet Results from CMS SO JET RECONSTRUCTION AND SPECTROSCOPY AT HADRON COLLIDERS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Jet Reconstruction and Spectroscopy at Hadron Colliders CY APR 18-19, 2011 CL Pisa, ITALY ID ROOT-S=7 TEV; COLLISIONS AB QCD measurements with jets are presented, from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the CERN LHC. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the 2010 data-taking period, and correspond up to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1). The measured inclusive-jet and dijet production cross sections are compared to perturbative QCD predictions at next-to-leading-order, and are found to be in good agreement. Observables sensitive to multijet production, such as the hadronic event shapes, the dijet azimuthal decorrelations, and the ratio of the 3-jet to 2-jet production cross section, are compared to the predictions of various QCD Monte-Carlo generators. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kousouris, K (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM kkousour@fnal.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 323 AR 012007 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/323/1/012007 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BYA77 UT WOS:000297787200008 ER PT S AU Salvachua, B AF Salvachua, Belen CA ATLAS Collaboration GP IOP TI Searches for new physics with jets in ATLAS SO JET RECONSTRUCTION AND SPECTROSCOPY AT HADRON COLLIDERS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Jet Reconstruction and Spectroscopy at Hadron Colliders CY APR 18-19, 2011 CL Pisa, ITALY AB We present the latest results of searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model with jets in the final state using the ATLAS detector. These analyses are performed with the full LHC 2010 data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 33 to 37 pb(-1) depending on the analysis. No significant discrepancy is found with the expected Standard Model predictions. New limits on various models are set beyond the reach of previous experiments. C1 [Salvachua, Belen; ATLAS Collaboration] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Salvachua, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM belen.salvachua@cern.ch NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 323 AR 012008 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/323/1/012008 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BYA77 UT WOS:000297787200009 ER PT S AU Velev, G AF Velev, Gueorgui CA CDF Collaboration GP IOP TI Top Physics at CDF SO JET RECONSTRUCTION AND SPECTROSCOPY AT HADRON COLLIDERS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Jet Reconstruction and Spectroscopy at Hadron Colliders CY APR 18-19, 2011 CL Pisa, ITALY ID QUARK PRODUCTION; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; COLLIDER DETECTOR; HADRON COLLIDERS; MEASURING MASSES; ENERGY; FERMILAB AB Top quark physics is one of the most important successes of the concluding Tevatron program. In this paper, a summary of the most recent measurements of top quark properties, including the mass and its 2011 average, will be presented. Some common techniques and discussion of major systematic uncertainties for top measurements will also be presented. C1 [Velev, Gueorgui; CDF Collaboration] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Velev, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM velev@fnal.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2011 VL 323 AR 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/323/1/012010 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BYA77 UT WOS:000297787200011 ER PT J AU Felton, JA Schilling, GD Ray, SJ Sperline, RP Denton, MB Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM AF Felton, Jeremy A. Schilling, Gregory D. Ray, Steven J. Sperline, Roger P. Denton, M. Bonner Barinaga, Charles J. Koppenaal, David W. Hieftje, Gary M. TI Evaluation of a fourth-generation focal plane camera for use in plasma-source mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT JAAS Symposium CY NOV 23, 2010 CL Tsinghua Univ, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Tsinghua Univ ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; SPECTROGRAPH; ARRAY AB A fourth-generation focal plane camera containing 1696 Faraday-strip detectors was fitted to a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrograph and characterized for its performance with inductively coupled plasma ionization. The camera provides limits of detection in the single to tens of ng L(-1) range for most elements and has a linear dynamic range of at least nine orders of magnitude. Isotope-ratio precision better than 0.02% has also been achieved with this device, and this fourth-generation system features the broadest simultaneous mass range obtainable to date with this family of focal plane camera detectors. C1 [Felton, Jeremy A.; Schilling, Gregory D.; Ray, Steven J.; Hieftje, Gary M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Sperline, Roger P.; Denton, M. Bonner] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barinaga, Charles J.; Koppenaal, David W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hieftje, GM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM hieftje@indiana.edu OI Ray, Steven/0000-0001-5675-1258 NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 2 BP 300 EP 304 DI 10.1039/c0ja00087f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 711TG UT WOS:000286613700005 ER PT J AU Richter, S Kuhn, H Aregbe, Y Hedberg, M Horta-Domenech, J Mayer, K Zuleger, E Burger, S Boulyga, S Kopf, A Poths, J Mathew, K AF Richter, S. Kuhn, H. Aregbe, Y. Hedberg, M. Horta-Domenech, J. Mayer, K. Zuleger, E. Buerger, S. Boulyga, S. Koepf, A. Poths, J. Mathew, K. TI Improvements in routine uranium isotope ratio measurements using the modified total evaporation method for multi-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SAMPLES; FRACTIONATION; U-238/U-235; PLUTONIUM; STANDARDS; SERIES; U-236; TIMS AB A new version of the "modified total evaporation" (MTE) method for isotopic analysis of uranium samples by multi-collector thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), with high analytical performance and designed in a more user-friendly and routinely applicable way, is described in detail. It is mainly being used for nuclear safeguards measurements, but can readily be applied in other scientific areas like geochemistry. The development of the MTE method was organized in collaboration of several "key nuclear mass spectrometry laboratories", namely the New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL), the Safeguards Analytical Laboratory (SAL, now SGAS-Safeguards Analytical Services) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU/JRC), and the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM/JRC), with IRMM taking the leading role. Due to the use of the "total evaporation" (TE) principle the measurement of the "major" ratio n((235)U)/n((238)U) is routinely being performed with an accuracy of 0.02%. In contrast to the TE method, in the MTE method the total evaporation process is interrupted on a regular basis to allow for correction for background from peak tailing, internal calibration of a secondary electron multiplier (SEM) detector versus the Faraday cups, peak-centering, and ion source re-focusing. Therefore, the most significant improvement using the MTE method is in the measurement performance achieved for the "minor" ratios n((234)U)/n((238)U) and n((236)U)/n((238)U). The n((234)U)/n((238)U) ratio is measured using Faraday cups only with the result that the (relative) measurement uncertainty (k = 2) is better than 0.12%, which is an improvement by a factor of about 5-10 compared to TE measurements. Furthermore, the IAEA requirement for the "measurement performance", defined here as the sum of the (absolute) deviation of the measured from the true (certified) value plus the (absolute) measurement uncertainty (k = 2), for n((236)U)/n((238)U) ratio measurements is 1 x 10(-6), but the MTE method provides a measurement performance which is, depending on the ratio, by several orders of magnitude superior compared to this limit and to the TE method. For routine MTE measurements a detection limit of 3 x 10(-9) was achieved using an SEM detector for detecting the isotope (236)U. The MTE method is now routinely being used at all collaborating laboratories with the hope that more laboratories will implement this capability in the future as well. Additional applications for the MTE method are presented in this paper, e. g., for absolute Ca isotope measurements. C1 [Richter, S.; Kuhn, H.; Aregbe, Y.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Hedberg, M.; Horta-Domenech, J.; Mayer, K.; Zuleger, E.] European Union, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements ITU, D-76344 Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Buerger, S.; Boulyga, S.; Koepf, A.; Poths, J.] IAEA, Safeguards Analyt Serv SGAS, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Mathew, K.] US DOE, New Brunswick Lab NBL, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Richter, S (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM stephan.richter@ec.europa.eu NR 27 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 3 BP 550 EP 564 DI 10.1039/c0ja00173b PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 725SB UT WOS:000287665300010 ER PT J AU Zanella, L Casadio, F Gray, KA Warta, R Ma, Q Gaillard, JF AF Zanella, Luciana Casadio, Francesca Gray, Kimberly A. Warta, Richard Ma, Qing Gaillard, Jean-Francois TI The darkening of zinc yellow: XANES speciation of chromium in artist's paints after light and chemical exposures SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; OXIDATION-STATES; SULFUR CYCLE; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; IFEFFIT; REDOX; EXAFS AB The color darkening of selected brushstrokes of the masterpiece A Sunday on La Grande Jatte - 1884 (by Georges Seurat) has been attributed to the alteration of the chromate pigment zinc yellow. The pigment originally displays a bright greenish - yellow color but may undergo, after aging, darkening to a dull, ocher tone. We used XANES to probe the oxidation state of Cr on paint reconstructions, and show that color changes are associated with the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Paint mixtures containing the pigment and linseed oil to mimic mixtures used in La Grande Jatte were subjected to artificial aging in the presence of light, SO(2), and variable air humidity-50 and 90% relative humidity. High relative humidity led to the largest degree of Cr(VI) reduction whereas low relative humidity promoted light-induced alterations. These results are corroborated by visible reflectance measurements on the same laboratory samples and contribute to a better understanding of the chemical reactivity of chromate pigments, which are present in many historical works of art. C1 [Zanella, Luciana; Gray, Kimberly A.; Warta, Richard; Gaillard, Jean-Francois] Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Casadio, Francesca] Art Inst Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Ma, Qing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, NW Synchrotron Res Ctr, DND CAT, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gaillard, JF (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM jf-gaillard@northwestern.edu RI Gaillard, Jean-Francois/B-6981-2009; Gray, Kimberly/B-6989-2009; Gaillard, Jean-Francois/E-9445-2013 OI Gaillard, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-8276-6418 FU Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; Walter P. Murphy Fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank Inge Fiedler at the Art Institute of Chicago for valuable discussions about this work and Dr Steve Heald for kindly offering the TEY accessory for data collection. This work was supported by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. L.Z. was supported by The Walter P. Murphy Fellowship. XANES experiments were performed at the DuPont-North-western-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and the State of Illinois. Use of the APS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1090 EP 1097 DI 10.1039/c0ja00151a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 752YR UT WOS:000289731900026 ER PT J AU Russo, RE Suen, TW Bol'shakov, AA Yoo, J Sorkhabi, O Mao, XL Gonzalez, J Oropeza, D Zorba, V AF Russo, Richard E. Suen, Timothy W. Bol'shakov, Alexander A. Yoo, Jong Sorkhabi, Osman Mao, Xianglei Gonzalez, Jhanis Oropeza, Dayana Zorba, Vassilia TI Laser plasma spectrochemistry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; DEPOSITED THIN-FILMS; ICP-MS MEASUREMENTS; ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT; MASS SPECTROMETRY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ABLATION; DISCRIMINATION; FUNDAMENTALS AB An overview of laser plasma spectrochemistry is presented to demonstrate its wide range of capabilities. Laser plasmas offer the ability to perform elemental, isotopic, molecular, quantitative and qualitative sample analysis with sub-micron spatial resolution, and each feature can be measured at standoff distances. Obviously, these attributes are not all achievable at the same time, but they can be optimized for specific applications. This manuscript gives a sampling (pun intended) of the research in our group that has demonstrated each of these capabilities. Although the technology is commonly referred to as LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy), the authors prefer to use laser plasma spectrometry to represent the underlying science. C1 [Russo, Richard E.; Suen, Timothy W.; Sorkhabi, Osman; Mao, Xianglei; Gonzalez, Jhanis; Oropeza, Dayana; Zorba, Vassilia] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bol'shakov, Alexander A.; Yoo, Jong; Gonzalez, Jhanis] Appl Spectra Inc, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rerusso@lbl.gov RI Bol'shakov, Alexander/A-9258-2015; Zorba, Vassilia/C-4589-2015 OI Bol'shakov, Alexander/0000-0002-6034-7079; FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Defense Threat Reduction Administration (DTRA) of the U. S. Department of Defense [LB09005541, LB09005541A]; U.S. Department of Energy through National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA [NNX10CA07C] FX This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, and the Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nonproliferation Research and Development of the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We also acknowledge support from the Defense Threat Reduction Administration (DTRA) of the U. S. Department of Defense under federal Awards No. LB09005541 and LB09005541A; and Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy through the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); and NASA Contract No. NNX10CA07C awarded to Applied Spectra Inc. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2011 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1596 EP 1603 DI 10.1039/c1ja10107b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 795KN UT WOS:000292973200003 ER PT J AU Zajic, D Fernando, HJS Calhoun, R Princevac, M Brown, MJ Pardyjak, ER AF Zajic, D. Fernando, H. J. S. Calhoun, R. Princevac, M. Brown, M. J. Pardyjak, E. R. TI Flow and Turbulence in an Urban Canyon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AVENUE STREET CANYON; WIND-TUNNEL; POLLUTANT DISPERSION; CANOPY LAYER; PART II; MODEL; STATISTICS; BUILDINGS; FIELD AB A better understanding of the interaction between the built environment and the atmosphere is required to more effectively manage urban airsheds. This paper reports an analysis of data from an atmospheric measurement campaign in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, during the summer of 2003 that shows wind flow patterns, turbulence, and thermal effects in the downtown area. Experimental measurements within a street canyon yielded airflow patterns, stability conditions, and turbulence properties as a function of the incoming wind direction and time of the day. Air and surface temperatures at two different sites, one within the downtown urban canyon and the other in a nearby park, were measured. A study of the stability conditions within the urban canyon during the campaign indicates that dynamically stable conditions did not occur within the canyon. This provides evidence that the built environment can strongly influence the thermal characteristics in cities. Mean flow patterns close to the street level are analyzed for two different ranges of incoming wind directions and are compared with those obtained from a previous field experiment featuring idealized building configurations. This paper presents an approach allowing the estimation of wind direction in an urban canyon, given inflow conditions, that shows good agreement with wind patterns in the Oklahoma City street canyon. Turbulence statistics were calculated and normalized using different velocity scales to investigate the efficacy of the latter in specifying turbulence levels in urban canopies. The dependence of turbulence quantities on incoming wind direction and time of the day was investigated. C1 [Zajic, D.; Fernando, H. J. S.; Calhoun, R.; Princevac, M.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Environm Fluid Dynam, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Zajic, D.; Brown, M. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Syst Engn & Integrat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Fernando, H. J. S.] Univ Notre Dame, Environm Fluid Dynam Labs, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Princevac, M.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Pardyjak, E. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Mech Engn, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Zajic, D (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Environm Fluid Dynam, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM dzajic@lanl.gov OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835 FU NSF (ATM, CMG); Army Research Office FX We thank NSF (ATM, CMG) and Army Research Office for supporting the analysis. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 50 IS 1 BP 203 EP 223 DI 10.1175/2010JAMC2525.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 719QD UT WOS:000287222400013 ER PT J AU Arman, B An, Q Luo, SN Desai, TG Tonks, DL Cagin, T Goddard, WA AF Arman, B. An, Q. Luo, S. N. Desai, T. G. Tonks, D. L. Cagin, T. Goddard, W. A., III TI Dynamic response of phenolic resin and its carbon-nanotube composites to shock wave loading SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; FORCE-FIELD; SIMULATIONS; ORIENTATION; GLASSES AB We investigate with nonreactive molecular dynamics simulations the dynamic response of phenolic resin and its carbon-nanotube (CNT) composites to shock wave compression. For phenolic resin, our simulations yield shock states in agreement with experiments on similar polymers except the "phase change" observed in experiments, indicating that such phase change is chemical in nature. The elastic-plastic transition is characterized by shear stress relaxation and atomic-level slip, and phenolic resin shows strong strain hardening. Shock loading of the CNT-resin composites is applied parallel or perpendicular to the CNT axis, and the composites demonstrate anisotropy in wave propagation, yield and CNT deformation. The CNTs induce stress concentrations in the composites and may increase the yield strength. Our simulations suggest that the bulk shock response of the composites depends on the volume fraction, length ratio, impact cross-section, and geometry of the CNT components; the short CNTs in current simulations have insignificant effect on the bulk response of resin polymer. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3524559] C1 [Arman, B.; An, Q.; Luo, S. N.; Tonks, D. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Arman, B.; Cagin, T.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [An, Q.; Goddard, W. A., III] CALTECH, Mat & Proc Simulat Ctr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Desai, T. G.] Adv Cooling Technol Inc, Lancaster, PA 17601 USA. RP Arman, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sluo@lanl.gov RI An, Qi/G-4517-2011; Luo, Sheng-Nian /D-2257-2010; An, Qi/I-6985-2012 OI Luo, Sheng-Nian /0000-0002-7538-0541; FU LANL; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) [NNX10CC69P] FX We have benefited from J. W. Lawson, C. Wei (NASA Ames Research Center), J. Li (UPenn), and C. Brandl (LANL) in various ways. This work was partly supported by the Advanced Simulation and Computation (ASC) Program at LANL. LANL is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. T.G.D. was supported by the NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Grant under Contract No. NNX10CC69P. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 013503 DI 10.1063/1.3524559 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300028 ER PT J AU Mitri, FG AF Mitri, F. G. TI Linear axial scattering of an acoustical high-order Bessel trigonometric beam by compressible soft fluid spheres SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSS BEAMS; ELASTIC SPHERE; REFLECTION; ULTRASOUND; EXAMPLE; BUBBLE; SHELL; FORCE AB The acoustic scattering properties of nondiffracting high-order Bessel trigonometric beams (HOBTBs) by fluid spheres are investigated. The three-dimensional directivity acoustic scattering patterns of hexane, red blood, and mercury soft spheres immersed in water and centered on the beam axis of wave propagation are presented and discussed. HOBTBs belong to the family of nondiffracting beams and are proper solutions of the homogeneous (source-free) Helmholtz equation. Closed-form analytical solutions for the incident and scattered pressure fields are provided. The far-field acoustic scattering field is expressed as a partial wave series involving the scattering angle relative to the beam axis, the order, and the half-conical angle of the wave number components of the HOBTB. The properties of the acoustic scattering by fluid spheres are discussed and numerical computations with animated graphics show exciting scattering phenomena that are especially useful in applications related to particle entrapment and manipulation of soft matter using acoustic HOBTBs. Other potential applications may include medical or nondestructive ultrasound imaging with contrast agents, or monitoring of the manufacturing processes of sample soft matter systems with HOBTBs. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. (doi:10.1063/1.3518496) C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acoust & Sensors Technol Team, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitri, FG (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Acoust & Sensors Technol Team, MPA 11,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mitri@lanl.gov FU Los Alamos National Laboratory [LDRD-X9N9] FX The author acknowledges the financial support provided through a Director's fellowship (LDRD-X9N9) from Los Alamos National Laboratory. Disclosure: this unclassified publication, with the following Reference No. LA-UR 10-07253, has been approved for unlimited public release under DUSA ENSCI. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 014916 DI 10.1063/1.3518496 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300160 ER PT J AU Raeymaekers, B Pantea, C Sinha, DN AF Raeymaekers, Bart Pantea, Cristian Sinha, Dipen N. TI Manipulation of diamond nanoparticles using bulk acoustic waves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION FORCE; SEPARATION; SPHERE; PARTICLES; FIELDS; FRACTIONATION; RESONATORS; ALIGNMENT; PRESSURE; DEVICES AB We investigate the manipulation of 5 nm diamond nanoparticles in a user-defined pattern on a substrate using the acoustic radiation force associated with a bulk acoustic standing wave. Both concentric and rectangular patterns are studied and the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. The effect of drag force acting on a nanoparticle is evaluated and limits for particle speed and particle size that can be moved by acoustic radiation force are determined. We found good agreement between our experimental results and existing theoretical models and demonstrate that nanosized particles can be manipulated effectively by means of bulk wave acoustic radiation force. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3530670] C1 [Raeymaekers, Bart; Pantea, Cristian; Sinha, Dipen N.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Raeymaekers, B (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS D429 Los Alamos, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM braeymae@alum.mit.edu RI Pantea, Cristian/D-4108-2009; OI Pantea, Cristian/0000-0002-0805-8923; Sinha, Dipen/0000-0002-3606-7907 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 014317 DI 10.1063/1.3530670 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300123 ER PT J AU Simon, J Tomasulo, S Simmonds, PJ Romero, M Lee, ML AF Simon, J. Tomasulo, S. Simmonds, P. J. Romero, M. Lee, M. L. TI Metamorphic GaAsP buffers for growth of wide-bandgap InGaP solar cells SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; III-V; LAYERS; MORPHOLOGY; EFFICIENCY; ANTIMONY; STRESS; OXYGEN; MBE AB GaAsxP1-x graded buffers were grown via solid source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to enable the fabrication of wide-bandgap InyGa1-yP solar cells. Tensile-strained GaAsxP1-x buffers grown on GaAs using unoptimized conditions exhibited asymmetric strain relaxation along with formation of faceted trenches, 100-300 nm deep, running parallel to the [0 (1) over bar1] direction. We engineered a 6 mu m thick grading structure to minimize the faceted trench density and achieve symmetric strain relaxation while maintaining a threading dislocation density of <= 10(6) cm(-2). In comparison, compressively-strained graded GaAsxP1-x buffers on GaP showed nearly-complete strain relaxation of the top layers and no evidence of trenches but possessed threading dislocation densities that were one order of magnitude higher. We subsequently grew and fabricated wide-bandgap InyGa1-yP solar cells on our GaAsxP1-x buffers. Transmission electron microscopy measurements gave no indication of CuPt ordering. We obtained open circuit voltage as high as 1.42 V for In0.39Ga0.61P with a bandgap of 2.0 eV. Our results indicate MBE-grown InyGa1-yP is a promising material for the top junction of a future multijunction solar cell. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3525599] C1 [Simon, J.; Tomasulo, S.; Simmonds, P. J.; Lee, M. L.] Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Romero, M.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Simon, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM john.simonnavas@yale.edu RI Simmonds, Paul/A-9886-2010; Lee, Minjoo/A-9720-2008; Simmonds, Paul/M-8377-2013 OI Simmonds, Paul/0000-0001-5524-0835; Lee, Minjoo/0000-0002-3151-3808; Simmonds, Paul/0000-0001-5524-0835 FU Reid and Anne Buckley Foundation for Energy and the Environment; NSF [DMR-0955916] FX We gratefully acknowledge Jung Han for access to characterization equipment, as well as funding from the Reid and Anne Buckley Foundation for Energy and the Environment and the NSF CAREER Program (Grant No. DMR-0955916). NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 013708 DI 10.1063/1.3525599 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300065 ER PT J AU Whitley, VH McGrane, SD Eakins, DE Bolme, CA Moore, DS Bingert, JF AF Whitley, V. H. McGrane, S. D. Eakins, D. E. Bolme, C. A. Moore, D. S. Bingert, J. F. TI The elastic-plastic response of aluminum films to ultrafast laser-generated shocks SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PRECURSOR DECAY; COMPRESSION; DYNAMICS; WAVES AB We present the free surface response of 2, 5, and 8 mu m aluminum films to shocks generated from chirped ultrafast lasers. We find two distinct steps to the measured free surface velocity that indicate a separation of the faster elastic wave from the slower plastic wave. We resolve the separation of the two waves to times as short as 20 ps. We measured peak elastic free surface velocities as high as 1.4 km/s corresponding to elastic stresses of 12 GPa. The elastic waves rapidly decay with increasing sample thickness. The magnitude of both the elastic wave and the plastic wave and the temporal separation between them was strongly dependent on the incident laser drive energy. c 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3506696] C1 [Whitley, V. H.; McGrane, S. D.; Eakins, D. E.; Bolme, C. A.; Moore, D. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Shock & Detonat Phys WX9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Bingert, J. F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat MST8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Whitley, VH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Shock & Detonat Phys WX9, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM vwhitley@lanl.gov RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013; OI Mcgrane, Shawn/0000-0002-2978-3980; Bolme, Cynthia/0000-0002-1880-271X; Eakins, Daniel/0000-0002-3535-5624 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program for this work. The authors would like to thank Ron Rabie, Paulo Rigg, and Brian Jensen for valuable discussions and suggestions. NR 20 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 109 IS 1 AR 013505 DI 10.1063/1.3506696 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 706LG UT WOS:000286219300030 ER PT J AU Hajimorad, M Gray, PR Keasling, JD AF Hajimorad, Meghdad Gray, Paul R. Keasling, Jay D. TI A framework and model system to investigate linear system behavior in Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Background: The ability to compose biological systems from smaller elements that act independently of the other upon assembly may help make the forward engineering of biological systems practical. Engineering biology in this manner is made difficult by the inherent nonlinear response of organisms to genetic devices. Devices are inevitably coupled to one another in the cell because they share the same transcriptional machinery for expression. Thus, new properties can emerge when devices that had been characterized in isolation are expressed concurrently. We show in this report that, similar to physical systems, the Escherichia coli (E. coli) transcriptional system can exhibit linear behavior under "small" perturbation conditions. This, in turn, allows devices to be treated as independent modules. Results: We developed a framework and model system consisting of three devices to investigate linear system behavior in E. coli. Our framework employed the transfer curve concept to determine the amount of nonlinearity elicited by the E. coli transcriptional system in response to the devices. To this effect, the model system was quantitatively characterized using real-time quantitative PCR to produce device transfer curves (DTCs). Two of the devices encoded the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat), while the third encoded the jellyfish-originating green fluorescent protein (gfp). The gfp device was the most nonlinear in our system, with nptII and cat devices eliciting linear responses. Superposition experiments verified these findings, with independence among the three devices having been lost when gfp was present at copy numbers above the lowest one used. Conclusions: We show that linear system behavior is possible in E. coli. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying the nonlinearity observed in gfp may lead to design rules that ensure linear system behavior, enabling the accurate prediction of the quantitative behavior of a system assembled from individually characterized devices. Our work suggests that biological systems follow principles similar to physical ones, and that concepts borrowed from the latter (such as DTCs) may be of use in the characterization and design of biological systems. C1 [Hajimorad, Meghdad; Gray, Paul R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hajimorad, Meghdad; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Synthet Biol Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hajimorad, Meghdad; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Calif Inst Quantitat Biol Res QB3, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hajimorad, Meghdad; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Synthet Biol Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM keasling@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU National Science Foundation; Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC) through National Science Foundation; Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX The authors thank Murali Raghavendra Rao for helpful discussions concerning SAS and regression analysis. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (to MH); the Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center (SynBERC), through a grant from the National Science Foundation; and the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-1611 J9 J BIOL ENG JI J. Biol. Eng. PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 AR 3 DI 10.1186/1754-1611-5-3 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V31TC UT WOS:000208904900003 PM 21510907 ER PT J AU Lee, TS Krupa, RA Zhang, FZ Hajimorad, M Holtz, WJ Prasad, N Lee, SK Keasling, JD AF Lee, Taek Soon Krupa, Rachel A. Zhang, Fuzhong Hajimorad, Meghdad Holtz, William J. Prasad, Nilu Lee, Sung Kuk Keasling, Jay D. TI BglBrick vectors and datasheets: A synthetic biology platform for gene expression SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Background: As engineered biological systems become more complex, it is increasingly common to express multiple operons from different plasmids and inducible expression systems within a single host cell. Optimizing such systems often requires screening combinations of origins of replication, expression systems, and antibiotic markers. This procedure is hampered by a lack of quantitative data on how these components behave when more than one origin of replication or expression system are used simultaneously. Additionally, this process can be time consuming as it often requires the creation of new vectors or cloning into existing but disparate vectors. Results: Here, we report the development and characterization of a library of expression vectors compatible with the BglBrick standard (BBF RFC 21). We have designed and constructed 96 BglBrick-compatible plasmids with a combination of replication origins, antibiotic resistance genes, and inducible promoters. These plasmids were characterized over a range of inducer concentrations, in the presence of non-cognate inducer molecules, and with several growth media, and their characteristics were documented in a standard format datasheet. A three plasmid system was used to investigate the impact of multiple origins of replication on plasmid copy number. Conclusions: The standardized collection of vectors presented here allows the user to rapidly construct and test the expression of genes with various combinations of promoter strength, inducible expression system, copy number, and antibiotic resistance. The quantitative datasheets created for these vectors will increase the predictability of gene expression, especially when multiple plasmids and inducers are utilized. C1 [Lee, Taek Soon; Krupa, Rachel A.; Zhang, Fuzhong; Hajimorad, Meghdad; Prasad, Nilu; Lee, Sung Kuk; Keasling, Jay D.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. [Lee, Taek Soon; Krupa, Rachel A.; Prasad, Nilu; Lee, Sung Kuk; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Fuzhong; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Fuzhong; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hajimorad, Meghdad; Holtz, William J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Holtz, William J.; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Synthet Biol Engn Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keasling, JD (reprint author), Joint BioEnergy Inst, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. EM jdkeasling@lbl.gov RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012; Lee, Sung/E-6525-2010 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088; FU DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U. S. Department of Energy; Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center; National Science Foundation [0540879]; NSERC Canada FX We thank Nathan Hillson, Harry Beller (JBEI), and Seth Karten (LBNL) for helpful comments on the manuscript and Timothy Ham (JBEI) for JBEI registry works. This work was funded in part by the DOE Joint BioEnergy Institute (http://www.jbei.org) supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, through contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 between Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the U. S. Department of Energy and in part by the Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center, which is funded by National Science Foundation through Award No. 0540879. FZ is funded by NSERC Canada. NR 49 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 3 U2 26 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1754-1611 J9 J BIOL ENG JI J. Biol. Eng. PY 2011 VL 5 IS 1 AR 12 DI 10.1186/1754-1611-5-12 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA V31TC UT WOS:000208904900012 PM 21933410 ER PT J AU Wetter, M AF Wetter, Michael TI Co-simulation of building energy and control systems with the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed SO JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE building simulation; co-simulation; integrated analysis; modular modelling ID PERFORMANCE SIMULATION; HVAC SYSTEMS; EMULATOR; SUPPORT AB This article describes the implementation of the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB). The BCVTB is a software environment that allows connecting different simulation programs to exchange data during the time integration, and that allows conducting hardware in the loop simulation. The software architecture is a modular design based on Ptolemy II, a software environment for design and analysis of heterogeneous systems. Ptolemy II provides a graphical model building environment, synchronizes the exchanged data and visualizes the system evolution during run-time. The BCVTB provides additions to Ptolemy II that allow the run-time coupling of different simulation programs for data exchange, including EnergyPlus, MATLAB, Simulink and the Modelica modelling and simulation environment Dymola. The additions also allow executing system commands, such as a script that executes a Radiance simulation. In this article, the software architecture is presented and the mathematical model used to implement the co-simulation is discussed. The simulation program interface that the BCVTB provides is explained. The article concludes by presenting applications in which different state of the art simulation programs are linked for run-time data exchange. This link allows the use of the simulation program that is best suited for the particular problem to model building heat transfer, HVAC system dynamics and control algorithms, and to compute a solution to the coupled problem using co-simulation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wetter, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwetter@lbl.gov FU Office of Building Technologies of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This research was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Building Technologies of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank Philip Haves from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for his feedback and guidance during the development of this software. Special thanks go to Prof. Edward A. Lee and Christopher Brooks from the University of California at Berkeley for their support in integrating the BCVTB functionality into the Ptolemy II software. We thank Gregor Henze, Charles Corbin, Anthony Florita and Peter May-Ostendorp from the University of Colorado at Boulder for their contributions to the MATLAB interface and the EnergyPlus 3.0 upgrade. We thank Rui Zhang from Carnegie Mellon for her contributions to the Windows configuration and the EnergyPlus 3.1 upgrade. NR 38 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1940-1493 J9 J BUILD PERFORM SIMU JI J. Build. Perf. Simul. PY 2011 VL 4 IS 3 BP 185 EP 203 DI 10.1080/19401493.2010.518631 PG 19 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA 879PL UT WOS:000299343700001 ER PT J AU Rodier, F Munoz, DP Teachenor, R Chu, V Le, O Bhaumik, D Coppe, JP Campeau, E Beausejour, CM Kim, SH Davalos, AR Campisi, J AF Rodier, Francis Munoz, Denise P. Teachenor, Robert Chu, Victoria Le, Oanh Bhaumik, Dipa Coppe, Jean-Philippe Campeau, Eric Beausejour, Christian M. Kim, Sahn-Ho Davalos, Albert R. Campisi, Judith TI DNA-SCARS: distinct nuclear structures that sustain damage-induced senescence growth arrest and inflammatory cytokine secretion SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aging; Cancer; Cellular senescence; DNA repair; Homologous recombination; Interleukin 6 (IL6); Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) ID ONCOGENE-INDUCED SENESCENCE; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; CELLULAR SENESCENCE; IN-VIVO; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; HUMAN-CELLS; PREMATURE SENESCENCE; TRIGGERS SENESCENCE; HUMAN TELOMERES; AGING PRIMATES AB DNA damage can induce a tumor suppressive response termed cellular senescence. Damaged senescent cells permanently arrest growth, secrete inflammatory cytokines and other proteins and harbor persistent nuclear foci that contain DNA damage response (DDR) proteins. To understand how persistent damage foci differ from transient foci that mark repairable DNA lesions, we identify sequential events that differentiate transient foci from persistent foci, which we term 'DNA segments with chromatin alterations reinforcing senescence' (DNA-SCARS). Unlike transient foci, DNA-SCARS associate with PML nuclear bodies, lack the DNA repair proteins RPA and RAD51, lack single-stranded DNA and DNA synthesis and accumulate activated forms of the DDR mediators CHK2 and p53. DNA-SCARS form independently of p53, pRB and several other checkpoint and repair proteins but require p53 and pRb to trigger the senescence growth arrest. Importantly, depletion of the DNA-SCARS-stabilizing component histone H2AX did not deplete 53BP1 from DNA-SCARS but diminished the presence of MDC1 and activated CHK2. Furthermore, depletion of H2AX reduced both the p53-dependent senescence growth arrest and p53-independent cytokine secretion. DNA-SCARS were also observed following severe damage to multiple human cell types and mouse tissues, suggesting that they can be used in combination with other markers to identify senescent cells. Thus, DNA-SCARS are dynamically formed distinct structures that functionally regulate multiple aspects of the senescent phenotype. C1 [Rodier, Francis; Munoz, Denise P.; Teachenor, Robert; Chu, Victoria; Coppe, Jean-Philippe; Kim, Sahn-Ho; Davalos, Albert R.; Campisi, Judith] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Rodier, Francis; Munoz, Denise P.; Bhaumik, Dipa; Coppe, Jean-Philippe; Davalos, Albert R.; Campisi, Judith] Buck Inst Age Res, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Le, Oanh; Beausejour, Christian M.] Univ Montreal, CHU Ste Justine, Dept Pharmacol, Montreal, PQ H3T 1C5, Canada. [Campeau, Eric] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Program Gene Funct & Express, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcampisi@buckinstitute.org FU Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MPO79317]; US NIH [AG09909, AG17242, AG025708]; DOE [AC03-76SF00098] FX We thank Patrick Kaminker for valuable assistance with the confocal microscope, Dolf Beems for comments on mouse histology and Pierre Desprez for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research MPO79317 to C.B., US NIH AG09909 and AG17242 to J.C. and AG025708 to the Buck Institute, and DOE contract AC03-76SF00098. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 78 TC 133 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 7 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 124 IS 1 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1242/jcs.071340 PG 14 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 693RF UT WOS:000285242200009 PM 21118958 ER PT J AU Spencer, VA Costes, S Inman, JL Xu, R Chen, J Hendzel, MJ Bissell, MJ AF Spencer, Virginia A. Costes, Sylvain Inman, Jamie L. Xu, Ren Chen, James Hendzel, Michael J. Bissell, Mina J. TI Depletion of nuclear actin is a key mediator of quiescence in epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Actin; Laminin; Microenvironment; Nucleus ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; HUMAN-BREAST; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; GENE-EXPRESSION; BRANCHING MORPHOGENESIS; MAMMARY-GLAND; FUNCTIONAL-DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; HISTONE ACETYLATION AB Functional differentiation is orchestrated by precise growth-regulatory controls conveyed by the tissue microenvironment. Cues from laminin 111 (LN1) lower transcription and suppress mammary epithelial cell growth in culture, but how LN1 induces quiescence is unknown. Recent literature points to involvement of nuclear beta-actin in transcriptional regulation. Here, we show that quiescence induced by growth factor withdrawal, or LN1 addition, rapidly decreases nuclear beta-actin. LN1, but not other extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, decreases the levels of nuclear beta-actin and destabilizes RNA polymerase (RNA Pol) II and III binding to transcription sites, leading to a dramatic drop in transcription and DNA synthesis. Constitutive overexpression of globular beta-actin in the nucleus reverses the effect of LN1 on transcription and RNA Pol II association and prevents the cells from becoming quiescent in the presence of LN1. The physiological relevance of our findings was verified by identifying a clear spatial separation of LN1 and beta-actin in developing mammary end buds. These data indicate a novel role for nuclear beta-actin in growth arrest of epithelial cells and underscore the importance of the integrity of the basement membrane in homeostasis. C1 [Spencer, Virginia A.; Costes, Sylvain; Inman, Jamie L.; Xu, Ren; Chen, James; Bissell, Mina J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hendzel, Michael J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Oncol, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. [Hendzel, Michael J.] Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. RP Spencer, VA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 977R225A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM vaspencer@lbl.gov; mjbissell@lbl.gov RI Costes, Sylvain/D-2522-2013; OI Costes, Sylvain/0000-0002-8542-2389; Hendzel, Michael/0000-0002-9603-7945 FU US Dept of Energy; Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; Office of Health and Environmental Research Health Effects Division [03-76SF00098]; National Cancer Institute [R01CA064786, U54CA126552, U54CA112970, U54CA143836, U01CA143233, R01CA057621]; US DOD Medical and Materiel Command [W81XWH0810736, W81XWH0510338, W81XWH0410581]; Canadian Institutes of Health Research FX We thank Irene Kuhn for critical reading of the manuscript and Cyrus Ghajar, Aaron Boudreau, Joni Mott, Sanjay Kumar, Roland Meier, Kandice Tanner, Ken Yamada and Zena Werb for their constructive comments. We also thank UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center Mouse Pathology Core for tissue sectioning. The NLS-beta-actin construct was a kind gift from Richard Treisman. The rat antibody against the LN1 alpha 1 chain was a kind gift from Lydia Sorokin. This work was supported by grants from the US Dept of Energy, the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH1123), a Low Dose Radiation Program and a Distinguished Fellow Award from the Office of Health and Environmental Research Health Effects Division (contract no. 03-76SF00098) to M.J.B., the National Cancer Institute [awards R01CA064786, U54CA126552, U54CA112970, U54CA143836 (Bay Area Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA) and U01CA143233 to M.J.B. and R01CA057621 to M.J.B. and Zena Werb], the US Dept of Defense (DOD) Medical and Materiel Command Innovator Awards (contract no. W81XWH0810736 and W81XWH0510338) to M.J.B. V.A.S. was supported by postdoctoral fellowships from the US DOD Medical and Materiel Command (W81XWH0410581) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. R.X. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship (W81XWH0410581) from the US DOD Medical and Materiel Command. M.J.H. is an Alberta Innovates Health Sciences Senior Scholar. Deposited in PMC for release after 12 months. NR 80 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 124 IS 1 BP 123 EP 132 DI 10.1242/jcs.073197 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 693RF UT WOS:000285242200014 PM 21172822 ER PT J AU Cho, WJ Lee, JS Zhang, L Ren, G Shin, LA Manke, CW Potoff, J Kotaria, N Zhvania, MG Jena, BP AF Cho, Won Jin Lee, Jin-Sook Zhang, Lei Ren, Gang Shin, Leah Manke, Charles W. Potoff, Jeffrey Kotaria, Nato Zhvania, Mzia G. Jena, Bhanu P. TI Membrane-directed molecular assembly of the neuronal SNARE complex SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE membrane-associated SNARE ring complex; electron 3D topography; atomic force microscopy ID UCSF CHIMERA; PROTEIN; VISUALIZATION; FUSION; IDENTIFICATION; MICROSCOPY; SOFTWARE AB Since the discovery and implication of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF)-attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins in membrane fusion almost two decades ago, there have been significant efforts to understand their involvement at the molecular level. In the current study, we report for the first time the molecular interaction between full-length recombinant t-SNAREs and v-SNARE present in opposing liposomes, leading to the assembly of a t-/v-SNARE ring complex. Using high-resolution electron microscopy, the electron density maps and 3D topography of the membrane-directed SNARE ring complex was determined at nanometre resolution. Similar to the t-/v-SNARE ring complex formed when 50 nm v-SNARE liposomes meet a t-SNARE-reconstituted planer membrane, SNARE rings are also formed when 50 nm diameter isolated synaptic vesicles (SVs) meet a t-SNARE-reconstituted planer lipid membrane. Furthermore, the mathematical prediction of the SNARE ring complex size with reasonable accuracy, and the possible mechanism of membrane-directed t-/v-SNARE ring complex assembly, was determined from the study. Therefore in the present study, using both lipososome-reconstituted recombinant t-/v-SNARE proteins, and native v-SNARE present in isolated SV membrane, the membrane-directed molecular assembly of the neuronal SNARE complex was determined for the first time and its size mathematically predicted. These results provide a new molecular understanding of the universal machinery and mechanism of membrane fusion in cells, having fundamental implications in human health and disease. C1 [Cho, Won Jin; Lee, Jin-Sook; Shin, Leah; Jena, Bhanu P.] Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Zhang, Lei; Ren, Gang] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Zhang, Lei; Manke, Charles W.; Potoff, Jeffrey; Jena, Bhanu P.] Wayne State Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. [Kotaria, Nato; Zhvania, Mzia G.] I Beritashvili Inst Physiol Georgia, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. [Ren, Gang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jena, BP (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 540 E Canfield,5245 Scott Hall, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. EM bjena@med.wayne.edu RI Zhang, Lei/G-6427-2012 OI Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-4880-824X FU NSF [CBET-0730768]; NIH [NS-39918]; Wayne State Univ. FX Financial support from NSF CBET-0730768 (J.J.P., C.W.M., B.P.J.), NIH NS-39918 (B.P.J.) and Wayne State Univ. Research Enhancement Program (B.P.J.), is gratefully acknowledged. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1582-1838 J9 J CELL MOL MED JI J. Cell. Mol. Med. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 15 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01152.x PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 710LT UT WOS:000286513900007 PM 20716122 ER PT J AU Millett, PC Wang, YU AF Millett, Paul C. Wang, Yu U. TI Diffuse-interface field approach to modeling arbitrarily-shaped particles at fluid-fluid interfaces SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Modeling and simulation; Colloidal particles; Fluid-fluid interfaces; Capillary forces ID COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; FORCES; SIMULATION; WATER AB We present a novel mesoscale simulation approach to modeling the evolution of solid particles segregated at fluid-fluid interfaces. The approach involves a diffuse-interface field description of each fluid phase in addition to the set of solid particles. The unique strength of the model is its generality to include particles of arbitrary shapes and orientations, as well as the ability to incorporate electrostatic particle interactions and external forces via a previous work [P.C. Millett, Y.U. Wang, Acta Mater. 57 (2009) 3101]. In this work, we verify that the model produces the correct capillary forces and contact angles by comparing with a well-defined analytical solution. In addition, simulation results of rotations of various-shaped particles at fluid-fluid interfaces, external force-induced capillary attraction/repulsion between particles, and spinodal decomposition arrest due to colloidal particle jamming at the interfaces are presented. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Millett, Paul C.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Wang, Yu U.] Michigan Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Millett, PC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM Paul.Millett@inl.gov FU INL high-performance computing department at Idaho National Laboratory; NSF [DMR-0968792] FX PCM gratefully acknowledges support from the INL high-performance computing department at Idaho National Laboratory. YUW gratefully acknowledges financial support from NSF grant DMR-0968792. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 353 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.09.021 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 675JB UT WOS:000283825300006 PM 20888570 ER PT J AU Cowan, BM Bruhwiler, DL Cormier-Michel, E Esarey, E Geddes, CGR Messmer, P Paul, KM AF Cowan, Benjamin M. Bruhwiler, David L. Cormier-Michel, Estelle Esarey, Eric Geddes, Cameron G. R. Messmer, Peter Paul, Kevin M. TI Characteristics of an envelope model for laser-plasma accelerator simulation SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Plasma accelerator; Laser-plasma acceleration; Laser wakefield acceleration; PIC; Envelope model ID RELATIVISTIC PONDEROMOTIVE FORCE; IN-CELL SIMULATION; ELECTRON-BEAMS; CHARGE CONSERVATION; INTENSE; PULSES; FRAMES AB Simulation of laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) experiments is computationally intensive due to the disparate length scales involved. Current experiments extend hundreds of laser wavelengths transversely and many thousands in the propagation direction, making explicit PIC simulations enormously expensive and requiring massively parallel execution in 3D. Simulating the next generation of LPA experiments is expected to increase the computational requirements yet further, by a factor of 1000. We can substantially improve the performance of LPA simulations by modeling the envelope evolution of the laser field rather than the field itself. This allows for much coarser grids, since we need only resolve the plasma wavelength and not the laser wavelength, and therefore larger timesteps can be used. Thus an envelope model can result in savings of several orders of magnitude in computational resources. By propagating the laser envelope in a Galilean frame moving at the speed of light, dispersive errors can be avoided and simulations over long distances become possible. The primary limitation to this envelope model is when the laser pulse develops large frequency shifts, and thus the slowly-varying envelope assumption is no longer valid. Here we describe the model and its implementation, and show rigorous benchmarks for the algorithm, establishing second-order convergence and correct laser group velocity. We also demonstrate simulations of LPA phenomena such as self-focusing and meter-scale acceleration stages using the model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Cowan, Benjamin M.; Bruhwiler, David L.; Cormier-Michel, Estelle; Messmer, Peter; Paul, Kevin M.] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cormier-Michel, Estelle; Esarey, Eric; Geddes, Cameron G. R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, LOASIS Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cowan, BM (reprint author), Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM benc@txcorp.com; bruhwile@txcorp.com; ecormier@txcorp.com; EHEsarey@lbl.gov; CGRGeddes@lbl.gov; messmer@txcorp.com; kpaul@txcorp.com OI Bruhwiler, David/0000-0002-2318-8494 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-FC02-07ER41499, DE-SC0000840, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Tech-X CorporatioN; office of Fusion Energy Sciences; Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Technology Office; Department of Defense; office of High Energy Physics; office of Nuclear Physics; Office of the Secretary of Defense; Department of Energy Office of Science; Department of Energy FX This work was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Science Grants DE-FC02-07ER41499 (SciDAC), DE-SC0000840 (SBIR), and DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL), and by Tech-X Corporation. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. In addition, we acknowledge additional support for VORPAL development from the offices of Fusion Energy Sciences, High Energy Physics, and Nuclear Physics and the SciDAC program of the Department of Energy Office of Science, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Joint Technology Office, and Office of the Secretary of Defense, and the SBIR programs of the Department of Energy and Department of Defense. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 230 IS 1 BP 61 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.09.009 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 686AX UT WOS:000284670300004 ER PT J AU Min, MS Lee, T AF Min, Misun Lee, Taehun TI A spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin lattice Boltzmann method for nearly incompressible flows SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lattice Boltzmann method; Spectral element method; Discontinous Galerkin method ID IMPULSIVELY STARTED CYLINDER; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; EULERIAN DESCRIPTION; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; SCHEME; MODEL; SIMULATION; ALGORITHM AB We present a spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin lattice Boltzmann method for solving nearly incompressible flows. Decoupling the collision step from the streaming step offers numerical stability at high Reynolds numbers. In the streaming step, we employ high-order spectral-element discontinuous Galerkin discretizations using a tensor product basis of one-dimensional Lagrange interpolation polynomials based on Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre grids. Our scheme is cost-effective with a fully diagonal mass matrix, advancing time integration with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. We present a consistent treatment for imposing boundary conditions with a numerical flux in the discontinuous Galerkin approach. We show convergence studies for Couette flows and demonstrate two benchmark cases with lid-driven cavity flows for Re = 400-5000 and flows around an impulsively started cylinder for Re = 550-9500. Computational results are compared with those of other theoretical and computational work that used a multigrid method, a vortex method, and a spectral element model. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Taehun] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Min, Misun] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, T (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM mmin@mcs.anl.gov; thlee@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lee, Taehun/G-2695-2010 OI Lee, Taehun/0000-0001-9965-5637 FU Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMS-0811046]; Nuclear Regulatory Commission [NRC-38-09-947] FX This work was partially supported by the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357, and partially by the National Science Foundation grant DMS-0811046 and Nuclear Regulatory Commission grant NRC-38-09-947. The authors thank Paul Fischer for his helpful discussions and providing his drag coefficient data for SEM. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 230 IS 1 BP 245 EP 259 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.09.024 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 686AX UT WOS:000284670300013 ER PT J AU Afshordi, N Slosar, A Wang, Y AF Afshordi, Niayesh Slosar, Anze Wang, Yi TI A theory of a spot SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE inflation; integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect; cosmological perturbation theory; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect ID MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE; GAUSSIAN COLD SPOT; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; BACKGROUND ANOMALIES; SPHERICAL WAVELETS; COSMOLOGICAL MODEL; ANGULAR VARIATIONS; 1ST-YEAR DATA; LOCAL VOIDS; PERTURBATIONS AB We present a simple inflationary scenario that can produce arbitrarily large spherical underdense or overdense regions embedded in a standard Lambda cold dark matter paradigm, which we refer to as bubbles. We analyze the effect such bubbles would have on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). For super-horizon sized bubble in the vicinity of the last scattering surface, a signal is imprinted onto CMB via a combination of Sach-Wolfe and an early integrated Sach-Wolfe (ISW) effects. Smaller, sub-horizon sized bubbles at lower redshifts (during matter domination and later) can imprint secondary anisotropies on the CMB via Rees-Sciama, late-time ISW and Ostriker-Vishniac effects. Our scenario, and arguably most similar inflationary models, produce bubbles which are over/underdense in potential: in density such bubbles are characterized by having a distinct wall with the interior staying at the cosmic mean density. We show that such models can potentially, with only moderate fine tuning, explain the cold spot, a non-Gaussian feature identified in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data by several authors. However, more detailed comparisons with current and future CMB data are necessary to confirm (or rule out) this scenario. C1 [Afshordi, Niayesh] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Afshordi, Niayesh] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Slosar, Anze] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wang, Yi] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Afshordi, N (reprint author), Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St N, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. EM nafshordi@perimeterinstitute.ca; anze@bnl.gov; wangyi@hep.physics.mcgill.ca OI Slosar, Anze/0000-0002-8713-3695; Wang, Yi/0000-0002-7605-553X FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KJCX2.YW.W10]; Perimeter Institute (PI) for Theoretical Physics; Government of Canada through Industry Canada; Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research Innovation; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Institute of Particle Physics; McGill University FX We would like to thank Andrei Frolov, Ghazal Geshnizjani, and Tanmay Vachaspati for useful discussions. The authors acknowledge the hospitality of the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Beijing (KITPC), where this work was originated. The research at KITPC was supported in part by the Project of Knowledge Innovation Program (PKIP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. KJCX2.YW.W10. NA is in part supported by Perimeter Institute (PI) for Theoretical Physics. Research at PI is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research & Innovation. AS is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. YW is supported in part by Institute of Particle Physics, and by funds from McGill University. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 019 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/01/019 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 714IL UT WOS:000286802900019 ER PT J AU Markovic, K Bridle, S Slosar, A Weller, J AF Markovic, Katarina Bridle, Sarah Slosar, Anze Weller, Jochen TI Constraining warm dark matter with cosmic shear power spectra SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dark matter theory; cosmological parameters from LSS; weak gravitational lensing ID LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; UNIVERSAL DENSITY PROFILE; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; MASSIVE NEUTRINOS; LINEAR POWER; HALO; GALAXY AB We investigate potential constraints from cosmic shear on the dark matter particle mass, assuming all dark matter is made up of light thermal relic particles. Given the theoretical uncertainties involved in making cosmological predictions in such warm dark matter scenarios we use analytical fits to linear warm dark matter power spectra and compare (i) the halo model using a mass function evaluated from these linear power spectra and (ii) an analytical fit to the non-linear evolution of the linear power spectra. We optimistically ignore the competing effect of baryons for this work. We find approach (ii) to be conservative compared to approach (i). We evaluate cosmological constraints using these methods, marginalising over four other cosmological parameters. Using the more conservative method we find that a Euclid-like weak lensing survey together with constraints from the Planck cosmic microwave background mission primary anisotropies could achieve a lower limit on the particle mass of 2.5 keV. C1 [Markovic, Katarina; Weller, Jochen] Univ Munich, Univ Observ Munich, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Markovic, Katarina; Weller, Jochen] Excellence Cluster Universe, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Bridle, Sarah] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Slosar, Anze] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Weller, Jochen] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. RP Markovic, K (reprint author), Univ Munich, Univ Observ Munich, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. EM markovic@usm.lmu.de; sarah.bridle@ucl.ac.uk; anze@bnl.gov; jochen.weller@usm.lmu.de OI Slosar, Anze/0000-0002-8713-3695; Weller, Jochen/0000-0002-8282-2010; Markovic, Dida/0000-0001-6764-073X FU International Max-Planck Research School; Royal Society; ERC; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We are grateful to Jesus Zavala for kindly sharing the results of his simulation and to Robert Smith, Adam Amara, Tom Kitching, Alexandre Refregier, Donnacha Kirk, Uros Seljak, Alan Heavens, Filipe Abdalla, Martin Kilbinger, Rob Yates, Marco Baldi and John Peacock for many fruitful discussions. We thank Lawrence Berkeley National Lab & George Smoot, University College London, CEA Saclay. KM performed this work with support from the International Max-Planck Research School. SLB acknowledges support from the Royal Society from a University Research Fellowship, and from an ERC Starting Grant. AS is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We thank the Euclid Weak Lensing Working Group for helpful discussions. NR 92 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 022 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/01/022 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 714IL UT WOS:000286802900022 ER PT J AU Sandick, P Diemand, J Freese, K Spolyar, D AF Sandick, Pearl Diemand, Juerg Freese, Katherine Spolyar, Douglas TI Black holes in our galactic halo: compatibility with FGST and PAMELA data and constraints on the first stars SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE first stars; dark matter theory; gamma ray theory ID DARK-MATTER ANNIHILATION; POPULATION III STARS; RADIATIVE FEEDBACK; PRIMORDIAL GAS; UNIVERSE; FRAGMENTATION; TELESCOPE; EVOLUTION; ENERGIES; OBJECTS AB 10 - 10(5) M-circle dot black holes with dark matter spikes that formed in early minihalos and still exist in our Milky Way Galaxy today are examined in light of recent data from the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (FGST). The dark matter spikes surrounding black holes in our Galaxy are sites of significant dark matter annihilation. We examine the signatures of annihilations into gamma-rays, e(+)/e(-), and neutrinos. We find that some significant fraction of the point sources detected by FGST might be due to dark matter annihilation near black holes in our Galaxy. We obtain limits on the properties of dark matter annihilations in the spikes using the information in the FGST First Source Catalog as well as the diffuse gamma-ray flux measured by FGST. We determine the maximum fraction of high redshift minihalos that could have hosted the formation of the first generation of stars and, subsequently, their black hole remnants. The strength of the limits depends on the choice of annihilation channel and black hole mass; limits are strongest for the heaviest black holes and annhilation to b (b) over bar and W+W- final states. The larger black holes considered in this paper may arise as the remnants of Dark Stars after the dark matter fuel is exhausted and thermonuclear burning runs its course; thus FGST observations may be used to constrain the properties of Dark Stars. Additionally, we comment on the excess positron flux found by PAMELA and its possible interpretation in terms of dark matter annihilation around these black hole spikes. C1 [Sandick, Pearl] Univ Texas Austin, Theory Grp, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Sandick, Pearl] Univ Texas Austin, Texas Cosmol Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Diemand, Juerg] Univ Zurich, Inst Theoret Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Freese, Katherine] Univ Michigan, Michigan Ctr Theoret Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Spolyar, Douglas] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Spolyar, Douglas] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Sandick, P (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Theory Grp, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM pearl@physics.utexas.edu; diemand@physik.uzh.ch; ktfreese@umich.edu; dspolyar@fnal.gov RI Diemand, Juerg/G-9448-2011 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; Department of Energy; Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics; National Science Foundation [PHY-0455649] FX J.D. is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. K.F. thanks the Department of Energy and the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics for support, and the Aspen Center for Physics for hospitality during the course of this research. K.F. thanks Paul Shapiro for helpful conversations. P.S. is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0455649, and thanks the Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics for providing a stimulating working environment during the Dark Stars Workshop. P.S. also thanks Eiichiro Komatsu for helpful conversations. D.S. is supported by the Department of Energy. NR 98 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 018 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2011/01/018 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 714IL UT WOS:000286802900018 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, N Carman, L Glenn, A Newby, J Faust, M Hamel, S Cherepy, N Payne, S AF Zaitseva, Natalia Carman, Leslie Glenn, Andrew Newby, Jason Faust, Michelle Hamel, Sebastien Cherepy, Nerine Payne, Stephen TI Application of solution techniques for rapid growth of organic crystals SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Supersaturated solutions; Single crystal growth; Organic compounds; Scintillator materials; Neutron detection; Pulse shape discrimination ID PULSE-SHAPE DISCRIMINATION; DKDP CRYSTALS; NEUTRON; SCINTILLATORS; KH2PO4; KDP AB Single crystals of a pure hydrocarbon, 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene, with properties suitable for high-energy neutron detection were grown from toluene solutions using slow evaporation and temperature reduction methods with growth rates up to 10 mm/day. Application of the rapid growth technique developed earlier for growth of large water-soluble crystals shows that crystals of aromatic compounds can be successfully grown from solutions in large volumes required for their use as scintillator materials for radiation detection. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zaitseva, Natalia; Carman, Leslie; Glenn, Andrew; Newby, Jason; Faust, Michelle; Hamel, Sebastien; Cherepy, Nerine; Payne, Stephen] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Zaitseva, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM zaitseva1@llnl.gov RI Cherepy, Nerine/F-6176-2013; OI Cherepy, Nerine/0000-0001-8561-923X; Newby, Robert/0000-0003-3571-1067 FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; US Department of Energy Office of Non-proliferation Research and Development [NA-22] FX This work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Non-proliferation Research and Development (NA-22). NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 314 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.10.139 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 715AS UT WOS:000286853400032 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Norman, AG McMahon, WE Moutinho, HR Jiang, CS Ptak, AJ AF Lin, Y. Norman, A. G. McMahon, W. E. Moutinho, H. R. Jiang, C. -S. Ptak, A. J. TI Effects of substrate orientation on aluminum grown on MgAl2O4 spinel using molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE Planar defects; Molecular beam epitaxy; Metals; Oxides ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; OXIDE SURFACES; ENERGY; FILMS; INTERFACES; CDTE AB Al thin films have been grown on single-crystal MgAl2O4 spinel substrates using solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The structural properties of Al layers were systematically investigated as a function of substrate orientation. X-ray diffraction reveals that Al layers are coherently grown on both (0 0 1)- and (1 1 1)-oriented spinel substrates. However, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy show that Al layers on (0 0 1) spinel substrates display smoother surface morphology than those grown on (1 1 1) spinel substrates. Additionally, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate the presence of a high density of twin domain structures in Al thin films grown on (1 1 1) spinel substrates. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lin, Y.; Norman, A. G.; McMahon, W. E.; Moutinho, H. R.; Jiang, C. -S.; Ptak, A. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM yong.lin@nrel.gov RI Norman, Andrew/F-1859-2010; jiang, chun-sheng/F-7839-2012 OI Norman, Andrew/0000-0001-6368-521X; FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory FX The authors would like to acknowledge Y. Yan and X. Zhang of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 314 IS 1 BP 298 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.11.004 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 715AS UT WOS:000286853400054 ER PT J AU Bell, NS Frischknecht, AL Piech, M AF Bell, Nelson S. Frischknecht, Amalie L. Piech, Martin TI Grafted Low Molecular Weight Polymers as Steric Stabilizers of Commercial Titania Nanoparticles in Polydimethylsiloxane Fluids SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Grafted polymer; nanoparticle; rheology; titania ID COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; HOMOPOLYMER MATRIX; RHEOLOGY; DENSITY; PARTICLES; BRUSHES; NANOCOMPOSITES; ATTRACTION; TRANSITION AB A commercial titania nanopowder was surface modified by grafting with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymers with a molecular weight of 5000, and characterized for particle dispersion and rheology in a silicone oil fluid medium. Methods employed include TEM, TGA, dynamic light scattering, and steady shear and dynamic rheology. Estimates of the adsorbed amount of grafted chains suggest the steric layer is at the interface of the mushroom and brush conformation regions. The interaction energy between the particles is modeled using van der Waals expressions and steric repulsion derived from self-consistent field theory calculations. Calculations show that the steric layer is a oweto brush under good (athermal) solvent conditions, and is of low grafting density. These results are related to flow properties and fluid structure up to absolute volume fractions of 37%, corresponding to effective volume fractions of 63.9vol%. Based on the effective volume fraction, a fluid to solid transition is found at 60.5vol%. This system shows that nanoparticle dispersion can be effective even with low density brush layers and good solvent conditions. C1 [Bell, Nelson S.; Frischknecht, Amalie L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Piech, Martin] United Technol Corp, United Technol Res Ctr, E Hampton, CT USA. RP Bell, NS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM nsbell@sandia.gov RI Frischknecht, Amalie/N-1020-2014 OI Frischknecht, Amalie/0000-0003-2112-2587 FU Sandia National Laboratories FX Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AX04-934AL85000. Funding for this work was provided by Sandia National Laboratories LDRD program. Thanks go to Tom Headley for TEM images. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 1 BP 128 EP 140 AR PII 931418192 DI 10.1080/01932691003656789 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 697LG UT WOS:000285514500020 ER PT J AU Kelesoglu, S Meakin, P Sjoblom, J AF Kelesoglu, Serkan Meakin, Paul Sjoblom, Johan TI Effect of Aqueous Phase pH on the Dynamic Interfacial Tension of Acidic Crude Oils and Myristic Acid in Dodecane SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acidic crude oil; dynamic interfacial tension; indigenous surfactants; myristic acid; synthetic oil ID NAPHTHENIC ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; WATER/HEXANE INTERFACE; ALKYLPHOSPHINE OXIDES; ADSORPTION-KINETICS; FINITE SYSTEMS; WATER; EMULSIONS; STABILITY AB The time dependence of the interfacial tension between water-acidic crude oil and water-synthetic oil was investigated for aqueous phase pHs ranging from 2 to 9 using the du Nouy ring method at 20 degrees C. Myristic acid in dodecane was selected as a model (synthetic oil) for acidic crude oil containing indigenous surfactants, and the similarities and differences between the dynamic interfacial tension behaviours of the natural and synthetic crude oil systems were compared. The initial interfacial tension and the relaxation of the interfacial tension are sensitive to the aqueous phase pH for both systems. The adsorption kinetics of the indigenous surfactants and myristic acid could be well fitted with the monoexponential model, and the time constants obtained in this manner indicates that reorganization of the indigenous surfactants and myristic acid at the w/o interface are pH dependent. The experimental results also indicate that indigenous surfactants in acidic crude oil and myristic acid in dodecane have similar film formation behaviours at the w/o interface for the range of pHs investigated. C1 [Kelesoglu, Serkan; Sjoblom, Johan] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Ugelstad Lab, Dept Chem Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Meakin, Paul] Inst Energy Technol IFE, Multiphase Flow Assurance Innovat Ctr, Kjeller, Norway. [Meakin, Paul] Univ Oslo, Ctr Phys Geol Proc, Oslo, Norway. [Meakin, Paul] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Kelesoglu, S (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Ugelstad Lab, Dept Chem Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM serkan.kelesoglu@chemeng.ntnu.no FU Multiphase Flow Assurance Centre (FACE); IFE; NTNU; SINTEF; Research Council of Norway; Statoil AS; Norske ConocoPhillips AS; Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS; Scandpower Petroleum Technology AS; FMC; CD-adapco; ENI Norge AS; Shell Technology Norway AS FX S. K. acknowledges a Ph.D. grant and financial support from the Multiphase Flow Assurance Centre (FACE), a research cooperation between IFE, NTNU, and SINTEF. The center is funded by The Research Council of Norway, and by the following industrial partners: Statoil AS, Norske ConocoPhillips AS, Vetco Gray Scandinavia AS, Scandpower Petroleum Technology AS, FMC, CD-adapco, ENI Norge AS, Shell Technology Norway AS. The authors also acknowledge discussions with and comments by Dr. Brian Grimes on a first draft of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1682 EP 1691 DI 10.1080/01932691.2010.516416 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 864KQ UT WOS:000298239300019 ER PT J AU Jahnke, T Titze, J Foucar, L Wallauer, R Osipov, T Benis, EP Jagutzki, O Arnold, W Czasch, A Staudte, A Schoffler, M Alnaser, A Weber, T Prior, MH Schmidt-Bocking, H Dorner, R AF Jahnke, T. Titze, J. Foucar, L. Wallauer, R. Osipov, T. Benis, E. P. Jagutzki, O. Arnold, W. Czasch, A. Staudte, A. Schoeffler, M. Alnaser, A. Weber, T. Prior, M. H. Schmidt-Boecking, H. Doerner, R. TI Carbon K-shell photoionization of CO: Molecular frame angular distributions of normal and conjugate shakeup satellites SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE MFPAD; Electron correlation; Shakeup states; Molecular symmetry ID VIBRATIONALLY RESOLVED PHOTOIONIZATION; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRUM; ENERGY-DEPENDENCE; SHAPE RESONANCE; CK-SHELL; N-2; IONIZATION; HELIUM AB We have measured the molecular frame angular distributions of photoelectrons emitted from the Carbon K-shell of fixed-in-space CO molecules for the case of simultaneous excitation of the remaining molecular ion. Normal and conjugate shakeup states are observed. Photoelectrons belonging to normal Sigma-satellite lines show an angular distribution resembling that observed for the main photoline at the same electron energy. Surprisingly a similar shape is found for conjugate shakeup states with Pi-symmetry. In our data we identify shake rather than electron scattering (PEVE) as the mechanism producing the conjugate lines. The angular distributions clearly show the presence of a Sigma shape resonance for all of the satellite lines. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jahnke, T.; Titze, J.; Foucar, L.; Wallauer, R.; Jagutzki, O.; Arnold, W.; Czasch, A.; Schmidt-Boecking, H.; Doerner, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Osipov, T.; Schoeffler, M.; Alnaser, A.; Weber, T.; Prior, M. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Benis, E. P.] Univ Ioannina, Dept Phys, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece. [Staudte, A.] NRC, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Dorner, R (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM doerner@atom.uni-frankfurt.de RI Doerner, Reinhard/A-5340-2008; Weber, Thorsten/K-2586-2013; Schoeffler, Markus/B-6261-2008; Benis, Emmanouil/G-9543-2011 OI Doerner, Reinhard/0000-0002-3728-4268; Weber, Thorsten/0000-0003-3756-2704; Schoeffler, Markus/0000-0001-9214-6848; Staudte, Andre/0000-0002-8284-3831; Benis, Emmanouil/0000-0002-5564-153X FU DFG; Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Division of Materials Sciences under U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76SF00098] FX This work was supported by DFG, the Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Division of Materials Sciences under U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. We are grateful for excellent support during the beamtime by Elke Arenholz and Tony Young. We are deeply indebted to an unknown referee of our paper, who has pointed out a serious mistake in our interpretation and has suggested the molecular version of the shake off as we describe it now in the final version of this paper. NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 183 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2010.04.010 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 740YW UT WOS:000288831300007 ER PT J AU Powell, CF Kastengren, AL Liu, Z Fezzaa, K AF Powell, C. F. Kastengren, A. L. Liu, Z. Fezzaa, K. TI The Effects of Diesel Injector Needle Motion on Spray Structure SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article DE fuel systems; nozzles; petroleum AB The internal structure of diesel fuel injectors is known to have a significant impact on the steady-state fuel distribution within the spray. However, little experimental or computational work has been performed on the dynamics of fuel injectors. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to measure the three-dimensional geometry of the injector nozzle, and to track changes in that geometry as the needle opens and closes in real time. This has enabled the dynamics of the injector to be compared with the dynamics of the spray, and allows computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to use realistic time-dependent flow passage geometries. In this study, X-ray phase-enhanced imaging has been used to perform time-resolved imaging of the needle seat area in several common-rail diesel injection nozzles. The fuel distributions of the sprays emitted by these injectors were also studied with fast X-ray radiography. Correlations between eccentric motions of the injector needle valve and oscillations in the fuel density as it emerges from the nozzle are examined. CFD modeling is used to interpret the effect of needle motion on fuel flow. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4001073] C1 [Powell, C. F.; Kastengren, A. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Liu, Z.; Fezzaa, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Powell, CF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Department of Energy FX This research was performed at the 1-BM and 32-ID beamlines of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. The use of the APS is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The fuel spray research is sponsored by the Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program. The authors thank Gurpreet Singh for his support of this work. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 17 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2011 VL 133 IS 1 AR 012802 DI 10.1115/1.4001073 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 655UD UT WOS:000282274800018 ER PT J AU Webb-Robertson, BJ Bunn, AL Bailey, VL AF Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo Bunn, Amoret L. Bailey, Vanessa L. TI Phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers in a freshwater periphyton community exposed to uranium: discovery by non-linear statistical learning SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Non-linear statistics; Periphyton; Phospholipid fatty acids; Uranium; Predictive; Model ID MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; CHLOROFORM FUMIGATION; SALT-MARSH; SOIL; BIOMASS; BACTERIAL; REDUCTION; DIVERSITY; SEDIMENTS; PROFILES AB Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) have been widely used to characterize environmental microbial communities, generating community profiles that can distinguish phylogenetic or functional groups within the community. The poor specificity of organism groups with fatty acid biomarkers in the classic PLFA-microorganism associations is a confounding factor in many of the statistical classification/clustering approaches traditionally used to interpret PLFA profiles. In this paper we demonstrate that non-linear statistical learning methods, such as a support vector machine (SVM), can more accurately find patterns related to uranyl nitrate exposure in a freshwater periphyton community than linear methods, such as partial least squares discriminant analysis. In addition, probabilistic models of exposure can be derived from the identified lipid biomarkers to demonstrate the potential model-based approach that could be used in remediation. The SVM probability model separates dose groups at accuracies of similar to 87.0%, similar to 71.4%, similar to 87.5%, and 100% for the four groups; Control (non-amended system), low dose (amended at 10 mu g U L(-1)), medium dose (amended at 100 mu g U L(-1)), and high dose (500 mu g U L(-1)). The SVM model achieved an overall cross-validated classification accuracy of similar to 87% in contrast to similar to 59% for the best linear classifier. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo; Bunn, Amoret L.; Bailey, Vanessa L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bailey, VL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,J4-18, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vanessa.bailey@pnl.gov RI Guan, Xiaokang/A-6675-2012; OI Bailey, Vanessa/0000-0002-2248-8890 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Environmental Biomarkers; Data Intensive Computing Initiatives at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Environmental Biomarkers and Data Intensive Computing Initiatives of the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 102 IS 1 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.09.005 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 692SA UT WOS:000285174200008 PM 20952106 ER PT J AU Li, L Chen, CH Huang, C Huang, HY Zhang, GF Wang, YJ Chen, MH Wang, HL Chen, YR Streets, DG Fu, JM AF Li, Li Chen, Changhong Huang, Cheng Huang, Haiying Zhang, Gangfeng Wang, Yangjun Chen, Minghua Wang, Hongli Chen, Yiran Streets, D. G. Fu, Jiamo TI Ozone sensitivity analysis with the MM5-CMAQ modeling system for Shanghai SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ozone sensitivity; indicators; Shanghai ID EASTERN CHINA; SURFACE OZONE; URBAN; EMISSIONS; NOX; HYDROCARBONS; ENVIRONMENTS; SITE AB Ozone has become one of the most important air pollution issues around the world. This article applied both O-3/(NOy-NOx) and H2O2/HNO3 indicators to analyze the ozone sensitivity in urban and rural areas of Shanghai, with implementation of the MM5-CMAQ modeling system in July, 2007. The meteorological parameters were obtained by using the MM5 model. A regional emission inventory with spatial and temporal allocation based on the statistical data has been developed to provide input emission data to the MM5-CMAQ modeling system. Results showed that the ozone concentrations in Shanghai show clear regional differences. The ozone concentration in rural areas was much higher than that in the urban area. Two indicators showed that ozone was more sensitive to VOCs in urban areas, while it tended to be NOx sensitive in rural areas of Shanghai. C1 [Li, Li; Chen, Changhong; Huang, Cheng; Huang, Haiying; Zhang, Gangfeng; Chen, Minghua; Wang, Hongli; Chen, Yiran] Shanghai Acad Environm Sci, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. [Li, Li; Wang, Yangjun; Fu, Jiamo] Shanghai Univ, Sch Environm & Chem Engn, Inst Environm Pollut & Hlth, Shanghai 200444, Peoples R China. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Shanghai Acad Environm Sci, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China. EM lili@saes.sh.cn; chench@saes.sh.cn RI Huang, Cheng/I-7099-2015; OI Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 FU Chinese National Key Technology RD Program [2009BAK43B33] FX This work was supported by the Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2009BAK43B33). The authors would like to thank US EPA for providing the CMAQ model code, full model documentation, and assistance with model set-up and running. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 22 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 7 BP 1150 EP 1157 DI 10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60527-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 798JL UT WOS:000293201900013 PM 22125908 ER PT J AU Harendra, S Vipulanandan, C AF Harendra, Sivaram Vipulanandan, Cumaraswamy TI Solubilization and degradation of perchloroethylene (PCE) in cationic and nonionic surfactant solutions SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Fe-Ni particles; perchloroethylene (PCE); solubilization; degradation ID BIMETALLIC PARTICLES; DECHLORINATION; TETRACHLOROETHENE; BIOSURFACTANT; MICROEMULSION AB Solubilization of perchloroethylene (PCE) in a nonionic (Triton X-100) and a cationic (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) surfactant solutions and the degradation of surfactant solubilized PCE using fine to nanosize Fe and bi-metallic Fe-Ni particles were investigated. Micelle partition coefficients (K-m) and molar solubility ratio (MSR) for PCE in 10 g/L of surfactant solutions have been quantified and the solubility of PCE (100 mg/L in water) in the surfactant solutions increased by about ten fold. Of the two surfactants studied, Triton X-100 solubilized the higher amount of PCE per gram of surfactant. To degrade solubilized PCE, both iron and bimetallic Fe-Ni particles were used in continuously stirred batch reactors. The iron and bi-metallic particles were synthesized using the solution method and the particles were characterized using the SEM, EDS, TEM and XRD. The PCE solubilized up to 500 mg/L in both surfactant solutions were totally degraded at various rates by 200 g/L of hi-metallic Fe-Ni particles in less than 20 hr, which is the highest concentration of PCE degraded in the shortest time compared to data in the literature. The degradations of PCE solubilized in surfactant solutions were represented by nonlinear kinetic relationships which depended on the type of surfactant used for solubilizing the PCE. C1 [Vipulanandan, Cumaraswamy] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Harendra, Sivaram] Natl Energy Technol Lab, Dept Energy, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Vipulanandan, C (reprint author), Univ Houston, N107 Engn Bldg 1, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ps_harendra@yahoo.com; cvipulanandan@uh.edu FU Center for Innovative Grouting Materials and Technology (CIGMAT) at the University of Houston; Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) FX This study was supported by the Center for Innovative Grouting Materials and Technology (CIGMAT) at the University of Houston with funding from the Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center and Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB). The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the funding agencies. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-0742 EI 1878-7320 J9 J ENVIRON SCI-CHINA JI J. Environ. Sci. PY 2011 VL 23 IS 8 BP 1240 EP 1248 DI 10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60576-1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 812TF UT WOS:000294315100002 PM 22128529 ER PT J AU Wang, F Huang, W Zhang, YF Wang, MY Sun, LN Tang, B Wang, W AF Wang, Feng Huang, Wei Zhang, Yunfeng Wang, Mingyin Sun, Lina Tang, Bo Wang, Wei TI Determination of Protein by Fluorescence Enhancement of Curcumin in Lanthanum-Curcumin-Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate-Protein System SO JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence; Spectral analysis; Protein; La(3+); Curcumin; Surfactant ID LIGHT-SCATTERING TECHNIQUE; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ANTIOXIDANT; QUANTITIES; PEPTIDES; CELLS; PROBE AB We found that the fluorescence intensity of the lanthanum (La(3+))-curcumin (CU) complex can be highly enhanced by proteins in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (SDBS). Based on this finding, a new fluorimetric method for the determination of protein was developed. Under optimized conditions, the enhanced intensities of fluorescence are quantitatively in proportion to the concentrations of proteins in the range 0.0080-20.0 mu g center dot mL(-1) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.00080-20.0 mu g center dot mL(-1) for human serum albumin (HSA) with excitation of 425 nm, and 0.00020-20.0 mu g center dot mL(-1) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.00080-20.0 mu g center dot mL(-1)for human serum albumin (HSA) with excitation of 280 nm, while corresponding qualitative detection limits (S/N a parts per thousand yenaEuro parts per thousand 3) are as low as 5.368, 0.573, 0.049, 0.562 A mu g center dot mL(-1), respectively. Study on reaction mechanism reveals that proteins can bind with La(3+), CU and SDBS through self-assembling function with electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals forces, etc. The proteins form a supermolecular association with multilayer structure, in which La(3+)-CU is clamped between BSA and SDBS. The unique high fluorescence enhancement of CU is resulted through synergic effects of favorable hydrophobic microenvironment provided by BSA and SDBS, and efficient intermolecular energy transfer among BSA, SDBS and CU. In energy transfer process, La(3+) plays a crucial role because it not only shortens the distance between SDBS and CU, but also acts as a "bridge" for transferring the energy from BSA to CU. C1 [Wang, Feng; Huang, Wei; Zhang, Yunfeng; Wang, Mingyin; Sun, Lina] Zaozhuang Univ, Dept Chem, Zaozhuang 277160, Peoples R China. [Tang, Bo] Shandong Normal Univ, Coll Chem Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Jinan 250014, Peoples R China. [Wang, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, F (reprint author), Zaozhuang Univ, Dept Chem, Zaozhuang 277160, Peoples R China. EM wf332@uzz.edu.cn; wangw@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012 FU Natural Science Foundations of Shandong Province, P. R. China [Y2008B36] FX The research is sponsored by Natural Science Foundations of Shandong Province, P. R. China, through the project #Y2008B36. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0509 J9 J FLUORESC JI J. Fluoresc. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10895-010-0686-1 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 716CV UT WOS:000286943500004 PM 20607371 ER PT J AU Dukowicz, JK Price, SF Lipscomb, WH AF Dukowicz, John K. Price, Stephen F. Lipscomb, William H. TI Incorporating arbitrary basal topography in the variational formulation of ice-sheet models SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW; DYNAMICS; GLACIER AB There are many advantages to formulating an ice-sheet model in terms of a variational principle. In particular, this applies to the specification of boundary conditions, which might otherwise be problematic to implement. Here we focus primarily on the frictional basal sliding boundary condition in a non-Newtonian Stokes model. This type of boundary condition is particularly difficult because it is heterogeneous, requiring both a Dirichlet (no-penetration) condition normal to the bed, and a Neumann (frictional sliding) condition tangential to the bed. In general, Neumann conditions correspond to natural boundary conditions in a variational principle; that is, they arise naturally in the variational formulation and thus need not be explicitly specified. While the same is not necessarily true of Dirichlet conditions, it is possible to enforce a no-penetration condition using Lagrange multipliers within the variational principle so that the Dirichlet condition becomes a natural boundary condition. Thus, in the case of ice sheets, all relevant boundary conditions may be incorporated in the variational functional, making them particularly easy to discretize. For the Stokes model, the resulting basal boundary condition is valid for arbitrary topographic slopes. Here we apply the same methodology to the Blatter Pattyn higher-order approximate model, which is ordinarily limited to small basal slopes by the small-aspect-ratio approximation. We introduce a modification that improves on the accuracy of the standard Blatter Pattyn model for all values of the basal slope, as we demonstrate in the slow sliding regime for which analytical results are available. The remaining error is due to the effects of the small-aspect-ratio approximation in the Blatter Pattyn model. C1 [Dukowicz, John K.; Price, Stephen F.; Lipscomb, William H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Project, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dukowicz, JK (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Climate Ocean & Sea Ice Modeling Project, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM sprice@lanl.gov RI Price, Stephen /E-1568-2013 OI Price, Stephen /0000-0001-6878-2553 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 203 BP 461 EP 467 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 799YX UT WOS:000293324300008 ER PT J AU Carter, SP Fricker, HA Blankenship, DD Johnson, JV Lipscomb, WH Price, SF Young, DA AF Carter, Sasha P. Fricker, Helen A. Blankenship, Donald D. Johnson, Jesse V. Lipscomb, William H. Price, Stephen F. Young, Duncan A. TI Modeling 5 years of subglacial lake activity in the MacAyeal Ice Stream (Antarctica) catchment through assimilation of ICESat laser altimetry SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID WEST ANTARCTICA; EAST ANTARCTICA; RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; WATER-PRESSURE; STICKY SPOTS; MASS-BALANCE; SHEET; SYSTEM; GLACIER; BENEATH AB Subglacial lakes beneath Antarctica's fast-moving ice streams are known to undergo similar to 1 km(3) volume changes on annual timescales. Focusing on the MacAyeal Ice Stream (MacIS) lake system, we create a simple model for the response of subglacial water distribution to lake discharge events through assimilation of lake volume changes estimated from Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry. We construct a steady-state water transport model in which known subglacial lakes are treated as either sinks or sources depending on the ICESat-derived filling or draining rates. The modeled volume change rates of five large subglacial lakes in the downstream portion of MacIS are shown to be consistent with observed filling rates if the dynamics of all upstream lakes are considered. However, the variable filling rate of the northernmost lake suggests the presence of an undetected lake of similar size upstream. Overall, we show that, for this fast-flowing ice stream, most subglacial lakes receive >90% of their water from distant distributed sources throughout the catchment, and we confirm that water is transported from regions of net basal melt to regions of net basal freezing. Our study provides a geophysically based means of validating subglacial water models in Antarctica and is a potential way to parameterize subglacial lake discharge events in large-scale ice-sheet models where adequate data are available. C1 [Carter, Sasha P.; Fricker, Helen A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Blankenship, Donald D.; Young, Duncan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys UTIG, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Johnson, Jesse V.] Univ Montana, Dept Comp Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Lipscomb, William H.; Price, Stephen F.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carter, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM spcarter@ucsd.edu RI Price, Stephen /E-1568-2013; Young, Duncan/G-6256-2010 OI Price, Stephen /0000-0001-6878-2553; Young, Duncan/0000-0002-6866-8176 FU NASA [NNX07AL18G, NNX08AN68G]; US National Science Foundation [OPP-9120464, OPP-9319369]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics of Los Alamos National Laboratory LLC [73593-001-09] FX ICESat data analysis was funded through NASA Award NNX07AL18G. RES data collection was funded by NASA grant NNX08AN68G. The University of Texas Institute for Geophysics Support Office for Aerogeophysical Research through which many of the RES data in this paper were collected was supported by US National Science Foundation grant OPP-9120464, OPP-9319369. Funding during the analysis and writing was provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Postdoctoral Program and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics of Los Alamos National Laboratory LLC subcontract No. 73593-001-09. The manuscript was improved by comments from and conversations with H. Pritchard, R. Bindschadler, T. Creyts, J. MacGregor, T. Haran, T. Scambos, C. Jackson and A. Le Brocq. NR 66 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2011 VL 57 IS 206 BP 1098 EP 1112 PG 15 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 864GC UT WOS:000298224000011 ER PT J AU Cotta, RC Conley, JA Gainer, JS Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG AF Cotta, R. C. Conley, J. A. Gainer, J. S. Hewett, J. L. Rizzo, T. G. TI Cosmic ray anomalies from the MSSM? SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM; Supersymmetric Standard Model ID SUPERSYMMETRIC DARK-MATTER; SOLAR MODULATION; DIFFUSION-MODEL; HELIUM SPECTRA; ENERGY-SPECTRA; ELECTRONS; PROPAGATION; GALAXY; GAMMA; SPECTROMETER AB The recent positron excess in cosmic rays (CR) observed by the PAMELA satellite may be a signal for dark matter (DM) annihilation. When these measurements are combined with those from FERMI on the total (e(+) + e(-)) flux and from PAMELA itself on the (p) over bar /p ratio, these and other results are difficult to reconcile with traditional models of DM, including the conventional mSUGRA version of Supersymmetry even if boosts as large as 10(3-4) are allowed. In this paper, we combine the results of a previously obtained scan over a more general 19-parameter subspace of the MSSM with a corresponding scan over astrophysical parameters that describe the propagation of CR. We then ascertain whether or not a good fit to this CR data can be obtained with relatively small boost factors while simultaneously satisfying the additional constraints arising from gamma ray data. We find that a specific subclass of MSSM models where the LSP is mostly pure bino and annihilates almost exclusively into tau pairs comes very close to satisfying these requirements. The lightest (tau) over tilde in this set of models is found to be relatively close in mass to the LSP and is in some cases the nLSP. These models lead to a significant improvement in the overall fit to the data by an amount Delta chi(2) similar to 1/dof in comparison to the best fit without Supersymmetry while employing boosts similar to 100. The implications of these models for future experiments are discussed. C1 [Cotta, R. C.; Hewett, J. L.; Rizzo, T. G.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Conley, J. A.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Gainer, J. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gainer, J. S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Cotta, RC (reprint author), SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM rcotta@stanford.edu; conley@th.physik.uni-bonn.de; jgainer@hep.anl.gov; hewett@slac.stanford.edu; rizzo@slac.stanford.edu OI Gainer, James/0000-0002-8872-0664 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC02-76SF00515]; NSF; BMBF [05H09PDE]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-FG02-91ER40684] FX Work supported by the Department of Energy, Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.; The authors would like to thank M.P. Le, T. Porter and G. Tarle for discussions related to this work. They would also like to thank M.P. Le for computational aid. The work of R.C.C. is supported in part by an NSF Graduate Fellowship. The work of J.A.C. is supported by the BMBF "Verbundprojekt HEP-Theorie" under contract 05H09PDE. The work of J.S.G. is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and No. DE-FG02-91ER40684. NR 117 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 064 DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2011)064 PG 53 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729GY UT WOS:000287937900016 ER PT J AU Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Tumasyan, A Adam, W Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Ero, J Fabjan, C Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Hammer, J Hansel, S Hartl, C Hoch, M Homann, N Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Kasieczka, G Kiesenhofer, W Krammer, M Liko, D Mikulec, I Pernicka, M Rohringer, H Schofbeck, R Strauss, J Taurok, A Teischinger, F Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Gonzalez, JS Benucci, L Ceard, L Cerny, K De Wolf, EA Janssen, X Maes, T Mucibello, L Ochesanu, S Roland, B Rougny, R Selvaggi, M Van Haevermaet, H Van Mechelen, P Van Remortel, N Adler, V Beauceron, S Blekman, F Blyweert, S D'Hondt, J Devroede, O Suarez, RG Kalogeropoulos, A Maes, J Maes, M Tavernier, S Van Doninck, W Van Mulders, P Van Onsem, GP Villella, I Charaf, O Clerbaux, B De Lentdecker, G Dero, V Gay, APR Hammad, GH Hreus, T Marage, PE Thomas, L Vander Velde, C Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Costantini, S Grunewald, M Klein, B Marinov, A Mccartin, J Ryckbosch, D Thyssen, F Tytgat, M Vanelderen, L Verwilligen, P Walsh, S Zaganidis, N Basegmez, S Bruno, G Caudron, J De Jeneret, JDF Delaere, C Demin, P Favart, D Giammanco, A Gregoire, G Hollar, J Lemaitre, V Liao, J Militaru, O Ovyn, S Pagano, D Pin, A Piotrzkowski, K Quertenmont, L Schul, N Beliy, N Caebergs, T Daubie, E Alves, GA Damiao, DD Pol, ME Souza, MHG Carvalho, W Da Costa, EM Martins, CD De Souza, SF Mundim, L Nogima, H Oguri, V Da Silva, WLP Santoro, A Do Amaral, SMS Sznajder, A Araujo, FTD Dias, FA Dias, MAF Tomei, TRFP Gregores, EM Marinho, F Novaes, SF Padula, SS Darmenov, N Dimitrov, L Genchev, V Iaydjiev, P Piperov, S Rodozov, M Stoykova, S Sultanov, G Tcholakov, V Trayanov, R Vankov, I Dyulendarova, M Hadjiiska, R Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Marinova, E Mateev, M Pavlov, B Petkov, P Bian, JG Chen, GM Chen, HS Jiang, CH Liang, D Liang, S Wang, J Wang, J Wang, X Wang, Z Xu, M Yang, M Zang, J Zhang, Z Ban, Y Guo, S Li, W Mao, Y Qian, SJ Teng, H Zhu, B Cabrera, A Moreno, BG Rios, AAO Oliveros, AFO Sanabria, JC Godinovic, N Lelas, D Lelas, K Plestina, R Polic, D Puljak, I Antunovic, Z Dzelalija, M Brigljevic, V Duric, S Kadija, K Morovic, S Attikis, A Galanti, M Mousa, J Nicolaou, C Ptochos, F Razis, PA Rykaczewski, H Assran, Y Mahmoud, MA Hektor, A Kadastik, M Kannike, K Muntel, M Raidal, M Rebane, L Azzolini, V Eerola, P Czellar, S Harkonen, J Heikkinen, A Karimaki, V Kinnunen, R Klem, J Kortelainen, MJ Lampen, T Lassila-Perini, K Lehti, S Linden, T Luukka, P Macnpaa, T Tuominen, E Tuominiemi, J Tuovinen, E Ungaro, D Wendland, L Banzuzi, K Korpela, A Tuuva, T Sillou, D Besancon, M Dejardin, M Denegri, D Fabbro, B Faure, JL Ferri, F Ganjour, S Gentit, FX Givernaud, A Gras, P de Monchenault, GH Jarry, P Locci, E Malcles, J Marionneau, M Millischer, L Rander, J Rosowsky, A Shreyber, I Titov, M Verrecchia, P Baffioni, S Beaudette, F Bianchini, L Bluj, M Broutin, C Busson, P Charlot, C Dahms, T Dobrzynski, L de Cassagnac, RG Haguenauer, M Mine, P Mironov, C Ochando, C Paganini, P Sabes, D Salerno, R Sirois, Y Thiebaux, C Wyslouch, B Zabi, A Agram, JL Andrea, J Besson, A Bloch, D Bodin, D Brom, JM Cardaci, M Chabert, EC Collard, C Conte, E Drouhin, F Ferro, C Fontaine, JC Gele, D Goerlach, U Greder, S Juillot, P Karim, M Le Bihan, AC Mikami, Y Van Hove, P Fassi, F Mercier, D Baty, C Beaupere, N Bedjidian, M Bondu, O Boudoul, G Boumediene, D Brun, H Chanon, N Chierici, R Contardo, D Depasse, P El Mamouni, H Falkiewicz, A Fay, J Gascon, S Ille, B Kurca, T Le Grand, T Lethuillier, M Mirabito, L Perries, S Sordini, V Tosi, S Tschudi, Y Verdier, P Xiao, H Roinishvili, V Anagnostou, G Edelhoff, M Feld, L Heracleous, N Hindrichs, O Jussen, R Klein, K Merz, J Mohr, N Ostapchuk, A Perieanu, A Raupach, F Sammet, J Schael, S Sprenger, D Weber, H Weber, M Wittmer, B Ata, M Bender, W Erdmann, M Frangenheim, J Hebbeker, T Hinzmann, A Hoepfner, K Hof, C 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Lomidze, D. Loveless, R. Mohapatra, A. Reeder, D. Ross, I. Savin, A. Smith, W. H. Swanson, J. Weinberg, M. CA CMS collaboration TI Measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hadron-Hadron Scattering ID LHC AB Measurements of inclusive W and Z boson production cross sections in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV are presented, based on 2 : 9 pb(-1) of data recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurements, performed in the electron and muon decay channels, are combined to give sigma(pp -> WX) x B (W -> lv) = 9.95 +/- 0.07 (stat.) +/- 0.28 (syst.) +/- 1.09 (lumi.) nb and sigma(pp -> ZX) x B (Z -> l(+)l(-)) = 0.931 +/- 0.026 (stat.) +/- 0.023 (syst.) +/- 0.102 (lumi.) nb, where l stands for either e or mu. Theoretical predictions, calculated at the next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD using recent parton distribution functions, are in agreement with the measured cross sections. 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M.; Caponeri, B.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Menichelli, M.; Nappi, A.; Santocchia, A.; Servoli, L.; Taroni, S.; Valdata, M.; Volpe, R.; Pioppi, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Biasini, M.; Caponeri, B.; Fano, L.; Lariccia, P.; Lucaroni, A.; Mantovani, G.; Nappi, A.; Santocchia, A.; Taroni, S.; Valdata, M.; Volpe, R.; Pioppi, M.] Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Boccali, T.; Broccolo, G.; Castaldi, R.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Dell'Orso, R.; Fiori, F.; Foa, L.; Giassi, A.; Kraan, A.; Ligabue, F.; Lomtadze, T.; Martini, L.; Messineo, A.; Palla, F.; Palmonari, F.; Sarkar, S.; Segneri, G.; Serban, A. T.; Spagnolo, P.; Tenchini, R.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Verdini, P. G.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Bernardini, J.; Fiori, F.; Messineo, A.; Tonelli, G.] Univ Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Azzurri, P.; Broccolo, G.; D'Agnolo, R. T.; Foa, L.; Ligabue, F.; Sarkar, S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, Pisa, Italy. [Barone, L.; Cavallari, F.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Diemoz, M.; Franci, D.; Grassi, M.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Pandolfi, F.; Paramatti, R.; Rahatlou, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Rome, Italy. [Barone, L.; Del Re, D.; Di Marco, E.; Franci, D.; Longo, E.; Organtini, G.; Palma, A.; Pandolfi, F.; Rahatlou, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. [Amapane, N.; Arcidiacono, R.; Argiro, S.; Arneodo, M.; Biino, C.; Botta, C.; Cartiglia, N.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Demaria, N.; Graziano, A.; Mariotti, C.; Marone, M.; Maselli, S.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Pastrone, N.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Ruspa, M.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.; Staiano, A.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Torino, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Amapane, N.; Argiro, S.; Botta, C.; Castello, R.; Costa, M.; Graziano, A.; Marone, M.; Migliore, E.; Mila, G.; Monaco, V.; Musich, M.; Pelliccioni, M.; Romero, A.; Sacchi, R.; Sola, V.; Solano, A.; Trocino, D.; Pereira, A. Vilela] Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. [Arcidiacono, R.; Arneodo, M.; Obertino, M. M.; Ruspa, M.] Univ Piemonte Orientale Novara, Turin, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Belforte, S.; Cossutti, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Gobbo, B.; Montanino, D.; Penzo, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Ambroglini, F.; Della Ricca, G.; Montanino, D.] Univ Trieste, Trieste, Italy. [Heo, S. G.] Kangwon Natl Univ, Chunchon, South Korea. [Chang, S.; Chung, J.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, J. E.; Kong, D. J.; Park, H.; Son, D.; Son, D. C.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu, South Korea. [Kim, Zero; Kim, J. Y.; Song, S.] Chonnam Natl Univ, Inst Universe & Elementary Particles, Kwangju, South Korea. [Choi, S.; Hong, B.; Jo, M.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. H.; Kim, T. J.; Lee, K. S.; Moon, D. H.; Park, S. K.; Rhee, H. B.; Seo, E.; Shin, S.; Sim, K. S.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, H.; Choi, M.; Kang, S.; Park, C.; Park, I. C.; Park, S.; Ryu, G.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, Y.; Choi, Y. K.; Goh, J.; Lee, J.; Lee, S.; Seo, H.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Bilinskas, M. J.; Grigelionis, I.; Janulis, M.; Martisiute, D.; Petrov, P.; Sabonis, T.] Vilnius State Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Castilla Valdez, H.; De La Cruz Burelo, E.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Sanchez Hernandez, A.; Villasenor-Cendejas, L. M.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.; Vazquez Valencia, F.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Casimiro Linares, E.; Morelos Pineda, A.; Reyes-Santos, M. A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Allfrey, P.; Krofcheck, D.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Butler, P. H.; Doesburg, R.; Silverwood, H.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahmad, M.; Ahmed, I.; Asghar, M. I.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Qazi, S.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Cwiok, M.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Fac Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Bluj, M.; Frueboes, T.; Gokieli, R.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Wrochna, G.; Zalewski, P.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Almeida, N.; David, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Gallinaro, M.; Martins, P.; Musella, P.; Nayak, A.; Ribeiro, P. Q.; Seixas, J.; Silva, P.; Varela, J.; Woehri, H. K.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Finger, M.; Finger, M., Jr.; Golutvin, I.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Kozlov, G.; Lanev, A.; Moisenz, P.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Shmatov, S.; Smirnov, V.; Volodko, A.; Zarubin, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bondar, N.; Golovtsov, V.; Ivanov, Y.; Kim, V.; Levchenko, P.; Murzin, V.; Oreshkin, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Andreev, Yu.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Kaftanov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Lychkovskaya, N.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.; Nikitenko, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Obraztsov, S.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Andreev, V.; Azarkin, M.; Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Azhgirey, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Grishin, V.; Kachanov, V.; Konstantinov, D.; Korablev, A.; Krychkine, V.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Slabospitsky, S.; Sobol, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.; Milenovic, P.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.; Milenovic, P.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Arce, P.; Battilana, C.; Calvo, E.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Colino, N.; De La Cruz, B.; Diez Pardos, C.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Ferrando, A.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Lopez, O. Gonzalez; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Merino, G.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Redondo, I.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Soares, M. S.; Willmott, C.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; Codispoti, G.; de Troconiz, J. F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Folgueras, S.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Chuang, S. H.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Felcini, M.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Matorras, F.; Munoz Sanchez, F. J.; Gomez, J. Piedra; Rodrigo, T.; Ruiz Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, IFCA, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Hammer, J.; Darmenov, N.; Genchev, V.; Iaydjiev, P.; Hoffmann, K. H.; Panagiotou, A.; Hajdu, C.; Sharma, A.; Mohanty, A. K.; Lusito, L.; Chiorboli, M.; Tropiano, A.; Perrozzi, L.; Lucaroni, A.; Volpe, R.; Boccali, T.; Tonelli, G.; Venturi, A.; Pandolfi, F.; Botta, C.; Graziano, A.; Pereira, A. Vilela; Varela, J.; Grishin, V.; Abbaneo, D.; Auffray, E.; Auzinger, G.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Barney, D.; Bell, A. J.; Benedetti, D.; Bernet, C.; Bialas, W.; Bloch, P.; Bocci, A.; Bolognesi, S.; Breuker, H.; Brona, G.; Bunkowski, K.; Camporesi, T.; Cano, E.; Cerminara, G.; Christiansen, T.; Perez, J. A. Coarasa; Cure, B.; D'Enterria, D.; De Roeck, A.; Ramos, F. Duarte; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Frisch, B.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Gennai, S.; Georgiou, G.; Gerwig, H.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Glege, F.; Garrido, R. Gomez-Reino; Gouzevitch, M.; Govoni, P.; Gowdy, S.; Guiducci, L.; Hansen, M.; Harvey, J.; Hegeman, J.; Hegner, B.; Henderson, C.; Hesketh, G.; Honma, A.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Karavakis, E.; Lecoq, P.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Lourenco, C.; Macpherson, A.; Maeki, T.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Moser, R.; Mozer, M. U.; Mulders, M.; Nesvold, E.; Nguyen, M.; Orimoto, T.; Orsini, L.; Perez, E.; Petrilli, A.; Er, A. Pfei Ff; Pierini, M.; Pimiae, M.; Polese, G.; Racz, A.; Rolandi, G.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Rovelli, C.; Rovere, M.; Sakulin, H.; Schaefer, C.; Schwick, C.; Segoni, I.; Siegrist, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Spiropulu, M.; Stoeckli, F.; Stoye, M.; Tropea, P.; Tsirou, A.; Tsyganov, A.; Veres, G. I.; Vichoudis, P.; Voutilainen, M.; Zeuner, W. D.; Erhan, S.; Sharma, V.; Everett, A.; Hall-Wilton, R.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Gabathuler, K.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Koenig, S.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Meier, F.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Sibille, J.; Starodumov, A.; Marchica, C.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Weber, M.; Bortignon, P.; Caminada, L.; Chen, Z.; Cittolin, S.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Eugster, J.; Freudenreich, K.; Grab, C.; Herve, A.; Hintz, W.; Lecomte, P.; Lustermann, W.; Marchica, C.; del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz; Meridiani, P.; Milenovic, P.; Moortgat, F.; Nef, P.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pape, L.; Pauss, F.; Punz, T.; Rizzi, A.; Ronga, F. J.; Rossini, M.; Sala, L.; Sanchez, A. K.; Sawley, M. -C.; Stieger, B.; Tauscher, L.; Thea, A.; Theofilatos, K.; Treille, D.; Urscheler, C.; Wallny, R.; Wehrli, L.; Weng, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Aguilo, E.; Amsler, C.; Chiochia, V.; De Visscher, S.; Favaro, C.; Rikova, M. Ivova; Mejias, B. Millan; Regenfus, C.; Robmann, P.; Schmidt, A.; Snoek, H.; Wilke, L.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Chang, Y. H.; Chen, K. H.; Chen, W. T.; Dutta, S.; Go, A.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.; Liu, M. H.; Liu, Z. K.; Lu, Y. J.; Wu, J. H.; Yu, S. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Chang, Y. H.; Bartalini, P.; Chang, P.; Chang, Y. W.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Hou, W. -S.; Hsiung, Y.; Kao, K. Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Lu, R. -S.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Wang, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Adiguzel, A.; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dozen, C.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Gokbulut, G.; Guler, Y.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Kangal, E. E.; Karaman, T.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Nart, A.; Onengut, G.; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Sogut, K.; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Uzun, D.; Vergili, L. N.; Vergili, M.; Zorbilmez, C.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Akin, I. V.; Aliev, T.; Bilmis, S.; Deniz, M.; Gamsizkan, H.; Guler, A. M.; Ocalan, K.; Ozpineci, A.; Serin, M.; Sever, R.; Surat, U. E.; Yildirim, E.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Deliomeroglu, M.; Demir, D.; Gulmez, E.; Halu, A.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Levchuk, L.] Kharkov Phys & Technol Inst, Natl Sci Ctr, UA-310108 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Hansen, M.; Bell, P.; Bostock, F.; Brooke, J. J.; Cheng, T. L.; Clement, E.; Cussans, D.; Frazier, R.; Goldstein, J.; Grimes, M.; Hartley, D.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Huckvale, B.; Jackson, J.; Kreczko, L.; Metson, S.; Newbold, D. M.; Nirunpong, K.; Poll, A.; Senkin, S.; Smith, V. J.; Ward, S.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Newbold, D. M.; Basso, L.; Bell, K. W.; Belyaev, A.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Kennedy, B. W.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Tomalin, I. R.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Bainbridge, R.; Ball, G.; Ballin, J.; Beuselinck, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Cutajar, M.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Bryer, A. Guneratne; Hall, G.; Hatherell, Z.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Karapostoli, G.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A. -M.; Marrouche, J.; Nandi, R.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Pioppi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rompotis, N.; Rose, A.; Ryan, M. J.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sparrow, A.; Tapper, A.; Tourneur, S.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Wardrope, D.; Whyntie, T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Barrett, M.; Chadwick, M.; Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Martin, W.; Reid, I. D.; Teodorescu, L.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Hatakeyama, K.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Bose, T.; Jarrin, E. Carrera; Clough, A.; Fantasia, C.; Heister, A.; John, J. St.; Lawson, P.; Lazic, D.; Rohlf, J.; Sperka, D.; Sulak, L.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Bhattacharya, S.; Avetisyan, A.; Chou, J. P.; Cutts, D.; Ferapontov, A.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.; Kukartsev, G.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Segala, M.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Borgia, M. A.; Breedon, R.; Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca; Cebra, D.; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Friis, E.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Liu, H.; Maruyama, S.; Miceli, T.; Nikolic, M.; Pellett, D.; Robles, J.; Schwarz, T.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Tripathi, M.; Sierra, R. Vasquez; Veelken, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Andreev, V.; Wallny, R.; Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Deisher, A.; Duris, J.; Erhan, S.; Farrell, C.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Plager, C.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Liu, H.; Babb, J.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Giordano, F.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Kao, S. C.; Liu, F.; Luthra, A.; Nguyen, H.; Pasztor, G.; Satpathy, A.; Shen, B. C.; Stringer, R.; Sturdy, J.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Andrews, W.; Branson, J. G.; Dusinberre, E.; Evans, D.; Golf, F.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Mangano, B.; Muelmenstaedt, J.; Padhi, S.; Palmer, C.; Petrucciani, G.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Ranieri, R.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Tu, Y.; Vartak, A.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Barge, D.; Bellan, R.; Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Danielson, T.; Flowers, K.; Geffert, P.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Lowette, S.; Mccoll, N.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; Vlimant, J. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Gataullin, M.; Kcira, D.; Litvine, V.; Ma, Y.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Rogan, C.; Timciuc, V.; Traczyk, P.; Veverka, J.; Wilkinson, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Akgun, B.; Carroll, R.; Ferguson, T.; Iiyama, Y.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Liu, Y. F.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Terentyev, N.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Edelmaier, C. J.; Ford, W. T.; Heyburn, B.; Lopez, E. Luiggi; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K. A.; Wagner, S. R.; Zang, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Das, S.; Eggert, N.; Fields, L. J.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Hopkins, W.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Kreis, B.; Kuznetsov, V.; Kaufman, G. Nicolas; Patterson, J. R.; Puigh, D.; Riley, D.; Ryd, A.; Shi, X.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Vaughan, J.; Weng, Y.; Winstrom, L.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Biselli, A.; Cirino, G.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Banerjee, S.; Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Anderson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Bakken, J. A.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bloch, I.; Borcherding, F.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Chetluru, V.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Demarteau, M.; Eartly, D. P.; Elvira, V. D.; Esen, S.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gao, Y.; Gottschalk, E.; Green, D.; Gunthoti, K.; Gutsche, O.; Hahn, A.; Hanlon, J.; Hirschauer, J.; Hooberman, B.; James, E.; Jensen, H.; Joshi, U.; Khatiwada, R.; Kilminster, B.; Klima, B.; Kousouris, K.; Kunori, S.; Kwan, S.; Limon, P.; Lipton, R.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; No, J. M. Marra Ffi; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; McCauley, T.; Miao, T.; Mishra, K.; Mrenna, S.; Musienko, Y.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Popescu, S.; Pordes, R.; Prokofyev, O.; Saoulidou, N.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sharma, S.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Tan, P.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitmore, J.; Wu, W.; Yang, F.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.; Johnson, K. F.; Harris, P.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Chen, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Dobur, D.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fisher, M.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gartner, J.; Goldberg, S.; Kim, B.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Kypreos, T.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Muniz, L.; Pakhotin, Y.; Prescott, C.; Remington, R.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Sellers, P.; Skhirtladze, N.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.; Zakaria, M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ceron, C.; Gaultney, V.; Kramer, L.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bandurin, D.; Bochenek, J.; Chen, J.; Diamond, B.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, M.; Johnson, K. F.; Prosper, H.; Sekmen, S.; Veeraraghavan, V.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baarmand, M. M.; Dorney, B.; Guragain, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Ralich, R.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Bai, Y.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dragoiu, C.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatyan, S.; Lacroix, F.; O'Brien, C.; Silvestre, C.; Smoron, A.; Strom, D.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois Chicago UIC, Chicago, IL USA. [Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Bilki, B.; Cankocak, K.; Clarida, W.; Duru, F.; Lae, C. K.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Sen, S.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bonato, A.; Eskew, C.; Fehling, D.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Hu, G.; Maksimovic, P.; Rappoccio, S.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N. V.; Whitbeck, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Benelli, G.; Grachov, O.; Murray, M.; Noonan, D.; Radicci, V.; Sanders, S.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Bolton, T.; Chakaberia, I.; Ivanov, A.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Shrestha, S.; Svintradze, I.; Wan, Z.] Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Gronberg, J.; Lange, D.; Wright, D.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Baden, A.; Boutemeur, M.; Eno, S. C.; Ferencek, D.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kirn, M.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Rossato, K.; Rumerio, P.; Santanastasio, F.; Skuja, A.; Temple, J.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Twedt, E.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wyslouch, B.; Alver, B.; Bauer, G.; Bendavid, J.; Busza, W.; Butz, E.; Cali, I. A.; Chan, M.; Dutta, V.; Everaerts, P.; Ceballos, G. Gomez; Goncharov, M.; Hahn, K. A.; Harris, P.; Kim, Y.; Klute, M.; Lee, Y. -J.; Loizides, C.; Luckey, P. D.; Ma, T.; Nahn, S.; Paus, C.; Ralph, D.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rudolph, M.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sumorok, K.; Sung, K.; Wenger, E. A.; Xie, S.; Yilmaz, Y.; Yoon, A. S.; Zanetti, M.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cole, P.; Cooper, S. I.; Cushman, P.; Dahmes, B.; De Benedetti, A.; Dudero, P. R.; Franzoni, G.; Haupt, J.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Mans, J.; Rekovic, V.; Rusack, R.; Sasseville, M.; Singovsky, A.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Cremaldi, L. M.; Godang, R.; Kroeger, R.; Perera, L.; Rahmat, R.; Sanders, D. A.; Summers, D.] Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. [Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Butt, J.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Eads, M.; Keller, J.; Kelly, T.; Kravchenko, I.; Lazo-Flores, J.; Lundstedt, C.; Malbouisson, H.; Malik, S.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Kumar, A.; Baur, U.; Godshalk, A.; Iashvili, I.; Kharchilava, A.; Shipkowski, S. P.; Smith, K.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Boeriu, O.; Chasco, M.; Kaadze, K.; Reucroft, S.; Swain, J.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Schmitt, M.; Anastassov, A.; Kubik, A.; Odell, N.; Erzynski, R. A. O. Fi; Pollack, B.; Pozdnyakov, A.; Stoynev, S.; Velasco, M.; Won, S.] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Antonelli, L.; Berry, D.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kolb, J.; Kolberg, T.; Lannon, K.; Luo, W.; Lynch, S.; Marinelli, N.; Morse, D. M.; Pearson, T.; Ruchti, R.; Slaunwhite, J.; Valls, N.; Warchol, J.; Wayne, M.; Ziegler, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Gu, J.; Hill, C.; Killewald, P.; Kotov, K.; Ling, T. Y.; Rodenburg, M.; Williams, G.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Adam, N.; Berry, E.; Elmer, P.; Gerbaudo, D.; Halyo, V.; Hebda, P.; Hunt, A.; Jones, J.; Laird, E.; Pegna, D. Lopes; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Piroue, P.; Quan, X.; Saka, H.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Werner, J. S.; Zuranski, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Acosta, J. G.; Huang, X. T.; Lopez, A.; Mendez, H.; Oliveros, S.; Vargas, J. E. Ramirez; Zatserklyaniy, A.] Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. [Alagoz, E.; Barnes, V. E.; Bolla, G.; Borrello, L.; Bortoletto, D.; Everett, A.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Gecse, Z.; Gutay, L.; Hu, Z.; Jones, M.; Koybasi, O.; Maroussov, V.; Laasanen, A. T.; Leonardo, N.; Liu, C.; Merkel, P.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Potamianos, K.; Shipsey, I.; Silvers, D.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Yoo, H. D.; Zablocki, J.; Zheng, Y.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jindal, P.; Parashar, N.] Purdue Univ Calumet, Hammond, LA USA. [Boulahouache, C.; Cuplov, V.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Liu, J. H.; Morales, J.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Zabel, J.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. [Chung, J.; Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; Covarelli, R.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Eshaq, Y.; Flacher, H.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Goldenzweig, P.; Gotra, Y.; Han, J.; Harel, A.; Miner, D. C.; Orbaker, D.; Petrillo, G.; Vishnevskiy, D.; Zielinski, M.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Bhatti, A.; Demortier, L.; Goulianos, K.; Lungu, G.; Mesropian, C.; Yan, M.] Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Atramentov, O.; Barker, A.; Duggan, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Gray, R.; Halkiadakis, E.; Hidas, D.; Hits, D.; Lath, A.; Panwalkar, S.; Patel, R.; Richards, A.; Rose, K.; Schnetzer, S.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Cerizza, G.; Hollingsworth, M.; Spanier, S.; Yang, Z. C.; York, A.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Asaadi, J.; Eusebi, R.; Gilmore, J.; Gurrola, A.; Kamon, T.; Khotilovich, V.; Montalvo, R.; Nguyen, C. N.; Pivarski, J.; Safonov, A.; Sengupta, S.; Tatarinov, A.; Toback, D.; Weinberger, M.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Akchurin, N.; Bardak, C.; Damgov, J.; Jeong, C.; Kovitanggoon, K.; Lee, S. W.; Mane, P.; Roh, Y.; Sill, A.; Volobouev, I.; Wigmans, R.; Yazgan, E.] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Appelt, E.; Brownson, E.; Engh, D.; Florez, C.; Gabella, W.; Johns, W.; Kurt, P.; Maguire, C.; Melo, A.; Sheldon, P.; Velkovska, J.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. [Arenton, M. W.; Balazs, M.; Boutle, S.; Buehler, M.; Conetti, S.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Yohay, R.] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gollapinni, S.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Lamichhane, P.; Mattson, M.; Milstene, C.; Sakharov, A.] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. [Anderson, M.; Bachtis, M.; Bellinger, J. N.; Carlsmith, D.; Dasu, S.; Efron, J.; Gray, L.; Grogg, K. S.; Grothe, M.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Herndon, M.; Klabbers, P.; Klukas, J.; Lanaro, A.; Lazaridis, C.; Leonard, J.; Lomidze, D.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Reeder, D.; Ross, I.; Savin, A.; Smith, W. H.; Swanson, J.; Weinberg, M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Hektor, A.] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil. [Plestina, R.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Assran, Y.] Suez Canal Univ, Suez, Egypt. [Adam, W.; Mahmoud, M. A.] Fayoum Univ, Al Fayyum, Egypt. [Agram, J. -L.; Conte, E.; Drouhin, F.; Fontaine, J. -C.] Univ Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. [Bergholz, M.; Lohmann, W.; Schmidt, R.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany. [Zhukov, V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Horvath, D.] Inst Nucl Res ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary. [Krajczar, K.; Vesztergombi, G.; Veres, G. I.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary. [Maity, M.] Visva Bharati Univ, Santini Ketan, W Bengal, India. [Colafranceschi, S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Fac Ingn, Rome, Italy. Univ Basilicata, I-85100 Potenza, Italy. [Lacaprara, S.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. [Bell, A. J.] Univ Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Scuola Normale Sez, Pisa, Italy. [Cerci, S.] Adiyaman Univ, Adiyaman, Turkey. [Sogut, K.] Mersin Univ, Mersin, Turkey. [Demir, D.] Izmir Inst Technol, Izmir, Turkey. [Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.] Kafkas Univ, Kars, Turkey. [Ozkorucuklu, S.] Suleyman Demirel Univ, TR-32200 Isparta, Turkey. [Sonmez, N.] Ege Univ, Izmir, Turkey. [Popescu, S.] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Phys & Nucl Engn IFIN HH, Bucharest, Romania. [Cankocak, K.] Istanbul Tech Univ, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Khachatryan, V (reprint author), Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. RI Haj Ahmad, Wael/E-6738-2016; Xie, Si/O-6830-2016; Leonardo, Nuno/M-6940-2016; Goh, Junghwan/Q-3720-2016; Govoni, Pietro/K-9619-2016; Tuominen, Eija/A-5288-2017; Yazgan, Efe/C-4521-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Gerbaudo, Davide/J-4536-2012; Andreev, Vladimir/M-8665-2015; Cakir, Altan/P-1024-2015; TUVE', Cristina/P-3933-2015; Gulmez, Erhan/P-9518-2015; KIM, Tae Jeong/P-7848-2015; Arce, Pedro/L-1268-2014; Flix, Josep/G-5414-2012; Ozdemir, Kadri/P-8058-2014; Azarkin, Maxim/N-2578-2015; Paganoni, Marco/A-4235-2016; Kirakosyan, Martin/N-2701-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/L-4142-2016; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/A-5598-2009; Konecki, Marcin/G-4164-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Bedoya, Cristina/K-8066-2014; Matorras, Francisco/I-4983-2015; My, Salvatore/I-5160-2015; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/K-2432-2015; Rovelli, Tiziano/K-4432-2015; Dremin, Igor/K-8053-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Bolton, Tim/A-7951-2012; Yang, Fan/B-2755-2012; Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/D-4314-2011; Lokhtin, Igor/D-7004-2012; Kodolova, Olga/D-7158-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Mignerey, Alice/D-6623-2011; Ruiz, Alberto/E-4473-2011; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; Hektor, Andi/G-1804-2011; Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth/H-5657-2011; Chen, Jie/H-6210-2011; Katkov, Igor/E-2627-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; Snigirev, Alexander/D-8912-2012; Brona, Grzegorz/E-5544-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; Tomei, Thiago/E-7091-2012; Novaes, Sergio/D-3532-2012; Padula, Sandra /G-3560-2012; Fruhwirth, Rudolf/H-2529-2012; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Torassa, Ezio/I-1788-2012; Giacomelli, Paolo/B-8076-2009; Jeitler, Manfred/H-3106-2012; Venturi, Andrea/J-1877-2012; de Jesus Damiao, Dilson/G-6218-2012; Montanari, Alessandro/J-2420-2012; Amapane, Nicola/J-3683-2012; tosi, mia/J-5777-2012; Petrushanko, Sergey/D-6880-2012; Raidal, Martti/F-4436-2012; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/B-6826-2013; Kadastik, Mario/B-7559-2008; Mundim, Luiz/A-1291-2012; Santaolalla, Javier/C-3094-2013; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/E-8563-2013; Zalewski, Piotr/H-7335-2013; Ivanov, Andrew/A-7982-2013; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; Wimpenny, Stephen/K-8848-2013; Troitsky, Sergey/C-1377-2014; Marlow, Daniel/C-9132-2014; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Janssen, Xavier/E-1915-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Codispoti, Giuseppe/F-6574-2014; Gribushin, Andrei/J-4225-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; Calderon, Alicia/K-3658-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/L-1203-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Marinho, Franciole/N-8101-2014; Ragazzi, Stefano/D-2463-2009; Benussi, Luigi/O-9684-2014; Russ, James/P-3092-2014; Dahms, Torsten/A-8453-2015; Ahmed, Ijaz/E-9144-2015; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/E-9678-2015; Sen, Sercan/C-6473-2014 OI Haj Ahmad, Wael/0000-0003-1491-0446; Xie, Si/0000-0003-2509-5731; Leonardo, Nuno/0000-0002-9746-4594; Goh, Junghwan/0000-0002-1129-2083; Govoni, Pietro/0000-0002-0227-1301; Tuominen, Eija/0000-0002-7073-7767; Yazgan, Efe/0000-0001-5732-7950; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Gerbaudo, Davide/0000-0002-4463-0878; Heath, Helen/0000-0001-6576-9740; TUVE', Cristina/0000-0003-0739-3153; Gulmez, Erhan/0000-0002-6353-518X; KIM, Tae Jeong/0000-0001-8336-2434; Arce, Pedro/0000-0003-3009-0484; Flix, Josep/0000-0003-2688-8047; Ozdemir, Kadri/0000-0002-0103-1488; Paganoni, Marco/0000-0003-2461-275X; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Vilela Pereira, Antonio/0000-0003-3177-4626; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Trocsanyi, Zoltan/0000-0002-2129-1279; Konecki, Marcin/0000-0001-9482-4841; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Bedoya, Cristina/0000-0001-8057-9152; Matorras, Francisco/0000-0003-4295-5668; My, Salvatore/0000-0002-9938-2680; Muelmenstaedt, Johannes/0000-0003-1105-6678; Rovelli, Tiziano/0000-0002-9746-4842; Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Tinoco Mendes, Andre David/0000-0001-5854-7699; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Ruiz, Alberto/0000-0002-3639-0368; Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; Hektor, Andi/0000-0001-7873-8118; Wulz, Claudia-Elisabeth/0000-0001-9226-5812; Katkov, Igor/0000-0003-3064-0466; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Tomei, Thiago/0000-0002-1809-5226; Novaes, Sergio/0000-0003-0471-8549; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; de Jesus Damiao, Dilson/0000-0002-3769-1680; Montanari, Alessandro/0000-0003-2748-6373; Amapane, Nicola/0000-0001-9449-2509; Della Ricca, Giuseppe/0000-0003-2831-6982; Mundim, Luiz/0000-0001-9964-7805; Rolandi, Luigi (Gigi)/0000-0002-0635-274X; Ivanov, Andrew/0000-0002-9270-5643; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Wimpenny, Stephen/0000-0003-0505-4908; Troitsky, Sergey/0000-0001-6917-6600; Codispoti, Giuseppe/0000-0003-0217-7021; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Calvo Alamillo, Enrique/0000-0002-1100-2963; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Marinho, Franciole/0000-0002-7327-0349; Ragazzi, Stefano/0000-0001-8219-2074; Benussi, Luigi/0000-0002-2363-8889; Russ, James/0000-0001-9856-9155; Dahms, Torsten/0000-0003-4274-5476; Lazzizzera, Ignazio/0000-0001-5092-7531; Sen, Sercan/0000-0001-7325-1087 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 080 DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2011)080 PG 40 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729GW UT WOS:000287937700078 ER PT J AU Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, AM Tumasyan, A Adam, W Bergauer, T Dragicevic, M Ero, J Fabjan, C Friedl, M Fruhwirth, R Ghete, VM Hammer, J Hansel, S Hartl, C Hoch, M Hormann, N Hrubec, J Jeitler, M Kasieczka, G Kiesenhofer, W Krammer, M Liko, D Mikulec, I Pernicka, M Rohringer, H Schofbeck, R Strauss, J Taurok, A Teischinger, F Waltenberger, W Walzel, G Widl, E Wulz, CE Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N Gonzalez, JS Benucci, L Ceard, L Cerny, K De Wolf, EA Janssen, X Maes, T Mucibello, L Ochesanu, S Roland, B Rougny, R Selvaggi, M Van Haevermaet, H Van Mechelen, P Van Remortel, N Adler, V Beauceron, S Blekman, F Blyweert, S D'Hondt, J Devroede, O Kalogeropoulos, A Maes, J Maes, M Tavernier, S Van Doninck, W Van Mulders, P Van Onsem, GP Villella, I Charaf, O Clerbaux, B De Lentdecker, G Dero, V Gay, APR Hammad, GH Hreus, T Marage, PE Thomas, L Velde, CV Vanlaer, P Wickens, J Costantini, S Grunewald, M Klein, B Marinov, A Ryckbosch, D Thyssen, F Tytgat, M Vanelderen, L Verwilligen, P Walsh, S Zaganidis, N Basegmez, S Bruno, G Caudron, J De Jeneret, JD Delaere, C Demin, P Favart, D Giammanco, A Gregoire, G Hollar, J Lemaitre, V Liao, J Militaru, O Ovyn, S Pagano, D Pin, A Piotrzkowski, K Quertenmont, L Schul, N Beliy, N Caebergs, T Daubie, E Alves, GA Damiao, DDJ Pol, ME Souza, MHG Carvalho, W Da Costa, EM Martins, CD De Souza, SF Mundim, L Nogima, H Oguri, V Da Silva, WLP Santoro, A Do Amaral, SMS Sznajder, A De Araujo, FTD Dias, FA Dias, MAF Tomei, TRFP Gregores, EM Marinho, F Novaes, SF Padula, SS Darmenov, N Dimitrov, L Genchev, V Iaydjiev, P Piperov, S Rodozov, M Stoykova, S Sultanov, G Tcholakov, V Trayanov, R Vankov, I Dyulendarova, M Hadjiiska, R Kozhuharov, V Litov, L Marinova, E Mateev, M Pavlov, B Petkov, P Bian, JG Chen, GM Chen, HS Jiang, CH Liang, D Liang, S Wang, J Wang, J Wang, X Wang, Z Yang, M Zang, J Zhang, Z Ban, Y 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CA CMS Collaboration TI Charged particle multiplicities in pp interactions at root s=0:9, 2:36, and 7 TeV SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Hadron-Hadron Scattering ID DUAL PARTON MODEL; PROTON-ANTIPROTON COLLISIONS; TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; MULTIPARTICLE PRODUCTION; NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; HIGH-ENERGIES; MINIMUM-BIAS; ISR ENERGIES AB Measurements of primary charged hadron multiplicity distributions are presented for non-single-diffractive events in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of root s = 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV, in five pseudorapidity ranges from vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.5 to vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.4. The data were collected with the minimum-bias trigger of the CMS experiment during the LHC commissioning runs in 2009 and the 7 TeV run in 2010. The multiplicity distribution at root s - 0.9 TeV is in agreement with previous measurements. At higher energies the increase of the mean multiplicity with root s is underestimated by most event generators. The average transverse momentum as a function of the multiplicity is also presented. The measurement of higher-order moments of the multiplicity distribution con firms the violation of Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling that has been observed at lower energies. C1 [Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.] Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. [Adam, W.; Bergauer, T.; Dragicevic, M.; Eroe, J.; Fabjan, C.; Friedl, M.; Fruehwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hammer, J.; Haensel, S.; Hartl, C.; Hoch, M.; Hoermann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Kasieczka, G.; Kiesenhofer, W.; Krammer, M.; Liko, D.; Mikulec, I.; Pernicka, M.; Rohringer, H.; Schoefbeck, R.; Strauss, J.; Taurok, A.; Teischinger, F.; Waltenberger, W.; Walzel, G.; Widl, E.; Wulz, C. -E.] OeAW, Inst Hochenergiephys, Vienna, Austria. [Mossolov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Gonzalez, J. 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K.; Rhee, H. B.; Seo, E.; Shin, S.; Sim, K. S.] Korea Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, M.; Kang, S.; Kim, H.; Park, C.; Park, I. C.; Park, S.; Ryu, G.] Univ Seoul, Seoul, South Korea. [Choi, Y.; Choi, Y. K.; Goh, J.; Lee, J.; Lee, S.; Seo, H.; Yu, I.] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon, South Korea. [Bilinskas, M. J.; Grigelionis, I.; Janulis, M.; Martisiute, D.; Petrov, P.; Sabonis, T.] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Castilla Valdez, H.; De La Cruz Burelo, E.; Lopez-Fernandez, R.; Sanchez Hernandez, A.; Villasenor-Cendejas, L. M.] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Carrillo Moreno, S.; Vazquez Valencia, F.] Univ Iberoamer, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Salazar Ibarguen, H. A.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Casimiro Linares, E.; Morelos Pineda, A.; Reyes-Santos, M. A.] Univ Autonoma San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. [Allfrey, P.; Krofcheck, D.; Tam, J.] Univ Auckland, Auckland 1, New Zealand. [Butler, P. H.; Doesburg, R.; Silverwood, H.] Univ Canterbury, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. [Ahmad, M.; Ahmed, I.; Asghar, M. I.; Hoorani, H. R.; Khan, W. A.; Khurshid, T.; Qazi, S.] Quaid I Azam Univ, Natl Ctr Phys, Islamabad, Pakistan. [Cwiok, M.; Dominik, W.; Doroba, K.; Kalinowski, A.; Konecki, M.; Krolikowski, J.] Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. [Frueboes, T.; Gokieli, R.; Gorski, M.; Kazana, M.; Nawrocki, K.; Romanowska-Rybinska, K.; Szleper, M.; Wrochna, G.; Zalewski, P.] Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Almeida, N.; David, A.; Faccioli, P.; Ferreira Parracho, P. G.; Gallinaro, M.; Martins, P.; Musella, P.; Nayak, A.; Ribeiro, P. Q.; Seixas, J.; Varela, P. Silva J.; Woehri, H. K.] Lab Instrumentacao & Fis Expt Particulas, Lisbon, Portugal. [Belotelov, I.; Bunin, P.; Finger, M.; Finger, M., Jr.; Golutvin, I.; Kamenev, A.; Karjavin, V.; Kozlov, G.; Lanev, A.; Moisenz, P.; Palichik, V.; Perelygin, V.; Shmatov, S.; Smirnov, V.; Volodko, A.; Zarubin, A.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. [Bondar, N.; Golovtsov, V.; Kim, V.; Levchenko, P.; Murzin, V.; Oreshkin, V.; Smirnov, I.; Sulimov, V.; Uvarov, L.; Vavilov, S.; Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. [Andreev, Yu.; Gninenko, S.; Golubev, N.; Kirsanov, M.; Krasnikov, N.; Matveev, V.; Pashenkov, A.; Toropin, A.; Troitsky, S.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow, Russia. [Epshteyn, V.; Gavrilov, V.; Kaftanov, V.; Kossov, M.; Krokhotin, A.; Lychkovskaya, N.; Safronov, G.; Semenov, S.; Stolin, V.; Vlasov, E.; Zhokin, A.] Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. [Boos, E.; Dubinin, M.; Dudko, L.; Ershov, A.; Gribushin, A.; Kodolova, O.; Lokhtin, I.; Obraztsov, S.; Petrushanko, S.; Sarycheva, L.; Savrin, V.; Snigirev, A.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Moscow, Russia. [Andreev, V.; Azarkin, M.; Dremin, I.; Kirakosyan, M.; Rusakov, S. V.; Vinogradov, A.] PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. [Azhgirey, I.; Bitioukov, S.; Grishin, V.; Kachanov, V.; Konstantinov, D.; Korablev, A.; Krychkine, V.; Petrov, V.; Ryutin, R.; Slabospitsky, S.; Sobol, A.; Tourtchanovitch, L.; Troshin, S.; Tyurin, N.; Uzunian, A.; Volkov, A.] Inst High Energy Phys, State Res Ctr Russian Federat, Protvino, Russia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.] Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys, Belgrade 11001, Serbia. [Adzic, P.; Djordjevic, M.; Krpic, D.; Milosevic, J.] Vinca Inst Nucl Sci, Belgrade, Serbia. [Aguilar-Benitez, M.; Alcaraz Maestre, J.; Arce, P.; Battilana, C.; Calvo, E.; Cepeda, M.; Cerrada, M.; Colino, N.; De La Cruz, B.; Diez Pardos, C.; Fernandez Bedoya, C.; Fernandez Ramos, J. P.; Ferrando, A.; Flix, J.; Fouz, M. C.; Garcia-Abia, P.; Gonzalez Lopez, O.; Goy Lopez, S.; Hernandez, J. M.; Josa, M. I.; Merino, G.; Puerta Pelayo, J.; Redondo, I.; Romero, L.; Santaolalla, J.; Willmott, C.] CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Albajar, C.; Codispoti, G.; de Troconiz, J. F.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Cuevas, J.; Fernandez Menendez, J.; Folgueras, S.; Gonzalez Caballero, I.; Lloret Iglesias, L.; Vizan Garcia, J. M.] Univ Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain. [Brochero Cifuentes, J. A.; Cabrillo, I. J.; Calderon, A.; Chamizo Llatas, M.; Chuang, S. H.; Duarte Campderros, J.; Felcini, M.; Fernandez, M.; Gomez, G.; Gonzalez Sanchez, J.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Jorda, C.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Lopez Virto, A.; Marco, J.; Marco, R.; Martinez Rivero, C.; Matorras, F.; Munoz Sanchez, F. J.; Piedra Gomez, J.; Rodrigo, T.; Ruiz Jimeno, A.; Scodellaro, L.; Sobron Sanudo, M.; Vila, I.; Vilar Cortabitarte, R.] Univ Cantabria, CSIC, Inst Fis Cantabria IFCA, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Abbaneo, D.; Ray, E. Au Ff; Auzinger, G.; Baillon, P.; Ball, A. H.; Barney, D.; Bell, A. J.; Benedetti, D.; Bernet, C.; Bialas, W.; Bloch, P.; Bocci, A.; Bolognesi, S.; Breuker, H.; Brona, G.; Bunkowski, K.; Camporesi, T.; Cano, E.; Cerminara, G.; Christiansen, T.; Perez, J. A. Coarasa; Covarelli, R.; Cure, B.; D'Enterria, D.; Dahms, T.; De Roeck, A.; Ramos, F. Duarte; Elliott-Peisert, A.; Funk, W.; Gaddi, A.; Gennai, S.; Georgiou, G.; Gerwig, H.; Gigi, D.; Gill, K.; Giordano, D.; Glege, F.; Garrido, R. Gomez-Reino; Gouzevitch, M.; Govoni, P.; Gowdy, S.; Guiducci, L.; Hansen, M.; Harvey, J.; Hegeman, J.; Hegner, B.; Henderson, C.; Hoffmann, H. F.; Honma, A.; Innocente, V.; Janot, P.; Karavakis, E.; Lecoq, P.; Leonidopoulos, C.; Lourenco, C.; Macpherson, A.; Maeki, T.; Malgeri, L.; Mannelli, M.; Masetti, L.; Meijers, F.; Mersi, S.; Meschi, E.; Moser, R.; Mozer, M. U.; Mulders, M.; Nesvold, E.; Nguyen, M.; Orimoto, T.; Orsini, L.; Perez, E.; Petrilli, A.; Pfeiffer, A.; Pierini, M.; Pimia, M.; Polese, G.; Racz, A.; Rolandi, G.; Rommerskirchen, T.; Rovelli, C.; Rovere, M.; Sakulin, H.; Schaefer, C.; Schwick, C.; Segoni, I.; Sharma, A.; Siegrist, P.; Simon, M.; Sphicas, P.; Spiga, D.; Spiropulu, M.; Stoeckli, F.; Stoye, M.; Tropea, P.; Tsirou, A.; Tsyganov, A.; Veres, G. I.; Vichoudis, P.; Voutilainen, M.; Zeuner, W. D.; Anastassov, A.] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Bertl, W.; Deiters, K.; Erdmann, W.; Gabathuler, K.; Horisberger, R.; Ingram, Q.; Kaestli, H. C.; Koenig, S.; Kotlinski, D.; Langenegger, U.; Meier, F.; Renker, D.; Rohe, T.; Sibille, J.; Starodumov, A.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Bortignon, P.; Caminada, L.; Chen, Z.; Cittolin, S.; Dissertori, G.; Dittmar, M.; Eugster, J.; Freudenreich, K.; Grab, C.; Herve, A.; Hintz, W.; Lecomte, P.; Lustermann, W.; Marchica, C.; del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz; Meridiani, P.; Milenovic, P.; Moortgat, F.; Nef, P.; Nessi-Tedaldi, F.; Pape, L.; Pauss, F.; Punz, T.; Rizzi, A.; Ronga, F. J.; Sala, L.; Sanchez, A. K.; Sawley, M. -C.; Stieger, B.; Tauscher, L.; Thea, A.; Theofilatos, K.; Treille, D.; Urscheler, C.; Wallny, R.; Weber, M.; Wehrli, L.; Weng, J.] ETH, Inst Particle Phys, Zurich, Switzerland. [Aguilo, E.; Amsler, C.; Chiochia, V.; De Visscher, S.; Favaro, C.; Rikova, M. Ivova; Mejias, B. Millan; Regenfus, C.; Robmann, P.; Schmidt, A.; Snoek, H.; Wilke, L.] Univ Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Chang, Y. H.; Chen, K. H.; Chen, W. T.; Dutta, S.; Go, A.; Kuo, C. M.; Li, S. W.; Lin, W.; Liu, M. H.; Liu, Z. K.; Lu, Y. J.; Wu, J. H.; Yu, S. S.] Natl Cent Univ, Chungli, Taiwan. [Bartalini, P.; Chang, P.; Chang, Y. H.; Chang, Y. W.; Chao, Y.; Chen, K. F.; Hou, W. -S.; Hsiung, Y.; Kao, K. Y.; Lei, Y. J.; Lu, R. -S.; Shiu, J. G.; Tzeng, Y. M.; Wang, M.] Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Adiguzel, A.; Bakirci, M. N.; Cerci, S.; Dozen, C.; Dumanoglu, I.; Eskut, E.; Girgis, S.; Goekbulut, G.; Gueler, Y.; Gurpinar, E.; Hos, I.; Kangal, E. E.; Karaman, T.; Topaksu, A. Kayis; Nart, A.; Onengut, G.; Ozdemir, K.; Ozturk, S.; Polatoz, A.; Sogut, K.; Tali, B.; Topakli, H.; Uzun, D.; Vergili, L. N.; Vergili, M.; Zorbilmez, C.] Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turkey. [Akin, I. V.; Aliev, T.; Bilmis, S.; Deniz, M.; Gamsizkan, H.; Guler, A. M.; Ocalan, K.; Ozpineci, A.; Serin, M.; Sever, R.; Surat, U. E.; Yildirim, E.; Zeyrek, M.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Deliomeroglu, M.; Demir, D.; Gulmez, E.; Halu, A.; Isildak, B.; Kaya, M.; Kaya, O.; Ozbek, M.; Ozkorucuklu, S.; Sonmez, N.] Bogazici Univ, Istanbul, Turkey. [Levchuk, L.] Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, Natl Sci Ctr, Kharkov, Ukraine. [Bell, P.; Bostock, F.; Brooke, J. J.; Cheng, T. L.; Clement, E.; Cussans, D.; Frazier, R.; Goldstein, J.; Grimes, M.; Hansen, M.; Hartley, D.; Heath, G. P.; Heath, H. F.; Huckvale, B.; Jackson, J.; Kreczko, L.; Metson, S.; Newbold, D. M.; Nirunpong, K.; Poll, A.; Senkin, S.; Smith, V. J.; Ward, S.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Basso, L.; Bell, K. W.; Belyaev, A.; Brew, C.; Brown, R. M.; Camanzi, B.; Cockerill, D. J. A.; Coughlan, J. A.; Harder, K.; Harper, S.; Kennedy, B. W.; Olaiya, E.; Petyt, D.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shepherd-Themistocleous, C. H.; Tomalin, I. R.; Womersley, W. J.; Worm, S. D.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Bainbridge, R.; Ball, G.; Ballin, J.; Beuselinck, R.; Buchmuller, O.; Colling, D.; Cripps, N.; Cutajar, M.; Davies, G.; Della Negra, M.; Fulcher, J.; Futyan, D.; Bryer, A. Guneratne; Hall, G.; Hatherell, Z.; Hays, J.; Iles, G.; Karapostoli, G.; Lyons, L.; Magnan, A. -M.; Marrouche, J.; Nandi, R.; Nash, J.; Nikitenko, A.; Papageorgiou, A.; Pesaresi, M.; Petridis, K.; Pioppi, M.; Raymond, D. M.; Rompotis, N.; Rose, A.; Ryan, M. J.; Seez, C.; Sharp, P.; Sparrow, A.; Tapper, A.; Tourneur, S.; Acosta, M. Vazquez; Virdee, T.; Wakefield, S.; Wardrope, D.; Whyntie, T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. [Barrett, M.; Chadwick, M.; Cole, J. E.; Hobson, P. R.; Khan, A.; Kyberd, P.; Leslie, D.; Martin, W.; Reid, I. D.; Teodorescu, L.] Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. [Hatakeyama, K.] Baylor Univ, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Bose, T.; Jarrin, E. Carrera; Clough, A.; Fantasia, C.; Heister, A.; St John, J.; Lawson, P.; Lazic, D.; Rohlf, J.; Sperka, D.; Sulak, L.] Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Avetisyan, A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chou, J. P.; Cutts, D.; Esen, S.; Ferapontov, A.; Heintz, U.; Jabeen, S.; Kukartsev, G.; Landsberg, G.; Narain, M.; Nguyen, D.; Segala, M.; Speer, T.; Tsang, K. V.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Borgia, M. A.; Breedon, R.; Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca; Cebra, D.; Chauhan, S.; Chertok, M.; Conway, J.; Cox, P. T.; Dolen, J.; Erbacher, R.; Friis, E.; Ko, W.; Kopecky, A.; Lander, R.; Liu, H.; Maruyama, S.; Miceli, T.; Nikolic, M.; Pellett, D.; Robles, J.; Schwarz, T.; Searle, M.; Smith, J.; Squires, M.; Tripathi, M.; Sierra, R. Vasquez; Veelken, C.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Andreev, V.; Arisaka, K.; Cline, D.; Cousins, R.; Deisher, A.; Duris, J.; Erhan, S.; Farrell, C.; Hauser, J.; Ignatenko, M.; Jarvis, C.; Plager, C.; Rakness, G.; Schlein, P.; Tucker, J.; Valuev, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Babb, J.; Clare, R.; Ellison, J.; Gary, J. W.; Giordano, F.; Hanson, G.; Jeng, G. Y.; Kao, S. C.; Liu, F.; Liu, H.; Luthra, A.; Nguyen, H.; Pasztor, G.; Satpathy, A.; Shen, B. C.; Stringer, R.; Sturdy, J.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Wilken, R.; Wimpenny, S.] Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Andrews, W.; Branson, J. G.; Dusinberre, E.; Evans, D.; Golf, F.; Holzner, A.; Kelley, R.; Lebourgeois, M.; Letts, J.; Mangano, B.; Muelmenstaedt, J.; Padhi, S.; Palmer, C.; Petrucciani, G.; Pi, H.; Pieri, M.; Ranieri, R.; Sani, M.; Sharma, V.; Simon, S.; Tu, Y.; Vartak, A.; Wuerthwein, F.; Yagil, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Barge, D.; Bellan, R.; Campagnari, C.; D'Alfonso, M.; Danielson, T.; Geffert, P.; Incandela, J.; Justus, C.; Kalavase, P.; Koay, S. A.; Kovalskyi, D.; Krutelyov, V.; Lowette, S.; Mccoll, N.; Pavlunin, V.; Rebassoo, F.; Ribnik, J.; Richman, J.; Rossin, R.; Stuart, D.; To, W.; Vlimant, J. R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Bornheim, A.; Bunn, J.; Chen, Y.; Gataullin, M.; Kcira, D.; Litvine, V.; Ma, Y.; Mott, A.; Newman, H. B.; Rogan, C.; Timciuc, V.; Traczyk, P.; Veverka, J.; Wilkinson, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhu, R. Y.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Akgun, B.; Carroll, R.; Ferguson, T.; Iiyama, Y.; Jang, D. W.; Jun, S. Y.; Liu, Y. F.; Paulini, M.; Russ, J.; Terentyev, N.; Vogel, H.; Vorobiev, I.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Cumalat, J. P.; Dinardo, M. E.; Drell, B. R.; Edelmaier, C. J.; Ford, W. T.; Heyburn, B.; Lopez, E. Luiggi; Nauenberg, U.; Smith, J. G.; Stenson, K.; Ulmer, K. A.; Wagner, S. R.; Zang, S. L.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Agostino, L.; Alexander, J.; Chatterjee, A.; Das, S.; Eggert, N.; Fields, L. J.; Gibbons, L. K.; Heltsley, B.; Hopkins, W.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Kreis, B.; Kuznetsov, V.; Kaufman, G. Nicolas; Patterson, J. R.; Puigh, D.; Riley, D.; Ryd, A.; Shi, X.; Sun, W.; Teo, W. D.; Thom, J.; Thompson, J.; Vaughan, J.; Weng, Y.; Winstrom, L.; Wittich, P.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Biselli, A.; Cirino, G.; Winn, D.] Fairfield Univ, Fairfield, CT 06430 USA. [Abdullin, S.; Albrow, M.; Anderson, J.; Apollinari, G.; Atac, M.; Bakken, J. A.; Banerjee, S.; Bauerdick, L. A. T.; Beretvas, A.; Berryhill, J.; Bhat, P. C.; Bloch, I.; Borcherding, F.; Burkett, K.; Butler, J. N.; Chetluru, V.; Cheung, H. W. K.; Chlebana, F.; Cihangir, S.; Demarteau, M.; Eartly, D. P.; Elvira, V. D.; Fisk, I.; Freeman, J.; Gao, Y.; Gottschalk, E.; Green, D.; Gunthoti, K.; Gutsche, O.; Hahn, A.; Hanlon, J.; Harris, R. M.; Hirschauer, J.; Hooberman, B.; James, E.; Jensen, H.; Johnson, M.; Joshi, U.; Khatiwada, R.; Kilminster, B.; Klima, B.; Kousouris, K.; Kunori, S.; Kwan, S.; Limon, P.; Lipton, R.; Lykken, J.; Maeshima, K.; Marraffino, J. M.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; McCauley, T.; Miao, T.; Mishra, K.; Mrenna, S.; Musienko, Y.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Popescu, S.; Pordes, R.; Prokofyev, O.; Saoulidou, N.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Sharma, S.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Tan, P.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vidal, R.; Whitmore, J.; Wu, W.; Yang, F.; Yumiceva, F.; Yun, J. C.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Chen, M.; Di Giovanni, G. P.; Dobur, D.; Drozdetskiy, A.; Field, R. D.; Fisher, M.; Fu, Y.; Furic, I. K.; Gartner, J.; Goldberg, S.; Kim, B.; Klimenko, S.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kropivnitskaya, A.; Kypreos, T.; Matchev, K.; Mitselmakher, G.; Muniz, L.; Pakhotin, Y.; Prescott, C.; Remington, R.; Schmitt, M.; Scurlock, B.; Sellers, P.; Skhirtladze, N.; Wang, D.; Yelton, J.; Zakaria, M.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Ceron, C.; Gaultney, V.; Kramer, L.; Lebolo, L. M.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bandurin, D.; Bochenek, J.; Chen, J.; Diamond, B.; Gleyzer, S. V.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Jenkins, M.; Johnson, K. F.; Prosper, H.; Sekmen, S.; Veeraraghavan, V.] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Baarmand, M. M.; Dorney, B.; Guragain, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Ralich, R.; Vodopiyanov, I.] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Adams, M. R.; Anghel, I. M.; Apanasevich, L.; Bai, Y.; Bazterra, V. E.; Betts, R. R.; Callner, J.; Cavanaugh, R.; Dragoiu, C.; Garcia-Solis, E. J.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Khalatyan, S.; Lacroix, F.; O'Brien, C.; Silvestre, C.; Smoron, A.; Strom, D.; Varelas, N.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Akgun, U.; Albayrak, E. A.; Bilki, B.; Cankocak, K.; Clarida, W.; Duru, F.; Lae, C. K.; McCliment, E.; Merlo, J. -P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Newsom, C. R.; Norbeck, E.; Olson, J.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Sen, S.; Wetzel, J.; Yetkin, T.; Yi, K.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bonato, A.; Eskew, C.; Fehling, D.; Giurgiu, G.; Gritsan, A. V.; Guo, Z. J.; Hu, G.; Maksimovic, P.; Rappoccio, S.; Swartz, M.; Tran, N. V.; Whitbeck, A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Benelli, G.; Grachov, O.; Murray, M.; Noonan, D.; Radicci, V.; Sanders, S.; Wood, J. S.; Zhukova, V.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. 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Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, and Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germa-ny; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Office for Research and Technology, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy, and Department of Science and Technology, India; Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; Science Foundation, Ireland; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology; World Class University program of NRF, Korea; Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; State Commission for Scientific Research, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); Ministry of Science and Technologies of the Russian Federation, and Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy; Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Serbia; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain; Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); National Science Council, Taipei; Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; Science and Technology Facilities Council, U. K.; US Department of Energy; US National Science Foundation; European Research Council (European Union); Leventis Foundation; A. P. Sloan Foundation; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Associazione per lo Sviluppo Scientifico e Tecnologico del Piemonte (Italy); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); Marie-Curie programme FX We wish to congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC machine. We thank the technical and administrative staff at CERN and other CMS institutes. This work was supported by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; the Belgium Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Estonian Academy of Sciences and NICPB; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, and Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, France; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germa-ny; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Office for Research and Technology, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy, and Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the World Class University program of NRF, Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the State Commission for Scientific Research, Poland; the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); the Ministry of Science and Technologies of the Russian Federation, and Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy; the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the National Science Council, Taipei; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, U. K.; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation.; Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Associazione per lo Sviluppo Scientifico e Tecnologico del Piemonte (Italy); the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); and the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium). NR 88 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 41 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD JAN PY 2011 IS 1 AR 079 DI 10.1007/JHEP01(2011)079 PG 38 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 729GY UT WOS:000287937900001 ER PT J AU Liu, DY Zhou, L Karney, B Zhang, QF Ou, CQ AF Liu, Deyou Zhou, Ling Karney, Bryan Zhang, Qinfen Ou, Chuanqi TI Rigid-plug elastic-water model for transient pipe flow with entrapped air pocket SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Air pocket; entrapped air; mathematical model; pipe system; pressure surge; transient flow ID SYSTEMS AB Pressure transients in a rapidly-filling pipe with an entrapped air pocket are investigated analytically. A rigid-plug elastic-water model is developed by applying elastic-water hammer to the majority of the water columns while applying rigid-water analysis to a small portion near the air-water interface. The proposed model is validated by the full elastic-water model and experimental data. It effectively avoids the interpolation error of the method of characteristics C1 [Liu, Deyou; Zhou, Ling] Hohai Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Karney, Bryan] Univ Toronto, Dept Civil Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. [Zhang, Qinfen] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ou, Chuanqi] Int Ctr Small Hydro Power, Hangzhou 310002, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Liu, DY (reprint author), Hohai Univ, Coll Water Conservancy & Hydropower Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM liudyhhuc@163.com; zlhhu@163.com; karney@ecf.utoronto.ca; zhangq1@ornl.gov; cq_o@163.com FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50979029]; China Scholar Council (CSC) [2009671024] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50979029) and the China Scholar Council (CSC), File No. 2009671024. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1686 J9 J HYDRAUL RES JI J. Hydraul. Res. PY 2011 VL 49 IS 6 BP 799 EP 803 DI 10.1080/00221686.2011.621740 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 865PB UT WOS:000298321700012 ER PT J AU Abreu, P Aglietta, M Ahn, EJ Allard, D Allekotte, I Allen, J Castillo, JA Alvarez-Muniz, J Ambrosio, M Aminaei, A Anchordoqui, L Andringa, S Anticic, T Anzalone, A Aramo, C Arganda, E Arisaka, K Arqueros, F Asorey, H Assis, P Aublin, J Ave, M Avenier, M Avila, G Backer, T Badagnani, D Balzer, M Barber, KB Barbosa, AF Bardenet, R Barroso, SLC Baughman, B Beatty, JJ Becker, BR Becker, KH Belletoile, A Bellido, JA BenZvi, S Berat, C Bergmann, T Bertou, X Biermann, PL Billoir, P Blanco, F Blanco, M Bleve, C Blumer, H Bohacova, M Boncioli, D Bonifazi, C Bonino, R Borodai, N Brack, J Brogueira, P Brown, WC Bruijn, R Buchholz, P Bueno, A Burton, RE Busca, NG Caballero-Mora, KS Caramete, L Caruso, R Castellina, A Catalano, O Cataldi, G Cazon, L Cester, R Chauvin, J Chiavassa, A Chinellato, JA Chou, A Chudoba, J Clay, RW Colombo, E Coluccia, MR Conceicao, R Contreras, F Cook, H Cooper, MJ Coppens, J Cordier, A Cotti, U Coutu, S Covault, CE Creusot, A Criss, A Cronin, J Curutiu, A Dagoret-Campagne, S Dallier, R Dasso, S Daumiller, K Dawson, BR de Almeida, RM De Domenico, M De Donato, C de Jong, SJ De La Vega, G de Mello, WJM Neto, JRTD De Mitri, I de Souza, V de Vries, KD Decerprit, G del Peral, L Deligny, O Della Selva, A Dembinski, H Denkiewicz, A Di Giulio, C Diaz, JC Castro, MLD Diep, PN Dobrigkeit, C D'Olivo, JC Dong, PN Dorofeev, A dos Anjos, JC Dova, MT D'Urso, D Dutan, I Ebr, J Engel, R Erdmann, M Escobar, CO Etchegoyen, A San Luis, PF Falcke, H Farrar, G Fauth, AC Fazzini, N Ferguson, AP Ferrero, A Fick, B Filevich, A Filipcic, A Fleck, I Fliescher, S Fracchiolla, CE Fraenkel, ED Frohlich, U Fuchs, B Fulgione, W Gamarra, RF Gambetta, S Garcia, B Gamez, DG Garcia-Pinto, D Garrido, X Gascon, A Gelmini, G Gemmeke, H Gesterling, K Ghia, PL Giaccari, U Giller, M Glass, H Gold, MS Golup, G Albarracin, FG Berisso, MG Goncalves, P Gonzalez, D Gonzalez, JG Gookin, B Gora, D Gorgi, A Gouffon, P Gozzini, SR Grashorn, E Grebe, S Grigat, M Grillo, AF Guardincerri, Y Guarino, F Guedes, GP Hague, JD Hansen, P Harari, D Harmsma, S Harton, JL Haungs, A Hebbeker, T Heck, D Herve, AE Hojvat, C Holmes, VC Homola, P Horandel, JR Horneffer, A Hrabovsky, M Huege, T Insolia, A Ionita, F Italiano, A Jiraskova, S Kadija, K Kaducak, M Kampert, KH Karhan, P Karova, T Kasper, P Kegl, B Keilhauer, B Keivani, A Kelley, JL Kemp, E Kieckhafer, RM Klages, HO Kleifges, M Kleinfeller, J Knapp, J Koang, DH Kotera, K Krohm, N Kromer, O Kruppke-Hansen, D Kuehn, F Kuempel, D Kulbartz, JK Kunka, N La Rosa, G Lachaud, C Lautridou, P Leao, MSAB Lebrun, D Lebrun, P de Oliveira, MAL Lemiere, A Letessier-Selvon, A Lhenry-Yvon, I Link, K Lopez, R Aguera, AL Louedec, K Bahilo, JL Lucero, A Ludwig, M Lyberis, H Maccarone, MC Macolino, C Maldera, S Mandat, D Mantsch, P Mariazzi, AG Marin, V Maris, IC Falcon, HRM Marsella, G Martello, D Martin, L Bravo, OM Mathes, HJ Matthews, J Matthews, JAJ Matthiae, G Maurizio, D Mazur, PO Medina-Tanco, G Melissas, M Melo, D Menichetti, E Menshikov, A Meurer, C Micanovic, S Micheletti, MI Miller, W Miramonti, L Mollerach, S Monasor, M Ragaigne, DM Montanet, F Morales, B Morello, C Moreno, E Moreno, JC Morris, C Mostafa, M Mueller, S Muller, MA Muller, G Munchmeyer, M Mussa, R Navarra, G Navarro, JL Navas, S Necesal, P Nellen, L Nhung, PT Nierstenhoefer, N Nitz, D Nosek, D Nozka, L Nyklicek, M Oehlschlager, J Olinto, A Oliva, P Olmos-Gilbaja, VM Ortiz, M Pacheco, N Selmi-Dei, DP Palatka, M Pallotta, J Palmieri, N Parente, G Parizot, E Parra, A Parrisius, J Parsons, RD Pastor, S Paul, T Pavlidou, V Payet, K Pech, M Pekala, J Pelayo, R Pepe, IM Perrone, L Pesce, R Petermann, E Petrera, S Petrinca, P Petrolini, A Petrov, Y Petrovic, J Pfendner, C Phan, N Piegaia, R Pierog, T Pieroni, P Pimenta, M Pirronello, V Platino, M Ponce, VH Pontz, M Privitera, P Prouza, M Quel, EJ Rautenberg, J Ravel, O Ravignani, D Revenu, B Ridky, J Riggi, S Risse, M Ristori, P Rivera, H Riviere, C Rizi, V Robledo, C Rodriguez, G Martino, JR Rojo, JR Rodriguez-Cabo, I Rodriguez-Frias, MD Ros, G Rosado, J Rossler, T Roth, M Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B Roulet, E Rovero, AC Salamida, F Salazar, H Salina, G Sanchez, F Santander, M Santo, CE Santos, E Santos, EM Sarazin, F Sarkar, S Sato, R Scharf, N Scherini, V Schieler, H Schiffer, P Schmidt, A Schmidt, F Schmidt, T Scholten, O Schoorlemmer, H Schovancova, J Schovanek, P Schroeder, F Schulte, S Schussler, F Schuster, D Sciutto, SJ Scuderi, M Segreto, A Semikoz, D Settimo, M Shadkam, A Shellard, RC Sidelnik, I Sigl, G Smialkowski, A Smida, R Snow, GR Sommers, P Sorokin, J Spinka, H Squartini, R Stapleton, J Stasielak, J Stephan, M Strazzeri, E Stutz, A Suarez, F Suomijavi, T Supanitsky, AD Susa, T Sutherland, MS Swain, J Szadkowski, Z Tamashiro, A Tapia, A Tarutina, T Tascau, O Tcaciuc, R Tcherniakhovski, D Tegolo, D Thao, NT Thomas, D Tiffenberg, J Timmermans, C Tiwari, DK Tkaczyk, W Peixoto, JT Tome, B Tonachini, A Travnicek, P Tridapalli, DB Tristram, G Trovato, E Tueros, M Ulrich, R Unger, M Urban, M Galicia, JFV Valino, I Valore, L van den Berg, AM Cardenas, BV Vazquez, JR Vazquez, RA Veberic, D Venters, T Verzi, V Videla, M Villasenor, L Wahlberg, H Wahrlich, P Wainberg, O Warner, D Watson, AA Weber, M Weidenhaupt, K Weindl, A Westerhoff, S Whelan, BJ Wieczorek, G Wiencke, L Wilczynska, B Wilczynski, H Will, M Williams, C Winchen, T Winders, L Winnick, MG Wommer, M Wundheiler, B Yamamoto, T Younk, P Yuan, G Yushkov, A Zamorano, B Zas, E Zavrtanik, D Zavrtanik, M Zaw, I Zepeda, A Ziolkowski, M AF Abreu, P. Aglietta, M. Ahn, E. J. Allard, D. Allekotte, I. Allen, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muniz, J. Ambrosio, M. Aminaei, A. Anchordoqui, L. Andringa, S. Anticic, T. Anzalone, A. Aramo, C. Arganda, E. Arisaka, K. Arqueros, F. Asorey, H. Assis, P. Aublin, J. Ave, M. Avenier, M. Avila, G. Baecker, T. Badagnani, D. Balzer, M. Barber, K. B. Barbosa, A. F. Bardenet, R. Barroso, S. L. C. Baughman, B. Beatty, J. J. Becker, B. R. Becker, K. H. Belletoile, A. Bellido, J. A. BenZvi, S. Berat, C. Bergmann, T. Bertou, X. Biermann, P. L. Billoir, P. Blanco, F. Blanco, M. Bleve, C. Bluemer, H. Bohacova, M. Boncioli, D. Bonifazi, C. Bonino, R. Borodai, N. Brack, J. Brogueira, P. Brown, W. C. Bruijn, R. Buchholz, P. Bueno, A. Burton, R. E. Busca, N. G. Caballero-Mora, K. S. Caramete, L. Caruso, R. Castellina, A. Catalano, O. Cataldi, G. Cazon, L. Cester, R. Chauvin, J. Chiavassa, A. Chinellato, J. A. Chou, A. Chudoba, J. Clay, R. W. Colombo, E. Coluccia, M. R. Conceicao, R. Contreras, F. Cook, H. Cooper, M. J. Coppens, J. Cordier, A. Cotti, U. Coutu, S. Covault, C. E. Creusot, A. Criss, A. Cronin, J. Curutiu, A. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Dallier, R. Dasso, S. Daumiller, K. Dawson, B. R. de Almeida, R. M. De Domenico, M. De Donato, C. de Jong, S. J. De La Vega, G. de Mello Junior, W. J. M. de Mello Neto, J. R. T. De Mitri, I. de Souza, V. de Vries, K. D. Decerprit, G. del Peral, L. Deligny, O. Della Selva, A. Dembinski, H. Denkiewicz, A. Di Giulio, C. Diaz, J. C. Diaz Castro, M. L. Diep, P. N. Dobrigkeit, C. D'Olivo, J. C. Dong, P. N. Dorofeev, A. dos Anjos, J. C. Dova, M. T. D'Urso, D. Dutan, I. Ebr, J. Engel, R. Erdmann, M. Escobar, C. O. Etchegoyen, A. San Luis, P. Facal Falcke, H. Farrar, G. Fauth, A. C. Fazzini, N. Ferguson, A. P. Ferrero, A. Fick, B. Filevich, A. Filipcic, A. Fleck, I. Fliescher, S. Fracchiolla, C. E. Fraenkel, E. D. Froehlich, U. Fuchs, B. Fulgione, W. Gamarra, R. F. Gambetta, S. Garcia, B. Garcia Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, D. Garrido, X. Gascon, A. Gelmini, G. Gemmeke, H. Gesterling, K. Ghia, P. L. Giaccari, U. Giller, M. Glass, H. Gold, M. S. Golup, G. Gomez Albarracin, F. Gomez Berisso, M. Goncalves, P. Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, J. G. Gookin, B. Gora, D. Gorgi, A. Gouffon, P. Gozzini, S. R. Grashorn, E. Grebe, S. Grigat, M. Grillo, A. F. Guardincerri, Y. Guarino, F. Guedes, G. P. Hague, J. D. Hansen, P. Harari, D. Harmsma, S. Harton, J. L. Haungs, A. Hebbeker, T. Heck, D. Herve, A. E. Hojvat, C. Holmes, V. C. Homola, P. Hoerandel, J. R. Horneffer, A. Hrabovsky, M. Huege, T. Insolia, A. Ionita, F. Italiano, A. Jiraskova, S. Kadija, K. Kaducak, M. Kampert, K. H. Karhan, P. Karova, T. Kasper, P. Kegl, B. Keilhauer, B. Keivani, A. Kelley, J. L. Kemp, E. Kieckhafer, R. M. Klages, H. O. Kleifges, M. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, J. Koang, D. -H. Kotera, K. Krohm, N. Kroemer, O. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuehn, F. Kuempel, D. Kulbartz, J. K. Kunka, N. La Rosa, G. Lachaud, C. Lautridou, P. Leao, M. S. A. B. Lebrun, D. Lebrun, P. Leigui de Oliveira, M. A. Lemiere, A. Letessier-Selvon, A. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Link, K. Lopez, R. Lopez Agueera, A. Louedec, K. Lozano Bahilo, J. Lucero, A. Ludwig, M. Lyberis, H. Maccarone, M. C. Macolino, C. Maldera, S. Mandat, D. Mantsch, P. Mariazzi, A. G. Marin, V. Maris, I. C. Marquez Falcon, H. R. Marsella, G. Martello, D. Martin, L. Martinez Bravo, O. Mathes, H. J. Matthews, J. Matthews, J. A. J. Matthiae, G. Maurizio, D. Mazur, P. O. Medina-Tanco, G. Melissas, M. Melo, D. Menichetti, E. Menshikov, A. Meurer, C. Micanovic, S. Micheletti, M. I. Miller, W. Miramonti, L. Mollerach, S. Monasor, M. Ragaigne, D. Monnier Montanet, F. Morales, B. Morello, C. Moreno, E. Moreno, J. C. Morris, C. Mostafa, M. Mueller, S. Muller, M. A. Mueller, G. Muenchmeyer, M. Mussa, R. Navarra, G. Navarro, J. L. Navas, S. Necesal, P. Nellen, L. Nhung, P. T. Nierstenhoefer, N. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Nozka, L. Nyklicek, M. Oehlschlaeger, J. Olinto, A. Oliva, P. Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M. Ortiz, M. Pacheco, N. Pakk Selmi-Dei, D. Palatka, M. Pallotta, J. Palmieri, N. Parente, G. Parizot, E. Parra, A. Parrisius, J. Parsons, R. D. Pastor, S. Paul, T. Pavlidou, V. Payet, K. Pech, M. Pekala, J. Pelayo, R. Pepe, I. M. Perrone, L. Pesce, R. Petermann, E. Petrera, S. Petrinca, P. Petrolini, A. Petrov, Y. Petrovic, J. Pfendner, C. Phan, N. Piegaia, R. Pierog, T. Pieroni, P. Pimenta, M. Pirronello, V. Platino, M. Ponce, V. H. Pontz, M. Privitera, P. Prouza, M. Quel, E. J. Rautenberg, J. Ravel, O. Ravignani, D. Revenu, B. Ridky, J. Riggi, S. Risse, M. Ristori, P. Rivera, H. Riviere, C. Rizi, V. Robledo, C. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rodriguez-Cabo, I. Rodriguez-Frias, M. D. Ros, G. Rosado, J. Rossler, T. Roth, M. Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B. Roulet, E. Rovero, A. C. Salamida, F. Salazar, H. Salina, G. Sanchez, F. Santander, M. Santo, C. E. Santos, E. Santos, E. M. Sarazin, F. Sarkar, S. Sato, R. Scharf, N. Scherini, V. Schieler, H. Schiffer, P. Schmidt, A. Schmidt, F. Schmidt, T. Scholten, O. Schoorlemmer, H. Schovancova, J. Schovanek, P. Schroeder, F. Schulte, S. Schuessler, F. Schuster, D. Sciutto, S. J. Scuderi, M. Segreto, A. Semikoz, D. Settimo, M. Shadkam, A. Shellard, R. C. Sidelnik, I. Sigl, G. Smialkowski, A. Smida, R. Snow, G. R. Sommers, P. Sorokin, J. Spinka, H. Squartini, R. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, J. Stephan, M. Strazzeri, E. Stutz, A. Suarez, F. Suomijaervi, T. Supanitsky, A. D. Susa, T. Sutherland, M. S. Swain, J. Szadkowski, Z. Tamashiro, A. Tapia, A. Tarutina, T. Tascau, O. Tcaciuc, R. Tcherniakhovski, D. Tegolo, D. Thao, N. T. Thomas, D. Tiffenberg, J. Timmermans, C. Tiwari, D. K. Tkaczyk, W. Todero Peixoto, C. J. Tome, B. Tonachini, A. Travnicek, P. Tridapalli, D. B. Tristram, G. Trovato, E. Tueros, M. Ulrich, R. Unger, M. Urban, M. Valdes Galicia, J. F. Valino, I. Valore, L. van den Berg, A. M. Vargas Cardenas, B. Vazquez, J. R. Vazquez, R. A. Veberic, D. Venters, T. Verzi, V. Videla, M. Villasenor, L. Wahlberg, H. Wahrlich, P. Wainberg, O. Warner, D. Watson, A. A. Weber, M. Weidenhaupt, K. Weindl, A. Westerhoff, S. Whelan, B. J. Wieczorek, G. Wiencke, L. Wilczynska, B. Wilczynski, H. Will, M. Williams, C. Winchen, T. Winders, L. Winnick, M. G. Wommer, M. Wundheiler, B. Yamamoto, T. Younk, P. Yuan, G. Yushkov, A. Zamorano, B. Zas, E. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zaw, I. Zepeda, A. Ziolkowski, M. CA Pierre Auger Collaboration TI The Pierre Auger Observatory scaler mode for the study of solar activity modulation of galactic cosmic rays SO JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article DE Cherenkov detectors; Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle detectors ID CHERENKOV DETECTOR; WATER; BURSTS AB Since data-taking began in January 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has been recording the count rates of low energy secondary cosmic ray particles for the self-calibration of the ground detectors of its surface detector array. After correcting for atmospheric effects, modulations of galactic cosmic rays due to solar activity and transient events are observed. Temporal variations related with the activity of the heliosphere can be determined with high accuracy due to the high total count rates. In this study, the available data are presented together with an analysis focused on the observation of Forbush decreases, where a strong correlation with neutron monitor data is found. C1 [Abreu, P.; Andringa, S.; Assis, P.; Brogueira, P.; Cazon, L.; Conceicao, R.; Goncalves, P.; Pimenta, M.; Santo, C. E.; Santos, E.; Tome, B.] LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. [Abreu, P.; Andringa, S.; Assis, P.; Brogueira, P.; Cazon, L.; Conceicao, R.; Goncalves, P.; Pimenta, M.; Santo, C. E.; Santos, E.; Tome, B.] Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. [Allekotte, I.; Asorey, H.; Bertou, X.; Golup, G.; Gomez Berisso, M.; Harari, D.; Mollerach, S.; Ponce, V. H.; Roulet, E.] CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, Ctr Atom Bariloche, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Allekotte, I.; Asorey, H.; Bertou, X.; Golup, G.; Gomez Berisso, M.; Harari, D.; Mollerach, S.; Ponce, V. H.; Roulet, E.] CNEA UNCuyo CONICET, Inst Balseiro, San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Colombo, E.; Denkiewicz, A.; Etchegoyen, A.; Ferrero, A.; Filevich, A.; Gamarra, R. F.; Lucero, A.; Micheletti, M. I.; Petermann, E.; Platino, M.; Ravignani, D.; Sanchez, F.; Sidelnik, I.; Snow, G. R.; Suarez, F.; Tapia, A.; Wainberg, O.; Wundheiler, B.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom CONICET UTN FRBA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Dasso, S.; Guardincerri, Y.; Pallotta, J.; Piegaia, R.; Pieroni, P.; Quel, E. J.; Tiffenberg, J.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Dasso, S.; Guardincerri, Y.; Piegaia, R.; Pieroni, P.; Tiffenberg, J.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEyN, Dept Fis, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Badagnani, D.; Dova, M. T.; Gomez Albarracin, F.; Hansen, P.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Moreno, J. C.; Sciutto, S. J.; Tarutina, T.; Tueros, M.; Wahlberg, H.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, La Plata, Argentina. [Badagnani, D.; Dova, M. T.; Gomez Albarracin, F.; Hansen, P.; Mariazzi, A. G.; Moreno, J. C.; Sciutto, S. J.; Tarutina, T.; Tueros, M.; Wahlberg, H.] Univ Nacl La Plata, IFLP, La Plata, Argentina. [Dasso, S.; Rovero, A. C.; Tamashiro, A.] CONICET UBA, Inst Astronom & Fis Espacio, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Avila, G.; Contreras, F.; Rodriguez Martino, J.; Rodriguez Rojo, J.; Santander, M.; Sato, R.; Squartini, R.] Pierre Auger So Observ, Malargue, Argentina. [Avila, G.] Comis Nacl Energia Atom, Malargue, Argentina. [Barber, K. B.; Bellido, J. A.; Clay, R. W.; Cooper, M. J.; Dawson, B. R.; Herve, A. E.; Holmes, V. C.; Sorokin, J.; Wahrlich, P.; Whelan, B. J.; Winnick, M. G.] Univ Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Barbosa, A. F.; dos Anjos, J. C.; Fuchs, B.; Shellard, R. C.] Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Aminaei, A.; Diaz Castro, M. L.; Shellard, R. C.] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [de Souza, V.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Gouffon, P.; Tridapalli, D. B.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-01498 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Chinellato, J. A.; de Almeida, R. M.; de Mello Junior, W. J. M.; Dobrigkeit, C.; Escobar, C. O.; Fauth, A. C.; Kemp, E.; Muller, M. A.; Pakk Selmi-Dei, D.] Univ Estadual Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Guedes, G. P.] Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, Brazil. [Barroso, S. L. C.] Univ Estadual Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria Da Conquista, BA, Brazil. [Pepe, I. M.] Univ Fed Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Leao, M. S. A. B.; Leigui de Oliveira, M. A.; Todero Peixoto, C. J.] Univ Fed ABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. [Bonifazi, C.; de Almeida, R. M.; de Mello Neto, J. R. T.; Santos, E. M.] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Anticic, T.; Kadija, K.; Micanovic, S.; Susa, T.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Karhan, P.; Nosek, D.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Inst Particle & Nucl Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Bohacova, M.; Chudoba, J.; Ebr, J.; Hrabovsky, M.; Karova, T.; Mandat, D.; Necesal, P.; Nozka, L.; Nyklicek, M.; Palatka, M.; Pech, M.; Prouza, M.; Ridky, J.; Schovancova, J.; Schovanek, P.; Smida, R.; Travnicek, P.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Prague, Czech Republic. [Hrabovsky, M.; Rossler, T.] Palacky Univ, CR-77147 Olomouc, Czech Republic. [Deligny, O.; Dong, P. N.; Ghia, P. L.; Lemiere, A.; Lhenry-Yvon, I.; Lyberis, H.; Suomijaervi, T.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, IPNO, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Allard, D.; Busca, N. G.; Decerprit, G.; Lachaud, C.; Parizot, E.; Semikoz, D.; Tristram, G.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab AstroParticule & Cosmol, Paris, France. [Bardenet, R.; Cordier, A.; Dagoret-Campagne, S.; Kegl, B.; Louedec, K.; Ragaigne, D. Monnier; Urban, M.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Aublin, J.; Billoir, P.; Bonifazi, C.; Letessier-Selvon, A.; Macolino, C.; Maris, I. C.; Muenchmeyer, M.] Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Avenier, M.; Belletoile, A.; Berat, C.; Chauvin, J.; Cordier, A.; Koang, D. -H.; Lebrun, D.; Montanet, F.; Payet, K.; Riviere, C.; Stutz, A.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, IN2P3, INPG,LPSC, Grenoble, France. [Dallier, R.; Lautridou, P.; Marin, V.; Martin, L.; Ravel, O.; Revenu, B.] CNRS, SUBATECH, IN2P3, Nantes, France. [Becker, K. H.; Bleve, C.; Kampert, K. H.; Krohm, N.; Kruppke-Hansen, D.; Kuempel, D.; Nierstenhoefer, N.; Oliva, P.; Rautenberg, J.; Szadkowski, Z.; Tascau, O.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany. [Ave, M.; Bluemer, H.; Daumiller, K.; Dembinski, H.; Engel, R.; Garrido, X.; Haungs, A.; Heck, D.; Huege, T.; Keilhauer, B.; Klages, H. O.; Kleinfeller, J.; Mathes, H. J.; Mueller, S.; Oehlschlaeger, J.; Pierog, T.; Roth, M.; Salamida, F.; Schieler, H.; Schroeder, F.; Schuessler, F.; Smida, R.; Ulrich, R.; Unger, M.; Valino, I.; Weindl, A.; Will, M.; Wommer, M.] Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Kernphys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Balzer, M.; Bergmann, T.; Gemmeke, H.; Kleifges, M.; Kroemer, O.; Kunka, N.; Menshikov, A.; Schmidt, A.; Tcherniakhovski, D.; Weber, M.] Inst Prozessdatenverarbeitung & Elekt, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Bluemer, H.; Caballero-Mora, K. S.; Gonzalez, D.; Gonzalez, J. G.; Gora, D.; Link, K.; Ludwig, M.; Melissas, M.; Palmieri, N.; Parrisius, J.; Schmidt, T.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Biermann, P. L.; Caramete, L.; Curutiu, A.; Dutan, I.] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Erdmann, M.; Fliescher, S.; Grigat, M.; Hebbeker, T.; Meurer, C.; Mueller, G.; Scharf, N.; Schiffer, P.; Schulte, S.; Stephan, M.; Weidenhaupt, K.; Winchen, T.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Phys Inst 3 A, Aachen, Germany. [Kulbartz, J. K.; Sigl, G.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Baecker, T.; Buchholz, P.; Fleck, I.; Froehlich, U.; Pontz, M.; Risse, M.; Tcaciuc, R.; Ziolkowski, M.] Univ Siegen, Siegen, Germany. [Gambetta, S.; Pesce, R.; Petrolini, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. [Gambetta, S.; Pesce, R.; Petrolini, A.] Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, Genoa, Italy. [Petrera, S.; Rizi, V.; Salamida, F.] INFN, Laquila, Italy. [Petrera, S.; Rizi, V.; Salamida, F.] Univ Aquila, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [De Donato, C.; Miramonti, L.; Rivera, H.; Scherini, V.] Univ Milan, Milan, Italy. [De Donato, C.; Miramonti, L.; Rivera, H.; Scherini, V.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Milan, Italy. [Bleve, C.; Cataldi, G.; Coluccia, M. 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[Caruso, R.; De Domenico, M.; Insolia, A.; Italiano, A.; Pirronello, V.; Riggi, S.; Rodriguez Martino, J.; Scuderi, M.; Tegolo, D.; Trovato, E.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Catania, Italy. [Aglietta, M.; Bonino, R.; Castellina, A.; Cester, R.; Chiavassa, A.; Fulgione, W.; Ghia, P. L.; Gorgi, A.; Lucero, A.; Maldera, S.; Maurizio, D.; Melo, D.; Menichetti, E.; Morello, C.; Mussa, R.; Navarra, G.; Tonachini, A.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. [Marsella, G.; Perrone, L.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lecce, Italy. [Marsella, G.; Perrone, L.] Univ Salento, Dipartimento Ingn Innovaz, Lecce, Italy. [Anzalone, A.; Catalano, O.; La Rosa, G.; Maccarone, M. C.; Segreto, A.; Strazzeri, E.] Ist Astrofis Spaziale Fis Cosm Palermo INAF, Palermo, Italy. [Aglietta, M.; Bonino, R.; Castellina, A.; Chiavassa, A.; Fulgione, W.; Ghia, P. L.; Gorgi, A.; Lucero, A.; Maldera, S.; Morello, C.; Navarra, G.] Sezione Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. [Aglietta, M.; Bonino, R.; Castellina, A.; Chiavassa, A.; Fulgione, W.; Ghia, P. L.; Gorgi, A.; Lucero, A.; Maldera, S.; Morello, C.; Navarra, G.] Univ Turin, INAF, Turin, Italy. [Grillo, A. F.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Gran Sasso, Laquila, Italy. Univ Palermo, Catania, Italy. [Lopez, R.; Martinez Bravo, O.; Moreno, E.; Robledo, C.; Salazar, H.] Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla, Mexico. [Zepeda, A.] Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados IPN CNVESTAV, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Cotti, U.; Marquez Falcon, H. R.; Tiwari, D. K.; Villasenor, L.] Univ Michoacana, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico. [Alvarez Castillo, J.; De Donato, C.; D'Olivo, J. C.; Medina-Tanco, G.; Morales, B.; Nellen, L.; Supanitsky, A. D.; Valdes Galicia, J. F.; Vargas Cardenas, B.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Aminaei, A.; Coppens, J.; de Jong, S. J.; Falcke, H.; Grebe, S.; Hoerandel, J. R.; Horneffer, A.; Jiraskova, S.; Kelley, J. 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D.; Ros, G.] Univ Alcala De Henares, Alcala De Henares, Madrid, Spain. [Bueno, A.; Garcia Gamez, D.; Gascon, A.; Lozano Bahilo, J.; Navarro, J. L.; Navas, S.; Zamorano, B.] Univ Granada, Granada, Spain. [Bueno, A.; Garcia Gamez, D.; Gascon, A.; Lozano Bahilo, J.; Navarro, J. L.; Navas, S.; Zamorano, B.] CAFPE, Granada, Spain. [Alvarez-Muniz, J.; Lopez Agueera, A.; Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M.; Parente, G.; Parra, A.; Pelayo, R.; Rodriguez, G.; Rodriguez-Cabo, I.; Valino, I.; Vazquez, R. A.; Zas, E.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Sarkar, S.] Univ Oxford, Rudolf Peierls Ctr Theoret Phys, Oxford, England. [Bruijn, R.; Cook, H.; Gozzini, S. R.; Knapp, J.; Parsons, R. D.; Watson, A. A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Spinka, H.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Burton, R. E.; Covault, C. E.; Ferguson, A. P.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Sarazin, F.; Schuster, D.; Wiencke, L.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Brack, J.; Dorofeev, A.; Fracchiolla, C. E.; Gookin, B.; Harton, J. L.; Mostafa, M.; Petrov, Y.; Thomas, D.; Warner, D.; Younk, P.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brown, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Pueblo, CO USA. [Ahn, E. J.; Chou, A.; Fazzini, N.; Glass, H.; Hojvat, C.; Kaducak, M.; Kasper, P.; Kuehn, F.; Lebrun, P.; Mantsch, P.; Mazur, P. O.; Spinka, H.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. [Keivani, A.; Matthews, J.; Shadkam, A.; Yuan, G.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Diaz, J. C.; Fick, B.; Kieckhafer, R. M.; Nitz, D.] Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Allen, J.; Chou, A.; Farrar, G.; Zaw, I.] NYU, New York, NY USA. [Paul, T.; Swain, J.] Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Baughman, B.; Beatty, J. J.; Grashorn, E.; Morris, C.; Stapleton, J.; Sutherland, M. S.] Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Coutu, S.; Criss, A.; Sommers, P.; Ulrich, R.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Matthews, J.] Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA USA. [Arisaka, K.; Gelmini, G.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Ave, M.; Bohacova, M.; Cronin, J.; San Luis, P. Facal; Ionita, F.; Kotera, K.; Monasor, M.; Olinto, A.; Pavlidou, V.; Privitera, P.; Rouille-d'Orfeuil, B.; Schmidt, F.; Venters, T.; Williams, C.; Yamamoto, T.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Petermann, E.; Snow, G. R.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. [Becker, B. R.; Gesterling, K.; Gold, M. S.; Hague, J. D.; Matthews, J. A. J.; Miller, W.; Phan, N.] Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [BenZvi, S.; Pfendner, C.; Westerhoff, S.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Anchordoqui, L.; Winders, L.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Diep, P. N.; Dong, P. N.; Nhung, P. T.; Thao, N. T.] Inst Nucl Sci & Technol, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Yamamoto, T.] Konan Univ, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Pavlidou, V.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Abreu, P (reprint author), LIP, P-1000 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Oliva, Pietro/K-5915-2015; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; De Mitri, Ivan/C-1728-2017; Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo/C-1432-2014; Nosek, Dalibor/F-1129-2017; Navas, Sergio/N-4649-2014; Assis, Pedro/D-9062-2013; Arqueros, Fernando/K-9460-2014; Blanco, Francisco/F-1131-2015; Conceicao, Ruben/L-2971-2014; Bueno, Antonio/F-3875-2015; Beatty, James/D-9310-2011; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016; Guarino, Fausto/I-3166-2012; Bonino, Raffaella/S-2367-2016; Rodriguez Frias, Maria /A-7608-2015; Vazquez, Jose Ramon/K-2272-2015; Martello, Daniele/J-3131-2012; Insolia, Antonio/M-3447-2015; de Mello Neto, Joao/C-5822-2013; Lozano-Bahilo, Julio/F-4881-2016; scuderi, mario/O-7019-2014; zas, enrique/I-5556-2015; Sarkar, Subir/G-5978-2011; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/K-5313-2016; Gouffon, Philippe/I-4549-2012; de Almeida, Rogerio/L-4584-2016; De Domenico, Manlio/B-5826-2014; Tome, Bernardo/J-4410-2013; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/L-2341-2014; Pimenta, Mario/M-1741-2013; Ros, German/L-4764-2014; Di Giulio, Claudio/B-3319-2015; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/C-2944-2011; Parente, Gonzalo/G-8264-2015; dos Santos, Eva/N-6351-2013; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/H-1857-2015; Rosado, Jaime/K-9109-2014; Valino, Ines/J-8324-2012; De Donato, Cinzia/J-9132-2015; Prouza, Michael/F-8514-2014; Mandat, Dusan/G-5580-2014; Bohacova, Martina/G-5898-2014; Cazon, Lorenzo/G-6921-2014; Schovanek, Petr/G-7117-2014; Travnicek, Petr/G-8814-2014; Smida, Radomir/G-6314-2014; Ridky, Jan/H-6184-2014; Chudoba, Jiri/G-7737-2014; Pech, Miroslav/G-5760-2014; Garcia Pinto, Diego/J-6724-2014; Pastor, Sergio/J-6902-2014; D'Urso, Domenico/I-5325-2012; Bleve, Carla/J-2521-2012; Brogueira, Pedro/K-3868-2012; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/I-7972-2012; Yushkov, Alexey/A-6958-2013; Falcke, Heino/H-5262-2012; Ebr, Jan/H-8319-2012; Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Schussler, Fabian/G-5313-2013; Nierstenhofer, Nils/H-3699-2013; Pakk Selmi-Dei, Daniel/H-2675-2013; Goncalves, Patricia /D-8229-2013; Muller, Marcio Aparecido/H-9112-2012; fulgione, walter/I-5232-2012; Aramo, Carla/D-4317-2011; Pesce, Roberto/G-5791-2011; Chiavassa, Andrea/A-7597-2012; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /F-2540-2011; Venters, Tonia/D-2936-2012; Fauth, Anderson/F-9570-2012; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/G-3873-2012; de souza, Vitor/D-1381-2012; Shellard, Ronald/G-4825-2012; Petrolini, Alessandro/H-3782-2011 OI Dembinski, Hans/0000-0003-3337-3850; Del Peral, Luis/0000-0003-2580-5668; Coutu, Stephane/0000-0003-2923-2246; Ulrich, Ralf/0000-0002-2535-402X; Garcia, Beatriz/0000-0003-0919-2734; Tiwari, Dhirendra Kumar/0000-0002-6754-3398; Zamorano, Bruno/0000-0002-4286-2835; Catalano, Osvaldo/0000-0002-9554-4128; Navarro Quirante, Jose Luis/0000-0002-9915-1735; Mantsch, Paul/0000-0002-8382-7745; Oliva, Pietro/0000-0002-3572-3255; De Mitri, Ivan/0000-0002-8665-1730; Rodriguez Fernandez, Gonzalo/0000-0002-4683-230X; Nosek, Dalibor/0000-0001-6219-200X; de Jong, Sijbrand/0000-0002-3120-3367; Sigl, Guenter/0000-0002-4396-645X; Cataldi, Gabriella/0000-0001-8066-7718; Maccarone, Maria Concetta/0000-0001-8722-0361; Anzalone, Anna/0000-0003-1849-198X; Segreto, Alberto/0000-0001-7341-6603; La Rosa, Giovanni/0000-0002-3931-2269; Navas, Sergio/0000-0003-1688-5758; Assis, Pedro/0000-0001-7765-3606; Arqueros, Fernando/0000-0002-4930-9282; Blanco, Francisco/0000-0003-4332-434X; Conceicao, Ruben/0000-0003-4945-5340; Bueno, Antonio/0000-0002-7439-4247; Beatty, James/0000-0003-0481-4952; Guarino, Fausto/0000-0003-1427-9885; Rodriguez Frias, Maria /0000-0002-2550-4462; Vazquez, Jose Ramon/0000-0001-9217-5219; Martello, Daniele/0000-0003-2046-3910; Insolia, Antonio/0000-0002-9040-1566; de Mello Neto, Joao/0000-0002-3234-6634; Lozano-Bahilo, Julio/0000-0003-0613-140X; scuderi, mario/0000-0001-9026-5317; zas, enrique/0000-0002-4430-8117; Sarkar, Subir/0000-0002-3542-858X; Moura Santos, Edivaldo/0000-0002-2818-8813; Gouffon, Philippe/0000-0001-7511-4115; de Almeida, Rogerio/0000-0003-3104-2724; De Domenico, Manlio/0000-0001-5158-8594; Tome, Bernardo/0000-0002-7564-8392; Espirito Santo, Maria Catarina/0000-0003-1286-7288; Pimenta, Mario/0000-0002-2590-0908; Ros, German/0000-0001-6623-1483; Di Giulio, Claudio/0000-0002-0597-4547; Pavlidou, Vasiliki/0000-0002-0870-1368; Parente, Gonzalo/0000-0003-2847-0461; dos Santos, Eva/0000-0002-0474-8863; Alvarez-Muniz, Jaime/0000-0002-2367-0803; Rosado, Jaime/0000-0001-8208-9480; Valino, Ines/0000-0001-7823-0154; De Donato, Cinzia/0000-0002-9725-1281; Prouza, Michael/0000-0002-3238-9597; Cazon, Lorenzo/0000-0001-6748-8395; Ridky, Jan/0000-0001-6697-1393; Garcia Pinto, Diego/0000-0003-1348-6735; D'Urso, Domenico/0000-0002-8215-4542; Brogueira, Pedro/0000-0001-6069-4073; Chinellato, Jose Augusto/0000-0002-3240-6270; Falcke, Heino/0000-0002-2526-6724; Ebr, Jan/0000-0001-8807-6162; Schussler, Fabian/0000-0003-1500-6571; Goncalves, Patricia /0000-0003-2042-3759; Chinellato, Carola Dobrigkeit /0000-0002-1236-0789; Fauth, Anderson/0000-0001-7239-0288; Todero Peixoto, Carlos Jose/0000-0003-3669-8212; Shellard, Ronald/0000-0002-2983-1815; Petrolini, Alessandro/0000-0003-0222-7594 FU Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica; Fundacion Antorchas; Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza; Municipalidad de Malargue; NDM Holdings; Valle Las Lenas; Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq); Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ); Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR, Czech Republic [AV0Z10100502, AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801, KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, MSM0021620859]; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire [PNC-IN2P3/CNRS]; Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF); Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung; Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministerium fur Wissenschaft; Forschung und Kunst; Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs; Cultuur en Wetenschap; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO); Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM); Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland [1 P03 D 014 30, N N202 207238]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid; Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha; FEDER; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion; Consolider-Ingenio; Generalitat Valenciana; Junta de Andalucia; Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300]; National Science Foundation [0450696]; Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN; European Union [MEIF-CT-2005-025057, PIEF-GA-2008-220240]; UNESCO FX We are very grateful to the following agencies and organizations for financial support: Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Fundacion Antorchas, Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza, Municipalidad de Malargue, NDM Holdings and Valle Las Lenas, in gratitude for their continuing cooperation over land access, Argentina; the Australian Research Council; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil; AVCR AV0Z10100502 and AV0Z10100522, GAAV KJB300100801 and KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, and MSM0021620859, Czech Republic; Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Regional Ile-de-France, Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS), Departement Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF), Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Ministerium fur Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico; Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Grant Nos. 1 P03 D 014 30 and N N202 207238, Poland; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia; Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (CPAN), Generalitat Valenciana, Junta de Andalucia, Xunta de Galicia, Spain; Science and Technology Facilities Council, United Kingdom; Department of Energy, Contract Nos. DE-AC02-07CH11359, DE-FR02-04ER41300, National Science Foundation, Grant No. 0450696, The Grainger Foundation USA; ALFA-EC / HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program, Grant No. MEIF-CT-2005-025057, European Union 7th Framework Program, Grant No. PIEF-GA-2008-220240, and UNESCO. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-0221 J9 J INSTRUM JI J. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 6 AR P01003 DI 10.1088/1748-0221/6/01/P01003 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 773XS UT WOS:000291345600003 ER PT J AU Zhou, Y Evans, GH Chowdhury, M Wang, KC Fries, R AF Zhou, Yan Evans, Glenn Hamilton, Jr. Chowdhury, Mashrur Wang, Kuang-Ching Fries, Ryan TI Wireless Communication Alternatives for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Case Study SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Wireless Communication; On-Line Traffic Management; WiFi; WiMAX AB Communication systems are the basis of every effective and reliable traffic control and management application. While cellular-based communication through commercial carriers is widely used for online traffic management applications, public agencies have also begun to consider other technologies, such as WiFi and WiMAX. Most such agencies still seek additional guidelines for the selection of suitable wireless options for different traffic control and management applications under different physical and environmental conditions. Performance and reliability are among the most important parameters to be considered when examining wireless communication options for traffic control and management applications. The authors first conducted interviews with selected traffic agencies regarding their experiences with performance of wireless communication infrastructure, as well as their interests and plans on future expansion. Next, they conducted a thorough literature review focusing on various wireless technologies that could be used in an intelligent transportation system environment. Last, the authors conducted a case study in which a section of the South Carolina Department of Transportation traffic camera system was wirelessly connected via either WiFi or WiMAX network architecture. This case study followed the proposed network design process presented in the article using WiFi and WiMAX technologies to support a traffic surveillance system that considered coverage range and two different network topologies: mesh/ad hoc (devices forward data to neighboring devices to reach the destination) and infrastructure (devices send data to an access point directly). The network simulator ns-2 was used to assess the average throughput that each camera can receive in different network topologies. Throughput/cost analysis of WiFi and WiMAX mesh and infrastructure topologies indicated that for given number of devices, a mesh network has better throughput for every dollar spent than infrastructure based topology. This article provides a foundation for further investigation of WiFi and WiMAX performance and reliability under different network topologies. Findings from this research will benefit transportation agencies and other stakeholders in evaluating and selecting wireless communication options and network topologies for various traffic control and management applications. C1 [Chowdhury, Mashrur] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Zhou, Yan] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Lemont, IL USA. [Evans, Glenn Hamilton, Jr.; Wang, Kuang-Ching] Clemson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Fries, Ryan] So Illinois Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Chowdhury, M (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 216 Lowry Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mac@clemson.edu NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1547-2450 J9 J INTELL TRANSPORT S JI J. Intell. Transport. Syst. PY 2011 VL 15 IS 3 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1080/15472450.2011.594681 PG 14 WC Transportation Science & Technology SC Transportation GA 883ED UT WOS:000299615900003 ER PT J AU Zhang, L Song, J Cavigiolio, G Ishida, BY Zhang, SL Kane, JP Weisgraber, KH Oda, MN Rye, KA Pownall, HJ Ren, G AF Zhang, Lei Song, James Cavigiolio, Giorgio Ishida, Brian Y. Zhang, Shengli Kane, John P. Weisgraber, Karl H. Oda, Michael N. Rye, Kerry-Anne Pownall, Henry J. Ren, Gang TI Morphology and structure of lipoproteins revealed by an optimized negative-staining protocol of electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipoprotein structure; lipoprotein morphology; protocol ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; SINGLE-PARTICLE RECONSTRUCTIONS; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; LIMPET HEMOCYANIN KLH; C-TERMINAL DOMAIN; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; CRYOELECTRON MICROSCOPY AB Plasma lipoprotein levels are predictors of risk for coronary artery disease. Lipoprotein structure-function relationships provide important clues that help identify the role of lipoproteins in cardiovascular disease. The compositional and conformational heterogeneity of lipoproteins are major barriers to the identification of their structures, as discovered using traditional approaches. Although electron microscopy (EM) is an alternative approach, conventional negative staining (NS) produces rouleau artifacts. In a previous study of apolipoprotein (apo)E4-containing reconstituted HDL (rHDL) particles, we optimized the NS method in a way that eliminated rouleaux. Here we report that phosphotungstic acid at high buffer salt concentrations plays a key role in rouleau formation. We also validate our protocol for analyzing the major plasma lipoprotein classes HDL, LDL, IDL, and VLDL, as well as homogeneously prepared apoA-I-containing rHDL. High-contrast EM images revealed morphology and detailed structures of lipoproteins, especially apoA-I-containing rHDL, that are amenable to three-dimensional reconstruction by single-particle analysis and electron tomography.-Zhang, L., J. Song, G. Cavigiolio, B. Y. Ishida, S. Zhang, J. P. Kane, K. H. Weisgraber, M. N. Oda, K-A. Rye, H. J. Pownall, and G. Ren. The morphology and structure of lipoproteins revealed by an optimized negativestaining protocol of electron microscopy. J. Lipid Res. 2011. 52: 175-184. C1 [Zhang, Lei; Ren, Gang] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zhang, Lei; Song, James; Ren, Gang] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Biochem & Biophys, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Cavigiolio, Giorgio; Oda, Michael N.] Childrens Hosp Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. [Ishida, Brian Y.; Kane, John P.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Zhang, Shengli; Ren, Gang] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Xian 710049, Peoples R China. [Weisgraber, Karl H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Neurol Dis, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Weisgraber, Karl H.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA. [Rye, Kerry-Anne] Heart Res Inst, Lipid Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia. [Rye, Kerry-Anne] Univ Sydney, Fac Med, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia. [Rye, Kerry-Anne] Univ Melbourne, Dept Med, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Pownall, Henry J.] Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ren, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gren@lbl.gov RI Zhang, Lei/G-6427-2012; Zhang, Shengli/G-5219-2010 OI Zhang, Lei/0000-0002-4880-824X; FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; W.M. Keck foundations; State Scholarship of China through China Scholarship Council [2008628018] FX This work was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231) and the W.M. Keck foundations to G.R. L.Z. was supported in part by the State Scholarship of China through China Scholarship Council (file no. 2008628018). NR 81 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 52 IS 1 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1194/jlr.D010959 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 692WA UT WOS:000285185400019 PM 20978167 ER PT J AU Woo, BK Joly, AG Chen, W AF Woo, Boon Kuan Joly, Alan G. Chen, Wei TI Observation of green emission from Ce3+-doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE Gd2O3 Ce; Nanoparticles; Green emission; Luminescence; Defects ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES; LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES; DOPED NANOCRYSTALS; CANCER-TREATMENT; QUANTUM DOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; CRYSTALS; EU3+ AB Green emission at around 500 nm is observed in Gd2O3 Ce3+ nanoparticles and the intensity is highly dependent on the concentration of Ce3+ in the nanoparticles The luminescence of this emission displays both picosecond (ps) and millisecond (ms) lifetimes The ms lifetime is over four orders of magnitude longer than typical luminescence lifetimes (10-40 ns) of Ce3+ in traditional Ce3+ doped phosphors and therefore likely originates from defect states The picosecond lifetime is shorter than the typical Ce3+ value and is also likely due to defect or surface states When the samples are annealed at 700 degrees C this emission disappears possibly due to changes in the defect moieties or concentration In addition a blue emission at around 430 nm is observed in freshly prepared Gd2O3 undoped nanoparticles which is attributed to the stabilizer polyethylene glycol biscarboxymethyl ether On aging the undoped particles show similar emission to the doped particles with similar luminescence lifetimes When Eu3+ ions are co-doped in Gd2O3 Ce nanoparticles, both the green emission and the emission at 612 nm from Eu3+ are observed (c) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved C1 [Woo, Boon Kuan; Chen, Wei] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Joly, Alan G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chen, W (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, POB 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. FU UTA; NSF [2008-DN-077-ARI016-03]; DHS [2008-DN-077-ARI016-03]; US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAM-RAA) [W81XWH-10-1-0279, W81XWH-10-1-0234, DOD DTRA08-005-II]; Department of Energy s Office of Biological and Environmental Research; US Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX We would like to thank the support by the Startup funds from UTA, the NSF and DHS Joint program (2008-DN-077-ARI016-03), and the US Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity (USAM-RAA) under Contracts for W81XWH-10-1-0279 and W81XWH-10-1-0234, and DOD DTRA08-005-II Part of the research described was performed at the W R Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy s Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) PNNL is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 131 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2010.08.028 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 690AN UT WOS:000284972500010 ER PT J AU Steinwart, I Hush, D Scovel, C AF Steinwart, Ingo Hush, Don Scovel, Clint TI Training SVMs Without Offset SO JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE support vector machines; decomposition algorithms ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; TIME DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHMS; WORKING SET SELECTION; SMO ALGORITHM; CONVERGENCE AB We develop, analyze, and test a training algorithm for support vector machine classifiers without offset. Key features of this algorithm are a new, statistically motivated stopping criterion, new warm start options, and a set of inexpensive working set selection strategies that significantly reduce the number of iterations. For these working set strategies, we establish convergence rates that, not surprisingly, coincide with the best known rates for SVMs with offset. We further conduct various experiments that investigate both the run time behavior and the performed iterations of the new training algorithm. It turns out, that the new algorithm needs significantly less iterations and also runs substantially faster than standard training algorithms for SVMs with offset. C1 [Steinwart, Ingo] Univ Stuttgart, Inst Stochast & Anwendungen, Fak Math & Phys, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Hush, Don; Scovel, Clint] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Steinwart, I (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Stochast & Anwendungen, Fak Math & Phys, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM INGO.STEINWART@MATHEMATIK.UNI-STUTTGART.DE; DHUSH@LANL.GOV; JCS@LANL.GOV OI Steinwart, Ingo/0000-0002-4436-7109 NR 28 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU MICROTOME PUBL PI BROOKLINE PA 31 GIBBS ST, BROOKLINE, MA 02446 USA SN 1532-4435 J9 J MACH LEARN RES JI J. Mach. Learn. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 12 BP 141 EP 202 PG 62 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science GA 729HE UT WOS:000287938500006 ER PT J AU Yang, CX Manocchi, AK Lee, B Yi, HM AF Yang, Cuixian Manocchi, Amy K. Lee, Byeongdu Yi, Hyunmin TI Viral-templated palladium nanocatalysts for Suzuki coupling reaction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO-MOSAIC-VIRUS; IN-SITU GISAXS; ARYL CHLORIDES; HOMOCOUPLING REACTION; THERMAL-STABILITY; PLATINUM CLUSTERS; ARYLBORONIC ACIDS; WATER; NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSTS AB We demonstrate and thoroughly examine tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-templated palladium (Pd) nanocatalysts for the ligand-free Suzuki coupling reaction under mild conditions. The surface-assembled TMV templates allow for facile catalyst synthesis under mild aqueous conditions that leads to high Pd surface loading and stability. Further, the chip-based format enables simple catalyst separation and reuse as well as facile product recovery. Reaction condition studies demonstrated that the solvent ratio played an important role in the selectivity of the Suzuki reaction, and that a higher water/acetonitrile ratio significantly facilitated the cross-coupling pathway. We envision that our viral template-based bottom-up assembly approach can be readily extended to other biotemplates, metal catalysts and organic reaction systems. C1 [Yang, Cuixian; Manocchi, Amy K.; Yi, Hyunmin] Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Lee, Byeongdu] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yi, HM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM hyunmin.yi@tufts.edu RI Yi, Hyunmin/B-9852-2008; OI Lee, Byeongdu/0000-0003-2514-8805 FU Stanley Charm Fellowship; Wittich Family Fund for Sustainable Energy; National Science Foundation [CBET-0941538, DMR-1006613]; US Department of Energy, BES-Chemical Sciences and BES-Scientific User Facilities [DE-AC-02-06CH11357]; UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Stanley Charm Fellowship (C.Y.). Partial funding for this work was also provided by the Wittich Family Fund for Sustainable Energy and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CBET-0941538 and DMR-1006613. GISAXS work at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, BES-Chemical Sciences and BES-Scientific User Facilities under Contract DE-AC-02-06CH11357 with UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory. We thank Jessica Englehart and Yonggang Wang from Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Tufts University for the help in ICP examination. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 1 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1039/c0jm03145c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 691GC UT WOS:000285067300023 ER PT J AU Han, TYJ Worsley, MA Baumann, TF Satcher, JH AF Han, T. Yong-Jin Worsley, Marcus A. Baumann, Theodore F. Satcher, Joe H., Jr. TI Synthesis of ZnO coated activated carbon aerogel by simple sol-gel route SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE; METHANOL FUEL-CELL; ZINC-OXIDE; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; MESOPOROUS ZNO; PORE SIZES; FILMS; CATALYSIS; ELECTRODES; FRAMEWORK AB We demonstrated the synthesis of high surface area ZnO-ACA composites with well-crystallized ZnO nanoparticles by simple sol-gel process. The coverage of ZnO nanoparticles on the carbon framework of ACA is very uniform, with no exposed carbon framework. Thermal removal of carbon produces ZnO replica structure mimicking the original ACA framework. C1 [Han, T. Yong-Jin; Worsley, Marcus A.; Baumann, Theodore F.; Satcher, Joe H., Jr.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Han, TYJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave L-235, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM han5@llnl.gov RI Worsley, Marcus/G-2382-2014 OI Worsley, Marcus/0000-0002-8012-7727 FU US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; LLNL [09-LW-024] FX This work performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The project 09-LW-024 was funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at LLNL. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 2 BP 330 EP 333 DI 10.1039/c0jm03204b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 695RW UT WOS:000285391300006 ER PT J AU Mayoral, A Allard, LF Ferrer, D Esparza, R Jose-Yacaman, M AF Mayoral, Alvaro Allard, Lawrence F. Ferrer, Domingo Esparza, Rodrigo Jose-Yacaman, Miguel TI On the behavior of Ag nanowires under high temperature: in situ characterization by aberration-corrected STEM SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID UNIFORM SILVER NANOWIRES; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRON; WIRE; NANOPARTICLES; IRRADIATION; ARRAYS AB Single crystal nanowires have been monitored at a wide range of temperatures from room temperature up to 900 degrees C using an aberration-corrected JEOL 2200FS scanning transmission electron microscope in both, bright field and high angle annular dark field, modes. The in situ measurements allowed heating and cooling the material instantaneously at the desired value making able to analyze the behaviour of silver nanowires at atomic resolution. The nanowires which firstly melted and subsequently vaporized left after the reaction empty carbon nanotubes. In addition, a Chevron-like defect has been also observed for the first time in silver nanowires and a structural analysis has been carried out by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy using high angle annular dark field imaging. C1 [Mayoral, Alvaro; Esparza, Rodrigo; Jose-Yacaman, Miguel] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Allard, Lawrence F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Microscopy Grp, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ferrer, Domingo] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RP Jose-Yacaman, M (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM miguel.yacaman@utsa.edu RI jose yacaman, miguel/B-5622-2009; Mayoral, Alvaro/H-2093-2015 OI Mayoral, Alvaro/0000-0002-5229-2717 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Welch foundation [AX-161]; NSF foundation [DMR 0934218] FX This research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Temperature Materials Laboratory was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Program. The authors would also like to thank CONACYT, CONICET. We acknowledge the Welch foundation PROJECT # AX-161 for financial support. We also acknowledge the NSF foundation for support through PREM program grant DMR 0934218 and to Dave Olmos for technical support. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 3 BP 893 EP 898 DI 10.1039/c0jm02624g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 700NH UT WOS:000285749900043 ER PT J AU Pan, AQ Liu, J Zhang, JG Cao, GZ Xu, W Nie, ZM Jie, XA Choi, DW Arey, BW Wang, CM Liang, SQ AF Pan, Anqiang Liu, Jun Zhang, Ji-Guang Cao, Guozhong Xu, Wu Nie, Zimin Jie, Xiao Choi, Daiwon Arey, Bruce W. Wang, Chongmin Liang, Shuquan TI Template free synthesis of LiV3O8 nanorods as a cathode material for high-rate secondary lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; SOL-GEL METHOD; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; LI1+XV3O8; VANADIUM; PERFORMANCE; LI1.2V3O8; INSERTION; LI1.1V3O8; CHEMISTRY AB A novel, template-free, low-temperature method has been developed to synthesize LiV3O8 cathode material for high-power secondary lithium (Li) batteries. The LiV3O8 prepared using this new method was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal decomposition process was investigated using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). LiV3O8 produced using the conventional high-temperature fabrication method also was analyzed. The electrochemical performances and the effects of synthesis temperature on our LiV3O8 and the conventionally produced LiV3O8 were compared. The LiV3O8 produced using our new method has a nanorod crystallite structure composed of uniform, well-separated particles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm. The TEM work reveals the stacking defaults within the nanorod structures, which would facilitate the electron transportation during the insertion and removal process of lithium ions. It delivers specific discharge capacities of 320 mAh g(-1) and 239 mAh g(-1) at current densities of 100 mA g(-1) and 1 A g(-1), respectively. It also exhibits excellent capacity retention with only 0.23% capacity fading per cycle. This excellent electrochemical performance can be attributed to the superior structural characteristics of our material, and the results of our study demonstrate that LiV3O8 nanorod crystallites produced by this new thermal decomposition method are promising cathode materials for high-power Li batteries. C1 [Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Pan, Anqiang; Liang, Shuquan] Cent S Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China. [Pan, Anqiang; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Xu, Wu; Nie, Zimin; Jie, Xiao; Choi, Daiwon] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Cao, Guozhong] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Arey, Bruce W.; Wang, Chongmin] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jun.liu@pnl.gov; jiguang.zhang@pnl.gov; lsq@mail.csu.edu.cn RI Choi, Daiwon/B-6593-2008; Cao, Guozhong/E-4799-2011 FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [50774097]; Creative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [50721003]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Office of Vehicle Technology of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [KC020105-FWP12152] FX We acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 50774097), the Creative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50721003), the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the Batteries for the Advanced Transportation Technologies program of Office of Vehicle Technology of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The TEM work was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific-user facility sponsored by the DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. The DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, also provided support under Award KC020105-FWP12152. NR 44 TC 79 Z9 81 U1 7 U2 88 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1153 EP 1161 DI 10.1039/c0jm02810j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 705DZ UT WOS:000286110400032 ER PT J AU Wettach, H Hoger, S Chaudhuri, D Lupton, JM Liu, F Lupton, EM Tretiak, S Wang, GJ Li, M De Feyter, S Fischer, S Forster, S AF Wettach, Henning Hoeger, Sigurd Chaudhuri, Debangshu Lupton, John. M. Liu, Feng Lupton, Elizabeth M. Tretiak, Sergei Wang, Guojie Li, Min De Feyter, Steven Fischer, Steffen Foerster, Stephan TI Synthesis and properties of a triphenylene-butadiynylene macrocycle SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SHAPE-PERSISTENT MACROCYCLES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; LIQUID-SOLID INTERFACE; COIL BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; PI-PI-INTERACTIONS; ETHYNYLENE MACROCYCLES; CONJUGATED MACROCYCLE; ASSOCIATION BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR NETWORKS AB The synthesis and characterization of a shape-persistent triphenylene-butadiynylene macrocycle formed by intermolecular Glaser-coupling of two "half-rings" and also by intramolecular coupling of the appropriate open dimer, respectively, are described in detail. The investigation of the photophysics has revealed that-compared to its open dimer-the macrocycle is more conjugated in the ground state and less so in the excited state, a result of the diacetylene bending in the macrocycle due to its constrained topology. The macrocycle is decorated with flexible side groups that support its adsorption on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) where a concentration-dependence of the 2D-structure is observed by means of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The flexible side groups also guarantee a high compound solubility even in nonpolar solvents (cyclohexane). However, solvophobic interactions lead to the formation of a tube-like superstructure, as revealed by dynamic light scattering, X-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy. C1 [Wettach, Henning; Hoeger, Sigurd] Univ Bonn, Kekule Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Chaudhuri, Debangshu; Lupton, John. M.] Univ Utah, Dept Phys & Astron, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Liu, Feng; Lupton, Elizabeth M.] Univ Utah, Dept Mat Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tretiak, Sergei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol CINT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wang, Guojie; Li, Min; De Feyter, Steven] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Lab Photochem & Spect, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Wang, Guojie; Li, Min; De Feyter, Steven] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Nanoscale Phys & Chem, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Fischer, Steffen; Foerster, Stephan] Univ Hamburg, Inst Phys Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Hoger, S (reprint author), Univ Bonn, Kekule Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Gerhard Domagk Str 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. EM hoeger@uni-bonn.de; lupton@physics.utah.edu; lupton@eng.utah.edu; Steven.DeFeyter@chem.kuleuven.be; forster@chemie.uni-hamburg.de RI Chaudhuri, Debangshu/E-2513-2013; Forster, Stephan/B-2180-2015; Tretiak, Sergei/B-5556-2009; De Feyter, Steven/K-7245-2014 OI Tretiak, Sergei/0000-0001-5547-3647; De Feyter, Steven/0000-0002-0909-9292 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB 624]; MIWFT; Volkswagen Foundation; K.U. Leuven (GOA); Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (F.W.O.); Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [IAP-6/27]; LANL-CINT FX Financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the SFB 624, the MIWFT in the frame of the consortium ENQUETE, the Volkswagen Foundation (JML and SH), K.U. Leuven (GOA), Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (F.W.O.) and the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office through IAP-6/27 is gratefully acknowledged. EML and JML acknowledge support through a LANL-CINT user project. JML is a David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellow. NR 121 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1404 EP 1415 DI 10.1039/c0jm02150d PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 708AF UT WOS:000286332000015 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, EE Poineau, F Llobet, A Thompson, JD Seshadri, R Cheetham, AK AF Rodriguez, Efrain E. Poineau, Frederic Llobet, Anna Thompson, Joe D. Seshadri, Ram Cheetham, Anthony K. TI Preparation, magnetism and electronic structures of cadmium technetates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PYROCHLORE OXIDE CD2RE2O7; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; TRANSITION; DIFFRACTION; PEROVSKITES; CD2OS2O7; HALIDES AB Due to the scarcity of the artificial transition metal technetium, studies on the solid-state properties of its oxides have been rarely undertaken. We have prepared a new technetium metal oxide system that include the 4d metal in two separate oxidation states and have characterized the new phases' crystal structures and magnetic properties. One phase Cd2Tc2O7 was prepared through the vapor-phase reaction of the heptaoxide Tc2O7 with Cd metal; the other phase, CdTcO3, was prepared through the solid state reaction of TcO2 with CdO. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the crystal structures and stoichiometries of the two new technetates. At room temperature, Cd2Tc2O7 takes on the pyrochlore structure with a 10.18118(1) angstrom, space group, Fd (3) over barm and Z = 8. CdTcO3 has the GdFeO3-type structure with space group Pbnm and a 5.38881(1) angstrom, b = 5.46504(1) angstrom, and c = 7.71272(1) angstrom. The magnetic susceptibility behavior of Cd2Tc2O7 is strikingly similar to that observed in Cd2Re2O7, with a broad transition close to 200 K. The magnetic behavior of Cd2Tc2O7 is also compared with that of isomorphous Pb2Tc2O6 and Bi2Tc2O7, also presented in this study. The magnetic susceptibility of the distorted perovskite phase CdTcO3 is weakly temperature dependent, with no obvious signs of an ordering transition below 300 K. Electronic band structure calculations performed to simulate electronic densities of states indicate that the Fermi level is located in a 't(2g)' band of the octahedrally coordinated Tc cations and therefore metallic conductivity in both CdTcO3 and Cd2Tc2O7. C1 [Rodriguez, Efrain E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez, Efrain E.; Llobet, Anna] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Poineau, Frederic] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Thompson, Joe D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Seshadri, Ram] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Cheetham, Anthony K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RP Rodriguez, EE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM efrainr@nist.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Llobet, Anna/B-1672-2010; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Seshadri, Ram/C-4205-2013; Rodriguez, Efrain/N-1928-2013 OI Seshadri, Ram/0000-0001-5858-4027; Rodriguez, Efrain/0000-0001-6044-1543 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at Los Alamos was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We would like to thank Brian Toby and Lynn Ribaud from the APS for their help in obtaining the synchrotron XRD data, and Tom O'Dou from the HRC for his valuable help with health physics. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1496 EP 1502 DI 10.1039/c0jm02470h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 708AF UT WOS:000286332000026 ER PT J AU Davis, RJ Lloyd, MT Ferreira, SR Bruzek, MJ Watkins, SE Lindell, L Sehati, P Fahlman, M Anthony, JE Hsu, JWP AF Davis, Robert J. Lloyd, Matthew T. Ferreira, Summer R. Bruzek, Matthew J. Watkins, Scott E. Lindell, Linda Sehati, Parisa Fahlman, Mats Anthony, John E. Hsu, Julia W. P. TI Determination of energy level alignment at interfaces of hybrid and organic solar cells under ambient environment SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE; WORK FUNCTION; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; KELVIN PROBE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURES; PHOTOEMISSION; SURFACE; PENTACENE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Device function in organic electronics is critically governed by the transport of charge across interfaces of dissimilar materials. Accurate measurements of energy level positions in organic electronic devices are therefore necessary for assessing the viability of new materials and optimizing device performance. In contrast to established methods that are used in solution or vacuum environments, here we combine Kelvin probe measurements performed in ambient environments to obtain work function values with photoelectron spectroscopy in air to obtain ionization potential, so that a complete energy level diagram for organic semiconductors can be determined. We apply this new approach to study commonly used electron donor and acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics (OPV), including poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and ZnO, as well as examine new materials. Band alignments across the entire OPV devices are constructed and compared with actual device performance. The ability to determine interfacial electronic properties in the devices enables us to answer the outstanding question: why previous attempts to make OPV devices using 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS)-pentacene as the electron donor were not successful. C1 [Davis, Robert J.; Ferreira, Summer R.; Hsu, Julia W. P.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Lloyd, Matthew T.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Bruzek, Matthew J.; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Watkins, Scott E.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. [Lindell, Linda; Sehati, Parisa; Fahlman, Mats] Linkoping Univ, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. RP Davis, RJ (reprint author), GE Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM davisrob@ge.com RI Watkins, Scott/C-7463-2009; CSIRO, OPV/F-2904-2013; Fahlman, Mats/A-1524-2009; OI Watkins, Scott/0000-0002-6058-9895; Fahlman, Mats/0000-0001-9879-3915; Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are grateful to M. T. Brumbach for the UPS measurements of ZnOnp films, P. Lu for the transmission electron microscopy image of the ZnO/P3HT bilayer device, and D. L. Moore and R. G. Copeland for technical support and XRD measurements. The materials fabrication was supported by a Sandia LDRD program and the development of ambient band alignment measurements was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 44 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 11 U2 118 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 6 BP 1721 EP 1729 DI 10.1039/c0jm02349c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 711TK UT WOS:000286614100014 ER PT J AU Zhang, B Xu, P Xie, XM Wei, H Li, ZP Mack, NH Han, XJ Xu, HX Wang, HL AF Zhang, Bin Xu, Ping Xie, Xinmiao Wei, Hong Li, Zhipeng Mack, Nathan H. Han, Xijiang Xu, Hongxing Wang, Hsing-Lin TI Acid-directed synthesis of SERS-active hierarchical assemblies of silver nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; GOLD-NANOPARTICLE DIMERS; CHEMICAL-DEPOSITION; FACILE SYNTHESIS; CATALYTIC-PROPERTIES; HOT-SPOTS; NANOCRYSTALS; POLARIZATION; MOLECULES; DNA AB SERS-active silver hierarchical assemblies are synthesized in solution by the assistance of small acid molecules. We here demonstrate the acid-directed self-assembly of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) into large systems with complex structures, without the application of any polymer surfactant or capping agent. It is verified that small acid molecules (citric acid, mandelic acid, etc.) incorporated into conventional solution chemistry can direct the assembly of MNPs into well-defined hierarchical structures. The constructed assembled structures with highly roughened surfaces can be highly sensitive SERS platforms, and the fabricated core-shell Ag wires show especially high SERS sensitivity toward the analyte melamine. The prepared Ag particles with hierarchical structures show no evident polarization-dependent SERS behavior, and this isotropic feature may be an advantage for highly sensitive SERS tags, since no certain incident polarization is required for molecule detection. We believe the subsequent addition of acid to induce formation of self-assembled structures can be a general synthetic platform to fabricate metal structures with complex morphologies. C1 [Zhang, Bin; Xu, Ping; Xie, Xinmiao; Han, Xijiang] Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. [Xu, Ping; Mack, Nathan H.; Wang, Hsing-Lin] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wei, Hong; Li, Zhipeng; Xu, Hongxing] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Xu, P (reprint author), Harbin Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. EM pxu@hit.edu.cn; hongxingxu@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; hwang@lanl.gov RI li, zhipeng/D-3313-2009; IoP, Nano Lab/B-9663-2013; Xu, Ping/I-1910-2013 OI Xu, Ping/0000-0002-1516-4986 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) under DOE; BES Office of Science; National Nanotechnology Enterprise Development Center (NNEDC); U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC); NSFC [20776032, 21071037, 10625418, 10874233]; Special Fund of Harbin Technological Innovation [2010RFXXG012]; MOST [2007CB936800, 2009CB930700] FX HLW acknowledges the financial support from Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) fund under the auspices of DOE, BES Office of Science, and the National Nanotechnology Enterprise Development Center (NNEDC). This work was performed in part at the U.S. Department of Energy, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, at Los Alamos National Laboratory (Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396) and Sandia National Laboratories (Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000). PX thanks the support from the Joint Educational Ph.D. Program of Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC), NSFC (No. 20776032, 21071037) and Special Fund of Harbin Technological Innovation (2010RFXXG012). HXX thanks the financial support from NSFC (No. 10625418, 10874233) and MOST (No. 2007CB936800, 2009CB930700). NR 56 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 7 U2 97 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2495 EP 2501 DI 10.1039/c0jm02837a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 718AP UT WOS:000287092000014 ER PT J AU Zhou, XF Wang, F Zhu, YM Liu, ZP AF Zhou, Xufeng Wang, Feng Zhu, Yimei Liu, Zhaoping TI Graphene modified LiFePO4 cathode materials for high power lithium ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; CYCLIC PERFORMANCE; CARBON; NANOPARTICLES; IMPACT; ENERGY; IRON; COMPOSITES; ELECTRODES; PHOSPHATE AB Graphene-modified LiFePO4 composite has been developed as a Li-ion battery cathode material with excellent high-rate capability and cycling stability. The composite was prepared with LiFePO4 nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanosheets by spray-drying and annealing processes. The LiFePO4 primary nanoparticles embedded in micro-sized spherical secondary particles were wrapped homogeneously and loosely with a graphene 3D network. Such a special nanostructure facilitated electron migration throughout the secondary particles, while the presence of abundant voids between the LiFePO4 nanoparticles and graphene sheets was beneficial for Li+ diffusion. The composite cathode material could deliver a capacity of 70 mAh g(-1) at 60C discharge rate and showed a capacity decay rate of <15% when cycled under 10C charging and 20C discharging for 1000 times. C1 [Zhou, Xufeng; Liu, Zhaoping] Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn NIMTE, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Feng; Zhu, Yimei] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Liu, ZP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn NIMTE, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM liuzp@nimte.ac.cn RI Wang, Feng/C-1443-2016 OI Wang, Feng/0000-0003-4068-9212 FU Chinese Academy of Sciences [KGCX2-YW-231-4, KGCX2-YW-365]; Ningbo Municipality [2009B21005]; Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [R4100194, Y4100499]; Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo [2009A610046, 2009A610029]; US DOE/BES [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We are grateful for financial support from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Program of Knowledge Innovation, Grant No. KGCX2-YW-231-4 and KGCX2-YW-365; Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team of Ningbo Municipality, Grant No. 2009B21005), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. R4100194 and Y4100499), and the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (Grant No. 2009A610046 and 2009A610029). Work at Brookhaven was supported by US DOE/BES under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 32 TC 267 Z9 280 U1 78 U2 450 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 10 BP 3353 EP 3358 DI 10.1039/c0jm03287e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 724OE UT WOS:000287585300012 ER PT J AU Zubarev, DY You, XQ McClean, J Lester, WA Frenklach, M AF Zubarev, Dmitry Yu You, Xiaoqing McClean, Jarrod Lester, William A., Jr. Frenklach, Michael TI Patterns of local aromaticity in graphene oxyradicals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; SURFACE; SOOT; GRAPHITE; O-2; CHEMISORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; HYDROCARBONS; SIMULATIONS; MOLECULES AB Two families of polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) oxyradicals are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and the semi-empirical PM6 method. These families result from the edge oxidation of substrates that involve only zigzag edges and those that include both zigzag and armchair edges. Oxyradical stability is shown to correlate with local aromatic character of six-atom rings characterized by the harmonic oscillator measure of aromaticity (HOMA) and with the distribution of HOMA values in molecules. It is demonstrated, that oxidation at the edge has a non-local effect on the structure of PAHs and leads to distinguishable types of HOMA patterns that are common for both families of PAHs. C1 [Zubarev, Dmitry Yu; McClean, Jarrod; Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lester, William A., Jr.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [You, Xiaoqing; Frenklach, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lester, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Kenneth S Pitzer Ctr Theoret Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM walester@lbl.gov RI You, Xiaoqing/B-1240-2015 FU Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC03-76F00098]; US Army Corps of Engineers, Humphreys Engineering Center [W912HQ-07-C-0044]; National Science Foundation [NSF CHE-0809969]; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX WAL, and MF were supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division of the US Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC03-76F00098. XY, and MF were supported by the US Army Corps of Engineers, Humphreys Engineering Center Support Activity, under Contract No. W912HQ-07-C-0044. DYZ was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant NSF CHE-0809969. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 10 BP 3404 EP 3409 DI 10.1039/c0jm04360e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 724OE UT WOS:000287585300020 ER PT J AU Cai, L Arias, AL Nino, JC AF Cai, Lu Arias, Alex L. Nino, Juan C. TI The tolerance factors of the pyrochlore crystal structure SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; CUBIC PYROCHLORE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; WEBERITE STRUCTURE; HIGH-PRESSURE; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDE PYROCHLORES AB The tolerance factor (t) concept, widely used in crystallochemical analysis of perovskites ABO(3), is here applied to A(2)B(2)O(7) fluorite-derivative superstructure: pyrochlores. Based on geometrical considerations of the different cation coordination polyhedra two tolerance factors for pyrochlores are introduced. The t values were calculated for 315 pyrochlores. A stability field is proposed to distinguish A(2)(2+)B(2)(5+)O(7) pyrochlores from A(2)(2+)B(2)(5+)O(7) weberites. A relationship between the tolerance factors and dielectric properties and their applicability to analyze structure-propoerty relations within this family of compounds is also discussed. C1 [Arias, Alex L.; Nino, Juan C.] Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. [Cai, Lu] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nino, JC (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. EM jnino@ufl.mse.edu RI Cai, Lu/E-5833-2011; Nino, Juan/A-6496-2008 OI Nino, Juan/0000-0001-8256-0535 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0449710] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Julian Guzman for the initial work and discussions on revisiting the tolerance factor for pyrochlores. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 0449710 and the corresponding author's NSF American Competitiveness and Innovation Fellowship. NR 115 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 56 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 11 BP 3611 EP 3618 DI 10.1039/c0jm03380d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 729SG UT WOS:000287970500016 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zhang, S Du, D Shao, YY Li, ZH Wang, J Engelhard, MH Li, JH Lin, YH AF Wang, Ying Zhang, Sheng Du, Dan Shao, Yuyan Li, Zhaohui Wang, Jun Engelhard, Mark H. Li, Jinghong Lin, Yuehe TI Self assembly of acetylcholinesterase on a gold nanoparticles-graphene nanosheet hybrid for organophosphate pesticide detection using polyelectrolyte as a linker SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORYLATED ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; SELECTIVE DETECTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; OXIDE SHEETS; NERVE AGENTS; BIOSENSOR; BIOMARKER; FABRICATION; COMPOSITES; EXPOSURES AB A nanohybrid of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and chemically reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (cr-Gs) was synthesized by in situ growth of Au NPs on the surface of graphene nanosheets in the presence of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), which not only improved the dispersion of Au NPs but also stabilized cholinesterase with high activity and loading efficiency. The obtained nanohybrid was characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, and electrochemistry. Then an enzyme nanoassembly (AChE/Au NPs/cr-Gs) was prepared by self-assembling acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on Au NP/cr-Gs nanohybrid. An electrochemical sensor based on AChE/Au NPs/cr-Gs was further developed for ultrasensitive detection of organophosphate pesticide. The results demonstrate that the developed approach provides a promising strategy to improve the sensitivity and enzyme activity of electrochemical biosensors. C1 [Wang, Ying; Li, Jinghong] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Key Lab Bioorgan Phosphorus Chem & Chem Biol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Wang, Ying; Zhang, Sheng; Du, Dan; Shao, Yuyan; Li, Zhaohui; Wang, Jun; Engelhard, Mark H.; Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Du, Dan] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Minist Educ, Key Lab Pesticide & Chem Biol, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. RP Li, JH (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Chem, Key Lab Bioorgan Phosphorus Chem & Chem Biol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM jhli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Zhang, Sheng/H-2452-2011; Shao, Yuyan/A-9911-2008; Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Li, Jinghong /D-4283-2012; Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; Du, Dan (Annie)/G-3821-2012; OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0001-7532-1923; Shao, Yuyan/0000-0001-5735-2670; Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; Li, Jinghong /0000-0002-0750-7352; Wang, Ying/0000-0002-9847-4655; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 FU National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS058161-01]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; DOE's office of Biological and Environmental Research located at PNNL; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20975060, 21075047]; National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB310500]; Program for Chenguang Young Scientist for Wuhan [200950431184] FX The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (award # NS058161-01) and a Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the federal government. PNNL is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The materials characterization was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's office of Biological and Environmental Research located at PNNL. J. H. Li acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 20975060), National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB310500). Dan Du acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21075047) and the Program for Chenguang Young Scientist for Wuhan (200950431184). NR 45 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 16 U2 161 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 14 BP 5319 EP 5325 DI 10.1039/c0jm03441j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 738RJ UT WOS:000288659500020 ER PT J AU Chen, ZH Ren, Y Qin, Y Wu, HM Ma, SQ Ren, JG He, XM Sun, YK Amine, K AF Chen, Zonghai Ren, Yang Qin, Yan Wu, Huiming Ma, Shengqian Ren, Jianguo He, Xiangming Sun, Y. -K. Amine, Khalil TI Solid state synthesis of LiFePO4 studied by in situ high energy X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CARBON; PHOSPHATES; TRANSPORT; IRON AB The phase evolution and crystal structure transition of materials during solid-state synthesis of LiFePO4 were investigated by in situ high energy X-ray diffraction. It was found that the solid state reaction forming LiFePO4 started at a very low temperature, and LiFePO4 was clearly observed when the reaction temperature was above 173 degrees C. In situ X-ray diffraction data also revealed that several impurities appeared when the reaction temperature was above 400 degrees C. These impurities were successfully indexed with ex situ X-ray diffraction as Li3PO4, Fe2P, and Fe3P. C1 [Chen, Zonghai; Qin, Yan; Wu, Huiming; Ma, Shengqian; Ren, Jianguo; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Ren, Yang] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Xray Sci Div, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Ma, Shengqian] Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [He, Xiangming] Tsinghua Univ, Inst Nucl Sci & New Energy Technol, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Sun, Y. -K.] Hanyang Univ, Dept WCU Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Chen, ZH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM zonghai.chen@anl.gov; amine@anl.gov RI He, Xiangming/A-8316-2008; Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Chen, Zonghai/K-8745-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI He, Xiangming/0000-0001-7146-4097; Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; FU US Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office; US Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Korean Government (MEST) [NRF-2009-C1AAA001-0093307] FX Research at Argonne National Laboratory was funded by US Department of Energy, FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Office. Argonne National Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2009-C1AAA001-0093307). NR 20 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 15 BP 5604 EP 5609 DI 10.1039/c0jm04049e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 741ZC UT WOS:000288906400011 ER PT J AU Feller, RK Purdy, GM Ortiz-Acosta, D Stange, S Li, A McKigney, EA Esch, EI Muenchausen, RE Gilbertson, R Bacrania, M Bennett, BL Ott, KC Brown, L Macomber, CS Scott, BL Del Sesto, RE AF Feller, Russell K. Purdy, Geraldine M. Ortiz-Acosta, Denisse Stange, Sy Li, Andy McKigney, Edward A. Esch, Ernst I. Muenchausen, Ross E. Gilbertson, Robert Bacrania, Minesh Bennett, Bryan L. Ott, Kevin C. Brown, Leif Macomber, Clay S. Scott, Brian L. Del Sesto, Rico E. TI Large-scale synthesis of CexLa1-xF3 nanocomposite scintillator materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORIDE AB Transparent nanocomposites have been developed which consist of nanocrystals embedded in an organic matrix. The materials are comprised of up to 60% by volume of 7-13 nm crystals of the phosphor CexLa1-xF3, and are greater than 70% transparent in the visible region at a thickness of 1 cm. Consistencies of the nanocomposites range from a solid polymer to a wax to a liquid, depending on the workup conditions of the nanoparticle synthesis. These transparent nanophosphor composite materials have potential applications in radiation detection as scintillators, as well as in other areas such as imaging and lighting, and can be produced on large scales up to near-kilogram quantities at near ambient conditions, much lower in temperature than typical nanoparticle syntheses. C1 [Feller, Russell K.; Purdy, Geraldine M.; Ortiz-Acosta, Denisse; Ott, Kevin C.; Macomber, Clay S.; Scott, Brian L.; Del Sesto, Rico E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Chem Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Stange, Sy; Li, Andy; McKigney, Edward A.; Esch, Ernst I.; Bacrania, Minesh] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Muenchausen, Ross E.; Bennett, Bryan L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Struct Property Relat Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Gilbertson, Robert] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Brown, Leif] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Del Sesto, RE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Chem Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. EM ricod@lanl.gov RI Feller, Russell/H-3250-2014; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX We gratefully acknowledge the support of this work by the US Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC, for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 15 BP 5716 EP 5722 DI 10.1039/c0jm04162a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 741ZC UT WOS:000288906400027 ER PT J AU Shui, JL Zhang, JW Li, JCM AF Shui, Jiang-Lan Zhang, Jing-Wen Li, James C. M. TI Making Pt-shell Pt30Ni70 nanowires by mild dealloying and heat treatments with little Ni loss SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CU CORE-SHELL; OXYGEN-REDUCTION; PLATINUM NANOTUBES; ELECTROCATALYSTS; NANOPARTICLES; NANOFIBERS; OXIDATION; MONOLAYER; BATTERIES; HYDROGEN AB Dealloying treatment is one way to make a Pt rich shell on Pt alloy through chemically depleting the surface of non-noble metals. However, this treatment usually causes more than half of the non-noble metal to be lost before the catalyst forms an effective protective surface. This process may cause unfavorable morphology and size change of the alloy catalyst. Our research indicates that a mild dealloying treatment in acid combined with an annealing treatment could make an effective Pt rich surface layer when only a little non-noble metal is dissolved from the alloy surface. Pt-Ni alloy nanowires are chosen as the treatment target because long nanowires are mechanically more stable than nanoparticles, which tend to migrate, agglomerate and lose surface area during working. Pt-Ni nanowires are made by electrospinning followed by a mild dealloying treatment and a post-heat treatment to make a core-shell structure in which Ni loses only similar to 10 atom% and the resultant Pt-shell could prevent nickel (> 70 atom% of the whole wire) in the core from dissolving in 1 M hot sulfuric acid. These long nanowires have diameters around 10-20 nm and form a self-supporting net. C1 [Shui, Jiang-Lan] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Shui, Jiang-Lan; Zhang, Jing-Wen; Li, James C. M.] Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Shui, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM shui@anl.gov FU NSF [DMR0801402] FX Work supported by NSF through DMR0801402 monitored by Dr Harsh Chopra and Dr Bruce MacDonald. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 17 BP 6225 EP 6229 DI 10.1039/c1jm10216h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 750DG UT WOS:000289524300018 ER PT J AU White, CE Perander, LM Provis, JL van Deventer, JSJ AF White, Claire E. Perander, Linus M. Provis, John L. van Deventer, Jannie S. J. TI The use of XANES to clarify issues related to bonding environments in metakaolin: a discussion of the paper S. Sperinck et al., "Dehydroxylation of kaolinite to metakaolin-a molecular dynamics study," J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 2118-2125 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; AL-27; SPECTROSCOPY; SI-29; EDGE; TEMPERATURE; ALUMINUM; MELTS AB We provide a discussion of some issues raised by a recent paper published in Journal of Materials Chemistry regarding the local structure of metakaolin. Furthermore, we show using synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) that tri-coordinated aluminium sites can exist in metakaolin, providing new evidence regarding the coordination environment of aluminium in metakaolin. C1 [White, Claire E.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [White, Claire E.; Provis, John L.; van Deventer, Jannie S. J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Perander, Linus M.] Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. RP White, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM whitece@lanl.gov; l.perander@auckland.ac.nz; jprovis@unimelb.edu.au; jannie@unimelb.edu.au RI White, Claire/A-1722-2011; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Provis, John/A-7631-2008 OI White, Claire/0000-0002-4800-7960; Provis, John/0000-0003-3372-8922 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 19 BP 7007 EP 7010 DI 10.1039/c1jm10379b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 755AP UT WOS:000289899300038 ER PT J AU Okamoto, T Jiang, Y Becerril, HA Hong, S Senatore, ML Tang, ML Toney, MF Siegrist, T Bao, ZA AF Okamoto, Toshihiro Jiang, Ying Becerril, Hector A. Hong, Sanghyun Senatore, Michelle L. Tang, Ming L. Toney, Michael F. Siegrist, Theo Bao, Zhenan TI Synthesis of regioregular pentacene-containing conjugated polymers SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE ORDER; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; HIGH-MOBILITY; HETEROJUNCTIONS; COPOLYMERS; OLIGOMERS AB We report the synthesis and characterization of a new class of regioregular pentacene-containing conjugated polymers via our synthetic routes reported previously. We found that our regioregular pentacene polymers showed improved ordering than their regiorandom counterpart as well as ambipolar OFET performance. C1 [Okamoto, Toshihiro; Jiang, Ying; Becerril, Hector A.; Hong, Sanghyun; Senatore, Michelle L.; Bao, Zhenan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tang, Ming L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Siegrist, Theo] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomed Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Bao, ZA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zbao@stanford.edu RI Okamoto, Toshihiro/N-3303-2013 OI Okamoto, Toshihiro/0000-0002-4783-0621 FU Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics, made by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project; Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX Y.J. is acknowledged for equal contribution to this work. Z.B. acknowledges financial support from the Center for Advanced Molecular Photovoltaics, made by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 20 BP 7078 EP 7081 DI 10.1039/c1jm10643k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 758LV UT WOS:000290167200006 ER PT J AU Li, XL Qin, YJ Picraux, ST Guo, ZX AF Li, Xianglong Qin, Yujun Picraux, S. T. Guo, Zhi-Xin TI Noncovalent assembly of carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrids SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED CHARGE-TRANSFER; FUEL-CELL ELECTROCATALYST; METAL NANOPARTICLES; PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES; CATALYTIC PERFORMANCE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; COAXIAL NANOCABLES; METHANOL OXIDATION AB The combination of carbon nanotubes with inorganic nanostructures is believed to be a powerful tool for constructing novel organic-inorganic hybrid architectures with desirable functionalities and applications in many fields ranging from energy storage and conversion, to catalysis, sensing, and medical diagnosis and treatment. Due to the chemically inert graphitic surface of the carbon nanotube, different assembly protocols for building functional carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrids, including covalent and noncovalent routes, have been designed and demonstrated. A better understanding of the chemistry associated with the hybrid assembly holds a key to rational manipulation of the hybrid properties. This critical review discusses nondestructive noncovalent assembly methodologies for constructing diverse carbon nanotube-inorganic hybrid materials and provides the latest advances in this field. Particular focus is given to the noncovalent assembly via functional linking molecules which play pivotal roles in the control of morphology, composition, structure, interface, and thus properties of the hybrid materials. C1 [Li, Xianglong; Picraux, S. T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Qin, Yujun; Guo, Zhi-Xin] Renmin Univ China, Dept Chem, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xianglongli@gmail.com; picraux@lanl.gov; gzhixin@ruc.edu.cn RI ruc, chem/E-4160-2012; Li, Xianglong/A-9010-2010 OI Li, Xianglong/0000-0002-6200-1178 NR 134 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 21 BP 7527 EP 7547 DI 10.1039/c1jm10516g PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 764YG UT WOS:000290670000003 ER PT J AU Szarko, JM Guo, JC Rolczynski, BS Chen, LX AF Szarko, Jodi M. Guo, Jianchang Rolczynski, Brian S. Chen, Lin X. TI Current trends in the optimization of low band gap polymers in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACCEPTOR BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SOLAR-CELLS; SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; ELECTRONIC-PROPERTIES; NANOSCALE MORPHOLOGY; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; ENERGY-TRANSFER AB Applications of low band gap polymers in solar cells have attracted intense attention due to their energetic overlap with the solar spectrum. Recently, low band gap organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials have shown an unprecedented similar to 8% efficiency in solar cell devices. Although the energetic alignment is crucial in the optimization of these materials, the structural and kinetic effects are also important factors in the overall device performance. Here we focus on the morphology and charge separation kinetics of several energetically similar low band gap materials. Special emphasis will be on two polymers, PF and PTB, in this report. C1 [Szarko, Jodi M.; Rolczynski, Brian S.; Chen, Lin X.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Guo, Jianchang; Rolczynski, Brian S.; Chen, Lin X.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Guo, Jianchang] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Guo, Jianchang] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Chen, LX (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM l-chen@northwestern.edu OI Szarko, Jodi/0000-0002-2181-9408 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001059, DEAC02-06CH11357]; Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-06CH11357] FX This material is based upon work supported as part of the ANSER Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001059, and is also partially supported by the Division of Chemical Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DEAC02-06CH11357 (for L. X. C.). We thank Professor Luping Yu and Dr Yongye Liang in the University of Chicago for their discovery and material synthesis of the PF and PTB polymers presented in this highlight. We also thank Drs Joseph W. Strzalka and Byeongdu Lee of the Advanced Photon Source for their help at the beamline setup and useful discussions in data analysis for GIXS, and Dr. David J. Gosztola for his help in using the transient absorption spectroscopy setup at the Center for Nanoscale Materials. The use of the user facilities, the Advanced Photon Source and the Center of Nanoscale Materials in Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. NR 53 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 22 BP 7849 EP 7857 DI 10.1039/c0jm04433d PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 768DY UT WOS:000290912900001 ER PT J AU Du, D Liu, J Zhang, XY Cui, XL Lin, YH AF Du, Dan Liu, Juan Zhang, Xiaoyan Cui, Xiaoli Lin, Yuehe TI One-step electrochemical deposition of a graphene-ZrO2 nanocomposite: Preparation, characterization and application for detection of organophosphorus agents SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; NERVE AGENTS; PHOSPHORYLATED ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ZIRCONIA NANOPARTICLES; CHEMICAL-REDUCTION; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; GRAPHITE OXIDE; PESTICIDES; FILMS; NANOSHEETS AB This paper described the preparation, characterization, and electrochemical properties of a graphene-ZrO2 nanocomposite (GZN) and its application for both the enrichment and detection of methyl parathion (MP). GZN was fabricated using electrochemical deposition and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which showed the successful formation of nanocomposites. Due to the strong affinity to the phosphoric group and the fast electron-transfer kinetics of GZN, both the extraction and electrochemical detection of organophosphorus (OP) agents at the same GZN modified electrochemical sensor was possible. The combination of solid-phase extraction and stripping voltammetric analysis allowed fast, sensitive, and selective determination of MP in garlic samples. The stripping response was highly linear over the MP concentrations ranging from 0.5 ng mL(-1) to 100 ng mL(-1), with a detection limit of 0.1 ng mL(-1). This new nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor provides an opportunity to develop a field-deployable, sensitive, and quantitative method for monitoring exposure to OPs. C1 [Du, Dan; Liu, Juan] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Key Lab Pesticide & Chem Biol, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Xiaoyan; Cui, Xiaoli] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Lin, Yuehe] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Du, D (reprint author), Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Chem, Key Lab Pesticide & Chem Biol, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China. EM dudan@mail.ccnu.edu.cn; xiaolicui@fudan.edu.cn; yuehe.lin@pnl.gov RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011; Du, Dan (Annie)/G-3821-2012; 张, 晓艳/A-8125-2016 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [21075047]; Program for Chenguang Young Scientist for Wuhan [200950431184]; Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges [CCNU10A02005]; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH [U01 NS058161-01]; DOE, Battelle [DE-AC05-76L01830] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21075047), the Program for Chenguang Young Scientist for Wuhan (200950431184) and the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges (CCNU10A02005). Dr Y. Lin acknowledges the financial support by Grant U01 NS058161-01 from the NIH's CounterACT Program through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the federal government. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76L01830. NR 42 TC 91 Z9 93 U1 12 U2 124 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 22 BP 8032 EP 8037 DI 10.1039/c1jm10696a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 768DY UT WOS:000290912900028 ER PT J AU Kansal, I Goel, A Tulyaganov, DU Santos, LF Ferreira, JMF AF Kansal, Ishu Goel, Ashutosh Tulyaganov, Dilshat U. Santos, Luis F. Ferreira, Jose M. F. TI Structure, surface reactivity and physico-chemical degradation of fluoride containing phospho-silicate glasses SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BIOACTIVE GLASSES; HYDROXYAPATITE POWDERS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL DURABILITY; APATITE FORMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; BODY-FLUID; IN-VITRO; MAS-NMR AB We report on the structure, apatite-forming ability and physicochemical degradation of glasses along the fluorapatite [FA; Ca-5(PO4)(3)F]-diopside (Di; CaMgSi2O6) join. A series of glasses with varying FA/Di ratio have been synthesised by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous glasses could be obtained only for compositions up to 40 wt.% of FA. The detailed structural analysis of the glasses has been made by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS-NMR). Silicon was predominantly present as Q(2) (Si) species while phosphorus was found in an orthophosphate type environment in all the investigated glasses. The apatite forming ability of glasses was investigated by immersion of the glass powders in simulated body fluid (SBF) for times varying between 1 h-28 days. An extensive precipitation of calcite (CaCO3) after immersion in SBF was found in all the glasses, which considerably masked the formation of hydroxyapatite [HA; Ca-5(PO4)(3)OH]. The possible mechanism favouring the formation of calcite instead of HA has been explained on the basis of experimental results obtained for the structure of the glasses, leaching profile of glass powders in SBF solution and pH variation in SBF solution. Furthermore, the physico-chemical degradation of the glasses has been studied in accordance with ISO 10993-14 "Biological evaluation of medical devices - Part 14: Identification and quantification of degradation products from ceramics" in Tris HCl and citric acid buffer. All the FA containing glasses exhibited a weight gain (instead of weight loss) after immersion in citric acid buffer due to the formation of different crystalline products. C1 [Goel, Ashutosh] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiol & Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kansal, Ishu; Ferreira, Jose M. F.] Univ Aveiro, Dept Ceram & Glass Engn, CICECO, P-3810193 Aveiro, Portugal. [Tulyaganov, Dilshat U.] Turin Polytech Univ Tashkent, Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan. [Santos, Luis F.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, Dept Mat Engn ICEMS, Inst Super Tecn, P-1049001 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Goel, A (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Radiol & Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Ashutosh.Goel@pnl.gov; jmf@ua.pt RI Santos, Luis/A-5818-2010; Goel, Ashutosh/J-9972-2012 OI Santos, Luis/0000-0003-0986-9880; FU Ishu Kansal in the framework of project [PTDC/CTM/099489/2008-GELMEMS]; CICECO FX The research scholarship for Ishu Kansal in the framework of project PTDC/CTM/099489/2008-GELMEMS is greatly acknowledged. The support from CICECO is also acknowledged. NR 57 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 22 BP 8074 EP 8084 DI 10.1039/c1jm10811e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 768DY UT WOS:000290912900034 ER PT J AU Du, WX Wang, Q LaScala, CA Zhang, LH Su, D Frenkel, AI Mathur, VK Teng, XW AF Du, Wenxin Wang, Qi LaScala, Carlo A. Zhang, Lihua Su, Dong Frenkel, Anatoly I. Mathur, Virendra K. Teng, Xiaowei TI Ternary PtSnRh-SnO2 nanoclusters: synthesis and electroactivity for ethanol oxidation fuel cell reaction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-REDUCTION; ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; OXIDIZING ETHANOL; GOLD CLUSTERS; CATALYSTS; PTPB; NANOPARTICLES; NANOWIRES; ALLOYS AB Carbon supported ternary Pt52Sn(36-x)Rh12-SnxO2x electrocatalysts with the average diameter of 2.8 +/- 0.5 nm were synthesized using a Polyol process followed by thermal treatment. Several techniques including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) were used to identify the coexistence of homogeneously distributed Pt/Sn/Rh random alloy and non-alloyed SnO2 throughout the catalyst. The Pt52Sn(36-x)Rh12-SnxO2x catalyst showed a superior long-term activity and stability towards ethanol oxidation than the commercial Pt catalyst. Our data of ternary Pt/Sn/Rh catalysts with different chemical compositions and crystalline structures also indicated that the superior performance of Pt52Sn(36-x)Rh12-SnxO2x might result from the electronic effect of the Pt/Sn/Rh random alloy. C1 [Du, Wenxin; LaScala, Carlo A.; Mathur, Virendra K.; Teng, Xiaowei] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wang, Qi] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Zhang, Lihua; Su, Dong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Frenkel, Anatoly I.] Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Teng, XW (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM xw.teng@unh.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011; Wang, Qi/C-5478-2012; Su, Dong/A-8233-2013; Zhang, Lihua/F-4502-2014; Du, Wenxin/P-9195-2014 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207; Su, Dong/0000-0002-1921-6683; FU UNH; DOE [DE-FG02-03ER15476, DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium [DE-FG02-05ER15688] FX This work is supported by the UNH (XT, WD, CAL) and DOE (AIF, DE-FG02-03ER15476; DS and LZ, DE-AC02-98CH10886). CAL thanks for the REAP and SURF summer supports from UNH. The use of the NSLS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Beam lines X19A/X18B are partly supported by Synchrotron Catalysis Consortium (DE-FG02-05ER15688). NR 39 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 24 BP 8887 EP 8892 DI 10.1039/c0jm04358c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 774AE UT WOS:000291352900058 ER PT J AU Li, HQ Qu, J Cui, QZ Xu, HB Luo, HM Chi, MF Meisner, RA Wang, W Dai, S AF Li, Huaqing Qu, Jun Cui, Qingzhou Xu, Hanbing Luo, Huimin Chi, Miaofang Meisner, Roberta A. Wang, Wei Dai, Sheng TI TiO2 nanotube arrays grown in ionic liquids: high-efficiency in photocatalysis and pore-widening SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TITANIA NANOTUBES; SOLAR-CELLS; 2-STEP ANODIZATION; ANODIC GROWTH; ELECTROLYTES; FABRICATION; LENGTH; WATER; DYE AB Debris-free, long, well-separated TiO2 nanotube arrays were obtained using an ionic liquid (IL) as electrolyte. The high conductivity of IL resulted in fast pore widening and few contaminants from electrolyte decomposition leading to high photocatalytic efficiency in water splitting. C1 [Li, Huaqing; Qu, Jun; Xu, Hanbing; Chi, Miaofang; Meisner, Roberta A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Li, Huaqing; Meisner, Roberta A.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Cui, Qingzhou; Wang, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Environm Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Luo, Huimin] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy & Transportat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Qu, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM qujn@ornl.gov RI Wang, Wei/B-5924-2012; Li, Huaqing/E-7071-2010; Chi, Miaofang/Q-2489-2015; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Chi, Miaofang/0000-0003-0764-1567; Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), EERE Industrial Materials Program, under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The characterization work was supported in part by ORNL's SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 26 BP 9487 EP 9490 DI 10.1039/c1jm11540e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 780SC UT WOS:000291878100010 ER PT J AU Liu, J Conry, TE Song, XY Yang, L Doeff, MM Richardson, TJ AF Liu, Jun Conry, Thomas E. Song, Xiangyun Yang, Li Doeff, Marca M. Richardson, Thomas J. TI Spherical nanoporous LiCoPO4/C composites as high performance cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ENERGY-STORAGE; LIFEPO4; CHALLENGES; FE AB Spherical nanoporous LiCoPO4/C composite microparticles were synthesized from soluble precursors by spray pyrolysis. They consisted of similar to 70 nm primary particles agglomerated into micron-sized spheres with an average pore size of 68 nm and a 3-5 nm thick conformal carbon coating comprising 2.4% carbon by weight. The material delivered a reversible capacity of 123 mAh g(-1) at C/10 rate, and showed excellent cycling behavior and rate capability. The good electrochemical performance is due to the presence of three-dimensional networks for both electronic and ionic transport. C1 [Liu, Jun; Conry, Thomas E.; Song, Xiangyun; Yang, Li; Doeff, Marca M.; Richardson, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM MMDoeff@lbl.gov; TJRichardson@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors would like to thank Hydro Quebec for a gift of the carbon-free LiCoPO4. NR 32 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 6 U2 73 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 27 BP 9984 EP 9987 DI 10.1039/c1jm10793c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 784LV UT WOS:000292159700015 ER PT J AU Kam, KC Doeff, MM AF Kam, Kinson C. Doeff, Marca M. TI Aliovalent titanium substitution in layered mixed Li Ni-Mn-Co oxides for lithium battery applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-STATE CHEMISTRY; ION BATTERIES; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; INSERTION MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LICO1/3NI1/3MN1/3O2 AB Improved electrochemical characteristics are observed for Li[Ni(1/3)Co(1/3-y)Ti(y)Mn(1/3)]O(2) cathodes, compared to the baseline material, with up to 15% increased discharge capacity. C1 [Kam, Kinson C.; Doeff, Marca M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kam, KC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mmdoeff@lbl.gov RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary of Energy for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the United States Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 27 BP 9991 EP 9993 DI 10.1039/c0jm04193a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 784LV UT WOS:000292159700017 ER PT J AU Cabana, J Shirakawa, J Nakayama, M Wakihara, M Grey, CP AF Cabana, Jordi Shirakawa, Junichi Nakayama, Masanobu Wakihara, Masataka Grey, Clare P. TI Effect of ball-milling and lithium insertion on the lithium mobility and structure of Li3Fe2(PO4)(3) SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE-ELECTRODE MATERIALS; SOLID-STATE NMR; LI-7 MAS NMR; MONOCLINIC LI3FE2(PO4)(3); IONIC-CONDUCTION; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CATHODE MATERIALS; NA3FE2(PO4)3 AB The structure and lithium mobility have been investigated for A-and B-Li3Fe2(PO4)(3), before and after mechanical milling and lithium insertion, by using Li NMR. The data indicate that the milling step induces a significant amount of defects in the structure, while it improves the ability of the material to take up lithium. The lithium mobility in the different samples was studied by collecting NMR spectra at different temperatures, extensive lithium mobility being observed for both polytypes at temperatures above 150 degrees C. This mobility was found to be enhanced after milling. The enhancement in the electrode material utilization is ascribed to both a reduction of the diffusion lengths (particle size) and an increase in the intrinsic mobility of lithium in the sample. C1 [Cabana, Jordi; Shirakawa, Junichi; Grey, Clare P.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Cabana, Jordi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Shirakawa, Junichi; Nakayama, Masanobu; Wakihara, Masataka] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Megro ku, Tokyo 1528552, Japan. [Grey, Clare P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Cabana, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jcabana@lbl.gov; cpg27@cam.ac.uk RI Cabana, Jordi/G-6548-2012 OI Cabana, Jordi/0000-0002-2353-5986 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [6517749]; Generalitat de Catalunya; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and via subcontract no. 6517749 with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. JC is indebted to Generalitat de Catalunya for funding through a Beatriu de Pinos fellowship. J.S. thanks the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for financial support. CPG thanks Prof. Christian Masquelier (LRCS, France) for helpful discussions. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 49 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 27 BP 10012 EP 10020 DI 10.1039/c0jm04197a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 784LV UT WOS:000292159700021 ER PT J AU Pan, AQ Zhang, JG Cao, GZ Liang, SQ Wang, CM Nie, ZM Arey, BW Xu, W Liu, DW Xiao, J Li, GS Liu, J AF Pan, Anqiang Zhang, Ji-Guang Cao, Guozhong Liang, Shuquan Wang, Chongmin Nie, Zimin Arey, Bruce W. Xu, Wu Liu, Dawei Xiao, Jie Li, Guosheng Liu, Jun TI Nanosheet-structured LiV3O8 with high capacity and excellent stability for high energy lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE ELECTRODE MATERIALS; LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; SOL-GEL METHOD; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIAL; ION BATTERIES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SECONDARY BATTERIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CARBON NANOTUBES AB Highly stable LiV3O8 with a nanosheet-structure was successfully prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer in the precursor solution as the structure modifying agent, followed by calcination in air at 400 degrees C, 450 degrees C, 500 degrees C, and 550 degrees C. These materials provide the best electrochemical performance ever reported for LiV3O8 crystalline electrodes, with a specific discharge capacity of 260 mAh g(-1) and no capacity fading over 100 cycles at 100 mA g(-1). The excellent cyclic stability and high specific discharge capacity of the material are attributed to the novel nanosheets structure formed in LiV3O8. These LiV3O8 nanosheets are good candidates for cathode materials for high-energy lithium battery applications. C1 [Pan, Anqiang; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Wang, Chongmin; Nie, Zimin; Arey, Bruce W.; Xu, Wu; Xiao, Jie; Li, Guosheng; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Pan, Anqiang; Liang, Shuquan] Cent S Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410083, Hunan, Peoples R China. [Cao, Guozhong; Liu, Dawei] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zhang, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Jiguang.zhang@pnl.gov; sql@mail.csu.edu.cn; jun.liu@pnl.gov RI Cao, Guozhong/E-4799-2011 FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [50774097]; Creative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [50721003]; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Office of Vehicle Technology of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); Chinese Council Scholarship; DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [KC020105-FWP12152] FX We acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 50774097), the Creative Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50721003), the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and the Batteries for the Advanced Transportation Technologies program of Office of Vehicle Technology of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). A. Pan appreciates the financial support from the Chinese Council Scholarship. The TEM work was performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific-user facility sponsored by the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, also provided support under Award KC020105-FWP12152. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institure. NR 50 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 27 BP 10077 EP 10084 DI 10.1039/c1jm10976f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 784LV UT WOS:000292159700029 ER PT J AU Sun, YK Lee, BR Noh, HJ Wu, HM Myung, ST Amine, K AF Sun, Yang-Kook Lee, Bo-Ram Noh, Hyung-Ju Wu, Huiming Myung, Seung-Taek Amine, Khalil TI A novel concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O-2 cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POSITIVE-ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CELLS; COPRECIPITATION; PARTICLES; PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE AB A novel concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O-2 cathode material was successfully synthesized via co-precipitation, in which the core Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O-2 was encapsulated completely with a stable concentration-gradient layer having reduced Ni content. The electrochemical and thermal properties of the concentration-gradient Li[Ni0.83Co0.07Mn0.10]O-2 were studied and compared to those of the core Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O-2 material alone. The concentration-gradient material had a superior lithium intercalation stability and thermal stability compared to the core material. The high capacity was delivered from the Ni-rich core Li[Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05]O-2, and the improved thermal stability was achieved by the Ni-depleted concentration-gradient layer with outer surface composition of Li[Ni0.68Co0.12Mn0.20]O-2. The concentration-gradient materials open a new era for the development of advanced Li-ion batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, and improved safety. C1 [Sun, Yang-Kook; Noh, Hyung-Ju] Hanyang Univ, Dept WCU Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Sun, Yang-Kook; Lee, Bo-Ram] Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Wu, Huiming; Amine, Khalil] Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Myung, Seung-Taek] Iwate Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. RP Sun, YK (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept WCU Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM yksun@hanyang.ac.kr; amine@anl.gov RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; FU Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy [20104010100560]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R31-10092] FX This work was supported by the Human Resources Development of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Knowledge Economy (no. 20104010100560) and by WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10092) NR 20 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 10 U2 89 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 27 BP 10108 EP 10112 DI 10.1039/c0jm04242k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 784LV UT WOS:000292159700033 ER PT J AU Chen, GY Shukla, AK Song, XY Richardson, TJ AF Chen, Guoying Shukla, Alpesh K. Song, Xiangyun Richardson, Thomas J. TI Improved kinetics and stabilities in Mg-substituted LiMnPO4 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MANGANESE PHOSPHATE; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CATHODES; MN; FE; PERFORMANCE; OLIVINES; LIFEPO4 AB LiMgxMn1-xPO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) crystals were prepared hydrothermally. The presence of Mg2+ was found to improve the kinetics, utilization, and physical stability of the crystals during chemical and electrochemical delithiation, as well as the thermal stability of the delithiated phase. The best performance was found in the sample with 20% substitution. The positive effect of Mg2+ was attributed to the reduced volume mismatch between the lithiated and delithiated phases, and to more favorable particle morphologies. Mg2+ dilutes the concentration of Jahn-Teller active ion, Mn3+, and reduces local strains between the phases, and thereby increases the structural stability of the crystals. The result is a reduction in fracturing and decrepitation, which translates to improved electrochemical performance. Although the thermal stability improved with increasing Mg substitution, the heat evolved during reaction with electrolyte remains proportional to the Mn content and therefore to the theoretical capacity. C1 [Chen, Guoying; Shukla, Alpesh K.; Song, Xiangyun; Richardson, Thomas J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, GY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gchen@lbl.gov RI Shukla, Alpesh/B-2058-2013 FU National Center for Electron Microscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors acknowledge support of the National Center for Electron Microscopy at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the US Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 27 BP 10126 EP 10133 DI 10.1039/c0jm04230g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 784LV UT WOS:000292159700036 ER PT J AU Coker, EN Ambrosini, A Rodriguez, MA Miller, JE AF Coker, Eric N. Ambrosini, Andrea Rodriguez, Mark A. Miller, James E. TI Ferrite-YSZ composites for solar thermochemical production of synthetic fuels: in operando characterization of CO2 reduction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION; WATER; OXIDE; SYSTEM; PHASE; ZRO2; ZRO2-FE2O3; CYCLES; HEAT AB Ferrites are promising materials for enabling solar-thermochemical cycles. Such cycles utilize solar-thermal energy for the production of hydrogen from water, or carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide. Mixing ferrites with zirconia or yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) greatly improves the cyclability of the ferrites and enables a move away from powder to monolithic systems. This synergistic effect is only partially understood. In order to unravel the underlying mechanisms of the effect and to understand the evolution of thermochemically active phases, we have studied the behaviour of iron oxides co-sintered with 8YSZ (8 mol% Y2O3) using in operando X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis at temperatures up to 1500 degrees C and under environments representative of those present in a thermochemical cycle. The solubility of iron oxide in 8YSZ measured by XRD at room temperature, following calcination to 1500 degrees C in air, was 9.4 mol% Fe. The solubility increased to at least 10.4 mol% Fe when heated between 800 and 1000 degrees C under inert (He) atmosphere. Furthermore iron was found to migrate in and out of the 8YSZ phase as the temperature and oxidation state of the iron changed. In samples containing insoluble iron (i.e., containing > 9.4 mol% Fe) stepwise heating to 1400 degrees C under helium caused reduction of Fe2O3 (hematite) to Fe3O4 (magnetite) to FeO (wustite). This gradual thermal reduction from hematite to wustite was accompanied by evolution of oxygen. The wustite remained stable upon cooling to room temperature in the helium environment, although after multiple consecutive cycles some of the wustite was observed to disproportionate to Fe metal and magnetite. Exposure of the wustite-containing material to CO2 at 1100 degrees C enabled re-oxidation of the wustite to magnetite with evolution of CO. Thermogravimetric analysis during thermochemical cycling of materials with iron oxide contents between 1.8 and 27.6 mol% Fe showed that samples with mostly dissolved iron utilized a greater proportion of the iron atoms present than did samples possessing a significant fraction of un-dissolved iron oxides. C1 [Coker, Eric N.; Ambrosini, Andrea; Rodriguez, Mark A.; Miller, James E.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Coker, EN (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM encoker@sandia.gov RI Miller, James/C-1128-2011 OI Miller, James/0000-0001-6811-6948 FU Sandia National Laboratories; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program at Sandia National Laboratories, in the form of a Grand Challenge project entitled "Reimagining Liquid Transportation Fuels: Sunshine to Petrol," Ellen Stechel, program manager. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. We thank James NMI Griego and Jonathan Torres for help with HT-XRD data collection and analysis, and Kristin Meyer and Kathy Huang for assistance with sample preparation. NR 32 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 29 BP 10767 EP 10776 DI 10.1039/C1JM11053E PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 795MP UT WOS:000292978600029 ER PT J AU Wu, G Johnston, CM Mack, NH Artyushkova, K Ferrandon, M Nelson, M Lezama-Pacheco, JS Conradson, SD More, KL Myers, DJ Zelenay, P AF Wu, Gang Johnston, Christina M. Mack, Nathan H. Artyushkova, Kateryna Ferrandon, Magali Nelson, Mark Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S. Conradson, Steven D. More, Karren L. Myers, Deborah J. Zelenay, Piotr TI Synthesis-structure-performance correlation for polyaniline-Me-C non-precious metal cathode catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONTAINING CARBON CATALYSTS; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; METHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION; ACTIVE-SITES; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; COMPOSITE FILMS; MODEL CATALYSTS; O-2 REDUCTION; THIN-FILMS AB In this report, we present the systematic preparation of active and durable non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) for the oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) based on the heat treatment of polyaniline/metal/carbon precursors. Variation of the synthesis steps, heat-treatment temperature, metal loading, and the metal type in the synthesis leads to markedly different catalyst activity, speciation, and morphology. Microscopy studies demonstrate notable differences in the carbon structure as a function of these variables. Balancing the need to increase the catalyst's degree of graphitization through heat treatment versus the excessive loss of surface area that occurs at higher temperatures is a key to preparing an active catalyst. XPS and XAFS spectra are consistent with the presence of Me-Nx structures in both the Co and Fe versions of the catalyst, which are often proposed to be active sites. The average speciation and coordination environment of nitrogen and metal, however, depends greatly on the choice of Co or Fe. Taken together, the data indicate that better control of the metal-catalyzed transformations of the polymer into new graphitized carbon forms in the heat-treatment step will allow for even further improvement of this class of catalysts. C1 [Wu, Gang; Johnston, Christina M.; Nelson, Mark; Zelenay, Piotr] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Mack, Nathan H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Artyushkova, Kateryna] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem & Nucl Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Ferrandon, Magali; Myers, Deborah J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Lezama-Pacheco, Juan S.; Conradson, Steven D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [More, Karren L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Johnston, CM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cjohnston@lanl.gov; zelenay@lanl.gov RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008; Johnston, Christina/A-7344-2011; Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422; Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 FU DOE-EERE; Los Alamos National Laboratory; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the US Department of Energy FX We are grateful to Drs Jerzy Chlistunoff, Fernando Garzon, Rangachary Mukundan, and Hoon Chung at LANL for relevant discussions. Financial support for this work has been provided by the DOE-EERE Fuel Cells Technologies Program (Technology Development Manager: Nancy Garland) and the Los Alamos National Laboratory through Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program (LDRD). Portions of this research were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Microscopy research was supported by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's SHaRE User Facility, which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, the US Department of Energy. NR 75 TC 208 Z9 213 U1 20 U2 172 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 30 BP 11392 EP 11405 DI 10.1039/c0jm03613g PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 795KZ UT WOS:000292974400051 ER PT J AU Wang, XJ Jaye, C Nam, KW Zhang, B Chen, HY Bai, JM Li, H Huang, XJ Fischer, DA Yang, XQ AF Wang, Xiao-Jian Jaye, Cherno Nam, Kyung-Wan Zhang, Bin Chen, Hai-Yan Bai, Jianming Li, Hong Huang, Xuejie Fischer, Daniel A. Yang, Xiao-Qing TI Investigation of the structural changes in Li1-xFePO4 upon charging by synchrotron radiation techniques SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LI-ION BATTERIES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; UNSUPPORTED CLAIMS; LIFEPO4; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODE; LIXFEPO4; CARBON; MN AB A systematic study on a LiFePO4 sample with 600 nm particle size was carried out to investigate the electronic and crystal structure changes during charge and their relationships with the charging curve. In situ X-ray diffraction data collected at 0.1C rate during first charge shows that the crystal FePO4 is observed at x = 0.3 in Li1-xFePO4, with significant delay than the beginning of the charge plateau. On the other hand, in situ X-ray absorption spectra for the Fe K-edge collected at 0.1C during first charge show that the average oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ almost synchronized with the charging curve. In addition, the ex-situ soft X-ray absorption data for the Fe LII-III edges using surface sensitive partial electron yield detection mode show that the lithium content changes at the surface of the sample particles synchronized or ahead to the charge curve, while the data collected at the same time using bulk sensitive fluorescence yield detection mode show that the lithium content changes in the bulk of the particles lag behind the charging curve. The contents of FePO4 and LiFePO4 calculated from in situ XRD in relating to the charge curve are quite different than those calculated from in situ XAS and ex-situ soft X-ray absorption data. This tells us that cautious need to be taken when using XRD data alone to track the state of charge of LiFePO4 samples, significant delay in observing the new crystal phase formation could occur, especially at relatively high charging rate. C1 [Wang, Xiao-Jian; Nam, Kyung-Wan; Yang, Xiao-Qing] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Bin; Li, Hong; Huang, Xuejie] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Chen, Hai-Yan] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Bai, Jianming] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yang, XQ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM xyang@bnl.gov RI Sanders, Susan/G-1957-2011; Nam, Kyung-Wan Nam/G-9271-2011; Chen, Haiyan/C-8109-2012; Li, Hong/C-4643-2008; Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 OI Li, Hong/0000-0002-8659-086X; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; FU Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001294, BNL: DEAC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Northeastern Center for Chemical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract Number DE-SC0001294 (Contract number for BNL: DEAC02-98CH10886). NR 35 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 30 BP 11406 EP 11411 DI 10.1039/c1jm11036e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 795KZ UT WOS:000292974400052 ER PT J AU Llordes, A Hammack, AT Buonsanti, R Tangirala, R Aloni, S Helms, BA Milliron, DJ AF Llordes, Anna Hammack, Aaron T. Buonsanti, Raffaella Tangirala, Ravisubhash Aloni, Shaul Helms, Brett A. Milliron, Delia J. TI Polyoxometalates and colloidal nanocrystals as building blocks for metal oxide nanocomposite films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DECANIOBATE ION; SUPERLATTICES; NANOSTRUCTURES; DIHYDRATE AB We report the preparation of solution-derived metal oxide nanocomposite films by combining polyoxometalates (POMs) and colloidal oxide nanocrystals. Polyniobates and vanadates were combined with Sn-doped In(2)O(3) (ITO) nanocrystals leading to Nb(2)O(5)-ITO, V(2)O(5)-ITO and VO(2)-ITO nanocomposite films. Compared to other solution-phase methodologies, this approach offers excellent control of the nanoinclusion composition, size, morphology, and volume fraction. Two different methodologies have been used, which are based on the ex situ (in solution) and in situ (within the film) ligand exchange of the pristine organic capping ligands of the nanocrystals by POMs. A thorough structural and compositional characterization of the films at different stages of the ligand exchange process is also presented. C1 [Llordes, Anna; Hammack, Aaron T.; Buonsanti, Raffaella; Tangirala, Ravisubhash; Aloni, Shaul; Helms, Brett A.; Milliron, Delia J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Milliron, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dmilliron@lbl.gov RI Hammack, Aaron/A-4843-2011; Milliron, Delia/D-6002-2012; Llordes, Anna/H-2370-2015; OI Hammack, Aaron/0000-0002-8966-5978; Llordes, Anna/0000-0003-4169-9156; Helms, Brett/0000-0003-3925-4174 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FX We thank Dr Angang Dong for helpful suggestions regarding ligand exchange, A. Hexemer and E. Chan for assistance and guidance with GISAXS measurements and Maria Berbetores for help with the artwork designs. This work was performed at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. D.J.M. was supported by a DOE Early Career Research Program grant, and A. L. and R.T. were supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 5 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 31 BP 11631 EP 11638 DI 10.1039/c1jm10514k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 798GI UT WOS:000293190200028 ER PT J AU Peng, S Sun, YG AF Peng, Sheng Sun, Yugang TI Ripening of bimodally distributed AgCl nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SILVER-CHLORIDE NANOPARTICLES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGHLY EFFICIENT; WATER OXIDATION; MICELLE SYSTEM; VISIBLE-LIGHT; AT-AGCL; PHOTOCATALYST; O-2; MICROEMULSIONS AB Ripening of AgCl nanoparticles with a bimodal size distribution has been carefully studied in ethylene glycol containing poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as capping molecules and at elevated temperatures (e.g., 160 degrees C). The resulting AgCl particles exhibit high uniformity in size and cube-tetrapod morphology that are significantly different from the original AgCl nanoparticles. In addition, enhanced reducing ability of ethylene glycol at high temperature partially reduces AgCl to form Ag nanocrystalline domains in the AgCl particles, leading the AgCl particles to be efficiently absorbing visible light and to serve as a class of visible-light-driven photocatalysts due to the strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) associated with the Ag nanocrystallites. C1 [Peng, Sheng; Sun, Yugang] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, YG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ygsun@anl.gov RI Peng, Sheng/E-7988-2010; Sun, Yugang /A-3683-2010 OI Sun, Yugang /0000-0001-6351-6977 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, and Electron Microscopy Center for Materials Research at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We gratefully appreciate Dr C. An for his help at the beginning of this study, Dr G. Wiederrecht and Dr J. Zhang for helpful discussion, and X. Wang for help in preparing SEM samples. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 31 BP 11644 EP 11650 DI 10.1039/c1jm10475f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 798GI UT WOS:000293190200030 ER PT J AU Yue, Q Li, YZ Kong, M Huang, JC Zhao, XJ Liu, J Williford, RE AF Yue, Qin Li, Yuanzhi Kong, Ming Huang, Jichao Zhao, Xiujian Liu, Jun Williford, Ralph E. TI Ultralow density, hollow silica foams produced through interfacial reaction and their exceptional properties for environmental and energy applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SPHERES; AEROGELS; FABRICATION; TITANIA; MICROSPHERES; NANOCRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; CAPSULES; COATINGS AB We report a novel, facile, and reproducible method for large-scale production of highly porous, hollow silica foams (hollow spheres) with a robust ultrathin shell of several nanometres through a simple, one-step, bubble-controlled, interfacial hydrolysis reaction. This material has exceptional properties, including ultralow density (0.028 g cm(-3), approaching 99% porosity), good thermal stability up to 1000 degrees C, an exceptionally high capacity for oil uptake from mixed solvents (up to 25.6 cm(3) g(-1)), and a very low thermal conductivity comparable to ultralow density silica aerogels. C1 [Yue, Qin; Li, Yuanzhi; Kong, Ming; Huang, Jichao; Zhao, Xiujian] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Silicate Mat Architectures, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Liu, Jun; Williford, Ralph E.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Li, Yuanzhi] Hubei Normal Univ, Hubei Key Lab Pollutant Anal & Reuse Technol, Huangshi 435002, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Li, YZ (reprint author), Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Silicate Mat Architectures, 122 Luoshi Rd, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. EM liyuanzhi66@hotmail.com RI Zhao, Xiujian/E-1499-2011 OI Zhao, Xiujian/0000-0002-2517-2605 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB939704]; Ministry of Education of China [309021]; Innovative Research Team Project of Hubei Province [2010CDA070]; National Science Foundation [51032005]; Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology [KY2010M02]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB939704), an important project of the Ministry of Education of China (309021), the Innovative Research Team Project of Hubei Province (2010CDA070), the National Science Foundation (51032005), and the Opening Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology (KY2010M02). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 32 BP 12041 EP 12046 DI 10.1039/c1jm12040a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 802IY UT WOS:000293504500051 ER PT J AU Yu, JG Rosso, KM Zhang, JG Liu, J AF Yu, Jianguo Rosso, Kevin M. Zhang, Ji-Guang Liu, Jun TI Ab initio study of lithium transition metal fluorophosphate cathodes for rechargeable batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MIXED ANIONIC FRAMEWORK; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; LI; INTERCALATION; CHALLENGES; OXIDES; MN AB Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using plane-wave methods were performed for (Li2TPO4F)-P-M, (LiTPO4F)-P-M, and (TPO4F)-P-M (T-M = V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) to address their feasibility as high-voltage cathode materials (>3.5 V relative to Li metal) for Li ion batteries. We computed their structures, average open circuit voltages, and thermal stabilities for step-wise lithiation/delithation (discharge/charge) reactions. The calculations suggest that associated unit cell volume changes are sufficiently small on average that they should not be a significant detriment to the mechanical stability of the cathode. In the nickel case, the calculated volume change deviates from the series by increasing during the first delithiation step. Furthermore, the volume increases for all these materials during the second delithiation step. The relative volume expansion in the series during delithiation appears related to the degree of mixing between metal d-orbtials and ligand p-orbitals. Predicted average open circuit voltages indicate that these Li-based transition metal fluorophosphates, most of which have yet to be successfully synthesized, are worthy of experimental pursuit as high-voltage cathodes, except for the lower predicted voltage for the reaction Li2VPO4F to LiVPO4F. However, examination of the relative thermal stability of possible undesirable decomposition products such as LiF suggests that in these materials Li extraction efficiency and the reversibility may be low in all but the vanadium phases. C1 [Yu, Jianguo; Rosso, Kevin M.; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Yu, JG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Yu, Jianguo/C-3424-2013 OI Yu, Jianguo/0000-0001-5604-8132 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; U.S. DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research FX This work was conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The computations were performed using resources of the Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), a national scientific user facility sponsored by the U.S. DOE, Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 32 BP 12054 EP 12058 DI 10.1039/c1jm10900f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 802IY UT WOS:000293504500053 ER PT J AU Ding, B Wang, XF Yu, JY Wang, MR AF Ding, Bin Wang, Xianfeng Yu, Jianyong Wang, Moran TI Polyamide 6 composite nano-fiber/net functionalized by polyethyleneimine on quartz crystal microbalance for highly sensitive formaldehyde sensors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NANOFIBROUS MEMBRANES; SENSING PROPERTIES; HUMIDITY; FILM; RECOGNITION; PERFORMANCE; FABRICATION; COATINGS; ARRAYS; MODEL AB A nanostructured complex, polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized polyamide 6 (PA 6) (PEI-PA 6) nano-fiber/net (NFN), is developed as a novel sensing coating on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for highly sensitive formaldehyde detection. The NFN structured substrate comprising common electrospun nanofibers and two-dimensional (2D) spider-web-like nano-nets fabricated by a facile electro-spinning/netting (ESN) process, exhibit large specific surface area, high porosity and large stacking density, which make them optimal candidates for sensing applications. The responses of the sensors in response to formaldehyde were analyzed in terms of PA 6 NFN membranes morphologies, PA 6 substrate and sensing PEI coating loads, and the comparison with nanoporous fibers. Experimental results show that this new PEI-PA 6 NFN nanostructure based QCM sensor exhibits excellent formaldehyde sensing performances in terms of remarkably low detection limit (50 ppb), rapid response, superior selectivity and good reproducibility. We expect the highly sensitive and robust NFN-based QCM sensor may serve as a practical and powerful tool for gas sensing and chemical analysis. C1 [Ding, Bin; Wang, Xianfeng] Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Ding, Bin; Wang, Xianfeng; Yu, Jianyong] Donghua Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Modern Text Inst, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xianfeng] Donghua Univ, Coll Text, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ding, B (reprint author), Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. EM binding@dhu.edu.cn; yujy@dhu.edu.cn RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010; Wang, Xianfeng/I-9846-2014 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50803009]; 111 Project [111-2-04, B07024]; Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology [10JC1400600]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB606103]; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [11ZZ59]; Shanghai Education Commission [10SG32] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50803009), the "111 Project" (No. 111-2-04 and B07024), the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 10JC1400600), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2011CB606103), the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (11ZZ59), and the "Dawn" Program of Shanghai Education Commission (10SG32). NR 50 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 7 U2 60 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 34 BP 12784 EP 12792 DI 10.1039/c1jm11847a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 807LC UT WOS:000293898300030 ER PT J AU Wang, CJ Thompson, RL Ohodnicki, P Baltrus, J Matranga, C AF Wang, Congjun Thompson, Robert L. Ohodnicki, Paul Baltrus, John Matranga, Christopher TI Size-dependent photocatalytic reduction of CO2 with PbS quantum dot sensitized TiO2 heterostructured photocatalysts SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VISIBLE-LIGHT; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; ELECTRON INJECTION; CHARGE-TRANSFER; NANOPARTICLES; FILMS; GOLD; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOREDUCTION; CONVERSION AB The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals, such as CH4, is a promising carbon management approach which can generate revenue from chemical sales to offset the cost of implementing CO2 capture technologies. To make photocatalytic conversion approaches efficient, economically practical, and industrially scalable, catalysts capable of utilizing visible and near infrared (IR) photons need to be developed. Here we investigate the sensitization of TiO2 catalysts using PbS quantum dots (QDs) which lead to the size dependent photocatalytic reduction of CO2 at frequencies ranging from the violet to the orange-red edge of the electromagnetic spectrum (lambda similar to 420 to 610 nm). Under broad band illumination (UV-NIR), the PbS QDs enhance CO2 photoreduction rates with TiO2 by a factor of similar to 5 in comparison to unsensitized photocatalysts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to investigate the deactivation mechanism of the QD sensitizers after prolonged photoexcitation. The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic testing of these PbS sensitized TiO2 heterostructures will aid the development of more robust, visible light active photocatalysts for carbon management applications. C1 [Wang, Congjun; Thompson, Robert L.; Ohodnicki, Paul; Baltrus, John; Matranga, Christopher] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Wang, Congjun; Thompson, Robert L.] URS Corp, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. RP Wang, CJ (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM congjun.wang@ur.netl.doe.gov RI Wang, Congjun/A-9608-2010; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015 OI Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory's under RES [DE-FE0004000] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's on-going research under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. Reference in this work to any specific commercial product is to facilitate understanding and does not necessarily imply endorsement by the US Department of Energy. NR 38 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 10 U2 118 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 35 BP 13452 EP 13457 DI 10.1039/c1jm12367j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 811BJ UT WOS:000294176600043 ER PT J AU Wang, XF Ding, B Yu, JY Wang, MR AF Wang, Xianfeng Ding, Bin Yu, Jianyong Wang, Moran TI Highly sensitive humidity sensors based on electro-spinning/netting a polyamide 6 nano-fiber/net modified by polyethyleneimine SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; SENSING PROPERTIES; NANOFIBROUS MEMBRANES; QCM SENSOR AB A simple and straightforward strategy of depositing a nanostructured complex, based on a polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized polyamide 6 (PA 6) (PEI-PA 6) nano-fiber/net (NFN), on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor for humidity detection is demonstrated. The PA 6 NFN substrate, comprising common electrospun nanofibers and spider-web-like nano-nets fabricated by a versatile electro-spinning/netting (ESN) process, exhibits several fundamental characteristics, such as a remarkable specific surface area, high open porosity and good interconnectivity. Therefore, the sensors based on PEI-PA 6 NFN membranes show high sensitivity and fast response/recovery time to humidity, which outperform current porous structure-based sensors. The frequency changes by approximately three orders of magnitude with relative humidity (RH) varying from 2% to 95%. Moreover, the resultant sensors also presents relatively small hysteresis and long-term stability. For low RH levels, the response of the QCM sensor is dependent on water molecules adsorbed/desorbed masses on NFN membranes, whereas for increasing RH levels variations in interlayer expansion stress of NFN membranes derived from the swelling effect become prevalent. This study demonstrates that NFN structured materials are have potential applications for fabricating high performance humidity sensors. C1 [Wang, Xianfeng; Ding, Bin] Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Ding, Bin] Donghua Univ, Engn Res Ctr Tech Text, Minist Educ, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xianfeng; Ding, Bin; Yu, Jianyong] Donghua Univ, Nanomat Res Ctr, Modern Text Inst, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xianfeng] Donghua Univ, Coll Text, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. [Wang, Moran] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ding, B (reprint author), Donghua Univ, State Key Lab Modificat Chem Fibers & Polymer Mat, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China. EM binding@dhu.edu.cn; yujy@dhu.edu.cn RI Wang, Moran/A-1150-2010; Wang, Xianfeng/I-9846-2014 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50803009, 51173022]; "111 Project" [111-2-04, B07024]; Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology [10JC1400600]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CB606103]; Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [11ZZ59]; Shanghai Education Commission [10SG32] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50803009 and 51173022), the "111 Project" (No. 111-2-04 and B07024), the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (No. 10JC1400600), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2011CB606103), the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (11ZZ59), and the "Dawn" Program of Shanghai Education Commission (10SG32). NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 14 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 40 BP 16231 EP 16238 DI 10.1039/c1jm13037d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 829KZ UT WOS:000295580800054 ER PT J AU Li, XL Cao, YL Qi, W Saraf, LV Xiao, J Nie, ZM Mietek, J Zhang, JG Schwenzer, B Liu, J AF Li, Xiaolin Cao, Yuliang Qi, Wen Saraf, Laxmikant V. Xiao, Jie Nie, Zimin Mietek, Jaroniec Zhang, Ji-Guang Schwenzer, Birgit Liu, Jun TI Optimization of mesoporous carbon structures for lithium-sulfur battery applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE CATHODE MATERIALS; IONIC LIQUID ELECTROLYTE; GLYCOL) DIMETHYL ETHER; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; CYCLE PROPERTY; PERFORMANCE; IMPROVEMENT; NANOTUBES; BINDER AB Mesoporous carbon (MC) with tunable pore sizes (22 nm, 12 nm, 7 nm, and 3 nm) and pore volumes (from 1.3 to 4.8 cm(3) g(-1)) containing sulfur in the pores was studied as a mesoporous carbon-sulfur (MCS) composite electrode for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Systematic investigation of these MCS composites reveals that MC with a larger pore volume can hold a higher maximum sulfur loading, but overall the battery performance is very similar for different MCS composites at full sulfur-filling conditions (i.e., the condition at which the sulfur loading approaches the maximum limit set by the pore volume of the individual MC and, therefore, the pores of each MC are fully filled by sulfur). For the same MC, partial sulfur-filling (i.e., the condition at which the sulfur loading is lower than the maximum limit and, therefore, the pores are only partially filled with sulfur) leads to an improved initial discharge capacity and cycle stability, probably because of improved electrical and ionic transport during electrochemical reactions. Based on this understanding, an MCS composite electrode using MC with a large pore volume, partial sulfur filling, and a novel surface modification was designed for Li-S batteries. An initial capacity of similar to 1390 mA h g(-1) (based on sulfur) and a capacity retention of similar to 840 mA h g(-1) over 100 cycles at a 0.1 C rate were obtained using MC (22 nm, 4.8 cm(3) g(-1)) with 50 wt% sulfur loading and a commercially available Clevios P (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDT/PSS)) coating. C1 [Li, Xiaolin; Cao, Yuliang; Qi, Wen; Saraf, Laxmikant V.; Xiao, Jie; Nie, Zimin; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Schwenzer, Birgit; Liu, Jun] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Cao, Yuliang] Wuhan Univ, Dept Chem, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Qi, Wen] Tianjin Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. [Mietek, Jaroniec] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM Xiaolin.li@pnl.gov; jun.liu@pnl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [KC020105-FWP12152]; Battelle [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under Award KC020105-FWP12152. PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 34 TC 226 Z9 233 U1 17 U2 261 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 41 BP 16603 EP 16610 DI 10.1039/c1jm12979a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 831LW UT WOS:000295733300045 ER PT J AU Zhang, YHP Myung, S You, C Zhu, ZG Rollin, JA AF Zhang, Y-H Percival Myung, Suwan You, Chun Zhu, Zhiguang Rollin, Joseph A. TI Toward low-cost biomanufacturing through in vitro synthetic biology: bottom-up design SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FREE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; CATALYZED ORGANIC-SYNTHESIS; ONE-STEP PRODUCTION; COFACTOR-REGENERATION; ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOFUEL CELLS; PHOSPHITE DEHYDROGENASE; POLYPHOSPHATE KINASE AB While most in vitro synthetic biology projects are usually used for the purposes of basic science research or the formation of high-value products, cell-free synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB), which can implement complicated biochemical reactions by the in vitro assembly of numerous enzymes and coenzymes, would be used for low-cost biomanufacturing. In this article, we present bottom-up design principles for SyPaB from basic building blocks (enzymes and/or immobilized enzymes) to basic modules, such as NAD(P) H regeneration, NAD(P) H consumption, ATP regeneration, and extra ATP removal. A combination of thermostable enzymes (called thermoenzymes) with immobilization on solid supports, especially nano-materials and/or electrodes, would greatly prolong enzyme lifetime, enhance mass transfer, and facilitate product/biocatalyst separation. With developments in stable building blocks and modules (called biocatalytic modules), SyPaB has the potential to become a low-cost biomanufacturing platform for biofuels production and even biological CO2 fixation. C1 [Zhang, Y-H Percival; Myung, Suwan; You, Chun; Zhu, Zhiguang; Rollin, Joseph A.] Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y-H Percival] Virginia Tech, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Zhang, Y-H Percival] DOE Bioenergy Sci Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhang, Y-H Percival; Rollin, Joseph A.] Gate Fuels Inc, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Zhang, YHP (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ypzhang@vt.edu RI You, Chun/D-7656-2013; Zhu, Zhiguang/I-3936-2016 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; MURI; DOE Bioenergy Science Center (BESC); USDA Biodesign and Bioprocess Center; China National Special Fund for Key Laboratories [2060204] FX This work was supported mainly by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and MURI, and partially by DOE Bioenergy Science Center (BESC), USDA Biodesign and Bioprocess Center, and China National Special Fund for Key Laboratories (No. 2060204). NR 124 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2011 VL 21 IS 47 BP 18877 EP 18886 DI 10.1039/c1jm12078f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 851JW UT WOS:000297265800003 ER PT J AU Ozcan, S Tezcan, J Gurung, B Filip, P AF Ozcan, Soydan Tezcan, Jale Gurung, Bijay Filip, Peter TI The effect of heat treatment temperature on the interfacial shear strength of C/C composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED-LIGHT MICROSCOPY; CARBON CARBON COMPOSITES; FIBER-MATRIX ADHESION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; TENSILE-STRENGTH; SINGLE-FIBER; TESTS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS AB This paper investigates the effect of heat treatment temperature on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of carbon/carbon composites reinforced with polyacrylonitrile-based fibers. A series of single fiber push-out tests were performed on specimens heat treated at 1800, 2100, and 2400 A degrees C, using a nanoindenter with a flat ended conical tip. The microstructure was characterized using polarized light and transmission electron microscopy and the debonded fiber/matrix interface was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Wavelet analysis of the load-displacement data was used as an additional tool to investigate the initiation and progression of debonding. Compared to 1800 A degrees C, heat treatment at 2400 A degrees C was associated with a decrease in IFSS, from 12 to 7 MPa. Transmission electron microscopy study showed that the microstructure of the fiber/matrix interphase remained amorphous even with heat treatment at 2400 A degrees C. The decrease in the IFSS can be partly attributed to the reorganization of the graphene sheets in the matrix in the vicinity of fiber/matrix interphase. The thermal expansion mismatch between fiber and pyrocarbon matrix is another possible reason for the observed decrease in the IFSS. C1 [Ozcan, Soydan; Gurung, Bijay; Filip, Peter] So Illinois Univ, Ctr Adv Frict Studies, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Ozcan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM ozcans@ornl.gov OI Ozcan, Soydan/0000-0002-3825-4589 FU National Science Foundation [EEC 3369523372]; U.S. Department of Energy [DEFG02-91-ER45439]; State of Illinois; consortium of 11 industrial partners of the Center for Advanced Friction Studies FX This research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Grant EEC 3369523372), State of Illinois and a consortium of 11 industrial partners of the Center for Advanced Friction Studies (http://frictioncenter.engr.siu.edu). The high-resolution TEM characterization was carried out at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials, University of Illinois, which is partially supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DEFG02-91-ER45439. NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4793-9 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 700PG UT WOS:000285755800002 ER PT J AU Bruno, G Efremov, AM Levandovskyi, AN Clausen, B AF Bruno, Giovanni Efremov, Alexander M. Levandovskyi, Andreyi N. Clausen, Bjorn TI Connecting the macro- and microstrain responses in technical porous ceramics: modeling and experimental validations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YOUNG MODULUS; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; ELASTIC-MODULI; POROSITY DEPENDENCE; TENSILE MODULUS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; STRESS; REFINEMENT; CONSTANTS; BEHAVIOR AB The relation between the macroscopic and the microscopic (lattice) strain response to external uniaxial stress has been investigated for porous ceramics. Analytical and finite element modeling (FEM) have been performed and neutron diffraction data on porous sintered alumina and extruded honeycomb SiC have been used to validate the theoretical approach. By FEM simulations, it is shown that in spite of the complex pore microstructure, shear stresses are small during uniaxial compression. Analytical modeling shows that while the average microscopic stress depends on the applied macroscopic stress only through the porosity p, the average microscopic strain depends on the macroscopic stress through the pore morphology factor m, as well. Novel relationships are proposed to describe this dependence. Analytical calculations and numerical modeling perfectly agree with each other, and both show good consistency with experiments. As predicted, it has been observed that the microscopic (diffraction) Young's modulus does not depend on the pore morphology factor, and follows the rule-of-mixtures, while the microscopic Poisson's ratio does not even depend on porosity, but is equal to the value for the dense material property. A practical implication of these findings is that it is not possible to attach a pore morphology factor to a material, unless the processing conditions are tailored to vary p without varying m. In fact, the different values of m found for the different porosities explain why many models can be used to rationalize the experimental data. With the proposed method, the factor m can be independently evaluated by the use of macro- and micro-elastic properties of the porous body. Analogously, the macroscopic elastic properties of the dense material can be obtained by macroscopic and microscopic values measured on the correspondent porous material. C1 [Bruno, Giovanni] Corning SAS, CETC, F-77210 Avon, France. [Efremov, Alexander M.; Levandovskyi, Andreyi N.] Corning Inc, St Petersburg 194018, Russia. [Clausen, Bjorn] LANL, LANSCE, Lujan Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bruno, G (reprint author), Corning SAS, CETC, 7 Bis Av Valvins, F-77210 Avon, France. EM brunog@corning.com RI Bruno, Giovanni/E-2817-2013; Clausen, Bjorn/B-3618-2015 OI Clausen, Bjorn/0000-0003-3906-846X FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE); DOE [DE AC52 06NA25396] FX Thomas Glasson and Cedric LeGoff (Corning SAS, CETC, Avon, France), Angela Graefe, Andy Schermerhorn, James E. Webb and Lisa Noni (Corning Inc, Painted Post, NY, USA.), Irina Pozdnyakova (CNRS, Orleans, France), and Darren J Hughes (ILL, Grenoble, France), Donald W. Brown and Thomas A. Sisneros (MST-8, LANL, Los Alamos, NM, USA) are kindly acknowledged. This work has benefited from beam time from the Institut LaueLangevin (ILL), Grenoble, France, as well as the use of the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE, which is funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE AC52 06NA25396. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4899-0 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 700PG UT WOS:000285755800018 ER PT J AU Yao, PJ Yang, X Xu, XH Lu, YQ Ji, HF Dai, S AF Yao, Pengjun Yang, Xin Xu, Xiaohe Lu, Yanqing Ji, Hai-Feng Dai, Sheng TI Morphologies and optical properties of nanostructures self-assembled from asymmetrical, amphiphilic perylene derivatives SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHTHALOCYANINE; TRANSISTORS; FIELD; DYES AB Two asymmetrical, amphiphilic perylene derivatives, N-Decyl-perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracaboxylic-3,4-di(methoxyethoxyethyl)ester-9,10-imide (D1E2) and N-(1-Decylundecyl)-perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracaboxylic-3,4-di(methoxyethoxyethyl)ester-9,10-imide (D2E2), have been synthesized and characterized. These compounds contain one long hydrophobic chain on one end and two hydrophilic ethoxy chains on the other end. Self-assembly of these molecules in a variety of solvents has been demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that these compounds self-assembled to various nanostructures in different solvents. The most well-defined structure was flexible nanoribbons obtained from D1E2 precipitation in methanol. The UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of these compounds in solution and solid form are also reported. The self-assembled nanostructures have potential applications in optoelectronics. C1 [Yang, Xin; Xu, Xiaohe; Ji, Hai-Feng] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA. [Yao, Pengjun; Lu, Yanqing] Louisiana Tech Univ, Inst Micromfg, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. [Dai, Sheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ji, HF (reprint author), Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19010 USA. EM hj56@drexel.edu RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [20728506/B05] FX This work was partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 20728506/B05. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4907-4 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 700PG UT WOS:000285755800021 ER PT J AU Cheng, J Vianco, PT Subjeck, J Li, JCM AF Cheng, Jing Vianco, Paul T. Subjeck, Joeseph Li, James C. M. TI An assessment of Sn whiskers and depleted area formation in thin Sn films using quantitative image analysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOLDER JOINTS; GROWTH AB An experimental technique was developed to determine the extent of Sn whisker growth and depleted area formation on evaporated 1 mu m tin (Sn) films. Deformation of the Si substrate placed a controlled magnitude of compressive or tensile stress across the films. Quantitative image analysis was used to monitor whisker growth and size of the depleted areas. The test conditions were: stresses 10-40 MPa; temperature, 180 A degrees C; and time durations, 1-8 weeks. The whisker length increased with compressive stress. The whiskers appeared within the first week, but then did not grow significantly with additional time. Some whiskers were located in the centers of depleted areas. The depleted areas size was not sensitive to the applied stress, but did increase with annealing time. Both Sn whiskers and depleted areas were the result of potentially similar rapid, long-range diffusion processes. However, differing trends suggested that separate driving forces and/or rate kinetics controlled the two phenomena. C1 [Cheng, Jing; Subjeck, Joeseph; Li, James C. M.] Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Vianco, Paul T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cheng, J (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Mat Sci Program, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. EM jicheng@me.rochester.edu FU Sandia National Laboratories [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX This research was supported by Sandia National Laboratories, which is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 46 IS 1 BP 263 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s10853-010-4976-4 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 700PG UT WOS:000285755800029 ER PT J AU Bondar, AN Fischer, S Smith, JC AF Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta Fischer, Stefan Smith, Jeremy C. TI Water Pathways in the Bacteriorhodopsin Proton Pump SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Water; Proton transfer; Bacteriorhodopsin; QM/MM; Reaction path computation ID SOLID-STATE NMR; SCHIFF-BASE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; X-RAY; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE; EXTRACELLULAR SURFACE; THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; L-PHOTOINTERMEDIATE; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES AB Internal water molecules play key roles in the functioning of the light-driven bacteriorhodopsin proton pump. Of particular importance is whether during the proton-pumping cycle the critical water molecule w402 can relocate from the extracellular to the cytoplasmic side of the retinal Schiff base. Here, classical mechanical and combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical reaction path computations are performed to investigate pathways and energetic factors influencing w402 relocation. Hydrogen bonding between w402 and the negatively charged Asp85 and Asp212 largely opposes repositioning of the water molecule. In contrast, favorable contributions from hydrogen bonding of w402 with the Schiff base and Thr89 and from the untwisting of the retinal polyene chain lower the energetic cost for water relocation. The delicate balance between the competing contributions underlies the need for highly accurate calculations and structural information. C1 [Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta; Fischer, Stefan; Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Heidelberg, IWR, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta] German Canc Res Ctr, Dept Mol Biophys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Smith, Jeremy C.] Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Biophys Mol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Bondar, AN (reprint author), Free Univ Berlin, Dept Phys, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM nicoleta.bondar@uci.edu; smithjc@ornl.gov RI smith, jeremy/B-7287-2012 OI smith, jeremy/0000-0002-2978-3227 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SM 63/7]; National Institutes of General Medical Sciences [GM74637, GM-86685]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work was financed in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SM 63/7). ANB was supported by grants GM74637 and GM-86685 from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences. JCS was supported by a Laboratory-Directed Research and Development grant in Systems Biology to Oak Ridge National Laboratory from the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2631 J9 J MEMBRANE BIOL JI J. Membr. Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 239 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.1007/s00232-010-9329-3 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Physiology GA 712KG UT WOS:000286665000009 PM 21113780 ER PT J AU Vijayakumar, M Bhuvaneswari, MS Nachimuthu, P Schwenzer, B Kim, S Yang, ZG Liu, J Graff, GL Thevuthasan, S Hu, JZ AF Vijayakumar, M. Bhuvaneswari, M. S. Nachimuthu, P. Schwenzer, Birgit Kim, Soowhan Yang, Zhenguo Liu, Jun Graff, Gordon L. Thevuthasan, S. Hu, Jianzhi TI Spectroscopic investigations of the fouling process on Nafion membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vanadium redox flow battery; Nafion membrane; XPS; O-17 & F-19 NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy ID PERFLUOROSULFONATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; XPS ANALYSIS; PERFLUORINATED IONOMER; TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS; PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS; EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; OXIDATION-STATES; WATER TRANSPORT; FUEL-CELL; ION AB The Nation membrane is a critical component in redox flow batteries, which are widely investigated for grid-scale energy storage. However, there is very limited understanding of the fundamental properties of the membrane materials in the working environment relevant to redox flow batteries. This paper presents results of the analysis of the Nafion-117 membrane used in a vanadium redox flow battery by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. The XPS study reveals the chemical identity and environment of vanadium cations accumulated at the surface. On the other hand, the O-17 NMR measurement explores the nature of the diffused vanadium cations inside the bulk part of the Nation and shows the chemical bonding of cations and the host membrane. The F-19 NMR shows that the basic Nafion structure is not altered by the vanadium cations diffused inside. Based on these spectroscopic studies, the chemical identity and environment of the diffused vanadium cations in the Nafion membrane are discussed. This study reveals important information on the origin of performance degradation of the membrane materials in vanadium redox flow batteries and provides clues on how to improve the chemistry and properties of the energy storage devices. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Vijayakumar, M.; Bhuvaneswari, M. S.; Nachimuthu, P.; Schwenzer, Birgit; Kim, Soowhan; Yang, Zhenguo; Liu, Jun; Graff, Gordon L.; Thevuthasan, S.; Hu, Jianzhi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hu, JZ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Vijayakumar.Murugesan@pnl.gov; Jianzhi.Hu@pnl.gov RI Murugesan, Vijayakumar/C-6643-2011; Hu, Jian Zhi/F-7126-2012; OI Murugesan, Vijayakumar/0000-0001-6149-1702; Schwenzer, Birgit/0000-0002-7872-1372 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Office of Electricity (OE Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy [DOE]) [57558]; DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX The work is supported by the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development Program of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), and by the Office of Electricity (OE Delivery & Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy [DOE]) under Contract #57558. The NMR and XPS work were carried out at the Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research. PNNL is a multiprogram laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 57 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 9 U2 69 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 366 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 334 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.018 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 701VH UT WOS:000285851600038 ER PT J AU Sorenson, SG Payzant, EA Gibbons, WT Soydas, B Kita, H Noble, RD Falconer, JL AF Sorenson, Stephanie G. Payzant, E. Andrew Gibbons, William T. Soydas, Belma Kita, Hidetoshi Noble, Richard D. Falconer, John L. TI Influence of zeolite crystal expansion/contraction on NaA zeolite membrane separations SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Water/alcohol separations; Pervaporation; X-ray diffraction; Zeolite A crystal; Zeolite expansion/contraction ID GAS PERMEATION PROPERTIES; LIQUID-MIXTURES; A MEMBRANES; PERVAPORATION; WATER; ADSORPTION; REDETERMINATION; SILICALITE; DIFFUSION; ALCOHOL AB In situ powder XRD measurements showed that adsorption causes the NaA zeolite unit cell to contract or expand, and these changes depend on adsorbate loading. Changes in zeolite crystal size correlated with permeation changes through NaA zeolite membranes. These membranes had high water/alcohol pervaporation selectivities, even though gas permeation was mainly through defects, as indicated by Knudsen selectivities for single gas permeation. At 300 K and a thermodynamic activity of 0.03, water contracted the NaA crystals by 0.22 vol%, and this contraction increased the helium flux through two NaA membranes by approximately 80%. Crystal contraction also increased the fluxes of i-butane during vapor permeation and i-propanol (IPA) during pervaporation (similar to 0.03 wt% water). At activities above 0.07, water expanded NaA crystals and correspondingly decreased the fluxes of helium, i-butane, and IPA through NaA zeolite membranes. Methanol also contracted NaA crystals, but by only 0.05 vol% at an activity of 0.02, and this contraction slightly increased the helium and i-butane fluxes through a NaA membrane. Above an activity of 0.06, methanol expanded the NaA crystals, and the fluxes of helium and i-butane through a NaA membrane decreased. These adsorbate-induced changes explain some pervaporation behavior reported by others, and they indicate that crystal expansion and contraction may increase or decrease zeolite NaA membrane selectivity by changing the defect sizes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sorenson, Stephanie G.; Gibbons, William T.; Soydas, Belma; Noble, Richard D.; Falconer, John L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Payzant, E. Andrew] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kita, Hidetoshi] Yamaguchi Univ, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Yamaguchi 7558611, Japan. [Soydas, Belma] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Chem Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Falconer, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.falconer@colorado.edu RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Wettstein, Stephanie/D-2286-2012; OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Gibbons, William/0000-0002-3193-3490 FU American Chemical Society; Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Department of Education; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for partial support of this research. A portion of this research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. We gratefully acknowledge support by a Department of Education GAANN fellowship to SGS, and the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. We thank Dr. Yanfeng Zhang for preparing the zeolite crystals and one of the membranes. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 366 IS 1-2 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.043 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 701VH UT WOS:000285851600049 ER PT J AU Park, JM Kim, TG Constant, K Ho, KM AF Park, Joong-Mok Kim, Tae-Geun Constant, Kristen Ho, Kai-Ming TI Fabrication of submicron metallic grids with interference and phase-mask holography SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE holographic interferometry; photonic bandgap materials; complex nanostructures; fabrication and characterization nanoscale materials; methods of micro- and nanofabrication ID SUBWAVELENGTH HOLE ARRAYS; LITHOGRAPHY; MICROSTRUCTURES; TRANSMISSION; SYMMETRY; EXPOSURE AB Complex, submicron Cu metallic mesh nanostructures are made by electrochemical deposition using polymer templates made from photoresist. The polymer templates are fabricated with photoresist using two- beam interference holography and phase mask holography with three diffracted beams. Freestanding metallic mesh structures are made in two separate electrodepositions with perpendicular photoresist grating templates. Cu mesh square nanostructures having large (52.6%) open areas are also made by single electrodeposition with a photoresist template made with a phase mask. These structures have potential as electrodes in photonic devices. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3541794] C1 [Park, Joong-Mok; Constant, Kristen; Ho, Kai-Ming] US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Park, Joong-Mok; Ho, Kai-Ming] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kim, Tae-Geun] Korea Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. [Constant, Kristen] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Park, JM (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, 317 Zaffarano, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM joongmok@iastate.edu RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 FU Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Iowa State University for the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0207-CH11358]; Korean Government (MOEHRD) [KRF-2008-D00074]; Korea government (MOST) [F012007-00011760-0] FX This work is supported by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. The Ames Laboratory is operated by Iowa State University for the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0207-CH11358. This work also was supported by a Korea Research Foundation grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (Grant No. KRF-2008-D00074) and partly supported by a Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MOST) under Project No. F012007-00011760-0. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 AR 013011 DI 10.1117/1.3541794 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA 742LK UT WOS:000288944900020 ER PT J AU Caleman, C Bergh, M Scott, HA Spence, JCH Chapman, HN Timneanu, N AF Caleman, Carl Bergh, Magnus Scott, Howard A. Spence, John C. H. Chapman, Henry N. Timneanu, Nicusor TI Simulations of radiation damage in biomolecular nanocrystals induced by femtosecond X-ray pulses SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE radiation damage; X-ray free electron laser; molecular dynamics; non-LTE ID FREE-ELECTRON LASER; PROTEIN NANOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; PLASMAS; IONIZATION; DYNAMICS; OPERATION; CASCADES; GROMACS; IMPACT AB The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) is the first X-ray free electron laser to achieve lasing at subnanometer wavelengths (6 angstrom). LCLS is poised to reach even shorter wavelengths (1.5 angstrom) and thus holds the promise of single molecular imaging at atomic resolution. The initial operation at a photon energy of 2 keV provides the possibility to perform the first experiments on damage to biological particles, and to assess the limitations to coherent imaging of biological samples, which are directly relevant at atomic resolution. In this paper we theoretically investigate the damage formation and detection possibilities for a biological crystal, by employing and comparing two different damage models with complementary strengths. Molecular dynamics provides a discrete approach which investigates structural details at the atomic level by tracking all atoms in the real space. Our continuum model is based on a non-local thermodynamics equilibrium code with atomic kinetics and radiation transfer and can treat hydrodynamic expansion of the entire system. The latter approach captures the essential features of atomic displacements, without taking into account structural information and intrinsic atomic movements. This proves to be a powerful computational tool for many samples, including biological crystals, which will be studied with X-ray free electron lasers. C1 [Timneanu, Nicusor] Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. [Caleman, Carl; Chapman, Henry N.] DESY, Ctr Free Elect Laser Sci, Coherent Imaging Div, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Bergh, Magnus] Swedish Def Res Agcy, SE-14725 Tumba, Sweden. [Scott, Howard A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Spence, John C. H.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Chapman, Henry N.] Univ Hamburg, DE-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Timneanu, N (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, Box 596, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. EM nicusor@xray.bmc.uu.se RI Timneanu, Nicusor/C-7691-2012; Chapman, Henry/G-2153-2010 OI Timneanu, Nicusor/0000-0001-7328-0400; Chapman, Henry/0000-0002-4655-1743 FU Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Swedish Research Foundation; Helmholtz Association through the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science; NSF [MCB-1021557]; Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing; UPPMAX [p2009018] FX This material is published by permission of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) www.llnl.gov under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. The U. S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, non-exclusive, and irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.; The Swedish Research Foundation is acknowledged for financial support, as well as the Helmholtz Association through the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, and NSF award MCB-1021557. The Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing, UPPMAX (project p2009018) and David van der Spoel are gratefully acknowledged for support with computational resources. Prepared in part by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 16 SI SI BP 1486 EP 1497 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.597519 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 833FC UT WOS:000295866700013 ER PT J AU Carmele, A Kabuss, J Richter, M Knorr, A Chow, WW AF Carmele, Alexander Kabuss, Julia Richter, Marten Knorr, Andreas Chow, Weng W. TI Quantum optics in a semiconductor quantum dot SO JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS LA English DT Article DE quantum dots; photon statistics; cluster expansion; phonons; anti-bunching ID SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCES AB A many-body theory for quantum optics in a semiconductor quantum dot strongly coupled to cavity field and phonon bath is presented. We discuss the slow convergence of the typical cluster expansion and present an exactly solvable model for the combined electron, photon and phonon dynamics. C1 [Carmele, Alexander; Kabuss, Julia; Richter, Marten; Knorr, Andreas] Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys Nichtlineare Opt & Quantenelekt, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Chow, Weng W.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carmele, A (reprint author), Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Theoret Phys Nichtlineare Opt & Quantenelekt, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. EM alex@itp.tu-berlin.de RI Richter, Marten/B-7790-2008 OI Richter, Marten/0000-0003-4160-1008 FU Sandia's Solid-State Lighting Science Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC); U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Deutsche [Sonderforschungbereich (SFB) 787] FX This work is funded in parts by the Sandia's Solid-State Lighting Science Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Deutsche Sonderforschungbereich (SFB) 787. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0340 J9 J MOD OPTIC JI J. Mod. Opt. PY 2011 VL 58 IS 21 SI SI BP 1951 EP 1956 DI 10.1080/09500340.2011.596630 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 866RK UT WOS:000298399200009 ER PT J AU Dai, Q Zou, B Yu, WW Seo, J Hu, MZ AF Dai, Quanqin Zou, Bo Yu, William W. Seo, Jaetae Hu, Michael Z. TI Nanocrystals-Related Synthesis, Assembly, and Energy Applications SO JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Dai, Quanqin; Hu, Michael Z.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zou, Bo] Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Superhard Mat, Changchun 130012, Peoples R China. [Yu, William W.] Rice Univ, Ctr Biol & Environm Nanotechnol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Seo, Jaetae] Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Dai, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM connectdai@hotmail.com RI Zou, Bo/C-6926-2008; OI Zou, Bo/0000-0002-3215-1255; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-4110 J9 J NANOMATER JI J. Nanomater. PY 2011 AR 237050 DI 10.1155/2011/237050 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 728NL UT WOS:000287880700001 ER PT J AU Podsiadlo, P Krylova, GV Demortiere, A Shevchenko, EV AF Podsiadlo, Paul Krylova, Galyna V. Demortiere, Arnaud Shevchenko, Elena V. TI Multicomponent periodic nanoparticle superlattices SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Self-assembly; Interparticle forces; Colloidal crystals; Nanoparticles; Superlattices; Future perspective; Nanopatterning; Surface science ID BINARY NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; 2 DIFFERENT SIZES; PEPTIDE-AMPHIPHILE NANOFIBERS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; ENTROPY-DRIVEN FORMATION; CLOSE-PACKED STRUCTURES; HARD-SPHERE COLLOIDS; SELF-ORGANIZATION; COPT3 NANOCRYSTALS; PHOTONIC CRYSTALS AB In this article, we review the state-of-the-art in the preparation and characterization of multicomponent self-assembled superlattices of colloidal nanoparticles with core sizes in the range of 2-20 nm and interparticle spacing less than 2 nm down to intimate contact stemming from sintering. Several aspects of the field are discussed, including: structural organization, the role of particle size distribution, key interparticle forces at play, and methods of investigation of the structures. Contrary to the extensively studied colloidal crystals composed of microscale particles, the nanoparticles possess unique size-dependent properties, such as electronic, optical, or magnetic, which when combined into periodic structures can potentially lead to new collective states stemming from precise positioning of the nanocolloids. As such, we examine a number of emerging applications of this new class of metamaterials. Finally, we speculate on the potential impact of these materials, the new directions, and the challenges for the researchers. C1 [Podsiadlo, Paul; Krylova, Galyna V.; Demortiere, Arnaud; Shevchenko, Elena V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Podsiadlo, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ppodsiadlo@anl.gov; eshevchenko@anl.gov FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Argonne National Laboratory FX Work at the Center for Nanoscale Materials is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. P.P. acknowledges the support of Willard Frank Libby postdoctoral fellowship from Argonne National Laboratory. NR 132 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 7 U2 89 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 13 IS 1 BP 15 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11051-010-0174-1 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 712LA UT WOS:000286667000002 ER PT J AU Li, XC Shu, XL Liu, YN Gao, F Lu, GH AF Li, Xiao-Chun Shu, Xiaolin Liu, Yi-Nan Gao, F. Lu, Guang-Hong TI Modified analytical interatomic potential for a W-H system with defects SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TRANSITION-METALS; AB-INITIO; TUNGSTEN; SURFACE; ENERGY; DEUTERIUM; RETENTION; HYDROGEN; SINGLE AB We construct modified W-H and W-W analytical bond-order potentials for a W-H system. In combination with Brenner's H-H potential, we demonstrate that such potentials can reproduce energetics and structural properties of W and W-H systems, including defect formation energies, surface energies and diffusion barriers as well as melting point determined from first-principles or experiments. The present potentials can be employed for modelling the behaviour of H in W containing defects such as vacancies and surfaces. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Xiao-Chun; Shu, Xiaolin; Liu, Yi-Nan; Lu, Guang-Hong] Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dept Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Gao, F.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, GH (reprint author), Beijing Univ Aeronaut & Astronaut, Dept Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. EM lgh@buaa.edu.cn RI Gao, Fei/H-3045-2012 FU National Magnetic Confinement Fusion [2009GB106003]; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [50871009]; US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830] FX This work has been supported by National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program with Grant No. 2009GB106003 and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant No. 50871009. F. Gao is grateful for the support by the US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Science, under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. NR 53 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 408 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.10.020 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 710VH UT WOS:000286544600003 ER PT J AU del Rio, E Sampedro, JM Dogo, H Caturla, MJ Caro, M Caro, A Perlado, JM AF del Rio, Emma Sampedro, Jesus M. Dogo, Harun Caturla, Maria J. Caro, Magdalena Caro, Alfredo Manuel Perlado, J. TI Formation energy of vacancies in FeCr alloys: Dependence on Cr concentration SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; ALPHA-IRON; IRRADIATION; SIMULATION AB A modified version of the concentration-dependent model (CDM) potential (A. Caro et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 075702) [1] has been developed to study defects in Fe-Cr for different Cr concentrations. A comparison between this new potential and DFT results for a variety of point defect configurations is performed in order to test its reliability for radiation damage studies. The effect of Cr concentration on the vacancy formation energy in Fe-Cr alloys is analyzed in detail. This study shows a linear dependence of the vacancy formation energy on Cr concentration for values above 6% of Cr. However, the formation energy deviates from the linear interpolation in the region below 6% Cr concentration. In order to understand this behavior, the influence of the relative positions between Cr atoms and vacant sites on the vacancy formation energy has been studied. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [del Rio, Emma; Sampedro, Jesus M.; Manuel Perlado, J.] Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. [Dogo, Harun; Caro, Magdalena; Caro, Alfredo] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Caturla, Maria J.] Univ Alicante, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Aplicada, E-03690 Alicante, Spain. RP del Rio, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, Inst Fus Nucl, C Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. EM emma.delrio@upm.es; MJ.Caturla@ua.es; caro@lanl.gov RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012; OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553; RIO REDONDO, EMMA DEL/0000-0002-6854-1087 FU European Commission [212175]; VI Spanish National Project [ENE2008-06403-C06-06]; European Union [08/061]; European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA); US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [2008LANL1026] FX We thank Lorenzo Malerba and Par Olsson for valuable discussions. This work has been partially supported by the European Commission within the FP7 project GETMAT (Grant agreement number 212175), the VI Spanish National Project ENE2008-06403-C06-06, the European Union Keep in Touch Program on Inertial Confinement Fusion (ref. 08/061), and the European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA). Alfredo Caro was supported by the Center for Materials at Irradiation and Mechanical Extremes, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy (Award Number 2008LANL1026) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This work also contributes to the International Atomic Energy Agency CRP SMoRE program. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 408 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.10.021 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 710VH UT WOS:000286544600004 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Anderson, C George, S AF Naulleau, Patrick Anderson, Chris George, Simi TI EUV Resists: Illuminating the Challenges SO JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE photoresist; extreme ultraviolet; shot noise; line-edge roughness ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; MASK-ROUGHNESS AB As extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography enters the commercialization phase with potential introduction at the 3x nm half-pitch node in 2013, the attention of advanced EUV resist research has turned to addressing patterning at 16-nm half pitch and below. Whereas line-edge roughness is the primary concern at 2x half pitch and larger, research at the 16-nm half pitch level is uncovering broader. C1 [Naulleau, Patrick; Anderson, Chris; George, Simi] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anderson, Christopher/H-9526-2015 OI Anderson, Christopher/0000-0002-2710-733X FU SEMATECH through the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors are greatly indebted to the CXRO MET team including Paul Denham, Gideon Jones, Lone-mae Baclea-an, and Nate Smith. This work was funded by SEMATECH and the author thanks Bryan Rice and Stefan Wurm for continued support of the SEMATECH MET exposure facility at the Advanced Light Source. The work was performed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source synchrotron facility and was supported by SEMATECH through the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU TECHNICAL ASSOC PHOTOPOLYMERS,JAPAN PI CHIBA PA CHIBA UNIV, FACULTY ENGINEERING, YAYOICHO, CHIBA, 263-8522, JAPAN SN 0914-9244 J9 J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC JI J. Photopolym Sci. Technol. PY 2011 VL 24 IS 6 BP 637 EP 642 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 873QL UT WOS:000298898000005 ER PT J AU Lu, ZG Hardy, J Templeton, J Stevenson, J AF Lu, Zigui Hardy, John Templeton, Jared Stevenson, Jeffry TI New insights in the polarization resistance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 cathodes SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE LSCF cathode; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Operating voltage; Tafel; Concentration polarization ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE; COMPOSITE CATHODES; ELECTRODES; STABILITY; MECHANISM; KINETICS; DESIGN; SOFCS AB In this study, the polarization resistance of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) cathodes was investigated by I-V sweep and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under a series of operating voltages and cathode environments (i.e. stagnant air, flowing air, and flowing oxygen) at temperatures from 550 degrees C to 750 degrees C. In flowing oxygen, the polarization resistance of the fuel cell decreased considerably with the applied current density. A linear relationship was observed between the ohmic-free over-potential and the logarithm of the current density of the fuel cell at all the measuring temperatures. In stagnant or flowing air, an arc related to the molecular oxygen diffusion through the majority species (molecular nitrogen) present in the pores of the cathode was identified at high temperatures and high current densities. The magnitude of this arc increased linearly with the applied current density due to the decreased oxygen partial pressure at the interface of the cathode and the electrolyte. It is found that the performance of the fuel cell in air is mainly determined by the oxygen diffusion process. Elimination of this process by flowing pure oxygen to the cathode improved the cell performance significantly. At 750 degrees C, for a fuel cell with a laser-deposited Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) interlayer, an extraordinarily high power density of 2.6W cm(-2) at 0.7 V was achieved in flowing oxygen, as a result of reduced ohmic and polarization resistance of the fuel cell, which were 0.06 Omega cm(2) and 0.03 Omega cm(2), respectively. The results indicate that microstructural optimization of the LSCF cathode or adoption of a new cell design which can mitigate the oxygen diffusion limitation in the cathode might enhance cell performance significantly. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lu, Zigui; Hardy, John; Templeton, Jared; Stevenson, Jeffry] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lu, ZG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, K2-03, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM zigui.lu@pnl.gov RI Hardy, John/E-1938-2016; OI Hardy, John/0000-0002-1699-3196; Lu, Zigui/0000-0001-9848-7088 FU US Department of Energy's Solid-state Energy Conversion Alliance Core Technology Program FX This work was supported by the US Department of Energy's Solid-state Energy Conversion Alliance Core Technology Program. The authors would like to thank Daniel Fisher at the University of Houston for preparation of the dense SDC interlayer by pulsed laser deposition. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 1 SI SI BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.054 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 658MC UT WOS:000282493100004 ER PT J AU Ryan, EM Tartakovsky, AM Recknagle, KP Khaleel, MA Amon, C AF Ryan, E. M. Tartakovsky, A. M. Recknagle, K. P. Khaleel, M. A. Amon, C. TI Pore-scale modeling of the reactive transport of chromium in the cathode of a solid oxide fuel cell SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Solid oxide fuel cell; Computational modeling; Chromium poisoning; Reactive transport; Competitive adsorption ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; OXYGEN TRACER DIFFUSION; METALLIC INTERCONNECT; ALLOY SEPARATOR; POROUS-MEDIA; DUSTY-GAS; SOFC; ANODE; ADSORPTION; REDUCTION AB We present a pore-scale model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode. Volatile chromium species are known to migrate from the current collector of the SOFC into the cathode where over time they decrease the voltage output of the fuel cell. A pore-scale model is used to investigate the reactive transport of chromium species in the cathode and to study the driving forces of chromium poisoning. A multi-scale modeling approach is proposed which uses a cell level model of the cathode, air channel and current collector to determine the boundary conditions for a pore-scale model of a section of the cathode. The pore-scale model uses a discrete representation of the cathode to explicitly model the surface reactions of oxygen and chromium with the cathode material. The pore-scale model is used to study the reaction mechanisms of chromium by considering the effects of reaction rates, diffusion coefficients, chromium vaporization, and oxygen consumption on chromium's deposition in the cathode. The study shows that chromium poisoning is most significantly affected by the chromium reaction rates in the cathode and that the reaction rates are a function of the local current density in the cathode. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ryan, E. M.; Tartakovsky, A. M.; Recknagle, K. P.; Khaleel, M. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ryan, E. M.; Amon, C.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Amon, C.] Univ Toronto, Fac Engn & Appl Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada. RP Ryan, EM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Math Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM emily.ryan@pnl.gov; alexandre.tartakovsky@pnl.gov; kp.recknagle@pnl.gov; moe.khaleel@pnl.gov; dean@ecf.utoronto.ca RI Ryan, Emily/I-8183-2015; OI Ryan, Emily/0000-0001-6111-3269; khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 FU U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory; National Science Foundation; Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC06-76RL01830] FX The work presented in this paper was funded as part of the Solid-State Energy Conversion Alliance Core Technology Program by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory.; The first author was also supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.; The second author was supported by a Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.; The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle under contract DE-AC06-76RL01830. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 EI 1873-2755 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 1 SI SI BP 287 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.030 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 658MC UT WOS:000282493100037 ER PT J AU Sethuraman, VA Kowolik, K Srinivasan, V AF Sethuraman, Vijay A. Kowolik, Kristin Srinivasan, Venkat TI Increased cycling efficiency and rate capability of copper-coated silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Alloy anodes; Copper coating; Cycling efficiency; Lithium-ion batteries; Rate capability; Silicon anodes ID THIN-FILMS; INSERTION/EXTRACTION REACTION; CARBON-FIBER; LI; ELECTRODE; GRAPHITE; SI; SURFACE; POWDER AB Cycling efficiency and rate capability of porous copper-coated, amorphous silicon thin-film negative electrodes are compared to equivalent silicon thin-film electrodes in lithium-ion batteries. The presence of a copper layer coated on the active material plays a beneficial role in increasing the cycling efficiency and the rate capability of silicon thin-film electrodes. Between 3C and C/8 discharge rates, the available cell energy decreased by 8% and 18% for 40 nm copper-coated silicon and equivalent silicon thin-film electrodes, respectively. Copper-coated silicon thin-film electrodes also show higher cycling efficiency, resulting in lower capacity fade, than equivalent silicon thin-film electrodes. We believe that copper appears to act as a glue that binds the electrode together and prevents the electronic isolation of silicon particles, thereby decreasing capacity loss. Rate capability decreases significantly at higher copper coating thicknesses as the silicon active material is not accessed, suggesting that the thickness and porosity of the copper coating need to be optimized for enhanced capacity retention and rate capability in this system. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sethuraman, Vijay A.] Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Sethuraman, Vijay A.; Kowolik, Kristin; Srinivasan, Venkat] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sethuraman, VA (reprint author), Brown Univ, Div Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM vj@cal.berkeley.edu; vsrinivasan@lbl.gov RI Sethuraman, Vijay/E-5702-2010 OI Sethuraman, Vijay/0000-0003-4624-1355 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies; United States Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; United States National Science Foundation [DMR0520651] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies, the United States Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the National Center for Electron Microscopy at LBNL, which is supported by the United States Department of Energy, under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors acknowledge the Micro-fabrication Laboratory at the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, for the fabrication of thin-film electrodes. The authors thank Xiangyun Song (LBNL) for assistance with electron microscopy measurements. VAS gratefully acknowledges the support by the Materials Research, Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) sponsored by the United States National Science Foundation, under contract no. DMR0520651. Helpful discussions with Professor Pradeep R. Guduru (Brown University) are gratefully acknowledged. NR 24 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 6 U2 135 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 1 SI SI BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.043 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 658MC UT WOS:000282493100050 ER PT J AU Renganathan, S White, RE AF Renganathan, Sindhuja White, Ralph E. TI Semianalytical method of solution for solid phase diffusion in lithium ion battery electrodes: Variable diffusion coefficient SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE Integral transform technique; Semianalytical method; Lithium ion battery electrode; Nonlinear diffusion; Spherical coordinate ID STRESS GENERATION; MOVING-BOUNDARY; INTERCALATION; DISCHARGE; CHARGE; MODEL; IMPEDANCE; TRANSPORT; FRACTURE; MEDIA AB A semianalytical methodology based on the integral transform technique is proposed to solve the diffusion equation with concentration dependent diffusion coefficient in a spherical intercalation electrode particle. The method makes use of an integral transform pair to transform the nonlinear partial differential equation into a set of ordinary differential equations, which is solved with less computational efforts. A general solution procedure is presented and two illustrative examples are used to demonstrate the usefulness of this method for modeling of diffusion process in lithium ion battery electrode. The solutions obtained using the method presented in this study are compared to the numerical solutions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Renganathan, Sindhuja; White, Ralph E.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Renganathan, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94706 USA. EM SRenganathan@lbl.gov; white@cec.sc.edu FU National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) [NRO-000-03-C-0122] FX The authors are grateful for the financial support of this project provided by the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) under contract # NRO-000-03-C-0122. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 196 IS 1 SI SI BP 442 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.081 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 658MC UT WOS:000282493100056 ER PT J AU Shui, WQ Petzold, CJ Redding, A Liu, J Pitcher, A Sheu, L Hsieh, TY Keasling, JD Bertozzi, CR AF Shui, Wenqing Petzold, Christopher J. Redding, Alyssa Liu, Jun Pitcher, Austin Sheu, Leslie Hsieh, Tsung-yen Keasling, Jay D. Bertozzi, Carolyn R. TI Organelle Membrane Proteomics Reveals Differential Influence of Mycobacterial Lipoglycans on Macrophage Phagosome Maturation and Autophagosome Accumulation SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Phagosome; autophagosome; membrane proteome; mycobacterial lipoglycans; mannosecapped LAM ID TUBERCULOSIS PHAGOSOME; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; INFECTED MACROPHAGES; EARLY ENDOSOMES; DISTINCT ROLES; ISOBARIC TAGS; LIPOARABINOMANNAN; TRAFFICKING; BIOGENESIS AB The mycobacterial cell wall component lipoarabinomannan (LAM) has been described as one of the key virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Modification of the terminal arabinan residues of this lipoglycan with mannose caps in M. tuberculosis or with phosphoinositol caps in Mycobacterium smegmatis results in distinct host immune responses. Given that M. tuberculosis typically persists in the phagosomal vacuole after being phagocytosed by macrophages, we performed a proteomic analysis of that organelle after treatment of macrophages with LAMs purified from the two mycobacterial species. The quantitative changes in phagosomal proteins suggested a distinct role for mannose-capped LAM in modulating protein trafficking pathways that contribute to the arrest of phagosome maturation. Enlightened by our proteomic data, we performed further experiments to show that only the LAM from M. tuberculosis inhibits accumulation of autophagic vacuoles in the macrophage, suggesting a new function for this virulence-associated lipid. C1 [Shui, Wenqing] Nankai Univ, Coll Life Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. [Pitcher, Austin; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sheu, Leslie; Hsieh, Tsung-yen; Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Liu, Jun] Bayer HealthCare LLC, Biol Prod Div, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Petzold, Christopher J.; Redding, Alyssa; Keasling, Jay D.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bertozzi, Carolyn R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Petzold, Christopher J.; Redding, Alyssa; Keasling, Jay D.] Joint BioEnergy Inst, Emeryville, CA 94720 USA. RP Shui, WQ (reprint author), Nankai Univ, Coll Life Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. EM angelshui@nankai.edu.cn; keasling@berkeley.edu; crb@berkeley.edu RI Keasling, Jay/J-9162-2012 OI Keasling, Jay/0000-0003-4170-6088 FU National Institutes of Health [AI51622]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank Dr. Patrick Fitzgerald (St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN) for the gift of LC3-GFP-expressing RAW cells and Dr. Hu Cang for assistance with proteomic data analysis. This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (AI51622) and a grant from the GTL program of the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC02-05CH11231). NR 59 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 10 IS 1 BP 339 EP 348 DI 10.1021/pr100688h PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 701IQ UT WOS:000285812000039 PM 21105745 ER PT J AU McClarren, RG Wohlbier, JG AF McClarren, Ryan G. Woehlbier, John G. TI Solutions for ion-electron-radiation coupling with radiation and electron diffusion SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Radiative transfer; Electron-ion coupling; Three temperature equations; Verification solutions ID BENCHMARK; SCATTERING AB We present semi-analytic solutions to the equations for radiation-electron-ion coupling, the so-called 3-T equations. Our solutions use a linearization based on Pomraning's form for the heat capacity given by C-v alpha T-e(3) with additional stipulations for the electron heat conduction and ion-electron coupling coefficients. To solve the linearized equations we use integral transform techniques and compute a Fourier integral numerically. We give solutions for a 3-T version and a 2-T with heat conduction version of the Su-Olson problem as well as solutions for spherical and spherical shell sources. We use the xRage radiation hydrodynamics code to demonstrate that our solutions are useful for code verification in multiple dimensions and axisymmetric geometries. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McClarren, Ryan G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Woehlbier, John G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Phys Grp CCS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McClarren, RG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rgm@tamu.edu FU DOE NNSA [DEFC52-08NA28616]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC52-06NA25396, LA-UR 10-01969] FX The contributions of R.G. McClarren were supported by the DOE NNSA under the Predictive Science Academic Alliance Program by Grant DEFC52-08NA28616. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC. (LANS) for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract Number DE-AC52-06NA25396, LA-UR 10-01969. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 112 IS 1 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.08.015 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 690AK UT WOS:000284972100012 ER PT J AU Duan, YH AF Duan, Yuhua TI Electronic structural and electrochemical properties of lithium zirconates and their capabilities of CO2 capture: A first-principles density-functional theory and phonon dynamics approach SO JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE SORPTION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; AB-INITIO; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; RELATIVE STABILITY; SILICATE PELLETS; TEMPERATURE; LI2ZRO3; ABSORPTION; KINETICS AB Lithium zirconates have attracted researchers' interests because they can also be used as solid sorbents for CO2 capture. The structural, electronic, and phonon properties of Li2ZrO3, Li6Zr2O7, and monoclinic phase ZrO2 are investigated by the density-functional theory and phonon dynamics. Their electrochemical properties and their thermodynamics of CO2 absorption/desorption are analyzed. The calculated results show that their optimized structures and calculated bulk moduli as well as cohesive energies are in good agreement with experimental measurements. The calculated band gaps are 3.90 eV (indirect), 3.98 eV (direct), and 3.76 eV (direct) for Li2ZrO3, Li6Zr2O7, and ZrO2, respectively. The calculated Li intercalation voltage and energy densities of Li2ZrO3 are higher than that of Li6Zr2O7, which indicates that as a cathode material Li2ZrO3 is better than Li6Zr2O7. The calculated phonon dispersions and density of states show that there is one soft mode in Li2ZrO3 and two soft modes in Li6Zr2O7. From the calculated thermodynamic properties of these two lithium zirconates reacting with CO2, we found that the performance of Li2ZrO3 as a CO2 sorbent is better than that of Li6Zr2O7. In the first half cycle, sorbents absorbing CO2 to form lithium carbonate, Li6Zr2O7 performs better than Li2ZrO3 because the former releases more heat of reaction and has a lower Gibbs free energy and a higher CO2 capture capacity. However, during the second half cycle, regenerating sorbent from carbonate and zirconia to release CO2, the main product is the thermodynamically favorable Li2ZrO3 rather than forming Li6Zr2O7. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3529427] C1 [Duan, Yuhua] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Duan, Yuhua] URS Corp, South Pk, PA 15129 USA. RP Duan, YH (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM yuhua.duan@netl.doe.gov RI Duan, Yuhua/D-6072-2011 OI Duan, Yuhua/0000-0001-7447-0142 FU National Energy Technology Laboratory's Office of Research and Development [DE-FE-0004000] FX This work was performed in support of the National Energy Technology Laboratory's Office of Research and Development under Contract No. DE-FE-0004000 with activity number 4000.2.660.241.001. The author thanks Dr. H. P. Loh and R. Anderson for reading the manuscript, Dr. D. C. Sorescu, Dr. H. W. Pennline, and Dr. S. Chen for their fruitful discussions, and Professor K. Palinski for communication discussions on phonon calculations, especially dealing with soft modes. NR 74 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1941-7012 J9 J RENEW SUSTAIN ENER JI J. Renew. Sustain. Energy PD JAN 1 PY 2011 VL 3 IS 1 AR 013102 DI 10.1063/1.3529427 PG 17 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Energy & Fuels SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Energy & Fuels GA 727OY UT WOS:000287812000003 ER PT J AU Goldsbury, C Baxa, U Simon, MN Steven, AC Engel, A Wall, JS Aebi, U Muller, SA AF Goldsbury, Claire Baxa, Ulrich Simon, Martha N. Steven, Alasdair C. Engel, Andreas Wall, Joseph S. Aebi, Ueli Mueller, Shirley A. TI Amyloid structure and assembly: Insights from scanning transmission electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Amyloid; Mass measurement; Fibril; Filament; Oligomer; Protein aggregation; Electron microscopy; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; STEM; Alzheimer Disease; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Prion; Scrapie; Yeast; Fungi ID PAIRED HELICAL FILAMENTS; BETA-SHEET STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; URE2P PRION FILAMENTS; NEURONAL CELL-DEATH; SOLID-STATE NMR; HET-S PRION; IN-VITRO; A-BETA AB Amyloid fibrils are filamentous protein aggregates implicated in several common diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and type II diabetes. Similar structures are also the molecular principle of the infectious spongiform encephalopathies such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep, and of the so-called yeast prions, inherited non-chromosomal elements found in yeast and fungi. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is often used to delineate the assembly mechanism and structural properties of amyloid aggregates. In this review we consider specifically contributions and limitations of STEM for the investigation of amyloid assembly pathways, fibril polymorphisms and structural models of amyloid fibrils. This type of microscopy provides the only method to directly measure the mass-per-length (MPL) of individual filaments. Made on both in vitro assembled and ex vivo samples, STEM mass measurements have illuminated the hierarchical relationships between amyloid fibrils and revealed that polymorphic fibrils and various globular oligomers can assemble simultaneously from a single polypeptide. The MPLs also impose strong constraints on possible packing schemes, assisting in molecular model building when combined with high-resolution methods like solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Simon, Martha N.; Wall, Joseph S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Goldsbury, Claire] Univ Sydney, Brain & Mind Res Inst, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Baxa, Ulrich; Steven, Alasdair C.] NIAMSD, Struct Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Engel, Andreas; Mueller, Shirley A.] Univ Basel, Ctr Cellular Imaging & Nanoanalyt, Biozentrum, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland. [Engel, Andreas; Aebi, Ueli; Mueller, Shirley A.] Univ Basel, ME Muller Inst Struct Biol, Biozentrum, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Wall, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wall@bnl.gov; shirley.mueller@unibas.ch FU Swiss National Foundation [3100A0-108299]; Maurice E Muller Foundation of Switzerland; NIAMS, National Institutes of Health; USDOE-OHER (Department of Energy, Office of Health and Environmental Research) FX We thank all current and past operators of the Basel STEM for their contributions to the cited work and Robert Haring, Robert Wyss and Roland Burki for maintenance of the instrument and its computer system. We thank Robert Tycko, Beat Meier and David Eisenberg for data and images adapted in Figs. 2 and 4. The Basel STEM has been continuously supported by Swiss National Foundation grants (present Grant: 3100A0-108299 to A.E.) and by the Maurice E Muller Foundation of Switzerland. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of NIAMS, National Institutes of Health. The BNL STEM is supported by USDOE-OHER (Department of Energy, Office of Health and Environmental Research). NR 98 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 39 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 173 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.09.018 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 705JB UT WOS:000286123600001 PM 20868754 ER PT J AU Hanssen, E Knoechel, C Klonis, N Abu-Bakar, N Deed, S LeGros, M Larabell, C Tilley, L AF Hanssen, Eric Knoechel, Christian Klonis, Nectarios Abu-Bakar, Nurhidanatasha Deed, Samantha LeGros, Mark Larabell, Carolyn Tilley, Leann TI Cryo transmission X-ray imaging of the malaria parasite, P. falciparum SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium; Digestive vacuole; Hemoglobin uptake; Cryo X-ray tomography; Soft X-ray microscopy ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; ENDOPEROXIDE ANTIMALARIALS; ELECTRON TOMOGRAPHY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; ARTEMISININ; HEME; TRAFFICKING; ULTRASTRUCTURE AB Cryo transmission X-ray microscopy in the "water window" of photon energies has recently been introduced as a method that exploits the natural contrast of biological samples. We have used cryo tomographic X-ray imaging of the intra-erythrocytic malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, to undertake a survey of the cellular features of this important human pathogen. We examined whole hydrated cells at different stages of growth and defined some of the structures with different X-ray density, including the parasite nucleus, cytoplasm, digestive vacuole and the hemoglobin degradation product, hemozoin. As the parasite develops from an early cup-shaped morphology to a more rounded shape, puncta of hemozoin are formed; these coalesce in the mature trophozoite into a central compartment. In some trophozoite stage parasites we observed invaginations of the parasite surface and, using a selective permeabilization process, showed that these remain connected to the RBC cytoplasm. Some of these invaginations have large openings consistent with phagocytic structures and we observed independent endocytic vesicles in the parasite cytoplasm which appear to play a role in hemoglobin uptake. In schizont stage parasites staggered mitosis was observed and X-ray-dense lipid-rich structures were evident at their apical ends of the developing daughter cells. Treatment of parasites with the antimalarial drug artemisinin appears to affect parasite development and their ability to produce the hemoglobin breakdown product, hemozoin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hanssen, Eric; Klonis, Nectarios; Abu-Bakar, Nurhidanatasha; Deed, Samantha; Tilley, Leann] La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. [Hanssen, Eric; Klonis, Nectarios; Abu-Bakar, Nurhidanatasha; Deed, Samantha; Tilley, Leann] La Trobe Univ, Ctr Excellence Coherent Xray Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. [Hanssen, Eric] Univ Melbourne, Electron Microscopy Unit, Mol Sci & Biotechnol Inst Bio21, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Larabell, Carolyn] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [Knoechel, Christian; LeGros, Mark; Larabell, Carolyn] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Xray Tomog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hanssen, E (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Dept Biochem, Melbourne, Vic 3086, Australia. EM ehanssen@unimelb.edu.au; L.Tilley@latrobe.edu.au RI Hanssen, Eric/A-7217-2013 OI Hanssen, Eric/0000-0002-4064-1844 FU Australian Research Council; Australian National Health and Medical Research Council; US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health [P41RR019664]; National Institutes of General Medicine of the National Institutes of Health [GM63948] FX The authors acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, the US Department of Energy, Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DE-AC02-05CH11231), the National Center for Research Resources of the National Institutes of Health (P41RR019664) and the National Institutes of General Medicine of the National Institutes of Health (GM63948). Use of the Advanced Light Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science. We thank Sam Deed, Wei-Wei Gu, Dilworth Parkinson and Emily Wilson for technical support. We thank Professor Peter Beck, Swiss Tropical Institute for supplying transfected parasites, Assoc. Prof. Mike Ryan, La Trobe University, for anti-GFP antibodies. NR 59 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 173 IS 1 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.08.013 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 705JB UT WOS:000286123600018 PM 20826218 ER PT J AU Kurter, C Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Hinks, DG Gray, KE AF Kurter, C. Ozyuzer, L. Zasadzinski, J. F. Hinks, D. G. Gray, K. E. TI The ICRN Value in Intrinsic Josephson Tunnel Junctions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) Mesas SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Josephson tunneling; ICRN product; Bi2212 mesas ID OVERDOPED BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB The c-axis current-voltage I(V) characteristics have been obtained on a set of mesas of varying height sculpted on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi2212) crystals intercalated with HgB2. The intercalation, along with the small number of junctions in the mesa, N=6-30, minimizes the degree of self-heating, leading to a consistent Josephson critical current, I (C) , among junctions in the mesa. The Bi2212 crystals with a bulk T (C) =74 K are overdoped and display negligible pseudogap effects allowing an accurate measure of the normal state resistance, R (N) . These properties make the mesas nearly ideal for the determination of the Josephson I (C) R (N) product. We find I (C) R (N) values consistently similar to 30% of the quasiparticle gap parameter, Delta/e, which was measured independently using a mechanical contact, break junction technique. The latter was necessitated by higher bias heating effects in the mesas which prevented direct measurements of the superconducting gap. These values are among the highest reported and may represent the maximum intrinsic value for I (C) R (N) . The results indicate that the c-axis transport is a mixture of coherent and incoherent tunneling. C1 [Kurter, C.; Ozyuzer, L.; Zasadzinski, J. F.; Hinks, D. G.; Gray, K. E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zasadzinski, J. F.] Illinois Inst Tech, BCPS Dept, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Ozyuzer, L.] Izmir Inst Tech, Dept Phys, TR-35430 Izmir, Turkey. [Kurter, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zasadzinski, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM zasadzinski@iit.edu RI Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 FU UChicago Argonne, LLC; Argonne National Laboratory, a US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; TUBITAK (Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) [106T053]; Turkish Academy of Sciences [LO/TUBA-GEBIP/2002-1-17] FX Work supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, operator of Argonne National Laboratory, a US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, operated under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 and TUBITAK (Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey) project number 106T053. L.O. acknowledges support from the Turkish Academy of Sciences, in the framework of the Young Scientist Award Program (LO/TUBA-GEBIP/2002-1-17). NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10948-010-1049-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754LI UT WOS:000289855700015 ER PT J AU Karapetrov, G Belkin, A Iavarone, M Fedor, J Novosad, V Milosevic, MV Peeters, FM AF Karapetrov, G. Belkin, A. Iavarone, M. Fedor, J. Novosad, V. Milosevic, M. V. Peeters, F. M. TI Anisotropic Superconductivity and Vortex Dynamics in Magnetically Coupled F/S and F/S/F Hybrids SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Superconductor ferromagnet hybrids; Vortex dynamics; Scanning tunneling microscopy; Vortex chains; Superconducting anisotropy ID FERROMAGNET; MULTILAYERS AB Magnetically coupled superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids offer advanced routes for nanoscale control of superconductivity. Magnetotransport characteristics and scanning tunneling microscopy images of vortex structures in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids reveal rich superconducting phase diagrams. Focusing on a particular combination of a ferromagnet with a well-ordered periodic magnetic domain structure with alternating out-of-plane component of magnetization, and a small coherence length superconductor, we find directed nucleation of superconductivity above the domain wall boundaries. We show that near the superconductor-normal state phase boundary the superconductivity is localized in narrow mesoscopic channels. In order to explore the Abrikosov flux line ordering in F/S hybrids, we use a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and Ginzburg-Landau simulations. The magnetic stripe domain structure induces periodic local magnetic induction in the superconductor, creating a series of pinning-anti-pinning channels for externally added magnetic flux quanta. Such laterally confined Abrikosov vortices form quasi-1D arrays (chains). The transitions between multichain states occur through propagation of kinks at the intermediate fields. At high fields we show that the system becomes nonlinear due to a change in both the number of vortices and the confining potential. In F/S/F hybrids we demonstrate the evolution of the anisotropic conductivity in the superconductor that is magnetically coupled with two adjacent ferromagnetic layers. Stripe magnetic domain structures in both F-layers are aligned under each other, resulting in a directional superconducting order parameter in the superconducting layer. The conductance anisotropy strongly depends on the period of the magnetic domains and the strength of the local magnetization. The anisotropic conductivity of up to three orders of magnitude can be achieved with a spatial critical temperature modulation of 5% of T (c). Induced anisotropic properties in the F/S and F/S/F hybrids have a potential for future application in switching and nonvolatile memory elements operating at low temperatures. C1 [Karapetrov, G.; Belkin, A.; Iavarone, M.; Fedor, J.; Novosad, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Belkin, A.] IIT, Div Phys, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. [Iavarone, M.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Karapetrov, G.; Fedor, J.] Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Elect Engn, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia. [Milosevic, M. V.; Peeters, F. M.] Univ Antwerp, Dept Fys, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Karapetrov, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM goran@anl.gov RI Milosevic, Milorad/H-9393-2012; Novosad, Valentyn/C-2018-2014; CMT, UAntwerpen Group/A-5523-2016; Karapetrov, Goran/C-2840-2008; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015 OI Karapetrov, Goran/0000-0003-1113-0137; FU UChicago Argonne, LLC; Operator of Argonne National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Ministry of Education, Agency [262 401 200 19]; Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-VI); Belgian Science Policy; JSPS/ESF-NES; ESF-AQDJJ network; Vlaanderen-USA FX This work as well as the use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials and the Electron Microscopy Center at Argonne National Laboratory were supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was also supported by the Ministry of Education, Agency for Structural Funds of the European Union, Research and Development Program, under agreement 262 401 200 19. M.V.M. and F. M. P. acknowledge support from the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-VI), the Belgian Science Policy, the JSPS/ESF-NES program, the ESF-AQDJJ network, and the Vlaanderen-USA bilateral program. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 905 EP 910 DI 10.1007/s10948-010-0880-z PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754LI UT WOS:000289855700150 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Qiao, YF Selvamanickam, V AF Bhattacharya, Raghu N. Qiao, Yunfei Selvamanickam, Venkat TI Electrodeposited Cu-Stabilization Layer for High-Temperature Superconducting Coated Conductors SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Electrodeposition; Stabilization layer; Cu; Superconductor; Nonaqueous ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; O SYSTEM; THIN-FILMS; YBCO TAPE; BISRCACU2OX; TRANSITION; PHASE AB We have developed a nonaqueous-based process for electrodepositing a Cu-stabilization layer on a YBCO superconductor tape. Conventional approaches to electroplating Cu layers use a cyanide-based solution to prevent uncontrolled hydrogen evolution from the aqueous-based solution; these are very reactive with the superconductor layer, and thus destroy its critical-current capability when plated directly onto high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape. It has been found that a capping layer at least 1 micron thick is needed between the superconductor and stabilizer layers to avoid such a reaction and the subsequent reduction in the critical-current capability of the superconductor layer. In contrast, the nonaqueous electroplating solution is nonreactive to the HTS layer, allowing the Ag capping layer to be thinner. We demonstrated that direct Cu plating on YBCO tapes using a nonaqueous solvent does not destroy the superconducting YBCO layer. The superconducting current capabilities of these tapes were measured by noncontact magnetic measurements. Contact current-voltage (I-V) measurements required a 0.1-micron-thick Ag capping layer on YBCO tapes, which is sufficient for subsequent Cu plating from the non-aqueous solvent. C1 [Bhattacharya, Raghu N.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Qiao, Yunfei] SuperPower Inc, Schenectady, NY 12304 USA. [Selvamanickam, Venkat] Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM Raghu.Bhattacharya@nrel.gov FU US Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The author thanks Bobby To for scanning electron micrographs. This work has been authored by an employee of the Alliance of Sustainable Energy, LLC, under contract number DE-AC36-08GO28308 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 1021 EP 1026 DI 10.1007/s10948-010-0883-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754LI UT WOS:000289855700169 ER PT J AU Bussmann-Holder, A Simon, A Keller, H Bishop, AR AF Bussmann-Holder, A. Simon, A. Keller, H. Bishop, A. R. TI Identifying the Pairing Mechanism in Fe-As Based Superconductors: Gaps and Isotope Effects SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND NOVEL MAGNETISM LA English DT Article DE Superconductivity; Fe based systems; Izotope effects ID CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; 2-BAND MODEL; TEMPERATURE; BA0.6K0.4FE2AS2; SPECTROSCOPY; WAVE AB The temperature dependencies of the coupled superconducting gaps, observed in Fe-As based superconducting compounds is calculated and a universal temperature scaling observed which is only present if the coupled order parameters both have s-wave symmetry. Predictions for possible isotope effects on the superconducting transition temperature T (c) are made if phonons are involved in the pairing or polaronic effects are of importance. Comparison to experimental data is given where these are available. C1 [Bussmann-Holder, A.; Simon, A.] Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. [Keller, H.] Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bussmann-Holder, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Festkorperforsch, Heisenbergstr 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. EM a.bussmann-holder@fkf.mpg.de NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1939 J9 J SUPERCOND NOV MAGN JI J. Supercond. Nov. Magn PD JAN PY 2011 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 1099 EP 1103 DI 10.1007/s10948-010-0864-z PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 754LI UT WOS:000289855700182 ER PT J AU Stoner-Ma, D Skinner, JM Schneider, DK Cowan, M Sweet, RM Orville, AM AF Stoner-Ma, Deborah Skinner, John M. Schneider, Dieter K. Cowan, Matt Sweet, Robert M. Orville, Allen M. TI Single-crystal Raman spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography at beamline X26-C of the NSLS SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Diffraction Structural Biology (ISDSB2010) CY MAY 25-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Raman; single-crystal spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction ID BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALS; MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; OXIDASE AB Three-dimensional structures derived from X-ray diffraction of protein crystals provide a wealth of information. Features and interactions important for the function of macromolecules can be deduced and catalytic mechanisms postulated. Still, many questions can remain, for example regarding metal oxidation states and the interpretation of 'mystery density', i.e. ambiguous or unknown features within the electron density maps, especially at similar to 2 angstrom resolutions typical of most macromolecular structures. Beamline X26-C at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), provides researchers with the opportunity to not only determine the atomic structure of their samples but also to explore the electronic and vibrational characteristics of the sample before, during and after X-ray diffraction data collection. When samples are maintained under cryo-conditions, an opportunity to promote and follow photochemical reactions in situ as a function of X-ray exposure is also provided. Plans are in place to further expand the capabilities at beamline X26-C and to develop beamlines at NSLS-II, currently under construction at BNL, which will provide users access to a wide array of complementary spectroscopic methods in addition to high-quality X-ray diffraction data. C1 [Stoner-Ma, Deborah; Skinner, John M.; Schneider, Dieter K.; Cowan, Matt; Sweet, Robert M.; Orville, Allen M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stoner-Ma, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dstonerma@bnl.gov; amorv@bnl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [2 P41 RR012408, P41 RR012408] NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1107/S0909049510033601 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 695YN UT WOS:000285409000010 PM 21169688 ER PT J AU Allaire, M Yang, L AF Allaire, Marc Yang, Lin TI Biomolecular solution X-ray scattering at the National Synchrotron Light Source SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Diffraction Structural Biology (ISDSB2010) CY MAY 25-28, 2010 CL Paris, FRANCE DE SAXS; WAXS; beamline; proteins; DNA/RNA AB In recent years there has been a growing interest in the application of X-ray scattering techniques to biomolecules in solution. At NSLS, a new undulator-based beamline, X9, has been constructed to address the oversubscribed user demand for X-ray scattering. Beamline X9 has the capability to perform small/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) all in one single instrument. This is accomplished by utilizing a vacuum sample/detector chamber that is an integral part of the SAXS scattering flight path. This vacuum chamber allows a WAXS detector to be positioned at a close distance from the sample, while not interfering with scattered X-rays at small angles from reaching the SAXS detector. A regular training program, the X9 workbench, has also been established to allow users to become familiar with beamline X9 for solution X-ray scattering. C1 [Allaire, Marc; Yang, Lin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Allaire, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM allaire@bnl.gov; lyang@bnl.gov RI Yang, Lin/D-5872-2013 OI Yang, Lin/0000-0003-1057-9194 NR 4 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 18 BP 41 EP 44 DI 10.1107/S0909049510036022 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 695YN UT WOS:000285409000011 PM 21169689 ER PT J AU Anderson, BE Griffa, M Le Bas, PY Ulrich, TJ Johnson, PA AF Anderson, Brian E. Griffa, Michele Le Bas, Pierre-Yves Ulrich, Timothy J. Johnson, Paul A. TI Experimental implementation of reverse time migration for nondestructive evaluation applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEPTH MIGRATION; PRESTACK; INVARIANTS; OPERATOR AB Reverse time migration (RTM) is a commonly employed imaging technique in seismic applications (e. g., to image reservoirs of oil). Its standard implementation cannot account for multiple scattering/reverberation. For this reason it has not yet found application in nondestructive evaluation (NDE). This paper applies RTM imaging to NDE applications in bounded samples, where reverberation is always present. This paper presents a fully experimental implementation of RTM, whereas in seismic applications, only part of the procedure is done experimentally. A modified RTM imaging condition is able to localize scatterers and locations of disbonding. Experiments are conducted on aluminum samples with controlled scatterers. (C) 2011 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Anderson, Brian E.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Acoust Res Grp, Eyring Sci Ctr N283, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Griffa, Michele] EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Bldg Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Le Bas, Pierre-Yves; Ulrich, Timothy J.; Johnson, Paul A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Solid Earth Geophys Grp EES 17, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Anderson, BE (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Acoust Res Grp, Eyring Sci Ctr N283, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bea@byu.edu; michele.griffa@empa.ch; pylb@lanl.gov; tju@lanl.gov RI Anderson, Brian/G-8819-2012; OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0927-4003 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 129 IS 1 BP EL8 EP EL14 DI 10.1121/1.3526379 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 716DE UT WOS:000286944600002 PM 21302980 ER PT J AU Graham, AWG Ray, SJ Enke, CG Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW Hieftje, GM AF Graham, Alexander W. G. Ray, Steven J. Enke, Christie G. Barinaga, Charles J. Koppenaal, David W. Hieftje, Gary M. TI First Distance-of-Flight Instrument: Opening a New Paradigm in Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE Mass spectrometry; Instrumentation; Glow discharge ID ION DETECTION; SPECTROGRAPH; ARRAY; PERFORMANCE; SPECIATION; DETECTORS; DESIGN; ENERGY AB A new instrumental concept, distance-of-flight mass spectrometry (DOFMS), is demonstrated experimentally. In DOFMS the mass-to-charge ratio of ions is determined by the distance each ion travels during a fixed time period; the mass spectrum is then recorded with a position-sensitive detector. The DOF approach provides a new way to separate and quantify components of complex samples. Initial results are demonstrated with a glow discharge ion source and a microchannel plate-phosphor screen detector assembly for atomic ion determination. This detection system demonstrated mass spectral peak widths of approximately 0.65 mm, corresponding to resolving powers of approximately 400-600 for a number of elemental samples. C1 [Graham, Alexander W. G.; Ray, Steven J.; Enke, Christie G.; Hieftje, Gary M.] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Enke, Christie G.] Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Barinaga, Charles J.; Koppenaal, David W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ray, SJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM sjray@indiana.edu RI Gundlach-Graham, Alexander/B-6069-2011; OI Gundlach-Graham, Alexander/0000-0003-4806-6255; Ray, Steven/0000-0001-5675-1258 FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-98EF14890]; Lilly Endowment-Indiana MetaCyt Initiative FX The authors are grateful to the Indiana University Edward G. Bair Mechanical Instrumentation Facility for construction of the DOFMS instrument. This work was supported in part by Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) funds from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract to the US Department of Energy), by the US Department of Energy through federal grant number DE-FG02-98EF14890, and by the Lilly Endowment-Indiana MetaCyt Initiative. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2011 VL 22 IS 1 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1007/s13361-010-0005-8 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 726CM UT WOS:000287696300012 PM 21472549 ER PT J AU Guo, S Jesse, S Kalnaus, S Balke, N Daniel, C Kalinin, SV AF Guo, S. Jesse, S. Kalnaus, S. Balke, N. Daniel, C. Kalinin, S. V. TI Direct Mapping of Ion Diffusion Times on LiCoO2 Surfaces with Nanometer Resolution SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; BATTERY CATHODE; SOLAR-CELLS; STRESS; EXPANSION; TRANSPORT; ELECTRODE AB Spatial variability of ionic transport on the polycrystalline LiCoO2 surface is studied on the similar to 10 nanometer level by time-resolved electrochemical strain spectroscopy (ESM). Strong variability between ESM signal relaxation and hence ionic transport at the grain boundaries and within the grains is observed. The relationship between relaxation and ESM hysteresis loop formation is established. The use of these strain measurements allows ionic transport be probed on the nanoscale, and suggests enormous potential for probing ionic materials and devices including batteries and fuel cells. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3604759] All rights reserved. C1 [Guo, S.; Jesse, S.; Kalnaus, S.; Balke, N.; Daniel, C.; Kalinin, S. V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Daniel, C.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Guo, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sergei2@ornl.gov RI Kalinin, Sergei/I-9096-2012; Balke, Nina/Q-2505-2015; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; OI Kalinin, Sergei/0000-0001-5354-6152; Balke, Nina/0000-0001-5865-5892; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Kalnaus, Sergiy/0000-0002-7465-3034 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Vehicle Technologies Program for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences Program, Division of User Facilities FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Vehicle Technologies Program for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Parts of this research were performed at the Center for Nanophase Materials Science and the Shared Research Equipment Collaborative Research Center, both sponsored by the Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences Program, Division of User Facilities. The authors want to thank Nancy Dudney for the use of the rf magnetron sputtering facilities in her group. SVK gratefully acknowledges communications with A. Schirmeisen (University of Muenster). NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 8 BP A982 EP A990 DI 10.1149/1.3604759 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 784JV UT WOS:000292154300018 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Cavanagh, AS Yan, YF George, SM Manthiram, A AF Jung, Yoon Seok Cavanagh, Andrew S. Yan, Yanfa George, Steven M. Manthiram, Arumugam TI Effects of Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 on the Li[Li0.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O-2 Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE ELECTRODES; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; CAPACITY; CELL AB The lithium-excess layered oxide Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O-2 has been surface modified with Al2O3 films grown with atomic layer deposition (ALD) and examined as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. Al2O3 was grown on powders prior to electrode fabrication, directly on the electrode, and directly on the electrode followed by a heat-treatment at 300 degrees C in air. Compared to the bare electrode, an Al2O3 film on an as-formed electrode improved the cycle performance significantly. Furthermore, the heat treatment of the ALD-coated electrodes result in significant increase in capacity, due to the transformation of the as-deposited Al2O3 to a better Li+-conductive material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that the heat-treatment leads to an inter-diffusion of atoms between the Al2O3 coating and the Li[Li0.20Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O-2 core. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.030112jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Jung, Yoon Seok; Yan, Yanfa] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Jung, Yoon Seok; Manthiram, Arumugam] Univ Texas Austin, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [George, Steven M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cavanagh, Andrew S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jung, YS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rmanth@mail.utexas.edu RI George, Steven/O-2163-2013; Jung, Yoon Seok/B-8512-2011 OI George, Steven/0000-0003-0253-9184; Jung, Yoon Seok/0000-0003-0357-9508 FU NASA Glenn Research Center; Welch Foundation [F-1254]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX Financial support by NASA Glenn Research Center and Welch Foundation grant F-1254 is gratefully acknowledged. NREL is grateful for support from the U.S. Department of Energy under subcontract number DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 21 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 6 U2 75 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 12 BP A1298 EP A1302 DI 10.1149/2.030112jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 860WP UT WOS:000297979300008 ER PT J AU Jung, YS Hwang, YH Javey, A Pyo, M AF Jung, Youn Su Hwang, Yun-Hwa Javey, Ali Pyo, Myoungho TI PCBM-Grafted MWNT for Enhanced Electron Transport in Polymer Solar Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; CARBON NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; DEVICES; LAYER AB 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl[6,6]C(61) (PCBM) grafted to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was for the first time synthesized and utilized for enhancing the electron transport in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Minimal interaction between poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PCBM-grafted MWNT (PCBM-g-MWNT) reduced the chance for MWNT to function as a hole transporter. The comparison of charge carrier mobilities revealed that the electron moves ca. twice faster in a device containing 0.3 wt % PCBM-g-MWNT than in devices with 0.1 wt % MWNT or no MWNT. PCBM-g-MWNT, blended with P3HT and PCBM for polymer solar cells, enhanced the cell efficiency (eta) by 39% at 0.3 wt %. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI:10.1149/1.3530197] All rights reserved. C1 [Jung, Youn Su; Hwang, Yun-Hwa; Javey, Ali; Pyo, Myoungho] Sunchon Natl Univ, World Class Univ Program, Dept Printed Elect Engn, Chungnam 540742, South Korea. [Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Javey, Ali] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jung, YS (reprint author), Sunchon Natl Univ, World Class Univ Program, Dept Printed Elect Engn, Chungnam 540742, South Korea. EM mho@sunchon.ac.kr RI Javey, Ali/B-4818-2013 FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) [R31-10022]; Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) FX This research was supported in part by the WCU (World Class University) program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R31-10022). This work was also supported in parts by the Ministry of Education, Science Technology (MEST) and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP A237 EP A240 DI 10.1149/1.3530197 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 712PE UT WOS:000286677900005 ER PT J AU Kang, SH Lu, WQ Gallagher, KG Park, SH Pol, VG AF Kang, Sun-Ho Lu, Wenquan Gallagher, Kevin G. Park, Sang-Ho Pol, Vilas G. TI Study of Li1+x(Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9)(1-x)O-2 Cathode Materials for Vehicle Battery Applications SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; INSERTION MATERIAL; DRYING METHOD; ELECTRODES; LI; CO; MN; NI AB Li1+x(Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9)(1-x)O-2 with two lithium content (x = 0 and 0.05) has been synthesized using coprecipitated (Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9) (OH)(2) and their electrochemical properties have been investigated. Compared with the x = 0 material, the lithium-rich material (x = 0.05) exhibited superior electrochemical properties. When cycled between 2.5 and 4.4 V, the Li/Li-1.05(Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9)(0.95)O-2 cells showed high first-cycle coulombic efficiency (93%), reversible discharge capacity of 187 mAh/g at C/12 with 99% capacity retention after 40 cycles, and excellent rate performance (86% of C/12 rate at 5 C discharge current). The Li-1.05(Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9)(0.95)O-2 electrode also showed a full-cell pulse power characteristics (5 C discharge pulse) comparable to Li-1.05(Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)(0.95)O-2 electrode and better thermal stability at charged state (4.4 V) than charged LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (4.2 V). Using a battery design and cost model developed in-house, calculations found battery packs with Li-1.05(Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9)(0.95)O-2 as the positive electrode to be of lower cost and higher energy density than those with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and Li-1.05(Mn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3)(0.95)O-2 electrodes. The experimental and modeling results obtained in this work suggest Li-1.05(Mn4/9Co1/9Ni4/9)(0.95)O-2 to be a promising cathode material for vehicle battery applications. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3600701] All rights reserved. C1 [Kang, Sun-Ho; Lu, Wenquan; Gallagher, Kevin G.; Park, Sang-Ho; Pol, Vilas G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), Korean Intellectual Property Off, Taejon 302701, South Korea. EM sunho.kang@anl.gov FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Financial support from the Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U. S. Department of Energy is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank Dr. Donghan Kim (Argonne) for his help with the Rietveld refinement. Use of the FESEM facility at Argonne's Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) is also acknowledged.; The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U. S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 8 BP A936 EP A941 DI 10.1149/1.3600701 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 784JV UT WOS:000292154300012 ER PT J AU Kim, GH Smith, K Lee, KJ Santhanagopalan, S Pesaran, A AF Kim, Gi-Heon Smith, Kandler Lee, Kyu-Jin Santhanagopalan, Shriram Pesaran, Ahmad TI Multi-Domain Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries Encompassing Multi-Physics in Varied Length Scales SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POROUS INSERTION ELECTRODES; POSITIVE ELECTRODES; POLYMER BATTERY; CELL; SIMULATIONS; DESIGN AB This paper presents a general multi-scale multi-physics lithium-ion battery model framework, the Multi-Scale Multi-Dimensional model. The model introduces multiple coupled computational domains to resolve the interplay of lithium-ion battery physics in varied length scales. Model geometry decoupling and domain separation for the physicochemical process interplay are valid where the characteristic time or length scale is segregated. Assuming statistical homogeneity for repeated architectures typical of lithium-ion battery devices is often adequate and effective for modeling submodel geometries and physics in each domain. The modularized hierarchical architecture of the model provides a flexible and expandable framework facilitating modeling of the multiphysics behavior of lithium-ion battery systems. In this paper, the Multi-Scale Multi-Dimensional model is introduced and applied to a model analysis that resolves electrochemical-, electrical-, and thermal-coupled physics in large-format stacked prismatic cell designs. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3597614] All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Gi-Heon; Smith, Kandler; Lee, Kyu-Jin; Santhanagopalan, Shriram; Pesaran, Ahmad] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kim, GH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM gi-heon.kim@nrel.gov FU U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies FX The authors gratefully acknowledge David Howell, Brian Cunningham, and the U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle Technologies Energy Storage Program for funding and support and Jeffrey Gonder of NREL for generating the vehicle application power profile. NR 31 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 8 U2 65 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 8 BP A955 EP A969 DI 10.1149/1.3597614 PG 15 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 784JV UT WOS:000292154300015 ER PT J AU Lee, BR Noh, HJ Myung, ST Amine, K Sun, YK AF Lee, B. -R. Noh, H. -J. Myung, S. -T. Amine, K. Sun, Y. -K. TI High-Voltage Performance of Li[Ni0.55Co0.15Mn0.30]O-2 Positive Electrode Material for Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM INSERTION MATERIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CATHODE MATERIALS; HIGH-POWER; FLUORINE SUBSTITUTION; SECONDARY BATTERIES; HIGH-ENERGY; CELLS; PARTICLES; CAPACITY AB The electrochemical properties and thermal stabilities of a new positive electrode material for Li-ion batteries, Li[Ni0.55Co0.15Mn0.30]O-2, were investigated over a wide potential window. This electrode material was synthesized via a coprecipitation method. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that the synthesized material crystallized into an alpha-NaFeO2 layered structure (R (3) over barm). The Li[Ni0.55Co0.15Mn0.30]O-2 positive electrode has a discharge capacity of 202 mAh g(-1) in the voltage range of 2.7-4.5 V. This high capacity was retained throughout cycling. The thermal stability of Li[Ni0.55Co0.15Mn0.30]O-2 was measured by differential thermal calorimetry and found to be comparable to that of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O-2. This positive electrode material was also characterized in a full cell configuration (graphite negative electrode) by the hybrid pulse power characterization tests following the FreedomCAR battery test manual for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The pulse power capability and available energy met the goals for PHEVs. (C) 2010 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3525247] All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, B. -R.; Noh, H. -J.; Sun, Y. -K.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. [Myung, S. -T.] Iwate Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morioka, Iwate 0208551, Japan. [Amine, K.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, BR (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Energy Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM smyung@iwate-u.ac.jp; amine@anl.gov; yksun@hanyang.ac.kr RI Sun, Yang-Kook/B-9157-2013; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Sun, Yang-Kook/0000-0002-0117-0170; FU Korea government (MEST) [2009-0092780]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea [2009-0063371] FX This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (no. 2009-0092780). This work was also supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea for the Center for Next Generation Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (no. 2009-0063371). NR 30 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 2 BP A180 EP A186 DI 10.1149/1.3525247 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 700SW UT WOS:000285765600017 ER PT J AU Lim, J Choi, E Mathew, V Kim, D Ahn, D Gim, J Kang, SH Kim, J AF Lim, Jinsub Choi, Eunseok Mathew, Vinod Kim, Donghan Ahn, Docheon Gim, Jihyeon Kang, Sun-Ho Kim, Jaekook TI Enhanced High-Rate Performance of Li4Ti5O12 Nanoparticles for Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM INTERCALATION PROPERTIES; SOL-GEL PROCESS; ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SPINEL LI4TI5O12; ANODE MATERIAL; NANOCRYSTALLINE LI4TI5O12; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE; TITANIUM-SPINEL; INSERTION; NANOWIRES AB Li4Ti5O12 was successfully synthesized by solvothermal techniques using cost-effective precursors in polyol medium. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the sample (LTO-500) was clearly indexed to the spinel shaped Li4Ti5O12 and in order to accurately determine the lattice parameters, synchrotron powder XRD pattern was fitted by the whole-pattern profile matching method using the model space group, Fd (3) over barm. The particle size, morphology, and crystallinity of LTO-500 were identified using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of the sample revealed fairly high initial discharge/charge specific capacities of 230 and 179 mAh/g, respectively, and exhibited highly improved rate performances at C-rates as high as 30 and 60 C, when compared to Li4Ti5O12 by the solid-state reaction method. This was attributed to the achievement of small particle sizes in nanoscale dimensions, a reasonably narrow particle size distribution and, hence, shorter diffusion paths combined with larger contact area at the electrode/electrolyte interface. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI:10.1149/1.3527983] All rights reserved. C1 [Lim, Jinsub; Choi, Eunseok; Mathew, Vinod; Gim, Jihyeon; Kim, Jaekook] Chonnam Natl Univ WCU, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bukgu 500757, Gwangju, South Korea. [Kim, Donghan; Kang, Sun-Ho] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Electrochem Energy Storage Dept, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ahn, Docheon] Pohang Accelerator Lab, Beamline Res Div, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Lim, J (reprint author), Chonnam Natl Univ WCU, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bukgu 500757, Gwangju, South Korea. EM jaekook@chonnam.ac.kr FU Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [R32-2008-000-20074-0] FX This research was supported by the WCU (World Class University) program through the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (R32-2008-000-20074-0). NR 55 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 6 U2 46 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 3 BP A275 EP A280 DI 10.1149/1.3527983 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 712PE UT WOS:000286677900011 ER PT J AU Mullin, SA Stone, GM Panday, A Balsara, NP AF Mullin, Scott A. Stone, Gregory M. Panday, Ashoutosh Balsara, Nitash P. TI Salt Diffusion Coefficients in Block Copolymer Electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FILM LITHIUM BATTERIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SOLID-STATE; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; RESTRICTED DIFFUSION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; GRAFT COPOLYMER AB The salt diffusion coefficient in a series of nanostructured block copolymer electrolytes was measured in a symmetric lithium/polymer electrolyte/lithium cell using the restricted diffusion technique. The decay of the open-circuit potential as measured by this technique was analyzed by a Laplace inversion algorithm to give the distribution of relaxation processes characteristic of the electrolytes. The distribution function was characterized by two parameters, an average diffusion coefficient, D-avg, and a polydispersity index, PDIdiffusion, which is a measure of the width of the distribution. We compare these parameters obtained from a series of nearly symmetric poly(styrene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (SEO) block copolymer electrolytes containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone) imide salt (LiTFSI) with those obtained from a homogeneous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/LiTFSI mixture. D-avg of the SEO/LiTFSI mixtures increases with increasing molecular weight of the PEO block, M-PEO, and reaches a plateau of 2/3D(PEO) when M-PEO exceeds 50 kg/mol (D-PEO is the average salt diffusion coefficient in PEO homopolymer). The PDIdiffusion values obtained for SEO copolymers are significantly higher than those obtained in PEO homopolymer. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3563802] C1 [Mullin, Scott A.; Stone, Gregory M.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mullin, Scott A.; Panday, Ashoutosh; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stone, Gregory M.; Balsara, Nitash P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mullin, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nbalsara@berkeley.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Arkema and Tyco Electronics; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was conducted under the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. S. A. M. was also supported by fellowships from Arkema and Tyco Electronics. Some experiments were conducted at the L.B.N.L Advanced Light Source which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors benefitted from many helpful and educational discussions with Professor John Newman. We also acknowledge Dr. Jason Giurleo and Professor David Talaga for help with the GRIP program. NR 57 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 48 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP A619 EP A627 DI 10.1149/1.3563802 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700001 ER PT J AU Rhodes, K Meisner, R Kim, Y Dudney, N Daniel, C AF Rhodes, Kevin Meisner, Roberta Kim, Yoongu Dudney, Nancy Daniel, Claus TI Evolution of Phase Transformation Behavior in Li(Mn1.5Ni0.5)O-4 Cathodes Studied By In Situ XRD SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SPINEL ELECTRODES; SECONDARY BATTERY; ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; INTERCALATION; INSERTION; CELLS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DEGRADATION AB In situ X-ray diffraction of Li(Mn1.5Ni0.5)O-4 was performed using a novel electrochemical cell based on coin cell hardware. The pristine material had a cubic spinel structure with a Ni2+ oxidation state. As the cell was charged through its 4.75V plateau, a transition between spinels with Ni2+, Ni3+, and Ni4+ oxidation was observed. As the oxidation of the nickel increased, the lattice parameter of the corresponding spinel diminished. During discharge, the spinel reversed its phase changes until only the Ni2+ spinel was observed. As the discharge potential reached a plateau at 2.75V a tetragonal spinel phase was formed, which upon subsequent cell charging was completely converted back to a cubic spinel phase. Lattice parameter changes of each phase were calculated and showed a characteristic strain release during phase changes. After 15 full cycles the transition between cubic spinels was no longer complete and the formation of the tetragonal spinel phase was no longer detected. This suggests a gradual change from an ordered to disordered MNO structure and lithium trapping in the active material. These cycle-induced changes to phase transition behavior can be related to capacity fade and overall cell performance. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3596376] All rights reserved. C1 [Rhodes, Kevin; Meisner, Roberta; Kim, Yoongu; Dudney, Nancy; Daniel, Claus] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. [Rhodes, Kevin; Meisner, Roberta; Daniel, Claus] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rhodes, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. EM kevinrhodes74@gmail.com RI Daniel, Claus/A-2060-2008 OI Daniel, Claus/0000-0002-0571-6054 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Vehicle Technologies Program for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering FX This research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, was sponsored by the Vehicle Technologies Program for the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, with additional support through the High Temperature Materials Laboratory User Program. Also, thanks to Melanie Kirkham and Andrew Payzant for their assistance with diffractometer setup and operation. NR 43 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 42 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 8 BP A890 EP A897 DI 10.1149/1.3596376 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 784JV UT WOS:000292154300006 ER PT J AU Tang, M Newman, J AF Tang, Maureen Newman, John TI Electrochemical Characterization of SEI-Type Passivating Films Using Redox Shuttles SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LI-ION BATTERIES; SOLID-ELECTROLYTE INTERPHASE; OVERCHARGE PROTECTION; GRAPHITE-ELECTRODES; DIETHYL CARBONATES; CELLS; MODEL; KINETICS; INTERCALATION; INTERFACE AB Although redox shuttles have been demonstrated to provide overcharge protection for up to 200 cycles, the existence of the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI), a passivating film on the negative electrode, seems to be inherently incompatible with a successful shuttle reaction. In this work, the kinetics of ferrocene is measured in the presence and absence of passivating films using rotating-disk-electrode voltammetry. The steady-state current-voltage curve is described by a simple model of Butler-Volmer kinetics and a through-film limiting current. The presence of a passivating film decreases both the limiting current and the effective rate constant. Both parameters decrease with increased passivation time; a decreasing porosity is a possible explanation for the latter observation. The characterization method developed in this work allows direct measurements of the effect of passivating films, thus contributing to understanding of passivation phenomena in nonaqueous electrolytes. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3567765] All rights reserved. C1 [Tang, Maureen; Newman, John] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Newman, John] Environm Energy Technol Div, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tang, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mtang@berkeley.edu RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 FU Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX Drs. John Kerr and Philip N. Ross, Jr., are acknowledged for helpful experimental advice. This work was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 5 BP A530 EP A536 DI 10.1149/1.3567765 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 741ML UT WOS:000288867700014 ER PT J AU Veith, GM Dudney, NJ AF Veith, Gabriel M. Dudney, Nancy J. TI Current Collectors for Rechargeable Li-Air Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM BATTERIES; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE; LIQUID ELECTROLYTES; OXYGEN BATTERIES; GRAPHITE; INTERCALATION; CATALYSTS; DECOMPOSITION; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY AB Here we report the negative influence of porous nickel foam for use as current collectors in rechargeable Li-air batteries. Uncoated nickel foam promotes the decomposition of LiPF(6)-organic carbonate electrolytes under normal charging conditions reported for rechargeable Li-air cells. Partially coating the Ni reduces the extent of electrolyte decomposition. We have identified Ni-free porous carbon supports as more appropriate cathode current collectors. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3569750] C1 [Veith, Gabriel M.; Dudney, Nancy J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Veith, GM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM veithgm@ornl.gov RI Dudney, Nancy/I-6361-2016 OI Dudney, Nancy/0000-0001-7729-6178 FU Oak Ridge National Laboratory FX The authors thank IncoFoam, Timcal, and Celgard for donating materials used in this study and Dr's Chengdu Liang and Jagjit Nanda for the helpful discussions. Research sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 6 BP A658 EP A663 DI 10.1149/1.3569750 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 754KY UT WOS:000289854700006 ER PT J AU Xun, S Song, X Wang, L Grass, ME Liu, Z Battaglia, VS Liu, G AF Xun, S. Song, X. Wang, L. Grass, M. E. Liu, Z. Battaglia, V. S. Liu, G. TI The Effects of Native Oxide Surface Layer on the Electrochemical Performance of Si Nanoparticle-Based Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION-BATTERIES; THIN-FILM ELECTRODE; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; ANODE MATERIAL; SILICON; REDUCTION; STORAGE; CARBON AB This study controllably reduces the silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer on Si nanoparticles and evaluates its effect on the performance of Si nanoparticle-based electrodes in Li-ion batteries. Various thicknesses of this native oxide are present on Si nanoparticles generated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) due to the process conditions and exposure to oxygen during storage. This layer can be effectively reduced by hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching, which results in improved electrochemical performance over as-received samples. As-received Si sample has a higher first-cycle capacity loss than that of the etched Si samples, when the capacity loss is normalized to the surface area of the Si particles. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that when the Si electrode is held at a low potential, the oxide layer can be converted to a more stable silicate form due to the irreversible consumption of lithium species in the cell. The thick SiO2 surface layer also isolates the Si core from lithium-ion alloying; therefore, the as-received Si nanoparticles deliver a lower specific capacity than their etched counterpart. Incomplete lithiation of the as-received Si particles is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, which shows that nanocrystalline Si domains remain after cycling. The surface insulating effects of SiO2 also cause high impedance in the Si electrode. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.007112jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Xun, S.; Song, X.; Wang, L.; Battaglia, V. S.; Liu, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Grass, M. E.; Liu, Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xun, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gliu@lbl.gov RI Wang, Lei/D-4773-2012; Liu, Zhi/B-3642-2009 OI Liu, Zhi/0000-0002-8973-6561 FU Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Advanced Light Source Postdoctoral Fellowship program FX This work was funded by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program. TEM and XPS were performed at National Center for Electron Microscopy and the Molecular Foundry, funded by Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. MEG is supported by the Advanced Light Source Postdoctoral Fellowship program. W. Maria Wang performed advanced editing for the manuscript. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 7 U2 71 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 12 BP A1260 EP A1266 DI 10.1149/2.007112jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 860WP UT WOS:000297979300003 ER PT J AU Yu, JM Balbuena, PB Budzien, J Leung, K AF Yu, Jiamei Balbuena, Perla B. Budzien, Joanne Leung, Kevin TI Hybrid DFT Functional-Based Static and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Excess Electron in Liquid Ethylene Carbonate SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; DOT-O INTERACTIONS; PROPYLENE CARBONATE; LI-ION; DIMETHYL CARBONATE; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; VINYLENE CARBONATE; GRAPHITE ANODE AB We applied static and dynamic hybrid functional density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the interactions of one and two excess electrons with ethylene carbonate (EC) liquid and clusters. Optimal structures of (EC)(n) and (EC)(n)(-) clusters devoid of Li+ ions, n = 1-6, were obtained. The excess electron was found to be localized on a single EC in all cases, and the EC dimeric radical anion exhibits a reduced barrier associated with the breaking of the ethylene carbon-oxygen covalent bond compared to EC-. In ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations of EC- solvated in liquid EC, large fluctuations in the carbonyl carbon-oxygen bond lengths were observed. AIMD simulations of a two-electron attack on EC in EC liquid and on Li metal surfaces yielded products similar to those predicted using nonhybrid DFT functionals, except that CO release did not occur for all attempted initial configurations in the liquid state. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3545977] C1 [Yu, Jiamei; Balbuena, Perla B.] Texas A&M Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Balbuena, Perla B.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Budzien, Joanne] Frostburg State Univ, Dept Phys & Engn, Frostburg, MD 21532 USA. [Leung, Kevin] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yu, JM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM balbuena@tamu.edu RI Budzien, Joanne/E-8315-2011 FU Department of Energy [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER15729] FX J.B. was supported by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy. K. L. was supported by Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DESC0001160. J.Y. and P. B. B. acknowledge financial support from the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER15729. NR 50 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 4 BP A400 EP A410 DI 10.1149/1.3545977 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 729SX UT WOS:000287972300007 ER PT J AU Zhang, GQ Zheng, JP Liang, R Zhang, C Wang, B Au, M Hendrickson, M Plichta, EJ AF Zhang, G. Q. Zheng, J. P. Liang, R. Zhang, C. Wang, B. Au, M. Hendrickson, M. Plichta, E. J. TI alpha-MnO2/Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Nanofiber Composite Catalytic Air Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium-air Batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC ELECTROLYTE; LI/AIR BATTERIES; ION BATTERIES; CATHODE AB Air electrodes, made with a mixture of carbon nanotube (CNT)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) and with/without alpha-MnO2 nano-rods, were prepared for Li-air cells. The charge capacity and cyclability were found to increase largely for the cells made with the alpha-MnO2 catalyst; however, the first cycle discharge capacities were no different for the cells made with and without the alpha-MnO2 catalyst. It was found that the discharge capacity of the Li-air cell was mainly due to oxygen deficiency from the pinch-off of the diffusion channel by the deposition product at the air side of the air electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectra at different cycles demonstrated that the charge transfer resistance was increased and decreased during discharge and charge processes, respectively, due to the change of porosity, oxygen concentration, and rate of coefficient of chemical reaction in the air electrode. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3590736] All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, G. Q.; Zheng, J. P.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Liang, R.; Zhang, C.; Wang, B.] Florida A&M Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Zheng, J. P.] Florida State Univ, Ctr Adv Power Syst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Liang, R.; Zhang, C.; Wang, B.] Florida State Univ, High Performance Mat Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Au, M.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Hendrickson, M.; Plichta, E. J.] USA, Power Div, Army CERDEC, Ft Monmouth, NJ 07703 USA. RP Zhang, GQ (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. EM zheng@eng.fsu.edu RI zhang, guoqing/G-7798-2011 OI zhang, guoqing/0000-0001-5896-0483 FU US Army-CERDEC; Savannah River National Laboratory FX This work was supported by US Army-CERDEC and Savannah River National Laboratory. NR 20 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 16 U2 173 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 7 BP A822 EP A827 DI 10.1149/1.3590736 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 767QI UT WOS:000290870700008 ER PT J AU Dufek, EJ Lister, TE McIlwain, ME AF Dufek, Eric J. Lister, Tedd E. McIlwain, Michael E. TI Influence of S Contamination on CO2 Reduction at Ag Electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SILVER SULFIDE MONOLAYER; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; METAL-ELECTRODES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SULFUR ADLAYERS; LOW-TEMPERATURE; DIMETHYL ETHER; HIGH-PRESSURE; SYNGAS; GOLD AB The influence of S poisoning on Ag electrodes for the production of synthesis gas (syn-gas) was evaluated at 20 and 70 degrees C using a flow-cell electrolysis system with a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). Before poisoning, a mixture of CO and H-2 (syn-gas) was produced. After exposure to Na2S at open circuit potential (OCP) the overpotential for H-2 evolution decreased resulting in a significant decrease in the Faradaic efficiency for CO. It was found that poisoning was mostly reversed by performing electrolysis at 20 degrees C in S free electrolyte but not at 70 degrees C. Measurements on planar disk electrodes showed distinct stripping waves for S adsorbed at OCP. The stripping waves were influenced by both temperature and the presence of CO2. These measurements show the potential dependant nature of electrode recovery where at elevated temperature adequate polarization to strip S was prevented by H-2 evolution. Poisoning during flow-cell operation led to a temporary decrease in CO produced which can be mostly recovered by exchanging the catholyte. SEM analysis of S-exposed GDEs demonstrated a blocking of the pore-structure at the GDE surface. Preliminary experiments with economical grades of CO2 showed only minor poisoning due to S-containing species leading to only marginal changes in syn-gas composition. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.051111jes] All rights reserved. C1 [Dufek, Eric J.; Lister, Tedd E.; McIlwain, Michael E.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Dufek, EJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. EM tedd.lister@inl.gov RI Dufek, Eric/B-8847-2017 OI Dufek, Eric/0000-0003-4802-1997 FU INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) under DOE Idaho Operations Office; Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC [DE-AC07-05ID14517]; U.S. Department of Energy FX Work supported through the INL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office. This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 50 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 11 BP B1384 EP B1390 DI 10.1149/2.051111jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 829ZL UT WOS:000295626000023 ER PT J AU Khudhayer, WJ Kariuki, NN Wang, XP Myers, DJ Shaikh, AU Karabacak, T AF Khudhayer, Wisam J. Kariuki, Nancy N. Wang, Xiaoping Myers, Deborah J. Shaikh, Ali U. Karabacak, Tansel TI Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalytic Activity of Glancing Angle Deposited Platinum Nanorod Arrays SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PEM FUEL-CELLS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; TUNGSTEN NANORODS; DISK ELECTRODE; ACID-SOLUTIONS; CATALYSTS; SURFACES; GROWTH; MODEL; NANOPARTICLES AB The electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of vertically-aligned Pt nanorods has been evaluated utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating-disk electrode (RDE) techniques in a 0.1 M HClO(4) solution at temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 degrees C. A glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique was used to fabricate Pt nanorod arrays on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. GLAD catalyst nanorods, without any carbon support, have been produced at different lengths varying between 50 and 400 nm, corresponding to 0.04-0.32 mg/cm(2) Pt loadings, with diameter and spacing values ranging from about 5 up to 100 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that Pt nanorods are well-isolated, vertically aligned, and single-crystal. Crystal orientation analysis demonstrates that large surface area Pt nanorod sidewalls are mainly dominated by Pt(110) planes, which is known to be the most active crystal plane of Pt for the ORR. Compared to a commercial high-surface-area-supported Pt (Pt/C) catalyst, the CV results show that the Pt-nanorod electrocatalyst exhibits a more positive oxide reduction peak potential, indicating that GLAD Pt nanorods are less oxophilic. Moreover, the nanorods exhibit enhanced stability against loss of electrochemically-active surface area as a result of potential cycling in acidic electrolyte as compared to the Pt/C catalyst. Specific ORR activities determined by the RDE technique for GLAD Pt nanorods of different lengths are analyzed and compared to literature values for polycrystalline Pt, nano-structured thin film Pt (3M NSTF Pt), and to those measured for Pt/C. RDE results reveal that Pt-nanorod electrocatalysts exhibit higher area-specific activity, higher electron-transfer rate constant, and comparable activation energy for ORR than those of Pt/C due to their larger crystallite size, single-crystal property, and dominance of the preferred crystal orientations for ORR. However, Pt nanorods show lower mass specific activity than that of Pt/C electrocatalyst due to the large diameter of nanorods. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3599901] All rights reserved. C1 [Khudhayer, Wisam J.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Shaikh, Ali U.] Univ Arkansas, Dept Chem, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Karabacak, Tansel] Univ Arkansas, Dept Appl Sci, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. [Kariuki, Nancy N.; Wang, Xiaoping; Myers, Deborah J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Engn Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khudhayer, WJ (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Syst Engn, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. EM wjkhudhayer@ualr.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors would like to thank the UALR Nanotechnology Center and Dr. Fumiya Watanabe for his valuable support and discussions during SEM, XRD, and TEM measurements. A portion of this research was conducted at Argonne National Laboratory, a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Laboratory, operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Argonne National Laboratory authors would like to acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program, program manager Nancy Garland. NR 58 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 8 BP B1029 EP B1041 DI 10.1149/1.3599901 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 784JV UT WOS:000292154300022 ER PT J AU Kienitz, B Pivovar, B Zawodzinski, T Garzon, FH AF Kienitz, Brian Pivovar, Bryan Zawodzinski, Tom Garzon, Fernando H. TI Cationic Contamination Effects on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Performance SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; PEMFC PERFORMANCE; OXYGEN REDUCTION; AMMONIA; TRANSPORT; IMPURITY; KINETICS; IONOMER; H+ AB There are significant impacts to fuel cell performance when contaminant cations replace protons in the ionomer. The purpose of this paper is to directly correlate extent of cationic contamination with fuel cell performance and also to elucidate main mechanisms responsible for this performance degradation. A series of standard membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were contaminated by varying the ratio of protons to cesium cations in the ionomer phase. The amount of contamination was determined using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy. These MEAs were then run in fuel cell mode to determine fuel cell performance as a function of cationic contamination level. A strip cell configuration was also utilized to distinguish between ohmic, thermodynamic, and kinetic effects. Additionally, the distribution of contaminants was measured using XRF. The decrease in fuel cell limiting current, power density, and membrane conductivity as a function of contamination level were quantified. Performance decreased monotonically with increased contamination. The cationic contaminant was preferentially located near the cathode of the strip cell under load. This distribution led to increases in thermodynamic and kinetic polarizations that were more important than changes in membrane conductivity. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3610986] All rights reserved. C1 [Kienitz, Brian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pivovar, Bryan] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Zawodzinski, Tom] Univ Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Garzon, Fernando H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kienitz, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bkienitz@wlgore.com OI Kienitz, Brian/0000-0002-0648-0303 FU US DOE EERE FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support of the US DOE EERE Hydrogen, Fuel Cell and Infrastructure Technologies program. NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 9 BP B1175 EP B1183 DI 10.1149/1.3610986 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 798BH UT WOS:000293175600027 ER PT J AU Kusoglu, A Kienitz, BL Weber, AZ AF Kusoglu, Ahmet Kienitz, Brian L. Weber, Adam Z. TI Understanding the Effects of Compression and Constraints on Water Uptake of Fuel-Cell Membranes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE; PERFLUOROSULFONIC ACID MEMBRANES; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; GAS-DIFFUSION LAYERS; SCHROEDERS-PARADOX; NAFION MEMBRANES; PROTON TRANSPORT; PFSA MEMBRANES AB Accurate characterization of polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) requires understanding the impact of mechanical and electrochemical loads on cell components. An essential aspect of this relationship is the effect of compression on the polymer membrane's water-uptake behavior and transport properties. However, there is limited information on the impact of physical constraints on membrane properties. In this paper, we investigate both theoretically and experimentally how the water uptake of Nafion membrane changes under external compression loads. The swelling of a compressed membrane is modeled by modifying the swelling pressure in the polymer backbone which relies on the changes in the microscopic volume of the polymer. The model successfully predicts the water content of the compressed membrane measured through in-situ swelling-compression tests and neutron imaging. The results show that external mechanical loads could reduce the water content and conductivity of the membrane, especially at lower temperatures, higher humidities, and in liquid water. The modeling framework and experimental data provide valuable insight for the swelling and conductivity of constrained and compressed membranes, which are of interest in electrochemical devices such as batteries and fuel cells. (C) 2011 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.097112jes] C1 [Kusoglu, Ahmet; Kienitz, Brian L.; Weber, Adam Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kusoglu, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM azweber@lbl.gov OI Kienitz, Brian/0000-0002-0648-0303; Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624; Kusoglu, Ahmet/0000-0002-2761-1050 FU Office of Fuel Cell Technologies, of the U.S. Department of Energ [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was funded by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Fuel Cell Technologies, of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additionally, the authors thank Dr. Rodney Borup for helpful discussions. We would also like to thank Ray Tang, Ron Walker, and Jae-Wan Park of University of California at Davis for their kind help with facilitating the use of equipment at McCellan Nuclear Research Center (MNRC) for the ex-situ water imaging. Lastly, we gratefully acknowledge Craig Gittleman and Yeh-hung Lai of the Electrochemical Energy Research Lab at General Motors for their insightful comments and providing the fixture for the compression experiments. NR 83 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2011 VL 158 IS 12 BP B1504 EP B1514 DI 10.1149/2.097112jes PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 860WP UT WOS:000297979300043 ER EF